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SEYf PARIS GUIDE.
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A dcUikd ttid accimte DeMiiptioBof all tkc PnUic Edificet, Gafdens, etc. ; an Accouit oT tlie Pobtical, Sdendllc, Goib- mercial, Rdiaona, aad Moral bmitnticma of the Gamtal; an Abatnct <» tke Laws intereftme to Foreigiien; witb an lUatorical Sketch of Paris, and all neceitarj and naefnl DiiectioDs to the Tnfcller uevioaa to hit tcttoift out, apon hit landini; in France, and upon bis arriTal ana daring hu Rsidenee at Paris; and an Accoont of the diffarent Roads from the Coast to the Capital : to which is added an Historical and Pictvesipic
BiSCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONS, mcLimiiro a tiat ample ACGOvirr or tu palagb,
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PUBLISHED BT A. AND W. 6AU6NANI,
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PUBLTC LTiu;AilY
Pr8M93B
ASTOk, LENOX AND
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VAGI
Litrodactioii i
Plan for viewiBg Paris in a week iTiii
List of Newspapers, Maguinet, etc • Ixi
Puis Diieetocy \xx
List of Daties on forcien Goods entexing England Ixt
ChnpCer I. Historical Sketch of Paris i
II. Present state of Paris, nhysical and moral 11
HI. Stntc Cooncib, Chambers of Peers and Depu- ties, King's Household, Poblic Offices, etc. . . 25
rv. Courts and Tribunals 83
V. Military GoYcmmeut, Civil Administration, etc. 39
YI. Principal Commercial Establishments 49
VII. Religious Edifices and Establishments 55
VIU. Royal and other Palaces and Gardens 149
IX. PnbUc Edifices 318
X. Private Hotels, ancient and modem 362
XI. Places, Triumphal Arches, Courts and Passages. 275
XU. MaBufactorics, Blarkets, and Slaughter-houses. . 297
Xin. Bridges and Qoays 819
XIY. Aqueducts, Hydraulic Machines, Fountains,
Baths, etc 830
XV. Ghaiitablc Institutions' and Prisons 354
XVI. Scientific and Literary Institutions 417
XYH. Ubiaries and Museums 476
XVIH. Theatres, Public Gardens, Amusements, etc. ... 537
XIX. Promenades, Boulerards, and Barriers 576
XX. Catacombs and Cemeteries 588
BBvirons of Paris • 617
Tabieof pates : «n
Imiex 749
f f. .- 'Di^abjfiodgle
\
DAYS OF ADMISSION INTO THE LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, ETC.*
BiBLioTaiQCB nu Roi, Tuesdays and Fridays, from ten o*clock till t#o. Students and Authors e^ery day, except Sundays and HoUda^fs. Cabinet of Medals and Antiques, and Cabinet of Engravings at the BibUothcque du Roi, Tuesdays and Fridays, from ten o'clock till two.
BiELtoTMiQUB MASAaiiTX, CTcry da^, except Thursdays, Sun- days and Holidays, from ten o'clock till two.
BiBLioTH^QUB DB LA ViLLE, «very day, except Wednesdays, Sundays and Holidays, from twelve to four.
MiisBB RoTAL, at the Louvre, Sundays. Foreigners, every^ day, except Mondays.
Gabiitbt d'Hjstoikb Natuebllb, at the Jardin des Plantes. Tuesdays and Fridays, from three o'clock till six. Foreigners, on other days, upon applying for tickets at the office of the Administration^ and snowing passport.
CoNSBRTAToiEB DBS Aets bt Mbtibes. ThuTsdays and Sun- days. Foreigners daily, from twelve to four o'clock, on pro- dacing passport.
At the CoirsBEVATioH dbs MoHuiiBifs PuELicsy No. 29, ruede rUniversit^, the stranger (by letter ** post paid," addressed to M» U Directeur, or by personal application, upon producing his passport) may obtain tickets or admission to ascend the column of the place Vendome, and to visit the model of the Fontaine de I'Ejephant, and the ateliers de Sculpture.
ENGLISH PROTESTANT CHURCHES.
Sours of Seruice.
Ambassador's Chapel, No. 39, faubourg St.-Honore, half past eleven o'clock.
Hotel Maebosuf, Champs Elysees, morning, half past eleven; evening, in summer six, in winter three.
Oratoieb, rne St.-Honore, three in English, also at ten on the first Sunday of every month. Amencan service at two every Sunday, in French at twelve on Sundays, and at two on Thursdays.
* Thii list melnd«a only thoso esublitlimenia which are open oa fixed dey«. Those are omitted which are open to the public erer j daj, or to risit wfaicb tichets are required. To visit the public institntions, aunate directions will be found at the end of eacb article.
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INTRODUCTION.
SECTION I.
DIRECTIONS TO THE TRAVELLER PREVIOUS TO DEPARTURE FROM ENGLAND.
PASSPORT. — Before Ute traveller tets out, it is indiipensable for liiin to procure a pufpoit, wkich is to be obuined (gratis) by anpl3ingatthe house of llie French aaihajsador. No. 5 f , Portland- ^^Uce, between the hours of 1 2 and four. It is advisable a dav or two before depailare to leave the name, and mention the roadf in- tended to be taken. If he calls at the office on the following day between one and three, he will obtain the passport signed by the Ambassador. It is perfectly unnecessary to appiv at the Fo- reign OIBce, as was formerly the case ; the passport of the French Embassador being «{oite sufficient. Should the traveller wish to go throng Bel^om or Holland before he proceeds to Paris, he may procure a passport by addressing a letter to the Ambas- sador of the !f ctherands. No. i , Rryanston-square, signed by two respectable hoasefcecpers to whom he may be knoi^'n ; the pass- port will then be granted on tlie following day, fpce of expense. The office is open from 1 1 to three.
GASH ARRANGEMENTS.-~B«fore he leaves England, the traveller should provide himself with sufficient French money to defray his expenses from Calais to the metropolis of France. He may get Bank of England notes, or guineas, changed into French money, on landine in France ; though this may be some- times attended with troume and loss. French gold and silver coin aiay be purchased of all the money-changers in London. English nonev may be safely exchanged m Paris, at the shops of the mo- ncy-cbangers.* If the tourist should have more English money than he requires when he reaches Dover, he will meet with per- Mn« at the inns who will accommodate him with French coin at a reduction of three pence in the pound. Tlic best phin, however, b to get a letter of credit from a banker in Ix>naon on one in Paris. Thi$ may be sent previous to departure, to the Pari^
• Her Pa«is DtmtcTomr.
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11 IMTRODUGTION.
banker, and he may be desired to send credit for the sum want- ed, on a banker in Calais, or wherever the traveller proposes to land, by a letter addressed to him, posie rettante. On his ar- rival, he finds his letter at the post-office, and gets of the banker of the place the sum he may require for his journey to Paris where the balance of his letter of credit will be paid by the Paris banker. Some persons, however, prefer the circular exchange notes of Herries and Co., or Morland and Co., London which certainly combine security and convenience. The worst and most insecure way of obtaining money from England is having bank notes enclosed in letters. '
The principal bankers in Paris, who correspond with English houses, are Lafitte and Co., 19, rue d'Artois ; Rothschild, sfrue d'Artois; Mallet, 13, rue He la Chaussee d'Antin; Luke Calla- ghan, 26, rue Neuve des Mathurins; Daly and Co., 26, rue de Provence ; Orr and Goldsmid, II, rue d'Artois; T. de Lisle, 3, rue Blanche ; Coppinger, 23, rue Joubert. Their commission is about 4 per cent, besides a small premium when thevpav in pold
MONETARY SYSTEM. — Accounts arc kept in France in francs of 10 decimes or 1 00 centimes. Before the year 1 795, they were kept in livres of 20 sous or 240 deniers. The livre and franc were formerly of the same value, but the franc is now 1 1 per cent, better ; thus 80 francs equal 81 livres ; and, by this propor- tion, the ancient monies have been generally converted mto modem.
But by a decree of 1810, the following proportion was esta- blished Z'piecesof 48 livres, at 47 fr. 20 c. ; of 24, at 23 fr. 65 c. ; of6,at6fr. 80c.; of 3, at 2 fr. 75 c.
Pieces of 30 and 15 sous pass for 1 fr. 50 c. and 75c.; but they are not considered a legal tender for more than 5 fr.
The coins may be considered under two heads; namely, ancient and modem ; the ancient gold coins are louis of 24 liVres, and double louis of the value of 48 livres ; and the stiver coins are ecus of 6 livres, with halves, quarters, etc.*
The modem gold coins arc napoleons of 40 and 20 fr., and louis of the same weijdit, fineness, and current valpe. The silver coins are pieces of 5 fr., also of 2, 1 , -|> \i amd ; fr.
The coins of billon (a mixed metal) and copper are pieces of 1 decime or 2 sous, pieces of 6 liards or 1 7 sous, of 5 centimes or 1 sous, and of 1 centime. There are also liards and double liards, which are \ and •; of a sous.
In the monetary system of France, the coins, if accurately minted, may serve also as weights. Thus 5 francs in copper, 50 in billon, 200 in standard silver, or 3,100 in standard gold, should weigh 1 kilogramme. Hence the piece of 1 fr. weighs 5 grammes, nnd any other piece in the above proportion.
' Very little of llie ancient iiWer coin is now met with, as ■ law waj paMcd, in tSsQi for it to be railed in and mcllcd down; a period being fixed beyond Tliich a would be received at old silver only.
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MORETARY SYSTEM. Ul
Hence ako 1 kilogramme of minted gold ia worth i& ^ lilo- grammes oC sihrer.
One kilogramme of minted silver is worth 4 kilogrammes of httlon.
One kilogramme of minted billon is worth 10 kilogrammes of cornier, or an^ other weight in the same proportion.
Tnegold corns of 20 fr. and 40 fr., stmck under the government o^Bonanarte, were called napoleons and double-napoleons ; and such is uie force of habit that these, as well as pieces of the same value stmck since the Restoration, continue to be so called. They are also designated pieces de vingt francs and pieces de qnarante francs. The silver coins of 5 francs each are frcouently called pieces de cent sons ; a piece of 2 fr. is called piece ae qna< rante sons, and so on.
The only notes iasaed by the Sank of France arc of bOO fr. and 1,000 fr. These are changeable into silver at the Bank, daring the hours of business, without discount, except the charge of 3 sons for the bag which contains the change ; or, at a small pre- mium, into silver or gold, at the different money-changers.
The French money, being divided into decimal parts, in reck- oiung, instead of 35 sons, it b said 1 fr. 25 centimes ; instead of SO sons, 1 fr. 50 centimes; 35 sous, 1 fr. 75 centimes ; and so on. When the course of exchange is at nar between France and England, 24 livres or francs are considered equal to the pound sterling.
TheJblUywing T^blk 'wUl he found usefid to strangers, who are not accustomed to reduce francs into ster-^ ling money. In this table the calculation is made at a 4 fr. to the pound sterling, though the exchange is eUwtrjrs about 5 per cent, higher. The difference it is easy to add.
|
Francs. |
rreneh. |
/. #. J. |
|
1 |
Un . |
0 0 10 |
|
2 |
Deux |
0 1 R |
|
3 |
Trois |
0 2 6 |
|
4 |
Quatre |
0 3 4 |
|
6 |
Cinq. |
0 4 2 |
|
6 |
SU |
0 5 0 |
|
7 |
Sept |
0 5 10 |
|
8 |
Huit |
0 6 8 |
|
9 |
Nenf |
0 7 6 |
|
10 |
Dix |
0 8 4 |
|
11 |
Ottze |
0 9 2 |
|
12 |
Douse |
0 to 0 |
|
13 |
Treize |
0 10 10 |
|
14 |
Quatorze |
0 11 8 |
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IV
|
INTRODUCTIOIf. |
||
|
French, |
/. s, d. |
|
|
Quinze |
0 12 6 |
|
|
Seize |
0 13 4 |
|
|
Dix-sept |
0 14 t |
|
|
Dix4iiut |
0 15 0 |
|
|
Dix-neuf |
0 16 10 |
|
|
Vingt |
0 16 8 |
|
|
Vingt-un |
0 17 6 |
|
|
VingtHleux |
0 18 4 |
|
|
Vingt-trois |
0 19 2 |
|
|
VingtH^natre |
1 0 0 |
|
|
Vingt-cinq |
1 0 10 |
|
|
Vingt-six |
1 1 8 |
|
|
Vingt^ept |
1 2 6 |
|
|
Vingt-huit |
1 3 4 |
|
|
Vingt-neuf |
1 4 2 |
|
|
Trentc |
1 5 0 |
|
|
Trente-un |
1 5 10 |
|
|
Trentc-deux . |
1 6 8 |
|
|
Trente-Crois |
1 7 6 |
|
|
TrenteHfuatre |
1 8 4 |
|
|
Trente-cinq |
1 9 2 |
|
|
Trente-nx |
1 10 0 |
|
|
Trcntc-Bcpt . |
1 10 10 |
|
|
Trente-fauit |
1 11 8 |
|
|
Trente-neuf . |
1 12 6 |
|
|
Qnarante |
1 13 4 |
|
|
Quarante-tm . |
1 14 2 |
|
|
Quarante-deux |
1 15 0 |
|
|
Quarante-trois |
1 16 10 |
|
|
Quarante-^uatre |
1 16 8 |
|
|
Quarante-cinq |
1 17 6 |
|
|
Quarante-six . |
1 18 4 |
|
|
Quarante-tfept |
1 19 2 |
|
|
Quarante-hmt |
2 0 0 |
|
|
Quarante-neuf |
2 0 10 |
|
|
Ginquante |
2 1 8 |
|
|
GinquaBteHin |
2 2 6 |
|
|
GinquanteHleux |
2 3 4 |
|
|
Cinqiiante-trou |
2 4 2 |
|
|
Cinqiiante-quatre |
2 5 0 |
|
|
Cinquante-cinq |
2 5 10 |
|
|
Ginquante-six |
2 6 8 |
|
|
Ginquante-sept |
2 7 « |
|
|
Cinquante-huit |
2 8 4 |
|
|
Ginquante-neuf |
2 9 2 |
|
|
Soixante |
2 10 0 |
|
|
Soixante-un |
2 10 10 |
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MOHETAKT SY8TBX.
|
Francs. |
Firanch. |
|
62 |
Soixante-deiix |
|
63 |
Soixante-trois |
|
64 |
SoixanteHnuCre |
|
66 |
SoixanteH^mq |
|
66 |
Soixante-^ix |
|
tf7 68 |
Soixante-wpt Sotxante-hiut |
|
69 |
|
|
70 |
SoixantcHlix |
|
71 |
Soixante-ODM |
|
71 |
Soixantc-douzc |
|
73 |
Soixaiite«4reixe |
|
74 |
SoUanteH|Qatonc |
|
75 |
Soixante-quuize |
|
76 |
Soixantc-scizc |
|
77 |
Soixante-dix-sept |
|
78 |
Soixante-dix-huit |
|
7» |
Soixante-dix-neuf |
|
80 |
Qoatre-Tuigt |
|
«1 |
QoaCrc-vin^-iui |
|
82 |
Qnatre-Tingt-denx |
|
88 |
Qnatre-yingMrois |
|
84 |
Qiiatre-\in^-qiiatK . |
|
85 |
Qnatre-vingt-cinq |
|
96 |
Qnatre-vingt-six |
|
87 |
Qvatre-viogft-sept |
|
88 |
Qiiatre-viii0t-hiut |
|
8« |
Quatre-Tingt-iieaf |
|
90 |
Quatre-Tingt-dix |
|
91 |
Qnatre-vingt-onze |
|
92 |
Quatrcyvingt-douze |
|
9S |
Quatre-vingt-treife |
|
94 |
Qnatre-Tingt-quatone |
|
95 |
QuatTe-vingt-qiiinze |
|
96 |
Quatre-vuigt-fleuEe |
|
97 |
Quatre-TingMix-Mpt |
|
96 |
Qnatre-vingt-^x-hait |
|
99 |
Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf |
|
100 |
Cent |
|
101 |
Cent on |
|
102 |
Cent deux |
|
108 |
Cent trois |
|
to^ |
Cent qnatre |
|
105 |
Cent cinq |
|
106 |
Cent six |
|
t07 |
Cent sept Centhnit. |
|
108 |
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|
VI |
INTAODUCTION. |
|
|
Francs^ |
French. |
/. s. d. |
|
t09 |
Gent neuf |
4 10 10 |
|
no |
Centdix |
4 11 8 |
|
111 |
Cent onxe |
4 12 6 |
|
112 |
Cent douse |
4 13 4 |
|
113 |
Cent treize |
4 14 2 |
|
114 |
Cent quatone |
4 15 0 |
|
115 |
Cent quinze . |
4 15 10 |
|
116 |
Cent seize |
4 16 8 |
|
117 |
Cent dix-sept |
4 17 0 |
|
118 |
Cent dix-knit |
4 18 4 |
|
119 |
Cent dix-neuf |
4 19 2 |
|
120 |
Cent vingt |
5 0 0 |
|
121 |
Cent vingt-un |
5 0 10 |
|
122 |
Cent vingt-deux |
5 1 8 |
|
123 |
Cent vingt-trois |
5 2 6 |
|
124 |
Cent vingt-quatre |
5 3 4 |
|
125 |
Cent vingt-cinq |
5 4 2 |
|
126 |
Cent vingt-six |
5 5 0 |
|
127 |
Cent vingt-sept |
5 5 10 |
|
128 |
Cent vingt-huit |
5 6 8 |
|
129 |
Cent vingt-neuf |
5 7 6 |
|
130 |
Cent trente |
5 8 4 |
|
200 |
Deux cents |
8 6 8 |
|
800 |
Trois cents . |
12 10 0 |
|
500 |
Cinq cents |
20 16 8 |
|
1,000 |
MUle |
41 13 4 |
|
2,000 |
Deux miUe |
83 6 8 |
|
3,000 |
Trois mille |
125 0 0 |
|
4,000 |
Qnatre miUe . |
166 13 4 |
|
5,000 |
Cinq mille |
208 6 8 |
|
10,000 |
Dix miUe |
416 13 4 |
|
20,000 . |
Vingt mille . |
833 6 8 |
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.— We have here three systems of weights and measures to explain ; namely, the ancient system, used before the French Revolution ; the metrical or decimal system, established in 1795; and the syst^me vsuel, made legal for retail business in 1 8 1 2.
The system of 1795 is the metrical system, with decimal divi- sions, and a new vocabulary ; and that of 1812 is also the metrical system, but with binary divisions and tlie ancient vocabulary.
The decimal systemis used in all wholesale and government concerns, and is well calculated to facilitate the operations of commerce ; but the binan' system (that is, dividing standards into halves, Quarters, eighths, etc.) is found more convenient in the inferior departments of trade, and particularly in retail busi- ness. The former system is, both by its divisions and vocabnlary ,
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WBI&HXS AUD MEASURES. yii
admirably adapted for unnrenal commimicaCion amenir die learned ; but it u perhaps too acienUfic for the common ^nranle to wbcHu the biisoieai of weighing and meaaniing the necJiaSie i of life IS chiellj committed m eveiy coiuliy.
AncuEiT SnTu.'^The ancient weight of France. caUed the poi€is demarcjf^athe tame for the precious meuls as for aU merchandize. The livre or pound was divided into 2 marcs i^oinices, i28gn», or 9,51 6 grains. The ounce was also divided occasionallT mto 20 esdms, 40 maiUes, or 80 felins ; and the Pros was sometimes divided into 3 denicrs of 24 grains each
Diamonds were weighed by the ounce of 144 caraU. each carat being 4 grains. '
^^r^'^^^^i^^ "^^^i^^ P^j^» ^« ""'"^ of ^6 ounces, ^ dneU^ 128 scdiques, 192 sextules, 256 drachms, 7C8 scrul pies, or 9,216 grains.
The pound, poids de marc, answers to 0.4895 kiloiriafflme of Ac new weight, or 7 .555 English grains. oe™o»e or
The corn measure of Psms was the muidi which was di^ded «to J2 setiers, 24 mmes, 48 nunots, or 144 boisseaux, and the
tJT^tibUdr- ^'' ^^' ^^^ ^-^ ^-'-^^^^ -
Thennndpal measore for wine was also the mnid, which was dnrideJ into 36 «t.m, 144 quarts, or 288 nintes. ' The mu?d «uwered to 2,68 hectolitres, or 70.80 EnglUh gallons. The pmte waa divided into two chopines, 4 demi-seticSs, or 8 hois- sims; and anjimed to 0.931 We, or 0.2459 English gallon. b^Tenrnearir an Engtish quart. ^ " g«uoii,
i^^^i} foot (piW ^e rot) was divided into 12 inches, fctlSTknchw **** Mid equaUed 0.32484 metre, or 12.7893 The anne of Pans was 1.188 mitre, or 46.85 English inches The to.se or fathom, also called the toise d WoLince, was 6 feet pied de w»=l. 949 mitre, or 6.305 English fee?. ' m'I^^ si* '^i'^? tOttes = 1949.036 mkres, or 1 English ^:V^^r'^' The lieue or league, legal road La.
^h^^t7^^^\^" "*"*^^ 100 square perches, but the ESl3!f«f^^"'P"*r5T- The following were theprin- cqttl land *n««y«, computed from the length of the percE :-
1 sere, 1 rod, 2 perches, Enghsh.
7 p^'SS,* ESh*' ^ ^*** *** ** perch = 42.21 ares =1 acre,
Ae ^SllJi'lf '"'S "f "!«•»«» of • '^-"•'y •« •lured. • Jaiowledg. of rfR-Wlf^i*'" « die new, cMrtmne. long neeewary, and. in tbe %««
PJrtwJ-r/y « r«J mea*«r«, .od « T«l«ing tbe work of l.bowm and •Vthmiea. la laod-torveytng. too, it it cousiantly rf fcrred lo.
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vm INTHODVCTION.
Arpent de Paris, 18 feet to the perch = 34.19 aies:=3 rods ]5jpet«hes, Euglifth. *
The above acres contain each 100 square perches, bnt the acre de JVormandie contains 160 perches of 22 square feet each and therefore equals 81 .71 ares, or 2 acres and 2 perches English.
Mbtkigil or DiGiHAi. Ststbm.— The fundamental standard adopted in France for the metrical system of weights and mea- sures, is called the m^tre, and is the ten-millionth part of the distance from the pole to the equator. This is adopted as the unit of length, and from which, by decimal multiplication and division, all other measures are derived. The length of the quadrant of the terrestrial meridian was ascertained by Messrs. Dehimbre and Mechain, by measuring an arc of the meridian between the parallels of Dunkirk and Barcelona. The metre is equal to 39.371 English inches.
In order to express the decimal proportions, the following vocabulaiy of names has been adopted.
For multipliers, the word—
Deca prefixed means 10 times ;
ttecto 100 times;
Kilo 1,000 times;
Myria 10,000 times.
On the contrary, for divisors, the word —
Deci expresses the 10th part ;
Centi 100th part;
MilU l»000thpart.
It may assist the memory to observe that the terms for multi- plying are Greek, and those for dividing, Latin. Thus—
Dicam^tre means 10 metres; Decimktret the 10th part of a metre ; HectomHrcy 100 metres ; Centimetre, the 100th part of a metre ; and so on for the rest.
The m^tre (as before stated ) is the element of long measure, and = 39.371 English inches.
The are, which is a square dicamhtre ( or 100 square metres ) is the element of superficial measures. It equals 3.955 English perches.
The stkre, which is a cubic mitre, is the element of solid measures ; and = 35.317 cubic feet English.
The litre, which is the cubic ddcinUtret is the element of all liquid measures, and of all other measures of capacity. It equals 0.26419 English gallon, and the hectolitre :=2Mn Winchester bushels.
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COITVB/ANCSS. IX
LactW , the gramme, wfakk is cbe weight of a ciiIhc etntimhre of distiued w&tcr, of the temperature of melling ice (the greatest condensatioD), is the element of all weights, and equals 16.434 Eneilisb grains troj.
Ststsxb ESCKi.. — ^The sjrsieme usuel has the metrical itan- dards for its basis, but their diidsions are binary ; and instead of the new nonencktnrc, the names of the ancient weights and Mutasurrs are used, annexing the term utuel to each. Thus the half kilogramnie is called the liure usuelle, and the double ■ictre the ioise vsuelle, etc.
This system was legalised by an imperial decree in 1812, for the use of retail traders, and the decimal system was continued for aU otha kinds of business and measurement ; but as the law was left optioDsl, it led to many difficulties, insomuch that, in 1816, the STsterae usuel was enforced by a ro^al decree, in which the use of 'weights or measures decimally divided is absoluteW prohihfted in shops, or any de]MUtments of trade connected with retail business, while the decimal system is confirmed for all other purposes.
K% the systeine nsud has the metre and gramme for its basis, any ot its driisions auty be easily computed. The following, howeTer, are the contents of its principal units in English mea- sure:—
The toise unielie of 2 metres equals 6 feet 6 ■{> inches English.
The pied usuel equals •{- of the toise, and the inch ^ of the foot.
The awte usueiU equals 3 feet 1 1 \ inches English, with all its divisUms in proportion.
The long measures are also divided into y, 7-, and "n-; which are easily computed from the foregoing dimension of the toise and anne.
The boiiseau Misuel is-f of the hectolitre, and equals 0.35474 &^Ush bushel, with halves, quarters, etc., in proportion.
The litfon usuel equals 1.074 Paris pinte, or 2 7 English pints, with halves, quarters, etc., in proportion.
Apothecaries have adopted the systeme usuel in compounding medicines, which weight, in smaJl quantities, scarcely differs from the poids de marc.
Diamonds are still weighed by carats of 4 grains each, but these grains differ from the foregoing. Thus, 1 carat equals 3JB76 grains, poids de marc, or 3.798 grains usuel; and also answers to 2.01 decigrammes, or 3 -7 English grains.
the liure usuelle z=z b(iO grammes =94 13.57 5 grains, poids de marc, or 7717 English grains, and all its divisions, and mul- tiplea in proportion. Hence the common pound of France = 1 lb. 1 oz, if I drains avoirdupois ; and therefore the quintal nUtrique of 100 kilogrammes answers to 220.486 lbs. avoirdu- peis, or I cwt. 3 qrs. 24 -i lbs.
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INTRODUCTION.
CONVEYANCES.— At the Crosa Keys, Wood-street j Spread Eagle, Graceckurch-fttreet ; White Bear, Piccadilly; Bell and Crown, Holbom ; Blossom's Inn, Lawrence-lane ; and Golden Cross, Charing-cross, correct information mav be obtained respecting conveyances to France. Here places may be secured to Dover, Calais, Dunkirk, Ostend, Paris, Brussels, etc. The coaches leave London, every rooming and evening, for Dover Deal, Margate, Ramsaate, and Brighton. From Calais the mail •tarts, every nieht, from the Hotel Dcssin ; Lafitte and Co.'s diUgence from No. 9, rue Neuve ; messageries royales start from No. 14, rue de la Mer, for Paris, twice a day. Steam or sailinp P*<^ »«*« are always ready for the conveyance of passengers who are booked throughout, nut persons desirous of stopping on the road are allowed to do so, and resume their journey at pleasure, without additional expense, provided it be mentioned when the place is taken : but there are many inconveniences attending this apparent advantage. Persons who have a dislike to travelling in ihe night can sUrt by the coaches which leave London in the ™r*T™l * ^*^? ^^^^ ^^^^^ "^ Dover ; cross the water in the middle of the day ; sleep also at Calais ; and depart by the coaches oa the following morning. Those who wish to save time should travel by the evening coaches to Dover, where they will arrive three or four hours before the packet sails. Parcels dispatched to the Continent must be accompanied by a written declaratioii of their contents and value ; also tlie name and address of the person who sends them.
The royal messageries of the Netherlands are connected with the Cross Keys, Wood-street, Cheapside.
For Calais, in 11 hours, two fine and most commodious packets start several times a week, from Galley-quay near Lon- don Bridge. SaOing packets, chiefly for goods, depart fron» Botol|^ wharf about once a week. Steam vessels likewise go every dav to Calais or Boulogne from Dover, and Picc vend.
From Brighton to Dieppe, and vice vend, steam boats cross twice a weeK during the summer, and once a week during the spring and late in autumn; and sailing vessels, at distant pe- riods, durine the winter. The diligences from Dieppe to Paris start from the H6tel Petit.
For Ostend, a very hirge and spacious steam-boat departs once or twice a week, from the Custom-house quay, Lower Thames- street, and from Botolph wharf, London, during the season.
For Havre a packet, which affords excellent accommodation, SMls from Southampton every week during the winter. It also carries goods. Inquire at Messrs. Weeks and Co.'s, Southampton. Two large, powerful, and handsome steam-boats likewise lyo from this port twice a week for Havre during the summer. The accommodations are excellent, and the voyage is made in 1 1 or t2 hours. From Ha^te to Paris the metsageiiet royales start
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Til
COWVEYAHCES. xi
from the HStel dc inBurope ; 40 lbs. of loggage allowed; and Lafitte and Go.*s diligeDces, from the Hotd da Bicnveno, me de Paris. A steamnpacLeti^s about tnrice a week to and from Havre to Roaeo. The scenery U pictiire«[ue» and the trip a most delightful one.
Vexy spacious ind powerful steam vessels also leave London for Otfend and Rotterdam, once or twice a week.
From Harwich nackets sail twice a week, wind and weather permitting, for Hetvoctslnys, Cuxhaven, and Gottenbureh.
The traveller would do well not to encumber himself with more Ingeage than is absolutely necessary, as most articles, articnlany books, are mnch cheaper in Paris than in l^ondon. .he weight of luggage usually allowed by the coaches towards the coast is 14 lbs. for each passenger, although a heavier trunk, if not too bulky, is frequently suffered to pass without notice. The extra charge for overweight is three-halfpence per lb.
Presuming that the tourist is acquainted with the beauties of hts native land, and that he will, without difficulty, find the best inns of the sea-port from which he intends to sail, we shall not notice thcin here. He will generally meet with every neces- sary information respecting the packets at the inn where he puts op. The practice of inspecting the luggage of travellers at an English port, previous to its being put on board the packet, is no longer in use. The oflicers at the different ports are strict with passengers retaining from France, and frequently search the tnmks closely, particnJariy if they have any ground for suspi- cion. It is better to give up the keys without hesitation.
If, aftrr liis luggage is put on board one vessel, the passenger should, bj accident or choice, go by another, histmnu wiU he found safe at the Coatom-honse on the French coast.
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Xii INTRODUCTION.
SECTION n.
ARRIVAL IN FRANCE.
On arriving at the opposite coast, it is nsiiaL to give a grmtu ity to the steward and sailors of the packet. The moment th< vessel reaches the pier, police officers generally step on board u demand the passengers* passports, which are immediately sent] to the police office, and afterwards to Paris. On paying 2 fr. a| temporarv passport is given, which serves the tourist till Iic^ reaches the canital. The luggage is taken to the custom-house^ to be examinea. The traveller may avoid trouble by leaving hi» luggage with the commissioner of the inn he may put up at. Ii.' travelling, the passport will sometimes be demanded at tiie: gates of the chief fortified towns, and examined by the officeK^ on duty.
DUtY ON CARRIAGES, HORSES, etc.— When a carriage is landed in France, the owner pays one-third of whatever valuo he may put upon it, and receives a certificate for the same ; bull care must be taken not to rate it too much under the real value j If the carriage leaves France within three years, thrcc-foitttbs of the money deposited will be returned on producing his certifi^ cate, but the claim must be made within two years after it has been re-exported. If the traveller does not return the same way, the money may be obtained upon showing the receipt at the custom-house of any other port of the French frontier.
A gig, or any other two-wheeled carriage jiays the same duties.
On leaving 'England, the duty on a horse is 2 fpineas, besides 10s. in the 1001. according to its value. On arriving in France, the duty is 50 fr. for a horse, and 15 fr. for a colt.
Rody-linen, if not new, is admitted duty free ; bed and (able linen, not new, is admitted upon paying an atl valorem duty of :; 15 per cent. ; as also furniture old and new; but for plate,' except in a very small quantity, it is necessary to address a letter' to the Directeur-general des Douanes^ stating at what port it j is to be, or is already landed, who will grant a permission for ! three years, at the expiration of which term, a new permission J must be applied for. A sum equal to the amount of tne custom | duty and tne warranty duty is deposited as a security for adhering to this regulation, but the money is reimbursed upon the re-ex- portation of the plate.
New harness and carpets are prohibited in France, but not iii the Netherlands; and tiierc the dnty on carriages is oiic-trnth «>( their value, and that on horses 8 fr.
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TRAVBLLIRG IN FKA5CE Xlll
FRENCH INNS. — ^The EngEsh traveller mut not expect to find on the contment all the cleanliness and comfort to which he kas been accustomed in English inns. The floor of the room is ^sneraDr composed of bricks or tiles ; and hnt few carpets are to be met with. Bat the beds are in eeneral good j fuel is dear, and almost always consists of wood, in a wide open chimney, which frequently smokes. Excellent coffee, and good hread and wnie maybe procured ; the dishes also, ahhough generally dif- ferent to what the traveller has been accustomed to in his own country, are well dressed, the regetables are good and the des- sert copious. A silver fork and a napkin are always laid before each gnest. The wine is brought to table in the black bottle, with a tmnblcr and a decanter of water ; for, as the French never drink beer at their meals, they supply its pUce with wine and water, and only drink fine wines and liqueun in wine fdasses, which they call vem$ a pied. These are seldom placed Ml the table unless asked for. The table wine is called vin ordinaire, and is generaUy Tcry cheap and good.
TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. — Srace the peace, the French have greatly improved their public conveyances, which are much hghtor and better than formerly. At the same time, from the immense qnantity of luggage which they carry, and from the general badness of the roads, and their being paved, it is impos- sible that they can ever equal the sUge coaches of England. The diligences in general carry 15 passengers ; there arc some of them/i^owever, fliat carry 15 inside and 3 outside passengers, besides the conducteuTy who corresponds to an English guard. ' The interior of these vehicles is generally lofty and roomy, and straps or nel-work hang from the roof for hats and lipht parrels. The places are all numbered, and, when the traveller takes a place, the number of the seat he is to occupy is mentioned on the receipt. The conductor always takes care that every tra- veller shall occupy his place, by calling each in his turn, there is no coachman, bnt a postilion, who is changed at each stage, We shall not attempt to describe this almost nondescript being, as we do not ynsh to anticipate tlie stranger's amusement at the first view of soch a contrast to the smart, spruce, well-booted Englbh postihoD : it is, however, but fair to add, that they have morcintcUect, behave better, and are less mereenary. The conductor pays for the passenger the perquisite to the postilions at each stage, and receives, at the end of the journey, the whole amount, wSch is charged at the rate of 2 sons per 6 or 8 miles, exclusive of his own fee, which is about double that sum.
Each passenger is allowed from 40 to 50 lbs. of luggage ; above that amount U charged by weight. . ,- , i ,
It is customary, on being booked, to pay one half of the fore, and a Tec&^ is given indicating the day and hour of departure.
b
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xiV IHTRODUCTIOW.
The malie-poste is a conveyance establiahed by the govern- ment for carrying the mails, 'which form two divisions, the I St and 2d sections. The mail to Calais is of the former, and that to Rouen of the latter section. Mails of the first section carry fonr passengers, and those of the second, tlffee. The charge for each is 30 sous per post. The mail is very commo- dious, and nearly as agreeable as a private carriage ; each pas- senger is allowed 50lbs. of luggage.
The carriages which are hired for travelling post, and which will not contain more than two persons, are generally called cabriolets. They have only two wheels, and are drawn by two horses. Their appearance is very different from any kind of English travelling-carriage ; but tney are li^t, roomy, and con- venient. As a carriage cannot, in France, be changed at every stage, the traveller must hire a cabriolet, or any other convey- ance, for the whole joumev. The charge varies ; but one from Calais to Paris may generally be had for about 100 fr.
Other carriages, called uoitures, or calkches and berfineSf on fonr wheels, whicli will carry three, four, or six persons, may be had for 120 or 130 fr.
Carriages for long journeys are much more reasonable, and should be hired at so much per day, generally about 10 fr.
In hiring a carriage it is necessary to have written on the receipt, that all repairs which may be required on the road shall be paid for by tlie penon who lets it.
Posting in France being in the hands of the government, there is only one place at each stage or in each town, for changing horses. This place is seldom an inn ; but the postilion will con- duct the traveller to any place he is ordered. The business of posting is extremely well mana^d in France, and perhaps excels that of every other country in Europe. The postilions do not drive so fast as in England ; but there is no danger whatever of their being drunk, or racine against each other. There arc no turnpike-gates in the kingofom ; and the charge of posting and paying the postilion is fixed. Thirty sous per post is paid for every horse, and for each person above the number of the horses, I fr. extra is charged. Tney seldom put more than three horses to a carriage, and generally all abreast, with one postilion, except when the carriage has a pole ; it then has four horses and two postilions. It is therefore advisable for travellers who tale their own carriage to have shafts instead of a pole, as this makes a con- siderable difference in the expense of posting. In some places where the roads are bad, or tne distances great, an extra horse is obligatorv, except for certain carriages to which the extra horse could not be yoked without danger; the traveller may then agree with the post-master to have stronger horses instead of an extra one, the charge for which he nevertheless pays. The legal Slim fixed for the driver is 15 sous, but travellers seldom
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TRAVEJLLIBTG 19 FEASCE. XY
giTe leM than 80. A proame of ten sous more will occauonally make them driire £aister.
It is never necessary to send a conrier forward to order hones, miless in iinfre(|aente» parts of the conntry, <ir when thetc is an extraoidinarj raa on the road. The post-masters and the poa- tiliotts are civil and oblidag. If the traveller does not choose to change, he may refer the payment to the next post, or even to (wo or three posts foward (notwithstanding the regulation to the contrary) ; bat in case he travels daring the night, or feels disposed to sleep, it is better to pav for several posts in advance, together with the postilions. By this amngement he auiy travel many hovrs without intcrmption.
On arriving at Paris or elsewhere, a hired carria^ should be immediately lent according to the direction receivea on ^"g«p»g it, in order to avoid disputes.
A sh)w but pleasant mode of travelling for some persons, is to maJEe a bargain with a man called a tH>iturier<, who keeps car- riages and horses, and will convey travellers with the same car- riage and horses to any pbce, and defray all their expences on the road for a fixed sam. The inconvenience of this mode of conveyance is, that the traveller must set off every momine very early, and stop, in the middle of the day, for at least two nours, to refresh the horses. The distance poformed daily is from 35 to 45 miles. Such carriages will carry a great deal of luggage, and are Terj convement for a family. The expense is |;enerally a guinea a oaj Ibr the journey, and as much for the voiturier to return; so th»t, if the ioumey lasts five days, the expense will be about 10 guineas; but different bareains may be made in differcBt places. There are two establishments of the kind in London: -that of Chabot and Pittet, White Bear, Piccadillv, and that of H. Dejean, 33, Haymarket. The charge is onlv 9 lonis from London to Paris, including everjr expense ; each person is allaiied a cwt. of luggage, and the journey is made in six days.
Conveyances of the same kind, but at a higher charge, may be kad at Calais. Return carriages of this description may some- limes be met with on reasonable terms. The driver always expects one or two francs a day.
Another way of travelling in France is to ride on horseback, which is called a franc Airier. The rider must then have a postilion to attend him. The luggage is carried in saddle-bags, ny the traveller's horse, and the postilion will also carry a port- manteau behind him, if it does not weigh more than 30 pounds. The noitiUon always rides before the traveller, who is not al- lowea on any account to pass him. If the party consists of more than thTee_persons, there must be two postuioos to con- duct them. A French post may generaUv be reckoned at 5 -^ niles, never more, sometimes less, particulariy near Paris. On
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XVI INTRODUCTION.
arriving at certain priyileged places called *'po8tes royales," and on departing from them, the iirst post is paid double, when the king is making a temporary stay in the town ; this extra charge commences at midnight after his majcsty's^arrival, and ceases at midnight after his departure. Supplementary charges for -J, 7, or whole posts are made at certain towns, in consequence of the road being very hilly, or for other causes.
The post-houses, being under the control of the government, a stranger can seldom be imposed upon, as a book is published every year by authority, callea/eLiVre desPostes^ which has an alphabetical list of all the post-roads in France, with their prin- cipal communications, and the number of posts on each road. Affixed to it is a map of France, on which the posts and half posts are likewise all carefully marked. The Liure da Pastes also contains the rules and regulations for posting, some of which we shall here insert, together with tables of the rate of posting, for the information of travellers. This book, never- theless, will be found of the greatest utility, and will prevent imposition.
Rbgulitiohs nBL&Tivi TO Posting.— Post-masters appointed by [the government are alone permitted to furnish horses to travellers. — ^The post-master must constantly reside at or near the post-house.— A postilion under 16 years of age cannot be hired.— Travellers are requested to enter every complaint they may have against the postilion or master, in a book which is kept at each post-house, and is regularW examined by the inspec- tors.— The post-master is answerable for any accident that may occur from the carelessness of the postilion, or restivenessof tbe horses. — ^Travellers are supplied m the exact order in which thcY, or their couriers, arrive : no exception being made, except in favour of mails or couriers with government dispatches. — A carriage drawn by 3 horses can carry only 140 lbs. of lug|;age — 100 lbs. behind, and 40 lbs. before.— The charge for the distance from one post-house to another must always be paid beforehand. — No post-carriage may pass another on the road, unless some accident happen to that which goes before.— Each post shall be run in the space of an hour.
ExrLARATIOR OF THB rOLLOWIHO TaBLB.
(First line) for ^ post for 1 horse, 38 centimes ;
— — for 2 horses, 75 centimes;
— — for 3 horses, I franc and 13 centimes ;
— — for 4 horses, 1 franc and 50 centimes j
— — for 5 horses, 1 franc and 88 centimes;
— — for 6 horses, 2 francs and 25 centimes ;
— — for 7 horses, 2 francs and 63 centimes ;
and so on.
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TEAVELLIITG IN FRANCE.
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XVllI
INTRODUCTiOIV.
TABLE OF POSTING.
The followine table shows the namber of horses reonired for cabriolets and foar-wheel carriages vfith shafts, called limo- nUres, and for foni^wheel carriages with poles; and the charge per poste.
IfUMBSa OF
psasoNs.
injMBBK or
HOaSBS.
CHABGB roa
BACH HORSB.
sun TOTAL.
1 or 2
CABRIOLET OR CHAISE. 2 I 1 fr. 50 c.
1
60
3fr. Oc. 4 hO
CALASH, WITH ONE SEAT AND POLE.
1or2 I 2 I 1 50 I 3 0
3 2 4 0
4 4 1 50 6 0
50
CARRUGE, WITH TWO SEATS AND SHAFTSc 1,2, or3 I 3 II 50 I 4
One fr. paid for each person exceeding three. BERUNE, OR OTHER CARRIAGE, WITH TWO SEATS AND POLE. I 50
|
1,2, 3, or 4 |
4 |
|
5 |
4 |
|
6 |
6 |
One fr. paid for each person exceeding six, and not more than six horses can be put to a berline.
One child under 10 years old is not reckoned. Two children of 10 Years and under reckon for one person, except -when one or both are under 3 years. Ten sous is paid for each child of 10 and under, above 2, except under 3 years old.
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INTRODUCTION.
SECTION in.
THE DIFFERENT ROUTES FROM LONDON TO PARIS.
The traveller will not fail to be struck, on his arrival in France, with the different aspect of the country to that which he has left. No hedges skirt the road, and the eye surveys for milcis one undivided expanse. The trees are no longer scattered over the meadows, but are cither planted in clumps , or in woods and forests. The paved roads remind the stranger of the chanee a few hours have effected. The English farmer will find little to admire in French husbandry ; but he will see little unculti- vated land. The villages bear strone symptoms of the poverty of their inhabitants. The neat garden of the English cottager is rarely to be seen ; nor are there any houses suited to Uie middling classes of society. A solitary chateau here and there, sometimes ready to fall, serves rather to create melanchoh than to enliven the scene. There are in every village a numi»er of land-holders, occupying, perhaps, a few roods only. As to idlers and mendicants, thev abound in all the hamlets of France. The fruit trees are planted, without any fence to protect them, along the side of the roads leading from the coast to Paris.
There are four principal and direct roads from London to Paris ; one by Dover ana Calais ; another by Dover and Bou- logne ; a third by Brighton and Dieppe ; and a fourth by South- ampton and Havre. The road by Dover and Calais, or Dover and Boulogne, is certainly the shortest, surest, and most expe- ditious ; but in scenery, and as it respects the beauty of the country, Dieppe is preferable, and the distance from London to Brighton is shorter than to Dover, and Dieppe is also 90 miles, nearer to Paris than Calais ; still, when the^ater length of the sea passage is considered, the former route will appear to have the advantage. The expenses by Dieppe are much less than by the Calais road.-«
No. I.— ROUTE TO PARIS BY CALAIS.
There are three roads from Calais to Paris ; one by Beauvais 32 posts and a half (about 178 English miles] ; another bv Amiens and Clermont, 34 posts and a half (about J 86 Englisn miles); and a third by St.-Omer and Amicus, 34 posts and a quarter (stbout J 84^English;^ miles).
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TRAVELI.INO IN FRANCE.
XXI
I.— — lOAD BY BEAUVAIS.
(UL^ntoHaiUlNiisaon. 1 7
Matqnue 1
Bociocn 14
Sner 2
Cormaot 1
JfoBiRiuL 1 1^
5ampoiil 1 -s-
Bcnay 1
NouTion 1
Abbbtillb If
Aixaincs 2^
FBOH rOSTS.
Ainincs to CBrntM ... 1 ^
Poix I A
Granvillien 1 |
ManeiUe if
BBAmrAia 2 4
Noailks If
Puiseux 1 V
Beaumont t \
MoiscUcs 14
Sairt-Dbhis 1 ^
PARIS 1
PotTf
«l*
CALAIS b m fortified tows, ntiiated on the strait which ^vet its name to ibe defmiBent. Thti strait being only 8 leagues across, is called by the Trench Ajnts (step) , and hence the de- V^xtBent is named le Pat^cCalais, Calais is a well built town, and the streets in general are broad and strait, but they have a doll and imwotonous appearance. The market-pbce, called la pUce'd^Armts^ is spacious, surrounded with euod hoajes, andsdomed with a town hall (HSulr-dc f^illt) . tiere ia preserved the haUoon in which Blanchard first crossed the sea, finom Dover to Calais, with an inscription in French and Endlish verse below it. In the principal room of the H6tel-de- Viuc is a fine portrait of Louis XV, when a youth, and an alle- gorical painting in honour of Du Belloy, author of the tragedy of the Sieee of Calais. The church, which was built by the Enelish, deserves attention. Ito architecture is good. The high alUr is of Italian marble, ornamented with 18 statues, and the painting over it is attributed to Vandyke. Here the traveller will be struck with the practice of ejr-vofo offerings, whicli are small plates of silver, representing an eye or an ear, a hand or a leg, which are attached to the altan, and have been placed there by persons who attribute their cure of some comnlaint to the intercession of the Virgin or the saints. The citaael of Calais is large and strong, and the barracks are hand- some. The walk on the nm|»arts is pleasant ; but the most amusing walk is the jetty or pier, which is long and narrow, and from which, in fine weather, Dover castle may be seen. The English were in possession of Calais for more than two cen- turies; irom 1347, when it was captured by Edward III (on which occasion Enstache-de-St.-Pierre and his companions show- ed their devoted patriotism), till 1&58, when it was retaken by the Duke de Guise, in the rei^ of queen Mary, who is said to have died of a broken heart m consequence.
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In front of the Hdtcl-de-Ville are bnsto of Cardinal Richelieu and the Duke de Guise. There is a public monument on the 'luay, erected to the memory of two cikisens of Calais, who were Irowned on the 18th of October, 1791, in endeavouring to save some shipwrecked sailors : there is also a smaU theatre.
The hotels that travellers ought to stop at, being the beat, and at which every convenience are to be met with, are Meurice's, RignoUe's, Quillacq*s, Dessin's, and Roberts's. — The mail goes from the H6tel Bourbon.— The diligence starts from No. 14, rue de la Mer.
The population of Calais is 7,000 souls, besides those in the faubourg St.-Pierre, which contains upwards of a thousand. In this faubourg are public gardens, where the middling and lower classes resort in an evening to dance, particular^ on Sun- days. The stranger will be gratified with the kind and oblig- ing manners of the inhabitants.
On the pier at Calais, is a small column on a marble pedes- tal surmounted bv a ball, with an inscription commemorating the restoration of Louis \V11I: there is also a brass pbte on the very spot where he first placed his foot on landing.
On leaving Calais, the traveller passes four or five gates and draw-bridges. The first gate, called la Porte^RoyaU, was built in 1635, under the minisby of Cardinal Richelieu. Having passed the faubourg, the road continues between fort Nieulaj on the right, and a canal on the left, along a uniform plain,the aspect of which is bv no means agreeable.
HAUT-BUISSON is a solitarv farm-house ; after which the country becomes more hilly and of an oolite limestone.
MARQUISE contains 1,800 inhabiUnts. About a league to the east are marble quarries and coal pits. We now leave to the right three sea-port towns, yiz. Wissant, Vimereux, and Ambletense, all much encumbered with sand, which gains greatly on this coast ; the two former places dispute with Bou« logne and Calais the honour of being the spot where Julius Caesar embarked to invade England. It was at Ambleteuse that James II landed after the revolution, in 1688. The coast of England may still be descried from neailv all the elevations of the road, like a long white border, whicn forms a striking contrast to the asure of the sea and sky.
Proceedine towards Boulogncy by an open and hiHy country, the road leads through an avenue of trees to the village of
WIMILLE, situated at the foot of two hills. In the church- yard close to the road is a handsome monument to the memory oftheunfortnnate aeronauts Pilatre de Rosier, and Romaine, who, attempting to cross to England in a balloon, it took fire at a neat beigtit, and they were precipitated to the ground and killed. An obelisk on the spot where Blancbard descended, when he came from Dover in a balloon, is to be seen near Calais, on the road to Ardres.
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T&AYELUHG 19 FIAHCE. XXiil
A suc^cMum of hills is bow crossed to Boulogne, presentmg Taiioas views of the sea sod that port. The country is better cultivated and seems more popnloas, but the English traveller wiU find it verr inferior to the landscapes between Londcm and Dover. About a mile from Boulogne, on a height, is a column of marble from the ouany of Mtfqnise, begun in honour of Na- poleon, hy the grand army destined u% inuade England, when encsmpea at l^nlogne in 1804. The first stone was laid with great pomp on the 9th of November in that year, by marshal Sonlt, assisted by a grenadier of each regiment. The pedestal of stone was to have been adorned with military and naval tro- phies, in bronxe ; and at each of the four angles with a large eagle of the same metal, similar to those on the pedestal of the eonunn in the pkce Vendome, at Paris. The top was to have been ornamented with Doric and Ionic architecture, surrounded with an iron ^ery, and surmounted by a colossal statue of Na* poleon in his imperial robes, the execution of which was en- iTUMied to M. Houden. A staircase in the interior, like that of Tnyan's pillar, would have led to the summit. The whole was to have been inclosed by a wall of white marble, having trees and grasa-plats within it. In 181 4, Louis Will ^ve onlers for the column, which had then scarcdy risen above its base, to be finished, in honour of the restoration of his own dynasty. The execution of this project was c«wiplcted in 1821. The colunm is tM French feet in height and 12 in diameter ; and instead of the colossal statue of Napoleon it is surmounted by a plain gilt g^obe, above which rises a crown.
BOULOGNE. — This town is supposed to sUnd upon the site of ancient Gtssoriacum, the capital of the JUorinii, in Caesar's time ; and here it is thoug^ht tnat Caligula committed the act of foUy recorded by Suetonius, of ordering his soldiers to rush on the sands and collect shells and pebbles, which he said, were spoils of the ocean, fit to adorn the Capitol. Boulogne is divided into the High and Low Town, both well built. The steep street v^hieh connects them is called la Grand Rue* The port is formed liy the small river liane, and was much enlarged and embellished by Napoleon, at the time he projected the invasion of England. Tne high town, situated on an eminence which commands the low town, it almost entirely inhabited by annuitants and the no- blesse, it i» snironnded by a rampart planted with trees, which forms a pleasant public vralk, and affords a beautiful prospect of the country in various directions ; on the west is a fine sea-view, and In clear weather the English coast is distinctly seen. On de- scending the Grande Rue to the low town we see on the right the Hotel de Sous-Prefecture, with an esplanade before it. The walk on the sands also, under the cliffs, is agreeable. The air of Bou- logne is pure and invigorating, and the establishment for sea- bathing constructed in 1825, attracts annually a ffroat number of invalids and other visitors. The building, which is 1 50 feet in length by 42 in breadth, is divided into two parts, the one for ladies
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Xxiv INTRODUCTION.
and the other for mntlemen. The former division comprehends a music-room with jiarps, pianos, other instruments, and music- books; an assembly-room, and a retiring-room. The division for gentlemen consists of an assembly-room, billiard-rooms, a reading-room, library, etc. An agreeable garden affords a -walk round the building, which commands a delightful view. Bein^ erected at the extremity of the port, on a slight elevation above Che beach, it resembles a temple of the Doric order when beheld ^om the sea. The bathing-machines run a short distance into the sea on a tinu sandy bottom, free from gravel and flints. On leaving the baths, the visitor, taking advantage of low tide, may proceed on foot, or in a carris^e, along the shore to Ambleteuse and Andresselles, pass Capc-Grinez, and return to Boulogne by 'Wimereux. and Wimillc. He may in his excursion visit the glass manufactory at Hardin^hen, and the celebrated marble^quarries at Ferques. The principal trade of the town is in fresh and salt fish, but it carries on a brisk contraband trade in'lirandy, wine, lace, silks, etc. The population consists of about 13,(MM) souls, besides the English, wno in time of peace often amount to a third of that number. There is a theatre at Boidogne, and a public garden for dancing. The hospital and the principal church, in which arc many ex-^oto pictures, are worth visiting. The public library is large and select, and contains some curious ancient manuscripts ; a copy of the Museum Florentinum, one of Seba*s Natural History, 3 vols, folio, and other rare and valu- ^^ able works. There is likewise a nublic museum, and a society of. '^ ! agriculture and the arts. At Boulogne the best inns are the Hotel ^ Ro:^al, the Boyal-Oak Hotel, and the Hotel d'Orleans, at all of ^. which there are most excellent accommodations ThediUgence '' stops at the Hotel-de-France ; the mail does not enter the town.
The road continues hillv between Boulogne and Montreuil. Samcr, formcrl)^ St.-Waimer, two posts from Boulogne, is remarkable for its ancient abbey. Not hr from thence lies Wiercs-aux-Bois, which possesses a chalybeate-spring, and is celebrated for the rich botanical garden of the baron du Cour- set, which is open to the inspection of amateurs. About half- way from Cormont we enter the forest of Longvilliers, half a leapue in length ; after which an extensive prospect opens, wil.« a view of Montreuil, on the summit of a rock. After passing a marshy piece of land nearly a mile long, the road crosses a bridge and the fortifications, and ascending a steep chalk-hill, enters
MONTREUIL, wliich has a population of about 4,000 sods, and is supposed to be impregnable, having only two entrances, which are closed by gates. This town was celebrated in ancient times, and many vestiges of its splendour remain, though it now offers a miserable contrast to the beauty of its situation. It was formerly divided into five parishes, and had as many churches, but one only remains. The church of Notre- Dame is a noble ruin. Sterne mentions this town.— Ion: Hotel-dc-France. ^ ,
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TfiAVELLUfG IK FAAllCE. XXV
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From Blovtreiul to Abbeville tbe comttrj is wood;^, mith a chalky soil, in some parts flat aBdi>arTen. After leaving Nam- pont, the road crosses the river Antbie, which separates the de- nartment of the Sonune from that of the PasHde-Calais. A tew miles further on begins the forest of Crecy, six or seven leagues in circnniference, memorable in English history ; and some Vineyards make their appearance, greatly resembling a planUCion of corrant or gooseberry bnshes. On the right, be* yood iVonvion, is the sea-port of Saint-Valery, near the mouth of the Somme ; a trading place with about 4,000 inhabitants.
ABBEVILLE, on the nver Somme, is a large, strong, and fine manufacturing town, containing about 20,000 inhabitants. Its famous cloth-manufactory has much degenerated, and the num- ber of its wealthy merchants is greatly reduced. The houses are chiefly of brick, and the onlv reamrkable buildings are tbe Found- ling hospital and the church of St.-Winnifred, the front of which is a very fine specimen of Gothic architecture. The ramparts form a public walk, and are planted with trees.
There is another road from Calais to Abbeville, by St.-Omer and Hesdin, and the delightful valley of Canchy. Between St.- Omer and Hesdin, the road ||^ss4^ near Agincourt, a spot immor^ taliscd, by the victory gained there by Henry V, October 25th, 1 41 6. The neat little fortified town of Hesdin is about half-way between Asincourt and Crecy. From Calais to Abbeville, by this road, tne distance is 15 posts. Those who wish to proceed to r lis through Rouen, may go from Abbeville to Eu, and thence t Dieppe, which is 12 leagues from Rouen, or they may proceed t Amiens and thence to Rouen. There is a small theatre at Ab- • ville.— Inn: Tete-de-Bo^uf.
M^IBSEILLE is a picturesque village in a pretty valley shaded with trees, and watered by the rivulet Herbonval' The country Hid out in general in corn-fields, is variegated here and there .• lib groves, each of which conceals a village, according to the custom in Picardy of surrounding every habitation with clumps <-r trees, orchards, and meadows.
BEAUYAIS, the chief town of the department of the Oisc, has about 14,000 inhabitants, mostly manumcturers of woollens and tape-try, the latter nearly equal to that of the Gobelins. Though buiU of wood, it is handsome. The streets are wide, and the houses neat ; the Grande Place is spacious, and the HStel-de- ' yiUe^ a modem edifice of good architecture. The cathedral was never finished : all that exists is the choir and the transept, which, with the nave, were destined to have formed a Latin cross. The choir, from its elevation and the richness of its pointed architecture, is highly worthy of a visit. It contains some fine painted glass, the tomb of cardinal Janson, by the cele- brated sculptor Costou, and three admirable pieces of tapestr}' ; one representing the Healing of the Paralytic, is a masterpiece.
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XXVI INTEODUCTIOff.
The church of St.-£tieiuie is a Gothic baildinfi;, with some painted windows in good preservation. On the exterior of the north wall is a monument m relief, thought to be Roman ; and in the inside, is a fine painting of Christ bearing the cross.
There are some mineral springs and a theatre in this town.
The origin of Beauvais is unknown, but its antiquity is incon- testable. It can boast of never havinjg been taken, thoueh often besieged, and has thence been denominated la pucelle. In 1 443, the English were repulsed from it ; and in 1472, being besieged by the Burgundians, it was saved by the courage of a woman, named Jane Hachette, who, putting herself at the head of a troop of women, flew to the rampart, snatched the standard of the enemy just planted there, and threw the soldier who held it into the ditch. In memory of this action, a solemn annual procession takes place, July the 10th, when the women walk first.
There is no town in France which, considering its population, has produced so many illustrious men as Beauvais. Among them are the famous lawyer Loysel ; the abbe Dubos, and Cenglet DufrcsnOY, authors ; Restaut the grammarian, and Le Vaillaint the traveller and antiquary ; the two Villiers de I'lle-Adam, one marshal of France under Charlies Vil, in the 15th century, the other grand-master of Malta ; and the learned Dominican, Vin- cent-de-Beauvais, preceptor to the children of St. Louis. Several councils were held at Beauvais, one of which, in 1 1 1 4, was remark- able for the excommunication of the emperor Henry Y.— Inn : II6tel d'Angkterre.
The road from Beauvais is pleasant from the^ variety of the views and- the rural aspect of the country, which is also fertile in corn-fields.
BEAUMONT, a small town of 2,000 inhabitants, is agreeably situated on one of the hills which border the rich valley of the river Oise.
Nothing remarkable is met with between this Place and Paris, except the town of Saint-Denis, for which, and the neighbouring^ spots, see Environ* of Paris.
II.— -KOAD BY AMIBNS AND CLKBMOlilT.
FROM POSTS.
Calais to Abbeville ... 13 -f
Ailly-le-haut-clocher . • 1 •
Picquigny 2i
Amibns 1 7
Uebecourt 1
Flers 1
Bretcml 1 -J
Wavignies 1 *,
PKOM POSTS.
Wavignies to Saint-Just 1
CLsaMoivT 2
Laigneville 1 t
Chaktillt It
Luzarches ' 1 -^
Eoouen 1 "s
Saint-Dbnis 1-5
PARIS 1
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TRAVELLUfG XHT FEAKCB. ZXVli
The Toad pusses throng the marshy vaBev of the river &,,..«.«, chiefty remaiiahle for peat or turf. Half a league from Pk- qnigny is an andent camp, in a good state of nresenration, attnbiited to Caesar, but, iirom its fom, it is probaUy a work of the Gauls.
AMIE5S is seen at a considerable distance, in the midst of fiel^ entirelj destitute of trees. The lofty and beautifbl cathe- dni of this ancient capital of Picaidy produces an extraordinary efSeel, which justifies the celebri^ it has obtained. It was begun by feverard. Bishop of the diocese in 1220, and continued by nis successor, Godefroy. Their tombs, in bronie, stand on each side of tbe grand entrance. The height of the nave and the delicacy of the pilars, 126 in number, of which 44 are detached, diiefly excite the admiration of visitors. Three circular windows of painted glass are very fine. There are many monuments in the interior; particulariy one behind the choir, of a weeping child, in white marble. In one of the chapels is part of the scuU of John the Baptist, brought from Constant tinople in 1206. This beautiful church is 366 feet long, 60 broad including the chapels, and 132 in height. The nave is tbe finest in France; and it is commonly said that to form a perfect church, it should have the nave of Amiens, the choir of Beauvais, the front of Rheims, and the steeple of Chartret. Tbe pulpit, with the three statues which support it, repre- senting the three theological virtues, is much admired, and the stalls of the choir are as fine a piece of workmanship as exists. They were finished in 1&19.
Amiens is an episcopal see, and the seat of a prefecture, a civil tribunal, ana a foyal court. It has also a royal college and a large hospital. The town, containing 40,000 inhab»- tanta, is in general well built, both of brick and stone, and has several broad straight streets. The ramparts form a pleasant walk round the town ; and the public promenade, called CAutoy, is delightful. It is an island, surrounded by canals, and inter- sected by magnificent avenues of lofty tufted trees. The river Soflime runs through Amiens, and being cut into numerous canals, gives one part of it the appearance of a Dutch town.
Amiens is remarkable in history for having been taken by an ingenious stratagem of the Spaniards in 1597 ; but it was soon retaken by Hemy IV of France, in person. Here also the short- lived peace between France and England was signed in 1802.
The name of Amiens is derived from the people called Am- hianU of whom it was the capital in the time of Cesar, and u mentioned by him, in his Commentaries, under the name Samor robrwa ; the Roman emperors freouently visited it, when they came into Gaul. It has producea some eminent characters, among whom were Gahrielle tTEstrees, the favourite mistress of Henry IV ; Voiture ; Peter the Hermit, who preaehed the first crusade ; the famous botanists John and Gaspard Bauhin ; the
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XXVm IWTRODUCTIOW.
learned Ducange ; and Rohaalt, an expoonder of the Garteaiaii philosophy.
Amiens is generallv considered a cheap and pleasant residence, in consequence of Mrhich many En^ish families of small income dwell there. The pates of Amiens are sent all over France. There is a small theatre in the tonvn. Inn i^HStel de la Postc. The diligence-ofiBce and post-house are in the roe des Corde- liers. The manufactures are linens and woollens ; the latter employ 10,000 workmen. The genuine Picardy costume n&ay be witnessed here on a market-day, and will afford much entex^ tainment to the traveller. The men's powdered heads, and the women's grotesque blue petticoats are remarkably striking.
The country between Amiens and Breteuil consists, in general, of extensive fields, shaded with pear and apple-trees. A^cnl- ture is carried on upon a large scale here, and the soil u very fertile.
About a quarter of a league before we reach Clermont, the road traverses the village of Fitzjames, near which is a seat of the Duke of that name, a descendant of James 11 of England.
CLERMONT, which has about 2,000 inhabitanU, is a small old town, prettily situated on the summit of a steep hill, sur- rounded with wood. The Romans called this place Claroman^ tium, and had a depot there. The painted glass in the win- dows of the castle is worthy of attention. The post-house is in the rue des Fontaines, and the dili^ence-ofBce at the Sabre^ de-hois. The ancient chateau of tne Conde family is new a house of correction ; the terrace round it commands an cxten*- sive prospect.
The territory of Liancour, belonging to the Duke de la Roche- foucauld-Liancour, between Clermont and Laigneville, is devot- ed to what the French farmers call la petite culture. It is lUce a garden sown with peas, haricots, and vegetables of every kind ; with hemp, flax, rape, hops, etc., and covered with all sorts of fruit-trees, and vines.
CHANTILLY* was once famed for the beauty of its park and
Sleasure-munds, the s{>lendour of its palace, and the heroic eeds of tne Montmorencies and Condes who inhabited it. At the Revolution it was nearly ruined. The buildings, etc., how- ever, which still remain, are well worth a visit. Inn : H6tel dAngleterre.
After passing the forest of ChantiUy, the country near Lnzar- ches and as far as Ecouen ^s varied and picturesque. The ma|;- nificent chateau, built at Ecouen by Anne de Montmorency, m the reign of Francis I, still remains. The park is remarkable for some fine plantations and pretty views. From Ecouen, the road proceeds through St.-Denis to Paris.
* See EnTiBoira or Paris.
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TRAVKLLIITG IH FEANCE. UUX
III.— lOAO BT 8T. 0H» AND AMURS.
VmOM FOSTS.
Calais to Aidres 2
KeconsK 1
Samt-Omxe 2
Aire 2
Lfl/ere 1 i
Pernes 1 ^
raoH riMTs.
Femes to St.-Pol .... i -^
Frevent 1 i.
Donllens 2
Talmas 1 {
Amicus 2
PARIS 15 t
Posts 844
TrsTcniiie the fanboiiT^ of Calais, and leaving to the rieht the Toad to Boulooie and Abbeville, and soon after to the left the road to Graveiines, we pass through a country of marshes, aneadows and fields, for about three fourths of the distance, when we come to a Tery remarkable bridge, called sans-'pmreii, where the two canals from St.-Omer to Calais, and. from Ardres to GraTclines, meet. A league and a half from Ardres is the small towu of Guires, and between them the field of the **cloth of gold,** so called from the fsmons interview which took place there between Francis 1 of France, and Henry VIII of England. Ardres U a small but very strong town. The road does not pass throogh it. Beyond Ardres the road and the counfary both improve.
SAIIVT-OMER is a large, dull, but curious town, containing about 20,000 inhabitants. Its most remarkable building is the Gothic cathedral, which contains a very fine organ, a painting by Rubens, a colossal statue known bv the name of Grand Dieu de Th^rotuinney a curious clock, etc. The church of the College^ with its spires and roof of wood, is also, wortJi seeing; as well as the remains of the abbey of St. Bertin , etc. The coUtte possesses a library containing 10,000 vob. Canals branch off to Calais and to Aire.
AIRE, a very strong and neat town, contains about 6,000 souls. The Hdlet-de-f^iUe, on thtgrande place, has a fine effect; the church of St.-Paul is a handsome Gothic structure. The bar- racJu can receive 6,000 men.
The road from Aire toLillers is excellent, and diversified with mimeroas villages and verdant meadows, planted with fruit trees. The same aspect of country, though occasionally hilly, continues to Donllens, which is remariuibie for its citadel, one of the largest in France. Nothing worthy of notice presents it self between Doullens and Amiens.
No. II.— ROUTE FROM DIEPPE TO PARIS. There are two routes from Dieppe to Paris. One by Gisors, 20 posts (about 110 mUes) ; the other by Rouen, 22 -f posts (shout 1 2b miles^ . The diligence takes the latter road.
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XXX INTRODUCTION.
I.*-H10AD BY GISORS.
PROM POSTS.
DiBPPE to Bois-Robert ..If
Pommercval 2
Forges 3
<xouraay 2-^
Talmontier l^
Gisors 1 *
«OM POSTS ^
Gison to Chars ..... 2
Pontoisc 2-2
Herblay 1 *
SAIIfT-DlItlS 2
PARtS J
Posts 20
DiBPPB is a large handsome town of great antiquity, and is mcn^ tiioned in liistonr as earl^ as 1 195, when, being in possession of Ricbard Cceur-de-Lion, it was sacked by Philqp Augustus. Its name is supposed to be a corruption of Deep, as a river which flaws in the contiguous valley was thus called. It is situated at the mouth of the river Arques, which forms a long narrow harbour, between roeks on the one side and a quai on the other. It was bombarded and almost destroyed by the English in 1694. The town was soon after rebuilt upon a larger scale, and on the 14th September 1803, two English bomb-vesseU threw 160 shells within its walls without doing any serious mischief. Dieppe is considerably longer than it is wide, the streets are straight, and the houses, although low, are regular; they are in general built of brick and tiles and coloured yellow, white or pale red. In the Place Royale the houses are more lofty ; and the Grande Rue is remarkable for its breadth and the elegance of its shops. Some of the houses are supported by arcades of red or ycUow bricks. The town is abundantly supplied with water which is distributed by means of several fountains. Besides two or three chapels and a Protestant temple, Dieppe possesses two churches, the one de- dicated to St*. Jacques and the other to St. Remi. The church of St. Jacques, founded in the 13th century, is a fine specimen of Gothic architecture ; the portico is wrought with remarkable delicacy, and the lofty tower, which commands an extensive prospect, bears a striking resemblance to the Tour de St.-Jacques- de-la-Boucherie at Pans. The windows present some remains of fine ancient painted glass, and in one of the chapels is a bas- relief supposed to be a monument of the devotion of the ancient navigators of Dieppe. According to tradition St. Jacques was built by the English, but all modern writers agree in affirming that there is no foundation for such an opinion. The church of St. Remi, begun in 1523, presents a mixture of Gothic and Greek architecture. The grana entrance and the two doors of the transept are in the latter style. In the chapel of the Virgin is a monument to the memory of Sigogne, governor of Dieppe, who died in 1582, and his son. Opposite is the monument of Mon- tigny, governor of tlie town, who died in 1675. In one of the towers is preserved a remarkable font, the ornaments of which
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TRAYEIXIlfG IN FRAHTCE. XXxi
win aflbrd an uiple field for the co^jeetures of the «Miqianr. The castle, aitnated to the west of the town, wts hmk st dtf'- ferent periods since 1 435, from nHiich year the most ancient part of the stmctnie now eiistin|p dates. It at present serves for barracks. If the tourist can obtain permission to visit the castle, he will he hi^ly eratified with the view commanded Iroim its sommit. Amon^ tne modem improvements of Dieppe, the principal are the openme of a canal, and the constmction of an establishment for sea bathing, a theatre and a doch. The ettahlishment of baths is sitnated on the beach at the foot of tLe rock which is crowned hj the castle; it consists of an elegant building ornamented With light Ionic columns, divided into two parts, the one fisr ladies and the other for gentlemen. From two paviUona at the extremities flights of steps lead down to the sea, at the edge of which are pitched tents for the convenience of bathers. The accommodations afforded by this establishment, and the advantages of the warm baths of sea vrater situated in the town, attract annually a great number of ^ invalids and other visitors to Dieppe, which is a scene of gaiety during the fine season, particularly as it is honoured almost every ^ear with a visit from the Duchess of Beny, who has contributed in no small degree to the prosperity of the town. Doring the bathing season balls and concerts are iven almost every evening in the concert room at the warm aths. The theatre, erected on the shore near the sea baths, is elegant, commodioos and tastefully decorated. The canal be- gun at the southern extremity of the harbour, and passing throu^ Arques, Nenfchatel, Forces and the valley du Therain will join the Oise, and enable heavy boats to proceed from Dieppe to Faris in four days. The dock situated in a meadow below the promenade calleid le Court is very spacious. Upon the jetty at Dieppe is an inscription as a memorial of the landLne of the Duchess of Angoul^me at that port in 1815, upon her retom to France after the hurried drama of the Hundred Days. The principal trade of Dieppe consists in fish, toys, and articles in ivory. Its chief imports are wood, iron and coals from northern countries.
This port being nearer Paris than any other, it supplies the capital with a great quantity of fish. Merchant vessels only can «nter the harbour, ships of the line not being able to approach nearer than the outer roadstead. There are three excellent hotels where the best accommodation is to be met with, viz. Tayhn^s Hotel, H6tel Royal and Hotel d' Albion.
The costume, and particularly the head-dress of the women at Dieppe, is very singular. The population is 20,000 souls. Dieppe may boast or being the birth place of several cele- brated men, among whom is the renowned admiral Duquesiie. On the cliff, about a mile to the east, is an immense Celtic en- caaipment in the finest preservation. Many other antiquities
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XXXll IWTRODUCTIOW.
in the "vicinity of Dieppe are iivorthy of a visit from tke tra* veller who is not pressed for time, particnlai^y the remains of the once fortified castle of Arcpes.
FORGES is celehrated for its mineral waters, and is mnch fre- quented in summer.
GOURNAY is in a fertile country, and renowned for its butter.
GISORS, on the small river Epte, has a population of 3,500 souls. A {^at trade in iron is carried on here ; the church is decorated with superb windows of painted gUss and several or- naments in sculpture. The chateau was built by Philifk Augustus, towards the end of the 12th century, and is very curious.
PONTOISE was formerly celebrated for a strone castle, taken by straUgem, in 1438, by the English under lord Clifford. It being winter, and the snow falling heavy in the night, lord Clif- ford ordered his men to put their shirts over their clothes, advance before day-break close to the town, and lie concealed in the snow. As soon as the gates were opened, they rushed in, and thus took the town by surprise. The church of St.-Ma- clou contains a tomb of Christ, or the 16th century, with seven figures in alabaster, larger than life.
II. ^ROAD BY ROUElf.
There are two roads from Rouen to Paris ; one called the high road, la route d*en haut, by Ecouis and Pontoise, which is the shortest; the other, the low road, or la route den has; which is by far the most agreeable, and presents some of the most beautiful and picturesque scenery in France. It runs nearly the whole way along the side of the Seine. We shall first notice the route den haut.
raoM POSTS.
DisppB to Omonville ... 2
Totes 1 ^
Gambres 1 ^
RousN 2
Forge-Fcret 1 ^
Bour^-Baudouin 1
Ecoms 1 i*
FROM POSTS.
Ecouis to Thilliers .... 2
Magny ^ . 2
Bordean de Vigny .... 1 i
Pontoise 2
HerbUy • 1
SAIIfT-bllflS 2
PARIS 1
Posts 22 1
The road from Dienpe to Rouen is hiQy, and the country agree- able. It is enclosed, woody, populous, well cultivated, and much resembles many parts of &{^and.
ROUEN is an ancient town, but the epoch of its foundation is imknown. It is one of the largest, richest, most populous, and most commercial places in France. It contains 81,000>itthabi-
* From Herblaj to Coarbavoie i jpott aod a half, and from the latter place to Paris i po»tf renders tki« road half a pott shorter.
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TRAVBLLIHG IH FBANCE. XJJUll
tents. It -was formerly tkc capital of Normandy, and it now the daef flace of the department of the Seine Infefiewet hat a court of ^Ppcal od other inferior tribunals, and is also the see of an arcubishoD. Roncn is situated on a pkin surrounded by hills, on the ri§nt bank of the Seine, over which is a curious bridge of boats, invented by a friar, which rises and falls with l^e tide, and opens to afford a passage for vessels, and ice in wibrer. It is composed of timber, resting upon 19 barges, and is about 330 yards in length ; it was be^un in the year 1626, and costs annually about 10,000 fir. to keep it in repair. Just below the bridge there is a celebrated ruin of 1 1 arches of an ancient stone bridge, built by the empress Matilda, daughter of Henry 1 of England. The streets are in general nanow and crooked, and many of the houses are of wood.
Amone the public edifices at Rouen, the most remarkable is the cathedral, which was begun by William the Conqueror, and is one of the finest gothic structures in France. The front is admirable ; one of its towers is 286 feet in height ; another tower, of wood, 895 feet in height, was act on fire bv lightning, in 1822, and entirely destroyed, as well as part of the roof. It has been re- built m cast iron, under the direction of the celebrated Alavoine, and is 41 0 feet in elevation. In the interior is the tomb of RoUo, and some other remarkable monuments. The church of St.- Ouen, though not so large as the cathedral, is of more elegant and delicate architecture s that of St.-Madon is also much admired. In the Il6tel-de~f^illei formeriv the Renedictine convent of St.-Ouen, is a fine public library oi more than 70,000 volumes, and a gallery of paintings. There is a good theatre at Rouen, and several excellent inns. In the Mareke-^mx'Che- vtnix is a statue of Joan of Arc, who is said to have been burnt on that spot. The boulevards, planted with four rows of trees, are very pleasant, and the part called the Com, by the side of the river, is a scene of great commercial actirity.
Fontenelle and the brothers Comeille were bora at Rouen. Inns : HSul de Lisieux and M6ul FatUl.
From a chalk kill, called mont Ste.'-Catherine, about a quarter of a league from Rouen, on the Paris road, a delightful prospect may be had of Rouen and the surrounding country, and no traveller ought to omit to gam the ascent, which wall well repa^ ** the scaler^s toil."
There is a conveyance by water from Rouen to Paris, and several steam-boats bave been started, by vdiich travellers can reach Paris in three davs ; if they are not pressed for time, no mode of travelling can be more agreeable, as the banks of the river are dothed with the most picturesque and beautiful land- scapes. These steam-boats however do not afford the usual accommodations of passage-boats, being principally for the transport of merchanoise.
The high road from Rouen to Paris presents nothing remark- able ; but it is good, and one of the most frequented in France.
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XXXIV
IfiTTRODUCTlOV,
FROM POSTS.
BiEPPB to Houen .... 7
Port-^aint-Ouen .... 1 ^
Lonviers 2
Gailloii H
Vernon 1
Bonnieres 1 f
Passing through a fertile and cultivated coiintiy, it leaves the Seine on the right. The diligence performs the journey in about 12 hours. We shall now describe the route d^en has,
PaOH POSTS.
Bonnieres to Mantes . . 1 ^
Meiilan 2 ^
Triel ]
ST.-GBaMAlIV-BII-LATB . 1 ^
Courbevoie 1 •^
PARIS 1
Posts 24 ^
At Port-St.-Oaen is a ma^ificent view. From this place, the traveller, instead of proceeding to Yaudreuil, may take the road to Lonviers, famous for its woollen cloth, which is sent to all parts of France. The distance is the same by either road.
The magnificent chateau of Gaillon, which formerly belonged to the archbishop of Rouen, is now a House of Correction. The view from it is very extensive.
VERNON is delightfully situated, and has a bridge over the Seine. Here is' an old castle and a high tower, monnmcnts of the middle ages.
A few miles before we reach Mantes, we see, to the left» Rosnv, the celebrated mansion of tlie great Sully, minister and friend of Henry IV. It is now the property of the duchess of Berry.
MANTES is a pretty small town, pleasantlv situated on the Seine, and is connected with the islands in the river by a l<Ni^ bridge. The principal church is a fine Gothic buildmg. Ic was at the sie^e of Mantes that William the Conqueror received the wound which soon after occasioned his death. Mantes waa the burial place of John king of France. There is a good inia called Hotel de la P^ste.
MEULAN has a royal palace built upon a lofty eminence, and a forest well stocked with game.
After passing Poissy, the road enters the forest of St.-Oe«w main, and traversinjg that town, passes by Marly, Mafanaiaon, Nanterre, Courbevoie, and Neuilly to Puis.*
No. III.-ROUTE FROM HAVRE TO PARIS.
PROM POSTS.
Havrb to La Botte ... 2
Bolbec 1 i
Yvctot 2 f
Barentin 2-;
from PosTa^
Barentin to Roraii ... 2 PARIS, bv the rotOed'en
haut% IS «
Posts
26 JL
* For tbase pUces m« the EiiTimom or Paris. S By the roote d^«o bM, the diauocc b i po«l
pott and • litlf aoM.
TBAVfiLUnG IN FRANCE. XXXT
HAVRE tns foviMled by Louis XII, in 1&09. Francis I forti- fied it, and cardinal Richelieu bailt the citadel at his own expense. The coast is high and rockv, and to the east, on an ele^rated point of bnd, are two beautiiul light-houses, to which the tourist will find a delightful walk, about two niiles in length. The atmosphere of Havre is extremely damp, and consequently bunbrourabletomanY constitutions; it is calculated tnat on the STcn^e rain falls during 210 days in the year. The popn> Jation, including foreigners, is computed at 30,000 souls. The town, which is situated at the mouth of the Seine, contains 82 quays and streets, snrolied with water by 20 fountains, and has a good harbour. It is only accessible to carriages by the road and gate of Ingourille ; the streets in gen^l are narrow aad the nouses disfigured by wooden frame-work. The me de Paris, which traverses the town from north to south, is a fine street, affoidlnfi; a magnificent view of the sea and the coast of Honilenr ; this is the most commercial and at the same time the most elegant street in Havre ; it passes througli a place planted with elms, having on one side a nandsome theatre aad on the other a vast basin for trading vessels. At a short distance from the theatre is a convent built in 1823, and beyond it the market-place called ia Cannibate after M. de CannibaJc, to whom the ground on which it is formed be- longed. At the top of the market-place is an edifice named le Pretoirej in which is placed the public library of Havre, consisting of 15,000 volumes, and possessing a bust of Bemar- din deSt.-FiciTe in marble. The church of Notre-Damc is situ- ated in the rue de Paris: it was baUt in 1&74 and is 240 feet in length. Its form is a cross, and its architecture is a mixture of the ancient and modern styles. The southern part of the stmctnre is flanked by a tower which formeriy served as a light- house. The interior presents nothing remarkable in point of architcctiire ; the organ, presented by cairdinal Richelieu, is line, and the choir is ornamented with figures of tlie 12 apostles, at the head of whom St. Bartholomew armed with a cutlass is cooapicuons- The church-yard, no longer used as a borial-qround, is planted vrith trees and serves for a public promenade. At the extremity of the me de Paris are two edifices that date from the foundation of the town ; the one is called Boule-Ronde, from its form, the other is the ancient HoteL-de-Ville, built by Chillou. Near this spot is a mean building which serves for an Exchange. At the beginning of the rue des Ck>rderies, next theporte du Perry, is a building formerly the residence of the governor of the town, but now used as an H6tel-de-Ville, which commands a magnificent view of the sea. The place d'armes is boimded on the south by the port aux Pilotes, where the boats which sa|^y the markets of Havre and Honfleur are stationed. The cpiays are remarkably fine ; the grand quai is separated from the petit quai by a smaU custom-house of a quadrangnlar fonn. This huiUing, as well as the Exchangee, is imoi^enijently
XXXvi IHTKODtJCTION. j
situated, beinq at a distance from the centre of the tovn. The petit quai leads to a swivel bridge which connects the qmurlin \ Noti-e-Dame with the quartier Su-Francois. Here is si- | taated the old dock called Bassin du Jioif which will contain i 38 vessels ; formerly none but king's ships were allowed to enter it. Round the dock are the arsenal and magazines of the royal nav^. In the centre of the quarter St.-Franf ois stands a church dedicated to that saint, the choir of which is much lower than the nave, the building not having been finished after the original plan. The tobacco and snuff manufactory in this part of the town is an extensive establishment. Contiguous o it is an edifice formerly a convent, which serves for bonded warehouses. The dock called Bassin de la Barre is an im- mense reservoir capable of containing 200 vessels. This dock communicates by means of a sluice with the Bassin du Com" merce, which can also receive 200 vessels. Besides the three docks already mentioned there is an immense reservoir called the FloridCf destined to clear the port from sand and other obstructions by means of a sudden discharge of its water. Near the Florida are two basins, forming what is called a pare for the preservation of oysters, turtle, lobsters, crawfish, etc. of which a great quantity is sent from hence to Paris. At a short distance from the pare is the jetty, upon which stands a small light-house. The third quartier of Havre, called Ut yfiasse-rilley is modem ; the streets are straight, the honsea elee|ant, and the spacious squares are surrounded with fine buildings. This being the fashionable part of the town the rents in general are as high as at Pans. The ramparts in this direction form an agreeable promenade. The walls of Havre in general arc in good repair, and the gates are five in number. The citadel, situated on the north-east, communicates with a large tract of eround named Place Marlborough. The barracks will contain about 1,500 men. The port was finished under the auspices of Louis XVI, and Napoleon made many improvements. Havre is one of the most commercial and flourishing towns in France, and is particularly celebrated for its manufactories of lace, tobacco, vitriol, etc.— Inn : Hotel du Bibn^P^enu. A fine steam-packet has been established from Havre to Rouen, which {lerforms the voyage in about eight hours, passing through a beautiful country.
HARFLEUK, on the road to Bolbec, is celebrated in Eng- lish history, for its siege and capture under Henry V. Bolbec is a small, clean, and lively manufacturiiig town, situated in a narrow valley ; the head-dresses of the females generally ex- cite attention. The town was rebuilt in 1764, after a destruc- tive fire. Here are many Protestants ; and the trade is -^ ery considerable. The whole of the road, from Havre to Kouen, is through a fertile, rich, and picturesque country."
" for road from Room to Puri*, ««e pugo TVX^Ip
TRAVELLIKG llf FRANCE. XXXvii
Another road from Havre to Rouen, hy lillebonnc and Crade1>ec, is still more interesting, and occasionally presents Biagnificent 'views of the windings of the Seine; bat it is not always easy to |»rocnrc horses.
No. IV.— ROUTE FROM DUNKIRK TO PARIS.
There are three roads firom Ihmkirk to Paris; one by Aniens, S4 posts ; another by St.-Omer and Amiens, 36} posts ; and tha third by Utte,38f]K>stt.
I. ROAD BY AMIENS.
raov POSTS.
1)oii«.iRK to Bergnes . . 1
Cassel 2 :-
Hazebronck 1 7
TROH POSTS.
Aire I 4
PARIS 27 ^
Posts 3i
DUNKIRK is one of the best hnilt towns in France. It in a Uacue in circumference, and its population is nearly 30,000 soiSs. Most of the houses are only one story in elevation. The Champ-de-Mars is a large handsome square, surrounded by neat houses. In the midst of the place Dauphine, planted with trees, is a bust of the celebrated mariner Jean Bart. The only remarkable building h the chnrch of St-Eloi, in the fruit of which is a portico of<en fine Corinthian columns, in imitation of that of the Pantheon at Rome.
Dunkirk was one of the strongest places in Europe under Louis XIV; but it was dismantled and iu fort destroyed after the peace of Utrecht, in 1713. Its present fortifications are insignificant, but the new port can contain 40 ships of the line, and there are two drr docks for building vessels. The Dunkirk roadstead is one of the finest in Eur<^, and its port was formerly one of the most frequented in France.
The country from Dunkirk to Bergues is flat, but rich, and the road runs alongside the canal.
BERGUES is a fortified and commercial town, with about ^,000 inhabitants. In the church of St.-Winox arc 14 small pilasters painted on copper, attributed to Robert Van Hoecq. A paved road continnes through a rich woody plain to
CASSEL, a neat clean town, chieflv rcmartiblc for being situated on the most lofty hill in Flanders, it being about 360 leet high. The view from it is perhaps unequalled by any in thcwond.
The road from Cassel to Aire passes in the midst of fields,
• groves, and orchards. The jjround appears a complete garden
soil, and the cultivation consists of oleaf^ous and leguminous
plants, tolAicco, hops, natural and artificial meadows, all kinds
d
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:kxxviii
INTRODUCTION.
of Cniit trees, and chimps of fijie forest trees regularly cot only once in 60 years. Cattle and buUer are the chief productions.
HAiLEBROUCR is a pleasant town, delightfaUy situated. It contains a fine places with a superb H6tei-de-f^iUet adorned with porticoes supporting a Doric colonnade of free- stone, which is the more extraordinary, as, in this part of the country, stone is as precious as marble at London or Paris. This town has two theatres, and abounds with wealthy inhabi- tanu.
AIRE and the remainder of the road through Amiens to Paris have been described.*
II. ^ROAD BY ST.-OMER AND AMIENS.
raoM POSTS.
Bfiif KiKK to Gravelines . 2 4
Recousse 2
St.-Omer 2
PaOM POSTS.
St.-Omer to Amiens . . . 13 | PARIS 15-:
Posts 35 J
The road from Recousse to Amiens, and from thence to Paris, has been already described.
1II.«— lOAD BY LIIXK 01 LISLS.
FEOH POSTS.
DvifKiRK to Be^iues . . 1
Gassel 2 i
Bailleul 2 1
Armenti^res 1 ^
LlI^LB 2
Pont-a-Marcq^ 1 i
DouAT 2 i
Bac-Aubencheul . .
Cambrat ........ 1
Bonavy 1 ,
Fins 1 ^
Peronne $ 2
Maxche*le-Pot 1 |
t\
. FROM POSTS.
,Marche-Ie-Pot to Fonches 1
Roye 1
Conchy4es-Pots . .... 1 -;
Cuvilly 1
Goumay 1
Bois-le-Lihus 1 *
Pontj-Saint-Maxence . . 1 -f
Scnlis 1 ^
LaChapelle 1
Louvres ] |.
Boureet 1 ^
PARIS 1 "
Posts
The road from Dunkirk to Gassel is described at p. xxxvii.
LILLE is a large strong town, situated on tM Deule. It was founded in the 17th centui}', on marshy ground, sur- rounded by water, from which it derived iu name. Most of the streets are regular and well built, particularly the rice royaie^
* See p. zxiK. S Anoihet
•ttl SMlly
TOMd from LiUe to Peroniie w by Orvm, Um, Irrw, ErTill«rs, Th* auAMr of po«u is like now. •
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TRA YELLING lif PRAHCE. XXX1&
vUch would not diagnce the proudcit city. It* nodcm edi- fices display good taste, of whidi the most remarkahle arc the general hospital, the coiii magazines, and the Jtfdce/wle-^t//tf. There is also a good theatre. At Lille great use is made of large dogs for drawing carts. The population is about 00,000 souls ; the chief manufactures are soap, oil, lace, and wooUen and cotton cloths. There are two inns, 'vix. the NStei--de' Gand and the HSul-de-Bourhon ; the former is comfortable and commodious.
The citadel of Lille is one of the finest and stnmgest in Europe. The town was taken bt the duke of Marlhwongh, in 1708, and was severely bombarded b^r the Austrian8,in 1703. Round liile there are more than 200 wind-mills, which gi^e it a singular appearance.
From Lille, instead of following the road pointed out, the traveller may go to Ams by Donay, a large, strong, and hand- some town, on the Scarpe, with 19,000 innabitants.
ARRAS, the chief town of the Pa»-de-Calai$, formerly capita] of Artois, is also on the Scarpe, and is an ancient, la^e, populous, and very strong town. The barracks in the citadel, by Vauban, form a magnificent building. The town is handsome, most of the houses being built of stone, and several fliories high. The squares are magnificent, and the two largest, which mte contiguous, are surrounded with houses in the Gothic shrle, supported by arcades. The cathedral b veiy large ; the pillars and architecture of the choir and transept are much admired, but the rest of the building is not eqiudly elegant. The architect, it is said, died before Uie work was completed. There ate seven parish-churches. The public library is one of the finest u France, and contains a collection of ancient m<mu- ments of art formed during the RetolntioB. The walk on the glacis and ramparts is very pleasant, the manufactures are woollens, linens, hosiery, sugar, leather, etc. The inns are the Soleit'tTOr and the Ijondon Hotel.
^ SENLIS, on the small river Nonette, contains 4,500 inha- bitants ; it is a very ancient town, but presents nothing remack*- ablc except the cathedral, the steeple of which is one of the highest in France. A bloody engagement took place here in iSl4, between Bluchcrand generals Vandamme and Grouchy. The manufactures are cotton, paper, lace, and buttons ; it has a celebrated manufactory of porcelain, and bleaching crounds. The inn is good. Nothing worthy of notice occurs between this place and the environs of Paris.
No. v.— ROUTE FROM OSTEND TO PARIS.
There are two roads from Osteitd to Paris ; one by Dunkirk 41^ posts; and the other by IJlle 44 posts.
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xl
INTRODUCTION.
I.— -ROAD BY DUNKIRK.
FAOM POSTS.
Osteiid to Ghistel .... 1 Furnes 3 1
PROM POSTS.
Dnnkirk* 2 4
PARIS 34
Posts
4f
U.— ROAD BY LItLB.
FROM POSTS.
Ostend to Fumes .... A -j
Ronsbrugge 2 4
Ypres 2 }
PROM POSTS.
Ypres to LilleC 4
PARIS 30
Posts
44
OSTEND contains 12,000 inhabiUnts, and is a consider^ abletown in the Netherlandsi with a good porti though the entrance is rather dangerous, except at high water. The dis- tance from Margate to Ostend is 72 miles. The houses in. general are low, but wcU built, and the town-hall, erected in nil, is a handsome structure. There is a canal from it to Bruges. The inns are good and comfortable. Ostend is remark- able for having endured, in the beginning of the 17th century-, one of the longest sieges recorded in modem history, when it resisted the power or the Spaniards for 39 months, and at length capitulated on honourable terms. Some fine specimens of the Flemish masters are to be seen here. — Inn : Udtel- Bellevue. Between this port and London, a very fine steam- packet, in which there is excellent accommodation, runs once or twice a -week.
No. VI. — ROUTE FROM IlELVOETSLUYS THROUGH ANTWERP AND BRUSSELS TO PARIS.
PROM POSTS.
Hclvoetsluys to Brill . . 1 J
RoTTERnAU 2 -^
StT>'ei)saas 3 ^
Moerdyk
Breda 2 J
Grotzcndcrt 2
Gooring 1 i
Antwerp 2 x
Mechlin 2 f
Vilvorde \\
Brussels 1 -^
Hal 2
PROM POSTS.
Hal to La Genette ... 1 i
Soignies 1 ^
Mons 2
Boussu . 1 -^
Quicvrain . \ \
Yalemcibrbes 1 7
Bouchain 2 •;
Cahrrat 2
Bonavy 1 *
Fins 1 i
Pcronnc** 2
PARIS 161
Posts
* For road from Daakirk to Parii, see page xxxvii.
S For road from Lille lo Paris, mc page zxxviii.
** For road from Pironae to Parity •«« pag« xxx^iii.
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60:
TRAYBLLING IN FRAHCE. xll
HELVOETSLUYS is a strong aca-Dort in the island of Vooni, aad is the principal port for the F-»giiA packets from Harwich. It is a neat town, built on the banks of the great sluice fron which it derives its name, and the harbour can contain the whole navy of Holland.
The road from HelToeUloTS to Brill lies throogh a conntty resembling the fens of Lincolnshire, planted with lofty trees, and iDterspersed with farm-honses. Brill is a fortified sea- port, and the capital of the island of Voom, at the mouth of the Meuse. The harbour can conuin 300 vesselsi and the number of the inhabitants, who are mostly fishermen or pilots, is about 3,000. Brill was taken from the' Spaniards b? the Dutch, in 1572, and there the foundation of the Batavian republic was laid. It gave birth to the celebrated admiral Tromp, and to the vice-admiral de Viiit, A coach and a bctat start every day for Rotterdam, and once a week for Amsterdam, the Hagne, and Schiedam. The principal inn is the Golden Lion,
To travel by land it is necessary previously to cross the ferry to Mauslandsluys. A boat, which conveys the coach, will take both passengers and carriages. From Mauslandsluys, a bean- tifnl village, the road leads through meadows and corn-fields, and the country presents a perfect unbroken level, like an immense marsh or bog drained by canals and ditches. The most pleasant way from Brill to Rotterdam is to sail up the river. Schuyis, in passage boats, at very moderate fares, sail every tide at low water, and reach Rotterdam in about three hours. The river, crowded with ships, presents at every binding the most interesting views.
ROTTERDAM, seated at the confluence of the Rotte and the Meuse, is second only to Amsterdam in size, in the beaut}r of its buildings, and in commerce and riches. Its population is about 56,000 souls. The strecU are intersected with canals Ixirdered with trees, and are deep enough for (he largest ships to onload at the doors of the warehouses. The finest street is the Boommiay, extending a mile and a half along the river. The cathedral is the only church worthy of notice. The brass balnstradcy which separates the choir from the nave, is much admired, and the organ is very fine. There are some hand- some monuments in this church, and the view from the tower includes aihaoBt the whole of south Holland. The stntne of Erasmus, in bronze, stands on an arch crossuig one of the canals, and the house in which he was bom is still shown. The Exchange is a neat building. The mills for sawing wood are numerous, and being high, and painted in a whimsicaL snanncr, present a singular appearance. The best inns are the Botui Herrd, and the Marechal de Turenne.
The traveller may tontinne his jouniey from Rotterdam to Bnissels by posting, (he diligence, or the boat called 'J 'tec ft- schuj't, A diligence starts for Antwerp every day, and
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xlii INTRODUCTroW.
TrecksckuyU set out almost ever; hour. The latter afford the cheapest and pleaaantest mode of conveyance, but the fonuer is more expeditious.
ANTWERP is surrounded hy numberless villas and mitdens, nvhich ODve their existence to that brilliant period when this city -was the emporium of the commerce or the world. In 1 568 it contained 1 50,000 inhabitants. It has now only 56,000 ; but it is still esteemed the capital of Dutch Brabant. The numerous stately buildings, in the old Gothic style, which Antwerp yet contains, testify its former grandeur. 'The street called Place de Mer is almost unrivalled in its extraordinary breadth and lenf^th, the sumptuoosness of its houses, and the splendour of every thine in its neighbourhood. The city is in the form of a semicircle, -and about seven miles in circum- ference. The Scheldt, on which it stands, is 20 feet deep at low water, and vessels anchor close to theouays. The docks, arse* nal, and all the public works are on the grandest scale. The citadel is extremely formidable. Napoleon expended immense ■urns in improving the harbour and fortifications of this town.
The cathedral contains some of the finest paintings of the best Flemish masters, and is one of the noblest structures on the continent; its spire is 460 feet high, and is beautifully carved. In the church of St. James is a monument in honour of Rubens; the painted windows also are much admired. In the church of the Dominicans are some valuable paintings of Rnbens and Vandyke ; the former of whom is buried there ; and in the church-yard is a very remarkable representation of Mount Calvary. The church of St. Augnstin also fmssesses some works of the same painters ; and in mat of St. Walbnrgh is the justly-celebrated altar-piece by Rubens, called the E feta- tion of the Cross.
The Bixchange of Antwerp was the model of that of London. It cost 300,000 crowns of the lOth centnry. The town-house is a noble edifice, entirely of marble. The.public library con- tains 15,000 volumes, but is not otherwise remarkable. — Inn : HStel ttAngleterre,
Travellers not pressed for time may proceed from Antwerp to Brussels by the canal.
MECHLIN or MAI.I5KS, so celebrated for its lace, is situated on the Djie, and contains about 20,000 inhabitants. The cathedral,' 350 feet high, is a grand pile of building, begun in the 12th century, but not finished till the 15th. There arc some other churclhes worth visiting, as they all contain paintings by Rubens, Vandyke, and oAcr (j^cat masters of the Flemish school. Near the Antwerp gate is the famous convent of the BeguineSt the chapel of which is an elegant building, and con- tains some valuable pictures. The ramparts of Mechlin aflord an agreeable walk.
On quilting Mechlin, we cross the canal o^^tuain, and pas»
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tkr«iigh a level, baf luxnmiit coantry to YUvorde, the chiiKh of which is -worth visiting. The catying of the staBs of the choir ii not inferior to that of an; cathedral in Belnnm. Tindal, the translator of the New Testament, niffefed martyrdom here in 1536.
The most coavenient and pleasant 'way from Vilrorde to Brassels is by the canal, the banks of which are nearly co- rered with country-houses and pleasnie-gronnds. The magni- ficent palace of Schcenberi;, of which the canal affords a com- plete view, will principally attract the stranger's attention. On apprcmcfaine the city, we enUr the celebrated walk called tAlUe yertt^ composed of a triple row of trees on the banks of the canal.
BRUSSELS, mid to be aeren miles in circumference, is the capital of the kingdom of the Netherlands, and ia sitnated on the river Seme. So long ago as the year 900, it had a castle, and was once surrounded with a stone wall, some ruins of which still exist. A minnte description of this fine citv, its e«lificea, and remarkable objects, would occupy a volume. For an accurate account of both its ancient and modem state, we refer the reader to '* GalignanPs Traveller* s Guide through Holland and Belgium** In the same work will be found all the detaib the traveller can wish respecting the field of Waterioo, which is about nine miles from Brussels. It was alioiit the 13th century that John 11, duke of Brabant, coni' menced the palace, in front of which there is a spacious square ; and at one of the gates of the park stands the pleasure- honae built bv order of Charles V. The turret of the U6tel- de^f^iUet 364 feet hic;h, is an admirable specimen of Gothic architecture, and on the top is a statue of St.-Michael .17 feet high* which turns irith tne wind. The opera-house, and the palace of Lacken, are deservedly objects of interest. In 169& this citj suffered much from bombardment, when 14 beautiful churches and 4,S00 houses were burnt. Brussels is celebrated for iu lace. The ti6tel de l* Europe, place Bojale, is a good hotel.
The road from Brussels to Hal, and indeed all the way to the French frontiers, is veiy beautiful. It is varied by a succes- sion of hills and valleys, which form a pleasing contrast to the marshy flats of Holland and the open country of France. The cottages which appear at ever^ turn of the road, are clean, and substantial, and the soil is in the highest state of cuillivation.
MONS, which contains 22,000 inhabitants, is built on a hillt in a marshy soil through which the rivers Trouille and Haine flow. It was formerly the capital of Austrian Hainault. The principal buildings are the castle, said to have been built by Julius Caesar, the town-hall, and the church ; the latter is a fine building-; the side altars arc all of jasper, and there
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is a reinarkable marble tomb. A celebrated battle (Jemappe) was fougbt near Mons, in 1792.
From Mons the traveller may take another road to Paris, by Maubeuge, Laon, and Soissons.
Immediately after leaving Quincorain, the second post from Mons, the road enters France and conducts us to
VALENCIENNES, a town containing about 30,000 inhabi- tants. It was founded by the emperor Valentine in 867, who invited criminals to come there in order to people it. It is large and strong, pleasantly situated on the Scheldt, and pos- sesses a citadel by Vauban. In 1793, it surrendered to the allied army, under the duke of York, after a very severe siege. The historian Froissart and the painter Watteau were bom here. It has manufactories of lace, woollens, etc. The best inn is the Pot-d^Etain.
BOUCHAIN has nothing to recommend it to notice but the strength of its fortifications.
CAMBRAY, though a very ancient town, with about 14,000 inhabitants, possesses no remarkable edifice or monument of art worthy to detain the traveller, except the cathedral and the new abbey church, so celebrated for its pictures, in imi* tation of bas-reliefs, by a painter of Antwerp. The remains of the virtuous Fenelon were once deposited in the old cathedral here, which is now pulled down. It had formerly many convents, and among them one of English nuns. Its manufac- tures are lace, linen cloth, cambrics, and soap. The best ini^ is the Grand Canard,
SAINT-QUENTIN contains about 11,000 inhabitants, and has very* extensive manufactories of linen, lace, and candtrics. The cathedral is a fine Gothic building.
From CUVILLY, the traveller may ttum off to Gompiegnc, a fine royal palace with a noble forest,* from whence lie may proceed to raris instead of following the direct road indicateii above.
* Sec Ervikons or PARik.
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SECTION IV.
ARRIVAL AND SOJOURN IN PARIS.
Within two or three da\s after reaching Paris, the trtveUcr should present his temporary passport at the Prefecture of Police, when lus original one will be returned, if he puiposes to make onlj a short stay in the French canital, by havmg it counter- signed immediately, and the next place he' intends to visit spe- cified, future trouble will be avoided. If he proposes to remain for a considerable time at Paris, the orifpnal passport can be left at the Prefecture of the Police till within a few days previous to his departure. Many travellers leave their passports with the keeper or the hotel, who for a small fee takes the trouble upon himself. In his excursions through Paris, the tourist would do well to carry his passport about him, as it will obtain him ad- mission to several museums, and is convenient in case of emer- gency.
Travellers will find, in everj- part of Paris, comfortable lodg- ings, which may be had by the night, week, or month ; but in tne great hotels apartments are seldom Jet for less than a week. In Uie spacious and elegant hotels in the fashionable quarters of Paris, the charge for apartments is high, but in the faubourgs, and the interior of the city, it is mdderate. An agreement should always be made (even for a single night) previous to taking apart- ments in any hotel ; the price of a bed-room for one night varies from 2 to S francs. Furnished apartments may also be had in private houses, and there are several boarding-houses upon different scales of charge, both French and English.* Untur- nifthed apartments may also be easily obtained, but not for less than three months. Furniture may be procured from uphol- sterers, or purchased cheap at second-hand shops. To furnish i9 perhaps the most economical plan for those who mtend to make a long stay in Paris.
We shafl here specify the precautions which slrangers would do well to take, when hiring lodgings, in order to prevent sub- sequent disputes. No lodgings should be taken without a written agreement signed by both parties, each of which should have a copy ', this agreement should be upon stamped paper. A paper setting forth the state of the apartments as it concerns locks, keys, and bolts, the chimney-pieces, looking-glasses, etc., should be drawn up and signed by both parties, as the tenant is held
* For bat hoult and boarding-faotun, see Pimii Diimtokt.
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liable to leave them in good condition upon quitting. The term for which furnished apartments are considered to be hired » corresponds with the agreement for rent. Thus if the rent is so much a year, the tenant is compelled to hold them for a year ; if at so much a month, for a month, etc. If the tenant couti- nues to hold an apartment beyond the term agreed on, without opposition from the landlord, tlie conditions of the tenure are considered the same as for tbe term. In furnished hotels neither the landlord nor the tenant is bound to give notice to quit. Receipts given are admitted in proof of the amount of the rent, in case an^ litigation arises. When an apartment is hired, it is usual to give a trifle as earnest-money to the porter. When a lease is contracted with any landlord other than that of a fur- nished hotel, the tenant and the landlord are respectively bound to give notice, namely, six weeks when the rent is under 400 fr. a year, and a quarter when it is above that sum. When the rent amounts to 4000 fr. a year, or in case the tenant holds a whole house or a very extensive suite of apartments, six months' notice is requisite. Notice to quit must be given in writing, and the back of the last receipt may be used for that purpose. As soon as notice to quit is given, the tenant cannot refuse to show the apartments to persons who come with a view to hire, pro- vided it is not at an unseasonable hour in the morning or at night. The quarter days in France are the 8th of January, April, July and October, for rents of 400 fr. a year and under ; and the 15th of the same ntontbs for rents above that amount. In case of quitting, the keys should be given up by noon at latest. The personal and furniture tax is at the charge of the tenant. The door and window tax is also at his charge, except he has an agreement to the contrary with his landlord. The buddlord bein^ liable for the taxes of the tenant, has it in his power to detain the furniture unless the tenant proves that he has paid up his taxes, or leaves a deposit for tneir payment. The minor repairs required in the interior of an apartment are at the charge of the tenant.
in whatever hotel the traveller may fix himself, it is not necessary that he should take his meals there ; if he pays for kis apartment, it is all that is required. He may either breakfast and dine at a cafe or restaurant^ or order what he pleases to be sent to his own room. There are generally coffee-houses, and restau- rateurs and traiteurs in the neighbourhood of every furnished hotel, from which a stranger may be supplied with every thing he needs. But it is more advantageous lot a single person to re- sort to the restaurateur's for dinner, though a family or a party- are often well served at home. The restaurateurs and traiteurs charge rather more for the dinners they send out than for those served at home.
To an' English traveller no hotel in Paris ofTers so many advan- tages as Meurice's hotel, No. 323, nie St. Houore. It is situated
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ui a ine and agrcesble spot near the palace and garden of die Toilcries. A.partmcnU may be lud by the day, breakfasts are served in the coffee-room or in private apartments, and visitors iBsy dine at the tabic tThSte or in their own rooms. A list is presented to the stranger, which contains the charge for every article, s^rTants, etc. The bill is sent in every week ; the linen is washed three miles from Paris w^th soap, and not beaten or brushed, as a the costom generally in France. The greatest regu- tariry prevails in forwarding and delivering letters, and informa- tion or every kind is furnished. From the first of November until the end of May, Mr. Menrice makes arrangements with single persmis or Csmilies, as boarders by the day or by the month, either at the table d*h6ie, or in their apartments, wine and every thing included, except wood, which they are at liberty to par- chase. He also lets lodgings without board by the day, week, or month. In this hotel there is an office for changing toioney ; and confidential couriers, interpreters, return carriages for Calais, Boulogne, and all parts of the Continent, etc. may be obtained. HOURS FOR MEALS.— Before the Revolution, when two or three o'clock was the latest hour for dinuev, the French seldom ate a vef^ular breakfast, but contented themselves with bread and wine, or some fruit. But dnrine the last 80 years, men of bnsi> ness in Paris having multiplied greatly, the mode of living is entirely changed. A substantial breakfast, called dejeune a ta fourchette, is commonW taken between ten and twelve, and the dinner is put off till nve, six, or seven, in many families, tea is taken.at ten or eleven o'clock at night.
CkSt&.^—CaJes abound in Paris, particularly in the principal streets and the boulevards. It is impossible to conceive either their number, variety, or elegance, without having seen them. In no other city is there any thing to resemble them; and they are not only uidqne, but in every vray adapted for convenience and amusement. Among a more domestic or less gay people than the French, one tenth part of the number would not find sup« port ; but in Paris many are crowded to excess, and almost all are wrell frequented. There are Parisians, and many strangers, who lounge away ncarH' the whole of the day in cafes, of which there arc at least 2,000,' without reckoning a number of an infe- rior order. In no places is the difference of character between the English and the French so fully displayed as in these houses. In London, the parties in the coffee-houses are silent and select ; except those near the Royal Exchange, frequented by men of buaimesa. In Paria, all classes mix together, strangers converse vritli each other, some play at dominoes, some read the news- papers arid periodical puMications, and others sip their coffee, unnk their sugar and water, or eigoy their glass of lemonade or liqufur. Every one who enters is greeted by what the English tcmriat woold call the bar^maid, but which the Frenchman re<- [>;apds as the presiding divinity of the place. Attired in an elegant
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costiime and frequently adorned with jewels, she occnpies an elevated seat, where, amidst the fulsome compliments of dan- dies and the gaze of vul^^ar eyes, she directs the service and receives the money. A Frenchman would deem it sacrilege to omit taking off his hat and paying his respects with a bow, both on entering and departing. Ladies, as well as gentlemen, fre- quent the cafes to take refreshment. The waiters are active and attentive, and as the charge for every article is generally pre- sented in a printed bill, the stranger is not liable to imposition.
Regular dinners are not generally served at the coffee-houses, as in jLondon, but at many of them may be had dejeuners a la fourchetle, either hot or cold, at which all sorts of delicacies, substantial food, and rare wines are furnished.
The cafest as well as the dining-rooms of the restaurateurs, are not divided into boxes as in England, but the whole room is thrown open "and small tables arranged in it. The effect produced by the numerous magnificent objects with which the caf^ are adorned is very striking. Statues, vases, time-pieces, columns^ and lamps, multiplied to thousands by immense mirrors, mingled with the various groups of different nations distributed round the room, eigoying their respective luxuries, form altogether ar imposing scenel Nay, even the lowest cafes ^ to which we de- scend by a dirty flight of steps, are embellished with mirrors, vases, etc. which, contrasted with the shabby furniture, presen' a most extraordinary appearance.
In the Palais-Royal and its vicinity there are subterraneaii haunts where the stranger, if he ventures to enter, should b-.- upon his guard against the designs of the courtesan and the pick pocket.
The charge for refreshments is nearly the same hi all. Thc> give tea at all the coffee-houses. When Cafe Estaminei ts written up, it implies that smokins is permitted. In frequentin;; such places, it is prudent to avoid political matters. The foUoM ing are a few of the principal cafes :^
Gavb ub Foy, Palais-Royal. (See pa'ge 185.)
Cafe db la Rbgence.— This very old established house, in thr place du Palais-Royal, is famous for chess-players. It was th** favourite resort of the celebrated Philidor, who at the game c»i chess was without a rival. It was also frequented by Jean Jacques Rousseau, and other distinguished men. Although the most celebrated chess-players are now dead, interesting parties are formed here, who pass hours at the game in profound silence.
Cafe de la Rotonde, Palais-Royal. (See page 185, where several other good cqftso( the Palais-Royal are noticed).
Cafe Tobtomi, Boulevard des Italiens. — This cafe is cele- brated for ices, and as the rendezvous of fashionables, particu- larly in the summer. Persons of the haut ton flock to Tortoni's after the opera, to take ices. The ladies freifuently have them brought to their carriages. In the evening, this cafe is the resort of speculators in the funds, and much business is transacted.
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Ckti. H4110T, boalevard des Italkns, corner of rac d*Artots. G&FB DK Pakis, comer of the rue Tattbont, boulevard des luliens. Cats Tii&c.-(Sec Jaidih Tcac, page &68.) Cavk OB la Bocasb kt on CoMMBaca, rue Vivienne, at the comer of the rue dcs FUIes<^t .-Thomas. The refreshments arc excellent. It possesses a billiard room kept by Charrier, the most siilfol plajer in Paris. Breakfasts, hot and cold, and dinners, at home or abroad.
RESTAURATEURS and TRAITEURS.— Formerly, privileged persons alone could keep eating-houses in Paris. In'l 7G5 a cook freed the public from this restraint, and having prepared a room for refreshments, placed over the door the following parody of a passage of Scripture : '* Venite ad me omnes qui stoniacho'labo- ratls, et ego restaurabo vos." — ^This attempt was successful; and afterwards, when the Revolution brought many strangers to Paris, and the domestic habits of the Parisians were altered, these establishments increased every year, and are now to be found in all parts of Paris. In the restaurants there is generally presented a biQ of fare called la carte, with the price of every aiiiclc, and some of these bills contain upwards of 300 dishes.
Lidies frequent the restauraniSy as well as the cafes. In these honses there are generally private rooms called cabinets particulierst in which two friends or a party may dine in private. To become acquainted with the best dishes, a little practice is required ; in chusing wines, uin ordinaire, or wines not exceed- ing 3 francs a bottle should be taken, as, unless one desires to have that of the very best quality, the intermediate wines are hardly to be distinguished. Tne j^ourmand may dine in Paris much more luxuriously than he can in London for the same charge. Besides the principal and second rate restaurateurs, where the dinner is a la carle, there are other houses where dinners are served for a fixed sum per head. At the best of these houses a plentiful dinner, including wine, may be had for two francs. In the vici- nity of the Palais-Royal, however, and indeed in most parts of Paris, a dinner may l>e had for 30, 25, and even 22 sons. To give an idea how luxury and economy may be combined, it is only necessary to observe, that soup, 3 dishes at choice, a dessert, bread, and a portion of wioe, may be had for 22 sous.
There is also another class of cooks in Paris, called traiteurs, or petty restaurateurs, whose principal business is to send out dishes, or dinners ready dressed to oraer. A family residing in lodgings, or at an hotel, will find it the cheaocst mode to make a bargain with the traiteur, to be supplied tor a fixed period, with a certain number of dishes daily, at any hour agreed upon. A person may also dine at some of these places, but it is n6t con- amred eomme ilfauJt.
The reilauranU are nearly as numerous and as splendidly
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adorned as the cafet. To the latter it it coafomaiy to retire immediately after dinner, to take a demi-iasse of coffee, and a petit verre de liqueur, instead of sittins over the bottle as in Eii{^land. Coffee may however be had at the restaurants. For lists of restaurateursj see Vknis DiaBCTORT. In concluding, we cannot help adverting to the absurd pre- judice still prevalent in England aeainstthe natives of France, for eating frogs, which is deemed Ly the English to be a mark of poverty and wretchedness. The truth is, that the French do eat fried and fricasseed frogs, which are of a peculiar kind, fat- tened in a particular manner, and of which it requires a mat number to make a small dish, as the thighs only are naed for that purpose. They are an acknowledged and exquisite laiury, and are rarely to be met with except ordered beforehand, on account of the excessively high price.
READING ROOMS AND aftCULATING LIBRARIES.— There are manv establishments of this kind in Paris; but the most distinguished and most frequented by Frenchmen and foreigners, particularly Englishmen, is that of Messrs. Gatignaiiiy No. 18, rue Vivienne, which is conducted on a most extensive scale. The reading rooms are spacious and handsome, fur- nished with maps, and are well liehted and aired. The tables are covered with all the periodical publications worthy of notice; the newspapers of America, and every European nation, pamphlets, monthly and quarterly magazines, the army and navy lists, etc. etc., and upwards of 20,000 volumea in the English, French, Italian, German, and Spanish languages. Contiguous to the rooms is a garden, for the use of the sub- scribers. The philosopher, the politician, and the student, mnjr here enjoy their favourite pursuits, whilst the victims of ennui may pass their hours with pleasure and advantage.
the terms of subscription are per day 10 sous, a fortnight 4 francs, a month 6 francs.
The CiacfiL Ktivo Library of Messrs. Galignani, is conspiciiona among several in Paris for the best selection and greatest number of volumes. The subscription is by the fortnight, or month.
STREETS OP PARIS.— The streets of Paris were first paved under Philip Augustus, but until the reign of Louis \IV, thev were obstructed by heaps of rubbish, dung, and ordnre, which had been collecting for ten years aeainstthe.wall^ of some of the houseit. Since that period, they have gradually improved, hut still are very dirty during the greater part of the year. The old streets in general are narrow and crooked, but those of modern date are wide and handsome, and when a project of the count de Chabrol for improving them shall have been fully earned into execution, they will be unequalled by those of any city in Eu- rope. Already many new streets have been opened, others widened, and considerable progress h«s been made in forminf; (tone foot wa vs. ^ ,
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It was not till the year 1728 tKat the uteful plan wa» adopt H of placing the names of streets and sqnares in a conspicuous situation ; tnd the naiies then gi^en to them remained without variation till the Revolution. Previous to that period , there was scarcdj a street in Paris that had not changed its denominaliou several times, and these changes generally had their origin in some /nVolons circumstance, such as the name of a distinguished personage, or a singular sign which excited the public curiosity, or an extraordinary event that had occurred in them. Several streets derived their name from4heir habitual filthiness, others from the robberies and murders committed in them, and otherii from being haunts of debauchery. The traveller will find it useful to jiay particular attention to the system of numberinq the houses in Paris, which is far superior to that of the British capital. Every street, quay, and boulevard presents on one side a series of even numbers; whilst on the other, the series of numbers is uneven. The streets parallel with the course of the Seine are distinguished by red inscriptions and numbers, and the series of numbers begins at the most elevated point of the river. In the streets perpendicular to the Seine, the numbers are black, and the series begins at the point nearest to the river. Until the reign of Louis XVI, Paris was lighted during only nine months of the Year, and then never except in the absence of the moonlight. Tnat monarch decreed its continuance during the whole year; as in London, it is lighted by lamps with reflectors, but in "Paris they are mostlj hong in the middle of the street. Lighting by gas has been mtroduced into a great number of eafts and shops, but is not generally adopted for the streets. The streets and public ways of Paris contain a superficies of about 7,^00,000 French square feet; for repainng which, 1,088,000 new paving stones are consumed annually, at an expense of l,dOO,000 fir. The number of lamps for lighting is 4,533, having 10,672 burners, exclusive of 482 lamps be- lonnng to pubtic establishments.
SERVANTS.-^In almost every furnished hotel there are ser- ^rantswho may be hired for a month, fortnight, week, or day. The charge is generally 4 or 5 francs a day, as they find them- selves with every thing. They are called laguais de place.
COMMISSIONAIRES.— Porters, under this name, are found aiC the comers of all the principal streets. Letters or parcels of any kind may be safely entrusted to them, and their charges are moderate, varying according to the weight or the distance, from 10 to 30 sous.
INTERPRETERS.— There are in Paris interpreters of every lungiuige in Europe and the East, and offices held by sworn translators.
DILIGENCES .^Diligences, or sUge-coaches, for all parU of France, and even most foreign countries by means of corres- ponding conveyances, will be found at* the JMessageries
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Royalest 22, me Notre-Dune-des-ViGtoires, and at UiBtte, CaiUard aiid Go's., 128, rue St.-Houore; but, as it sometimes occurs that all the places in these are previously engaged, or that the hours of departure are not convenient, 'we here give a list of the above and other offices where public conveyances may be found.
Calais. — There are two coaches to Calais daily, from the Messageries Hoyales^ 22, rue Notre-Dame-des-Victoircs : tlie first starts at 9 o'clock in the morning ; the second leaves at five in the afternoon. The latter diligence passes one day by Amiens and St.-Omer, and the other oy Amiens and Abbeville. Two other coaches start from Laffitte, Caillard and Go.'s, 128, rue St.-Honore, one at 8 o'clock in the morning, bv Beauvais, and the other every other day, by St.-Omer at 4 o'clocV in the aftemoou. Another very good coach starts daiU from No. 13, rue de la Jussienne, at noon ; the proprietors are French and English. At either of the above coach offices, travellers can be booaed for London.
RouB.^ and Dieppe.— A coach starts for Dieppe, by Rouen, from Laffilte, Caillard, andCo.'s, 128, rue St.-Honore, at six o'clock in the morning. Another coach, les Jumelles, leaves No. 9, rue du Bouloy, every evening at ten. Two coaches set out from the Messageries Roy ales ^ 22, rue Notrc-Dame-dcs- Victoires, one at six in the morning, and the other at half past five in the evening. Other coaches start, viz. the f^elocijerest from the hotel des Femiest rue du Bouloy, at 6 in the evening by the lower road, and at 6 in the morning by the upper road ; from 53, rue Montmartre, every evening at 7 o'clock, and at a quarter before 11, by the lower road.
Every evening at 6 and also at 10, from the h6iel dcs Gaules, No. ll) rue Coq-Heron.
Haveb.- LaUittc, Caillard and Co.'s, 128, rue Saint-Honore, at 6 in the evening; les Jumelies, No. 9, rue du Bouloy, every evening at six ; Alessagcrics RoyalcSi every evening at six ; tbc P^cloctjhes, rue du Bouloy (see Rouen); Messageries du Commerce^ 23, rue du Bouloy, every evening at 6 o'clock; h6teltUs Gaulesy 11, rue Coq-Heron\see Rouen).
Tub following List or Convetakces will be rorNO vsbpui..
Rue du Bouloy, No. 24.— Voitures, every day, for Orleans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, Fontainebleau, Amiens, Lille, Dun- kirk, Brussels, Antwerp, Amsterdam, Dort, Rotterdam, Liege, Maestriclit, Aix-la-Cliapellc, Cologne, Coblcntz, Frankfort, etc.
Rue du houloy^ No. 9.- Chartres, Orleans, Rheims.
Rue du Bouloy f No. 23.->-Chantilly, Amiens, AhbeviUc, Lille, St.-Omer, Caen, and Fontainebleau.
Rue St,- Mar tin. No. 247.- Mortefontaiuc.
Rue St.'PauL No. 28.— M«luii, Joigny, Sens, Montercan, Chalons-sur-Seine, Lyons.
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Rue det Fieux Augustim^ No. 13.-^DiligCBce for Sens, MontcTcau.
Rue du Faubourg St.-DeniSf No. &0.-^Diligeiic« for Com- piegne, Seolis, Pontoisc, Nanteuil, Chaleau-Thierry, ChantiUy, etc.
Rue des Deux- Ecus, No. 23. — Anxcrre, Sens, JoiguY* Dijon., Cour des Fontaines, No. 2.— Nantes, RJamboiiilleC, Qiartres, le Mans, Angers.
Rue du Faubourg-Saint'DeniSf No. 51. — MortefonCaine, ErmenonviUe. Rue Cog-Heron, No. 7. — (Means. Rue ttSnfer, No. 78.— Blois.
Rue des FossesS t.- Germain- 1 A uxerrois, No. 26. — Dili- gences for Chartrcs, Vend6nie, Tours.
Rue CroijC'des-Petiu- Champs, No. J2— GoacLes for Fon- taineblean, twice a day.
Rue Dauphine, No. 26. — ^Voitures for Fontaincblcau and Nemoors.
Rue Gtl-le-CceuTy No. 6, h6tel de Toulouse, — Vclnrinos for Lyons, Geneva, Avignon, Marseilles, Nice, Montpellicr, Nismes, Tonloase, Bordeaux, Bayonne, and all Southern France, Lausanne and all Switzerland, Turin, Milan, Rome, Naples, and every part of Italy.
Rue Gtt'le-Ceeur, No. 11, h6tel Moniauban. Carriages maj also he engaged at pleasure for all the above places, and also for Prussia, Hanover, Poland, and Austria.
CARRIAGES, HACKNEY COACHES, CABRIOLETS, AND STAGES.— Several thousand private carriages, of all descrip- tions, are kept in Paris. The voitures de remise (glass coaches), 470 in number, may be hired by the day or month, at from 20 to 30 fr. a day, or from 400 to &00 fr. a month. They will go a certain distance out of Paris, but must be back again before ■lidnight, unless a particular agreement be made.
The Hackney-coaches, called fiacres, are about 900 in num- ber. A drive [rom any part of Paris to another without stopping is 30 sous, from six in the morning to midnight ; but they may he taken by the hour, and then the first hour is 45 sous, and each following nonr 35. It is customary to give the coachman a few sous above his fare. From midnight to six in the morning the fares are 2 fr. a drive, and 3 fr. an hour. All vehicles are num- bered both within and without; and it is advisable to take notice of the number, in case of any accident or insolence of the driver. Immediate redress, and with little trouble, can al- ways be had at the Bureau de la Police pour les voitures publiffues, No. 31, rue Guenegaud. It is unnecessary to make a personal application, as a complaint by letter is promptly attended to.
The Cabriofels are covered vehicles on two wheels, the driver of which sits in the inside with the passenger. ^Thev, will hold
liv IMTRODUCTION.
two persons besides the driver. They generally go faster than thi? fiacres, but their cover is not always a shelter ag;ainst rain. The charge for a drive is 25 sous, from six in the morning to mid- night; the first hour 35, and each following hour 30 sous; but 30, 40, and 35, are generally given, if tliey drive quick. •From midnight to six in the morning the drive is 35 sous and the hour 3 fr. 10 sous. The number for the service of the interior of Paris is 765; these will not go beyond the barriers without a particular agreement. There are also cabriolets de la regie, tor which 30 sous are paid for the drive, and by the hour the charge is 40 sous. Arter midnight the fares are 36 sous a drive, and 50 sous an hour. The badness of the streets causes these ve- hicles to be in great request, and they give Paris a very restless appearance.
The fiacres and cabriolets were formerly bad, and the horses not better than those in London, but a ^cat improvement has taken place in consequence of the competition established by the Omnibus and similar conveyances at six sous each place. A number o{ Jincres of a superior appearance, distinguished by the names of Citadines, nerlines-du- Delta, etc. are now to be met with in the streets of Paris. There are also more roomy cabriolets^ for carrying three persons without the driver, who sits upon a box in front.
As a measure of precaution, on hiring these vehicles, it is necessary to mention either a la course or a fheure ; other- wise the driver can demand the price of a course for each sto]>> page. In the latter instance, the vehicle is at the disposal uf the person hiring it. To avoid disputes, the traveUcr should show the driver the time by his watch. After the first hour the charge is made for the fractions of time, and not for full hours.
Besides those for the interior service of Paris, there arc ca- briolets on a different construction for the environs. These will commonly hold nine persons, and the driver sits on a kind of box outside. They have no fixed charge, which however is very moderate, except on particular occasions, when they in- crease their demand. The cabriolets for Versailles, in which a place costs 25 or 30 sous, for St.-Germain, St-Cloud, and all the spots situated to the west of Paris, are stationed at the extre- mity of the quay of the Tuileries, near the pont Louis XVI. Those for St.-Denis at 12 or 15 sous, for the valley of Montmo- rency, and for all places to the north of Paris, are in the rue d*Enghien or St.-Denis, near the porte St.-Denis. Those for Vincennes, 15 sous, and all the east, place de la Bastille. Those for Arcueil, Sceaux, and all the south, arc in the rue d'Enfer.
There are vehicles moreover that set out 9^ fired hours for Versailles, St.-Germain, and other towns near Paris.* They are very convenient. It is best to take a place in (hem beforehand.
* The |ilire» from wbich ibej ;tiirt may br found by rcfcrriog to KKTinni«« or Pa»w.
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SOJOUKJX l.X PARIS. Iv
OMNIBUS, DAMES-N.ANCHES, ETC. -Thetc conveyances, wMcli were established in 1828, afford an easy and economical means of (^oiug from one quarter of Paris to another, as they traTerae the capital in aH directions and proceed the distance of abont half a teagne for six sons each passenger. They jonrnry from an early hour in the morning till late at niglit, and slop to take np or set down in any part of their route. The number thej carry is from 12 to 20 peraons. We subjoin the foUowing list of the directions in which they run, which will be found highly useful to the visitor, who will bear in mind tbat tliry all return with passengers from the destinations here given to the points from whence they start : —
Oniriars. — From the place du Carrousel to the barrierc do Roule, by the rue and fanbonig St.-Honore. From the pbce du Carrousel to the hairier^ de Fassy, by the quays. From the porte St.-Martin to the Madeleine, by the boulevards. From the porte St.-Martin to the place dc la Bastille, by the boule- vards. From the place de la Bastille to the barriere du Trdiie, by the rue du faubourg St.-Antoine. From the rue Grange- Bat^i^ to the place St.-Sulpice. From the Hotel de la Mon- naie to the Porte St.-Martin, by the Pont-Neuf, the place du Ltmwrt, the rues du Coq and Croix^ea-Petita-Champs, the place des Victoires, the rues des Posses-Montmartre and Bourbon* Villeneuve, and the boulevard St-Denis.
DAUBs-BLAircHU.-From the porte St.-Martin to la Yillette. From the porte St.-Martin to the place St.*Andre-drs-Arts. From the pbee du Carrousel to the place de b Bastille, by the quays. From the Pont-Neuf to the Pont du Jardin du roi, by the quays. Ecossiisis.— From the boulevard Montmartre to the rue des Fosa^a-St.-Victor, by the rues Montmartre, Neuve-St.*Eustache, Bourbon-Yillenewe, du Catre, St.-Denis, aux Ours, St.-Martin, Grenier-St.-Lixare, Michel-le-(^omte, Ste.-Ayoyc, St.-Croixnde- la-Bretonnerie, Vieille-du-Temple, St.-Antoine, de Jouy, and des Nonandi^s, the isle St.-Lottis, the quai de la Tourndle, and the me des Fosses-St^Bemard.
BsAuifAisBS.— From the place de la Bourse to the place St.-
Salpice, by the me Viviemic, the place des Victoires, the rues
Croix-des-'Petit»-Champs> St.-Honore, de I'Arbre-sec, and de la
Monnaie, the Pont-Neuf, and the rnes Danphine and de Seine.
Prom the place St.-Sulp|ce to the place de la Bastille, hy the
n«o4 du Petit-Lion, de TEcole de Medecine, des Mathurins, des
i^»-St.-Victor, the pont dc la Toum«lle, the isle St.-Louis,
the rues des Nonandieres, de Fourcy and St.-Antoine.
KToaivas.— From the place Dauphine to the barrij're dr
rres, liy the rues Dauphine, and de Bussy, the Croix-Rouge,
the rue de Sevres. From the barri^re d'Enferto tlie Palais^
Justice, by the rue d'Enfer, the place St.-Miclid, the rue
a Harne, the pont St .-Michel ana the rue de la Barilleric,
m the Palais deJuslice to the barrierr St.-Drni*, by the rue de
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Ivi INTRODUCTION.
la Barillerie, the pout au Change, the pace du Ghatelet, and the rae, porte, and faubourg St.>Denis. FrMn the faubourg Mont- martrei 73, to the place Dauphine, by the rues Montmartre, dca Prouvaires, du Roule, and de k Monnaie, and the Pont-Neuf. From the place Dauphine to the Gobelins, bv the mc de Harlay, the (luai des Orfcvrcs, the pont St. -Michel, the rues St.-Jacqnes and Galandc, the place Maubert, and the rue St-Victor, du Jardin du roi, Censier, and Monffetard. From the rue Charles X to the place de PEcole de Medecine, by the rues du faubourg Poissonniere, Poissonniere, du Petit-Carreau, de Clei}-, Mont- martre, du Mail, the place des Victoires, the rues Croiz-des- Petits-Champs, St.-Honore, and du Gcm], the Pont^Ncuf, and the rues Dauphine, St.-Germain-des-Pres, and TEcolc de Me- decine.
CiTiniiiBS-Oif If iBus. — From the place de Grivc to Belleville, by the rues du Mouton, de la Tixeranderie, des Coqiiilles, Bar- du-Bec, Ste.-Avoyc, du Temple, and faubourg du Temple. From the place des Petits-Peres to Belleville, by the rues des Fosses- Montmartre, du Cadran, St.-Sauvcur, St.-Dcnis, Grenctat, St.- Martin, Notre-Damc-dc-Nazarctli, du Temide, and faubourg du Temple. From the porte St. -Martin to tiie Palais-Bourbon, by the rues du Ponceau, St.-Denis, du Caire, Neuve-St.-Eus- tache, and Montmartre, the place de la Bourse, the rues IVeuve-' St.-Augustin, and d^Antin, the marche St-Honorc, the rues du due de Bordeaux and de Rivoli, the place and pont Louis XVI, and the rue de Bourgogne. From tne place de Greveto Pere La Chaise, by the rue du Martroi, the place Baudo^er, the rues Vieille-du-Temple, de TOseillc, and IVeuve-de-Menilmontant, the rue and barriere de Menilmontant, and tlie exterior boule- vard. These conveyances also run from tlie place du Caire ta the heights of Belleville for 10 sous, by the rue du Caire, the me and boulevard St.-Denis, the porte St.-Martin, and the ruea de Bondy and du faubourg du Temple.
DiLiGBNTSS. — From the marche St.- Jean to the rue St-Lazare, by the rues de la Verrerie, des Lombards, St.-Denis, de la Fer- ronerie, and St.-Honore, the place du Palais-Royal, the rue du Marche-St.-Ho|iore, the marche St.-Honore, and the rues Louis- Ic-Grand, and de la Chaussee d'Antin.
BATiGifOLLAisBs. — From the Cloitre- St.-Honore to the bar* riere de Clichy, by the rues St.-Honore, St.-Roch, du Port- Mahon, de la Chaussee d' An tin, and de Clichy. From the bar^ Here de (Tlichy the Batiguollaises make a second course to the port Sf.-Ouen.
Tate Yc LBS, or three wheel carriages. From the place des Victoires to the place de la Bastille, by the rues Croix-deS" PctitS'Champs, CuniitUiere, Jean-Jacqucs Rousseau, Tiqiictonnc, Mauconseil, aux Ours, Grenier-St.-Lazare, Michel-lc-Comtc, des Quatrc-Fils, de la Perle, du Parc-Royal, du Chaume, de Paradis, and des Francs-Bourgeois, the pkcc Royalc, and
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SOIOURN IM PARIS« Wii
tUe rue SL-ABtoiud. From (he place des Victoiret to the boule- vard da moDt-Parnasse^by ibc me Montesquieu, the places dn Palais Royal and du Carrousel, the pont Royal, and the rues dn Bac, and de Sevres.
GA^aoLixEs.— From the Louvre to the barriere de PEtoile, by the rues dn C(M»-St.-Honore, St.-Nicaise, and Rivoli, the place Louis XVI, and the Champs-Ely sees. From the barriere de VEtoile the Carolines make a second course to Neuilly. From the Louvre to Bercy by the qiiays, the place du Chatelet, the rues dc la Vannerie, and fet.-Jaccpics-de-la-Boucherie, the place de Greve and the quays.
COCHES DE HAUTE-SEINE.— Passage-boats, caUed eocheg d'eau, are established on the upper part of the river, to convey travellers or goods to any village or town on the banks of the Seine or Hame, and into Champagne or Burgundy. Their offices are at No. 1, rue Bretonvilliers, isle Saint-Louis. They set oat from the Port St.-Bemard at 7 in the morning in snmmar, and at 8 in winter. They travel however very slowly, and seldom have good company on board.
STEAMBOATS.— A steamer leaves the Port de Greve every day during summer and ifice vena for Montereau, by Choisy, Villeneuve, Chalillon, Soisy-sous-EtioUes, Corbeil, St.-Port, Melun, Hericv or Valvin, and Saint Mamez ; in winter, spring and autumn, it starts only every other day, and returns to Pans on the contrary davs. It carries only passengers. The charge is moderate. Steam Wts also ply between Paris and Havre by Rouen. They belong to two companies. The office of one is at No. 21, rue' Notre-bame-des-Victoires, and of the other at No. 31, place de la Bourse. The boats of the former sUtion at the Port aux Tuiles, quai d'Orsay, and those of the latter at the Port St.-Nicoks.
PASSPORTS.— Previous to leaving Paris, the traveller must send his passport to the British Ambassador, No. 39, rue du Fan- hour^ St.-Honore, to be countersigned. His Excellency signs only between 1 1 and 1. It is then carried to the Passport Office, Prefecture de Police, where it is likewise countersigned. Here he is recommended to take the passport for signature to the office of the minister for foreign altairs, boulevard des Capucin«s, where a fee of lOfr. is demanded; but the latter formality, in case he is goiuj; to England, is not necessary, and by omitting to go a sum of lOfr. is saved. Some trouble may be avoided by leaving the master of the hotel to transact every thing rebtive to the passport for departure.
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Iviii INTRODUCTION. fVl
GSM
PLAN FQR VIEWING PARIS IN A WEEK.
The most conveni jitt iimnIc of visiting the curiosities and pub* ^j^ lie buildings in Paris, l to go to those successively which ail "^ in the same arrondissement. The Panoramic Map annexed wi^ be found of the utmost use, as, at a glance, the stranger ma^ ascertain the local contiguity of the various places worthy cw notice, and, consequently, form the plan of his daily tour widi ^, the least possible trouble, and with a great saving of time. Tj ^^
aid him stiU further in the prosecution of this method, we shaU .
here insert a list of the principal buildings and eatablishmcntii - classed in their respective arrom/i5jemeRf. . ■
Pint arrondissemenU The pont de I'Ecole Militaire, thi royal manufactory of popUns, lustres, etc., 50, <p]ai de BillTl the royal manufactorv of Mosaic work, 34, qnai de Billy ; tn^ Steam Engine qf Chaillot, the quartier de Fran9ois I, the triunM phal arch dc VEtoile, the institution ,de St.-Pcrine, the chnrcli of St.-Pierre de Chaillot, the Cliamps-Ely sees, the pont de V Allee- d'Antin, the palace de I'Elysee-Bourbon, the king's stables, tM Hopitalr-Beaujon, the chapelle Beaiyon, the churcb of St.-Phi4 t lippc du Koule, the abattoir du Roule, the park of Mouceauxd
^ the expiatory chapel of the rue d'Anjou, the residence of thd
I British ambassador, the mineral water baths of Tivoli, the roydl
college dc Bourbon, the church of St.-Louis, the hot«l of thil ^ Minister of the Finances, the hotel of the Minister for Foreiejil
i Affairs, the column of the place Vendomc, the hotel of the MhI
* nister of Justice, the church de la Madeleine, the hotel of thtl
\ Minister of tlic Marine, the place Louis \VI, the pont Loais XYlyl
' the church de I'Assomption, the barracks of the ^ardes-h'-piedA
{ the palace and garden of the Tuileries, the triumphnl arch oft
the place du Carrousel, the Pont-Roval, the grand gallery off the Louvre or the Museum, the king s stables, the theatre d«| Vaudeville, the stamp office, the chateau d'eau de la place An^ Palais-Ro^al. I
Second arrondissemenU The church of St.-Roch, the mar- 1 che St.-Honore, the (^mic Opera House, the Garde-Menble de j la Couroune, the Palais-Royal, the palace of the duke of Orleans,! the Theatre-Fran^ais, the Bibliotheqne Royale, the cxmatoiyl chapel of the rue de Richelieu, the Italian Opera House, tb« new | Excnange, the Tribunal de Commerce, the theatre des Yarietea, the theatre des Nouveautes, theatre de M. Comte, the Frcnc^t Opera House, Frascati^s gaming house, the Cliinese baths, count de Sommariva's cabinet, the jardin de Tivoli, Musec Cosmo- polite, Ombres Chinoiscs de Seraphin, theatre de JoK, the abattoir Montmartre, the cemetery of Montmartrc, the church of N otre-Damc-de-Lorette .
Third arrondissemenU The church of St.-Eustache, the
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ruRiosi
CNANI'S i
4
JP IVotcsUnt church de la Visitation, the churctx
^Knd St.-Louis, the coUege de Charleioagjne, the ch^^^^
Getvais, the place de Gr«ve, the HiJtel-de^ViUc^c ^^^^
Pie de la ViUe, the church of St -^^^^'^^-Vh^UX^^^T^
iile, the pout St.-Charles, the pont de 1 Archevech*, ^,j»v»
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, , ...^ juiuiu uc iivoli, Musee Cosmo-
O^nbres Chinoiaes dc Serapliin, theatre de Joly, the
J. Hf outmartre, the cemetery of Montmartrc, the church of
;> j»*^<^-^c-l^rette .
^ arrondissement. The church of St.-Eustache, the
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SOJOURK IJN PARIS. lix
Statue of Loau XIV in the place det Victoires, the geneial FoUp Office, the march^ St.-Jofleph, the fontaiae dc Tanule, the Mcs- sageries-Royales, the church des Pctits-Pcret, the chwch de Notre-Darae-de-Bonne-NoaTcUe, the theatre de Madainc, the prison de SL-Lauure.
Fourth arrondi$s0ment. The pont des Arts, the Pont-Nenf, the pont an Chaogc, the palace ofthe Louvre, the church of St.- Gennatn-rAuxerrois, the protesUnt church de TOratoire, the hazar Blontcsauieu, the Halle au Ble, the column of the h^el de Soissons, the Bank of France, the Halle au Draps, the marche and fontaine des Innocens, the principal markets, the place du Chatelet, the fontaine du Palmier.
, Fifth, arronditsemcnt. The porte St.-Denis, the porte St.- . Martin, the theatre de la Porte-St.-Martin, the chateau d'eau ofthe boulevard de Bondy, the church of St.-Laurent, the church of St «yincent-de-Paule, the Plate Glass Manufactory, the canal de rOurcq, the jardin des Montagne»-Franfaises, the combat dea animaux, the hospice des Incurables Homnies, the Halle aux Cuirs, the hopital St.-Louis, the Wauxhall-Kl'Ete, the Diorama. Sixdi tirrondissemeat. The church of St .-Leu, the tower of St.-Jacques-de>la-Boucherie, the marche St.-Jacqucs-^e-la- Boncherie, the church of St.-Nicolas-dcs-Ghamps, the prison des Madelonnettes, the marche St.-Martin, the Gonservatoire des Arts et Metiers, the Jew's synagogiie, the palace and con- Tent du Temple, the church of Ste.-Elixabeth, the marche du Vicux Linge, Franconi's Girque-01yinpi||tte, the theatre de TAmbigu-Comique, the theatre de la Gaiete, the jardin Turc, and many petty exhibitions.
Seutnxh arrondissement. The pont Notre-Dame, the hy- draulic machine of the pont Notre-Dame, the church of St.- Merri, the Lutheran church, the church of St.-Francoi8, the church of St.-Denis, the Archives du Royanme, the Mont-de- Pielc, the church des Blancs-Manteaux, the Royal Printing- Office, the prison de la Force.
Eighth arrondissement. The sUtue of Louis XIII in the place Ro]raU;, the pont du jardin des Plantes, the hospice des Qiiinze-VingU, the marche Beauveau, the hopiul St,-Antoine, tkc hospice des Orphetins, the church of St.-Ambroise, the abattoir de Popincourt, the cemetery of Pere La Ghaise, the church of Ste.^Margnerite, the church of St.-Antoine, the barrier du Tr6ne.
JVinth arrondissement. The fontaine de V^lephant, the pVice de la Bastille, the Grenier d'Abondance, the Arsenal, the I ^ibliotheque de Monsieur, the pont de Grammont, the pont Marie, the ProtesUnt church de la Visitation, the church of . SC.-Panl and St.-Louis, the college de Charlemagne, the church •f St.-Gervais, the place de Greve, the Hdtel-de-ViUe, the Bib- Both^gne de la Ville, the church of St -Louis-en-rile, the pont Af la Cite, the pont St.-Charles, the pent de rAi;chev4che, the
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1x IMTftObUGTlON.
post de la Grevc, the Archbishop's Palace, the cathedral of Notre-Dame, the H6tel-Dicu, the Pont-ait-DouMc, the Pe(it- Pont, the Morgue, ihc Marche-aux-Fleurs.
Tenth arrondissement. The Mint, the palace of the Initio tute, the Bihliotheqiie-Mazarine, the Ecole dfes Beaux-Arts, the Mus^e d'ArliUerie, the pont des Arts, the oliunh of the Abbayc- aux-Bois, the military prison dc TAbbaye, uie hopttal dc la Charitc, the fontaine de Crenelle, the cliurch of St .-Thomas- d'Aqnin, the hotel des Gardes>du-Gorps, the palace of the le- gion of Honour, the palace of the Chamber of Deputies, the Ihilais-Bourbon, the h6tel of the Minister of the Interior, the hotel of the Minister of War, the hotel of the Minister for £ccle- aiastical Affairs, the Boval Snuff Manufactory, the Steam Engine of the Gros-Caillou, the hospital of the Royal Guards, the church of St.-Pierre-du-Gros-Caillou, the Champ-de-Mars, the Ecole- Militaire, the abattoir dc Vaumrard, the Hdtel-des-lnvalides, the church of St.-Valere, the hopital de madame Neckcr, a (;reat number of convents, the hopital des Enfans, the hospice des Incurables Femmes, the hospice des Menaces, the church of St.-Fran<;ois-Xavier, the house des Missions Etrangeres.
Eleventh arrondissement. The cour des Comptes, the pont St.-Michel, the Sainte-Chapelle, the Palais-de-Justice, the Con- ciergerie, the Prefecture de Police, the place Dauphine, the fon- taine Dessaix, the statue of Henry lY on the Pont-Neuf, the mar- chc des Augustins, or a la Volaille, the Ecole-de-Medecine, the marche St.-Germain, the church of St.-Sulpice, the seminaiy ofSt.-Sulpice, the church of St.-Germaiii-des-Pres, the cemetery du Mont-Pamasse, the Odeon, the palace of the Luxembourg, or of the Chamber of Peers, the gallery and garden of the Lux- embourg, the theatre Forain du Luxembourg, the church des Cannes, the Sorbonne, the college de St.-IjOuis, the palais dea Thermes, the church of St.-Sevenn.
Twelfth arrondissement,— 'The abattoir d'lvry, the hospice de U Salpetriere, the musee d'Histoire Naturelle, the garden of Plants, the king's Menagerie, the hopital de la Pitie, the prison ' of St.-Pelagie, the Horse-market, the royal manufactory des Gobelins ^apestry and carpets), the church of St.-Medard, the halle auxVins, the marche anx Yea ux, the Blind-school, the pont de la Toumelle, the church of St.-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, tbe Irish college, the Scotch colle|>;e, the college de France, the Sorbonne, the college de Louis-le-Grand, the church of St.- Jacques~du-Hant-Pas, the Deaf and Dumb asylum, the military hospital du Yal-de-Grace, the Lying-in hospital, the hopttal Cochin, the Observatory, the Catacombs, the church of St.- Genevi^ve, or Pautheon, the school of Lr.w, the colUge de Henry lY, the library of St.-Genevi^ve, the church of St.— Etienne-du-Mont, the polytechnic-school, the marche des Cannes.
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SOJOUmH IK PARIS. Izi
LIST
PARIS NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES.
Before the Revolution the joarnals which appeared at Paris presented very little interest, their contents being chiefly con- fbed to the nmvements of the court, and the fashionable world ; accidents in various countries in Europe, and dramatic iateUigence. tipon the press becoming free, in 17 S9, a great number of daily papers were published, and the licentiousness of the press was extreme. ^¥nen Bonaparte became emperor, the censorship was ss rigorous as under the old regime, and the number of the political journals of Paris was reduced to five or six. At the Restoration the number was augmented, but the censorship continued to be exercised with greater or less severity. At length the censorship was abolished, but no political journal could appear without the special authorisation of the govern- ment, and such as abused the liberty of the press were liable to be prosecuted and suppressed. By an ordonnance of August 15, lo24, the censorship was renewed ; but it has since been abolished, and the press m France is perfectly free.
NEWSPAPERS.
GALiGnim's MBssaifosa, published every morning at tix o clock. An afumoon edition also appears daily at two o clock ■ This English newspaper (commenced tn 1 8 1 4) is deli- vered in Paris and its environs before breakfast. Subscription 6 fir. per fortnight ; 10 fr. 1 month ; 28 fr. for 3 months ; 52 fr. for 6 months, and lOOfr. per year. Two francs per quarter must be added to receive it free of postage, throughout France, and five francs in Italy , Switzerland, or Germany. Sinele numbers, 10 soaB each. The* greater part of this paper is dedicated to English news, and the remainder to French and foreign, with the debates of the Chambers of Peers and Deputies. The Eng- lish news is extracted from the London journals, ministerial and opposition. It contains parliamentary debates, reports of courts of justice, commercial news, marxets, naval, military, fMcal, and UuiveTsity inteUigence, Exchange, price of stocks, l>aii|Lmpts, births, iparriagcs, deaths, fashionable movements, Alieatricals, etc. The pronrietors pledge themselves that the JMessenger shall ever be round a faithful record of facts and tf»|nnions. Adveriisements are received.
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Ixii IMTRODUCTION.
The London and Paris Observer, or JVeekfy- Clironicle of ISews. Science^ Literature, and the Fine Arts; published at six o clock every Sunday morning. This journal comhines the varieties of a weekly newspaper, with the most popalar charar- teristics of the London reviews. Copioas extracts from the flaily joarnals are given : the proceedings of the scientific and literary societies of Europe, and the choicest articles of the distin- guished writers at present engaged in the London periodicals — forming a repository which contains all intelligence, local, his- torical, literary, and scientific. The London, and Paris Ob- server consists of 1 6 pages quarto. Subscription : —One month, 5 fr.; 3 months, 14; 6 months, 28 frj 12 months, 50 ft. Single numbers, 25 sous. One franc per quarter must be added to receive it through France, and 2 fr. for Switzerland, Italy, Ger- many, etc.
Office for both these Pipers, i8, roe Vmenae.
Le Moniieur Uniuersel (official journal), 28 fr. a quarter, 6, rue des Poitevins.
Journal des Oebats (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 17, rue dcs Pretres-St.-Germain-rAuxerrois.
Le Constitutionnel (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 121, rue Montmartre.
Courrier Francais (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 53, rue dc Grenelle-St.-Honore.
U iVfl«io/ia/ (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 10, rue Ncuve^t.- Marc.
Journal du Commerce (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 10, rue St.-Marc. ^, . ,
Le Globe (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 75, passage GhoiseuL
Le Temps (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 92, rue de Richelieu.
Nouveau Journal de Paris (political), 18 fr. a quarter, 1 13, rue Montmartre.
/,flO«otidic/i/» (political), 20 fr. a quarter, 3, rue Neuve-des- Bons-Enfans.
Aa Revolution (political), evening paper, 20 fr. a quarter, rue Neuve-St.-Augustin.
La Gazetlede France, ci-devant VJ£toile (political), evening paper, 20 fr. a quarter, 32, rue St.-Thomas-du-Louvre.
Mcssagev des Chambres (political), evening paper, 20 fr. a quarter, place de la Bourse, comer of theme Fey deau.
Courrier des FJectewrs (political), twice a week, 10 fr. a quarter, 139, rue Montmartre.
Gazette des Tribunaux, 15 fr. a quarter, 11, quaiV aux Fleurs. ^ , »
Courrier des Tribunaux, 15 fr. a quarter, 18, ruedela Ba- rillerie.
Gazette des Tribunaux de Commerce, twice a week, 8 fr. a quarter, 3 15, rue St.-Honore.
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sojoufiN in PARIS. Ixiit
/^ t^igaroj IS Tr. a quarter, 12, Cite-Bergere.
Le Corsaircj 15 fr.a qaartcr, 8, rue da faubourg MonUnartre.
Courrierdes JTiedtres, 15 fr. a ouartcr, 19,riieBuffauU.
/-« Furet de Paris, twice a weel, 9 fr. a quarter, 30, rue Bleue.
Le Menifir, Journal des F'ojragews, twice a week, 9 fr. a fluarler, 47, rue du faubourg St .-Denis.
f^e Gastronome, twice a week, 9 fr. a quarter, 31, place de la Bourse.
Journal General djlffiches, 16 fr. a quarter, 55, rue de Grenel\e-St.-Honore.
jfffickes Parisiennes, 13 fr. a quarter, 24, place du Louvre.
Le yoleur, every 5 days, 48 fr. a year, 1 1 , me du Helder.
Le Pirate, every 5 days, 36 fr. a year, 30, rue de TOdeon.
Cabinet-de~ Lecture, six times per month, 13 fr. a quarter, 9, nieSt.-Germain-des-Pres.
MAGAZINES AM) REVIEWS.
Gazette Litieraire, weekly, 14 fr. a quarter, 10, rue Neuve- St.-Jlfarc.
Le Mercure de France, weekly, 15 fr. a quarter, 23, quai Malaquais.
Jieuue Musicale, weekly, 60 fr. a year, 18, rue Bleue.
Revue de Paris, weekly, 80 tr, a year, 17, rue desFilles-St.- Thomas.
Bevue Francaise, 36 fr. a year, chez Mesnier, place de U Bourse.
Ret^ue Britannique, 50 fr. a year, 21 , rue des Bons-Enfans.
Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la geographie et de Thistoire, moutUy, 30 fr. a year. Gide, 20, rue St.-Marc.
La Reuue Encyclopedique, ou analyse des productions Ics plus remarquables dans la litterature, les sciences, et les arts, monthlv, 46 fr. a year, 18, rue d'Enfer.
Bulletin de la Sociit4 d Encouragement pour F Industrie JVationale, monthly, 9 fr. a year, Huzard, 7, rue de PEperon.
Bulletin Uniyersel des Sciences et de t Industrie, divided into eight sections, namely i^l, mathematiques, astronomie, physique, et chimie; 2, sciences naturelles; 3, sciences me- cUcales ; 4, aericulture, economic rurale, domcstique, et fores- tiere, horticulture, peche, chasse; 5, technologie *, 6, ^eoj^ra- phic, statistique, economic publique, et voyages; 7, histoire, anCMiuiles, et philologie ; 8, art militaire ; monthly, forming 25 volumes a year, for 230 fr., 3, rue de rAbbaye.
Journal General de CImprimerie etdela Librairie, every Saturday, 20 fr. a year, 7, rue des G rands- Augustins.
Journal GSn^ral de la Litterature Etrangere, monthly, 1 S Cr. a year^ 17, rue de Bourbon.
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Ixiv INTRODCJCTION.
Journal Gimeral de la Litteratwe de France^ monthly, 15 fr. a year, 17, rue de Bourbon. j1rchi%*es du ChristicuiUme, 6 fr. a year, 6, rue deTOntoire. Journal General de AU-decine, monthly, 23 fr. a year, 47, rue de Grenelle-St.-Honore .
Gazette de Sante, every 10 days, 18 fr«a year, 1, rue de Lulli.
Joumaldes Sciences MedicaleSy monthly, 36 fr.ayear, 28, rue Godot.
Journal de Pharmacies monthly, 15 fr. a year, Colas, 32, rue Dauphine.
Journal des Sauans, monthly, 36 fr. a year, LcYrault, 81, rue de la Harpe.
Anfiales maritimes et ColonialeSt 25 fr. a year, chex Fir- min Didot, 24, rue Jacob.
jlnnaUs deC Agriculture FranqaiseymonikXy, 36 fr. a year, Huzard, 7, rue de 1 Eperon.
Annales de Chimie et de Physique, by Gay-Lossac, monthly, 30 fr. a year, Crochard, i6, Cloitre-St.-Benoit.
Annales de Afathemntiguest monthly, 21 fr. a year, Rachc- Her, 55, quai des Auguslins.
Journal Militaire, monthly, 15 fr. a year, Anselin, 9, rue Dauphine.
Journal des Dames et des Modes, every S days, 9 fr. a quarter, 1, boulevard Montmartre.
Petit Courrier des Dames, every 5 days, 9 fr. a quarter, 2, boulevard dcsltaliens.
*,* SttbtcriptJonj receired for all the aboTc papers at Galigaani'k libmry, k8, rue Vmennc.
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UST OF DUTIES
OM rOIKICB AITICISS, GEIfKlALLT TAKES FIOM THE CONTINIhT
BY TIAVELUIS9 FOl THEll PllVATB USB.
[Extracted from Mr, Ward*c excellent little work, pvUi* bed bj Jiim •! Dover.]
L. s. d. Agales or Cornelians set, for every 100/. Talne .... 20 0 0
Noi«.»—Trifliag Articles of Jewellery, aetaelly is we, and besag old, are ddiTorcd doty free.
Alabaster is ciiarged mtli the same duty as marble,
per cwt 0 3 0
Baskets of all sorts, for every 100/. value 20 0 0
Beads, viz. Amber, the lb 0 12 0
Arango, for every 100/. value 20 0 0
Coral, thelb 0 15 10
Crystal, the 1,000 1 8 6
Jet, the lb 0 3 2
OtherBeads, for every 100/. value 30 0 0
^'0«e...The dotie* are not cbarged on triiUag qvaalitie* of Bcad«, old and aetnelly penoof 1 effects of pas-
Bonnets. See Hats.
Books printed prior to the year 1801, the cwt. 1/. or
pert 0 0 2
printed since 1800, the cwt. 5/. or per lb. . . . 0 Oil
Note.— English Works re-pnaied abroad, can only be im- ported for private nse.
Foreign Books, wbicb bare before paid duty, or bave been pnr^ased in England, are dcJiTored dnty free, on •aib being made to tbat effect, and that tMy are for privala nse.
Boots. See Shoes.
Boxes of all sorts, including Ladies' Work Boxes, Mu- sical Boxes, Snuff Boxes, etc. for every 100/. value 20 0 0 Bronze.— All Works of Art, made of Bronze, the cwt. 10 0 or per lb 0 0 2
Note..— Tbif doty rcUtes to all Bnonxe strictly coming under tbe descrintion of, and belonging to tbe fine arts; bnt nil moaem works of Bronac, wbich may be applied to domestic purposes, are cbargcd for every llioovaloe, I'.^o.
Brass Manufactures, for every 100/. value 30 0 0
Bullion and Foreign Coin of Gold or Silver, and An- cient Coins of Uold or Silver, free Coiii. Sec Bullion.
/■
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Ixvi INTRODUCTION.
L, $. </.
Cambrics and Lawns, not exceeding 8 yards in length, and not exceedin^^ of a yard in breadth the piece, and 90 in proportion for any greater or less quantity 0 6 0
Ditto, Bordered Handkerchiefs, the piece ... 0 6 0
Note-^^mbrics or Lawns conrertcd into Haa4]kercliic6, •re liable to tbe payment of Jvty, even tlwDgb tbej may bave been used, anlesstbe quantity be trifling.
Cards for playing, the dozen packs 4/. ; or each pack .068
Note.— Tbis inelndes tbe small packs, ascd for Ecarti, Picqnet, etc.
Carriages, Foreign, for every 100^. value 80 0 0
Note.— All Foreign drriages are liable to this duty, wbether in use or not.
Cameos, for every 100/. valne 20 0 0
Casts of Busts, Statues, or Figures, the ewt 0 2 6
China or Porcelain Ware, plaui, without a gilt rim or
other ornament, for every 100/. value 15 0 0
— painted, gilt, or ornamented, for every lOOl.
value 30 0 0
Note.— East India Cbiaa cannot bt> inaported from En- rope, except from Holland, and tben only for pri- vate nse, and under special permission first obtained from the Lords of tbe Treasury.
Cheese, the cwt. 10*. 6<f . or per lb 0 0 U
Chocolate, the lb 0 4 4
Clocks, for every 100/. value 26 0 0
Note.— Clodi are prohibited to be imported unless tbey bave tbe maker's name on tbe face, and on^be frame of tbe works, and are complete in cases or rtundf : but tbey may be admitted wilbont tbe maker's
for private vae, on proof on oatb tbat tbe ofmers were ignorant of the law at the time of parcfaMO .
Cologne Water, each common flask 0 1 0
Confectionary, for every 100/. value 20 0 0
Not»>— Confecttonary if understood to be made of Sv- gar, such as Barley Sngar, Bonbons, etc.
Coffee, the lb 0 1 0
Cordial Water is charged with duty as Spirits.
Damask Tabling, etc. See Linen.
Drawings. See Prints.
Earthenware, for every 100/. value 16 O 0
Embroidery and Needlework, for every 100/. value . 30 O O
Note..^Bcasonable qnaatitiee of wearing apparsi of Aia
description, are delivered duty free: bat any large
quantity of Needlework, wbctber worn or not ; and
sllnew worked caps, collars, tippets, pelerines, etc.
t charged with this duty.
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Digitized b'
UST OF DUTIES. Ixvil
L. 5. d.
Eau dc Cologne. See Cologne Water.
FeatHen, Ostrich, dressed, the lb 1 10 0
Note.— 4)ttnc!i Featlien nadrOM^ rannol be importeil frtiM £arope.
Flower Boots, for CTcry lOOt valne 20 0 0
Ifote.— .TbiccoBpriacsall B«11n»i Roott, sacli u Tallpi,
Flowers, Artificia1,notbciiigSak, for every 100/. value 2S 0 0
Ditto, of Silk, for every 100/. value 30 0 0
Fosails, for every 100/. value 20 0 0
Nau.^Tbis does hoc apply to S|^iaMM of FoMib ; for tW duty OB wiiick, turn gpecwimt.
Frames of Pictures, Piints, or Drawings, for everv
100/. vahie *. 20 0 0
Gloves. Habit Gloves, the doicn pair 0 4 0
Men's diUo, ditto 0 5 0
Women's, or Mitts, ditto 0 7 0
Wotc-^loTCi for Mle era oaly be imported io e voMel of 70 teu and npnRranb, eo^ in pacUf rsof 100 dosea pair ; bat, for private ase, may oe brfln|^t ia imall qaaatitjet, ia paflMoger** baggage.
Hats or Bonnets of straw, viz. Leghorn Hats, etc. being new, not exceed^ 22 inclies in diameter,
each 0 5 8
Ditto exceeding 22 inches in diameter, each . . Oil 4
of Beaver, each 0 10 G
Horses, Hares, or Geldings, each 1 0 0
Note.-^Mttsli Horees parcfaased abroad, are liable lo tUedaty. ^
Jewels, Emeralds, Rubies, and all other Precious Stones (except Diamonds), set, for every 100/. of ^ the value 20 0 0
notset, ditto 10 0 0
RoU. — Jewdlcry, betag trifliag in qaaaiity, oM, and actaally ia aac, i« pawed free.
Lace of Thread, for everv 100/. value 30 0 0
IJqueurs are charged vrith duty, as Spirits.
Linoi. Articles of Jfanufactures of Linen, or of Linen mixed vrith Cotton, or with Wool, wholly or in part made op, for every 100/. value 40 0 0
Manuscripts, the lb 0 0 2
Maps or Charts, plain and coloured ; and parts of
Maps or Charts, each 0 0 6
Marmalade, the lb ♦ . . 0 1 3
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iKviii INTRODUCTION.
L. 5. d
Marble Manufactures, the cwt 0 3 0
Medals of Gold or Silver. Free.
any other sort of MedaU, for every tOOl. value 5 0 0
Minerab, for every 100^ value 20 0 0
Specimens of Minerals. See Specimens.
Mosaic Work, for every 100/. value 20 0 0
Models of Cork or Wood, for every 100/. value ... 6 0 0 Musical Instruments, whether old or new, for every
100/. value ; 20 0 0
Paper Hangings, and printed, stained, or flock Paper,
the square yard 0 1 0
other Paper, the lb 0 1 Z
Pictures, each 0 1 0
and further, for every square foot 0 1 0
Note—- Paintingf on canyiM, wood, ivory, coppor, or
forcelaia, pay tbU duly. Pictures actaally e«ec«led y Trtvellert, and imported by ibem for prirate oie. are delivered duty free, oo proof on oatb to that effect, and that they were execaud for amoie- ment, and not for proGt or salo.
Plants, Shrubs, and Trees, alive. Free.
Plate of Gold, the o«. Troy 3 16 9
Plate of Silver gilt, the oz.Troy 0 6 4
part gilt ditto 0 6 0
of SUver ungilt, ditto 0 4 6
NoU.»ThisincludM Spoons, Forks, and all otbararti- cle> of Plata, whether old or new ; but if PUacogers wish it, ther may have their Plate broken to pieces and battcrecl, and thereon it is deltTcred duty free.
Prints and Drawings, plain, each 0 0 i
coloured, each .% ^ ^ *
Note.— Drawings execnled by Travellers for their pri- vate use, are delivered duty free.
Pics. Perigord, Game, and all sorts of French Pies,
for every 100/. value 20 0 O
Seed, viz. Garden Seed, the lb 0 0 6
Segars, the lb. . 0 9 '^
Shoes and Boots, viz.
Women's Boots and Calashes, the doz. Pair . . 1 10
If lined or trimmed with Fur or other trim- mings, the doz. Pair * *^
Women's Shoes with cork or double soles,
quilted Shoes and Clogs, the doz. Pair ...... 1 6
If trimmed or lined with Fur or any other trim- mings, the doz. Pair 1 ^
Women's Shoes of Silk, Satin, Jeans, or other
Stuffs; Kid, Morocco, or other Leather, the doz.
Pair . . . .♦ 0 18
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LIST OF DUTIES. IxiX
Shoes and Boots (continiied). L. $. d, If trimmed or lined with Fnr or otber trin-
mingt, the dot. Pair ] 4 0
Men'sBoots, the dos. Pair 2 14 0
Mcn*s Shoes. ditto *.. 1 4 0
Silk Apparel, if worn, for crcry 100/. irmlve 30 0 0
it new, each dress J 10 0
Bonnet or Hat 1 5 0
Cat) orTnrban 0 15 0
Snuff; the lb 0 6 0
Specimens of Minerals, Fossils or Ores, each Speci*
men not exceeding in weight 141b. Free.
exceeding snch wcidit, for eyery 100/. value .500
SfpecimeosiUnstratiye of Matnral History, free.
TVotc— TImm Spwians are Staffed Birdi, Staffed Aoi- ■•U, etc. aad SpcciacBC of carioas Shclb.
Spirits sweetened. Cordials, or Strong Waters and Liqueurs, the gallon 1 10 0
Nou.---Sis coouBoa «i«d wiae bottle* are conpated to tbe MUea. "^
Steel Mannfactnres, for erery 100/. Talnc 20 0 0
Sulphur Impressions, for erery 100/. value 5 0 0
Tea is prohibited.
Telescopes, for every 100/. value 30 0 0
Toys, for every 100/. value 20 0 0
Truffles, the lb 0 2 6
Vases, Ancient, not being Stone or Marble, for cverv
J0O/.valae 7 5 0 0
Watches of all sorts, for every 100/. value 26 0 0
Water, Mineral or Natural, the dozen bottles, each
not exceeding 3 pints 0 4 0
Wine, French, the gallon 0 7 3
-~ of other sorU 0 4 10
Note.-J^ a reccat Act of PftrliamcDt, Wine is allowed to be imported in any qaaattty, large or small ; bat Ibe TCBseb mast beof tbe bartbea of 6o tans at learn, exeeptbg for small iraaatitiesbroagbt bjPnsseageTS, ai aaezpended stock. Six nsnal si»ed bottles of Wine are computed to tba gallon, so tbet tbe duty oaa Bottle of French Wine, inclnding tbe dnty on tba Glass Bottle, is aboat one sbilling and Cto pence tartbang, and on otber sorts one sbiUiag and a farUnag.
Goods must be examined when tber arrireia Lon- don, therefore Packages that are locked shoeld bare •he kers atttched.
Goods sent lo England in Dnich vessels arc charged with oaa fifth additional daty.
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PARIS DffiECTORY.
The following List of Bankers, HoteUy Professional Gen-- tUnten, AriistSy ana Tradesmen qfrespectabiUlyt^Hl^ it is presumed^ he of essential service to Foreigners
BANKERS.
AiiDRS and Cottier, rne desPetites Ecuries, No. 40.
Ardoin, Hubbard and Co., rae Chantereinc, No. 7.
AuDiFRBT (Ch.) and Co., rue Laffitte (formerly rue d'Artoia)^
No. 26. Baoubnault and Co., boulevard Poisionni^, No. 17. Bbhic (Louis), rue Taitbout, No. 33. Behic, Mbkard and Co., rue Taitbout, No. 33. Bbrard (Simon), Ldcb and Co., me Neuve des Matburins, No. 21 . Blahc (J. a.), Colin and Co., rue Laffitte (formerly me d'Ar—
tois), No. 33. BoiYiN (Aug.) and Co., roe Haateyflle, No. 7. Bouciibrot, rue Cboiseul, No. 6. Cagcia (J. G.), rne Neuve des Pctits Champs, No. 60 Callagha9 (Luc], rue Neuve des Mathurins, No. 26. Carbttb (Firmin) and Mingubt, rue d*Artois, No. 3. Chbvals (J. P.), me de Grammont, No. 19. Cor (Th.), me de la Sourdiere, No. 29. Dalt and Co., rue de Provence, No. 26. Davillibr (Jn. Ch.) and Co., rue Basse du Rempart, No. 1^ Dbchapbaurougb and Co., me de la Michodi^re, No. 4. D'EicHTHAL (Louis), place des Victoires, No. 5. Dblbssbrt and Co., rue Montmartre, No. 176. Delislb (Tbumaa), rae Blanche, No. 3. Dbsgrargbs and Pbllbhc Fils, rae des Moulins, No. 19. D'Etchbgoten (J. L. B.), nic Neuve des Capncinea, No. 12^ DuMoosTiBR (E.^, rue des Fosses Montmartre, No. 8. DuRAND (F.) and Co., me Basse du Rempart, No. 30. Fab AS (Louis) and Co., me Lepelletier, No. 18. FoDLD (B,L.) and Fould Oppbithbim, me Berg^re, No. 10« GosswBiLBR (Friires) and Co., faubourg Poissonniere, No« ^ GuBBHARB (Louis), rue Neuve St.-Augiistin, No. 23. GuBRin BE FoHGiN and Co., rae Bergerc, No. 7. Hagbbmann, rae Hauteville, No. 44. HoTTiKGUER and Co., me dn Sentier, No. 20. Lafpittb (Pre.) Aine, me St.-Lazare, No. 79.
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PARIS OI&ECTOaT. Ixxi
Laffittb (Jacipies) and Co., me Laffitte (fonncrly ree d'Ar-
tois), No. 19. Lapahovzb f Cesar de}, ine da faubourg St.-Honorc, No. 29. LsvsBT&x (Jacques) aod ,Go., faubourg Pouaooiiiere, No. 60. L«uoux (J. A.), rue de TEchiquier, No. 35 bis. Mall XT (Freres) and Co., rue de la Cbansaee d'Antin, No. 13. MAXTiir d'Ahdri, passage Sandrier, No. 7. MxcBiirf Baron), rue de la Cbaussee d'Antin, No. 26. BlsjAN (Uiurent), rueTaitbout, No. 17. MEifDBLssoHii and FaufcaxL, rue St.-Georges, No. 4. HUimoH (G. F.) and Co., me Basse du Rcmpart No. 22. NorALUima (Ve.) and Co., rue Pavec St.-Andre, No. 16. Oniaa (^Gabrid) and Co., rue de Provence, No. 19. OmaMA.]iR MiNDaoT and Co., rue St.-Georges, No. 2. Oaa and GoLnsmn, rae Laflitte fformeriy me d'Artois), No. 1 1 . OoTaxQviif (F. J.) and Jaugx, me Neuve du Luxembourg, No. 29. Pabatbt (P. F.) and Co., rue Paradis-Poissonni^re, No. 21 . Pbbibb (Frbes) and Co., rae NcuTe du Luxembourg, No. 27. PicTBT (p. J.], rae HanteviHe, No. 22. PiLLBT-WiLL and Co., boulerard Poiasonniire, No. 23. RscAMixm ( Jacq.), rae JB^usedu Rcmpart, No. 52. Rby (Camille), rae de rEcbiquier, No. 21 bis, RiBOirrrs, rue Taitbout, No. 15.
RoBizr-GaAifBiir and Co., rae Neuve St.-Angustin, No. 6. RoLXAxn (Nicolas), rae Cadet, No. 26. Rothsgbub (Frbcs), rae Uiffilte (fomeriy rae d'Artois),
No. 15. RouoBnoirr na Loiwbbbbbg, rue Bcrg^re, No. 9. Saillabb (Armand), rae de Clicby, No. 70. 5abtobis>d'Escbbbnt and Co., rue de la Cbaussee d'Antin, No.32 . ScBLVMBXBGBR and Co., rue Bleue, No. 17. TvDBBT and Co., place Venddme, No. 12. Vallbwtiw (S.), rue Louis-le-Grand, No. 11. Valois Jeune and Co., rue de TEcbiquier, No. 19. Vassal and Co., faubourg Poissonnicre, No. 2. Wbllbs and Co., place St.-Georee, WoBMS DB Robillt, ruc de Bondy, No. 44.
PRINCIPAL FURNISHED HOTELS.
To most of -which are attached Restaurants, — ff^ines, carriages, hones, etc, may be had, Amibactb, rue Neuve St.-Augustin, No. 47. A1VGI.BTBBBB, me dcs Filles St.-Tboma8, No. 18. Abtois, rue I^iffitte (formerly rae d'Artois), No. 1. Batb, roe de Rivoli, No. 52. Bbllbtvs, rae de Rivoli, No. 50 bis. BcMYon, rae Viviennc, No. 13. BaxTAOMB (Grande), rue St.^Honore, No. 341.
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1 xxii INTRODUCTIOK .
Brbtbuil, me de Rivoli, No. 22.
Brigbtosi, rue dc Rivoli, No. 42.
Bristol, place Vcnddme, No. 5.
Britakiviqvb (Grand), rue Louis-le-Grand, No. 30.
Britanniqos, rue Duphot, No. 20.
Castiglionr, rue de GasCiglione, No.'lO.
GoHGRis, rue de Rivoli, No. 44.
Daivubb, rue Richcpanse, No. 7.
DouvRBS, rue de la Paix, No. 21 .
DoTiLLiBR, rue de RWoli, No. 48, is distingiiished for the ele-
fance of its rooms and its fine view of the garden of the uUeries.
EtATs Ums, passage des Petits-Pires, No. 3, near the passage Vivienne, the Palais-Royal, the Bank, and the Exchange. Kept by Victor Colinet. Rooms and apartments, elegantly furnished, by the day, week, or month. English and Frencn breakfasts served, and a table dhSte every day at five o'clock .
. Wines of superior quality on moderate terms. English spoken.
Etrangbrs, rue Viviennc, No. 3.
EuROPB,rue de Richelieu, No. 109.
Grangb-Batrlibhb, me Grangc-Bateliere, No. 1.
Hbldbr, me du Helder, No. 9, near the boulevard.
lIoLLARDB, me de la Paix, No. 16.
HuNGERFORn, me Gaumartin, Ghaussee d'Antin, No. 31. M. Saillyand his sister, having resided many years in E« eland, can afford that superior and comfortable accommodation which English families are anxious to obtain. They let large suites of apartments, consisting of an ante-chamber, a dining, drawing, and two bedrooms, etc., etc., at 8, 10, and 15 francs per day, or 200, 250, and 350 francs per month. Also small apartments, consisting of a dining, a sitting, and a bedroom, etc., at 4, 5, and 6 francs a day, or 100, 130, and 150 francs per month.
Ilbs Britakkiqubs, me de la Paix, No. 5.
Lawsor's Royal Hotel, me St.-Honore, No. 293.
LiLLOis, rue Richelieu, No. 63.
LonnRBS, place Vci>d6me, No. 10.
LonnRBs, me de VEchiqnier, No. 15.
Mail, me du Hail, No. 23.
Mars, me du Mail, No. 14.
Mbcrice, me St.-Honore, No. 323.
For particulars of this excellent hotel, see page xlvi.
MoifT Blanc, me de la Paix, No. 24.
MoKT Blahc, me de la Ghaussee d'Antin, No. 20.
MoNTMORBNCT. This hotcl, formerly me St.-Marc, No. 12, having been pulled down for the constraction of a new street, the proprietor has removed to boulevard Montmartre, No. 12, where urge and small apartments, handsomely furatshed, may be bad.
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PAHIS DIBECTOIT. Ixxili
Nelsos, mc LcpcUctieT, No. 11.
NoKHAHPu (GftAxrs Ho^xL DB),fiie d€9 Bonekeriet StiMomiati, No. 3 ; under the directum and management of F. Lavenve. It is flitnaCed between the Toileries and the Pfelaia-Rojal, and in the Tidnity of the most frequented theatres. A tablm <fh/ke is lerred every day at 5 o'clock, and the best wines may he procvred. Prices very moderate.
Ox/oan, me Godot de Manroy, No. 3.
Paix, roe de la Paix, No. 10.
Paiifcx RxGXHT, roe St.-iiyacinthe Sti-flonofe, No. 10.
Pamcms, rae de Richelien, No. 111.
Rastabt, ne Nenve St.-Anf^stni, No. 49.
Rnis XT MosaLLB, place Venddme, No. 4.
RivoLi, me de RivoU, No. 26.
SiHBT, fanhonrg St.-Honor^, Nos. &2, &4.
Svxnx, me du Bonloy, No. 8.
TxxxAsax, me de Rivoli, No. 50.
Tovxa (Grand), rae Notre>I>ame-des-Victoires, No. 32.
VxNDdMX, rue NeuTe-des-Petits-GhampSf No. 76.
ViTiXRRX, rae ViTienne, No. 14.
Wagxami rae de la Paix, No, 9, and rae de Rivolit No. 30.
WiBTDsoB, rae de Riroli, ISo. |p.
" BOARDING-HOUSES.
{I^or a IJst apply at Messrs, GaUgnani's.)
PROFESSORS. BoLDOxi, Italian and French Blaster, rae do Lycce, No. 2, near
the Palais-Royal. GAXHicnAXL ( Miss ), rae dn marche St.-Honore, No. 4. Lessons
in English, French, and Italian, at home and abroad. BouxGBois (Madame), rae de la Chanss^e d'Antin, No. 59,
French Teacher. Lxvixn , Gnitarist to her royal highness the duchess of Gloucester,
Inrentor, Patentee, and Professor of the Harp-Gnitar, rae
Canmartin, No. 26.
The tone of this elegant and fashionable instrament is eqnal to the harp. It is asporfeable as the common gnitar, and is much sooner acquired than any other instrument of the kind.
PHYSICIANS.
GnxxHsinx, R. A., M.D. (London and Edinbmn^), Physician to the British Embassy » rae Taitbout, No. 1 bit.
Dubois (Panlj, rae des Saints-P^res, No. 46.
Lafohb, Herniary Surgeon, rae Richelien, No. 46. The Maison de Sani^, grande rae de Chaillot, No. 21, is under the direc- tion of M. Lafond, coiyointly with M. Duval, who resides upon the spot. This establishment, only ten minutes* walk from
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Ixxiv INTRODUCTION.
the capital, is admirably managed. Its extcnsiye gardens and fine air are very favourable to tbe patienta, and pref^nant ladies wiU find it an agreeable retreat. M. Lafond has proved , by bis Traile des Hernitt (2 vols. 8vo.), and by the perfec- tion of hU French bandages, that he can advantageously apply the rules of mechanism to surgical anatomy. His sloll has enabled him to effect several radical cures upon children afflicted with a vicious conformation; and he has been particularly successful in cases of the deviation of the vertebral column, by the application of the improved mecha- nical bed, which is at once simple and ingenious, and which he modifies according to the cases.
Latham, rue Godot, No. 1.
M ACCLOOGBLisi, Hic dc Is Paix, No. 8.
MotGAET, boulevard des Capncines, No. 1ft.
KoBBETS, Surgeon and Apothecary to the late British Embassy, London Dispensary, place Vendome, No. 23^ comer of tkt me de la Paix. Depot for genuine English medicines.
Sbvsstb, rae Favavt, No. 8.
Youao, rae de la Paix, No. 21.
CUPPER. Bacblbr, hotel de la Marine, rae dc Gaillon, No. 23.
MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENTS, btc.
Bblhommb (Dr.), rae dc Charonne, faubourg St-Antoine, No. 161 . This establishment, of many years standing, is prin- cipally devoted to tlie cure of persons of both sexes afflicted with mental derangement.
GmRASTicEsTABLisBMBifT, rae de Clerv, No. 9, under the direc- tion and management of mademoiselle Masson, who attends every day from 12 to 5.
DENTISTS.
Dbsibabodb, Palais-Boyal, No. 154, or rae de Valois, No. 19, on the second floor, Surgeon and Dentist of ^e Faculty of Paris, has carried his art to its highest degree of perfection : his artificial teelh are remarkable for their scAidity and brilliancy, and have acquired him an European reputation.
VLBHiircx, rae CoquiUiere, No. 32, Manufacturer of Mineral Teeth ; executes commissions for foreifli countries, on very moderate terms. Persons who do him the honour of calling on him are not exposed to meet. Itfr. V. speaks English.
AGENT.
Maxch and Co., Eouse and Commercial Agents, rae Castiglione, No. 8.
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PlaiS DIBECTOllY. \\XV
ATTORNEYS (Eii«i.ish.) ""
Del^graagSv Chamber GowmcI, rae d'Haaofrte, No. 6.
Mills, rae Sl^oboic, No. 389.
Okbt, Barrialcr and Chamber CouBiel, rae da favbovrf; 8t.-
HonoK, No. 35. SLOPaa, phceDavphme, No. 12.
CHOCOLATE BUNUFACTURER.
A L'AMBaiCAiH, rae Nenve-des-Pedtt-Champs, No. 14, coracr of the rae Richeben. Hiloif, fuccessor to M. Pelletier, Patentee, manuhictiircs his chocolate bv means of a steam- engmc. The hteh pression of the c^Unaen procnres a denec of tritunlioii and finenew in the gnm of the chocolate, wliich is not to he eqoaUed by any other process. The marble sUbs on which these cylinders work are constantly kept at an eqnal degree of beat, which pf^serves the entire flaTonr of the cocoa. This manner of lahricating chocolate renders it very superior both in qoali^r u^d cleanliness. Any sort of choco* late may be procured nesh at this warehouse, by ordering it one day beforehand. M. Heloin has also a Urge assortment of teas.
BREWER. Wi;(TBB (Robert), corner of the allee des Veuves, in theChanms- Elys^es, the odI^ English Brewer and DistilVer in Paris ; makes porter, ale, whisky, etc., etc.
WINE-MERCHANTS.
Bbbbiabd and Co., rue Chauchat, No. 7 ; well known in England for their wines and brandy. They have a second establishment
at Bordeaux. Cabbib (Senior), rae Blene, No. 32. Superior and ordinary
Bordeaux wines. H. Carrie, receiving these wines direct from
the proprietors, can warrant them genuine, and is enabled lb
sell them at the same terms as on the spot where they are
grown. Coi.1 NBT, passage des Petits-P^s, No. 3. Red and white wines
of ordinary and superior quality, genuine Ghampaioi, etc.
Sells by the cask or in bottles. He is agent of Messrs. Trachy,
Rose, and Co. Lahgan (Francis], rae de la Michodiere, No. 20, Wilie-Merehant
to the British Embassy, sells all sorts of French and foreign
wines, in casks and bottles. Shipments made for aU parts of
Great Briuin. Mbukibb (Lewis) and Co.,raedesSaints-P^re8, No. 22, sell the
best French and foreign wines. Burgundy, etc., etc. Ship^
ments made for England. AU his prices are stated i« 9.
priuted list.
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IxXVi IllTROBUCTlOy.
• ITAUAN WAREHOUSE.
MiiLLB and Loodk, hdtel des Am^ricaint, rae St.-Hnnore, No. 147. Wine, liqueur, and Italian warekouae; the oldest of the kind in Paiii, having connexiona with eveir qoaiter of the g^ohe. This establishment has, for the last lo years, fur* nished his Britannic m^esty and the princinal personages of his court with its numerous and select articles.
DISTILLER.
GatLiH, Patentee, rue St.-Honore, No. 188, Inycntor of the JEau JtoralB—Eau de Cologne h la roie^Parfunu de la Gmriande-^Cr^me au IJeurre de CaeaOf and of the Beaume de Perou^ which is an excellent specific for chil- blains. Mr. G. has a stock of every article of perfumery , whole- sale and retail, at moderate prices.
PASTRY-COOKS.
GoBAAB, English Pastry-cook, rue de Rivoli, No. 36. Tatbbnixe, from London, English Confectioner and Italian Warehouseman, rue St.*lIonore, No. 353 bit,
SILK, BLONDE, LACE, GABIBRIC, btc. WAREHOUSES.
A l'Hbritibbb, rue St.-Honore, No. 366, comer of the place Vend6me, No 1. This large establishment has a fine as- sortment of silks, shawls, cachemires, cambrics, etc., at moderate prices.
Au Gbaho Colbbbt, rue Vivienne, No. 2, silk warehouse; fancy articles, assortment of hosiery and shirts, cloths of all quduties at fixed prices. There is a taylor in the establish-
Av Pbtit Chjlpbboh Rougb, rue St.-Honore, No. 326. Silks, cambrics, shawls, merinos, mantles, silk and thread stockings, and fancy articles of every description.
lloBTT (M.^, rue Richelieu, No. 89, Mercer to the court, sella silks, bail dresses, and every sort of fancy article.
Cbabliat, rue Vivienne, No, 12, Manufacturer of blonde, em- broidery, plain and ball dresses, mantles, and a variety of fancy articles.
FBBAifD and Massibu, Manufacturers of blonde, silks, etc., rue Neuve-St.-Augustin, No. 18.
Hbrhbcabt (J.], rue Th^venot, No. 14. Large warehouse for lace, blonde, gauze, silks, scarfs, veils, dresses, and a variety of embroidered articles.
Liav^a-TmiftooT, passage des Petits-Pires, No. 9, Manufacturer of Uce, blonde, and embroidery , obtained a prize medal in 1 827.
Rbicbx, rue du March^ St.-Honore, No.4, Manufacturer, has con- stantly a large assortment of everr article in embroidery ; as dresses, camezous, pelerines, collars, pocket-handkerchiefs,
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PAKtS DIRECTOKY. IxXYli
caps, etc., At 20 per cent lower thui at any iliop. He has alto cambric aad bee of the best quality.
DBESS AND COESET-MAKERS. GLXHxacoH ( Blme.), rae du Port Hahon, No. 8, near me Lovia-lc- Grand, Stay-aiaker to the comt and to several forei^ prin- ce sses, is well known for the perfection of her corsets a la
Marie Siuart* HviTTn-LAncHia ( Mme.), rue Vivienne, No. 4, Dress-maker to the court, successor to Mme. Maradon, from London, makes dresses, mantles, and every other article of wearing apparel for ladies, in the neatest and most fashionable style.
TAYLORS.
Baebb and Co. Hnsee de la Mode, rue Vivienne, No. 8. This boose is one of the first in Paris. It constantly displays an extensive variety of novel and handsome articles for gentle- mens' dress, and is much frequented by foreigners, particu- larly Englishmen and Americans.
M. Barde, the head of this establishment, is about to publish an ** Encyclopedic ties Modes,* each part of which will con- tain upwards of 3,000 pattcins of articles of dress, showing how to take the measure of every size and shape not actually de- formed. In all countries where the Paris and London costumes are adopted, it will not be possible to fail in finding a model in this collection, from which to take measure, whatever may be the fashion of the day, affording important advantages to all who are extensively engaged in this line of business. The Prospectus and General Table of Contents may be had at all the principal booksellers both in France and foreign countries. DaAPPiaa, Taylor to the duke of Bordeaux, Patentee of the
king and the duchess of Berry, rue Neuve-St.-Roch, No. 23. FaoGKK, boulevard des Italiens, No. 15. Coats in the newest French and English fashion ; umforms, riding-habits, etc. This is an excellent nonse. GiRAan and Wirth, rue Feydeau, No. 26. ScHOBNBHAiT, me dc laChaussee d*Antin, No. 28. This eAablish- ment, weU known to the En|;lish, is highly to be recommended for the finish and dispatch with which work is performed. M.S. having long resided in London, is perfectly acquainted with every thinjgp connected vrith his busmess that can please the taste of his English customers.
Stxub, rue Richelieu, No. 92 (formerly rue St.-Marc, No. 10). This establishment is the first which assumed this name. In order to avoid mistakes, foreigners are requested to attend to the above No., as persons of the same name and business have established themselves in the same street.
Stbbib, Taylor to his royal highness the grand duke of Baden , rue Rameau, No. 1 1 .
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Ixxviil IMTttODlXTIOW.
fiOOT AND SHOE-MAKERS.
AsHL BT (J.), Boot and Shoe-maker, rue de la Paix, No. 24 (formerly rue Viyiemie, No. 16). ThU is one of the best houses in Paris.
Unkblbacb, rue du faubourg; St.-Honori, No. 23.
HATTER. Chbett, rue Feydeau, No. 20.
JEWELLERS, GOLDSMITHS, btc.
DiDiOT, galerie du Palaift-Royal, No. 166, at the Golden BaU, has a Urge and elegant assortment, comprising every article for the table and the toilette, or for the decoration of the person, which he can venture to put into competition with an^ thing that can be produced for richness, taste, workman- ship, or moderation or nrice.
Laloirb, successor to uubrault, Goldsmith and Jeweller, galerie de Valois, Palais-Royal, No. 122, has a constant supply of articles of the newest taste, at reasonable prices. ,
MBLLBaio-MBLLBa,Gold8mith and Jeweller, rueVivienne, No. 20, at the Courotine de Fer, This establishment, of more than a century's standing, is known throughout Europe, and is highly to be recommended for the probity with wliich business is conducted.
BRONZIST.
Dbnibrb, Member of the Council General of Manufactures and Knight of the Legion of Honour, rue Vivienne, No. 16. Manu- factory rue d'Orlcans, au Marais, No. 9. This house, which has been in high repute for 30 years, and has upwards of 200 artizans constantly employed in the found^ and bronze-works, is unquestionably the Erst of the class. M. Deni^re has been distinguished for many chefs-^csuvre among which may be reckoned the bronzes in the palace of the
Srince of Orange, at Brussels, and those in the royal palace at ladnd ; the iron gates and enclosure of the hotel des inyalides at Paris ; the state coach for the coronation of his ex-migesty Charles X ; the cradle for the duke of Bordeaux, and a magni- ficent plateau for the table of a Russian nobleman, besides other most splendid articles for tlie court of England, Westphalia, and othen, all of which were of such chaste and rich designs, and exc^uisite finishing, that they commanded the great pnxe, con- sisting of a gold medal, in 1823, and another in 1827, with the insignia of the Legion of Honour.
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PAlUft DIBECTORT. Ixiix
H)RCELAIN WAREHOUSES, btc.
Con»AiiT(C.), lUrector of Ihe only iiep6c of porcelain from the 'Ro^fal Manmfactory at Scares, ne de RWoU, No. 18. Tbia etUbluhment is open to the public ever^ daVi Sundays and feskirils excepted, mm eight in the morning till the close of the day: it wu principally founded for the conYenicnce of fo- reignen ;and exhioits a great variety in sixe, form, and colourings of the moat handsome productioaa of the celebrated manafac- tary at Seyrcs. The establishment has rooms annexed to it for the painting of porcelain and other vitrificated substances.
UPHOLSTERERS.
AixL, EngHahCalnnet- Maker, Upholsterer and Undertaher, rue du Colyaee, faubourg St. Honore, No. 10, has English carpeU and fnimtiite of erery description for sale or hire.
VAcmn (Gea.^, successor to hu father, rue Lailitte, No. 1, fo^ merl^ rue d Artois, has a large auortment of every article of furniture, bronxe, etc. His correspondents in London are Messrs. Redhead and Spiers, Trinity-square, No. 35; in Calais, E. Mancel ; at Havre, Messrs. Grandin and Alix.
ViLMiT, Upholsterer, rae Richelieu, No. 86.
CARPET MANUFACTORY AND WAREHOUSE. Fovaifiia, me de Grammont, No. 14 f formerly in the passage d'Artois), manufactures beautiful Aubusson and other carpels as well as tapestry for hangings or covering chairs, sofas, etc. An extensive assortment of mocpette and other ordinary car- peting.
CUTLER AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENT MAKER. CiaTna, (the only Enelish cutler in Paris), rue de I'Od^on, No. 34, Manufacturer of aU kinds of cutlerjf, surgical instruments, various apparatus for the relief and cure of every species of deformity, patent and other trusses, backboards, monitors, collars, horticultural implements, etc. English soap, and fancy articles for the toilet. Cutlery carefully repaired,
OPTICIANS, ETC. CnavAi-LixE, Optician and Mathematical Instrument Maker to the * ' r and royal family, Member of the ancient Royal Academy
of Sciences, and of several Royal Academics of Scienees at Amiens, Metx, etc., etc., and Medalist at the Ute Exposition of the productions of the Arts and Manufactures of France, Tour de lUorloge du Palais, No. 1, on the quay facing the marche aux Fleurs. The public will notice among the innumerable ingemous
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IXXX INTRODCCTION.
productions of M . G.*s manafactnrc, isoceatric and chromatic glasseSf tinted blue, approved by the Royal Academy of Sciences, camera-obscuraa and camera-lncidas, sight-preservers, cases of mathematical instruments, mounted in silver or brass, doable- sifi^ted eye-glasses, commonly known by the name of Jumetles, which weve mvented by him, and first brought out in the year 1 807, barometers and thermometers of every description, selligne microscopes, approved by the Royal Academy of Sciences, celestial and terrestrial telescopes of every diameter from the ^ smallest, up to seven inches, and an optical scale of his own invention calculated for determining the relative line of perspec- tive of any two objects, also accurate areometers, saccnarome- ters, galameters, centesimal areometers, gleuco anometers, galactometers, cafeometers, invented by H. Cadet de Vaux, chemical polymeters, and small alembics for essaying v¥ines, invented by M. Descroizilles. This establishment was founded, in 1740, by the ancestors of the present scientific possessor who succeeded to it in the year 1796.
GUN-MAKER. LaiT09, rue Richelieu, No. 67, formerly foreman at the Royal Manufactory of Arms at Versailles, has a large stock of fowling- pieces, pistols, and fire-arms of every description. Lbltor is the Patentee of a very ingenious piece with four barrda which are fired from one lock, and also of a newly-invented donbU * barelled gun which is charged at the breech.
FENCING-BIASTER. ll4TBiBir CaoLOH, rue de Grammont, No. 21, Member of the Legion of Honour ; professor of the 1 stfclass ; his name is known J thronghoat England and France; and his establishment, ' which is on a most respectable footing, may be highly recom- mended.
WATCH AND CLOCK-MAKERS.
Leeot, Palaift-Royal, Nos. 13 and 1&.
SocaiAU and BoiicHsa, rue Feydeau, No. 20, have a large assortment of watches and clocks of every description, at moderate prices, which thev undertake to deliver in London.
VisL-RoBi!f , rue des Foss^s-Montmartre, No. 21. i
MINIATURE PAINTERS. GnAroif, Miniature Painter to his majesty Don Pedro, Palasi-
Royal, No. 65. SiBORAC, rue de Seine, No. 56, faubourg St. Germain. The
beautiful portraits of Moore and Washington Irving, published
by Messrs. Galignani, are engraved from his miniatures. Mr. S.
gives lessons in dravring and miniature painting.
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PARIS DifiEcroar. kui
HISCELULNEOUS.
AxPBOKSB Gnoox and Co., rae da Coq St.-Hoiiare, No. 7 . This 'warehouse presents the largest display of fane j articles in Paris, and has become a gpieral resort of the beau monde, attracted by the variety of objects of taste it exhibits in bronse, cabinets work, writing and dressing cases, drawing and woA boxes, and paiticaJarlY in articles of a delicate wood, of the nature of tht Tnnbriage ware, for paintine, mingled with highly finished toys, articles in morocco and other rich and eleeant materials. ETcry article is finished to the ntmost perfec- tion, and the prices are moderate. The amatevr may al«o be gratified witn a very beautiful collection of modem paint- ioBgs and drawings, which is open to his view from 12 to 4 o'clock.
PALHxa, Pabis-Royal, No. 36. This old-esUblishcd Enelish warehottie can he strongly recommended for every article of Qsefnl and ornamental cutlery. It is also abunaanthr pro- vided with a variety of sUtionery and perfumery, as well as a choice of Russia dressing cases, portfolios, pocket books, card cases, Bramah's patent locks and pens, drawing pen- cils, Nevrman's colours, whips, and umbrellas, Seidlitz and soda powders, onodeldoc, and generally every description of pills, salts, powaers, and lotions commonly used by the Eng- lish. The whole warranted genuine and at moderate prices.
BoBiR (Pere et Fils], rue Ghoisenl, No. 12, have a ven^ large maniifactory of lannr articles in fine cabinetwork. Scotch, Tun- bridge vtrare, and ^pa boxes ; writing, drawing and dressine cases; with an extensive and varied assortment of paints and varnishes, brushes and lead pencils, chi^s ana crayons, tracing machines, paper and every other material for the amateur or artist.
RoFviB, me Danphtne, No. 12, op|K>site the Poot-Neuf, buys gold and silver, and all sorts of jewellery, old snd new, as well as cloth, linens, household furniture of all kinds, ladies and ^tlcmcn's wardrobes of every fashion and description ; (w will lend money on the same. He will also purchase the tickets of goods of every kind pledged at the Mont-de^Piet^. The entire conducted in the manner the most liberal, and with honour and aecreey.— All letters to be post-paid.
Bosnn, rae du Chantre St.-Honore, No. 26, near the Palais- Boyal. Cabinet of paintings and objects of art.
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GUIDE OF PARIS*
CHAPTER I.
kJi HISTORICAL SKETCH OF PARIS.
The origin of Paris and the character of its first in- habitants are necessarily involved in deep obscurity. According to historians whose opinions are generally received, an errant tribe obtained permission of the Senonesy at a very remote period, to settle upon the banks of the Seine, near their territory. Upon the island now Called la Citd they constructed huts, which served as a fortress for them to reti^eat to with their flocks and effects when an attack from any of the neigh- bouring tribes was apprehended . To their fortress they gave the name of Lut^y and themselves assumed that of Parisiiy which most probably was derived from their contiguity to the country of the Senones, tlie word par and oar heing synonymous, and signifying frontier. According to this derivation the Parisii would be dwellers on thefrmitier.
Upon the oonqiiest of Gaul by Julius Caesar, half a century before the Christian ei'a, he found the Parisii one of the 64 tribes of the Gallic confederation, whose chief town was Lutkce. The island, covered with rude huts, was defended by the waters of the Seine, over which there were twa bridges. The banks of the river were covei^ y^th gloomy forests or extensive marshes, and the inhabitants, who were remarkably fierce, em- ployed themselves in navigation and fishing.
Caesar convoked at Lut^ce an assembly of the Gallic tribes, to consult upon their diversified interests. Shortly alter, being obliged to return to Italy, the Gauls endea- voured to shake off the Roman yoke. A league, into which the Parisii entered, was formed against the con-
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2 AN' HlSTOaiCAL SKETCrr
conqueroi'S, and a general revolt broke out. Labieuiu, Caesar's lieutenant, pi^esented himself before Lut^e, and was twice repulsed ; but having made himself master of Melun a^d the banks of the Seine, he descended upon the Parisii. The latter set fire to their forti'css, and, with Camulogene at their head, awaited upon the ad- jacent heights the attack of the Roman legions. Au obstinate and bloody action ensued, in which the Gauls were compelled to yield to numbere and superior mili- tary skill. Camulogene and many of his brave men perished, and those who escaped fled to the adjacent forests.
CsBsar rebuilt Lutece, fortified it with walls, and defended the approach to it by two foiis at the exti*e- mities of the bridges. The ferocious divinities of the Gauls were then exchanged for Roman superstitions, and human blood ceased to flow upon the altai-s of the Druids. Jupiter was worshipped at the eastern exti'e- mity of the island ; Mara had a temple at Montmaili^ ; Isis was adored at Issy and upon the site of the abbey of St.-Gennain-des-Pr^s ; and Mercury had a temple upon the Mons LeucoUiius^ now called Moniagne Ste,- Genevieve. The Roman laws and a municipal govera- meut were gradually introduced ; and the city w^as called Paris^ after the name of the tribe to whom it belonged. A trading company, denominated NouUb Parisiaci, was formed, and the Romans delivei^ to the uncivilized Gauls their flrst lessons in the arts and sciences.
During 5oo yeai*s that the Romans remained masters of Paris, it was constituted the i^sidence of a prefect, and buildings wei^e constructed on the northern and southern banks. A palace was erected in the Cite for ijnunicipal purposes ; and another upon the soutli bank of the Seine, remains of which are still to be seen. An arena was formed upon the declivity of the hill of St.- Victor, and a cemetei'y near the spot where the place St.- Michel has since been opened ; an aqueduct was con- structed from Chaillot, i*emains of which were dis- covered in the last century in the place Louis XVI, and. the Palais-Royal ; and a second aqueduct, to convey the
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OF PARIS. 5
mraters of Arcueil to the palais dcs Thennes. Several of the emperors resided here whilst tlieir armies were engaged in repelling the attacks of the barbarians of the noi-th. Constantine and Constantius visitrd the capital of the GauJs ; Julian passed three wintert in it ; Valen- tinian issaed several laws here, which are published in his code ; and Gratian, his son, lost a bdttle under its walls, which cost him the empire.
According to a legend of the monks of St.-Denis, tlie
ryeX was hrst preached at Paris, about the yeai* 'jdo, by Denis, the areopagite, who suffeitKi martyrdom upon the hlU of Montmartre. We are ignorant where the first Christians held their assemblies ; but as early as the reign of Yalentinian I, a chapel, dedicated to St. Stephen, was erected upon the spot whei'e Jupiter was woi^hipped, and where the cathedral of Notre-Dame now stands.
In the year 4o6, hordes of barbarians came down, from the nortli, upon the Roman provinces, which they plun- dered and laid waste. Gaul suffered greatly from their incursions. In 44^} ^^c Sicambres, of the league of the Franks, crossed the Rhine, made themselves masters of the cities situated on its banks, and came from thence to Paris, which they conquered. At their head was Clovis, who, after having married Clotilde, and embraced Christianity, fixed his residence at Paris in 624. This monarch built a church which he dedicated to i^t. Peter and St.-Paul, but which shortly after was placed under the invocation of Ste. -Genevieve, who died in his reign. At this period the island was surrounded by walls with gates and towei-s. Childebert built the abboy of St.- Germain-deS'Pr^ and the church of St.-Germain- TAuxerrois. The walls built by Clovis subsisted till the time of Louis VI (le Gros). This prince, continually exposed to the attacks of the feudal lords, his vassals, de- termined on protecting the faubourgs on the north and sonth by a wall, the necessity of which was felt long before in consequence of the repeated attacks of the Normans.
Under the kings of the first or Merovingian race, the arts, laws and literature, introduced by the Romans into
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4 AN HISTOarCAL SKETCH
Gaul, fell into decaj, and the civilization of the Paiisiai retrograded.
Few of the princes of the second or Carlovingii ^ dynasty resided at Paris. Chai4emagne afforded powei * fid protection to letters and the sciences, and did mon, for the establisliment of the monarchical authority than any of his predecessors ; but under his feebJe suc^ cessors, Paris became the private patrimony of here- ditary counts. In 845, the JNormans, attracted by the riches of the churches and convents, made a descent u)X)n Paris, which they sacked and burned in 85^. At length, after several successive attacks, they besieged it in 885. In vain did the Parisians appeal for succour to Charles-le-Chau¥e. Their own courage, seconded by the valour of Count Eudes or Odo, compelled the enemy, at the end of two years, to raise the siege. Charles was tlien deposed, and the crown given to Eudes, in whose fiimily it became hereditai^ in the person of Hugues Capet, elected king in 987. In the first year of his reign Hugues Capet began the palace which now bears the name of Palais de Justice. The inhabitants like- wise erected buildings in all directions ; and so great was the increase of tlie city that it was divided into four ([uarters, from whence came the term auartiery to ex- press a division of Paris, At tliat perioa, however, the city could not have been very large, as ten men sufficed to collect the taxes. The duties of the northera gate, which was situated at the exti'emity of the rue St.- Martin, produced, under Louie-le-Gros, only \i fr. a year (600 fr. present money). This monarch rabuilt the Louvre, wnich existed as early as the time of Dago- bert ; bishop Maurice de Sully reconstructed the cathedral of Koti'e-Dame, and the templars erected a jwlace upon the spot where the March^ du Temple is situated.
Under the early reigns of the third or actual dynasty, many privileges were conferred upon the Parisians. A royal preuSt w as appoiuttul to administer justice in the king's name; and a pr^vot des marchands to watch over the municipal interests. The schools of Paris be- came celebrated, and in the fourteenth century colleges were founded.
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or PARK. 5
Tbc reign of Philip Augustas is remarkaUe for the cditices 'With which Paris was embellished. That mo- narch buiU several churches, and the chateau of the Louvre, and caused some of the streets to be paved. Tin- inhabitants of Paris were commanded, by Philip * *.•„• flatus, to build round Paris a wail with gates and * -. ix'ts. On tlie left bank it began, a little above the \ ft des Arts, and taking a circular direction went I •ihward as far as tlie nie Grenier St.-Lazare, and f jmiuated on the qua! des Omies. On the right bank U\e waU began on the qoai a little above the ^M>t whei'e the Pnhis dc VInstitut is situated, and after running soiitUwAid to the roe dt*s Foss^ St. -Jacques, took a northerly direction, and terminated at the qnai de la TonmeUe. The river was barricadoed by a heavy chain fastened to stakes, and supported by boats. Paris then formed three divisions — ia Cili, in the centre ; la w//«, ' on the north ; viAf University on the soutli of the nver. In i'jSo, Robert Sorhon founded his schools in the quartier still called de la Sorhonne^ which was also named le pays htin.
Under St.-Louis many vexatious customs were abo- lished, a better system of jurisprudence introduced, and many reUraoos and commercial institutions established. A corps df municipal troops was formed, and a night yoktrole organized. An hospital for the blind, and a school of suj^geiy werefounded ; and, in order to render contracts more binding, a body of notaries was created.
Phil]'ppe4e-Hardi adopted a project for the improve- ment of the streets and highways ; and Philippe-le-Bel established several courts of justice, and formed a body of respectable magistrates.
During the captivity of King John in England, Pans was agitated by the faction of the Maillotins, headed by Etienne Marcel, prdvdi des marchands^ and instigated by Charles-le-lMauTais. The Dauphin, who, in alarm, had onttted Paris, collected an army and returned. Maird was killed by his own partizans ; and the Dau- phin, afier quellnig the tumuh, punished the ringleaders of tlie faction. Under Charles V , the faubourgs being much extendec^
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b AN MISTORICAL SKETCH
and frequently in danger from the incursions of the English, new ditches and walls were begun in 1567, and completed in sixteen years. During tliis period the Bastile and the Palais des Tournelles were built. Paris was then divided into 16 quartiers, and contained 1284 acres of gi'ound. In i384 the pont St.-Michei, and in i4i4 *^e pont Notre-Dame, were erected.
The prosperous reign of Charles V was followed by troubles. During the insanity of Charles VI, the capital was occupied by the English, who were driven from it in 1 456, after an occupation of 16 years. Under Charles VII, and succeeding monarehs, it was desolated by famine, the plague, and wolves, to such a degree, that in 1 466 the malefactors of all countries were invited to Paris as a place of refuge, with a view to re-people the capital. Notwithstanding the dreadful moitality, the population, under Louis XI, amounted to 3oo,ooo souls, and the space comprised within the walls was i4i4 acres. In 1470 printing was introduced and the post- office established. In the reign of Francis I, who was a friend to literature and tlie fine arts, Paris assumed a new aspect. The old chateau of the Louvre, an assem- blage of towers and heavy walls, was demolished, and a palace begun on its site. Several churches were re- built, a royal coUeji;e for gratuitous instruction in the sciences and learned languages was founded, and com- munications opened between different parts of the city. In 1 533, the H6tel de Ville was begun.
Besides a number of streets which were rapidly built and peopled, the quai de la Tournelle was formed in 1 55a, the place Maubert in i558, and the chateau and garden of tlie Tuileries in 1 563. About the same time the ai^enal was constructed. To the revival of letters and the Hue arts, succeeded the wars of religion and tlieir dreadful consequences. The massacre on St. Bartholo- mew's day, under Charles IX, brought the royal authority into contempt, and alienated the affections of the Pari- sians from the idea of monarchy to such a degree, that they rebelled against HeniT HI, and drove him from his capital. His tragical end in i589 is well known. Henry IV having restored peace to tlie kingdom, occu-
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OF PAaiS.
pied himself in plans to promote his subjects' happiness ^fltfadembeiUshhis capital. DoriDg this reign tlie pont IVeuf was finished , the hospital of St. Louis was founded ; improTements were made near the arsenal ; the place Royale and its streets, the place Dauphine, the i-ue Dauphine, and the neighbouring quays were also formed. Great additions were made to the palace of the Tui- leries ; and the splendid gallery was constructed which joins it to the Louvre.
Under the reign of Louis XUI, several new streets were opened ; the Palais Royal and the palace of the Luxembourg were begun ; the Cours la Reine was planted ; the acmeduct of Arcueil was rebuilt ; tlie quays and bridges ol the Isle St. Louis were constnictod ; magnificent hotels arose in the faubourg St. Germain ; the college which afterwards assumed tlie name of Louis^ le-Grana, and the Garden of Plants were foimded ; statues of Henry IV and Louis XIII were erected ; and such was the general augmentation of the capital, that the faubourg St. -Honoi^ became united with the villagf*s of RooJe and ViWe-rEvdque, and the faubourg St.-Aii- toine with the villages of Popincourt and Reuilly.
In the reign of Louis XIV, notwithstanding the long and disastrous wars of the Fronde, the projects of Heni'y IV and Louis XIII were cairied into execution. More than eighty new streets were opened, and most of the old ones improved and embellished. I'he place Venddme and the place des Victoii-es were foi*med. Thirty-three churches were erected ; many of the quays were fenced with stone, and a new one formed ; and for the greater convenience of the courts of justice, the building of the grand Chfttelet was ei'ected. The mag- nificent hdteJ des Invalides, a foundling hospital, the Observatory, the beautiful colonnade of the Louvre, the Pont-Royal, which foi*ms a communication between the Tmleries and the £iubonrg St.-Germain, and the plant- ing of the Champs-Elys^es, were among the embellish- ments of Paris in the reign of Louis XIV. The palace of the Tiiileries was enlarged, and the garden laid out upon its present plan and scale. For the old city gates were substituted triumphal arches, of which those of
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8 km HISTORICAL SKSTCH
St. -Deals and St.-Maitm itill remain; and the boolo- ▼ard, which they ornaineDt, forms, with the Champs- Elysdes, an unintemipted suite of promenades, which contribute equally to the salubrity and beauty of the capital. In Uiis and tlie preceding reign, the ancient Josses (moats) were filled up, the situation of which is indicated by the sti*eets tliat still bear the name of rue des FossSs-Montmartr^^ etc.
Louis XY was not less anxious to embellish the me- tropolis, which, at his accession to the throne, occupied a space of Sgig acres. The faubourgs St. -(Germain and St.-Honor^ were decorated with sumptuous hotels ; the palais Bourbon was erected ; the Ecole Militaire was founded, and the new church of Ste. -Genevieve arose on a majestic plan. The place Louis XV and its colonnades were begun, the Champs- Ely s^s replanted, and the Ecole de Mddecine erected . The manufactory of porce- lain at Sevres was established, and boulevards formed on the south of Paris. Sevei'al fountains were ei*ected ; and among them that of the rue de Grenelle, by the cele- bratea sculptor Bouchai^on. Another foundling hos- pital was established ; the h^onts of St.-Sulpice and St.- Eustache constructed, and the Garden of Plants enlarged and enriched . To arrest the progress of smu^ling, the faiiners-general of the taxes obtained of Louis XV, in 1784, authority to enclose Paris with an immense wall. The new boulevards, and the villages o* Chaillot, le Roule, Mouceaux and Clichy were included within tlie bounds of Paris ; Montmartre would also have been en- closed within the walls, but upon the warm remon- sti^ances of the abbess of the coiivent in that village, the project was abandoned. By this extension of the bounds of Paris, the ground upon whKfti the capital stands was augmented to 9868 acres. The walls are divided by 60 gates, called barri^res, where the octroi or entrance duties are received. These walls form the pi'esent enclo- sure of tlie French capital.
Louis XVI, desirou;! of completing the embellishments begun by his predecessors, continued the chuix;he sof Ste .- Genevi^ and la Madeleine, and built that of St.-Phi- lippe du Roule and several others . He also repaii-ed the
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OF PABiS. 9
"Palais de JastiGe, and founded or augmented leveral cKaritable uutitutions.
Tlie boulevards to the south were adorned with houses and. pleasure grounds ; and, in tlie northern faubourgs, habitations, displaying an elegant and varied taste, were erected.
The French theatre, the French, Italian, and comic opera-houses, and other theatres, arose in such ouick succession, that they seemed as if produced by magic.
The old markets were enlarged, and new ones formed ; the fountain des Innocents, the master-piece of Goujon, wa^ eiLhibited in an insulated mass; and the cupola of the Halle aux Bleds seemed to rival that of the Pantheon at Rome. Steam-engines were established on the banks of the Seine, for the distribution of water to different quarters of the city ; and the pont Louis XVI formed a communication between the faubourg St.-Honor^ and that of St. -Germain.
The new walls of Pkris, with their barriers like tri- umphal gates, were4^nished towards the end of this reign. The galleries of the Palais Royal, furnished witli shops of every kind, gave the Parisians an idea of the bazaars of Egypt and Persia ; and the Mont-de-Pi^e was instituted in the Marais, with dependencies in ail parts of Paris.
Upon the breakiuff out of the ; evolution, the Bastile was demolished, and the reign of terror threatened the roonuments of the fine arts with destruction . But under the Dii-ectory, the museum of the Louvre was opened, and during the consular and imperial government, Paris assumed more than its former splendour, iirand pro- jects of public utility were adopted, and many were executed with unexampled celerity . The place du Car- rousel was disenciunbered of the deformed buildings which arose in front of the Sovereign's palace; the Louvre was completed ; the new gallery between that ))alace and the Tuileries was begun, and the garden of the Tuileries was improved, while the magnificent rue de Rivoli gave it a more striking appearance, and the streets carried through the place Vend6me to ihe boule- vards, established a fine communication between that garden and the Chaussee-d*Antiu : a new and spacious
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10 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
market was fonned on the site of the convent des Jaco- bins, near the nie St.-Honor<J ; another near the abbey of St.-Martin-des-Champs, and a third near St.-Geimain-des- Pr& : three handsome bridges werebnilt, and new quays were formed on each bank of the river. The place de la Bastile, intersected by a navigable canal, was begun, with a spacious basin for boats and barges, and where a colossi monument, while it strikes the spectator with wonder, will afibrd an ample supply of water to the neighbourhood. Near it a vast granaiy of reserve was constructed ; the bank of France was established in the hotel Toulouse, and a magnificent Exchange was begun . The canal de I'Ourcq was brought to the gates of Paris, and a spacious and elegant basin formed for it near the ban'ier de la Villette. Fifteen new fountains were erected in different parts of the city, and several wide sti'eets and spacious markets were opened. The palace and gaixlen of the Luxembourg were improved and en- larged, and tlie colunm of the place Yenddme erected. The three great cemeteries weix* definitively fixed with- out the barriers ; and five public slaughter-houses, called Abattoirs, wei*e constructed at the extremities of the faubourgs. The churclies of Paris, devastated during the revolution, were repaired and embellished. More than 4i00o,ooo sterling were expended on these works and embellishments in the course of twelve years.
Louis XVIII, restored to the throne of his ancestors, and since his death, Charles X, continued with activity all the improvements and enil^ellishnients of the capital . The waste ground between Chaillot and Passy is laid out in public walks, shaded with trees ; the cquesti*ian statue in bronze of the great Henry, **the hero and father of his subjects,'' has resumed its former station on the Pont-Neuf ; statues of Louis XIII, Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI, and Louis XVIII erected; the splendid new Exchange finished; a Chamber of Deputies and three new bridges constructed ; a new quariier com- menced near Chaillot; several bari'iers completed; two new opera-houses built ; a chapel constructed in the Temple, another in tlie rue d'Anjou ; and a third on the site of the French opera-house, where the Duke
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OF PARIS. II
of Berry inras assassinated ; several convents and semina- ries re-established ; many diurches built, repaired, or embellished; and the quay des Champs- Elys^s and other quays finished. To conclude, besides the works above mentioned, those of tlie triumphal arch at the bar- i*ier de TEtoile and the church de la Madeleine have been consideiabiy advanced, or are now in active progress.
CHAPTER n.
OF THE PRESENT STATE OF PARIS, PRTSIGAL APfD MORAL.
Situation amdClimati. — ^Paris is situated at 48*^ So' i4" north latitude, and 'i? !2o' i5" east longitude from Greenwich ; or ^o^ 1 1' from the meridian of the western point of Ferro Island, the most western of the Canaries. The French reckon their first meridian from the royal Observatory of Paris. The longest day is i6 hours 6 minutes, and the shortest 8 hours lo minutes. The soil of Paris is 1 1 1 French feet above the level of the sea. The distance of the capital from the principal towns of Europe and France is as follows :—
Amsterdam 150
Berlin 247
Bordeaux 147
Brussels 71
Calais 67
Constantinople . . . 600
Copenhagen .... 282
Dresden 240
I>iinkirk 68
Hamburgh 166
Lisbon 430
London 105
Lyons 119
Madrid 320
Marseilles 208
Milan 214
Naples 474
Rome 382
Stockholm 450
St. Petcrsburgh ... 580
Slrasburg 121
Vienna 290
Its circumference is .13,897 *oises, or 6»/xo leagues, a5
to the degi'ee; its surface is 10,060,077 acres of 100
perches, 18 feet to the perch; its diameter about a
, leagues. The greatest mean heat is 27° of Reaumur,
* though in iSoa it rose to 291/2 degrees. The mean
term of the cold is 7° below zero. The Seine is com-
j jiionly frozen at the eighth degree below zero. In
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12 PRESENT STATE
1709 the thermometer fell to i5i/» degrees, and in tySi^ to 1 6«/« below the freezing point. The mean temperaturi - is 10" above ice. The greatest height of the bad^ometei* is a8«/» inches, the least i'jiJa inches, and the mean 1^ inches. The mean quantity of rain is 201/4 inches. The prevailing winds are from the south-west and north-east . Storms are unfrequent, and the winds are not violent. The rains are gentle, but snow is often abundant, and fogs are common. On the north, the city is screeneci by hills from the cold winds ; the greater part of it lie«H in a vast plain, with rising grounds towards the south The surrounding country, naturally calcareous and barren, is rendered fertile by the accumulation of manure . There are in Paris 26,862 houses; 1,098 streets; 27 alleys; 119 alleys, not thoroughfares; 19 bridges; 2'> boulevards; i34 passages ; 22 courts; 7 closes ; 60 bar riers ; 76 places ; ij halles or markets ; 33 carrefoure 10 cloltres; 49 <piays; and 8 wharfs. There are als<» 28 highways (routes rojrales), which lead to the capital RiVBRS. — ^The Seine, which traverses the capital fi'on* south-east to north-west, rises in the forest of Chan- ceaux, two leagues from St. Seine, in the department o: the Cdte-d*Or. It receives the Yonne, the Aube, am the Mame, before it enters Paris ; and beyond it, after collecting the tributary streams of the Oise, the Eui-c. and other smaller rivers, falls into the ocean betweei- Havre and Honfleur. The shortest distance from ib» source to its mouth is 70 leagues ; and the length oi' its course, in tlie interior of Paris, is about 2 leagues Its breadth, at the pont du Jardin du Roi, is 478 Frencl- feet; at the Pont-Neuf, it is 783; and at the pont de TEcole Militaire, 376. The mean velocity of the water is 20 inches in a second. Its inundations are not fre- quent, only 53 being reckoned since the year 822 . It« greatest elevation, which was measured with much exact- ness, was in 171 1, when it rose 24 feet 9 inches above the low waters of 17 19, lixcd at 1 1 feet 10 inches from the bottom of the bed. Upon the pont Royal and the pont de la Tournelle are metrical scales by which its elevation may be ascertained. The water, though com- monly limpid and salubrious, is apt to prove laxative to
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OF PARIS. 13
^tran^rs. Chad, eels, carp, perch, lampreys, salmon, and trout ai*e caught in it; but its chief advantage is the easy and cheap means it afibrds of supplying the capital vrith articles of consumption. The Seine communicates vritfa the Loire by the canals of Briare and Orleans ; witli the Sadne, hj the canal de Bourgogne; and with tlie Somme and the Scheldt by the canal of St.-Quentin. From the depailments above Paris, about i i,ooo boats arrive annually, with fruit, hay, com, flour, tiles, bricks, wine, hemp, flax, paving-stones, etc. ; besides about 4,5oo Qoats of tiniber, fire-wood, and charcoal. From Havre and Rouen there come about 600 boats with colo- nial produce, glass, cider, wine, brandy, salt, foreign com, etc. The average annual duties paid for the navigation of the Seine amount to 65 1 ,81 ifr.
The small river Biivre, or des Gobelins, rises between Bouviers and Guyencourt, near Versailles, and after a course of about eight leases, falls into the Seine above the Garden of Plants ; it is not na\igable, nor is its water potable, but it is useful by setting in motion several mills, and is excellent for dyeing and tanning.
IsLARBS. — ^The Seine forms three islands in the interior of Paris; the most eastern, called He Louviers^ about 1,300 French feet in length, is uninhabited, and serves as a depot for fire-wood ; it has a wooden bridge, which leads towards the Arsenal. Next is the ile St.-Louu^ about 1,800 feet in length, surrounded with quays, and inhabited since the time of Louis XIII ; it communicates ' with the rest of Paris by 3 bridges. The third island, csJled lie de la dte^ formerly terminated at the rue de HarJay, behind the Palais de Justice. Its prolongation was efiected in the reign of Henry IV, by annexing to it two small islands. The streets of /a Ci^ are in general narrow, and most of tlie houses extremely old.
Population.* — The last census of the population of Paris was taken in 1817. According to a calculation of the Births and deaths between that period and 1826, tlic capital contained, at the end of the latter year, 890,905
* KSl these calculations are given to the latest periods to which the official accounts are made up.
'1
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1 4 PRESENT STATE
soiils, or 1 76,939 more than when tlie census was taken. In the above numbers are included 474 patients in the hospitals, who belong to the suburbs or departments. The above calculation applies solely to inhabitants, pro- perly so called, independentof strangers not domiciliated, and troops, which are continually varying. The number of births in Paris, in 1826, was 29,970 ; maniages y,y55; deaths a5,34i- Of the 29,970 births, io,5oa wei'e illegitimate childi'en. Of the io,5o2 illegitimate chil- dren, 5,566 were recognised by the fathers. The nuihber of still-born children was i,54y. Of the 25,34 1 deaths, there died at their own homes 1 5,647 pereous; in the hospitals 8,669 » niili^O' hospitals 643 ; prisons 5o ; bodies deposited at the Morgue 332. Of the deaths, 12,284 were of the male sex, and 12,725 of the fe- male. The number of accidental and nolent deaths was 859 (636 male and 223 female) including oSy suicides, 8 murdered, and 2 executed. The number of suicides, attempted and accomplished, was5i 1 ; of which 333 men and, 178 women. The nnml)er of deaths by the small-pox was 240 ; and the number of children vac- cinated gi'atuitously 5,047. Of the 890,905 inhabitants of Paris, 43o are high functionaries ; 45o mem)>ers of the judicial department; 1,1 4o members of die Institute and the University ; 18,460 clerks; 47»ooo students and scholai's ; 366,ooo persons living on their income, or engaged in manufactures or trades; 548,000 workmen or labourers; 80,000 servants ; 77,200 paupers ; 10,700 sick, iniirm, and aged in the hospitals ; 19,858 found- lings ; nearly 5oo belonging to the police ; 400 advocates ; 1 1 4 notaries; i5o attorneys ; 200 bailiifs ; i5o lottery- clerks ; 3oo actoi's and actresses, 200 dancers, cho risters, and Jigurans, 3io musicians; 1,000 physi- cians, surgeons, and apothecaries ; 5oo painters and sculptors ; 38, 000 shopkeei)ers ; 600 printers and en- gravers; 1,257 pri<?^^ ^^^ nuns; i,34o cabriolet and hackney - coach proprietoi's ; 12,000 door - porters ; 47) 000 widows ; 5oo conuuercial agents, etc.; 74 bankers ; 1,671 clerks, etc. of the Post-Office; 5oo drivers of diligences and mail-coaches, 1,200 dancing-masters, music-masters, etc. In 1825, there were reheved in the
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OF PARIS. l5
hospitals? 55,575 patients; 19,588 old and infirm per- sons, and 19,858 foundlings. The population of the prisons is reckoned at 4,000.
CoMSUHPTiox.— In I Sin the consumption of Paris was as follows: — wine 956,021 liectolitres ;* brandy 3o, 574 do. ; cider and }>erry, 7,722 do. ; beer i33,5oo do. ; vinegar 20,1 54 do.; gi*apes 2,000,904 kilogi-ammes ; oxen 76,197; cows 14,1 45; calves 67,190; sheep 076,934 ; pigs and wild boars 88,47 ^ ' sausages and similar food 665,558 kilogranmies; coarse meat, sold, without weighing, 2,581,419 do. ; heads, feet, etc. of cattle 83 1, 1 57 do. ; dry cheese 1,470,202 do. ; sea-fish 4,164,678 fr. ; oystere 855,988 fr. ; fresh-water fish 56q,q66 fr. ; poultry and ^ame 8,670,413 fr. ; butter 9,58D,344fr- ; eggs 4»539,Oiifr. ; fine olive oil 6,298 hectolitres; common do. 72,5o5 do.; salt 4>o3i,6o8 kilogrammes; wax and wax candles 239,235 do. ; tallow and tallow candles 491*682 do. ; bai*lcy 74)645 hecto- litres; hops 74»5 1 6 kilogi-ammes ; hay 9, 1 70, 798 trusses ; sti'aw 149^40,626 bundles; oats 1,109,545 ncctolitres; firewood i,o65,i66 stei*es; fagots 4,007,459; char- coal 1,174,865 hectolitres; coal 9^0,722 do. ; oak and other hard wood 4^,514 steres, and 2,426,667 metres courans; deals and other white wood, 4, i3o steres, and 3,652,079 metres com^ns; laths 21 5, 124 bundles; lime 60,392 hectolitres; plaster 2,365,298 do. ; rough stones for building 1 58, 744 square metres ; free stone and other hewn stone 71, 1 85 do. ; marble and granite 1,595 do. ; slates 6,658,44i ; bricks 6,009,259 ; tiles 4,548,757 ; square pavements 7,228,285.
The consumption of flour is estimated, in ordinary times, at i,5oo sacks a-day. When bread is dearer out of Paris than within, it is earned without the city instead of being brought into it; and then the daily consumption has no fixed rule. In 1827, the loaf of four pounds varied from 1 1 to i6«/a sous, in 1829, it was as high as ui sous.
According to the calculations of Lavoisier, the con-
* For comparative scale of weijj^ts and measiuva, see Ihtbo-
DCCTIOK.
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l6 PRESENT STAT5
soniption of Pai*is, iu 1789, amounted to iQgp,'jio,ooo livres. A calculation of M. Benoiston de Ghdteau-Neuf, shows that in 18 17 it amounted to52i,2oo,ooofr.
Taxes. — The population of Paris paid, in 18126, the fol- lowing sums in taxes, etc. : — i-egisters, domains, stamps, and moi-tgages, 24,685,423 fr. ; indirect taxes 24,785, i y5 fr. ; direct taxes 25,7^8,961 fr. ;* postage 5,859,693 fr. ; lotteries 8,287,012 fr. ; customs (salt not included^ 449) 1 96 ^*'- » authorised gaming houses (loss of gamesters) 1 1 ,000,000 fr.; proceedings in criminal cases 200,000 fr. , escorte 82,000 ir. ; verification of weights and measures, 275,691 fr. ; seal duty 200,000 fr. ; interest of securities, 800,000 fr. ; drawback on salaries 2,806,000 fr. ; substi- tutes for i*ecruits 2 1 8,000 fr. ; patents 220,000 fr . ; fune- ral ceremonies and chairs in churches i ,ooo,ooofr. ; interments 1,000,000 fr. j university expenses 800,000 fr. one-tenth of the expense of tlie Royal Printing-Office 25o,ooofr. ; profit of the Bank of France 7,5oo,ooo fr. ; seizures at the barriers, 80,000 f.; city budget 5,ooo,ooof — Total 119,107,157 fr.
Food. — ^1 he following is an official estimate of the sums expended annually m provisions for the support of the entire population ofParis : — bread, flour, pastry, pulse, and ItaUan pastes 56, 85o,ooo fr. ; meat 68,528,000 fr. ; poultry and game 9, 179,000 fr. ; fresh water fish, salt nsh, sea fish, oysters, and other shell fish 8,219,000 fr. ; butter 9,563,000 fr. ; eggs 4)776,ooo fr. ; miik, a^am, and new cheese 8,566,ooo fr . ; vegetables and fruit, fresh and dried i5,7o5,6oo fr. j salt 1,817,000 fr. ; dry cheese 1,725,000 fr. ; olive oil 1,800,000 Ir.; vinegar i,5oo,ooo fr. ; brandy and liquors 1 1 ,000,000 fr . ; wine 68,327,000 fr. ; cider and perry 275,000 fr. ; beer, barley, and hops 5,100,000 fr. ; sugar, and articles made of sugar, 21,875,000 fr. ; cofiee 8,750,000 fr. ; tea, cocoa, etc. 875,000 fr. ; grocery, honey, etc. 2, 187,000 fr. ; water 4,148,000 fr. — Total 308,745,000 fr.
• Tlic following arc llie details of the direct taxes: — land tax 9,612,297 fr. ; door and window tax 1,871,066 fr. ; personal and fumilure tax 6,249,428 fr.: Ucensos 6,046,172 fr.— Total 28,778,961 fr.
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OF PARIS. 1^
'!E.ii»m«8BS OT TUX poputATioii or Paais ui i8!i6. •— Taxe» and ftimilar expenses 1 19, 107, 1 57 f.; rent 80,000,000 f . repair and enbellishment of houses ao,ooo,ooo fr. f food 508,745,000 fr. ; dress 61,749,000 fr. ; fiiel 4!2,5oo,ooo fr. ; lifting 17,431,000 fr. ; washing 5i,5oO|OOo fr. ; lomitcire 69,51 7, 5oo fr. ; education of cbiJdren 5 1,286,200 fr.; servants* wages and salaries 4o,!25o,ooofr. ; horses and their keep 25,552,ooo fr. ; carriages and harness 3,o25,ooo fr. ; ti<an8poil within Paris io,io5,ooo fr. ; tobacco and snuff 6,700,000 fr.; baths si,Boo,ooofr.; charity 1 0,000,000 fr.; new years* g^fts i,5oo,ooofr. ; theatresand exhibitions 6,200,000 fr. accouchemens 872,600 fr. ; nurses 3,5oo,ooo fr. ; phy- sicians, surgeons, and medicine 10, 126,000 fr. ; journals 5,000,000 fr. — ^Total 8^,052,195 fr., or 1,020 fr. 98 centimes for each inhabitant on the average.
TARirr or tub Octioi axd £jitrai«ck Duties. — Wine in
wood 21 fr. per hectolitre; do. in bottles 6 sous per
litre ; vioegar, verjuice, etc. in wood or bottles, 10 fr.
10 sous per hectohtre ; pure alcohol oontained in brandy
or spints in wood, brandy or ^irits in bottles, liqueurs,
fr'uit in brandy, and scented spirits in wood or bottles,
8 1 fr. 8 sous per hect. ; perry, 1 1 fr. per hcct. ; cider
and mead 10 fr. per hect. ; beer brought to Paris 4 fr.
per hect. ; beer brewed at Paris 5 fr . per hect. ; olive
oil, 4o fr. per hect. ; other oils 20 fr. per hect. ; oxen
24 fr. per $ead ; cows 16 fr. 5 calves 6 fr. ; sheep i fr.
10 sous; hogs and wil4 boars 9 fr. ; coarse meat sold
without weighing 1 5 centimes per kilogramme; sausages,
}uua8y fresh pork, salt pork, bacon, etc. 4 sous per kilog. ;
heads, feet, tripe, etc. i sous per kilog. ; fire-wood 2 fr.
perstere ; white wood 1 fr. 10 sous per do. ; faggots 5 fr.
per hundred; charcoal 16 sous K>r two hectolitres;
coals 10 sous per hectolitre; dry hay (in trusses of 6
lulogranunesj, 4 f^*- P^^^ 100 trusses ; straw i fr. ; oats
10 sous per liectolitre ; quicklime 1 fr. 4 sous per do. ;
plaster56c.per do.; rough stone i2sousper cubic mcti*e;
bewn stone 1 fr. 12 sous per do. ; marble and granite
16 fr. per do. ; large slates 6 fr. ; small do. ifv.; bricks
6 fr.; tiles 7 fr. 10 sous; and square pavements 6 fr.
per 1 ,000 ', potter's clay and sand, 1 2 sous per cubic
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1 8 PRESENT STATE
metre ; turf i fr. |ier loo ; laths le fr. per loo bnndlrs ^ wood 8 and lo fr. per stere, aecoi^ing to the quality or form ; dry cheese 2 sous per kilogramme ; salt i sous per do. ; white wax, and wax ana spermaceti oindles 6 sons per do. ; hees-wax and rough spermaceti 4 sous
r;r do. ; hops 1 sous ])er do. ; tallow and tallow candles fr. per 100 kilogrammes ; barley 1 fr. per hectolitre.
Detailed instructions are annexed to the tarifi', by which its application is regulated in aU cases, and abases in levying the duties are prevented. The duty upon grapes, with certain exceptions, is fixed annually at the time of the vintage. Every driver of vehicles containing articles subject to duty, is bound to make declaration thereof at the bureau before he entere Paris ; to show his way-bill to tlie officers, artd pay the duties, upon pain of a fine eaual to the value of the articles in question. The officers nave power to make any examination necessary to ascertain the truth of his declaration. Any article introduced without having been declared, or upon a false declaration, is liable to be seized. Persons in private carriages upon springs cannot be detained for the exami- nation of their packages. Every person, however, sus- pected of availing himself of such exception, in order to de- fi^aud the revenue, is liable to have his carriage examined, but if no fraud be found, he can lodge a complaint against the officer. The officers cannot use the probing-iron in their examination of boxes, packages, etc. declared to contain goods that may suffer damage. Diligences, waggons, carts, cabriolets, and all caiTiages for transport are subject to examination. No individual, whatever be his dignity, office, or functions, is exempt from the duties.
GoMMBRcs. — Before the revolution, Paris could scarcely be called a commercial city, its exportation and mer- cantile speculations being upon a very limited scale. But it is widely different at present. Its chief commercial operations are transacted by sixty principal banking- houses, and about 900 merchants. The negotiation of public or private funds is committed to sixty sworn stock-brokei's, called agens de change^ who alone can legally certify the price of stocks and the
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OF PARIS. ig
course of exchange. The courtiers de commerce, who are sixty in number, exercise the same power on the current price of gold and silver bullion, and raw mate- nals of erery kind. These two companies meet respec- lively for this purpose daily, after the Exchange is cloised. Every week the Chambre de Commerce, composed of the prefect of the department and fifteen of tiie most respectable mei-chants, assemble at the Exchange, to consult and present to the government their views on the objects calculated to augment the prosperity of com- merce, prevent smuggling, etc. In order to settle dif- ferences that arise, in commercial affairs, an assembly of the notable merchants of Paris choose from among tliem- seives a tribunal, consisting of a president, eight judges, and fi fteen assistant judges [suppl^ans) , whose nomination is confirmed by the l^ing- The tradesmen of Paris are computed at58,ooo. The amount of goods and mer- chandize exported to foreign countries in iS'jj, was, according to the declairaitions made at the Custom- House, 4^,495,541 fr. In 1824 it was 4B,4ii7 ^91 f^'-i and in 1826, 58,566,888fr.
Majiupaci-cees.— Manufactures were in a languishing state in France before the administration of Colbert. Louis XIV established the manufactory of Plate Glass, in the fauboarjff St.-Antoine; of tapestry, called des Gobe» lins; and of carpets, in the buildings of the Savonnerie. These public establishments and a few private enter- prises were attended with success. Upon the breaking out of the revolution, Fran/ce being cut off from com- munications with other nations, was compelled to em- ploy her internal resources, and many new inventions, with machinery and ingenious processes, were intro- clnced. Some great capitalists, assisted by skilful artists, established in the vast buildings of the suppressed mo- nasteries, manufactories of every kind. The royal tobacco and snuff manufactory, at Gros-Caillou, which is a government monopoly, employs 5oo men and 540 women, whose wages amount to 58o,ooo fr. a year. About 5oo work-people were discharged, in 18*29, *^ consequence of the erection of extensive ma- chinery by an Englishman. The quantity manu-
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factured is 3,55o,ooo kilo^ammes, the product of which is 26, 1 25, GOO fr., at a net profit on the average of 4fr. per kilogramme. The tobacco and snufi* mana- factured here, form about one-fiflh of the total con- sumption of France. The fan manu&ctories, i5 in number, employ in Paris 534 ™en, 5oo women, and 166 children, besides 1200 fan-stick makers in the depart- ment of the Oise, whose total annual wages amount to 684,390 fr.; the product of fans is 1, 01 3,000 fr., of which, to the value of 1 00,000 fr . are sold in France. The papeiv hangings manufactories are 72 in number ; the work- people 4116, including 600 women and 1200 children; tjie annual wages 3,o48,ooofr . ,and product 1 3, 796, 473(r. Establishments for wool-dressing, 25 ; workpeople, men, women, and childi^n, 660; wages ii8,8oofr. for 100 days in the year ; product 6,976, 200 fr. Estabhshments for di*essing sheep-skins, 3o ; work-people, 400 ; wages 1 29,200 fr. ,for 1 90 days of the year; proauct4,644>ooofr . Woolmongers 22 ; who sell annually to the value of 1 6,72 1, 1 34 fr. Manufactories of blankets and cotton counterpanes 24; work-people io5o; annual wages 787,500 fr.; product 3,309,986 fr. Jewellery, in gold and precious gems, is manmactured in Paris annually to the amount of 16, 897,600 fr. ; and the quantity sold, including the diamonas and other precious stones im- ported ready cut, amounts to 36,827,410 fr. The value of marbles, with the workmanship, sold in Paris in 1827, amounted to 3,2o5,4oo fr. ; tliat of crystal to 3,574)000 fr. ; that of lithographic prints, circulars, etc. to 2,045,000 fr. ; that of sdkalis to 4)1^8,000 fr. ; and that of gas, induding the coke, tai*, and ammoniac waters produced at the gas-works, to 1 , 267 , 800 fr . The following ofEcial statement of the value ot many articles exported to foreign countries from Paris in 1027, will tend to show further, the importance of tlie manufac- tures of the French capital : — silk goods 8,009,202 fr. ; paper, books, engravings, etc. 4»7»7>ii2fr. j porcelain » eaithenware, glass, and looking-glasses, 2,000,492 fr. ; cotton goods 720,401 fr. ; cachemires 160,394 fr. ; wool- len goods 1, 01 8,398 fr. ; linen goods 1,237,^^41 fr- > che- mical productions 1,087,701 fr. ; skins and leatlicr
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OF PARIS. 21
^{MMis i,5o5,38i fr. ; perfumery 548,654 fr. ; silver, and silveT-gUt plate 91 a, 482 fr. ; metals (gold and silver hvl- lion excepted) 2, 45 1, 7 1 2fr.; haberdashery 1,273,88 ill'.; made up articles, sach as bonnets, etc. 5,590,659 fr.; clocks, etc. 798,960 fr. ; gold and silver trinkets I yo55y 1 2 1 fr. ; hats 1 57,709 fr. Colours, mineral acids, and salts, formerly purchased abroad at a great ex- pense, are now fabricated by the chemists 01 the ca- pital. The paper for hangings exhibits great elegance of design, and beauty of colouring. Every kind ol elegant furniture is made, as well as steel ornaments, cutlery, and arms. Bronze is fashioned into a thousand forms, and some present chefs-tToeuvre in statuary and chasing. Paris has long been famous for jewellery and trinkets, remarkable for their elegance and the perfection of their workmanship, but which certainly are wanting in solidity. The capital was formerly celebrated for the fine specimens of typography which issued from the presses of the Stephenses, the Garamonts, and tlie Bar- bous. The Didots still support its ancient reputation, by the beautiful editions which they produce. In short, the manufactures of Paris are now so extensive that their annual product amounts to 23o,ooo,ooofr.
FimB Arts. — ^Francis I introduced the Fine Arts into France from Italy. Under Louis XIV, Colbert founded the academies of painting, sculpture, and architecture ; and a few privileged scholars were sent to Rome to study the masterpieces of antiquity. The buildings erected in the reign of that prince, are impressed with grandeur. Under Louis XV the beautiful was substi- tuted for the sublime. In the reign of Louis XVI, Gondouin produced, in the School of Medicine, begun under Louis XV, a specimen of architecture pure, sim- ple, and finished ; and Vien created a new School of Painting. At present Paris possesses many artists who tread with honour in the steps of their predecessors. A lively interest for the Fine Arts was excited when the Louvre contained the finest paintings of the different schools, and the most renowned statues of antiquity ; and the ready access to the Museums, afforded to all classes of society without expense, conti'ibutes in no
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22 PHESENT STATE
small degree to cherish in the public mind an attachment to the Alts. Every two or three yeare, since 1675, there has been, at the Louvre, an exhibition of the productions of living artists.
A distribution of prizes is made annually by the Aca- demy of Fine Arts of the Institute ; and the successful candidates are sent to Rome for three yeai-s, at the expense of the government.
SciiKCEs.— The age of Louis XIV was remarkable for the excellence of the scientific works pi*oduced in France ; and the successors to the great writers of that age kept up the literary fame of their country during the long reign of Louis XV. In the early stages of the revolution, literatiu^ and science declined, but shortly after, the Polytechnic School, the Normal School, and the Institute w^ere created. The physical sciences have been cultivated in France, during the last thirty yeai'S, with the gi'eatest success ; and the names of Lagrange, Laplace, Berthollet, Vauquelin, Chaptal, Lac^p^e, Cuvier, Dupin, Gay-Lussac, Arago, De Lamarck, Thd- nard, and Haiiy must be familiar to most of our readers. The Academy of the Sciences, in the present day, is one of the first societies in Europe Scientific men of every nation are always anxious to attend the meetings, to which they can be introduced by a member to whom they are i^ersonally known, requesting that favour of the president.
Manners and Customs of the Parisians. — In this great city, where nearly a million of persons, haying very littie knowledge of each other, are collected, eacli one fixes in tlie quarter \yest suited to his fortune, or most favourable to his pursuits. The majority of the popu- lation of each quartier is composed of a pailicular class of inhabitimts, with pt»culiar habits and manners. The active and polished Parisian, in the faubourg St.-Ger- main, or the Chauss^e-d*Antin, is very different from the pensive inhabitant of the Marais, and still more from the laborious and coarae occupant of tlie northern fiiid)0urg8.
The constitution of the Pansians, in general, is good, their complexion fair, and tlie women possess those
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OF PABI8. a3
Uvely charms and graces which many think superior to heauty. The Parisian is industrious and inventive, po- lite, inquisitive, enthusiastic, and inconstant; endowed with wit and taste, hut satirical, and eager in his pur- suit of pleasure. Being naturally brave, his courage, when ill directed, has been seen to degenerate into cru- elly and ferocity ; and, from their ci*edulity and igno- rance, tlie populace arc easily led into criminal excesses. Paris has produced many great geniuses in the sciences, literature, and the fine arts. The conversation of the higher classes is polished, ana the learned are easy of access and communicative. The middhng and lower classes are good and kind; and it is ceilain that vice does not now present itself at Paris with such effrontery as in the middle of the eighteenth century.
The tradesmen of Pans, and indeed of all France, liavc an impolitic custom of asking much more than they will take. Even dieir own countrymen are obliged to bargain and cheapen with the greatest obstinacy. Tra- vellers, therefore, should be very circumspect in the pur- chases they may make.
A stranger should certainly fix himself in the neigh- bourhood of his business, of the society he frequents, or the amusements he wishes to enjoy. In the magnificent hotels of the faubourg St. -Germain, in the environs of the Tuileries, and in the faubourg St.-Honor<, are col- lected the nobility, the ministers, the foreign ambas- sadors, and strangers of distinction. The quariier Fejdeau, the Chaussee-d'Antin, and the boulevard des Italiens are occupied by bankers, capitalists, and stock- brokers. The environs of the Palais-Royal are peopled by rich tradesmen and shopkeepei*s. Here may be seen the richest dresses, newest fashions, and most precious trinkets. The hotels in this opulent and active quarter, which is at once the centre of business and diversion, are generally filled with singers.
Luxury diminishes as we approach the rue St.-^Denis; warehouses of silks, stuffs, linen, and woollens, are found towards the Pont-Neuf . The quai de la Ferraille displays its hardware. On the quai des Orf&vres are the priacipal goldsmiths and silversmiths. On the quai des
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24 PRESENT STATE
Lunettes are the opticians and mathematical-instrument makers. The Halles and the rue des Lombards are feoned for their wholesale groceries. In the rues Sainte^ Apolline and Meslay are the principal manufactories of gauze, shawls, and fancy stuffs.
The inhabitants of the Marais are genei*ally annui- tants or persons of small fortune. Lodgings here are spacious and cheap, and the manners resemnle those of the inhabitants of a provincial town.
In the tranquil and airy faubourg St.-Germain, many persons, and chiefly the old nobility, live in handsome style. Here also lodgings are cheap. Thequartier St.- Jacques is peopled by professors, men of letters, and students of law and medicine. In the neiglibourhood of the Palais de Justice reside a ^at number of ad- vocates and persons connected with the courts of law. As we approach the faubourgs, we find the labouring classes. On the borders of the river Bi^vi^e, are tanners, dyers, brewers, wool and cotton-spinning manufac- tories, and manufactories of pottery and blankets. ITie extremities of the faubourgs are occupied by waste grounds, or gardens which supply flowers, vegetables, and shrubs, tor the wants and luxury of the metropolis.
One of the most distinctive characteristics of the Pa- risians, and of the French in general, is that uniform politeness which pervades all classes. One is surprised at the ceremonies of courtesy and expressions of po- liteness among the lower orders. They greet each other in the streets with great ceremony, and always address Monsieur J Madame, or Mademoiselle. It may be ob> ser\'ed that boxing is nearly unknown in France.
The prostitutes being all under the immediate in- spection of the police, are by no means so obtrusive and ti*oublesome as in London. Many have some settled occupation during the day, and are not so profligate and degraded as in other large, towns.
The Parisians are extremely fond of dancing, theatrical entei^inments, public gardens, and promenades. In many of the families, most agreeable parties meet in the evening to join in the dance, the concert, or the card- table. A late English writer, in his description of man- Digitized by Google
OF PARIS. 25
ners and society in Paris, says of the fair sex :— " The cbaracteristic feature of their beanty is expression. Be- sides the ease of her manners, a French woman has commonly a look of cheerfulness and vivacity. The women in the middle ranks are active and industrious wives, and tender mothers. The manners of those in polished society are playful and sprightly; and in gaiety, accomplishments, grace, and modesty, the Parisian fair are inferior to none. The dress of the fair sex in France is at once modest, simple, and beautiful ; their manners are enchantingly diffident, and certainly would scarcely startle the most prim puritan of modem days. They do not address a stranger at all, but expect first to be spoken to. From this faithful portrait of female man- ners, we turn to consider the character of the other sex. Much of that attentive politeness, which existed before the revolution, has been exchanged for a more sedate manner, and a feeling of independence. The company of the softer sex is too of^en neglected for the cafiy the gaming-table, and the theatre. In this sketch of character, we must not omit to notice the scrupulous honesty of the French, in restoring lost propei'ty to its owner. The postilions, coachmen, ser- vants, etc., may generally be trusted with confidence. The tradesmen, also, though they will ask more than they mean to take for their goods, will cheerfully, and unasked, restore to you your purse, umbrella, cane, or any thing yon may have left in their shop by accident, and even if not reclaimed for a considerable time."
CHAPTER m.
KlTRG'scOUIfCn-. CHAMBEHS OF PEERS AWD DEPUTIES. KIWg's household, public OFFICEiS, ETC.
CouRciL OF MiifisTSBS.*— This council is composed of the secretaries of state, who assemble under the presi- dency of the king, the president of the council, or one of their own number. They deliberate on adminis-
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26 LEGISLATURE.
trative legislation, on all that concerns the general police, the safety of the throne and kingdom, and the main- tenance of the royal authority.
Privy Council. — The numher of the members of tliis council is not fixed. It is composed of such princes of tlic rayal family and of the blood, as the king thiuk.s proper to summon to it, and of the secretaries and ministers of state. The only afFaii^ which they discuss, are sucli as ai« sptecially submitted to them.
Council or State . — This council is composed of such membei^ of the royal family as the king may be pleased to summon, the ministers, secretaries of state, ministers of state, masters of requests and auditora. This council prepares the laws which are to be presented to the Chambci's, decides questions relative to the qualifications of electors, and pronounces upon litigations in admi- nistrative aflairs. It is divided into four sections, or committees, viz. — of justice and litigation ; the interior and commerce; the finances; and the marine and war. It is presided by the king, or the minister to whose department the question for discussion appei*tains. Some of the members employed in ordinary service^ ai-c heads of a branch of the public administi'ation at Paris ; others, in extraordinary service y fill the chief posts in the administration of the departments, and the militiry and maritime divisions. The Secretary General's office is at the Louvre. Tlie committee of justice and liti- gation assembles at the Louvre ; that of the interior and commerce, at No. io3, rue de Grenelle, faubourg St.- Germain ; that of the finances, at the hotel of the mi- nister of the finances ; and that of the marine and war, at No. 6i, ruedc rUnivei*8ite.
Chamber of Piers, Palace qf the Luxembourg , rue de Vaugirard. — ^This body forms an essential part of the legislative power. Their sanction is necessary for the enactment of all laws, u[)on which they deliberate and vote with closed doors. The chamber is com- posed of Peere created hy the King, possessing tlie heix*- ditiuy titles of Duke, Marquis, Count, Viscount, and Baron, who tiikc their scat m the chamber at the age of t-wenty-five years, and vote at tliirty. It is convoked
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LECISLATCRE. 27
by the King at the same time as the deputies of the de- partments, and has the Chancellor of France for its president. The memhera of the Royal Family and the Frinces of the Blood are Peers in their own right, but can never sit in the Chamber but by the King's com- mand. This Chamber takes cognizance of all crimes committed hj its own members, as well as cases of high-treason, and attempts against the safety of the state, or the ecclesiastical Peers, cardinals have the title of duke, archbishops and bishops that of count. The eldest sons of ]ieei'8 bear tlie following titles: — viz.: — The eldest son of a duke, the title of marquis j of a marquis, that of count ; of a count, that of viscount ; of a viscount, that of baron ; and of a baron, that of chevalier. The younger sons of peers bear the title next in degree to that of their elder biH>ther. A peer of France is always addressed as Sa Seigneurie.
Chambbb op thx Dcputies of thk Departments, Pa^ lais Bourbon. — This chamber is composed of the de- puties chosen by the electoral collegers, who are nomi- nated for seven years. They are required to be French subjects who enjoy civil rights, are forty yeara of age, and pay at least one thousand francs per annum in di- rect taxes. The pi*esident is chosen by the King, out of five candidates presented by the deputies. Its meet- ings are public, but strangers may be excluded upon the demand of fi^-e members. For the examination of law-projects sent to it by the government, the chamber divides itself into nine bureaux. It is convoked annu- aUy by the King, who can prorogue or dissolve it at pleasure. In case of dissolution a new chamber must be ci^eated within the space of three months.
Kihg's H0U8SBOLB. — The civil establishment of tlie King's household is divided into six sections, called services, viz. ist, Grand Almonry of France, of which the office and treasuiT are at No. 2, i*ue de Bourbon; 2d, Grand Master of France, hdtel d'Elboeuf, place du Carrousel; 3d, Grand Chamberlain, No. a, rue St.-Flo- rentin; 4th, Grand Equerry, office at No. i4, place du Carrousel; 5th, Grand Huntsman, office at No. a6, rue jVenve-du-Luxeiotihourg; 6th, Grand Master of the Cere- monies, No. 12, rue de Yarennes.
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King's Household Troops. — The King's Household ti^oops consist of four companies of horse body guai^, a company of oi^inary foot-guards, and the King's Ma- r^chaux and Fourriers de logis.
The companies of the horse-guards are respectively named after the princes or dukes who command them, and are distinguished by belts of different coJoui's, as follows: — Company de Croi , white ;— de Noailles, bJue ; — de Granuuont, green; — de Luxembourg, yellow. When not in attendance on the King, the two former companies keep garrison at Versailles, and the two lat« ter at St.-Geiinain-en-Laye. Their hotel or barracks at Paris are on the quai d'Oi*say.
The company of ordinal^ foot-guards occupy bar racks at No. 5, inie Neuve-du-Luxembourg.
The King's Mar^chaux and Fourriers de iogis dwell at No. a8, rue St. -Thomas du Lou\Te.
A company of guards called compagnie des gardes de la Pr&vote de PhStelj was disbanded in 1817, but the office oi Lieutenant-giindral dEp4e is still retained.
The general administration of the King's household troops IS at No. 5i , rue Chantcreine ; the treasury at the galeric Neuve, palace of the Tuileries ; and the hospital at No. 13, rue Blanche.
In this place we may speak of the royal guards, which form four divisions, two of infantry and two of cavalry . Each division is composed of two brigades and each bri- gade of two regiments.
Four marshals of France appointed by the king, per- form quai*terly, near his person, the functions of major- general of the royal guai^. The divisions are com- manded by lieutenant-generals, and tlie brigades by major-generals. They also discharge the duties of inspec- tors-geueral, and correspond directly with the minister of war.
Each regiment of infantry is composed of thi'ee bat* talioi^, organised like those of the line. Each regiment of cavalry consists of six squadrons.
The' artillery of tlie royal guards is com.posed of three regiments ; one of foot, whicn has eight companies, one '^f horse artillery, which has four, and one of ti*ain.
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^Yiich baft nx. The artilleiy of the royal guai^ds are sta- tioned at 'Vinoennes and at the EcoLe Militaire. The King is coioneUgeneral of this corps.
The general staff' is established in the Gaierie neuve^ palace of the Toileries. The hospital is in the rue St.- Dominique, Gros-Caillou.
OFFICES OF TBB llIIfISTE&$| SECEETAAIE8 OF STATE.*
MiNiSTEa OP JusTicB.-^The office and residence of the minister of justice is situated at No. 17, place Yend6me. This branch of the public service comprehends the or- ganization of the whole judicial department and tlie body of notaries ■, correspondence with the royal courts and the court of cassation; letters of grace and naturali- zation, the royal printing office, etc. The entrance to the office open to the public is at Mo. 17, rue Neuve-du- Lnxembourg.
Minister ros Fohkign A/fjurs.— Residence and office, boulevard des Capucines. This department embraces correspondence with foreign powers, the maintenance and execution of political and commercial treaties and conventions, etc. The office for passports and certifi- cates, No. 16, roe Neuyenles-Capucines, is open daily from 1 1 to 4 o'clock.
MmisTER or thi Ihtbrior.— Residence No. loi, roe de Crenelle St.-Germain. To this minister belongs tlie superintendence of the correspondence with the pre- fects of the departments ; the prisons ; benevolent insti- tutions; a^cultiu^; high-roads; premiums; learned and scientific societies ; departmental museums ; the public buildings and monuments of all France ; bridges, mines, home commerce; the granting of patents, etc.
MiifiSTBB OF War.— Residence and general adminis- tration No. 82, rue St .-Dominique. This branch of tlie public service comprehends the correspondence with the civil and military authorities upon every thing that concerns the safety of the state ; the movement of troops, the military police ; the manufactories of arms ; the
* Andienoesof the ministers mast be requested h\ letter, «iid on damped pcper.
3.
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clothing and arming of the troops ; the gunpowder ma- nufactory ; the fortifications ; the barracks and military establishments ; the military hospitals ; the hdlel des Invalides, etc.
Minister of the Marine.— Residence and general ad- ministration No. 2, rue Royale St.-Honoi^. Under the superintendence of this minister are the jMits and arsenals; the movement of the naval forces; tlie con- sti'uction and arming of vessels; the victuaUing of the naval forces ; the naval hospitals ; the correspondence wiUithe maritime prefects, etc.
Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs and Public In- struction.— No. a4» 1*^6 ^^s Saints-Pdres. To this de- partment belongs the presentation of pei'sons for arch- bishoprics, bishoprics, and otlier ecclesiastical dignities (except when the minister is a layman, in which case a prelate holds what is called the JeuUle des b^ndfices) ; affairs conceiving the catholic religion and public in- struction; the expenses of the catholic clergy; the dio- cesan edifices ; the royal colleges; the royal Courses^ etc.
Minister of the Finances. — Residence and oenei^al ad- ministration rue de Rlvoli, No. 4^- This department comprehends the taxes ; the sinking fund ; the post-office ; the lottery ; the mint ; the forests ; the extraoi^inarjr domains ; and all the establishments which yield a pro- duct to the royal treasury.
Intendant General of the King's Household.— Resi- dence and offices No. 121, rue de Gi'enelleSt. Germaini. The minister of state who holds this post has no seat in the council of ministers. Under his superintendence are all the persons connected with tlie king's household, civil and military ; the orders of knighthood ; the build- ings and domains of the crown ; the museums of Paris and Versailles ; the royal theatres ; the medal mint ; the royal manufactories, etc.
FOREIGN ABlBASSilDORS, ETC.
England. — jimbassaelor^'So. Sp, rue dn faubourg St. - Honors. — Consul^ No. 4» rue des Champs-Elys^. \ustria. —-Ambassador^ No. 107, rue St.-Dominiqua.
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LBGISL4TO&E. 3 1
Kdkia. — Embassadors ]Vo. i , medesChunpS'^ys^.
PiossiA. — Minister Plenipotentiary y No. 86, rue de Boorboit.
SpAiif. — Ambassador, No. 12, me del' Arcade.
Usmo Stitbs. — Minister Plenipotentiaty, No. 83, itie deiToiyersit^. — Consul^yo. i4, rue Plumet.
PonvQAL. —
BijiziL. — Charge {^affaires. No. 55, rue de la Pe- pini^re.
Low Cou^iTBiKS. — Minister Plentpoteniiaiy, No. 17, rue de la \ iUe-l'Ev^que.
Badeh. — Minister Plenipotentiary y No. 11, rue St. Florentiii.
Bavaiu. — Minister Plenipotentiary, No. 55, rue du Fambowrg Sl.4ioiior^.
DuTtMAMti.^MinisterPlenipotentiaryj No. q3, rue de Varennes.
Hambckb, FRixKFovr, BbbmkmaudLubkck. — Resident Minister, No. 4, me Chauchat.
iiAwrm. Minister Plenipotentiary, No. 5, rued'Autia.
Hkhb DAiMSTADrr. — Charge a affaires. No. 10 bb, rw de la VJiM'Ev^que.
^Mxckubbobgb STBSLrR, Saxi-Weimab, Saxb-GothAy etc. — Resident Minister, No. 5j, cloitre St.-Germain- TAuxerms.
Pakm A. Ckarg^daffizires, No. 1 07, rue St.-DominiqBe.
KoMK.^liuncio, No. 11, rue de la Planche.
Sabmhu. Charge iPqffaires, No. dgrneSt.-Dominiqne.
Sajloky, -^Minister Plenipotentiary, No. 31, rue de la P(tfjfMiiidre. TwoSiauss. Ambassador, No. 57, ruede FUniversit^. SwKDKN Airo Nob WAY. — Minister Plenipotentiary, No. 7, rue lVeave-<les-Capacines.
SwrnntAtiD — Charge daffaires. No. q3, rue Neuve- des-Matfaurins. TcBCAHY. MesideniMinister,^o,i3, rueViUe-FEv^que. TuBKET. — ChargS daffaires.
WoBTSMBno. — Minister Plenipotentiary, No. 11, rue Nenve-des^apuciues.
M«cw.K!i»«nwii-ScHWBBiB.— CAa/yrf ^affaires. No. i4» me de la Madeleine.
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3a LEG18LA.T0AE.
Elbctobal HsssM.^Besielent Minister, No. 7, rue de Clichy.
"N ASS AV. -^Charge d'iiffaires, No. 10 bis, rue dela Yille- I'Ev^ue.
Lucca.-** Affm^ter PlenipoterUiary, No. 12, roc de FArcade.
CHAPTER IV.
COURTS AND TRIBUNALS.
Ths minister of justice is the supreme head of all the judicial courts in the kingdom, and is the keeper of the seals. To him belongs the organization and super intendance of the entire judicial system, and of the body of notaries.
Court of Cassation, Palais de Justice. — This is the supreme court of appeal from all the tribunals of France, and is called court of cassaiioriy because it can quash (casser) the sentences of inferior tribunals. This court, when presided by the minister of justice, can cen- sm^e the cours rojrales, or inferior couiis of appeal, and can, for grave reasons, suspend the judges from their functions, or summon them to render an account of their conduct. It does not take cognizance of afiaira them- selves, but only sets aside sentences, in cases of infor- mality, or misapplication of the law ; after which it refers the affair itself to a competent tribunal. Generally speaking, tliere is no appeal to this court from the sen- tences of justices of the peace, nor from those of military and naval courts. Every year the court of cassation sends a deputation to the king, to indicate such points as it has leanied by experience to be defective in the laws. The time allowed for making an appeal, in civil matters, is three months ; in criminal matters, misdemeanours, and breaches of police regulations, oidy three days.
The court of cassation is composed of a president, 3 vice-presidents, and i5 counsellors, nommated for life by the king. It is divided into 3 sections, called sections of requests, of civil and of criminal cassation. Every decision is given by a majority of the suflTniges;
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LBGISLATOAE. 33
uid, in case of an equal diTisioa, 5 other counselloi'S are caUed in. With the court of cassation is a procurmir gAi^nd of the king, six avocats gfSnSraux^ a chief re- gistrar, and 4 under-registi^ars. A college of 6o ad\ ocates has the eidosiTe right of pleading in this court, and in the king's councils. The two civil sections have a vaca- tioo, hnl the criminal section always continues sitting.
Con HKS CoMPTEs, Coui' de la Sainte-Chapelle.— This court is the next in rank to that of cassation, and envoys iVie same preix>gatives. It examines all the prin- cipai accounts of the kingdom, and consists of a chief preadent, 5 presidents, i8 masters of accounts, 8o r^ferendmu^ a procureur general of the king, and a registrar, li ig divided into Uiree sections or chambers . The first decides matters relating to the public receipts ; the second, such as relate to me puhhc expenditure i and the third, the receipts and expenses of the communes . Every year, a conunittee, composed of the pi'esident and four commisnoners appointed by tlic king, examines the observatioQs made by the court during the preceding year. Their report is transmitted to the minister of jus- tice, who lays it before the kin^.
Cooi RovALK, P^dais de Justice.— This court is com- posed of a chief president, 5 presidents, 54 counsellors, 12 auditor-connsellors, a procureur g^n^raloitiie king, 4 ti^'ocats fin^raux^ 1 1 deputy-advocates, and a regis- trar. It is divided into 5 chambers; 5 civil, one of appeal from sentences for misdemeanours, and one for indictments, exclusive of the court of Assizes, which holds two sessbns monthly, and consists of one section or twOf according to the number of prisoners for trial. For the assizes, the keeper of the seals, or the first presi- dent, zppoints a certain number of counsellor as judges. Audiences Are given every day, except Sundays and ^iidays, from nine till twelve. The advocates who '^^^nd this court are very numerous. An office for gratuitous counsel to the indigent is open every Tuesday, ^ffl one to four, in the library of the order of advocates, ^ the Palais de Justice. The solicitors or attorneys attached to this court, called avou^s, are licentiates in ^w. They have a chambre for maintaining their own <U«3pUne and regulations.
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34 LEOISLATUAE.
Tribunal dbPhbmibrb Instancb. — ^This tribanal b com- posed of ii judges, and is divided into y chambers, each composed of six judges and two deputy-judges. Of these chambers, 5 take cognizance of civil matters, and the sixth and seventh of niisdemeanoui's . With this tribunal is a;?/Y>«irfftfrof the king, iSdeputy-procureure, a chief- registrar and a 4 under-registrars. The audiences for civil affairs are held every day, except Sundays and Mon- days, between i o and i n in the morning. The chamber for misdemeanours is open at i o . There are no advocates at the tribunal de premiere instance, but only avouis ; their number is i5o.
NoTARiBs. — ^The number of notaries resident in Paris, and who exercise their profession within the jurisdiction of the royal cotul, is 1 14 ; they make wills, leases, mort- gages, title-deeds of estates, and other deeds ; they give security to tlie government, and on retirement or death, tlieir places can be sold. The avou^^ or attorney, never transacts business of this kind. The latter can act in a court of law, which a notary cannot. Their chamber of discipline holds a meeting in the place du Chitelet every Thursday, at eight o'clock in the evening. On Tuesdays, they sell estates and other real property by auction.
CoMMissAiRBs Priseurs. (Afupraisers and Auction^ eers.) — ^The number of these in Paris is fixed at eighty. They have the exclusive privilege of appraising and selling goods by auction. The chamber of discipline of the Commissures priseurs holds a sitting at No. 5, rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau, on Thursdays, at seven o'clock in the evening. — This body is subject to the jurisdiction of the procureur du roi, at the tribunal de premiere instance.
Tribunal de Commbrcr, at the Exchange. The judges of this ti*ibunal are respectable merchants, principsuly heads of the most ancient houses, who are nominated in a general assembly of merchants, and confirmed by the king. The tribunal is composed of a president, eight judges, fifteen deputy-judges, and has a registrar (^fteffier), under-registrai-s, and bailiffs (kuissiers).
This tribunal holds its sittings every Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Friday, at ten, for summary^causes ; and on
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JLEGI&LATUaE.
Monday and Wednesday at twelve, for pleadings, taclied to tliis court are ten officers, called Gardi Commerce^ who apprehend such persons as the tril decides shall he arrested-
TaiMJHAL OF Municipal Police, Palais de Justii Tlic justices of the peace sit here alternately, and d upon the hreach of police i^gulations where the pe does not exceed five days* imprisonment, or a fine fi\ A commissary of police fulfils the office of couns the prosecutioa-
TaiBUiKAUX dkPaix. —In each municipal arroii^>5£ there is a tribunal de paix, principally for the ac ment of disputes relative to money mattei^s, which 1 its sittings as follows : - first arrondissementy IVo. 5c CaumartiQ ; second, No. 5, rue d'Antin ; third, l\o rue Hauteville ; fourth, No. 4) place du Chevaliei Guet; iiftli, JVo. 7, doitie St.^Jacques de THoj sixth, jVo. II, rue de Veuddme; seventh, No. 3*2 . du Roi-de-»Sicile; eigbtli, No. 14, Place Royale; n No. 25, rue Geoffroy-l'Asnier ; tenth, No. 4» ^ Bourhon ; eleventh. No. 24* rue Sei-vandoni ; tw< No. 3i , quay de la Touroelle.
In the present chapter such observations upoi French laws as are interesting to foreigners nati find their place.
Civil Rmhtts.— All persons residing in Frano suhject to the police laws, and bound to observe regulation connected with tVic public safety.
An important difierence is to be i-eraarked bet residence and domicile. A foreigner resident in F enjoys the same civil rights as are or may be gran Frenchmen hy the treaties with the nation to ^ such foreigner belongs. He cannot, however, est his domicile in France witliout the King's expre mission; this being obtained, he is then admitted participation and enjoyment of all the civil, thou of the political rights, of French subjects.
AaaKST Foa Dbbt. — ^A foreigner not domicilu France, against whom a native has obtained a ju
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36 LEGISLATUHE,
for debt, is liable to be imprisoned for life unless he sa- tisfies his creditor; whereas a Frenchman cannot bel detained for a terra exceeding five years.. A French subject cannot be arrested for debt until a judgment has ' been pronounced against him in a court of justice ; but a foreigner may be arrested peremptorily in virtue of a judge's warrant, and detained pre\'ious to a judgment agamst him being obtained.
No foreigner can compel another foreigner with whom he has contracted an engagement to appear befope a French tribunal, except in criminal or commercial af- fairs, as the coui*ts of France claim no jurisdiction be- tween foreigners.
Wills. — According to the laws of France, a will may be. olographic, made by public act, or in the secret form:— An olographic will should be written through- out, dated, and signed by the testator. A single word in the hand of another person would render it null and void. The will by public act is received by two no- taries in the presence of two witnesses or by one notary in the presence of four witnesses; in both cases it must be read over to the testator in the presence of the witnesses ; and mention must be made in the will of all these cir- cumstances. If the will be dictated in a particular or provincial idiom, the notary will write it in correct lan- guage. The wiU must be signed by the testator, or, if he cannot write, express mention must be made in the will of his declaration to that effect. The will must be signed by the witnesses.
When a testator makes a mystic or secret will, he must sign it, whether he has written it himself or caused it to be written by another. The paper con- taining it, or that serving as the cover, must be sealed. The testator must present it thus sealed to the potary, and six witnesses, at least, or cause it to be closed and sealed in their presence, and must declare tfiat the con- tents of such deed are his will, written and signed by himself, or written by another, and signed by himselt. The notary thereon draws up the superscription, which j must be written on the paper, or on the sheet which serves as a cover," and this must be signed, as well by the \
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1.EGISLATUAE. 3;
teAiAor aft by tiie 110U17, and the witnessos. Persons wbo camot^read, are not allowed to dispose of tlieir property by a nyatie or secret wi U . In case a U*stator ca n- iiot speaks but k able to write, he may make a mystic wili» provitled it is tbroajghout written, dated, and signed by hinseif; and at the time of delivering it to the notary 10 Che presence of witnesses, be writes at the top of t lie superscriptiootbat the deed which he delivei*s is ] lis w ill.
Biaraa. — ^Tbe French laws require that upon the Urth oC a child, declaration thereof should be made at ^benuurje within three days after it has been born, the inbnt being at tbesame time shown to the mayor or his deputy . This declaration should be made by Uie father, the pliysician, the midwife, or some other p(*i*son piv- sent at the dc^ierj, or by the individual at who^; house the binh took pfane. If this formality be negketc^d, uU the persons present at the accouchement ait* liable to fine and imprisonment. A child boni in France of a foreigner is a foreigner; but within a year after he has become oC age he can daim a participation and eujoy- nieot of dni rig^«
Baptism, wmch is always celebi*ated at church, is nearly the same as in England, except that the pnest puts a grain of sah into the infant's mouth. A god-father and god-mother (never two of each) engage to 8Uf)er- intend the piety and morality of the child, and tliey per- form the eBgagement full as strictly as in protestant countries.
JWabbuce. — ^o Uoenses are gi'anted in France for mar- riages to be celebrated in private houses. The civil magistrate alone is invested with power to unite the parties, but it is usual to comply witfi the religious cere- mony, and it not onfi^equently happens that when this formality has been omitted, the priest refuses to per- form the bnrial-servioe over the remains of tlie iWrac- tory husband or ^fe, in ease of death. Banns are pub- lished twice m the parish-church, and even princes are not eiempt from their publication . During a part of the onptial service at church, two relations or friends hold a white cloth f rin£;ed and embroideivd over tlie happy pa ir .
Marriages i^brated by a minister of the Church of
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38 LEGISLATURE.
England, in the house or chapel of the British Ambas- sador, are as valid as if solemnized in England, regai-d being bad to all the forms prescribed by law. Marriages between British' and French subjects are void, if the formalities i-equired by tlie French laws have not been observed. The law of France does not take cognizance of the English law of divorce. An Englishwoman max*- rying a Frenchman becomes naturalized by the mar- riage. A Frenchwoman who marries a foreigner fol- lows the condition of her husband.
Deaths. — In case of death it is requisite that a decla- ration tliereof should be made at the mairie by the rela- tives or friends of the deceased, or by tlie person at whose house the death takes place. The body is then visited by tlie mayor or a physician appointed by him, to ascen> tain the causes of dissolution, and cannot be interi'ed witliout authorisation from the former. An erroneous opinion generally prevails that a corpse must be interred w ithin 24 houi^ after decease. So far is this from being the case, that the regulations relative to funerals require that no one should be buried till after that time has elapsed. The second day after that on which dissolution takes place is usually fixed for the funeral. In (^se a deceased person leaves personal property, seals are affixed thereon by the jiige de paix^ till the heirs or legatees can establish their claims, in order that the effects may not be exposed to depredation; and in the event of- the absence of the parties interested, the seals remain un- broken till they can take possession in person or by proxy. The affixing of seals may be i^uired by the heir or re- presentatives of the deceased, by any person interested in the property, by creditors, servants, etc. With regard to foreigners, ihe juge €le paix proceeds to this formality of his own accord, as soon as intelligence of a deatU reaches him.
The most singular part of the ceremony at funerals is the exposm*e of the coffin containing the remains at the street-^oor, with candles and holy-water placed near it ; and such persons passing as think proper, sprinkle the coffin and make the sign of the cross. . The rich ai<e placed in the ball, whidi is ornamented with black
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MII.ITARY GOVERIIMEIfT, ETC. 3q
draperiee and nmneroTis lights. On some occasions the
priests meet the body at the house, and precede the
hearse to the church, chanting with choristers all the
way. The length of the service, and the ornaments of the
church, depend upon the amount paid. Mass at funerals
sometimes lasts two or three hours, and the church is
hung with black cloth, even to the exterior of the doors.
Relations, friends and strangers, walk round the cof_
fin, make a kind of procession, and as they sprinkle
holy-water on the coffin, repeat the words : Reqmescat
fn pace. The priests and male relatives and friends
follow to the cemetery. Women seldom attend funerals
in Piris, and never, except amongthe lower classes, follow
farther than the church . (See page 44 . )
Fishing,— Every person is allowed to fish with a line and float, except during the spawning season, in all nin- ning writer belonging to the government. Tlie fishing season is fixed by a royal ordonnance.
Shootwc.— \ny one has a right to shoot, who obtains at the prefecture a certificate called port cTarmes, for which he pays i5 fr. a year, SLud^permis d^chasse from the proprietors of the grounds on which he sports. The shooting season, which is fixed by government, usually lasts from the ist of September to the ist of April.
CHAPTER V.
MILITA117 GOVERWMEWT, CIVIL ADMINISTRATlOIf ,ETC.
SuPBBioa CouifciL OF Wa».— This council, which is pi*esided by the dauphin, and is composed of sixteen memlyers, was created in 18^8. Its office is to discuss lavrs, ordonnances, regulations, and decisions, concern- ing the organization and legislation of the army, before they are submitted to the king for his approbation.
G-KMBRAL Staff of thk eibst miutakt diyision. No. i, rue de Bourbon.
Staff of thb Gabhison of Pabis, No. 7, place Yend6me.
CooRT Mabtial, No. Sg, rueduGherche-Midi.
CIVIL ADMIJflSTRATIOK.
PR£FKcnJRB OF THB DEPARTMBnT, H6tel-de-Ville. Tlr
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4o CIVIL ADMirriSTRATIOH, ETC.
ofike is opcm daily from three to four o*dock is tlie af ternoon, except on holidays. Besides the duties oom- moD to the other prefects of Uie kingdom, the prefect of the department of the Seine exercises, for the city of Paris, nearly all the functions of a mayor, except such as relate to the civil state. He supenofeeods aJJ Che puhUc buildings and establishments, the edi/ioes devoted to divine woi^ship, the public works, the streets and public ways, the military institutions, the excise duties, the markets, the hospitals, the benevolent instiiutions, the direct taxes, the public fStes, the Chamber of Com- merce, and the domains of the state. Underhiraisa council of prefecture composed of five members, and a general departmental council of twenty-four members. 'I he importance of the prefect's functions will be seen from tlie ofKcial account of his receipts and disburse- ments in 1828, and a view of the secondary branchei under him.
Official Account ofOie Receipts of the Crif ofPmris in 1828. — Pi*oduct applied to the licpiidation of the debt« 3,735,0 »5fr.; funds devoted to the canal de I'Ouroq, 1 , 1 8o,noo fr. ; sale of ground and materials, 4^,080 fr. ; alienation of rentes on the state, 1,198,494 f*'-; octroi duties, 0^,^4)^47 fr- ; communal centimes, 33^o54ir.$ divers rants, 1 56,755 fr. ; entrepdts^ 357,454 ^. ; dAo/- 0irs, 858,4% fr.; weights and measures, 356,373 fr.; voirie, g4, i ^9 fr. ; stalls and places in the markets, 2^4,721 fr. ; hydraidic establishments, 553,670 fr.; divei-s receipts, '70)6, 146 fr. ; pix>duct of the Caiue de /V)«5^, 7f)8,o5o fr. ; contingent receipts, 87,806 fr. ; product of the gaming-houses, 7, 198,499 fr. Total re- ceipts, including fractions not given in tlie abo^ flunm, 40,9a 1, 1 96 fr.
Expenses of the City of Paris in iSaS.-'OrdiiMirT expenses, authorised by tlie prefect of the d^tartment, 1 , 1 26, 1 ^ fr. ; ordinary expenses authorised by tfie pre- Hoct of the police, 4^5,9^6 fr. ; prefecture, central maine^ 2 1 5,556 fr. ; mairies of thearrondissements^ 281,^9 1 4 fr- ; administration of the taxes, 1 32,245 fr. ; poMic instnic- tion, 225,889 ^^' J milit.'^rv service of the garrison, 2o5,o38 fr. ; grand voirie, ^47>549 fr. ; direction of the
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ks, yt ,J57fr. ; aivhitcclmvil wen kj, 71. ^(Kilr 4
fr. ; worship, Of*, jLkifi ,; ordiiwrC ^iltUUe
Vi fr, ; cnilecttDg and tlivrrs (^^/mmjtc^,
ii6,u*5Cr, ; conlribuiiou ifb^kliere^ .i,4m%ooo »ions ill reei'iT*^* 4^**^*^'^ f*- * watj^rs of Piriai, . ; mi:i^uicipal pcnsioii«, 94 ■^'iQ^ fr. ; cotttium^n* kj fr. ; — E-nl nioi'dinarj f \jx?n«?s - drhl of thi^ ris, 5,3Ta^^t5 fr ; nmiiies^ 446*^ fr. ; wor* »97o fr* ; luiiional giitirds, 4i^^5ti4 fr. ; piibUc 4^,900 fr. \ pulilio r^UbiiflbiiiPntSi 470*57 \ fr. ; ;o,SGi ft% ; sundry cxjirnseg, 4^**i3tM fr. ; pur- 'i,o<^ fr. ; emMli&liTnrntfs of the pnlilir warn, fr. ; workft iw \Xw maikeLH^ i3'j,6o9 ^''^ '" ^f^^^p^i * 444*9^5 fr, ; coUrges, 4§tiJ^9 ""* ; barracks of f-rieand Imtuien, 5'i,o75fr. ; c^n.ib« ^14^1 100 fr. ; of etitnQvdln^ry coUecrioas, 7,5oo fr, ; fund of br the prefect of ihc departnieut, 157, 1 38 fr- ; the prf feet of police* 7»5t>2 fr. ; arrears ft\ ; roilecUog and **x|jenses tipoa llie product aming-houses^ S^QtO^'jo'^ fr. Total cxficiiscs, Sy (r. Excess of the revenue over the eiix?o9es , -:i,yo5,!}Q^ fr.
I? Foirre. — I'wo inspcctorB-pfeneral, six ron^mifi* F divi>^ioo^, and eight coiniriissjooer» of arron- b, forma boreaoy which roeetsonTiie^fla jaf two oder the pirsidencr of the prefect. The fime- tins horeau are lo delenutne the dirertioo of ets, lln; improvement an*l t^olari^cment of old iec tlvat the building of PAris are Btib^anliaUr ed, aod to allow or prevent the nj>(*iiiii|j of i windows and the n*pair of wdlls next tb*? The widtli of the principal fltrf*<?lj» is fixed at o 60 feet ; lliat of cros** streets at from r>o to none are of a leas widtli tlian 3o. For tlje ai-s a general pi«ii for enlarjjinjj and jnjprovinjj ^ sti'eets has tieen pursued willi eonst;incy and V ; no iToitdini; ifi allowed to be erected excejit nityto lliis pUo»» wbieli nltiinatflv will j^ivfl a t til Tai i*.
4-
4a CITIL ADMIN rSTRATIOW, ETC.
Petite foirie. — This division is formed of architpcts and inspectors, who are charged with whatever relates to the safety and convenience <jf the streets and pnbfa'c ways. It is their business to see that lives are not en- dangered by houses being left in bad repair, flower-pots being set at windows, etc. ; that no impediments ai^ thrown in the way of circulation by building materfais, signs, etc. ; that the pavement is repaired, the streets swept, lighted, etc.
Commission de Repartition des Contributions direcies^ No. 8, place de rH6tel-de-'Ville. — Five commissioners are charged with fixing the rate of the direct taxes of the city of Paris, delivering certificates, licenses and sche- dules, and deciding upon appeals against surcharges.
Direction des Contributions directes. No. 55, rue de la Verrerie.
Direction des Contributions indirectes. No. i5, rue de Tournon.
Direction des Droits eTOctroi et d^Entnie de Paris, rue Grange -Bateli^re.
Direction de la Caisse de Poissy, No. i, rue du Grand-Chantier. — ^This fund pays ready money for all the cattle sold by gi*aziers and salesmen at the markets of Poissy andSceaux, and the HaUe aux Yeaux, in considera- tion of a duty of three centimes and a half per franc, upon the amount of sales. This duty passes to the funds of the city of Paris, which makes advances to the butchefs for i5 or 3o days, at the rate of 5^er cent, per annum, up to an amount fhted for each of them. Tlie number of butchers in Paris is upwards of 35o.
Caisse sjmdicale des Boulangers^ No. ao, rue St.- Fiacre. — ^I'his fund is charged to provide for the supply of Paris, and to pay the purchases made for that pur- pose. The bakers of Paris, 56o in number, are bound to keep constantly a stock of i t ,5oo sacks of flour at their shops, or in the storehouses of Ste. -Elizabeth ; and i5,ooo sacks in the grenier d^abondance.
General Council of Management for the Hospitals, — This council, which meets on Wednesdays at tlielidtel- dc-Ville, consists of 17 members, including the prefect of the department and the prefect of police, who super- Digitized by Google
CIVIL ADMIWISTBATKiPf, ETC. i{3
J thifig cotitietled wilh the liospi^i;, bcIlc^-
lrtf£(0/i rfu Mani^e*Pnfie\ No. 18, mc des
L?i <iiv. — Tbiis t'sLiblishment, which h^s a
* a I iXo, tiot riie des Petits-Augusljnii, vma 777 ''^^ ^ ^»^ beuefi t of th e Jiosp t ta b . H *?nj 055 rt' ^itivilei^e of lentliii/;, iipoii miive.Tbli» ef. jflhs of the \Aliie of ^^fihl arnl sHvi/r aiiif le*t, irds of the value of oilier eil'etrts- Jt b re- le known anfl domic: ill a led, or to produce a fj" mpen* tfw rigle^ in oider to ol»t;un a loan, of ouc per cent. ]wr month, Aft**r ^ y^-ar, pledged a^t^ Mild hy aurlioti, and tlie Mtrftlus
* bon-ower witliin tijree j ear's fiTjm the (Lite of lie. Previous to the expiration of tlir yi*at\ Llic dajdic^te can be renewed, upon paTtiii^ni rest due upon it, and is tlien good for another tlie e.ipt ration of the third year, the eflet U ithout reserve: a 4 torn mi ssi oners ari» esta- .lilJiTeot quarters to receive nrticles on pledge, r deposit at the Mont-dt^Pi^ie, Tiie nnni^Hn- jJedged in 1817^ including tho^se remaining in he 1^ of Januaiy in that year, was 1 ,83^^ 1 4^, value of 35,7(>6,769 fr,
central dfi Pesag^f Memrnge^ et Jaugeagt, \ Ste.4^roix-de-la-Bretonni*rir , The oilicc*rs oj u regnbti^ all sdi*9 by large weights, mea- J in tiie markels^ wood-yards, hoatji^ wharfs* ibces within the jnrisdirtion of th(* prdeet of he fees are pidd according to a fixed «$c^lc. s may be chilled in bj private pei-aooft for the of weights and mcasufes, or when a dispute ■gisterf til ken from their books ai-e vaiid in stir^. llieolllce is 0|>en from c> to 4 o'chx-k >t Sundavs and holidays, (See paf^ ^y.) y of the City cf Paris, \\^l^U\^-\ dlt^ * Jpen 10 ^04. Pay-diiys, Tuesdays, Thursdays^, ays-
Receipt Office qfi/ie Finances of the Dep&rt^ 5 ^ me T\ f\y 'a le St . -H onoie . 'S of the Direct Taxes, — Twentyfom t=*^^"
44 CIVIL ADMIiriSTIlATlOll, ETC.
lcctot'8 of taxes are employed id Pai*i9, at tlie rate «# cAe for two adjoining quariiers.
Entreprises des Inhumations ei P^mpes FwMres^ ■No. I, rue du Pas-de-la-Mule.-— There are no priiste nndcrtakers in Paris. Every thing used at faneraJf Is famished by a privileged company to families^ according to their desire, after the following scale ct ihurgesz^^^ ist class, i^i^i fr., of which 600 fr. for religioos oere* monies; and class, 1,800 fr., of which 3oo (or do.; 5iti class, 700 fr., of which i3o fr. fordo.; 4^^aB8, !25ofr., of which 5o fr. for do.; 5th class, 100 fr.^ oC which ao fr. for do. ; 6tli class, 16 fr., of which 10 fir. for do. ; these classes however maybe modiiled at pleft- SQi^, by augmentation or diminution. Paupers are buried by the c<»npany.at the imte of 8 francs oach. This coii^Kiny pays ovei* to the parochial funds for repairing . and embeliisliing churdies yas/s per oent. out of their receipts, accoixlinj; to the tarifi*; oat of the a7>/a per cent, remaining, it pays a fr. to the phy* sician .who inspects tlie body of the person deoeioed, tiie salary of the inspector-general of funerals, and the wages of la special ordonnmieurs^ la deputy do., 48 carriers, the ))ersons employed at the cemeteries, grave-diggers, who receive i5 sous for each body, ani 98 persons employed at the enireprise. It is likewise bound to keep 70 horses, 1 5 handsome hearses^ iScom-- mon do., 02 mourning coaches, 8 waggons, and the black cloth and other ornaments used at funends^ aftd to pay the rents of all the premises which it occnpiea. The annual expense of the inhabitants of ¥ui§f for funeral processions, is computed at 1,000,000 fr. The average number of funerals conducted annually by tihts establishment is i8,5oo, of which i3,36i have the hearae only. 'The grants of ground for 6 years is obtained by application at the main'es, and grants for ever at tfaie Hotel-de-\ille, Bureau des Cimeti^res. (See Cemeteries.}
The average number of grants for a term made annu- ally is 3,55o ; and of those for ever 1 ^^iSG, The hospi- tals burv their own dead, without tiie inter^rence of this establishment, except in cases where 4he friends or relatives take the charge upon themselves. A company
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Civri. ADXIlHSTnATIOlT) ETC. ^5
^h/Q undertake to oondiad efery thing contteded with funeraAs is established, nieSt.-Marc» ^o. 18.
Mairies. — Pms is divided into 12 raiiiiici|ial 4VirPn- dUsemenU^ each headed bj a mayor and two depnty- mayors, whose principal functions rekte to the civil state. The prefect of the department, however, fiUs the ofiice of central major. Each arrondissemeni compre- hends 4 quartiers. The foUowing list vnH show the ntaatkm of each mairie^ and tlie qnarUers which cone within its )iuriidictiofi :•—
t«l1ikiM«,?l«. 14, ntedu/auhourgSt.'Honon. QttaiticTsi Tvilcncs, CluoM-Elyi^s, Hoiile, place Vemldine.
2d Xmmi, >o. 3, rue d*Antiiu Qoiitien: PaUi»4U)ysl» Ferdeam, Chattssce-d'Anlin, faabouig Montmaitre.
3d Maibiv, at tltt Petite Pbres, acar the place dcM F'ietoires. QuaJiien : fanb. PotMonniere, Montmartre, Mail, St.-Enttache.
4lh MAiBim^T^e. k^ptsee du Chevalier^du-'Guet.^tkMXxefti Banoae-dc^Fnace, SL-liom»re, I^ovrc, des Marclicf.
6tfa MAiaiE, No. 24, rue 'Jhet^enot. Qoartters: Montor^ucil. Boime-NoaveUe, CiaboaTg Sc-lJciiis, Porte St.-Martin.
Cth Maieie, .\os. 208 and 210, rue St, -Martin. Qnartirrs : des Loinhardt, SL-ahnin-drs-Cliamps, Porte St.-Denit, Temple.
7lh Maibie, No. 2I, ruedes Francs- BourteoU. Qiiartier»s Ste.-Aviae, den Anrw, Mont-de-Piete, Maiche St.-^ean.
8ih Maibjb, JVo. 1 4, Place liqxaU, Quartien : Maraia, Qvinse- Vinyls, laaboor^ St.-AiUoifie, Popincourt.
9th M AiBii, No. 2i>, rue Genffroy-V Asnier, Quarticrs : HotcU de-Villc, Arsenal, Oe St.-I«ouis, la Cite.
f6Ch BfAiara, No. 13, ruede f^emeuil, Qnaftiem: la Mon- »Bie, SC-Thonias-d'Aqiim, ftmbonrg St.-Ccrmaiii, Inyaltdes.
1 1 th Maibib, No. 16, rue OnrancUre. Quarticrs : Rcolc-dc- Jlffcdeciiie, Pdau-de-Joatice, Sorboone, Lnxemboiirg.
i:2th Ma I BR, No, 262, rue St.- Jacques, Quartiers : St.- Jacques, Jardio-dii-Boi, St.-Marce^ Observatoirc.
The oifices of the mairies are open daily from 9 in the raoming till 4 'Q ^^ afternoon ; but on Sundfays and holidays from 9 to la only. The mayors and deputy- mayors sit every day from 1 1 to a.
iHreciion d^Enregisirement, de Timbre, de Gr^e^ dBypothkqwie et des Domaines^ ^'0. 6, me St. -Joseph.
Beeette tiu Timbre extraordinaire y ii6tel du timbre, rue de la Pain. Stamps are distributed at 4^ offices situated in difierent quarters oC Paris.
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46 ADMINISTRATION I
Conservation des Hjrpoth^ques^ No . g, rue du Cadran . i Direction des Douanesy Wo. 6, rue Berg^re. Posie atex Chevaux, IVo. lo, me St.^Grcrmain-des- Pr^s. No post-horses can be obtained without a pass- port or a pei-mit.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE POLICE.
Prefecture de Police, No. i , quai des Orfevres.-^The prefect gives audiences at 3 o'clock ou Tuesdays, and every day from 1 1 to 1 2. His authority extends over the whole of the department of the Seine, the parishes of St. -Cloud, S^vi*es, and Meudon, in the department of the Seine and Oise, and the market of Poissy, in the same department. He exercises his functions under the immediate autliority of the ministers, and corresponds directly witli them upon every thing connected with tlieir respective offices. The bureaus for general affairs are open daily, from 9 o^dock in the morning till 4 ii^ tlie afternoon. The bureau de suretd is open con- stantly by day and night. The prefect delivers pass- ports and permissions to sojourn ; he represses vagi^ancy, mendicity, tumultuous assemblies, and prostitution; he exercises control over the furnished hotels, and the distribution of gunpowder and saltpetre; presides at the drawing of Uie lottery ; takes cognizance of the occu- pation of workmen, the places where they labour, and their change of masters, and delivers medals to porters; he causes the most prompt soccour to be afforded in case of fire, inundations, and tlie breaking up of ice. He seizes prohi})ited goodfi, and unwholesome provisions offered for sale; verifies weights and measures, and seizes such as are below the standard ; affoi^ assistance to drowned or suffocated persons ; fixes the price of bread ; suppresses in the capital all estaljlishments inju- rious to health ; and superintends the supply of Paiis with meat, corn, and other provisions. He exercises vigilance over hawkers and pedlars ; the safety, lighting, and cleaning of the public ways ; the arrival, station, and unlading of boats upon the Seine ; the baths, brokers, porters, hackney-coaches and their drivers. It likewise
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OF THE POLICE. 4?
bcYongft to Kim to apprehend and bring to justice all persons accused of misdenieanors or crimes.
ConseU de Salubrild. —This council is held at the pre- fecture eveiy other Friday. It is composed of physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, scientific men, and even veteri- narysargeons, who consider upon themeans of preserving the public health of the capital, preventing diseases, dan- gers, or accidents caused by deleterious substances or emanations, and remedying their fatal influence.
Poi^poH Office."^ At the prefecture. Hei*e passports for the departments of France and foreign countries ai'e deliwrcd and vU^s, (See Introduction. j
Bureau de flnscriptu>ndes Ouvriers, No. a i , cour du Harlay, at thePrefectnre.— At this office cei-tificates are delivered to worlunen, without which they cannot ob- tain w^ork in any shop or of any master. Their entrance into employment is certified by the commissary of police of their master's residence ; and their quitting it, by the . commissary of the bureau de Tinscription.
Bureau de Vinfication des Poids ei Mesures, No. 9, rue Chanoinesse, en la Citi.— New weights and measures are verified and punched at this office before they can )x; used in commerce; and inspectors verify every year those ali^ady in use by tradesmen. Short weights, etc., are subject to a heavy fine. (See page 45.)
Commissaires de Police. -^In each of tlie forty-eight quariiers of Paris resides a commissary of police, who superintends its deanlinesB and lighting; takes cogni- zance of misdemeanors; makes the first examination of crimes and ofiences ; delivers passports upon the attes- tation of tViO householders, and the certificates neces- sary for strancfers to obtain caries de silretd, or to have tliem renewed. ITie commissaries are in continual communication w^ith the people, and attend to the complaints they may have to make. Their residence is known at night by a square lantern hung at the door.
Gendarmerie Resale de Paris, Staff, No. 4^, quai de THorloge. — This military corps, which is subject to the orders of the prefect of police, is composed of six companies of foot and horse, who are charged to
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J
of publid ib-officeri
48 ADMINISTaATIOM OP THB POLICE,
watch by day and iii|rht, for the maintenance order ; the total force is 4^ officers, and 1 486 suh-offic». ^ and gendarmes, viz.* 569 horse and 917 foot. TheiJ barracks are situated in the rue MoiijOTetard, the Minimei! of tlie Place-Royale, the nies da Faobonrg Sc.-Martin^ and de Toumon . Detachments are stationed at the luir- riers de I'Etoile, de la Villette, d'Enfer, and da Trone.
AdjuUmsde la VUle de Paris, — ^This corps, which is under the oonunaud of a colonel, and subject to thA orders of the prefect of police, is employed with the gendarmerie.
Sapeurs Pompiers. Staff,' No. 20, ouai desOrfi&vres.— A battalion c^" firemen, consisting of 076 men, is changed with the serviceof theengines in case of fire. The tour companies are in barracM at No. ao, qnai des Orfevres; No. 9, rue Cultui^e-St.-Catlierine ; No. 4 nie de la Paix ; and No. i5, rue du Vieux-Colombier. They have thii*ty-one guard-houses, besides stations* at the abat- toirs and theativs, and two floating engines. This corps likewise performs military duty.
Secours aux ncnrds eiasphixitfs. -^The most prompt saccour is afforded to persons in danget* u]jonthe Seine. The witnesses of an accident are bound to afibrd the first aid, and call the nearest physician or surgeon ; or make it known to the nearest military |K>st or com- missary of police. A reward of a5 fr. is given to any one that picks up a drowning person if restored ; and i5 fr. if the efforts of art are fruitless . Foity-nine sets of appa- ratus for succour are dei)Ositcd u|K>n the banks of tlie Seine.
La Morgue, Marchi-Ncuf. — ^This is a place, originallT erected for butchers' shambles, in which are dcix>sitpd for three days the bodies of unknown jx^rsons who arc drowned, or who meet with sudden, accidental, or vio- lent death in the public ])laces. They arc laid upon slanting tables of black marble, open to the public^ io order that they maybe recognised by those intei*estcd in their fate. Their clotlics are hung up near them, as an additional means of recognition. If not claimed, the} arc buried at the public expense, and the Entreprise dei Pompes Fun^res is bound to furnish a coi&u and shix>ud
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COmCSACIAL BSTABLISBMBSITS. 49
TheiKombcr ci corpses deposited al the Morgue in 1 8*26 ^as 1^^ m. Q78 men aad 54 women. It is di^jvusting to obseiriK wonen and childi'CD of all a^s contemplating the sad icmains of mortality here exhibited.
Under the direction of the prefect of police is a com- missBHy-general for tiie supply of fuel to the capital ; an iafl|ieetor--geiieral of lighting and cleansing the streets; an inBpectc»r-general of the river and WhaHs; a comfilrotter-general of the sale of (ire-wood and char- coaV-, antnspector-generalof th« markets ; a comptroller' general oC the Halle am BM^ ; an inspector-general of mineral waters; an inspector^neral 6i stcani-^ngincs ; a conunisnoa for visiting steam-vessels, etc. crtc.
CHAP11ER \I.
VRIHCIPIL COMWEllCUL ESTABLISBMEJITTS.
CiiAMBii or GnunicK. — ^This chamber assembles on Wednesdays at the Exchange, where the secretai^'s olBce is open daily. It consists of the prefect of tlie de- partment and fifteen i^espectablc linkers or merchants, whose duty it is to present to the government their views upon the means of ameliorating commerce, lliey also superintend the constiiictiou of ptd)Uc buildings connected with commerce, and take care tliat the laws and regulations against smuggling are executed.
fiXCflAHGE.-^The Exchange, which is open daily to foreignen as well as French subjects from two o'clock till £ve, except on Sundays and holidays, is the only place authorised by government for the general meeting of bankers andmerchants, for the transaction of business. Thepar^uei is open to the agens de change alone, who arc sixty in number, and give security upon their appoint- ment hj the king. The Exchange is closed at 4 o'clock for the negotiation of the public effects, and at ^vc for <^ber transactions. The negotiation of the public effects, bifls of exchange, and blUs upon the account of another, bdongs exclusively to the agens de chancy wlio cause the price of stocks to be procla'uuedaccordmg as they effect
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5o PRINCIPAL I
tlieir negotiations. But on account of the great mass of business they have to transact in the funds^ they tolerate the negotiation of hills by brokers. The courtiers de commerce, also 60 in number, certify the price of gold and silver, and are authorised to intervene in the sale of goods, which they can even sell by auction in case of failure, in virtue of a decree by the tnbonal of commerce. They establish the price of merchandize, and the rates of insurance, freights, etc., and are alone admitted to proive in courts of justice or toj^ecome arbiters relative to the reality and rate of commercial transactions, purchases and sales. The agency of slti agent de change is indispen- sable in the transfer of stock. They are responsible for the identity of the proprietor, the authenticity of his signatm*e, and that of the papers produced. They are also responsible for the delivery and payment of the effects which they have bought or sold. The le^ price of public eflects and goods is fixed daily at uie close of the Exchange, by the iigens de change and courtiers, and entered upon tlie register of the Commissaire de la Bourse.
Bank of France, rue de la Vrilliere. — ^Tlie Bank of France was formed in 1800. It has the exclusive pri- vilege (for forty years from September a5, i8o5) of is- suing notes payable to the beat*cr at sight. This society is composed of 90,000 shareholders, headed by a go- vernor and two deputy-goveraoi's, nominated by the king. Its affairs are managed by a genci*al-council, formed of fifteen regents, thi*ee censors, and a discount- council, consisting of twelve respectable merchants, chosen by the shareholders from the different branches of commerce in the capital. Ninety principal clerks, and one hundred and tliree under-clerks, are employed in this establishment. The French bank notes are for 1,000 and 5oo francs, only.
The operations of the Bank consist, firstly, in dis- counting hills of exchange or to order, at dates which cannot exceed three months, stamped and guaranteed by at least three signatures of merchants or others of undoubted credit. Secondly, in advancing money on government bills, of fixed dates. Thirdly, in advancing
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COMMERCIAL ESTABLISH MEIITS. 5 1
money onbaHion or foreign gold and silver coin . Foarth-
ly, mkeeping an account forvoluntai-y deposits of e%erj'
kind, goremment securities, national and foreign, shares,
contracts, bonds of every kind, bills of exchange, other
bills and all engagements to order or to bearer, gold and
alver bars, national and foreign coin, and diamonds,
with a charge for keeping according to the value of the
deposit, which cannot exceed an eighth of one per cent.
for every period of six months and under. Fifthly, in
undertaking to recover the payment of bills on account
of individi:^s and pnblic establishments. Sixthly, to
receive in a current account stuns from individuals and
pnblic establishments, and to pay the engagements it
thereby contracts to the amount of the sums entrusted.
The bank is open from nine o'clock till four daily, for the exchange of biUs against specie. Discounting days arc Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. To be ad- mitted to discoont, and to have a running account at the bank, a request must be made in writing to the governor, and be accompanied by the certificate of three well-known persons . The usufruit of bank shares may be ceded, but the fee-simple may still be disposed of. The shares maybe immobilis^eSy that is, conveii;ed into real property, by a declaration of the proprietor ; they are tiien, like any kind of real property, subject to the same Jaws, and have the same prerogatives.
In 1827 the expenses of the bank, for management, etc, amounted to 94 1 ,aoj fr. It discounted commercial efiects on Parts and the aepartments, and treasury bills, to the amount of 1,190,275,300 fr. ; its operations with thereeeiVers-general of the taxes, the royal treasury, etc. , amounted to i35,4oo,o66fr. ; the effects recovered gra- toitously for the public service and the inhabitants amounted to 646,0 i3,ooofr.; the movement of its funds in«pedewa8554,888,678fr. ; inbills 5,875,775,500 fr.; and in transfers a,oo5,585,ooo fr. ; the number of bills in circnlation wa« 2,291,391,000 fr. ; its profit was 5,52 1, 84Qfr. ; the number of actions 67,900, and the snm for distribntion to the shareholders 5,024^600 fr. ; tiie prodncst allowed per action was 7^ fr. and the re- serve per a<^oii 7 f . r^^n]c^
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5a painciPAi. !
STMmCAT 9IS RxCtVBITBS GXNKRAUZ JDKsFuUflGXSy Ko. 63«
rue de Richelieu. This society has all kinds of monej and bank trainsactions for its object, principally such as ai*c sen'iceablc to the royal treasury .Capital So^ooOyOoofr.
RbGIK INTEBKSSffE DBS SaLINKS ET MlHBS UK 5EL JIB l'EsT,
No. 19, rue du Sentier. The salt-pits and mines of the east were adjudged to this company in 1 8^5, for no yean.
GoMPAGiiiE b'Assuramcbs hutuelles contbb lucbhou POUR LA YiLLB DE Paiis, ]\o. 89^ TUB de Richelieii. The amount of the houses and other buildings insured. \f§ this coni^ny was, on the i st of January, 1 829, upwards of 1 ,5oo,ooo,ooo fr.
Ramonagb pour us Maisoks assurbbs coirasx L'lacBiiiitt, par la Compagxib McnnuxB he Paris, No..ia« rue Bou- cher. This company sweeps and repairs, without <Tharge, the chimneys of such houses as are insured by the above company.
GouPAGNiB d' Assurances gbn^ralbs Maritimxs coimx lMmcejidie, IVo. 97, i*ue de Richelieu.
CoMPAGNiE d'Assuramcbs gbberalbs comtrk lTrcuhib, J^o. 97, rue de Riclielieu.
GoMFACiine d'Assurahces eBKBRALis siri la Ya dbs lIoMMBs, No. 97, rue de RicheUeu.
GoMPAGHiE D* Assurances hutubllbs comtrb l'Licbiioii, for the four departments wliich surround Paris, No. 5, rue Hauteville.
GOMPACKIE d'AsSURANCBS MUTUBLLBS C05TRB l'ImCBHDIK,
for the depaitment of the Seine without Paris, and the department of the Seine and Oisc, No. 12, rue de Bondy .
CoBirAGiiiE Frajtcaise su PiiEi!iu,No. 18, rueNeuve-tSt.- Augustin.--— Gapitad 4iOOO,ooo fr., and may he carried to 24*000,000 fr. Proper^ insuml on the ist of July, i8a8, amounted to 2^iZo,Z6i^5'5g£r.
GoMPAGiiiB royale d'Absurahces cohtbb L'lncBTims, No. 5, i*ue de M^nars. — Capital 10,000,000 fr. This com- pany has a general agent in every place that is the seat of a prefectu]*e, or sub-prefecture, and a special agent in every chief town of a canton.
GoMPAGNiE d' Assurances coNTRB lTnckiuub, <2ito L*Uinoii, iVo. 1 , rue Grangc-Bateli^re.— Capital 10,000,000 fr.
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E j>'A«>7iijiAm;ss MiTTUKLLto ctiKTiir ia Gt4ix,
ivoie,
t iii: Pklica^t. Placemens en Fiag&r et 4s^ \r /a Vm humainm^ ^f). 8, rue? GmjigoBjik^- hii^f estahUalinieritof tlit^conipain is London. t A^GfJhi^r; o'Assuiakcej! sub l% V ik, dite ilr I ERRK (Wt*st of Enj^bud Life Ifu^utiijiei' f 1 n i s , .n i^cnt, i 'i , pkee \' tjndilii w. .
nwich Union i;omp;rinJ, Ao. 5, lUf Man ir- is ms. \jm^m A Pmum irr Cal%i iii« L<)f;ATAtKUfp
j< PAiiTtct'iaae dc Pam!*. Insiinnice wpoo Jlicc, No. 9, rucde^ Fille*^t,-Tliont«s. f:.^i£male Dt Placemr^s si k LiH Fowns riiiuoi, Vivienm?, oppos<iU! tlw Eicliatigi*.
D*AVA^LTM HUTU EJ. MLS KUR GAftA.*^! tE<«, IV O. 2g,
ha ui^^kI' An ti n .
.^iPllavL Ji*AvA:SCES RUM LEK T)lYUlEM£)IU; DKGi
fo. 58, rne i\otiT*Dame-des-Vict.oircs.
I *()ii*E A Ks > IS o . 1 1 , r' ue St . ^u i Ua um e . MTio-s DKs To?iTi?<E5, No. i(i, rue-?iti-.-Aiiue. tines d Epart;ne$ des Employes et Ariisans^ He Social^ :ii*c rnana^^tMJ hy tUrec* ailminis- jSini fconi the moniljiTs of Ujc mnnicipal Piii'is, wlio h:»vc under t.ht'iu a difeeJor* 'EpAHf;?(M ET im Prhvoyawck, iNo. 5, me de )a *lu this ^ vjnf*-bank de|>i>sits are made on Sun - |j*n ftVhirk I ill two. Snmsfroni 1 fi\ ti> fio fr^ J, imdan inlt^n^i^t of 4 percent* per annum is The snms depiisilfd bv an individuiil aw- acruniulalC! to tlie aiiiniuil 4)f i ,cioo fi., and nn fife I red I0 llie [knU uf Franr.**. lie N>u* i,'ExPLorrATiori dr i-'Usiwi^ kovale PK% IS. Gai^, fNn. "nK, me de b Tour-4l'Aii
X rii45^Ai!lf: n*ErTAiu\r,E rAB lk Ga^; Hf>»a<*^ ^^, rue dn Fauibouvj; PnisSnntii^re.
54 GOVMCRCIAL ESTABLISHHBNTfi.
COBIPAGNIB MUB l'EcLAIRAGS DB PaBIS PAB UE Gaz HtDBO-
ciiiK, by a new process perfected in England, No. 36, rue de Hivoli.
GOHPAGKIE POUR l'EcLAIBAGB PAR LB GaZ DBS BoULBVABDS
XT QuARTiBR DU Tbmpls, Canal St.-Martin, comer of the rue de la Tour et dii Grand-Prienrtf .
Entrbpbisb d'Eclaibagx au Gaz libkk ST Au Gaz com* PRIME, JNo. 20, rue Paradis-Poissonni^.
EnTBBPBISB GBITBRALB DX t'lLLUUUIATlOir DB PabIS, No.IQ,
rue des Petites-Ecuries.
Gaissb HrporaBCAiRB, No. 3o, rueNeuve^t.-Augustin. Tlie stock of the company consists of 5o,ooo,ooo fr., divided into 5o,ooo actions of i,ooo fr. each, hearing a iixed interest of six per cent., paid half-yearly ; inde- pendent of the casual dividends arising frooti the profits of the company. Its object is to lend money on mortgage u]H)n real estates, double in value of the amount bor- rowed, and thus alleviate the landed and agricultural interests from the hardships of usury.
SociRTE BOTALB DB LA Savo!ii«brib, for bombaziiies, popHns, crapes, etc., quaiDebiUy; dqidtyNo. i5, rue Stc.-Apolline.
GoMPAGIfiB nishiALR DB DESSBCaEMBBT DBS HABAIS, LACS, KTANCS, LAIS BT BELAIS DB LA MbB, No. 53, rue BaSSe-du-
Rempart.
COMPAGNR DX BbBTAGNX, POUK LA PLAMTATlOll DK 100,000 DECTARXS DK LANDES KN BOIS DK PIRS XT AUTRK8 ABBBXS BB81-
ifxux, No. 5, me Richer.
Etablissement botal dks Eaux DB LA Sbimb, clabifibbs XT KPuxiBs, No. i4» <iuai ^^ G^lestins.
AdMIKISTBATION DBS TBOIS PoRTS SUB SbIMK, No. 36, {UC
du Bouloy.
SOCIKTB DES TBOIS ROUVXAUZ PoilTS SUB SeINE, No. I!I>
rue de la Michodidre.
ElfTBBPBISB DBS INHUMATIONS ET POBIFKS FUHEBBKS, No. I,
me du Pas-de-la-Mule. (See page 44)
EiiTRBPBisB gbubralb DBS Mohubuns Funebbbs, No. ly rue d'Assas.
^-"MPAGNIB 6ENERALB DK GoPfSTHUCTIOIf ET d'EnTBETIKR
'Ti'RKSDE Paris, No. 18, rue St.-Marc-Feydeau.
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BELiaiOVS BDinCES. 55
Ajbisge k WvwhiAiuMSj No. 76, rae de Grenelle St.- Germsiu.
SetvicK Di Navigation sous lis Ports m Pahs, No. 4^, qoai de la Grire.
Ejmxnisi hs Foasis mobius vr moDOiis pook la vh BAjicff, I^o.SgbiSy rae da Faoboorg du Temple.
POOHUTTSS VEGKTATIVKS PO01 l's561AIS DRS TEIUS, No.
Qg, roe Hanteville. l?raiv-iK6» DKs Jbox, No. 106, roe de Riclieliea.
XnumsnATioif GifCBRALX DBS Caraux du Midi, d'Ob- iiA?», BT DC LoiRG, No . I !2 , ine da Doyenne.
CoMPAGBn BIS CAffAUx DB pAi|s, No. !i, me da Fau- boarg PotsBODni^.
ADHuusnumoi vo Gau al »b Biuib, Vo, 78, Yieille rue da Temple.
CoHPAGRii DnQoATDK CARAinc, No. ao, rae St.-Fiacre.
CoMPAGRn bis iaui du Cabal MABiB-THSiisB, No. 3, rue Gaomartin.
Socurri oa Cabal do Due db Bobdbaux, No. 33, nie de CWry.
Socnrri dis BtnAxn, a Yapeub db Paiis auHavbb, No. 3, rue Nenve St. Augostia.
Socim BuGHBMia sr Fbb db St.-Etisrrb a Ltor, No. 16, raeduBac.
P^nmsMissAfiiBiis dars Pabis, No. 1 o, nieBeaarepaiie.
EcoLi spBOAu DI CoMMXBCB BT d'Irdustbib, No. 1 43, rue St.-Antoine.
CHAPTER Vn.
HELIGIOUS EDIFICES Ain> ESTABLISHMETfTS.
The Gallican chtirdi is governed by i4 archbishops and 66 bishops ; and the total number of priests, at the beginning of 1829, was 37,521. Many parishes, never- theless, are destitute of pastors ■, and to supply them all, the number of priests considered necessary by the pre- lates is 55,Bi!i. The nuns in France are 22,019 in number.
The department of the Stine forma the extent of the
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56 CHU&GBE8 :
diocese of Paris, which was created a b&thopric in thd year ^50f and an archbishopric in 1694* From the former period to the present time it has been goiemed by 1 10 bishops aud id archbishops, of whom sis have bisen canonized, and thirteen have been cardinals. The dergj of Pans formerly possessed rich endowments, and the number of priests, monks, and nuns, was not fewer than ten thousand, or one ecclesiastic in sixty souls^ This excessive number has been reduced to ^^5n, viz.— ^ one archbishop, i5 vicars-«eneral, 16 canons, 3% hxmo- rary-canons, 22 rednrs, 80 curates, 67 vicars, 32 chap- lains, 4 1 almoners, njg parish-priests, 3o priests who are directors or professors in seminaries, and 680 nuns. The nomination to vacant bishoprics and archbishoprics is made by the king, upon the presentation of the mi- nister for ecclesiastical aiffairs, or a prelate whoholds the feuiUes de bMfiee when the minister is a layman. He confirms at pleasure the nomination made by archbi- siiops and bishops to the vacant offices of vicarft-gene- ral, canons, and rectors, in their respective diooeaes, appoints the members of the royal chapW of St.-Deais, the dignitaries and chaplains of the religions houses, of the king's household, and the royal hospital des Quince^ Vingts ; the almoners of the royal palaces, and of tlw army and navy.
CHURCHES.
jVo public edifices attest with sudi ceilainty the stale of the fine arts at the period of tlieir construction, as. those which ara dedicated to the worship of the lk\\y. In the churclies of Paris it is easy to distinguish four ov^ five different styles of architecture, which bear the im-> pression of tlic ages to which tliey respectively belongs Of tlie ancient Gothic we have examples in tlie churches of St.-Gcrmain-des-Pr^s, which presents the 8emi-<?ir- cular arahcs of the tentli and eleventh centuries ; Notif- Dame, which bears tlie character of the middle agrs ; the Sainte-Chapelle, which is a master-piece for the richness and delicacy of its ornaments; St.-Gcn'ais, in which the beauties and defects of the fourteenth cen- tury are associated; and St.-Ettenne>du-Mont, which is
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aL moAd ef purity, Ji^tness, and good Ufte. Several of these edifices arc dishgared by modern fronts.
Tke draidi of St.-Eustaehe may be considered as tlie transitioti kon the Gothic to the Greek and Roman styles of ardutedare, as it presents some fine atid delicate or* ■ajneDlB,noknovm to the ancient Gothic.
The chnrches begm in the reign of Louis XIV, by the celebrated archileolB of that age, such as Mansard, Levaa, cAc., are in the Roman style, degraded by modi- fic^kioQt created by the architect s &ncy . The churches de 1' Assonptioo, de la Visitation, the Val-de-Gr&ce, the Soihonne, Ihelnvalidos, the Institnte,** and some others isay be cited as examples of this style.
The age q€ Louis XV and Loms X\7. exhibits, in tlie chorches of Sle.4;ene\'i^ve and the Madeleine, in the magnifioent fronts of St.-Snlpice and St.-£ii8tache, in the chapei Beanfon, and in the chnrch of St.-Philippe dn Roole, vigoroas efforts to return to a purer and se- verer stjde of decoration, less loaded "with insignificant details and mannered graces.
The extensiine endjellishments made in the ohuixhes of Paris sinoe Ae Restoration, and the numerous works of art bestowed on them by the liberality of tlie govern- ment and the municipal body, give them a place among tfaooe objects which present the highest claims to tlie tourist's notice. The description of them found in this Guide is amj^ and detailed, and it may be said with troth that Hew of them wiU not repay the stranger for his vint. For Uie convenience, however, of such persons ^ bsLve bnt little time at their disposal, the following may be mentioned as those which should not escape their attention: — ^Notre-Dame, iSt.-Roch, 8t.-£nstache, St.-Ger<iiain-rAnxerrois, St.-Merri, St.-Gervais, St.- Sulpice, St.-Eticnne-du-Mont, St.-lNicolas-du-Chardon- net, ^.-Genevi^e, St.-LouisHdes-invalides, and the Ex- piatory Chapel, rue d'Anjou.
* Now nsed for thMneetinga of the InMitute.
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58 CHrRGBES :
CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF IfOTRE-DAMB.
Upon the spot occupied by this st^uctnrey a churcfa, dedicated to St. Stephen, was ierecttd in the year 565, under the mgn of Yalentinian I, upon the site of a Pagan temple/ This was liie only church in I^ris in 52a, at which period it was enlai*ged and embellished by Childebert, son of Glovis, who added to it a new chapel, which he placed under the invocation of the Virgin. Robert the Devout, son of Hugh Gapet^under- took the reconstruction of this church, which was already called Notre-Dame. It was begun in 10 10, and the foundations of the present Gothic edifice, one of the largest and most magnificent in France, are, for the most part, tliose laid by Rc^rt. It was falfing into ruin when Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, who floa- rished in the twelfth century, formed, in 1 161 , the pro- ject of i^building Noti^Dame, upon a vast scale. Pope Alexander HI, uien a refugee in France, laid the first stone of the edifice in 1 163. The high altdr was conse- crated in 1 1 82, by Henry, legate of the holy see; and tliree years after, divine semce was oeldbrated in it, for the fii*st time; Heradius, patriarch of Jeiiisalem, who had come to Paris to preach the third crusade, being the officiating minister. Geofiroy, dujke of Brittanj, son of Henry H, king of England, dying at Paris, was buried in Notre-Dame in 1186; as was Elizabeth de Hainault, queen of Philip Augustus, who died in 1 1 89. This immense structure was not finished till the fourteenth century.
The church of Notre-Dame, built in the form of a Latin cross, is 4i5 feet in length, and i5o feet in breadth. It is entered by six porches.
The front, i!i8 feet in breadth, is remarkable for its elevation, its sculpture, the imposing character of its architecture, and the admirable propoilions of the doors and windows. The doors in front are three in
* In nU, nine large cubic stones, 'with mythological bas-re- liefs and inscriptions, were discorered npon digging under the choir.
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7^
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irOTRJB-DAMS. Sy
tiUD^ber, formed under o^ve arches richly onttmented "with scol^bire, representing subjects taken from the Old and New Teiftament. The portail du milieu presents a pediment, in which is represented the last judgment ; it is divided into three parts, m. — ^the angels sound- ing the last tmmp, the tombs opening, and the dead nsiDg: 2. the separation of the righteous from the wicked : 3. the Savioor on his throne, worshipped by the Virgin and St. John the Evangelist, and accompa- med \xy an^ls bearing emblems of the cruciiixion. Amon^ the sculpture of the arch may be remarked figores oC Moses and Aaron; the Savionr treading be- neath- his feet the wicked, whom Satan is dragging to hell, represented in six compartments; the rider on the red horse at the opening of the second seal ; the blessedness of the Saints, etc. The sides of this en- trance present 34 bas-reliefs, representing la virtues, with their opposite vices. Beyond these are fom* other bas-reliefs, aajbelr, — the offering of Abraham; the de* parture of Abraham for Canaan ; Job beholding the destruction of his flocks and herds by a torrent ; and Job seated on a dunghill, reproved by his wife. On tlie doors are carved, Christ bearing his cross, and the Vir- gin veiled as the mother of sorrows. This portal was ornamented with statues of the la apostles, destroyed at the Revolution. The portail Ste.-Jnne^oa the ri^tj is divided by a pillar, ornamented with a statue of St. Marcel treading beneath his feet a dragon, which had dis- interred a woman to devour her. In the pediment above the door are several compartments, in which are sculp- tui^, — Joseph putting away Mary ; Joseph brought back by an angel ; Joseph taking the Virgin to his home ; the . revelation of the birth of John the Baptist ; the a nnuncia- " fion; the visitation; the nativity ; the an|;el appearing to the shepherds ; Herod holding his council ; the wise men on their way to Bethlehem ; the offering of the wise men ; and the presentation in the Temple. Above these two rows of sculpture are fi^|ures of the Virgin and Child ac- companied by an^lsy king Solomon on his knees, and St. Marcel. At the summit of the pediment is the Eternal Father in his glqry? snrroundcSl by the prophets ; be-
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6o ctiuncHES t
neaUk bim the Paschal Lamb, aud stHl k>wer, Jcsti»-Cfa ri^ surroutided by angels and sa ints . Statues of St. Petei* and the most notdibie personages among the ancestors of Ihe Virgin, wwc destroyed at the I'evolution. The portaU de la Saintd f^ierge, ou the left, presents the same ge- neral apj[)caranoe as the pi^ceding. On t!ie piJIar ix^ tween the two doors, is a statue (^ the Virgin with the Infant Jesns. The pediment is divided into thi^ee pstrts, namely ,^-^giires of six prophets ; tlie death of the Vir- gin; and the coronation of the Virgin. The arch alxyve is adorned witli figures of angels and saints. On the . sides ofthisportalwei^ eight statues of saints, desti<oyed at the revokition. Above and beyond the niches ai^ various bas-i^liefs, representing subjects taken from church history. The most interesting bas-raJieis of this entrance, are the 12 signs of the zodiac, and the agricultural labours of the i a months of the year, on the door-{iosts. The eighth sign, Virgo^ is represented by a sculptor forming a statue, supposed to be that of tlie Virgin, on the pillar. On the right side of this pillar are sculptured tlie age of man in six stages, from youth to decrepitude; on the left, the diffei^ent temperatures of the year, in six bas-reliefs . Tlie two lateral doors ai-e ornamented with iron-work, executed about Uie year 1 540, which is much admired. Tlie projections on ciadi side of the doors have four niches, m which, till the revolntioti, were statues of Religion, Faith, St. Dents, and St. Stephen.
Imm^iately above tlie three doors is a gallery, called galerie des Roisy which formerly contained '^8 statues of such kings of France as had been the greatest bene- factors of the church, beginning with Ghudebert I, and ending with Philip Augustus. All these statues, exe- cuted in tlie 1 5th century, were destroyed at the re- volution. A second gallery is designated j[a2ene deja yierge, from having been totTueriy orn«nenled with a colossal statue of the Virgin attended by two angels. Above the i*o8e window is the gahrie des ColonneSy which is cai*ried round the four sides of the towers. It is formed of columns at equal distances, and is con- ^idei-cd one of the finest vi^orks of arohttectare of the
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aierw des Tours ^ ^Imvi* ihf l3itff>rt 5e*r\'at iir.-ili4>n fw'tw^'f'ri the Irto tuwci>. A tf^rniinaU'd by two Jitr|,ie Mjani^' tnwcfs ijOTe tJie skle-tloors* and u\^^ loj ffti in ■ir tine prf:hiteclare contributes j^ji^Mly fn
niagnificcTit strortitr'iv 71i<*y iUcastx-inlcHi , and aflbrti a flue i itnv fif J\»ris ;iiid flic ic ^utrancc to the towci-s is l>y ;i door urxt []lolU-i?. It b tH'lievccl that, jietot'cHng ti» ibn, these toivciT! were to ha\e i>een sur- ^pirfifS . The met \ ^ny\ i t.-i n cli u cci i ft j 1 1 in* v\y *2ryfiiw pfal of li^'l^s, nl which oiw only 11 the *^ouUic«]n fnwrr vvfir two, i];ilk^l uiie of tViPse, niimcd Emmatutei- Louise* :a)]Ctl thr fiiry of tlie |jo[iuJ3tt<^ al 1 hti rrrvy- A as hun^; io i6Hi, and l>;<pti^cil in tin.' jirtv J is X rV' itiwl bis quern Hier^st*, ll w eij^hs
and the rbjippr fi^ri Ujs. lln* other lirll, ie, weighing v*Xot>o llis.^ was hiokrn 4iiid 1 in i^^iTHSWti^ei^^ht Ix'llsof thiMiortbeiti a-iiffi*r tower, Quw Ix'lh lor IhrdtM-k were ill; These am abo used to suiimion to ^e. A steeple, ofioi o tenant c^nstjuction,
above the tr^tn^ept, \%'as pulled down in e sake of the lead ^vtlli wUich it was eo* ii\ l>ell». which it Ciint^iined, were melted ' mecliiint^ni of Uie i l(x:k is \eiy cnrions. 0 ii aii|ijrtji1etl on the outride hy 6o ftyin|* ' various hei|*ld,s, a part of which ai-e oma- !i pyi-atnids and ol>€^lijsks, Eind aie united erior gulleries ; the lirst situated ahovc the 'h skirt tlie sides^ the siM^ond al>oxe a iiinge iffies^ ♦Hid the third eiitriids round tlie i^oof. ter is eairied oil' by a j;iieiit nnndxu' of
lit formed of a frame of chest tiut-w^ood, ij56 sheets of lead-, weighing; altogether The \[Mti of tbf? voof, situated l>etween
h sunnoiuited by the statue of an angel trumpet tailed cornet^ used in churches
6
6% CHURCHES : I
^before the iaveation of the serpent. At the extremitf of that part of the roof which is over the choir, a crW of iron gilt has been placed, which, with the ball that suppoi-ts it, is 5o feet in height.
On the sides of the church are three porches, one on the south and two on the north, that are highJj wortfarf of attention. The southern porch, called /'onftuf «$*/.- Marcely was built in i^Sj, and is ornamented with scenes from the history ot St. Stephen, to whom the first church on this spot was dedicated. In ike pedi^ ment ai*e five bas-i^liefs representing St. Stephen in- structing the Jews ; the saint answering the Jews' argu- ments \ the saint insulted by the Jews \ the stoning of St. Stephen ; and his burial. Al>ove the l>as-re);eG is a figure of Christ pronouncing his benediction ; two angels at his sides are in the attitude of adoration, and tlie arch is ornamented witli small figures of angels, prophets, patriarchs, bishops, etc. The porch is sur- mounted by an open-work gable ; and beyond it is seen the gable of Uie chuixh crowned by a statue of St, Stephen. On each side of the entrance are eight bas- reliefs, taken from that saint's life. A statue of St. Stephen on the pillar between the two doors, and statues of St. Denis, St. Rusticus, St. Eleutheroi, St. Marcel, a second of St. Denis, and one of St. Germain FAuxerrois, in niches on the sides, were destroyed iu 1^93. In the interior of the porch are seen St. Martin giving half his mantle to a poor man who begs alms; and Christ, accompanied by two angelsi, carrying to heaven the soul of St. Stephen. In nidies are two Jarge statues of Moses and Aaron.
The grand noi*thern« porch, Poriail septenlrional^ presents nearly the same genci^al appearance as tlxat of the south. On tlie pillar between the two doors is a statue of the Virgin ti^ading a dragon under her feet. In the pediment above the door aix; the Nativity, the Adoration of the Wise Men, the Pi*esentation in the Temple, the Massacre of the Innocents^ the FMght into Egypt, and five scenes of the deliverance of Demoniacs. The arch of the porch is ornamented with small figures of angels, mai*tyrs, saints, etc. At tlie entrance aiy
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I
jnJtif; a*i|;*"l^ with Irumpet^. Statno^* of Ch.iritv, and three Miw Kings of thi- E^^jit, ed ibe porch T and athci'jf re|iresfti ting the iht* *ic**s, qut^ii Esllier i\nd Ahasm-tuft, oltdh, 311*1 Job, v^hioh weit* iq nirhi's at of llie hiilfres^r-s lietween tliis porch and tige^ were destrojed in T^t^. Houge^ so ea!k*fl J>ecausc it wa« originalTj is nfitualf'H on the same «iid€ near t| it* Lhoh% ion is elfgniiU and a gable and tv^o obrhiks I it aie i;irrioU5)y vn'Oiight, In the iHxhment lirist and the Virfjin n owned hv an ^sitgel, on l\ie right and left Jean .?a/}f p£»r,dnki? y% and Mavf^iiret of ULivnria, hi<^ dtirh*!*?, in a istniie. In iVir arch rif the portico me several ^neatlv mutih^t^^d,^ rep rt'st^n ling acts ur mira- areel. In the wall f>elween the Poiic Uotigc sUtii <*%tremil;f of the slnirtnre, are seven iic4irf«4, repp»-*nitin|; the death of Uu* Vji-gin ; of the \irj;^m; llie Assnnnjlion ; Chnst sur- angek; Chrbt and the Virgin on a throne ; at the feet of her agonizixl son ; and a J I to gire herself to tlie De\ U, delivered hf
\t I he cathedral i» an area, calhd Pan4s de ?^ which \%as eovejY^d witii buiklings till the K\wn Maurice de Sully, 68tli hisliop of Paris, M*ter'al hon^ps :}nd pulled UiE^ni down, in m a ^uit^ihle fipproach to fhechnrch. Since
it hait |jr*t'n enlarged. In totif^equence of sivc f^lev'ation of the soil, the (>avemenl of ^ was so mnch helow Ihc level of the Panfis ^t it was eiiterefl l>y a (liyht of iB st^ps Ti to it In that year the ground wa« lo wei*ed upon its present gentle slope. ior di?! position and decoration of thiseliuiTh
idea of llie ancient basiUcw^ still reckoned iint^t strucluj-es of Italyv Ibi dimensions^ walls are 3go feet in length, i44 i" hi^adlh, height, l^he walk ;irG of an €*itniordinary
64 CHUiicnES:
The DAve and tlie choir are accompauiied by double aisles, forming wide peristyles, and 29 chap4i» which extend round tlie cliurch. This temple is sapporled by 120 massive pillars, of which ^5 zre detached, and tlie others built in the walls. The number of columns in the aisles and upper galleries is ^gy^ eaieh of a single stone. Numerous in^egularities ma^ be remarked among the pillars; and the capitab difler from each other; the general ornaments, however, are the oak-leaf and the cabbage-leaf, among .wbich. the thistle is sometimes seen. Above the aisles two galleries extend round the church, which are used upon grand religious occasions, when the company is admitted by tickets. Tlie roof of the nave and choir, at once bold and light, is divided by ribs forming re* entrant and saliant angles. The walls were formerij ])ainted and ornamented with gilding ; but the whole of the interior is now whitewashed. Most of the windows of this church werc ornamented with painted glass, but little now i^mains. Three ciixodar windows, however, called roseSy on account of their foini, are worthy of attention. The delicacy of the stonework, and the briUiancy of the colours, produce a fine cflfect ; .most of the glass of which they are composed is oi the i5tli centui^. The window over the grand porch is 40 feet in diameter, and presents tlie »£DS of the zodiac and allegorical figures corresponding witli those which decorate the two lateral porches of the front. In the centre of the window over the soutliern door are the arms of cardinal de Noailles, archbishop of Paris, wito considerably embellished the church. The window- above the northei^ door was repaii'ed in i^SS. The total number of windows is i i5, each of which is hor- dered witli bands of painted glass, ornamented vridi fleui*s-de-lis, and the initial letter of Mar)\ The window at the back of tlie choir has the name Jehovah in He- bi*ew characters upon a red ground.
The nave is in length aa^ feet, and in bx^eadth bo- tweeii tjie colunms nearly 4o feet. In tlie wall of the northoi-n tower is a bas-relief of the i5th centurj-, forming part of the cenotaph of Etienne Yver, which was
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lenoved from the chapel of St.-Nicolas, ta x 763 . The upper put repi'esents the Last Judgment ; and the lower, a man rising from tlie toml), near which is soon a body cmered with worms. The pulpit is heavy ; tlic back has the Presentation of the Vir^n in the Temple, in carved work. The nave and its aisles arc paved with grey and white marble ; the pavement of the aisles round the choir is of stone and black marble . The bases of the piUan in the nave are covered with Languedoc marble. An 'wmwme vault, extending the entire length of tlie nave, vras fbnncd ifi 1 766 for the i ntcrmcnt of tiie canons, chaplains, choristers, etc. of the cathedral ; but it has ceased to be used since the burial in churches has been diflcontinoed. At the entrance of Uie nave arc two fine abeUs ia marble for the holy water. The organ is re- markably fine; it is 45 feet in height, 36 in bi-eadth, and contains 5484 pipes.
^ Loois XHr, lieing prevented by death from fulfilling hb vow to erect a high altar in the cathedral to the jhooonr of the Virgin, liis project was executed by his son and suooessor Louis XFV, who not only raised ;ui altar, hot had the choir magnificently ormyncnted. The works were commenced in 1699, ^"^ completed in 1714? nnder the direction of Robert dc Cotte. The high altar was palled down, and most of the ornaments of the choir destroyed at the revolution. Under the goveroment of Napoleon the altar was rebuilt, and such of the works of art as could be collected were restored . Since the retam of the reigning family improvements have been successively made, and although the choir cannot boast its former splendour, it is still worthy the examination of the visitor. The entrance to it pre- sents a screen formed of Italian marble ornamented with ffH flenrs^e-lis, and a magnificent railing of polished iron and brass gilt, which is considered a chef-a'asui»re. In advance of the choir is suspended a plated lamp of lai^ dimensions, which bums day and night before the holy sacrament. The first object that strikes the eye on entering the choir is the magnificent car\'ed work of thesUHs, in Dutch oak. The number of stalls is 97 . The wainscoting above them is decorated with bas-rclicfs
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representing the principal events in the tSfe of ^e Vir- gin, and other scriptural facts. Thesubjeets, beginning on the right near die archiepiscopal throne, are^<^Ghrisl
S'ving the keys to St, Peter; the birth of the Virgin j le presentation of the Virgin in the temple ; tike Vil^gfin instructed by Ste. Anne ; her marriage with Joseph ; the annunciation; the visitation of the Virgin; the nativity of Christ ; the adoration of the wise men of the east ; and the circumcision . On the left, beginning below, are^*43ae marriage of Gana in Galilee ; the Virgin in contemplaftion at the toot of the cross ; the descent from the cross; the deflcmt of the Holy Ghost upon the apostles ; the asfibrnp* tionoftheVirgin; religion; prudence; humility; sorrow; and the disciples of Emmaus. The carved-woiit was executed after designs by Ren^ Charpentier, a ixmil of Girardon. The stalls are terminated by two oii^MMo copal thrones of great beauty, surmounted by dboples, enriched witli angels holding emblefiris of rehgion. Hhe backs are ornamented witli bas-rdKefii>; thai: <Mf the tigM represents the martyrdom of St, ]>nis,iML> lH>^d)^ companioos , Rusticus and |BleatheiV)li^ t ftlxx^ ' ''oa^ tiM left presents the miraculotis caiiedf-king duld^jbttt I, through the intercession of St. Ger^aitt^ ili^op if Paris. At the entrance of the choii' are 4rM> plt«l^ decorated with arabesqties, the saone o^namHlts iiditre found on the piers between tlie stalls w« The whole is surmounted by an elegant cornice crowned with eight pictm'es, in the following order, beginning on the rights- 1, the adoration of the wise- men of the east, by De la Fosse ; a, the birth of the Virgin, by Philippe de Champagne ;' 3, the visitation of the Virgin, the masterpiece of Jouveuet, who painted it with his left hand, after his right had become paralytic; 4* ^c an- nunciation, byl^ll^;. 5, the assumption, by Laurent de la Hyre; o, the pi^sentation of the Virgin in the temple, by Philippe de Champagne ; 7, the flight into ^KTP^ % Louis Boullogne; 0, the presentation of Christ in the temple, by the same. . The iMTement it of costly marble ; and in the centre is an mgie of brass gUt, which serves asa reading-desk; ■i M beavtilully wrought, and the part which forma the
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I IVOTMS-DAMR. 67
} dedL Tcpreflents a Ijrre supported by three aogek ; it u
aereii feet in height^ and three and a half in hreadth
from inog to wing, and was executed by Yanier in 1 8 1 3 .
I The sanctnarj is ascended bj four steps of Languedoc
wtfltbky skirted by two circular balustrades, the hand rails
cPrerySoe green Egyptian marble, and the ballusters of
Fbnders marble, ^e pavement is of rich mosaic-w<H*k ;
In the centre are the arms of France, of exquisite work-
maiu^. Upon the socles of the balustrades are two
cand^b&m, ^ feet in height ; they are of green marble
and hroBze ah, each bearing o lights, fhe 7 arches
which fbrm the drcalar part 01 the sanctuary are covered
with white and colonrra marble, wrought in pilasters
and other oroaBients, and eadi arch is closed by a railing
oTpoJished iron and bronze, of beautiful execution, to
correspond with the screen.
13iie)liigh altar, erected in iSoa, is elevated upon 5
semicirciwr stM of white Languedoc marble, ana is 12
feetS inches in breadth by three feet in height. It is of
white marUe, and ornamented in front wiui three bas-
rdi^y sepahled by small pilasters of white marble sup-
pprtinga cornice. The bas-relief in the centre, of copper
^t, represents tfie entombment of Christ by Van Cleve.
The laleral lHis-relic6 are ancels in the attitude of sorrow,
holding the inslraments of uie Passion . The tabernacle
consists of alarae square socle, decorated with pilasters,
and enriched with a door of bronze gilt representing the
paschal lamb. The upper part of the altar is of white
iharbie studded with gilt fleurs-de-lis ; and upon it are
placed 6 candlesticks of bronze gilt, 4 feet 8 inches in
height ; above the tabernacle rises a gilt cross, 7 feet in
heipit. The central arch at the back of the sanctuary is
occupied by st magnificent groiq), in Carrara marble,
consisting cJ^ fimres : the Vircin, seated in the middle,
holds upon her knees the head and part of the body of
^ Saviour^ taken down from the cross ; she has her
arms raised, and her eyes directed towards heaven : an
angel, kneeling, supports the hand of Christ, whilst anr
other holds the crown of thorns, and gazes with sorrow at
thewounds it basmade in the Saviour's head. Behind this
I gronp rises a <n:t»s, over wliich is hung a winding-sheet.
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68 cuuBCHES : I
Tlusmaslerpiece of Goustou, semor, was finished in 1 703. Near the altar are two statues upoa pedestals oC white marble ornanieatcd with tlie arms of Fraace ; &at on tlie left is Louis XDI, offering to the Virgin his sceptre and ci'own, and placing his kingdom under her protection, by Coustou, junior ; on the right is Louis XIV ia the same attitude, accomplishing the vow of his &thery by Coysevox. At the bases of the pilasters di the sanctuary are six angels in bronze, of fine proportions, eachotthem holding some of the instiniments of the Pasnoa.
Beneath the choir is a vault, formed in 1 7 1 1 , in which arc interred the archbishops of Paris. Four, who had. ]x;cn deposited thci^, were disinterred at the revohilioD for the sake of their lead coffins.
Upon the exterior of the wall that encloses the choir are aS reliefs, executed in 1 55 1, which afTordaproofof the barbarism into which the art of sculpture hadfaUen in the 14th centui'y. They represent niysteries in the life of Christ in the following order, betponiDg on the left: -^ 1 , the visitation ; 2, the calhng oithe shepherds to the manger; 3, tlie nativity ; 4» the adoration of the wise men of the east ; 5, the massacre of the innocents; 6, the flight into Egypt ; 7, the presentation in the Temple ; 8, Christ in the midst of the doctors ; o, the baptism of Christ; 10, themaiTiageofCana, in G^ilce; II, the entry of Christ into Jerusalem; 12, Christ washing the feet of his disciples ; 1 3, Christ on tlte Mount of Olives. The next four, namely, the cinicifixion, the entombment, the resurrection and the ascension of Christ, were destroyed when alterations were made in tlie arches of the choir next the high altar. - 1.4, Christ and Mary Magdalen ; 1 5, the holy women; 16, Chiisit appearing to the apostles; 17, Christ and the two disd- pies on their way to Emmaus ; 1 8, Clirist at table wi^ tlie disciples^ at Emmaus ; 19, Christ again appearing to the apostles; 20, the incredulity of St. Thomas ; !2i, the miraculous draught of Oshes; 22, the mission of the apostles; 23, tlie last supper.* Alx)ve these ix;licfs an- seven fine pictures, viz., beginning on the right: — St Stephen conducted to martyrdom; St. Peter healing IW lame man at the gate of the Temple; St. Paul and hi
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ZrOTEE'DAME. 69
scourged ; St. John de Capistraa, a Fian- Oicai&nioiik, at the head of a troop of CrusadeiY, march- ing agaiost ihc Toi'ks 4 the decollation of John Uic Bap- tist ; St. Andrew cooducted to martyrdom, and Chrixt beating the woman of a Moody ilux.
Hie lateral cbapcb of j\otre-Dame wero foimcrly upwarkaMefor tbeir splendonr, the walls being covered vith marble, or finely carved wainscoting, enriched wi& aiding; and they contained sumptuous tombs erecSfa^ to £e naemory of relatives by wcaltby families. These were stripped 4>f tbeir riches at the revolution : ■ manv of them, however, have been repaired, and contain works of act worthy of ttie visitor's attention. The fol- lowing is adesaripiion of them, beginning on the right of tfaeprindpai entrance :— i , chapel of Stc. Anne, — the assumption, bylldiippede Champagne; St. Peter raising Tabitha, by Louis Testelin ; and some curious bas-re- lief ; — a, chapel of St. Bailholomew and St. Vincent, — iaptbmal font, m white veined maii>le ; St. James the Great, having healed a paralytic, is conducted to mar* tyrdona with his accuser ; the latter declares hiuiself a Chiiatian, and begs Sf:. James to pai*don him ; the apostle staps, forgives, and embraces him. This fine producyoa is by Nod Coy pel, seuior; — 5, cha|X)l of St. James and St. PhiUp, — ^ the depaiture of St. Paul from the chnrdi of M ilrtus £or Jerusalem, by Galloche ; Christ raising the dan^ter of Jainis, by Guy de Vet- nansal; — i, chapel of Ste. Genevi^e, fonncrly of St. Anthcmy and St Michael, — ^tlie descent of the Holy Ghost upon the apostles, by Jacques Blanchard; tlie marf^rrdom of St. Andrew at Patrass, by Lcbrun ; se« vend small pictures ; se^'eral statues, among which arc those ofSte.-Genevi^e and St. -Louis; and numerous relics ;-^, chapel of St. Thomas of CanterbmT, — Christ driving the dealers fK>nt the Temple, by Claude Guy HaE6; and the calliogof St. Peter and St. 'Andrew, who leave ^eir neta to foUow Christ, by Michael Corneille; -*6> the chaqiel of Stc .-Augustine, and^j, the chapel of May VagSien, have been converted into a sacristie des messes •— 8, the chapel of the Virgin, in the transept, if meanly omamenlwl with wainscoting and a man- nenid rtitue of the Virgin. Near it a«J*e^^g<f| »'«'
70 CHURCHES : ]
mutjrrdom of St. Paul, by Louis de Boulogne ; and Ghritt healing the sick ;— 9* the chapel qf St. Peter, and — lo, the chapel of St. Paul, have l^en Mtt&ed t<J ilk gramde stgcristie ; -— ii, chq>el of St.' Denis 'kiid St. George, — ^the martyrdom of St. Sim(}fr, in^^P^ftifcl, hj Louis de Boulogne; — 13, chapel of St. G^raud^haron d'AuriUac,-— St. -Charles Borromeo adminil^ring the sacrament to the sufferers by the plague at Mikn^ by Charles Van Loo; and the martyrdom of Ste. Ca^MT^tie, byVien;— 13, chapel of St. Remy, which ibnAbr^ptti- sessed fine monuments of the Ursins family, is now in ruins;— 14, chapel of St. Peter and St. Stephen, — ^tlns chapel contains a fine mausoleum erected to the memory of Henry Claude, count d'Harcourt, who died in 1 769. It was executed after the designs of Pigalle, and presents four full-lengtli figures. A guardian angel raises the tomb-stone with one hand, and holds in the other a torch, to recal the deceased to life. The count revives, throws off his winding-sheet, rises up, and stretches out his feeble hand to his wife, who is weeping at his tomb; but inexorable death, placed behind the count, inti- mates to the countess, by showing her his hour-gbiss, that the time has elapsed. The angel then extinguishes his torch;-— 1 5, chapel of St. James, St. Crisping and St. Crispinian ; — in tlie windows of this chapel are fignres of the three saints, in painted glass. It is ornamented with two splendid pictures ; one representing the descent of Christ intoheU, or /i«^e5,byDelorme; and the other, the martyrdom of St. Hyacinth, by Heim. On the aSth of October fSt. Crispin's day), a service is celebrated annuaUy in this chapel, at the instance of the Cord- wainers of Paris, upon which occasion 4 fine pieces of tapestry,' presented by the cordwainers* company in 1634, are aisplayed ;— 1 6, chapel of St. Louis, St: Rjgo- bert, and St. Nicaise, — in this chapel were formerly superb monuments to the memoiy of the celebrated Albert de Gondy, duke de Retz, and the cardinal de Gondy, bishop of Paris. The arms of the De Gondy family still remain in the windovvs. Tliis chapel has been converted into a small choir for the celebration d divine service, when preparations for grand ceremonies
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KOTEE-DAME. 7 1
we «aUng in the principal choir. Oa tlie sides of the altar are ao^^tailsy which were removed from the choir at the timeof the demoUtiou of the sci*ecii. The altar is oCmarUe, and above Jit i^ a^^utiful statue of the Yir^n, cucuted Bj Aatonio Ragci, after a model by Bernini. T^ fine productioB was formerly in the church of the Camus, mede Vaugirard, and is a tine specimen of sculp- ture. It is placed iu a niche ornatnented to correspond ivithVheardiiteGture of Uie edifice. The Virgin is in a aitda^fofkioie, and holds the infant Jesus on her knees. In this chap^ are two supei'b pictui-es, ^presenting the raising oCtbeipridow's son, hy Guillemot, and the burial of the yirna, by Abel de Pujol. The reading-desk is of wood, eiqiusitely carved, and oiiiamented with figures of Faith, Hope, and Charity; and those of St, Peter, St. Vtx^ and St. John the Evangelist. It was executed in 1700;— 17, (^pelUdelaDecoUationdeSt. Jean-Baplisie, de SL Eulrope, et de Ste. /<>/.— This chapel, in whidi thede Yintimille family were formerly interred, contains a splendid monument by Descine, in memoiy <rf cardinal du Belloy, archbishop of Paris, ' who died in 1806, in tlie pgth year of his age. It i^reaents die prelate seated in a chair, on a sarco- pliagus, beitownag alms upon an old woman supported by a girl; his left hand is placed on the Bible, opened at tl^e ^oHk psahn, where are the following words, Beatus qui uUelUgU super egenum el pauperem ; in die mala Uberabit eum Dominus. Near him appears St. Denis on a dead, pointing to tHe cardinal as an example of virtue; in his feft hand he holds a scroll, containing the. najufs 4^ the cardinal's predecessors, the last four of which onlj are visible. The draperies are highly finished , the all^tades easj and noble, and the cardinal's head is remarnUe for expression and resemblance. In this djy^el alK> is a beautiful picture of tlie maityixlom of St. Bif^dyte, hj Ueim ; — 18, the chapel of St. Martin, St. Anne, and St. Michael. — The only, remains of the splendid decorations of this chapel, is the marble with irhich the wails -were covered. In the.window8 are the arms of the cardinal de Noailles, for whose family it was a place of interment. It contains the healing of one
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'j^ CHUKCHES :
]iosse99ed of a devil, by Matbicn E!ie; — 19, chape of St. Ferr^l and St. tViTntian. — ^Thc wmdowpre) sents the amis of cardinal dc Richelieu, and he- neath those of Michel Je Masle. The pictures are (Christ i-ecoiving ofleiings of petfumes jrnd sheepat Jenh salctn ; and Peter preaching at Jern^^alem, hy roerson ; — -ao, ehape) of John the Baptist and Marr ib^daleOi — Jesus at the house of Martlia and Mat^, hy Qande Sim- pol; and the Visitation. Above th^ altar is abavMVd i*epresenting the baptism of Christ, lu this chapci is a marble tablet, with an inscription to the memory of Ghristophe de Beaumont, archbishop of Paris, \dio died in 1 78^ . In the window are his arms ; — <i i , the chai)cl of St.-Eustachc, and, aa, thechai)cl of St. John the Evangelist and St. Agnes, contain nothiog worth? of notice. In the former was interred the marshal de Gucsbriant, who died in 164 5, of a wound rc- cei\'ed at the siege of Rotweil in Swabta, and whose widow was ap]x>inted to the embassy in Poland ; !i5, the chattel of St. Marcel is in the transept. Above the aJtar is a statue of that saint ; and near it two pictui^s ; one representing Christ heeling the paral}'tic at the pool of Siioam, by Bon Boulloene; and John the Baptist preach- ing ia the wilderness, by Sari-ocel, senior ; — a 4 , chepd of St. JNicholas — an ^ar-wiW picture by Guido, repre- senting Christ crucified, and a Franciscan monk at th< foot ot the cross ;— aS, chapel of St. Catherine. In the chapel was formerly a handsome monument to tbi memory of Charles dc la Grange Tiianon, deacon an< canon of the church . It contai ns pictures of tlie adora tion of lihe sheplierds ; and Moses saved by Pharaoli' daughter; — a6, chapel of St.-Julien-le-Pauvre and Ste. Marie-l*Egyptienne. — This chapel is embellisbed ■^•iti wainscoting executed in the beginning of the iGth cen tury, bix>ught from the chapter-room of Notrc-Damc It is adorned with figures of tlie apostles and saint< ieparated from each other by small pilasters, ornanriente with arabesques. The pictures are, the assumption ; good crucifixion ; and the conversion of St. Panl, h Kestout. In three gilt busts are relics of St. ITi-su and her companions, martyrs— -127, chapel of St. Lai
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f XOTBE-DJkMB. ^3
T»fc>— a an^aisLr picture of Ckrut in the manger ; and ; one oC te vision of St. Sebastian, when raffering martyr- i dom;--^B,diapel of Sfee.-Genevi^,— Sceva, theexorcist 1 by Mathkn Elie;— ag, chapel of St.-George and St!
Blaiae, contains notiiing worthy of notice ;— 3o, chapel
of St.-L6onard, is converted into a room for the preacher, lodependoitly of the chapels abovo-mentioned, is one formed in the southern tower, whkh is used as a room Wr <atechamens. The aHar-pieoe is a fine picture of the amnnciation, by Philippe de Champagne.
The rtiaa^er shonld not omit to visit the sacristy and ^«^«n7 «C Notre Dame. The sacristy was built in p.' after the designs of Soufflot, at the expeivw of ^1 i^ ^ entered on the right of the choir by a nMy saA^ared door, the posts of which are covered with marble hi &e vestibule, doors on the right and lett lead to different vestries, and in the centre is the ^"^"^ *^™* ^^ sacristie. The walls of this room are adorned with carved wainscoting, and it presenU hnste of Loms XVI, pope Pius VU, M. de Jui^^ and cardinal de Belloy, both archbishops of Paris From the sacristy a doable flight of steps leads to the treasury, wfiichshouW certainly be seen by strangers. We shall hei^otace the principal objects that are shown, as it wilJ assist the visitor in his examination : i , the crown of thorns saidtohjive beenworn by the Saviour, contained in a tpleodid rdiquary, 3 feet a inches in height; a, a Sliver cross, con^ning a piece of the true cross; 5, a oonsid^rahie portion of the true cross, enclosed in a ^ reUquMTj of ciystal; 4, a cross of silver gilt, containing - a portion of the true cross; 5, two reliquaries of bronze [gilt, covering relics of St. Denis and St. Remy; 6, a SUA of gUver gilt, enriched with diamonds ; 7, anothersuaof sil^r gilt; 8, a sun of silver; g, a chalice of iiifer gilt, on which is chased the last sapper.; /«>» a pyx in silver gilt; 11, two small ewers and Wins of silver gilt; la, a larg» ewer and basin of t«iivergih; i3, a silver ewer ai^ basin; i4, a rich S^licpiary, contahiing reKcs of St. Louis, St. Clo- tilda, and St. -Crispin; i5, two reliquaries, containing relics of St. Peter and St. Paul, presented to the
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«4 churches: 1
archbishop of Paris by pope Leo XII; i6. a tpUnM ostensoir of silver gilt, enriched with diamonds and irarnete; 17, a fiill length statue of the Virgin, m silver, pi-esented by Charles X; 18, a cane, in ivory, that belonMd to Paul V; 19, a splendid canopy, osed when the king visits the chui-ch; 10 j a large cross of silver eilt; ai, a processional cross of silver giltf aa, two small pictures of silver gilt ; a3, a holy-wator 1^ of silver gilt ; a4, a basin of silver gilt, enndied wi^ medallions of the 1 1 aposUes ; a5, two beautifully chased censei's of silver; a6, four candlesticks of bronze gilt; a7 several highly ornamented church books; 28, the cros»of Eudes de Sully, bishop of Paris, who died iu iao8; 09, a smaU coffer of silver gilt, in which the Host is carried to the tomb on Holy Thursday; 5o, a splendid chalice of silver gilt, in the Gothic style; oi, a chaUce richly enametted, and set with preaous gems; 3a, an instrument called paix, of a »gle piece ol agate, enriched with enamelling; 53, two vases of siLver gilt, ornamented with arabesques, etc., in silver; 54, a large cross of rock crystal, containing a bone of St. Vin- cent ; 55, a cnicifix used at the deatli of Louis XUI ; d6, a large cross of wood gilt, in which is a piece of the true cross; 3?, a crucifix of copjjer gilt, accompanied by figures of the Virgin Mary and St. John the EvaneeJist; 38, a calvary, in coral ; 39, a great number of nch and costly robes and ornaments worn by the priests upon grand religious occasions ; 4o, several rehcs belonging to St. Louis, such as the whip with which he had diaci- pline inflicted on himself, a shirt, a pocket-handk«-
chief, etc. , 1 1 • ^
The trSsor of the church may be seen by anply ing 10 the sacristan, towhom it is usual to give a small fee. Thf hiffh religious festivals, such as Easter-day, Whit-Sen- day, the F^te Dieu, etc., arc celebrated at Notre4>aini with great pomp, the archbishop officiating. On tfe a 1st of January a solemn service is performed here ami in all the other churches of Paris, for the impose of thi soul of Louis XVI. At Notre-Dame the choir is anfs mented by the choristers of the King's chapel, and tb singers of the French, Italian, andComicOpera Houses
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^GI^ISE DS l'ASSOMPTIO:!. 7 5
Midm^Vt mass is also performed here oaChriftaiai eve, ID commoD with all the cfaurches of Paris. The festivak special to thenetfopolitan charch are :-^a solema nuM on tb€ day preeeding the opening of the legislative ses- sion, which is attended by the royal family, and the menberB of hoth chambers ; and a procession on the f5tb of Aogost, in execotion of a vow of Louis Xin, in Ihanksgiving for the pregnancy of his queen, who had been married 33 years, and had no children. The royal family fem part of the procession.
EGLISE DE L'ASSOMPTIOX, Paxish-church of the first arrondissement. Ntt, 369, Hue SU'Honore* This charch formerly belonged to a community of auns, called les Banes de VAssomption, to whose con- vent (now converted into barracks) it was contiguous . It was began in 1670, after the designs of Errard, and finishea in 1676. Li 1802 it became the parish-church of the first ammdissemefUy to supply the place of the ^gliae de Ul Madeleine de la Ville-Vfiv^ue, which was demolished at the revolution. Hence it is sometimes called la Madeleine.
The portico leading to the church is ornamented with
8 Corinthian colomns raised upon steps, and crowned
by an entablature and a pediment. I^he whole is sui^
moonted hj an attic, terminated by a dome 6'i feet in
diameter, with a lantern supported by consoles, and a
ffh cross. The interior, of a circular form, is ornamented
with 4 i>lank arches, between which are Corinthian
oolamns in coapl^, which support the grand cornice
that exteiKb rouRd the building. The dome, painted in
fresco hy Lafosse, represents the assumption of the Vir-
giQ, and is decorated with gilt roses in octagonal com-
poilments.
Above the high altar is a picture of the assumption. The chapel of we Virgin, on the right, is ornamented widi her statue, and a fine picture of the assumption, by Bioodel. The altar is of beautiful white marble, with bronze oroaineata. The ChapeUe de* Fonts, on the
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^6 CHUECBES :
left, has an altar, of which the front is formed of rich needle-^work ; above the altar is a picture of Joseph, the Virgin, and Mary Magdalen, contemplating the dead Saviour. The other pictures of the church, h^abing on the right, are: — St. Roch visiting a hermit; damson eating the honey found in the carcase of the lion ; JHoses bringing water out of the rock ; the vow of St. Gene^ vi^e, when a child, in the presence of St. Geraain ; the transfiguration; the hi^-priest Abiathar preanddng bread for sacrifice to David, upon his return from the overthrow of the Philistines ; Melchizedec offering bread and wine to Abraham ; St. Jerome ; St. Frauds Xavier, having let his crucifix fall into the sea, it is brought to him by a craw-fish ; the birth of the Virgin, by Sauv^ ; the miracle of the manna in the wilderness ; Elias, in the desert ; and the sovereign pontiff giving their mission to the Jesuits. The church possesses a neat organ.
A plain chapel, dedicated to St. Ilyacinth, contiguous to this church, was constructed, in 1 823, for catechists and the troops which occupy the adjoining barracks. This chapel contains several excellent pictures, which may be seen upon applying at the sacristy.
ST.-L0U1S, First chapel of ease to TAssomption. Ao. 5, Hue St.-CroiXf Chaussee tCAntin, This small church forms part of a building erected in 1780, after the designs of Brongniart, for a convent of Capuchins. The edifice has three doors in front; that on the Icfl serves for an entrance to the chm*ch; the cen- tral door and that on the right lead to the college 3e fiourbon. The church of St. Louis has only one aide. The interior is bmamented with a cornice of the Done order, and arcades with ornamental joints, which sup- port it ; but its simplicity and fine proportions produce a noble effect . In the chapeUe des Fonts is a fine figure of Christ on the cross, and a column of black marhle, surmounted by a cinerary urn of white marble, -which contains the heart of Count Choiseul-Gou£fier. The
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ST.-PHILIPPE. 77
chapd o£ the virgin is omamented with her statue. In the nave b a beautiful picture by Gassier, representing St. Louis Tisitiiig his soldiers who were attacked by tlie plasae. The altar-piece represents St. Louis at prayer, ana on the sides are pictures of the Adoration of the wise men of the east; and the flight into Egypt. The latter is a singular though beautiful picture, the holy Family, with their ass and baggage, being represented in a boat. This church possesses an organ.
ST.-PHILIPPE, . Second chapel of ease to TAssomption. No, B, PauboMtrgdu Battle, This church, begun in 1769, after the designs of Chal- grin, and fint^d in 1784, may be ranked among the productions whidi do honour to the French school.
The portico is formed of four Doric columns crowned by a pediment, which is omamented with a bas-relief, representiiig Religion. In the interior, sixteen columns of the Ionic order separate the nave from the aisles. The plan is that of the ancient basilics; the length is i56 feet and the breadth 78 . The high altar, of white mar- ble, is placed in a recess which forms the sanctuary, and is adorned with six Ionic columns, and statues of John the BaptisL and the four Evangelists. A second atatne of St. Man is placed in an opening to a chapel on the left. This chapel is dedicated to St. Philip, and a corresponding one on the opposite side to the Virgin Msiry. The church of St. Philip possesses several good pictured, among which, those most entitled to notice are, oeginning on the right:-— The virgin and child ; the martyrdofln of St. James the Less, by Degeorge ; St. Philip qaitting his family to follow Christ, by Delaval; the flight into Egypt ; the circumcision ojf Christ, and the baptism of Christ. — ^The organ is neat, and some rich banners are displayed on church festivals.
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78 churches:
ST.-PIERRE DE CHAILLOT,
Tliii*d chapel of ease to rAssomption.
No. 5o, Rue de ChaiUot-
This church, which existed in the eleventh centurv, was rehnilt in lySo, except the choir, whidi is of an- cient Gothic architecture. It has two aisles, but the/ do not extend behind the choir. At the entrance of the nave are two chapels ; that on the right is dedicated to St. Hippolyte, and contains a picture of that saint led to niart3rrdom. . The chapel of the virgin, on the left, has a statue of the virgin and child. Li the nave are two beautiful pictures, the one i*epresenting St. Peter raisins Tabitha, by Smith, and the other St. Peter delivered from prison by an angel, by Dubufle. Over the church- vvarden's pew is a magnificent head of Christ wearing the crown of thorns, and a good pictui^ of the croci- fixion.
The roof of the choir being lower than that of the nave, the deformity is hidden by a Jehovah smix)unded by a glory. At the entrance of the choir are statues of St. Peter and St. Paul. The high altar is ornamented vrith a picture of the deliverance of St. Peter fi-om prison, and two gilt angels in the act of adoration. This church contains several other pictui'es, none of which are woi'tby of pailicular observation.
GHAPELLE DE BEAUJON,
Fourth chapel of ease to TAssomption.
No. 5g, Faubourg du Route.
This chapel was erected, in 1780, at the expence of Nicholas Beaujon, receiver-general of the finances. It was built after the designs of Girai*din, and dedicated to St. Nicholas. A plain front is terminated by a pedi- ment, and the door is ornamented with two columns. The nave, in the form of a parallelogram, is decorated with ten Doric columns, and in the walls are six niches for statues. The roof is wrought in compartments, and at the extremities arc bas-r«?iiefs, one representing
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La MAOELEinE. 79
Chanlty , and the other Reli|pon . At the end of the nave is a rotunda formed by eight Ionic columns, round which extends & gallery, with fonr pews. The rotunda is crow^ned by a cupola richly ornamented with roses in Gompartments, and having a lantern in the centre. This part of the chapel is completely paved with marble, and tfcealfaris elevated upon three circular steps^ likewise oTmarfale. Behind it is a statue of the Virgtn. Till the revolntion, this chapel possessed a most spl^idid altar and o^er ornaments, and every niche had its statue. The front also was decorated with sculpture and a clock.
LA MADELEINE,
Boulevard de la Madeleine.
A church situated in the village of the YiUe r£veque^
being found, ia the middle of tlie eighteenth centui'y,
greatly inadequate to the extent of the population in the
oeighbourbood, Louis XV. ordained, m 1763, thecon-
straction of a new pai*ochial church. The spot chosen
vrastlie boulevard, opposite the rue Royalc, and Contant
d*Ivry furnished the plans. The first stone was laid
on the 3d of April 1^64, and Contant dying in 1777,
Couture junior was cnarged to continue the construction .
Tlie events of 1 789 suspended the works till 1808, when
Napoleon formed the project of converting this building
into a TncPLS 0/ Glosy, dedicated to the grand army.
The whole edifice was taken down and the present struc-
fore, in the form of a Roman temple, was commenced.
The works were again suspended by the events of 181 3.
In iStGt Louis X\'in ordained that the church should
be completed and destined to receive monuments to the
memory of Louis XVT, the queen Marie- Antoinette,
Louis XVII, and Madame Elizabeth.
The execution of the works was entrusted to Vignon, and althoagh it advances but slowly, the whole shell of the sfrnctui-e i^ finished. Its form is a paralello- /jnm, surrounded by a portico formed of columns
• ?»ow annexed to Paris.
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of the Corinthian order, resting upon a basement 7 i/a feet in height, and surmounted by an enladbia- tnre. Each front is ornamented with eight colnmos crowned by a pediment, at the angles of which are to he placed statues in marble. The height of the columns is 72 feet. Two flights of steps lead to an outer vestibule^ and from thence to an inner one. The nave is divided from the aisles by eight Corinthian colonms 54 feet in height. At the extremity of the church is alargeeemidr- cnlar recess, destined for the hi^ altar, andomamented with Ionic pilasters, which extend along the two bides. The sides of the church are skirted with galleries for the public. Two spacious chapels at the entrance will be appropriated, the one to baptism and the other to marriage. Six other chapels, each ornamented with two Ionic columns and a pediment, will contain the mo- numents of Louis XVI, Louis XVII, the queen Marie- Antoinette, Madame Elizabeth, the duke ol Berry, and the duke d*Enchien.
The effect of this building, when finished, will excite universal admiration.
ST.-ROCH,*
Parish-church of the second arrondissement.
No. 396, Hue St. -Honors.
This church was erected upon the site of two chap^, the one dedicated to St. Susannah, and the other to the five wounds of Christ.
It became parochial in i655; but being found too small for the mcreasing population, it was resolved to build a more spacious edifice. Louis XIY laid the lirst stone in the same year, but the works were not fuUy executed till lySo.
The first designs of this church were fmnisbed by Lemercier. It wad continued after those of Robert de Cotte, who also designed the portico. A peculiarity in his church is, that it extends from north to south, in-
* Bonaparte struck the name of St. Roch out of the calendar, o make room for St. Napoleon.
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a&ead o£ from east to west, the ground not allowing it to be placed in the latter direction.
The portal is approached by a magnificent flight of 16 steps, extending the whole breadlli of the church. The front is adorned with q ranges of columns of the Doric and Corinthian orders, surmounted by a pedi* mcnt mid cross, but is destitute of grandeur and dig- ufCy. Between the Doric columns are statues of Faiw and Hope. The front is 84 feet in bi^eadth, and has an elevatwm of 91 feet from the top of the steps to the sum- mit of the cross.
The interior architecture of the church is of the Doric order, and the sculpture is abundant. The length of the nave is go feet, that of the choir 49t a^nd their breadth ii. Twenty-two piUars, ornamented with Doric pilasters, and covered with marble at their base, support the roof; the piUars of the aisles are likewise adorned with marble. Three large chapels are seen be- hind the choir, which has a theatrical appearance . The puJpit is an object of universal admiration. It is of wainscot enriched with gilding. The four evangelists, of colossal size, form its base . Above them rises a genius, who with otttstiietched arms supports the body of the pulpit, the pannels of which are oraamented with bas-reliefs of the Theological Virtues gilt. The sounding-board is formed by a curtain, representing the veil of error, which is thrown back bv a celestial genius, the symbol of truth. The railing of the stairs, ofpolished iron and brass, is of exquisite workmanship. Opposite the pul- pit is a superb picture of the crucifixion. The organ is remaLrkahly fine. On one of the pillars that support the organ gaiUery is a mural monument elected by the duke of Orleans, in 1831, to the memory of Corncille; on the other is a similar tablet, containing the names of the benefactors of the church, and distinguished persons buried there, whose tombs were destroyed at the re- volution.
In the first chapel to the right on entering the nave, the marriage ceremony is peiformed ; it contains a group of Joachim and St. Anne. The next is occupied by a part of the moauments restored after the revolution;
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they are those of caixiinal Doboift, by Goustou, jimioi of tlie duke de Crdqui, by Coysevox, Coustou senkrami Joly ; of Mi^ard, by Lemoine ; and Leadigtii&r«tt,£r Coustou, senior. The Chapelle des Tripass^s is oim> inented with emblems of death, and three pictoresy viz. The crucifixion by Lombart ; the Virgin and child ; and the deliverance from purgatory. The Chtp^leduSacr^ OBur has pictures of Christ showing U& beart, Cfae rcAum of the prodigal son, and Christ healing ^ W^er. The Chapelle des Fonts, the first to the left on entenng the nave, presents a group in white marble of the Bap- tism of Christ, by Lemoine. The next contains the Te> maining monuments, namely, of Maupe^tais, by Hoes; of Maruial d'Asfeld; of Andi*^ Len6ti^, the cdk^rated
gardener, by Coysevox ; of Madame de Laiive de JuMy, y Falconet ; and the count d'Harcouit, by Renard. The chapel of St. Louis contains a pictui*c representing a scene from that monarch's ci*usade. In the next chapa is one of the Virgin appearing to Antonio Botta.
In the transept are four chapels, namely, beginning on the left : — i , Chapel ofSL-Denis, containing a mag- nificent picture of St. Denis preaching the goq^l ia France, by Vien; on the sides are statues of St. Augo$- tine and St. Ambrose, q, Chapelle de la Passion. Sta- tue of Christ's agony in the garden, by Falconet. 5, Chapel ofSl.'Roch. Statue of that saint accomp^ed by his dog, by Boichot. 4) Chapel of St. Genevi^e. A magnificent picture by Doyen, representing the cure of the maldesardens, in i25o, through the intercession of St. Genevieve. On the sides are statues of St. GretgDry and St. Jerome.
The choir presents little that is worthy of notice. The high altar is embellished with 1 4 superb candlesticks, and the eagle which serves for a reading-desk is of cu- rious workmanship. Behind the high altar is a monu- ment of cedar of Lebanon, richly ornamented with gilt bronze and mouldings. It rests upon a basement of costly variegated marble, and contains the relics belong- ing to the church. The divisions in which tlie relics are classed ai'e formed by fluted columns and pilasters. The back of the altar is ornamented with Christ ap-
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■■ pearing to Sfory Magdalen, beautifully painted by Le
Thiers.
Behind the choir, the first chapel, dedicated to the Virgin, is of a circular form, and decorated with Corin- thian pilasters, sormoonted by a cupola, the dimensions of which are fifty-«ix feet by forty-seven . It was painted in fresco, by Pierre, and represents the assumption. The Virgin appears surrounded by fow choirs of the hesTeniy world, formed of patriarchs, prophets, holy women of the Old Testament, and apostles and martyra of Chrt^idamty. On the altar is a grou]) in white marble, by F. Anguier, which formerly adorned the aitar of the Val-de-Grdce. It represents the infant Jesus in the man^r, accompanied by the Virgin and Joseph. At the sides of the altar are figures of Prudence and one of the Evangelists, by the same artist. Four pictures at the entrance to this chapel are worthy of attention, namely, the raising of Lazarus, by Yien ; Christ raising the daughter of Jairus, by Delorme ; Christ driving the money-changers from the Temple, by Thomas; and Christ blessing little children, by Yien. In the aisle i*ound this chapel arc several pictures, of which those most entitled to notice are, the triumph of Mordecai, by Jonvenet; Christ bearing his cross; Christ wearing the crown of thorns ; Christ and the Samaritan woman ; an angel appearing to St. Roch ; St. Sebastian ; the An- nunciation; St Roch; the Yirgin, infant Jesus and St. John -, tlie Virgin in gloiT, and round her t5 scenes of Iter owTi life and that of Christ ; the resurrection of a Saint y and the presentation in the Temple.
The next chapel is that of the Communion. Tlie cupola, painted by Pierre, represents the triumph of Re- ligion. Tlie thind chapel, which is called la Calvaire, -wais constructed in lySS, after the designs of Falconet and Bonl^. Its low vault, supported by massive pillars, and the sorobi'e tint of its walls, inspire melancholy and devotion. The figure of Christ placed in a recess, and receiving from above a dim religion^ light, is from the chisel of Michel Anguier. To the right is the entomb- ment of Christ, in plaster, by Deseine. The chapels round the choir, called stations^ are or-
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namented with bas-reliefe in pbwter, by Deseinc. The following is tlieir oi'der : — ^On the left next the nave, i , not executed ; a, Jesus betrayed by Judas ; 3, Christ before Caiphas; 4, Christ mocked; 5, Christ scourged. On the right next the nave : — 6, Christ wearing the crown of thorns ; 7, Christ broiig^ forth to the people ; 8 Clirist condemned by Pilate ; 9, Christ bearing his ' cross. In the Calvary :— 1 o, Christ nailed to the cross ; 1 1 , Christ crucified ; 1 2, Christ entombed, in several of the chapeb are fine specimens of ancient
^The pnncipal festivals celebrated in tliis church are, Christmas eve, at midnight; St. Roch's day; Easter- day Whitsunday; St. Louis's day; the mass m music, founded by the kni Ats of St. Louis, performed on Ja- nuary aSth; Holy Thursday; and Good Friday. Oa the latter day, strangers are recommended to take their places under the organ, from whence a fine view is obtained of the figure of Christ crucified at the ex- tremity of thechurch.
NOTRE-DAME DE LORETTB, First chapel of ease to St. Roch. No. 64, Rue du Faubourg Monimartre. This smaU church, erected in 1646, has little to re- commend it to notice. It contains several pictures, among which those most wortliy of attention, are the Lords Supper ; the Assumption ; the Descent from the cross ; the good Shepherd; and Christ's Agony in the garden.
EXPIA.TORY CHAPEL,
Second chapel of ease to St. Roch.
No, 71, Rue de Richelieu.
Upon the assassination of the Duke of Berrjr, by
Louvel, at the door of the French opera-house, it was
• Anew church, dedicated to Nolrc-Dame dc Lorrtte, is building at the extremity of the rue d*Artois.
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I resdved to rase that buildting to the groimd, and the mu- nicipality of Paris passed a resolatioii by which funds were voted for erecting an expiatory moDument upon the spot. Louis XYIII refused to sanction this measure, and it was then decided tiiat a group in marble in me- mory of the unfortunate prince should be erected in the cathedral of ^otre-Dame. After the death of that mo- narch, the municipality solicited Charles X for permis- ftiofnXo carry the original project into execution, and this being ^gnnted, it was determined to construct the pre- sent chapel, and place in it the group intended for Notice- Dame, wlo^ was. already in a state of forwardness. The designs d the. building were furnished by Messrs. Malpiere andMoatiers;
The chapei, which is approached by a flightof steps, is omameoted with 1 4 columns of tbe Doric order, which form a portico in front and open galleries on the sides. The cotomns stand on a high basement, and the walls of the building, rising considerably above their capitals, the chapel seems as if it were crowned by a tomb orna- mented with pediments. The total iengtlt of the edifice i^ loo feetj its breadth 60, and its height 65, In the interior it measures 60 feet in length by 3o in breadth, and 4^™^ei^-
The interior consists of a single nave, terminated by a semicircular recess. The walls are covered with French niarble, and the criling plastered with stucco and en- riched with sculpture. The pavement is of marble divided into compartments. On the right and left of the en- trance are altars m white marble, the one dedicated to St. Charles and the other to St.-Ferdinand, patron saints of the prince. The gi*onp in the recess, of Carrara onarble, by Messrs. Cartelher, Cortot and Dupaty, re- presents France and the city of Paris weeping over the »mb of the duke de Berry. The pedestal is orna- mented with fonr bas-reliefs, representing: — i, The K-ince, surrounded by the royal family, receiving ex- ireme unction ; ^9 the honours rendered to his mortal ■emains • 3 Ws entreaties in favour of his murderer ; 4> he birth of the duke de Bordeaux. At the angles of the tedestsii are four funereal genii, bearing the arms and
o
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insignia of the prince amidst wreaths and garlands. On the right and left of this group are two all^orical figur» of Strength and Charity. The building is surrounded with palisades.
ST.-EUSTACHE,
Parish-church of the third arrondissemeni.
Rues Trainee et du Jour.
This church, which is the largest in Par» exonit Notre-Dame, stands upon the site of the chapel of St. Agnes, which existed as early as I2i3 ; it was begun in I S5i and finished in 1 6ii . It is distingnished by veiy lofty arches of remarkable boldness; but the mixture of Gothic and Greek architecture produces coofnsioii, and the multitude of pillars prevents the intet*ior being seen to advantage. This churdi is 5i8 feet in length, and its breadth taken at the transept is i3a feet. The aisles are double and very lofty. The key-stone in the centre of the roof of the transept, and that which termi- nates the choir, project consideiubly ; the ribs of the vaulted ceiling meet in them, and the^ are bigbly orna- mental. The portico of the chm'ch is of a noiiich later date; it was built after the designs of Mansart de Jouyin 17549 and consists of colunms of two ocxlers plao^d one above the other, the Doinc and the Jonic, which support a pediment. At the extremities wei« to have been two squara towel's 1 15 feet in height, or- namented on each side with Corinthian colnmns and pediments ; but one only is finished.
This church possesses some beautiful specimens q| ancient painted glass, which the visitor wiU observe in the windows above the choir. In the nave are few splendid pictures, namely, St. Eustatius condemned to death ; Christ preaching to the multitude ; Chinsthealiug a paralytic, and the baptism of Christ. The pnlpil formerly belonged to Notre-Dame, but fell into the pos- session of St. Eustache at the revolution ; it was built bj ^.epautre after designs by Cartauld, and the sonndiixg* boai^ is universally admired. The organ is tmly maig- nificent, presenting, besides a great number of otliet
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, mae figures of anff^ pl»ying on mutical in-
stmineats, all in carved oak. The churcnwarden's pew should not escape attentioD ; it is formed of oak, and con- fliflta of rftlnniivy which support a canopy ; in the centre iaa raedaJJion of the crucifixion encircled by angeb ; and abore the canopy appears the Virgin attended by thi^ee smgehf one holding the cross, another presenting a crown, and the third offering a palm brandi.
In the transept are two chapels, one dedicated to John the BaUtist, and the other to St. Peter ; the altar-piece of the tbnner is the baptism of Christ, by Stella ; and that of the laAter, the healing of a leper, by Carle Van Loo. The choir is ornamented with nve pictures, yiz.— the martyrdom of St. Agnes; the adoration of the shepherds, by Carle Van Loo ; St. Louis, when sick, coming from his bed to receive the sacrament, by Do- yens-, Moses in the Desert, by La Gren^; and the adoration of the wise men of the east, by Carle Van Loo. The hi^ ahar is mean, being formed of wood, painted and gilt ; on each side is an angel in the act of adoration. Above the picture at the back of the high altar, is a £ne figure of Christ on the cross.
The lateral chapels in this structure are nineteen in xuunber, and should be viewed in the following order, liegiiiiiing on the ri^t:— i, Chapelle du Caluaire. It contains a cnrioos assemblage of instruments, emble- matical of the sufferings of Christ; among which, the " forty pieces of «lver,'^ and the dice with which **they cast Jots," are not forgotten. 2, The chapel of St. Ce- cilisif contains a picture of that saint playing on a piano- forte. 3, chapel of the angel Gabriel. The altar-piece represents the angel conducting Tobit. 4 9 Chap^Ue du SmiiU Caeur de Marie. The altar-piece is the entomb- ment of Christ : it also contains statues of Joseph and the Virgin, and a monument to the memory of Robert Secousse, formerly rector of the church . 5, 'The chapel of St.-Augostine, possesses a beantifol marble bust of Christ wearing the crown of thorns. The altar-piece, by Descamp* represents the conversion of St. Augus- tine, who ss presented by his mother to St. Ambrose. 6, Chapel of »*• Joseph, which contains pictures of the
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holy family, the last supper, and the crucifixion. 7, Chapel of St. Anne. Pictures :«- St. Anne instmctiDg the Virgin ; and St. Ambrose receiving a warrior. 8, Chapel of the Guardian Angel. Pictures:— the Guardian Angel ; and the disciples at Emmaus. 9, Chapel of St. Andrew . Picture :•— the martyrdom of that saint, i o, The chape] of the Virgin, immediately behind the hi^ altar, is spacious; the architecture is in the same style as the church, but its height is not in proportion to its breadth. Above the high altar is a beautiftii marble statue of the Virjpn, by Pigalle ; and two angds, in bronze. On the sides of the chapel are two bas-relieCs, one representing the presentation of our Saviour in the temple -, and the other, Christ before the doctors, by Francis. On the left is the mausoleum of the celebrated Colbert; it consists of a black marble tomb, gurmonnlBd by a statue of Colbert, in a kneeling attitude; at the sides are two full-length female figures, in lamentation. In the aisle, opposite this chapel, are two fine pictures, one, Jesus driving the money-changers, etc., trooi the Temple, by Poisson ; and the other, St. John Nepocn- menus, a maii;3rr to the secret of confession, by Bfa- ri^y . 1 1 , The chapel of St. Peter the Exorcist, con- tains a picture of that saint exercising his ministry ; and one of die last snpper . 12, The chapel of St. Agnes, hsts pictures (^tliat saint in prison, and the adoration of the wise men of the east. Above the altar is a basnrelief of tlie mart3rrdom of St . Agnes . 1 3 , The chapel of St . Vin- cent de Paule, contains two pictures, one representing tliat saint instituting the community of the sceurv de im charitid ; and the other, the same saint delii«nng an exhortation in favour of foundlings . 14) The chapel of Ste. Genevi^rve, has a bas-relief of that saint keeping \un flock. i5. The chapel of St. Louis. The altar-piece represents that monarch at prayer, and opposite is a fuc> ture, in which an angel, accompanied by the heavenly host, is seen bringing him the crown of thorns. 16, In the chapel of St. Eustatius is a bas-relief, represenCiiig his martyrdom ; and a picture of the crucifixion. 17, The chapel of St. Monica has a picture of her death, by Palli^.^x8,TheCAa;M/Zi?de5F<Mi&,pos8es6e8twapic
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tores rf John the Baptist; and one of the crucifixion — 10 'Zh&Chapelledeta Passion, contains a fine picture of the disciples at Emmaus, by Lagren^; and two of saints m meditation. u. . j • ♦!,:.
Many distinguished persons have been buried in this church, among whom may be mentioned the painter Ciiarles de Lafosse, Colbert, and admiral Tourville.
iGUSE MS FETlTS^PteES, OR DE NOTBE-DAME-DES- YIGTOIRES, First chapel of ease to St.-Eustache. Place des Petits-PSres. A ooiBmaiaty of barefooted Augustine monks* es- tablished themilves in Paris, in 1607. They occupied a couvent in the rue des Petits-Augustins, from whence thCT remofcd, in 1620, to the rue Montmartre, and sub- geqiently, to a spot near the rue Grange ^teli^re Lotus Xm declared himsdf their founder, m 1610 ; and oa the Qth irfDecemberof that year, laid the foundation- stone of a conwut contiguous to the spot where the church now stands, and dedicated the chun.h to liotcc-Bame-des-Yictoires, in commemoration ol the victorieshe hadobtiined, and particularly of the capture of the town of k Rochelle, after a long siege. Ibis chtirch being found too smaU for a cpiarter the popula- tion of which increased daily, was rebuUt by the monks ; and the Utter in its turn was demohshed, and the pre- jfcnt edifice erected, in i656, aft«r the designs ol F^ I^emuet ; H is remarkable for its simphcity. TJe form ol tl>e edifice is a Roman cross; its length is i33 feet, its l,rcadth 33, and its height 56. The portal ww built in ,^3g, after designs by Cartaud, and presents P^J^tCTsjJ i^ofonic and C^nthian orders. On ^e nght and left J a pyramid, surmounted by a globe, co.^ered with
• ThU comBWimty was called Petia Pkres, because two of
.to «io^wSousforlhc establishment of their order m Par ,
uJiv^^not small stature, being introduced into the anii-
:!1^ mW o?H^^^^^ the king iaid \Qui sent ces petUs pcrcs^
JP%^ from which time they retained the name.^^^gl^
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fleurs-de-lis. The aixdiitecture that prevails in the inte- rior is Ionic, surmounted by a composite Attic.
The choir is ornamented with nine pictores, in the following order; the first and last by Gail lot, and the seven others by Carle Van Loo, who required no re- compense for his labours, and received only 6bo fr. for the canvas and frames, i, St. Monica, mother of St. Augustine, beholding in a di^am the conversion of her son; iy the Baptism of St. Augustine, his scm Adeodat, and his friend Alypus ; 5, the Consecration of St. Augustine, as archbishop; 4) ^he Death of St. Augustine ; 5, the Virgin seated on a doud, holding in one hand the Infant Jesus, and presenting with the other a palm-branch to Louis Xm. That monarch prostrate at her feet, offers a plan of the church which he has dedicated to her, under the title of Notre-Dame-des-Yictoires. Cardinal Richelieu is on the left of the king, and on the ri^t a minister presents the keys of la RochcUe, the walls of which are seen in the back-ground. 6, the Ti*anslation of the relics of St. Augustine to Pavia ; 7, St. Augustine's conference wi^ the follower of Donatus ; 8, St. Augustine preaching the gospel ; g, the Conversion of St. Augustine. In the nave are seven pictures, viz. — i, the Benediction of Simeon; 2, the Virgin with Jesus and St. John; 5, Christ preaching in the Temple ; 4? the offering up of Isaac ; 5, the holy Family ; 6, the Yirgin and InCant Jesus; 7, the nativity.
This church has no aisles, but chapels are formed under arches on each side of the nave. The first chapel on the right, dedicated to St. Joseph, is beauttfnlly adoimedwith marble; it contains a statue of St. Joseph, and a monument to the memory of M. Vassal, councillor of state, consisting of a cenotaph, surmounted bj as obelisk, on each side of which is a weepinc figare. Beneath a medallion containing a portrait of the de> ceased is an inscription.
The next chapel is that of Noire-Dame des Sept- DouleurSy which contains a pictui'e illustrative of its dedication. The next chapel has nothing worthy of notice. The chapel of the Virgin presents her statue.
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in stone, and pictures of the death of St. Joseph, and the annonGiation. The chapel opposite, dedicated to St. Aagustine, contains a sUtoe of that saint, in stone, and pictores of the presentation in the temple, and the laying on of hands by the apostles. The next chapel presents nothing entitled to attention. The chapel of St. diaries is richly ornamented, and possesses smaU statues of St. Charles Borromeo, and Pope Pius V. The chapel ol St. Genevi^e contains the monument of the cele- brated composer LuUi, by Cotton. It consists of a ce- notaph of black marble, at the base of which are weeping females in white marble. A bust of the deceased is placed above the cenotaph, between two genii. In the Chapetie des FonU is a neat marble vase for the baptismal waiter.
On the tower of this church is the telegraph oorres- pondine with Lille.
The buildings of the convent are occupied by the mayor of the third arrondissement, barracks for ve- tenns, etc.
NOTRE-DAME DE BONNE-NOUVELLE, Second chapel of ease to St. Eustache. ^o. 23, Rue de la Lune. The first churdi that stood on this spoty erected in 1 55 1, was destroyed during the troubles of the Ltgue, and rebuilt in 1624. The whole edifice, except the ^teefOe, was demolished in iSaS, and the present neat small structure raised on its site was finished in aSao. Tl» Wty and elegant portico consists of two columns ^^.^'^'o square pillars^ of the Doric order, crowned by a pediment. The nave is separated from the aisles by 8 Doric columns, with square pillai^s opposite to corres- pond. The recess in which the high altar stands is snnnounted by a demi-cupola, handsomely ornamented with ro»es in compartments. The organ is neat, and the pulpit is ornamented with a bas-relief repiesenting the assumption. This church contains several pictures, namely :— -St. Louis touching for the evil ; the Descent
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of the Holy Ghost upon the Virgin; the Assumption; the Holy Family ; the Baptism of Christ; the Adoration of the sacred heart ; Ste .-Genevi^e ; Mary Magdalen con- templating death ; St. Francois de Sales ; and St. IVicho- )as; statues of John the Baptist and the Virgin.
ST.-GERMAIN-L'AUXERROIS,
Parish-church of the fourth arrondissement.
Place SL'-Germain^VAuxerrois.
This church, which existed as early as the 7th oen- tnry, was pillaged and destroyed by the Normans, but rebuilt by king Robert in the becinning of tbe i ith century. During the ascendancy of the English at Paris, in 14^^) il: >vas almost entirely rabuilt. At a remote ))eriod, it possessed a school and many privileges . Having become the parish-church of the court, much vras done to embellish it ; but most of its ornaments and monu- ments were removed or destroyed at the revolution.
The portico, becun in 1 435, was never carried to its full elevation. It is ornamented with statues, and it is remarkable, that at the revolution these were spared, when those of other churches were destroyed.
The interior is regular ; the aisles are double, and these are encircled by chapels as well ix>und the nave as the choir. Its length is 240 feet, and its breadth, at the transept, 120. The architecture is a mixture of the Greek ana the Gothic of the i Jth centuiT". At the re- moval of the screen, which was an object universally admired, in i744> *he columns of the nave were fluted and the capitals raised. This church was formerly collegiate, and had a chapter, which, in 1 744 » was united to that of Notre-Dame. This, being tlie parish-church of theTuileries, is ornamented in many parts with the arras of France and other emblems of royally. The pulpit is large, massive, and highly ornamented ; the pannels are covered yf'iWiJleurs de lis. Opposite it is a fine figure of Christ on the cross. The churchwarden's pew was executed in 1684, after desimis by Lebrun, and is the most beantifiil of any in Pans. It is ornamented with fluted Corinthian columns, and pilasters supporting a
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pediment, in which are the royal anus and crown. The back of the pew is curiously carved, and above rises a canopy, surmounted by the royal arms and crown, from which falls a curtain, sprinkled with^^ur^ delis^ sappoii:ed at the corners by genii, the whole of carved 0^. The organ is handsome, being ornamented with ancient figures and other carved work.
The ancient painted glass of the transept is highly worthy of attention. Near a door in the transept, on the right, is a picture of St. Louis, receiving the holy crown of thorns from the archbishop of Sens, upon his return from Palestine. In the aisle near it, is the mar- tyrdom of St. Sebastian. Over the opposite door of the transept is a fine painting, by Aubois, i^epi^sendng the jnartyrdom of St. Gerrais.
The railing of the choir is of polished iron, ornamented with brass, and finely executed; but the design is in bad taste. The choir is paved with marble. The high altar is painted in imitation of marble, and richly orna- mented with bronze gilt ; it is elevated upon six steps, and surrounded on the sides and behind by a balustrade of curious stone-work; it is adorned with 12 superb candlesticks, from the midst of which rises a splendid figure of Christ on the cross, the whole of brass gilt. The altar-piece, hy Pajou, represents St. Germain re- ceiTing, at Nanterre, the vow of St. Genevieve. The window above the high altar presents the royal arms in painted glass. In the choir is a splendid eagle of brass gilt, which serves for a reading-desk.
The chapels are 19 in number, and a few of them contain specimens of ancient painted glass. They should be viewed in the following order, beginning on the ri^t : — i , Chapel of John the JDaptist, picture 01 the Baptist. 2, Chapel of St. Anne. Pictures: — St. Anne with the Virgin when a child; Christ paying tribute. 3, Chapel of the Virgin. The altar is ornamented with Corinthian columns and a pediment enriched with gild- ing, and a statue of the Virgin. Pictures : — The descent of the Holy Ghost on the Virgin and her followers; and the descent from the cross. 4^ Chapel of St. Joseph. Picture, St. Joseph with Christ when a child, by
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Mad. Arsenne. 5, Chapelle de VAssomption, The front of the altar is of needle-work. Pictures : — The Assumption and the Holy Family. 6, Chapelle du Cur^. The altar-piece is Christ and the disciples at Enunaus. The other pictures are, Christ pajiog trihute, and the Centurian imploring the Saviour to come and heai his servant. Between this chapel and the next is a fine picture of the crucifixion, containing an immense nmnber of figures. 7, The Chapelle des Tr4pass6s b ornamented with emblems of death, and a picture representing souls in purgatory. It contains two monuments to the me- mory of two chancellors of France of the name of Etienne d'Aligre, father and son. The drapery of the statutes is of good execution. 8, Chapel of St. Vincent de Panle, with a picture of that saint preaching to villagers, p, Chapelle du Calvaire. The altar-piece is Christ's agony in the garden, and the front of the altar presents a dead Christ, painted in imitation of bas-relief. Above the altar is a figure of Christ on the cross, and statues of Joseph and the Virgin . Pictures : — An Ecce Homo and Christ scourged. 10, Chapelle da SacHCantr. This chapel is ornamented with a portrait of Madame Eliza- beth, sister of Louis X\7, who perished at the revolu- tion. She is adoring the heart of Jesus, and the repdia and church vessels, lying in confusion at her feet, indicate the subversion of the throne and the altar. 11, The chapel of Ste. -Genevieve has a statue of that saint, i a. Noting worthy of notice. i3. Chapel of St. Landri. Statue of that saint, and picture of the adoration of the Virgin by Rouget. 14, Chapelle de la Madeleine. Picture of Mary Magdalen at the foot of the cross. i5. Chapel of St Louis. In the midst of a singular relief re- presenting a purple canopy, with cherubim and other ornaments, is a picture of St. Louis at prayer. This chapel contains two statues and two busts, remains of the monuments of the family ofdeRostaing, destroyed at the revolution. 16, Nothing worth describing. 17, Chapel of St. Germain. In a picture the saint is rcpi^eaented receiving a heavenly crown. 1 8 and 1 9 contain nothiiig entitled to notice.
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, A nch canopy, valaed at !io,ooo fr. , was presentsed t»
I this church by Louis XYIII.
It was by the bell of St.-Grennain-r Auierrois that the signal was given for the massacre on St. Bartholomew's day. The piincipal festivab celebrated in this church are, the parochial f&te on the last Sunday of July ; the eve of St. Louis's day (Aug. 24}, when all the members of the Fi«Dch Academy attend a mass in music, and the Presi- dent delivers an address ; the Feie Dieuj when the royal family walk in procession ; Tuesday or Wednesday ik Holy ^eek, when tfae royal family receive the sacra- ment; Easter-day, and Whitsunday.
ST.-LAURENT,
Parish-church of the fifth arrondissement.
Place de la FiMitd,
This church, which at a very remote period belonged to a monastery, was destroyed by the Normans, and re- built in the i5th century. In i548 it was enlarged, in great part rebuilt in iSgS, and considerably repaired and embellished with a poilico in 1622. The portico presents two rows of 4 columns of the Doric and Ionic orders, each row surmounted by a pediment, and the upper pediment crowned with a cross. The interior is divided into a nave and two aisles. The architecture is in the Gothic style. The keystones of the roof are cu- riously wrought. The oi'gan is handsome, and the pulpit is adorned with bas-reliefs, among which may be observed St. Denis, who, according to the le- gsnd, carried his head in his hand from Montmartre to the spot where the chorch of St. Denis was after- -vrard built.
Ijhe choir h ornamented with Corinthian pilasters and an abundance of carved work. Behind the high altar is a deep arcade, surmounted by an entablatui^e and pediment supported by Corinthian pillars, the whole painted in imitation of marble, and richly ornamented Dvith gilding. Above the pediment rises a cross.
The ChapeUe des Fonis^ the first on the right, con- tains pictures of the Baptism of Christ, the descent from
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the cross, and Abraham offering np Isaac. The chapel of John the Baptist presents John preaching in the wilderness. The chapel of St. ApoUine has a statue of that saint by Bongron; and a picture of Simeon blessing the Infant Jesus. The chapel of St. -Gene- vi^e contains a handsome altar of white marble, and a fme picture of the Apotheosis of that saint. The chapel of the Virgin is ornamented with composite pilasters, and surmounted by a dome enriched with scidpture of cherubim, the books of the law and tlie gospel, etc. The upper part presents a picture of the Assumption . It contains some line specimens of saaaaA painted glass. The altar is ornamented with a statue of the Virgin, with the Infant Jesus, who stands upon a globe, and treads the serpent beneath his feet; this group IS surmounted by a representation of the celestialregions. The Chapelle du Sacrd Cceur has a picture of the Ado- ration of the sacred heart. The chapel of St. Laurent contains a remarkably handsome altar, and a picture of St. Laurent led to martyrdom, by Greuze. The ChapeOe du Cetlifoire has a croup in plaster of Christ taken down from the cross, and a picture of the Saviour rising from the dead. The next chapel contains a statue of Ste.-Ge- nevi^e; and the last a picture of Christ and the disciples at Enmiaus.
8T..VINCENT-DE-PAULE, Chapel of ease to St.-Laureut. No, 6. Rue MorUhohn. This small irregular chapel is remarkable for havinn^ been the burial-place of the philantliropist to whona it is dedicated, and who was canonized in 1757. It contains only two chapels, namely, the Chapelle des fonts ^ wbicfc is ornamented witli a picture of the Baptism of Chrnl; and that of the Virgin, which presents her statue. The altar-piece of the high altar represents the Apotheosis of St. Vincent de Paule, and has on one side, St. Anne in- structing the Virgin, and on the other, Ste. Genevieve* both by Pauline Colson . The other pictures, beginning on the right, are:—- The cmcifixion; the descent frcMn
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ST . -N ICOLIS-OES-C H AMPS.
97
I the crox^ bv Marigny; Christ healing the blind and the kme, by Dejninne ; a fine cmcifixion ; the AMump-
I tioa ; Noah offering sacrifice after coming out of the ark ; the dream of St. Joseph, by Gaillot; Christ inviting Uttk chi Idren to come onto him ; and the Tri nity crown- ing the Virgin.
ST..NICOLAS-DES^H)lMPS,
Parish church of the sixth arrondissement.
No. 200, Rue SL-MarUtiy
K church which existed upon this spot as early as 1 1 19, became parochial in 1 184- It was enlarged in 1420, and in 1576 the choir and the chapels behind it were oonstmcted.
Its architecture is partly in the Gothic style andpai-tiy modem. The nave is skirted by Gothic and Doric architecture, and the double aisle is divided by 11 pillars in the Gothic style and i a Doric columns. The pulpit is mean ; the organ is truly magnificent, being adorned with fine full-length figures in carved work.
The choir is ornamented with 1 1 fluted Doric columns , i^hich form a continuation of the modem architecture of the nave. The high altar is elegant and rich, being formed of Corinthian columns of black marble, sur- mounted by an attic and a pediment. The altar-piece, -which is divided into two parts, represents the Assump- tion, by Simon Youet ; the angels in adoi*ation, of stucco, are by Sarrazin . Behind the altar ai'e two pictures, one of the Eternal Father, and the other of the last supper.
The chapels, which are 26 in number, should be viewed in the following order, beginning on the right : T, Chapelle des Fonts. Picture, Baptism of Christ. 3, Chapelle des Trip4issis, It is ornamented with em- blems of death, and has two pictures, vis. Christ's agony in the garden, by Rougct, and the deliverance of souls from pulsatory . 3, Chapelle de la Ste . Croix, Picture, Christ bearing his cross,byCoutant. 4i Chapel of Ste. -Ge- ncviivc. Pictures, Ste.-Genevi^e, and the crucifixion. 5, 1 4^hapelof St. Nicholas. Pictures, St. Nicholas and the rais- ing of Lazarus . 6, Chapelle de la Cirdoneision . Picture,
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98 CHURCflES:
The circomcision of Christ. 7, Chapel of St Anne. A hi^j ornamented altar with statues representing St. Anne instructing the Virgin when a child. Picture, The good shepherd. Between this chapel and the next is a passage, in which is a large picture repreaentina Louis Xni making his vow to the Virgin. 8, ChapelU de la Ste.-Famille. Picture, the Holj Familj, bjr Le- brun. 9, Chai)el of St. Bruno. Picture, the Apo- theosisof St. Bruno. 10, Chapel of St. Martin. PidUures, the seed of the woman bruising the serpent's bead, and St. Martin healing a leper at one of the gates of Paris. 1 1 , Chapel of the Virain. The altar is derated with a group of the Virgin ana child, the latter treading a sei*pent beneath his feet, by Delaistre ; and two pictures by Caminade, representing the Nativity, and the halt of the Holy Family. In a passage next this chapel is a picture of the marriage of Joseph and the Virgin, i a , Chapel of St. Cecilia. In an el^nt recess over the altar is a statue of St. Cecilia. i3, Chapellede la Passion, Pic- tures, Christ wearing the ci*own of thorns, and the descent from the cross. 1 49Chapel of St. Michael. Pictures, Michael warring with Uie rebellious angels, and the Virgin watching Jesus in his sleep. 1 5, CSiapel of John the Baptist. Statue of tlie Baptist and picture of the circumcision. 16, Chapel of St.-Vincent-de-Panle. Pic- ture of St.-Vincent-de-Paule clothing a poor man. Jjn three pannels are Christ bearing his ciXMs, the crudfix- ion and the descent from the cross. 17, Chapel of St. Charles Borromeo. Two pictures of St. Cfharles minister- ing to the sick of the plague at Milan. 18, Chapel oC St. John the Evangelist. The altar of this chapel is fitxe. Picture, Martyrdom of St. John. 19, Chapel of St. Stephen. Picture, St Stephen relieving the sick. The altar is extremely elegant, ao. Chapel of St. Look- Picture, St. Louis afibrding succour to the sick, ai, Chapelle du SL-Sauveur, Picture, Christ, the way, the truth , and the life . 2 !2 , Ckapeiie du CaliHum . Th* chapel is ornamented with rock-work to repi Mount Calvary. On the summit is Christ on the < attended by the Virgin, St. Joseph and Mary Magd a3, Chapel of St. Roch. Pictura, Angel appearing toS
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Roch . 34 , Chapelle de U Croix. A neat altar. a5, Cha^ peiie du SacrS Omir. Pictare, Christ commanding littk children to be broagfat to him.
Several artists and distinguished literary men are bu- ried in this church. The portal next the rue St.-Au- maire is much admired for its sculpture.
ST.-LEU ET ST.-^ILLES, Chapel of ease to St.-Nicolas-des-Champs. No. 1 82, Rue SL^Denis- In ii56, achapel of ease of Gothic architecture was erected upon this spot, which, in 1617, became paro- chial. It was reconstructed about 1 3ao, and in 1 6 1 1 the choir was rebuilt, and the church enlarged. The ae- neral character of the structure is Gothic, although this style has been departed from in some of the later repdrs. The nave and choir are separated from the aisles by 19 arches. Hie organ is fine, and the pulpit, which is richly ornamented, is modem. At the entrance of the choir, on each side, are statues of St.-Leuand St.-Giiles. The nave and the choir ara adorned with 4 fine pictures, representing St. Margaret, oueen of Scotland, washing the feet of the poor, by Gassiez ; St.-Len delivering pri- soners ; Christ walldng on the sea, by Lebufle; and St. Gilles discovered in his retreat by the king of the Goths, by Monvobin. Overthe churchwarden's pew is a picture of Christfs agony in the garden. The church having undergone repairs in 1780, under the direction of de WaiiJy, ^e high altar was elevated upon eleven steps, which gives it a theatrical appearance. This plan afforded the architect an opportunity of forming a sub- terranean chupel beneath the choir to represent the holy sepnlchre. The high altar is ornamented with a fine figure of Christ on the cross, with two angels.
The chapels, beginning on the right, are; — 1 , ChapeUe des Fonts. Pictures, Baptism of Christ, and the cru- cifixion . In the aisle leading to the next chapel are, the annunciation, the nativity, and the woman taken in adultery, the latter by Delaval. a, Chapd of St. Louis . Pictares, St. Louis m the act of devotion; Christ and
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the disciples at Emmaus ; Halt of the holj familj in Egypt; Baptism of Christ; Martyrdom of St. YinoeDtat Saragossa ; and a portrait of St. Francis de Sales, taken after death , by Philippe de Champagne . 3, Chapel of St. James the apostle. The front of the altar presents a cu- rious piece of ancient carved work, the suljjeet of whicli is the creation. Pictures, St. James; the BRtivity ; Christ and the woman of Samaria ; the Virgin and child ; and the descent from the cross. 4? Chapel of Si. Denis. Pictures, St. Denis and Christ appearing to Mary Mag- dalene . 5, Chapel of Ste . -Genevieve . The altar is orna- mented with a statue of Ste. -Genevieve, which was ori- ginally on her tomb in the abbey dedicated to her honour. Picture, The descent from the cross. 6, Chapelle du Sacr^CcBur. On the sides of the entrance are pictures o{ Ste.-Oenevieve and Christ wearing the crown of thorns. The altar-piece is the host of heaven adoring tlie sacred heart, 'j ^ Chapelle du St, 'S^pulcre ovCahaire, This is the subterranean chapel beneath tJie choir ; it is orna- mented with columns, and contains lo small pictures, and a tomb in which is a fine statue of Christ in a recum- bent posture, which formerly lielongedto the church du St.-SiSpulcre, on the site of which tlie cour Batave has been since formed . Over the entrance is a pictui^e of tlie entombment of Christ. 8, Chapel of St. Leu . Pictures, St. Leu ; angels appearing to the shepherds ; and the pre- sentation in the temple. In the aisle is a fine picture of St. Charles Borromeo by Delaval. 9, Chapel of the Virgin, group of the Virgin and child ; in tlie back-ground is a representation of the heavenly glory, with cnei-ubim in adoration, richly gilt. In the aisle is a picture of Christ and the Samaritan woman.
This church possesses a number of relics, which the visitor will observe in shrines in Uie different chapels.
St. Leu being considered a healer of the sick, the kings of France, upon their accession to the throne, for- merly visited this church nine days in succession, to im. plore health of the patt*on saint.
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STE.-ELISIBETB, — ST.-MERRl. loi
STE.^LISABETH, Second chapel of ease to St.-Nicolas-des-Chainps. No. 107, Rue du Temple.
TbU charch,to which a convent was attached, was built in 1628 for a commuaity of nuns called Dames de Ste, Elisabeth. The chuix^h was consecrated on the i4tli ofjtdy 1646, and dedicated to St. Elizabeth of Hungary. The portal is decorated with Doric and Ionic pilastcra. Tbe interior was completely rebuilt in iS'ig. Behind the higUahar is a chapel dedicated to the Virgin. It is ornamented with six windows of beantifnl modem painted gbtss, executed by Mr. White an Englishman, representing, Faith, Hope, Charity, Isaiah, John the Baptist, and St. Jolin the Evangelist. The statue of diie Yir^n above the altar is mean. In tlie aisle ara several pictures, among which are the nativity, tlie baptism of Chn'st, the vision of the cross, Ste. -Genevieve, and the healing of the lame man. The chapel of St. Elizsdjethy to the left on entering, possesses a splendid picture by Blondel, representing that saint laying her crown upon the altar at the feet of the Saviour's image.
ST.-UERRI,
Parish church of the seventh arrondissement.
No. 2, Hue St. -Martin.
This chm-ch was, in its origin, a chapel dedicated to St. Peter, near which was a small monastery, where S%. Mederic or Merri died in the year 700 . It was dedicate to St. Merri in 820, in consecpjence of its containing his ashes . Some years after, it became parochial ; and falli ny« into ruins, was rebuilt in iSao. Its Gothic arch itectui^ is remarkably elegant, and it possesses numerous remains oTlieaatifcd ancient painted glass in a good stati.* of pre- servation. The organ is fine, and the pulpit is highly ornamented with fcniage and ecdesiasticsd emblems ; the soanding-board is supported by two palm-trees, and crowned by a statue of the Virgin holding a cross. To the right on entering is the Chapelie de la CorrmmfHon^ hnilt in 1 764, after the designs of Richard. It is lighted
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by three lanterns, and decorated with Corinthian pilas- ters; over doors at the extremities are two basH^lids, by Slodtz, representing religious subjects. The altir- piece by Coypel represents Christ breaking bread in the presence of the two disciples at Ernmaus; on the right is a pictm-e of St. Charles Borromeo administering the sacrament to the sufferers by the plague at Mihm, hj Colson ; and on the left, St. John ChrysostombehoWiu^ angels present whilst thefisiithful are i^eceiving the com- munion, by Peron. Tiie altar is of marble. Ktlhc entrance of this chapel are two statues, John thefia^tist by Laitii, and St. Sebastian by De Bay ; on apiUar op^ site the latter is a fine picture of St. Sebastian. The other chapel on th is side is not worthy of notice . On tbe left of the nave is ^eChapelle du Calpoirey which con- tains a fine group of the descent from the cross.
In the transept ape 4 chapels ornamented with Gonii- thian columns supporting pediments. The first, on the right, dedicated to St. Peter, has a picture of that saint, by Restout; the chapel of the Virgin, the Virgin and child by Carle Vanloo; the chapel of St. Charles, St. Charles Bon-omeo at prayer, by the same ; and the chapd of St. Merri, a vision of that saint, by Vouet. Nearthe right door of the transept is a fine descent from the cross ; and near the left, the healing of those afflicted with the rnaldes ardens^ through the intercession of Ste. -Genevieve.
The screen is formed of marble with iron gates. The choir is small, but richly decorated, after the designs of Slodtz, executed in 1 761 . The walls aije covered with red stucco, in imitation of marble .enriched with hroMe ornaments, and the pavement is of marble. The high altar is in the form ot an antique tomb, and has a sapcrb gilt tabernacle; above it is a reliquary of large dimensioai containing the relics of St. Merri, and still higher, Ae sacred vessel in which the host is kept. The ardfe behind the altar is covered with a representation of the celestial regions, with cherubim, etc., richly gilt.
The cha^iels round the nave are la in number, an^ some of them contain ciu<ious specimens of ancien nainted glass. The following is their order, brginnin]
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NOTRE-DAME DES BUHfCS^MANTEAUX. I o3
oo the right: — i, Chapelie de la Passion. Pictures, the descent from the cross and the Holy Family, a, Chapelie ^ VAsscmption. Picture, the Assnmptioo of the Virgin. 5, Chapel of St. Merri. Pictures, St. Herri at P?ayer and Ste.-Genevidve. Between this cha- pel and the next is a fine picture of St. Martin. 4^ Chapel of St. Francis Xavier. Pictures, a missionary preaching to Indians, and the Holy Family. 5, Chapel of St. Francis de Sales. Pictures, St Francis attending the viceroy of Naples on his death-bed, and Christ and the Samaritan woman . 6, Chapel of the Virgin . Statue of the Yir^n. Pictures, the Annunciation and the Descent from tlw cross. 7, Nothing worthy of notice. 8, GAa- p^le de la Transforation, Pictures, the Transfi- guration ; the reparation of a profigmed church by Belie ; a portrait of St. James, and the martyrdom of Uie same Saint. 9, Chapdle de la Madeleine. Pictures, Mary Magdalen at the foot of the cross ; the Holy Family, and St. Charles fiorromeo preadiing. 10, Chapel of St. Josroh. Pictures of that saint and tlie Annunciation. 1 1 , Chapel of St. Vincent de Paule. Pictures, Apotheosis of that saint, and the Nativity. Chapelie des Disciples dEmmaus. Pictures, Christ and the disciples at Em- maus, and a fine Descent from the cross.
KOTRE-DAME DES BLANCS-BIANTEAUX,
Chapel of ease to St.-Merri.
lio. 14, Rue des Blancs-Manteaux,
CoDtiguoM to this church -was a convent of nuns, who established themselves at Paris in 1 358, and were called ' by the people Blancs-Manteaux, from their wearing white cloaks. The convent and church were rebuilt in 1 685. The interior is ornamented with pilasters of the Corinthian order, and cfver the arches are medallions in stone representing saints. The length of the building is much too great for its breadth, and the aisles are exces- sively narrow. This church possesses several good pic- tures. Over the principal door, are the burial of St. Petronique ; a Martyr ; the Annunciation ; and Simeon blessing Christ. On the left of the nave are 5 chapels ,
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but one only, dedicated to the Virpa, is worthj of . attention. The altar is ornamented with two angels in ' the actof adoration; it contains pictures of the Assump- tion and the Adoration of the wise men of the east ; and a beautiful crucifix in ivory.
The high altar is surmounted by a figure of the Virgin standing on a globe, smTOunded by cheiiibim, and treading a serpent beneath her feet ; above is a glorj. The upper window presents Christ on the cross in painted glass. In 4 arcades, next that in which the Virgin stands, are statues of the four Evangelists. In the aisles, begioning on the right on entering, are pictures of Jesus washing the feet of his apostles, by Latil ; Christ, the good shepherd ; the Marriage of Cana, in Galilee ; Jesus healing one possessed of a devil, by Frosts ; the Miracle of the loaves and fishes, by Audran ; the Annun- ciation ; a dead Christ ; the Angel appearing to Joseph in a dream ; and a good copy of St. Michael, after Raphael.
The convent was suppresed in 1790.
ST.-FRAWgOlS-D* ASSISE,
Second chapel of ease to St-Merri .
No. i3, Hue du Perche.
This church, which belonged to a convent of capu- cines, established in i6a5, is destitute (^architectural orn; -nents, but is extremely neat. It possesses a small org • ; the pulpit is ornamented with a bas-relief of Chr*st giving the keys to Peter. On the sides of the altar is a pictui^e of the entombment of Christ, and another representing a numerous group of personages, in which Mary Magdalen is a conspicuous flgui'e. In the nave are pictures of St. Charles Borromeo admiaistering the sacrament to the sick of the plague at Milan ; John the Baptist reproving Herod for adultery, by Francpie; St John's vision of the Apocalypse, by Ti^czel ; St. Francis d' Assise, before the Sultan of Egypt, by Lordon ; tlie crucifixion ; St. Francis before Pope Inuo- cent lU, by Gaillot, and Peter's deliverance from prison . On the riglit of the nave is the Chapelle des Fonts^ which contains a small bas-relief, representing the decollation
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ST.-uBjris. io5
of John the Baptist^ and pictures of the Nativity and the Jbptism cf Christ . In the aiftle on the same side are t>v o pictures of the Baptism of Christ, and a Holj Family. On the left are two chapels . The first, dedicated to the "Virgin, contains a statue of the Virgin, and a picture in which she is represented as a nun ; the altar is richly decorated. Between this chapel and that of St. Francis are pictures of the last sapper and the unbelief of St. Thomas. The altar-piece of the latter chapel represents St. Francis at prayer. The other pictures here are : — St. Francis in meditation ; the Adoration of the wise men of the east; a Saint receiving the crown of martyrdorti ; the Assumption ; the Baptism of Christ ; and the Descent from the cross.
At the entrance of the choir on the left is a magnificent statue of St. Francis in a kneeling posture, of Egyptian marhle of great value ; the opposite statue is that of St. Denis. The statues above are Faith and Hope. Here also are two fine pictures, one, St. Louis, when sick, visiting his soldiers afflicted with the plague, by Scheif- ier ; the other, Christ scourged, by Degeorges. The pictures in the choir are a portrait of St. Francis de Sales; the Communion of St. Theresa, the Descent from the cross ', .a Man in the agony of death ; the calling of St. Francis ; the Baptism of Christ, by Guillemot ; the Sa- viour giving the statutes of his order to St. Francis ; Cbrist impressing his wounds on St. Francis , a Vision of St. Theresa; the Agony of Christ in the gardeiij; and a Portrait of St. Vincent de Paule. Above the c\,' tral picture is a fine figure of Christ on the cross. ]
The conventwas suppressed at the revolution, and the church restored to worship in 1802.
ST.-DENIS, Third chapel of ease to St. Merii. JVo. 5o, Rue Su Loms, au Marais. ITiis church, which was built in i6S4» for a commu- nity of tiuns de V AdorationperpdtMieUe du Si. S€u:remeni, was pulled down in 1828, and is now rebuilding.
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1 06 CHURCHES :
STE.-MARGUEiaTE, Parisb-church of the eighth arrondissement. JYo, a8, Rue Su-Bemardy faubourg Sl.^Antoine, This was originallj a chapel, erected in 1625, which became parochial ia 1 7 1 !2, and at that period was almost entirely rebuilt. The population of the neighbourhood augmenting, a chapel contiguous to the choir was erected in 1765, after the designs of Louis. This churdi is i^markably low, and the architecture, both witlun and without, presents nothing worthy of observation. Tlie only chapel in the nave is the OiapeUe des FonUy to the right on entering, which contains a picture of the Mas- sacre of the innocents. The altar is neat. The pulpit presents 4 bas-reliefs of the preaching of Christ, Jolin the Baptist, St. Paul, and St. Peter. In the transept are two chapels. That on the right, dedicated to St. \m- cent de Paule, has 4 pictures, namely, St. Vincent exciting the zeal QiWieDames de la ChariUy by Gallocbe; St. Vincent demanding assistance of the ladies of the coui*t and nuns, in (avoui* of foundlings, by Re&taut; St. Vincent establishing an hospital; and the apotheosis of St. \incent. The chapel on the left is dedicated toSl« Margaret. The altar-piece represents the descent faxn^ the cross, and opposite it is the visitation of theVii^giit; on each side of the altar are pictures, the one representing St. Francis de Sales, when called to Rome, placing the Dames de la Fisitaiionundev tlie care of St. Vincent de Paule ; and the other, St. Vincent sending priests and nuns to dress tlie wounded in a field of battle; a BhH pictui^ in this chapel is St. Margaret driven from tke paternal roof for having embraced Christianity, by WafiT- laixl. The adjoining chapel is that erected in 1766. ft is dedicated to les wines en pur^atoire^ and is 47 feet in length, 5o in breadth, and 35 m height. It is painted in tresco, by Bininetti, representing columns, statues, aiKl bas-reliefs. The vaulted veiling is decorated with cais- sons, and the pavement is divided into 5o tombs. Tlie bas-reliefs represent the death and funeral of Jacob, and above the entrance, Adam and Eve driven from paradise.
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ST.-AMTOIME. ,0«
The sUtues and inscriptioos relate to death and the brevitj of homan Ufe. The altar is in the form of the tombs of the primitive Christians^ and the altar-piece by Briard, represents souls delivered from purgatory| and introdnced into heaven by angels.
The high altar, which is plain, has on each side an angel in adoration. The principal ornament of the church is placed behind the hi^ altar. It is a heautifol Descent from the cross, in white mari>]e, executed for Hie church of St. Landry, after the designs of Girardon byle Lorrainand NouiMsson, hispupibT The Virgin' in sorrow, contemplates the body of Christ, which has just been taken down from the cross. Four angels, in the air, seem togase on the cross, and a fifth is seated at its foot. On the right of this fine production, is an- oCfaer chapel, dedicated to St. Margaret, and on the left, one dedicated to Ste.-C^nevi^ve. The former contains a beautiful statue of St. Margaret in marbk ; and the latter " one of Ste.-€^nevi^e inplaster . In the aisle round the choir are pictures of St. Theodosius ; the entombment of Christ ; said the Crucifixion.
Thtt rector of this church was the first Catholic priest wbomarried at the revolution. It is said that the unfor- tunate Dauphin, son of Louis XVI, who, after the death of bis parents, was placed under the care of a cobbler named Simon, whose ill treatment caused his prema- ture death, was buried in the cemetery of tliis church.
ST.-ANTOiNE, First chapd of ease to Ste.-Marguerite. iVb. 35, Kue de Charenton, This church forms a part of the hSpiial royal de» Qtunxe^yingis, but presents nothing interesting. It was hnilt in 1 70 1, and annexed to the parish of St. Margaret
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ST.-AMBROISE,
Second chapel of ease to Ste.-Marguerite.
Hues Popincourt et Su-Ambroise.
This church was huiU for a community of nuns cafied Annonciades^ who established themselves in an adjaceut convent about the jear idSg. Being i^cularized in 1782, the conventual buildings were c6nvertei*1nto a rope manufactory, but tlie church w*s preserved, ln'i8o!2, it was enlarged and annexed to the pafish tif St. Hairgai' ret. It is small, and in point of archlteWlirel* presents nothing worthy of notice. V **
In front of the organ is a fine picture of St.* Aife^nose. Among the other pictures in the nave may be noticed, the miraculous di^ught of fishes; John the Baptist preaching in the wilderness ; Christ wearing ther^wn of thorns; the crucifixion; Mary Magdalen in m^ftitak- tion ; Christ and the disciples at Emmatts ; fhe Adora* tion of the wise men of the east; and Christ giving the keys to Peter. In the aisle to the riglrt is & fin^'^^itiie of the Annunciation , by Halle . 'lit*
The choir is plain, but remarkably nent.*^" Itro big altar, of white marble, is in the form of a tomb, altar-piece represents St. Ambrose^ reKbning aSi AriHB from the hands of his enemies, by WaflSard. Oi^the svfeft of the high altar are statues of Faith and Hop^,^and two highly ornamented shrines containing r(»tics of St. Am- brose and St. Lucia. The principal pictures in the choir are the Ascension, and Christ bearing Jiis cross. The Chapelle des Fonts, to the right on entering the nave^ contains a fine Christ on the cross in stone, and a figure of John the Baptist, by Guichard. Tlie chapel of VW Virgin, on the right, is spacious and neat, bttt contaiA' no ornament, except a group of the Yirgin and child . JB the Chapelle de la Passion^ on the left of the high altar, are the agony of Christ in the garden, and the Holt Family.
NOTRE>DAME.
Parish church of the ninth arrondissement. See p. 58.
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ST.-LOCJIS, First chapel of ease to Notre-Dame. il^ Su-'Louis. Upon Uie «it« of this church a small chapel was erected in i6q6, which WM enlarged ia i6!2q, and dedicated to Si. Louis and St. Cecilia. In the following year it hecame parcidUial, under the invocation of St. Loois. In 1664, it was TeMlt under the direction of Levau, and suhae- (raently tliprad afier the designs of Leduc and Doucet. 'fbe grand e»tranoe if decorated with 4 Doric columns, SMpportina an entaUatore crowned with a pediment. The steeple, in the form of an obelisk, of open stone work, presents a foitasilieal appearance. The interior scoiptare was executed a&er the designs of J. B. Cham- pa«.
The high aftar is plain; om the sides are statues of St, Peter andSt. Paiol hy Bra. In the sate are pictures of the aikinition of the wise m^it of the east, the oflcring up of IsMC kj Abraham* auad the \ irgin and child to whom \ an angel k offering fruit, the latter by Mignai*d. In a re- ! cess beneath t^e organ-foft is a statue of John the Baptist, and ? pic^re fipmfntinu Ihe riusing of the daughter of
The dttpeli should be viewed in the following ord^r, beginniqi on the right : — 1 1 chapelle des Ames
I dePurgcUcire' Picture of deliverance from purgatory;
I 3» <?hapel of the eommimion. Pictures : Christ break- ing Jbread with 4r disciples at Emmaus, hj Coypel ; the resurrection, hy Perron ^ and the adoration of the w'ise <nen of the east, h^rPen^ii); \ chapelle du Sucre Cceur. lectures : Christ showing his heart and the conversion flf St. Martin ; 4> chapel rt the Virgin. A fine statue of the Virgin in stone, by L^datte 5 5, chapelle 4e la Afa- dekut^. Pictures: John the Baptist, and Christ ap- pearing to Mary Magdalen ; 6, chapel of St. Vincopt de Paide. Picture: St Vincent exhorting the soeurs de la dbant^, by Oaniel Halle ; 7, cbapel of St.-Louis. Pic-
4tue : St. Loni« eomin^ from his bed to receive the com-
nunion. Bietween this chapel and the next, under an
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arch in the aisle, is a picture of St. Louiacomman^jiigthe interment of the slain after the capture of Sidon, br Yauthier ; 8. chapel of St. Fran9oi»-de-Sale8. Picture: St. Francis expounding to nuns ; 9, chapel of the As- sumption. Picture: the assumption, by Lemoin^; 10, chapel of the Holy Gross. Picture : the crucifixion ; 11, chapel of Ste . Genevi^e . A beautiful ttaXv^ cfSte.Gene- vidve, in stone, byLadatte; 11. chapel of S^, l^uis-de- Goniales. Pictures : the above saint layine iM^ his princely honours to embrace the ecclesiastical state ; and St. Louis (king of France) with the emblems of the ]^s- sion of Christ.
The celebrated lyric poet Qitioault was boned in this church, in T 688. ^
^T.-GERTAIS,
Second chapel of^ease to Notre-Dame.
Rue de Moheeau^ near the place de Greue,
This church is believed to have existed in the fith century . It was rebuilt in 121a, and enlarged in 1 SS i . The portico, afi:er designs by Jacques Desbrosses, Yn& be&pin in 1616, and finished in 16^21 ; the first stone bemg laid by Louis XHI. It is considered one of the finest productions of modem architecture in Europe, and consists of thi'ee orders, rising one above the other. The first presents eight fluted Doric columns, of which foai in the centre are surmounted by a triangular pediment A range of the Ionic order are on the same plan as that below ; but in the third range only four Corinthian on lumns appear in the centre, and supports circular pedi ment. This edifice, being situated in a narrow dirt street, its fine architecture cannot be seen to advantai^
The body of the church, in the style improperly cdfe Gothic, is well built; the vaulted roof of the mtenD is lofty and bold, and the groiuings suppoi^ omi ments enriched with sculpture. The choir \ nothing remarkable, except two fine statues palm branches. It possessei^ a goc»d organ, aiMi beautiful specimens of ancient painted glass. THe ^ of the choir was executed by Jean Cousin, anH r^p
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raarlyi^oai of St. Lf«Y*DJEo» the ^ood Samiirilani tic, etc. The pulpit i^ omuiiipnUfd witii has- Faith, Hoiie, and Chari^^ aad fonv iimall the evangelists,
Bt chapei, bfi^inning on the Hglit, is the: ^es AgonisantSj and ccjntein.^ a i\\\r: picture of lion. The ne\t is the chapeile ties Tr^pass^s . Hinted with llie embJejik^ of th^alli, anJ jirf?- cUire of the ^ ii|?iti v^itli the infHiit JesUK,
a cloud and sun'ounded hy niigetH^ ronie lu ik ffoin piu'gatory* Thi; c)iaj>«?i of Si , "Mchobs niXcd with ct star lie of Si. (idtherijie^ se\eu nels on whkh arc painted subjerLs takfu from in uf Chmt, ill id tht^ce spec line lis of jMiinted uelj the Eternal Father in lii.s ^^kirv, St. i\i- id St. Catlimur, and the deswnil oi the Hoiv tlie apostles, hi the *rhapet of tbe Holy Ghost d work is worthy of attention, as are two pic- e one represent iJifT iln- descent of the lioly
the Virgin and the aposUes, and llie other, ose forbidding the eiitj-jiiu i' of the teni|»le to orTheodosius^ polluted with the bUMMl of the t9 of Thessalonica, In ihe Lha[xl of St. iVter are of that *>aJnt and an etcc homo^ the latter t^ tjrie colours of the j-lass in this ehapei are liant. The chapel of St. John the liajilist, a statue of tliat saint, it |jit:lure n'presenlinj^;; btioUf and gUbs on ^\hi(h h [>ainted the Lur- ing fkylomon and Oje qm^en of Slnha. Thr- Sle.-Gene\i^ve has a jiiuce in nieiUe-wuik, in
iT^presenting the ]jah"one<is of l*aris. The ue\t nt^iins a fine group hy trois, represent iini the oni llic cross; opposite to it, is the nionmiu'nt
Le Teiher^ rhan^ellor of Fiance, who died i85. Upon w sareopliajjus uf black marble is a tatueof the chancellor, with a jjeniu sweeping At the eTiti-etnities are statues of Heligion ^h. Thepictui-es here an% Gnd the Father and Jesus at the house of Martha and iVfary »l of the Virjjiu is liglited hy hve windows, hich present suj>erb painted j;lass; it is orna-
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mented with a statue of the Yirgin, a«A a fine jMare of the annunciatioa by LolMloii; the ceiling is embel- lished with a master-piec^ of scidptare ia stone, by Jacquerot, of the sixteenth century; it is a crown u feet in diameter, so light that it seems sn^iended in the air. The chapel of Mcce Ifomo it so called from a beautiful statue of Jesos Christ crowned with thorns, by Cortot; on each side i^ a candelabnim in the antique style. In the aisle between ^his diapel and the next is a line picture by Albert Durer, ^viaed into compartments and presenting scenes from the Sih vioor's passion. The chapel of St. -Denis has a picture of the martyrdom of St. JuUitte and her son St. Cyr, by Heim. In the chapel of dt. Anne is the marriage <^ Cana in Galilee. The chapel of St. Lorenso preseBts a niche composed of an arcade supported by two Go- linthkin columns crowned by a pediment, a work of the i6th centuiy. The last chapel contains the baptis- mal font; above the altar is a model in woo)! of the por- tico of the chm-ch, by Hanci. The glass of this ^p^ represents John the Baptist, St. IVicboks, and t^ ba^ tism of Christ. Against the columns of tliesoremiare two plain chApels, the ohe dedicated to St. Louis, and the other to St. Anthony.
The poet Paul Scarron, husband of mad. de Mt^te- non, Philip de Champagne, and many other distingui^ied men, were buried in this church.
ST.-PAUL AND ST.a.OUlS,
Third chapel of ease to Noti*e-Dame. • "
No. 1 1 8, Rue iSt.-Antoine.
This ehurch was begun in 1627, upon the 4te of a chapel belonging lo an adjoining convent of the JesKlls^ which was founded by the cardinal de Bourbon in 1 5to. It was finished in i64i, andcai'dinal Richelieu per^ formed the first mass, in the pi'etbnce of Louis XHI msd his court. Th^ form of it is a Roman cross> surssooated by a dome. < The magnificent front, elevaled Upon • night of steps, is i44 teet iu elevation, and 7a fee* in
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ST.'PAia ABfD ST. -LOUIS. Ii3
it the Iwse. It b det^oi'ated wtlh two ranj^st haa unci od^ of u^mposite cqUuiids. at opinions ai^ cntertaitted apon the oil'wt of ■tui'e, Sojite think tlion* ij* too |j[ix^at a jn-ofu- rtiaoients, othens maintain tliat from the gran- s settle, 4nd the skill with which th<^ oi^namt^nts ihutiMi, it is one of the most l>eantiful edifice* The architect wan fathi.T Chan's n den ^ a Jesuit, terior IS decorated with Corinthian columns^ lies witii hahistrades extend round the edifice, le is oroamented, he tow the cornict% with l^s- the four tnaiigii'lials ; and fthovr it with figures \ jjaintcd in fix^co* The pulpit is plain j the though ^niiillt ifl neat and ornamented witli
hoir b separated from the nave hy a handfome le of niarhle. Thi^ ^'IT^^ »lUr is plain ; the Je is of hronjEc gilt, and presents a lias^relief of nd thi^ disciple.^ at Emmntiii. On each side rb cantltesticks of l>ronze gilt. ia[K'ls aj-e worthy of attention. The first, be- [JO th^^ right^ is the chapeUe des Fonts ^ which a pktuit^ of the ctiJcilJTtion . The chapel of St. the portrait of that saint for an altar-piece . The ■ the Virgin, in the transt?]it, pos94'Ssea a superb larhle altar in the foi'ni of aw ancient tomb ; it i"nled with coloured marble columns supfJorUng ent surmounted by a cross willi adoring angels, !e richly adorned wilh gildings. Between the is a status !>f the Virgin, and on the sides two 3 ne representkn g a n an ^el dest ro y i ng Td olatr y ^ he ; and the othci-, Kehp[ioii instrncting an lu- ll tis ion to the mission of the Jesitils in Parnguaj) , junior. At this point the transept is adorned pictiir**5 : the one, Moses liftiQ^ up the brazen >T ymitU ; and th« other Louis Xlll pn-sentiug lis tlii^ pliin of the church. The ch^pdle du [;f>ntains a line figure of tlhrist a la colonne^ A apel of the VsT-giu lias a beautiful and <'xpreasivi^ tlie Viri^in Marv The chapel of St John the in ttt^ transept, presents .10 altar similar to
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that of the Virffin opposite; sind statucft^C the Baplitt) I Peter and St. Pau(^ the two^latterhy Bra. > NetaL'iti pictures of Christ's agonjii in the garden^ and the oMm sion of St. Paul. The altar-piece of the)ehapelofil Louis represents that saint at .prayer,* and that of >tj chapelle du Sacrd Cetur the ' adoration of tiie Sacn Heart.
This church, which was formerly fory ridhiamarfaie, hronze, silver, and gold, was.dqH^iv^diioC ^(hiiQitafiit] ornaments during the revolutiDn. in o
"I* • ' ST.-THOMAS-D'AQUIN, • u
Parish-church of the tehth arAfridissemenL Place St.-Thomas-tTj^quin.
This church formerly belonged to a convent of jaco bins, founded by cardinal Richelieu. It was begun ii i683, after the designs of Peter Bullet. The front, n built in 1 7 8^ » by brother Claude, one of the monks, decorated with two ranges of columns of the Doric ai Ionic orders, surmounted by a pediment in which is bas-relief rapi^esentin^ Religion, and is terminated bj cross. This chui'ch is i3a Teet in length. The naw 1 8 feet in length and breadth, and 7 a feet in hetgl The interior is ornamented with Corinthian pila^te which support a cornice enriched with mouldings. T or^an is fine, and the pulpit is ornameoted with h reliefs representing the four evangelists.
This church possesses several beautiful pictures. ' the right on entering are the crucifixion ; the departn of Paul to persecute the Christians ; and the desce from tlie crass, the latter by Guilleminot. To the Id are the return of the prodigal son; the conv^^ign St. Paul ; and St. Thomas calming a tempest by ] prayers, the latter by Sheffer. In the aisles, wh^re th pictures are hung, are two chapels. That on the ri| is dedicated to St Joseph; the altar-piece represents Anne instnicting the Virgin ; the chapel of St. Thorn on the left^ presents that saint in the act of writipg.
In the transept are two chapels, which possess 8pIeD< altai-s. That on the right is dedicated to St. Vino
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de Faille. Hie ahar is of red niBrble, aiid is onuuneoled with Corinthian colamns which suffiort a pediment, the whole enriched with plding. oetween the co- lumns 19 a statue of St. Vincent de Paule taking up foundlings that are seen at his feet. The chapel of Uie Virgin, on the left, has an altar of white marble tet olT with mnaments of bronze gilt. ComjK^ite columns support a pediment painted in imitation of marble with gilt ornaments ; the group here is tha^ of the Virgin and chUd. Over doors, at the entran«^ o(,Vt^. choir, are pictures of St. Louis at prayer, and the maityrdom of St. Theresa. The ceiling of the choir, painted in fresco in 17^4, bTPrangois Lemotne, represents the transfi- guration of Christ. The high altar is of white marble yrith ornaments of gilt bronze ; above it is a glory fi- gured, by the mysterious triangle son-ounded with douda and cherobuoi, from which rays of light issue. At the bottom of the choir is zn altare privilegiaUim dedicated to St. Louis. The altar, of white marble, is enriched with gilt JUurs de lis. The akar-piece, be- tween Gorinthiaii cohmms supporting a pediment, the whole adorned with gildings, represents St. Louis at prayer. This part of the choir contains three pictures, namely 1 the adoration of the wise men of the east ; Ste. Genevii^e nsnouncing the world ; and a saint receiving the <n-own of martyrdom. The conventual buildings now form the mus^ or d^pdl tTartillerie.
ABBAYE-AUX-BOIS, Fivit chap^ of ease to St.-Thomas-d'Aquiii. * JVb, t6, rue de Sitres,
Contigauas to this church was a convent, which was bov^h tttiyighyai community of nuns called Religienses de notre Dame aux Bois. The church was built at l^t period, bat presents nothing remarkable in point of ar- chitecture. To the left oh eiitcring is the chapelle de$ Ponis, wbich contains a pictui^e of the baptism of Ghnst. In the nave are six pictures, viz. St. Mai7 Magdalen, St. Catherine of Sienna, madame de La Valliire, the cmcifoion, St. Mary the Egyptian receiving the sacra- Digitized by Google
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ment, and the woman tsiken in adijta^. 1q ^hc dunr i3 a picture of the adoration of the TVinity . The high altar is ornamented with pictures of tlie amumption ; t dead Christ, by Lebnin ; and the holyfemily. On each side of thft high altar is a chapel. That oh the left, de^ dicated to the Virgin, is very spacious, and oonlaiiis an altar consecrated to the TripassSn ; the aitai^iece of which represents the deliverance from purgatory. The altar of ^e Virgin is ornamented with a fine group of the descer* fr^^ai the cit>ss, surmounted hy a ^ry ; and two pictures, one representing Joseph with the infanl Jesus, and the other, the Virgin treading on the head of the serpent. The chapelledu Sacr^ Ceeur, on tfaeridit, has a ceiling on which is represented the assumption. The altar-piece is Christ showing his heart.
ST.-FKANgOIS-XAVfER,
OR icLlSE DES MISSIONS ETRAITGiRBS,
Second chapel of ease to St.'-Thomas-^'Aquin. JVo, 190, rue de Bac. A missionary seminary was founded at this spot in the 17th centuiy, by Bernai'd-de-Ste.-Th^rese, Bishop of Babylon, who gave the whole of his property to the in- stitution. The chui^h was begun in f68o, after the designs of Dubuisson . It consists of two parts, one being on the ground-floor, and the other immediately above. In the lower part, which is very plain, divine service is performed on Sundays only. The front, ornamented with pilasters, has a noble appearance. The interior architecture is simple. In the nave are two chapels : — that on the right is dedicated to the Virgin. The altar- piece represents the birth of the Virgin ; and on the sides are pichu^s, one rept^esenting the Vii^n just after the annunciation, and the Other, her assmnption. Thie chapel of St. Francois Xavier, on the left, has an allat- piece representing the apotheosis of that saint, and on the sides, pictures of his preaching and his deatli« TJm pulpit is ornamented with emblems of preaching. la the choir are two ]Mctui^s by Bon Boullogne, refiresenlr ing Christ drivmg the money-changers from the Vtm^,
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119 vvaihing th(? feet bf poor men, ^shQ ronpc^ ostk'S. The high altar is of whitcMiiarole, ts three Hne bas-reliefn, r**pix>seoti n|r Faith, G h;i ri t T , h y Be raa rd * The a Ita r-p iece i ei ihe f t!ie wise men of the east, hy CoudeiT. On re stattlfi'S of the \irgin and the an;;?*! Ga- pictiii-*^s of the lit si supjier. and the adoration r ditklren, the latter by Restaut. The i"ertor '<ih is superior of the adjoining seminary fin- iodissionarie^ in the silences and ian|T[isges r conv^rthijj idokters m China and the East.
ST,-VALERE»
chapel of easi" to 8t.-ThomaS'd'Ai|tim, Vom 14a, rur J<f Grenelte *Vf -(lermnin^ aJl neat chuj L-h uhs formeilv tLie ch»{K'l of a fr of n uns, ca 1 1 1 d Filh's P^niten tcs de Si . Fal^re^ lished lhemsf4v«'S at Paris in i^uj^ Tlie in- lonied with i:t>]umns and pilasti'i's, painted to irble. The pulpit is neat^ and there h a a. On the left of the nave are two tl^a pels. lUiiu Socr^Ctetir is tlut when? haptism is ce- Above the altar are two lieart,s, with i^mblems (ion, and on each stdr .m ;iiiir<.4 in ailoration. mpRnimenU are st;iUies ef Jfssrph and the nd two pirtures* one njin-senlini^ a dt^d d the other, Fi'ancn }>L"icinj; herself nnder the
of the Sacred Heart. Abovi^ the font is the ■ Christ, Tlie other chajwl, ilndic;it*fl tn the 18 a group of the ^ irj^iti and Child, lijihti^l e. The choii- contunH ah pliissler statnr!; lltar Is ricblj'' oenannTiii'd wirh fiildin^;^ and ted hj a fignre of Christ tin tlu^ cross.
ST.-PJERllE DLl CHOS^C\1LLOL, L.cliapel of ease to St. Thomas d^Vuniu. o, rue St*-Pommi{}tiei ittt Gtoi-Cuitlf^n. rch| erf*t:ted in iBvej, after the desi^pis t>f M. einarkahlc* for its li^autv and simplicity. The
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portico consists of four Tuscan columns, cro^wned by a pediment. Tlie interior, which is i6o feet in length bj 70 in breadth, is ornamented with la Tuscan columns^ and corresponding pilasters. The roof is finely orna- mented with roses, in compartments. The recess, in which the high altai' stands, is embellished in the same style. The organ is smaU, but of remarkable eleganre. At the entrance are two chapels, one dedicated to the Virgin, and the other to St. Peter. In the former is a statue of the Virgin. The screen of finely wroim^t iron-work should not escape notice. The choir is paved with marble ; the high altar of i^d marble, and the ta> beiiiacle of white marble, are both richly ornamented with gilt bronze.
ST.-SULPICE, Parish-church of the eleventh arrondisscment. Place St.Sulpice, This church was begun in i655 upon the site of »b ancient chapel dedicated to St. Peter, originally depen- dent upon the abbey of St.-Germain-des^Pi-ds, but which became parochial about the year 1211. The first stone was laid by Anne of Austria, mother of Louis XIV, but it was not finished till i^SS. The architect who fiu"- nished the designs was Levau. The magnificent portico was by Servandoni, who completed it in 1 7 45. U is 584 feet in breadth, and is ascended by 16 steps. Two rows of columns of different orders, and two towei^, complete the front. The lower columns are Done, 60 feet in height; the upper columns are Ionic, 38 feet high : the total number of columns is 68 . After the death of Servan- doni , Chal^rin pix)posed to reconstruct the to wer8,but one only is fijiished, the other remaining as Servandoni kft it. This tower is 2 10 feet in height, and is ornamented with columns and balustrades. A large pediment placed by Servandoni between.the towers was desti'oyed by lightning in 1770, and is replaced by a balustrade. On the north tower is the telegraph which 'corresponds wiUi Stratburgh, and on the south, that which corre- sponds with Italy. Three bells, of t!2,5oo, 85oo, and
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1800 lbs. weight, were placed Id the north tower in 1 834. At the foot of the towers are two chapels adorned with nine Corinthian columns ; one destined for a bap- tistery, the other as a sanctuary for the viaticum. The portico on the south, distinguished by two rows of colomns of the Doric and Ionic orders, is ornamented with statues of St. John and St. Joseph ; that of the north presents the composite and Corinthian orders, and has statues of St. Peter and St. Paul.
The total length of the building is 433 feet; the choir is &9 Ceel in length, and the height of the structure is 99 ieet. The arches of the nave and the choir are orna- mented with pilasters of the Corinthian order, and are covered with marble to the height of five feet. Near the great door are basins of Egyptian granite for holy water ; and at the entrance of ^e nave are two shells of the largest tridachna gigas known, resting upon curious rock work in marble, executed by Pigalle. The pulpit will attract the attention oithe visitor, being totally sup- poited hj two flights of steps, and ornamented with full- length gilt figures of Faitii, Hope and Charity. Near the pulpit is a picture by Bazin, representing a prcices- sion in the church of St. Sulpice. The organ gallery is supported by magnificent composite columns. The organ, boih by Clicquot, is one of the most complete in existence, and is highly ornamented with carveu work, presenting no fewer than seventeen figures playing on musical instruments or supporting comucoptse.
On the pavement of the transept is traced a meridian line. The rays of the sun passing by an opening in a tin pkte fixed in the southern window of the transept, Ibrm upon the pavement a luminous globe, about 101/9 inches in diameter, the movement of which is from west to east. It is. noon when this globe is eoually di- vided by the meridian. At the extremity of this line is an obelisk of white marble, upon which it is prolonged. The obelisk is surmounted by a gilt globe, and bears several inscriptions. The entrance to tlie sacristy is ornamented with a picture of the descent from the cross, and statues of St. Peter and St. John.
Tlie choir is sepainit<»d from the nave by a balustrade
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c£ heaiue and marble, with aoperb bronce otet. Iq the windows are some perfect specimens a[ ancient piinted glass, representing scriptural subjects and saints. Round the choir are twelve statues of saints and mr- tjrs. The first stone of tlie hitfh altar; which is a trsAf majestic object, was laid in 1733. It is elerated on six steps, and is in the form of an ancient tomb, of white mai*bJe with ornaments of bronze gilt. In the front is a fine bas-relief in bronse of Christ preaching in the Temple. On the opposite side is a large pne of glass, through which may be seen a great numner of relics. The tabernacle surmounted by a Christ on the cross and two angels in adoration, is entirely of gilt bronae. 12 splendid candlesticks and two superb candelabra on pedestals complete the decoration of the his^ altar. In the choir are two ancels which serve as readui»lesks.
Round the church are 19 spacious chapek, which correspond with the majestic proportions of the <^urch. Many of them possess specimens of painted glass that should not escape notice. They should be view^ in the following order, beginning on tlie right : — i and q contain notbing worthv of remark; 5, the chapel oC St. Roch, is painted in fresco, by Abel Pmol. The sub- jects are St. Roch in an lio^tal at Rome praying for the healing of those infected with the plague ; and tlie same saint immediately af^er his death in the prison of Montpellier, his native town. Above the altar is a procession representing his funeral, and on the ceiling, his apotheosis. The comers of the projecting ceiling are filled up with figui^es emblematical of four cities, which, according to the legend, were dehvered 6rom tlic plague by tlie prayers of St. Roch; ^, chapel of St. Maurice, painted in fresco by Vinchon. Tlie painting? represent St. Maurice and his companions refusimcis sacrifice to false gods ; and the same saints massacmov the Roman army. On the ceiling angels are seen bearing to them the palms of martyrdom. In the comers are the four Theolojpcal virtues, and above the allar is a fine statue of St. Maurice ; 5, the altar of tlie chapel of St. John the baptist is extremely richy and orn^i|\ented with a fine statue of the Baptist. Opposite to it is a
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momuneDt to the memory of Languet de Joiu pastor of the church ; 6, the chapel presents a picture of that saint preacliing, ks ; 7, the chapel of St. Fiacre, cootaios ictnre bj de Juinne, in which St. Fiacre, lUs rV, lung of Scotland, is represented re- )wn offered to him by the Scotch after thr ither ; it has also one of the woman taken
8, the chapel of Sle. Genevieve, contains ar, a statue of that saint and a holy family ; £ St. Michael presents a picture of that sain t ; Satan, by Mignard \ and one of Christ and i woman ; in the front of the altar is a guar- inducting a child, which is a portrait of
Ocr a door; which separates these chapels the Virgin, is a picture I'epresenting Tobias jr the angel Raphael ; 10, the chapel dedi- Virgin is situated immediately behind the s entirely covered with marble. It con- i of tiie Virgin and child in marble by Pi- hefng placed in a recess lighted from above, biking effect ; she stands on a globe, treads neath her feet, and is surmounted by a ahar, of white marble, is ornamented witli liomns of grey marble, with gilt capitals I frieze surmounted by gilt figures ; the dtar presents a bas-relief of the mamage of ililee. ' 'jPhe sides of the chapel are deco^ [Corinthian pilasters, from which are sus- ^oliage, forming fcst6ons,^'ahd the whole i^ by an entablature. Above rises a cupola, 'esco, representing the Assumption. In ctures of^the Annunciation, the Visitation,
and Sl'iheon blessing the infan^ Christ.
^piVateA from that of St. Paul by a door lere is a picture of the baptisn\ 6T the man Y Ptilip; Vi, the chapel of St. Paul con- dture^ : on^' representing the miraculous rs ; an6«lier, St.-Paul laying his hands on ciples as had not received the Holy Ghost; a saint med\tating on death ; 1 a, the chapel II
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of Sainte-Margaerite, has a picture of that saint ; iS, the chapel of St. Charles presents a picture of St. Gharies- Borrom^, diu'ing the plague at Milan, and one of St. Michael, casting Satan from heaven ; 1 4? the chapel of SL Jean contains a picture in which the Evanoelist is repre- sented in the isle of Patmos, and one of St. Francois Xavier at prayer. Over a door, next this chapei, is a pic- ture of the Annunciation, bj Vanloo ; i5, the chapel of the Trinity is beautifully wainscoted, and has a rich marble altar, in the front of which is a fine bas-reUef in bronze giH, representing the descent from the cross ; it also possesses a picture of the baptism of Christ, and one of the last judgment, by Baitb^lemy, in which the three persons of the Trinity appear, separating the wicked from the righteous ; i6, the next chapel, painlipd in fresco by Guillemot, is dedicated to St. Vincent de Paule. The subjects are that saint addressing the Detmes de ChaHtS on the behalf of foundlings ; and his attendance upon Louis XIII in his last momentB. The ceiling presents the apotheosis of St. Vincent de Paule; 17, undergoing repair; 18, chapel of St. Per- petuus. It contains pictures of St. Perpetuus implored by her father ; St. Vincent de Paule surrounded by Saurs de la CharitS ; the agony in the garden, and the death of the Virgin, the latter by Bardon ; 19, nothing worthy of notice.
The vaults of St. Sulpice are remarkable for th«r • extent.
ST.-GERMAIN-DES-PRES, First chapel of ease to St. -Sulpice, Place S U-Germain-des^Pvcs, Bolbre the revolution, this church belonged to OQf» . of the most ancient and celebrated Benedictine ahbevs in France. Its founder, Childebert, son of Cloris, erected it about the ycar55o, on the site of an ancietil' Roman temple. It was first dedicated to th^ Holy Gross ; avd St. Vincent, but St. Germain, bishop of Paris, bein||j interred in one of its chapels, became its patron saints This church originally resembled a citadel , being flanWi "
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era, and sorroiuuled by a moat. It was I'ebuijt bot Morard, in ioo4? but the works were not I till 1 1 63. The only pail that remains of tin- ^cted by Childebert, is the steeple at the end of h. This edifice is in the form of a cross ; and t in length, 66 in breadth, and 6o in height, erior, the sculpture of the capitsds bears marks tiquity . They are all different, some appearing le Egyptian and others in the Greek style ; but er part are Gothic. These have undergone it the forms of tlie ancient sculpture have been ihered t9.
church were buried several kings of the first many princes and illustrious men, among whom ?rai of the Scotch family of Douglas, and Casi^ ? of Poland. The principal altars were destroyed solution.
nave is only one chapel, which is used for bap- l contains a curious font of marble and bronzt:. ares in the aisles are: — Simeon blessing Christy reproving Herod for adulteir ; the raising of
by Verdier; the death of Sapphira, by Le- e entry of Christ into Jerusalem; the baptism leen of Ethiopia's eunuch, by Beilin ; and tla- om of St. Vincent.
>anding-board of the pulpit is of plaster, and 3 a canopy supported by two angels. The excellent but plain.
transept are two chapels. That on the right, [ to St. Bfarpret, is ornamented with a spXen- :>f marble with Corinthian columns and a denii- The fine statue of St. Margaret is by Bourlet tains a magnificent monument to the memory the De CasteUan family. On the left is the 5t. Sebastian . The akar resembles that of tht* St. Margaret, and presents a good statue of Ln ; opp«nte " a picture of Peter's deliverance* ^ ' In. this chapel is the monument of Casi- ■poland ; that monarch is representedkneelinj; and offering up his crown and sceptre ; in if the tomb is a remarkably tine bas-relief .
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. The choir is separated from the aave b^ a bandsoiue marble balustrade, with bronze gates of beautiftd work> mansbip . The bigli alta r is mean . In the choir is a due picture of St . Gei*main dist libuting Ids goods to the poor, by Steuben.
The first chapel on the right, dedicated to St. Ger-« main, contains a picture of the descent from Iht cross, and a handsome monument, in memoiy oC one of the Douglas family. The chapel of St. Fran9Dis de Sales has a portrait of that saint, a picture of the adoration of the Sacred Heart, and mural monuments, to the memory of Mabillon, Descartes, and Bernardin de St. Pierre. The chapel of Ste. Mad^eine presents pictures of Christ appearing to Mary Majpdalen, and the holy Family. The chapel of Ste. Genevieve contains a statue of tliat saint and one of Ste. Theodosia. Hie chapel of the Vir- gin has an altar of white marble, and a group of the Virgin and Infant Jesus. The chtipeile du ddsHUre is ornamented d Fantiquey and contains a figure of Christ on the cross, with two angels in adoration. The next chapel contains several statues, but no altar. The chapel of St. Peter presents pictures of Peter's de- liverance from prison^ Christ*s agony in tlie garden, and the Holy Family. The chapel tx St. Michaei contains pictures of St. Michael warring with the Dertl, and St. Louis at pi*ayer, and a monument to the memory of adother of tlie Douglas family. Over a door beyond this chapel, is a fine picture of Christ's agony ia the garden.
8T.-SEYERIN, Second chapel of ease to St.-Sulpice. Jfo . 3, rue Su-^'ep^n. ' Firom an early period of the French monarchy tfaete existed on this spot an oratory and cells,, where St. S^ verin, a hermit, conferred the awnastic habit upo& St. Ckmd. He died in 53o. In the ninth oentiiry« the Normans destroyed the monastery. The churcli be- came parochial about the middle of the eleventh cen- tury. The present ediiioe was builtiiM^io. ^nlairged
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ind repaired in 1684. The architecture of Uijg I Gothic, and softne parts of it are jusUj ad- [t coatainlB a considenible qaantity of beautiful aSnted ^ss. The pulpit is remarkably Beat, iqpinis richly ^MnaiiKiited with carved bgui-e^, of God, etc.
"ches of the choir, rouad the hi^ altar, are ar- th marble and decorated with gilt foliagr iu The high altar, of maihle, it elevated upua rble steps ; behind it rises a demi-cupola eu- ithorDamentsofbromsegilt, and supported bj mposite columns, thewnole of marble, with 1 capitals of bronze gilt. Beneath the di^mi* ( a rdiquary containing the relics of St. S^vf ri u - tioir is a brass eagle, which serves as a reading-
lapels of this church were destroyied at the 1^ , when it was converted into a magazine, and ' them have not since been restored. The fol- Lfesach as are worthy of notice, beginning on the The chapdle dts FtmU contains pictures of l\\^ of Christ, and the cmciQxion ; the chapi-l of » the apotheons of that saint; chapel of Ste. Git-
porlrait oC Sie. Genevieve, and the crucifix lou % if St. John the Evangelist, portrait of that snint, assumption ; chapelle of St. Augustine, portrait aint; chapel of St. S^verin, portrait of St. S^ lie hermit; the chapel of the Virgin, whirh '%% icioas, contains a nne altar and a statue of tbe
chapel of St. Charles, St. Charles Borromeo at ^nd a dead Christ ; tlie chapel of St. Peter po»- o Ane pictures, the death of Sapphira, by Tic ot^ FV^tei' healing the lame man, by Pallier ; iti X\\q el is a beautiful picture of the Virgin and duki
ST.-ETIENNH^-mj-MONT, jh-cliui'ch of the twelfth arrondissement.
Hue dc la MontagneSUi, 'Genevieve, harch was originally a chapel for the use* ot s of the royal abbey of Ste.-Geneviive, to w»r
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it was contiguous. To preserve it from the jurisdiction of the bishop of Paris, which did not extend over ^is abbey, the church of St. Etienne had no outer door, but a passage led to it from tlie church of Ste.-G«nevi^ * The church of St. Etienne, built in i lai, was succes- sively repaired and enlai*ged, in iiqi,i538y and 1618. The porch was erected in 1610, at the expense of queen Margaret, consort of Henry IV, who laid tlie first stone. It consists of foiu* composite columns ornamented with bands and sculptm^, which support a pediment. The profusion and poverty of the ornaments that cover the front are in very bad taste. The architecture of the in- terior of this edifice is remarkable for its boldness and singularity. It presents a mixture of the Greek style and that of the revival of the arts. Semiciixular arches, which spring at one third of the height of the niUars that sustain the vaulted roof, form a gallery skirtea with stone balustrades, in which only one person can pass. The screen, sculptured with much taste, is not suffi- ciently elevated ; and contrary to the ordinary architec- ture of the sixteenth century, it is borne by a low arch. The open-work spiral staircases, at the two extremities of tlie screen, and which rise about 3o feet above its level, are a master-piece of workmanship. They lead to the gallery before mentioned ; and what renders their appearance surprising is, tliat the whole being open, ' the steps seem as if suspended in the air in a kind of basket-work, and tlie wall which forms their head is only supported by a slender column six inches in dia- ineter. The doors on each side, leading to the aisles roimd the choir, are sculptured to correspofid with the screen; they are surmounted by pediments crowned wijth vases and full-sized figures, the whole in stone. Above the screen are plaster statues of the Savioar and two angels. The key-stone of the vault 4>f the transept is a curious object; it projects more than is feet, is highly sculptured, and unites the lihs of the ceiling.
The ancient painted glass of this church is more
* The old ihnrcli.
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nty rich, and perfect than in any' other sati-ed in Paris. The pulpit, executed after the des i^m lire, is a chef-d'oeuvre of canned work. A co- aitoe of Samson with the jaw-bone of the ass jn d, and the lion beneath him, supports the etior- lass of which it is composed. The body of the i covered with excellent bas-reliefs, and ronrul ii ires representing several virtues. The edge of iding-board is ornamented with figures of mi- i the summit is crowned by an angel with ;i
to call the faithful together. The organ h i^c- \y splendid; it is of immense dimensions, imd ed with a prof usion of bas-reliefs, full length fi- nd other oi*naments, in carved work. Two pic- )n the sides of the principal entrance, below ilif^ allery, are worthy of attention ; that on the rij^ht nts the healing of a child at the tomb gf Ste . G e- ; and that on the left, St. John taken out of tlio
cauldron without having suffered harm ; iwuv nerare humble mural monuments of Racine and
columns of the choir are painted in imitation ol , The high altar, elevated upon five black ma ib I<! is, as well as the tabernacle, formed of costly of different colours enriched with ornaments of g;ilt, and crowned with superb candlestickji, ^ind of bronze gilt. In the arch above is a relif ju-irj brm of a Gothic church, richly gilt, contuininj; »lics of Ste. Genevieve. In the aisle round the ^ several fine pictures placed in thefdllovinj; beginning on the, right: — ^The stoning of St. , hj Lebrun; Anne of Austria, consort of m., accompanied by the ;i#r/emeii^ imploring; eviive for the recovery of that monarch ; St. Siv- aching, by AbelPujol ; the crucifixion, in which 'ing anachronism, Louis XUI. and his minister ire represented with the Virgin and Joseph al tJic s cross; a picture by Largilliere, presented by thr risto the ancient chui^ch of Ste. Genevieve, ii]ifiii ition of a famine which desolated the ca]iit;d rears. The saint is represented in glory ; bclo\v
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are ^eprMt des marekunds^, and flw city ofllefen in fiill ccMtome, followed by a great number of apecftaton, among whom are Largilli^re himself and the poet Saft- teuil; Attila falling at the feet of Ste. GeneiitKe, wiM had miracalomly dispersed his troops, upon their mm. sion of Paris ; atxd Ste. Generi^e' praying for the oesaa- tion of a storm daring harvest, by Grenier.
The lateral chapels of this church are worthy of attec*- tion . The following is their order, beginning on the rij^t of the principal entrance :-^t , ekapelle des FonU . Re- tnres: the adoration by the wise men of the east, alid St. Ge- neriivewith thelnluit Jesus. Statues : Hopeand Charity. — 3, chapelledeiaSainleFamilie, Pictures : Louis XIV, and Ste. Genevi^ ; and the Holy Family ; 3, ehapeUedes Tripass^^ which is ornamented with emblems of deaths contains a picture of the deliverance from purgatory, and one of the death of the Virgin ; 4* chapeUe du CslpcRre. Picture of the crucifixion, and a bas-relief of Christ taken down from the cross ; 5, chappie du SauU M- pidcre. It contains a group in sculpture of eight foil- length figures representmg the entombment of Christ. 6, ckapeiie du Sacri Cceur. Picture: adoration tl the Sacred Heart ; 7, chapel of St.-Charles. Picture of St. Charles Borromeo at Milan, and portrait of St. Piml • 8, chapel of St. Bernard. Two portraits of that saint, the one at prayer, and the other writing ; o, diapel of St.-Geneviife. Here is the ancient tomb of Ste. Gene* vi^e, removed from the vault of the old adjacent charch dedicated to her, at the time of its demolition. The altar, of beautiftd white marble, is surmounted by at richly ornamented niche, in which is a statue of Ste. Ge- uevi^. In this chapel are a number of ex veto pic* tnres, which are curious, as they represent even^ io which Ste. Genevi^e's intercession is supposed to ha«e had inBuence ; 10, This chapel contains nothing but a picture of Ste .-Genevieve ; 1 1 , the chapel of the Virgin, is beautifully decorated with Corinthian pilasters sap- poi*ting_ an entablature enriched with gilding. The cupola is handsomely sculptured, and the painted glass is worthy of notice; one window, of modern glass, re- presents the marriage of Joseph and tlie Virgin. The
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loMrer pan oC ihi9 cbapel it £M)ed wiik muhkB. Hie aJtar i« of white marble^ superblj deoonled with or* luuBentt of gilt bronze $ above it riaet a niche, in which is a statue of the Virgin, smrnonnled by a pe- diaaent resting on two Corinthian oolomna enridied with gilding ; i a, chapel of St. Vincent de Panle. Por- trait of that saint, and picture of the marriafle of the Viigia ; 1 5, chapel of St. Francoia Xavier. Two por* traits c^ that saint ; i4> chapel of St. Angwtins* Por- traits of that saint, and Ste. Theresa ; i5, chapel of Si. Nicholas. Portrait of St. Bbutholoinew, and pie- tare cl the crucifixion, in which St. Nidioks and St. Louis appear at the foot of the cross ; 16, Chapel of St. Loois. StiHie of that saint $ 17, chapel of the gaardian snoel. Pictures s the guardian angel con-^ tfCEting a cfaUd, and the adoration of the wise men of the East •, 18, chapel of St. John the Evangelist. Pic- ture, St. John in the isle of Patnios.
The Tisitor should not quit this church without ap- plying to the sacrisiain to see the charmers, now used as a room for catechists, which contain sosne splendid specuneos of ancient painted glass, and several good paintingi.
In this d:kiirch were interred the learned Toui-ne* forty Lesoeor, the celdirated painter P. Pei^rauh, bro- ther to the Sfchitect, the eloquent Leinaitre, and the abb6 de Sacy.
T^ chprch, an old tower, towanb the i«e de CI0VIS, and the buildings oocc^ied hj. the col)^ d 'Henri IV, are all that remain of the once splendid and. renowned abbey of Ste. Genevieve*
OT^WCOLAS-DU^^MARBONNET, / First chapel of ease to St.-^feienae-da-Mont. iVo. io4, rue Su-f^ietor. Upon the site of this churdi stood a chapel, wliich became parochial in laSo : its reconstruction was com- menced ia i656, and finished in 1709, except the per- tico, which is not yet begun. Few diurches in Paris are more worthy of a visit. The interior is decorated
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with composite pilasters, the capitals of which tre of a singular form, and the bases are cohered witJi marhle. The organ is magnificently ornamented with cariatides, vases of flowers, and eight figures playing on musical in- struments, in cai-ved work. The pulpit is ornamented with the mitre and other episcopal end)lems. Some fine specimens of ancient painted glass may beobfien-edhere, particularly the anicifixion, in an upper window behind the high altar. Over the churchwarden's pew is a good picture of the crucifixion. To the right, on entering the nave, are two pictures, one by Destouches, repre- senting Christ's agony in the garden, and the other, Christ crucified between two thieves. The first chapel on the same side is the ckapelle des Fonts, which con- tains the baptism of Christ, and the halt of the holj /a- mily in Egypt. The chapel of St. Joseph presents the angel appearing to Joseph in a dream, and me marria^ of the Virgin. In the ckapelle du Calvair^y are ChnA crucified, and St. Louis in the act of devotion. The next chapel left, as an entrance to the vestry, is de- corated with two cuiious bas-reliefs, and two pictures, the one repi^esenting the martyrdom of St. Julitle and her son St. Cyr, and the last communion of St. Fran9ois de Sales. To the left, on entering the nave, is a picture of Christ bearing the mock scep- tre. The first chapel, dedicated to St. Catherine, contains pictures of dt. Catherine receiving the crown of martyrdom, and St. Nicholas. In the chapelte des Tr^passds are a curious basH^lief of Death going forth in his chaiiot, and a picture of the deliverance ci souls from purgatory. The chapel of St. Vino^t de Paule has a statue of that saint.
In the transept on the right, is the ckapelle delaConh munion : the altar-piece represents Christ and the dis- ciples at Emmaus, by Saurin ^ on the sides are the miracle of the manna, and the sacrifice of Melchizedeck, by Charles Coypei. Over a door, opposite this chapel, is a fine picture of Christ raising the daughter of Jairos, by Vimaud. • >
The screen is formed of marble, with an iron-railing, gates painted blue, and ornamented with gilding. The
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I » marble^ and the Mepc of the hiflh altar arc in lie woriK ; the high alUr is of marble, and haei on > an angel in the act of adoration: above it kfi [lat has a fine effect. The balustrade in marble, •parates the high altar from the aisle, is of ex-^ rurioos workmanship. In the choir are pic- it. Nicholas, and the I>aptism of Christ, apels round the choir are eleven in nnnibcr. on the nght dedicated to St. Victor, containji of the martyrdom of St. Victor. In the chapel ncois de Sales, is a fine monument to the me* [erome JBignon, by Anguier and Girardon ; it f a bust of &e deceased, with full length figiu^s i and Beneficence ; it also contains a statue of ;oi8, and a fine portrait of him. The chapeih
Cceur possesses a picture of the crucifixion, apel of St. Theresa is a vision of that saint, and picture representing the good Samaritan. The x Ste. Genevieve has a picture of that saint, aiid
bishop directing the attention of a penitent to t of Christ. The chapel of the Vii'gin is oma- rith a fine group of the Virgin and Child, by fii u ; pes are the descent from the cross, and the an- m. In the chapel of St. Clair is a picture of t restoring sight to the Uind. The chapi^'l of ;s is richly ornamented; the ceiling was pain led n : it contains two monuments, one of Lebnin, other, of the mother of that celebrated artist ; ;r is in the form of a pyramid, and pi^esent^^ a L»f^v\my by Coysevox ; at the Jjase are twsi figures. The latter was executed by Gaspanl
after designs by Lebrun ; the deceased is ro- issaing from her tomb at the sound of the la^t the angel which sounds the trumpet is par- idmired. This chapel also contains a pictiine rles administering the sacrament to the sick of f at Milan, by Lebrun. The chapelle du SL itains pictures representing tlie annuncialitm, ascent of the Holy Ghost on the Virgin. In I of St. Bernard is a statue <rf that saint, Jin^l a 1 v^liich he is seen oiiciating at the aljar. Tlu-
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last chapel, dedkated to St. Peter^ eontaiiis a tmieas baa-relief, and a pictarc of tlie healing of the sick at €Im* gate of the Temple.
The remains of Santeuil, the celebrated Latin pixft, have been placed in this chnroh, with his epitaph, Inr HoUin. _____
ST.-JAGQUES^U-HAUT-PAS, 5>econd chapel of ease to St.-J^tienne-du-Mont. JVo. aSa, rue St,- Jacques, Upon the site of this church a chapeU dependent on the hQS|)ital du Uaut PaSy existed in the .1 4th cen- tury. Another chapel was added to the former in i584 ; and in 1600 both were demolished, and the pre- sent structure oommenoed; the iirst stone being kiu by Gaston of Orleans, only brother of Louis XQIt When the choir was built the works were suspended, but wece resumed in 1675, by the munificence of Anne-de-Bour- bon, Duchess of Longueville, and terminated in i68{. The portico is ornamented with four columns of the Doric order, which sappoil an entablature and a pedi- ment, above which nscs an attic, after designs by Git- tard: the arahitectnre of the intenor is pl^iin ; the pillars of the pave are wainscoted) and have a good effect : those of the choir are painted in imitation of marble. It possesses a fine organ, and the pulpit is richly carved. On the right of the nave there ai^ three chapels, but none on the left. The chapelle des Fonts contains a picture of the baptism of Christ. The second chapel, used as a school-room, has several good portraits ot ec- clesiastics . The chapelie de la Saint FamUle has several fine pictures; namely, the Holy Family; the marriage of Cana, in Galilee ; the nativity ; the descent from t& ci*oss; Chiist drivip^ the moneychangers from tfce Temple ; and a portrait of St. Vincent de Paule. In ihe aisles are la small pictures, which present scenes from the passion of Christ; a<id a large one of the annun-^ ciatioa. At the entpMSoe of tlie choir are statues of St. James and St. Philip. A chapel in the transept, on the right, dedicated to St. James, contains a fine picture of
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the ffltowhnwit ef Cftrwl, fay Degeom; tw» nuiile itatqes of women in conlenpUUoa, «ad a superb fignM of Christ oa the cross.
The chapels round the dioir or ten in muiber, some oC whick have not been restored or dedicated since the i-erolutioB. The chapel of John the Baptist, the first on the ri^t, contains a picture oi the baptist, and one of the annuBcifttiott. The ckap^lk du Smsrd Cumr pre- sents a pictoi-e of angels adoring the hesrt of Christ. The next tvro chapels contain nothing worthy of notice. The ehapel of the Virgin is spacious, and possesses a statne cSthe Virgin, and relies of St. Jiames and St. Philip. The nenthas a good picture of Christ pi*eaching, and a portrait dt St. Chiu*les Borroraeo. In the following it a fine picture of the crucifixion, and one of the pre- sentation oi Jesus in the Temple. The chapel of St. Peter pi'esents a portrait of that saint, and a picture of the martyrs to the Faith. The chapel of St. Fiacra has the apotheosis of that saint, and that of Ste. Genevidve.
Cassioi, the celebrated astronomer, was buried hei«, as also the kamed La Hire, and the virtuous Cochin, rector of the parish, who sold his furniture and even his library, to iStwud an hospital.
ST.-MEDARD, Thii^ chapel of ease to St.-ttienne-du-Mont. lYo, i6i, rue Mouffetard. Aa early as the twelfth centuiy, this was the parish cbHTcii of the village of St. M^rd, in which it was si- tuated. It was repaired and enlarged in i56i, i586, and r655, and although irreeular, is remarkable for its Gothic architecture. In 1784 ^ interior was embel> iished and ^t^ hig^ altar erected after the desi^ of PeCif'Radel, who also rebuilt the chapel of the Vir^n. This church contains a fine organ, and some beautiful painted glff**^ 1^ pulpit is oi^namented with ba»-re- ^^ Qgii* of -vrbich represents Christ preaching on the Mount. Of liuiee chapels on the tii^X of the nave, one odIy dedicated to Notre Dame des Douleurs is oma- meoted v^ith pictures ; they relate to the passion. Two
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1 34 CHURCHES :
chapels on the left, viz., the chapeUe dta Fonts, and the chapel of St. John the Baptist, have pictures of the baptism of Christ. The next, dedicated to St. Denis, has an ancient statue of that saint.
The high altar is of white marble, with rich orna- ments of gilt bronze ; at the sides are angels in ado- ration, and behind it is a line figure of Christ on the cross. The chapels round the choir are worthy atten* tion : the first, beginning on the right, is dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, and contains a picture of that saint. The ehapelle du SacH Cceur has pictures of Christ showing his heart; the Virgin ; St. Francois de Sales ; St. Louis in the act of devotion ; and a descent from the cross. The ehapelle de PArmonciation has a very remarkable picture of the annunciation, in which are seen the prophets who foretold the coming of Christ. The ehapelle de la TrinilS presents a picture of the three Divine Persons, with their attributes. The chapel of the Virgin is decorated with four large arches, that support a cuinous roof; the altar is orna- mented with two Tuscan columns supporting a pedi- ment, in which are the initials of the Virgin ; a statue of the Virgin and Child is placed upon a cloud behind the altar, and being hghted from above, has a fine ef- fect : it contains a statue of St. Joseph, and a fine pic- ture of the marriage of the Virgin, by Caminade. The chapel of Ste. Genevieve has a picture of that saint. In the chapel of Stc. Anne that saint is seen instructing the Virgin. The chapel of St. Ambrose has a portrait of him. The last chapel round the choir is dedicated to St. Vincent de Paule, and contains two scenes from his life.
The celebrated advocate Patru, called the Frehek QtdntUiany Nicole the moralist, and the once famous . deacon Paris, were interred here. The miracles said to be performed at the tomb of the latter, in the reign oS Louis XV, gave rise to the sect of the Convulsionists^ whose fanaticism was carried to such a pitch that the government was under the necessity of intei^fering.
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STE.-ClBl£VlkvE. 1 35
ST.-GENEVlfevf:, OR PAI^THEON, ^laee de Ste.' Genet' i^i^e ^ruc ^S't.- Jacques], , the first christian king, at I he solicitation of the queen, andStr -Geiievieve, founded near hi^ ipon the Mens Leucotilius. a dittrch which was ted by St. Remigius, arul d indicated to the Peter and Paul. To the rhiirrh .1 community r canons was aftenvai-ds attached, and in pro- me their house became a celebrated abbey. Ste. ,'e djing on the 5d ot Januai'V, 499t was buiied in this church, ^^hich was thenceforward d to her, and she became the patron saint of
;hurchofSte. GcneuevciiaN iJii; f;i[Leii intoruinst .V determined to cicct our iiriu- it upon ^ hv^* gniflcent scale. Ut'sign^ jjn^sented by Sonliot iopted, and, on thi.! (itli of September 176^1 g laid the first stoni\
portico is compust^tl of 'n fluteil Coiinthiau s, 60 feet in height^ andsi^ JtidiametiT, whicli i a triangular pediment ; one hundrtid and twenty breadth, by twenty-fonr in heiglit. Iri the |m*- is abas-relief in kui taste, representing a crosti nidst of clouds. Upon the pUntli is the following
. SUB ISYOC. S. CBNCTIF r.. r.tU. Xf QIC4V]Tf Lill. X^LIL RE&1I11 IT."
dome which crowns lliii^ hnildinij is :i noble It is surrounded Ijv thirty -two f ^oriiitloan co- and presents the appiMi-uicT of a cirLnilar ten^^len, 'hich rises a cupol.^ surmounted hy a lantern, ninated by a batt aiul ltors of bronze ^plt, Iw^au- rroaght. The l>aU is livp fc^'t in diTuuifert-nce, :ross fourteen feet nml a half in hci|^ht. Round in omaraentel railing; of the ^iaine nietaL The ght of the dome ia two Uundtt?d and eig[hlv-
>laii of this church ronsUts of a Greek cross, indred and forty tVet loii|;, inclndinfr the por- d two hundred and iifly hroad; in the centra
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i36 churches:
rises a dome sixty-^wo feet in diameter, originally sojy- ported in the interior by la pillars, so light tliat their bulk was scarcely perceptible among the coltmna which sustain the four naves. The same ughtness ' DreraiU in. the vaults of the building, where dormer windows were contrived, which gave them the appearance of the Gothic style, and ^hed a favourable light upon the delicate scuJp. tui'e which' abounds in the edlRce. The height of the principal vault from the beautiful marble pavement, is one hundred and seventy feet. Each branch of the cross form^ itself a Greek cross, and the union of these foui' crosses form the^hase of ^e dome. The interior is adorned witli one hundred and thirty flttted columns of the Corinthian order, supporting an entabhtore of which thef riezcf is ornamented in foliage . Above, are gaJ- leries skirted with balustrades. The spherical vaults of theteniple are adorned with bas-reliefs.
When the church was nearly finished, several frac- tures appeau'ed in the pillars which supported the dome, and this edifice, which had cost fineen millions ci francs, was threatened with destruction. 'It then be- * came necessary to replace ttie twelve light and craoeful columns by solid masses ornamented with pilasters. The dortner window^ wefc also walled up, in order to increase the solidity df the building.
Under the pavement is a vast sepulchral irault. Two doors, situated at tSie entrance of the chancel, atid a double flight of stieps lead to a chapel, which occupies the entire space under tlie eastern nave : 20 columns of the Tuscan order, 18 feet high, suppoit the elliptical utRilt. A sombre light penetrates among the pillars through loop-holes. At the boltom is a door leading to tbe vaults. Under the dome are two galleries, one ^^in the other, in the manner of a labyrinth. In the centre is a circular area twelve feet in diameter, in which tomhs ^ are placed. In this spot an echo repeats distinctly i^hat- ever is whispered, and a slight blow produces k report like that of a cannon. Three galleries extend beneath the other naves ; and six 'vavlts, a spacious rbom, and a gallery, occupy the space beneath the gsMerj fllah*8, the portico, the steps, and the hrteral doors. Each vavilt is
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V STE.-6BNE?I£VB. |3n
f Ml irom gate, 0¥er whidi u Uk^ ^ju tour Gv^is^ MB of Jetiu Christ, «Bd the fir^t aud IjsI lettc^t^ reek alphabet, A and O.
i iwolutioo^the destiDation of thi^ graml edlfkr nged. In 179I9 the IVatioiial Ajsriny> drcny^d beuld be coBWcraled as a pbcc of bin i;iE for tbr Pirhohad shed lustre upon their co^mtrj Uy tlieii virtues, cmt achietements. M. A Qu^tiTni^ci* -^d to coBveit it into a French Punlln lui. Tbi^ of a Chri^an temple gmre place to ot Iici-k moro ate to Its new destination. It uiideiwpnt »t'' sndions both within and withou t 1 1 1 1 L i<? f rii'xe MMtico was placed this inscription, in bronze^ sd hy the Maropus de Pasloret ;— ^^^r grands ' la patHe reeonmmitsmnie. Bj tUe j«iimf: tie- rabeao, then lately dead, was din Ln rd waitbv looour, and tiie National Asseaiblv iitieiKli^i his es. The same year the naiains of ^ < ^Itatrf and m were transported with great potup to Ihe Piin- Pelletier and Maratalso receiTC'd the liououi^ of itbeon in 1795. in 1806, Bonaip^rU' ordnint^d >PantheonsiM>ukl be completed, ;ind restored to rorskip, under the invocation of t^te. Gf ntni^ve ^ ras not intended to change the dt^sii nation givf?n ' the National Assembly. Amon;| lUv ]H.'i>i>ni^ id in this church, the principal, (rt^sub^^ ibose nentioned, are the mathematician L.i^jiatii^e, tbi- admiral de Winter^ the celebr^iied uavigaiot MttUe, Marshal Lannes (Dukede Montcbello), iind imiral,Thevenard . The remains of ^ oti flloi , t] it- t of the chnrch, were removed beii; in 1819, e old chnrch of Ste. Genevieve, "llie tombs oi
atad Roussesuhave been renioud rroiu their si&uatioa since tlie restoration, .«rjd jilacc^d in ire vault.
ti, Louis XVIU issned an ordonnantr for Ihe, f Ste. Genevieve to be restoix^ to divine woi L it was consecrated on the 5d of JaiLuary, rS-ri, Archbishop of Paris. It is ti* itbf^i ;i |iaiij^h aor a chapel of ease, but is sujipbed by mi»»ioii-
The bas-reliefs and ovnamenis rf!i>ics(?iit.iii|;
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1 38 cHumcBEs: *
modem philo90|Ay, With wMdithe church was embel- Ughed what it was converted into a Puitheon, «re de- stroyed, and replaced by emblems of religion and roy- alty. In the transept two chapels hare been estaUisihcd. That on the right dedicated to the Virgin, contains her statue, and a picture of the assumption, by Fragonard. The chapel of St. Lonis, on Uie left, has a statae of Louis, and a picture of the crucifixion. At the entrance of the choir is the chapel of Ste. Genevidve, ornamented with her statue ; the rich tabemade of the altar is surmounted by a shrine, containing relics of Ste. Genevieve. Opposite this chapel is a plain neat pulpit ; near the pulpit is displayed a small carpet, made by the unfortunate queen Marie Antoinette, and presented to the church by the Dauj^iness, in iSa^r Facin|[ the carpet is a good picture of Sle. Genevi^e. I%e raiiinar whidi separates the choir from the nave, of polishes iron and bronze, is extremely beautifol. The high ahar, elevated upon five steps, is of white marible, with medal- lions in mosaic work, representing Faith, Hope, and Charity. On each side are two splendid candoabn of bronze gilt. The painting of the dome is by Gros, who received 100,000 fr. for its execution, and was created a baron upon a visit made to ibe church by Charles X . It is a magnificent composition, extending over a soperfi* cies of 5^56 square feet. Unon the lower part are four groups, united together by ngures of angels and other emblems, each of which represents a monarch of ' France, who by the lustre of his reign or the infineiftoe of his age formed an epoch in the history of the oonntiT^. l^he first is Ciovis, who, at the voice of his queen, Glo<- tilda, embraces Christianitv. The next is Charlemagne with his queen : both in the attitude of devotion, %nd the king holds in his hand a fi^obe, the symbol of cm* pi re. The third croup is St. Louis, who shows to Iris •consort the fruit of his labours in the cause of region ; anseb bear before him the standards of his two era- saaes, and on his left is a crown of thorns upon a cushion. The fourth represents Louis XVIII, accom- panied by the duchess ot Angoultoie, protecting witH his sceptre the infant duke of Bordeaux; two angels
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GIIAPELLE-EIUPUTOIHI!. 1 39
hold open near him the tahle« of the charter, and throw aiar the fuDereal crape with which the cradle of the youx^ doke was surrounded. All these au^t per- sonages appear to render homage to Ste.-Genevi^ve, who is descending towards them upon a doud. In the heavenly regions are seen Louis XTI, Marie Antoinette, his queen,' Louis XYU, and madame Elizabeth. A gleam of light at the loftiest point indicates the abode of the . Deity.
The chief festivals celebrated in this chuteh are: — Jan. 5d (Ste. Genevi^e's Day); Nov. 26th (parochial fMe); Easter; Whitsunday; and the f4let4)ieu. Upon some of these occasions the archbishop of Paris offi- ciates.
To visit the vaults and ascend the dtae application must, he made to the concierge in the small wooden lodge at the comer ci thesteps. They are open to the paib)ic from ten o'clock in the meming tHl sni in the
., chapeix^expiatoire;
Rate ttjinfcu StirMwtor6. The spot upon which this cAapel is enected Was ori- ginaJlj a bunal ground dependent upon the parochial church de la Madelaine. Upon the execution of the unfortunate Louis X"VI and his queen, in i793, they were here interred. At the restoration, in xoi4,Louis XVUl decreed Aat the royal remains should be dis- interred and deposited in the abbey-church of St. Denis, and tftat an expiatory chapel should be erected upon the spot from whence they had been i^emoved. This chapel, after the designs of Percier and Fontaine, is approached by an avenue of cypresses, and foims a parallelogram one hundred artd sixty-eight feet in length, by ninety-three and one-half in breadth ; it is surmounted by a dome of stone sculptured in scales, with a demi-cupok on each side, presenting the same ornaments. Two co- vered galleHfe»» which, with the portico, foi*m a pro- jecting body, consist each of nine arcades, closed by iron gates. Under the arcades are tombs, suimoiinted
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l4* CHtTECHBS:
by wliite marble medalKoiis encircled by cypraii, uhI poppies, and tablets for hiscriptiofnt . At ike extrenitiea of tke gaUeries are two Urge cippi, bearing feoereal or- naments, and 4be inscription —
** Has ultra metas quiescunt.**
The roof of the galleries is ornamented with garJaiMb of cypress and other end>lenis. The principal entrance is in the form of an anoient tomb, and leads, by sixteen steps, to a vestibide situaW at half the hei^toCtfae galleries $ a jiecond flight of steps conducts to a pUtfona (i*om which rtsesthe }ior4co, consistip^ff of four Dene o&- luiiins, supporting a pediment. Twdve steps lead into the chapel, which is in the form of a cross having thi^e of its branches terminated in semi-circles. The in- terior of the dome and cupolas is omameoted with roses ;.ithnougli the centre of the former tight is ad- mitted. Ovei* the entrance is a snperb ba^^eli^ re- presenting the removal of the royal remains to St. Denis m princely .pomp. In the peiidentives of the dome are four ^bas-reliefs of adoring angels with appropriate em- Uems and inacdptions. The pavement is foi*med of varjidus-coloured marble, wrought in mosaic w^ork to correspond with the roof. Around tlie chapel ai>e fif- teen niches, in which aiq highly-ornamented candeia- bra. At tlie upper extremity, precisely over the spot where the remains of Louis XVI were discovered, standa an altar of white marble with bronze ornaments. On ca«h side of the chapel is a pedestal ; tliat on the rieht, destined. to receive the statue of Louis X\X, ha& a black marble tablet, on which is inscribed the will of that monai^h ; that on the left, intended for the statuo of Ifarie Antoinette, has tlie queen's letter to madame Elisiibeth. The benches, chairs,, etc. are covered witla crimson vdvet^ From this spot two double staircases lead to a subterranean chapel, in which is an altar c^t grey Italian marble, immeaiately beneath tliat ia tl>« upper chapel. Opposite to it is a niche, in which is \.o be placi a monument to the memory of madame Elisat- beth. In charncl-ho-yies, formed at the sides of Uv« subterranean chapel, and Walled up, are deposited Wxe
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PIlOTESTitfT CBUKC1IES. l4l
Adbm of tt gf^^ nmahtr of the victuns of Ibe retoia- Cion who were fetiried in liie cemetery. The efTect of the biiildii^, altiioiigh of snail dimemions, te hi^^ imporing, and cannot &il to produce ihlerestiog asso- ciatio» in the mind of the b^oider.
GRCfiK GHAl^EL,
JYo. 33, Bouhvard ^U" Martin.
This ehapel, in which divine service is perfbnned
ifter the ritaal of the Greek church, is attadwd to the
Ruanan embassy. It is sitoated at the first floor, bj the
staircase to the right on entering the oonrt. •
PROIESTAJM CHURCHES.
Paris contains three chnrdMS dedicated to the pit>- testant worsh^ In one of which (the Oratoire) divine service is performed in English on Sunday afternoon, at three o'clock. There are likevrise three English chapels : viz : I, at the English ambassador's residence, No. ^9, me do Fauhovg-gl.-^Honoi^. This chapel is attended bj a great ntnnber of persons of distinction, and is generaUy thronoed. Service begins at half past it o'ckM:k ; 3, Marboeof dkapel, avenue de Neoilly, near Cfaaitiot. This building was formerly a eafi depen- dent on the pubhc garden called JardM Marbauf {^oMi for boikling«^ronnd), and was purchased a hiwyemrs ago with the hMl Marbosuf by the Rev. Lewis W«iy, who oopivrted tft(^ oqfif into a place of Worship and the ho- ler fnto. a parmnage-house? The diapel is <i>pniarkably neat and oomortablev ;md hafty Ml ofgan. TJm^ officiat- ing niiafflters are of that class of the cfaurch' 4if England df^nfgttisbed va Eponaeltcal preachetH. Service 11 and 6y in snnnher; and 11 and 5, in winter; 5, cAa- fMe des AcgleB^ Oratoire, No. 157, rue St.-Honor^. The flervioe 'here, termed' Jme/icmn ^¥or$hi'p, re- sembles that of the Bissenters in En^nd dei^minated Independents. The minister'isthe Rev. Mar'li Wilks, formerly of Broad Street Cha}*4^1, London. Service at 1 o'clock. By an arrangement, effected by Sir Charles
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l42 PROTESTANT CHURGHBs':
Stuart (now Loi-d Staait de Rothiesay) with the French government, all the places ia France where divine wor- ship is performed according to the rites of the GharcN of England, are placed under the direction of the Rrw tish Consul^, Mibject to the control (^ the Amha«sador.
THE QiUTOlAE, No. 1 57, tiueSt^'UonoK. This spacious church was built for the Pretres tie rOraioire^ in 1621, after designs bpr Lemercier, on the site of the h6tel du Boudiage, which had belonged to the Duchess de Montpensier, and previously to the beautiful Gabrielle d'Estr^es. The regularity of the architecture, and the exact proportions wliich reign throughout the building, have been much admired. The entrance, raised upon a flight of steps, is orna- mented with Doric columns and piUsters, above wlucb is another row of 4 coluipns of the Ionic order, crowned with a pedimtat. The interior is decorated with Co- rinthian pilasters, of tw'd heights, which produce a good effect. The lofty roof Is handsomely ornamented with sou Ipture . It possesses galleries fronted with balustrades, and a neat al*gan. The community of the PrAres de VOraloire was suppressed in 1 792 ; and for several years the church seiTed for the public meetings of the ^fumrtier where it is situated. In i8oa, it was ceded to the Pro- testants of the confession of Greneva, who now celebrate their worship in it, conjointly with the members of the Church of England. Service is performed in French every Sunday at noon, and in English at three in the ;iflernoon. The sacrament is admmistered on festivals, and on the fii^ Sunday of the month, at tea in the morning. There is no salary attached to the duties^ and the expenses of the church are defi*ayed by voluntary subscription . For the use of this church by the English^ 1 ,000 francs a year is given to be distributed to poor French Protestants.
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>TESTANT CHURCnES.— SYNAGOGUES. 14:^
. .i« . ...
THE VISITATION,
No. a I a, rueSt.^jintoine. lall church wan huilt upon Uie pian of Uie f Our Lady at Rome, bj F. Mansart, in i652, mes de la Visitation. Although small, it is e for its architectui^e. The dome is supported ches, between which are Corinthian pilasters rith a comlc^. The entrapce, elevated upon 1 5 steps, is orna^i^nted with two Corinthian It now ^lon^ to Protestants of the Galrin- ision J and service is performed in French, on ad festivals, at noon.
THERIN CHURCH (EGU9E DE^CARMES),
No, 16, ru6 dea BU/etles. arch, built in 1754, after the designs of >^«;« Dominican, fonnerly belonged to ^ convent of friars. In 1790 the convent was suppressed, 8 the church was bought by the city of Paris,
ahout four years after, to the Protestants of orgh Confession. The building i« lofty, neat. The interior is ornamented with Ionic pi- d the nave has two rows of galleries on each e altar stands in a large semicircular recess i^emity of the nave. This church is fitted up i in the English style, ,and possesses an organ, try are several good pictures, prestnted by the Rapp and other Protestants. Service is per- ery Sunday, at twelve and two, in French and temately. A school on the Lancasterian plan, in of both sexes, has been established at no. 18 e street, to vvhich visitors are. admitted from
in the morning till three, in the afternoon.
SYNAGOGUES.
Ts have iu Paris a central consistory, and two «, which are situated at No. i5, rue Notre- Nazai-eth; and No. 5, rue du Cimeti^re-St.-
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1 44 GOUVEKTS.
4Eidr£^e8-Arcs. The former is handsom^ ortMA- mented with the usuai emhlems of Israelii^ wor- ship, BQch as the tahemacle, the candbestick wHIi seven hranches, etc. The service-houi^ here are !2 o'clock on Friday afternoon, and 8 on Saturday morning. The latter, which is mean, is appropriated to the use of Por- tnguese jews . Service at 8 o dock on Saturday morning.
SEMINARIES. Sec Public Schools.
CCXWENTS.
Female religious communities, as well as those of men, were aholished hy the Constituent Assembly, bat were re-established after the concordat passed between Napoleon and pope Pius VH in i8oa. Their mmiber has been ^[reatly increased since the reptoration. They subsist principally upon their own resources, and devote themselves to education, nursing the sick, and other acts of benevolence. Hie following is a list !
Tbe Dmmes B^nddictines de V Adoration perpdiuelle du Si. Sacremenl have a convent at No. i^, me Ste.> Genevieve.
A second convent of the same order was establishcMl at the Temple, No. 89, rue dn Temple, by the late princess Louise de Condd, for the expiation of profa- nation and the instmction of girls. The name of tiiis conwnt reminds us ef the religious and military order of the Knights Templars, founded at Jerusaiein, in 1 1 18, the persecution of whom occupies an important fJaoe in the history of Philip le Bel. This was ^eir principal establishnient in France.
Before the revolution, the Temple consisted of two distinct parts, viz. the Temple, pix>perly called, and tlifi palace of the grand prior. The former was private pro- perty, and consisted of several hotels and gardens, and many inferior dwellings for tradesmen, artists, and also for insolvent debtors, who took refuge at the Temple to avoid arrest, it being a place of sanctuai7. As a con-
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I
/ THE TEMPLE. l45
J sMkfaUe trade was carried on here,- the rotunda, or I iMnar, surrounded by }X>rticoes, was constructed in P 1781, to increase the rerenues of the grand prior. Thediurch of the Temple was demolished at the re- volution, when the order of Malta or of St. John of Jeru- Mkn, which had succeeded the Templars, was sup> prand, and npon its site and some ground contiguous wasforined the MarchS au Vieux Idnge.
Within the enclosiire of the Temple formerly stood a
Isr^ square tower flanked with fonr turrets, which was
boilt in laaa. Here for a long period the kings of
France kept their treasure, and it afterwards served for
the deposit oC the archives of the grand prior of Malta . It
^ was in this tower that the unfortunate Louis XVI and
I his family were imprisoned in 1792, and from hence he
was led to the scaffold. It was subsequently transformetl
ioto a itate prison, and Gen. Tonssaint-Louverture, Sir
Sydney Smith, and Gen. Pichegru were long detained
! there. In x8o5 the tower was demolished.
The palace of the grand prior is all that now remains of the ancient Temple. It was built about the year 1 566, by Jaocjnes ae Souvr^, grand prior, after the designs of Delisle. The chevalier d'Orleans, who was afterwards invested wi^ that dignity, caused consi- derable repairs to be made to his palace, in 1 7a i . The duke of Angouldme, son of the count d'Artois, after- wards Charles X, was the kst grand prior of the Tcraplr. la 18 la, this building was repaired and embellished, with the design of becoming a residence for the ministre ^cuUes; and in 181 4, it was converted into a con- sent. The front is decorated with a portico formed of Ionic columns. On each side is a fountain in thr form of a pedestal, surmounted by a colossal statue Ivy Pdjol. The statue on the right represents the Mamp, ind that on the left the Seme. The front towards 'he court is decorated with eight coupled Ionic columns, tbove which are stone figures of Justice, by Dumont ; Jope, by Lestteur; Abundance, byFoucon; and ^n- leace, by Boichot.
A new chapel was erected in t8^5, between the »alace and the March^ du Temple. The front is or-
i3
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1^6 CO» VENTS. I
namented with a portico formed of two Ionic columns, sarmounted by a triangular pediment, in tlie tym- panum of which are sacred and royal eniblons. The interior is decorated with columns of the Ionic order. The high altar is remarkably splendid, and'u ornamented wiUi two pictures by Lafond, one repre- senting St. Louis, and the other St. Clotilda, and a copy of the Holy Family. The other pictures are the annunciation, the adoration of the Sacred Heart, and mademoiselle de Cond^ when i5 years of age. The chapel contains fom- other altars. A singularity in this chapel is that the organ is placed above the high-altar. On the right is a railmg which separates the nuns from the public, who are admitted on Sundays during dlnne service.
The chapel may be seen daily by applying to the porter, to whom a small fee is given. Permissioik to visit the convent cannot be obtained.
The Dames jTiglaises, a3, rue des Fosses St. -Victor, the only English convent in Paris. The nuns, who must be English by biith, are of the order of St. Augus- tine, and keep a boarding-«chool.
The Dames Carmelites have three convents in Paris, one at No. 67, rue d'Enfer; a second at No. 2, niede Cassini ; and a thiid at No. 70, rue de Vaugirai^. The church of the latter is much admired. The front is cx)mposed of Tuscan pilastera, supporting an entabla- tm'e, above which is a large window, and on each side of it a niche with a statue. Above the window is a pediment, having in the centre a niche with a group of the Virgin and Child. The pediment is surmounted by a plinth supporting a cross. Over the door is a niehe with a statue of St.-lhere8a.
Tlie extremities of the front are sui^mountedby stone balls hearing crosses . The Tuscan order prevails in the interior ardiitecture. The churdi is in the fonn o£ a Latin cross, crowned by a dome, ornamented with a painting in fresco, by Flamel, representing the ascen- sion of Elijah into Heaven. On each side of the nave are chapels, two of which are decollated with a profusion ot painting and gilding. Each extremity
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^ of the transept also forms a chapel. That to the left is
f dedicated to the Virgin. It is adorned with red marble
pillars, the bases and capitals of which are gilt, and
fKMsesses some bas-relieft that are worthy of attention.
The gronp of the Virgin and Child is in plaster;
the chapel to the right is dedicated to St. Theresa.
The aJtar-piece represents that saint and her bi-o-
ther, when children, overtaken by their father on their
road to suffer martyrdom among the Heathens. Above
the altar is another picture of St. Tlieresa. The marble
piUars of this chapel have also eilt bases and capitab.
The chancel is ornamented with four pillars of black
marble, with gilt bases and capitals, supporting an en-
taMatore decorated with sculpture, and crowned by a
circular pediment. On each side is a niche, in which
are statues of St. Peterand Mai^ Magdalen. The front
of the hmh-altar is oraamented with a very ancient
b^rehef in white marble, repi-esenting the kst supper.
Above It IS a picture of the Death of St. Joseph. The
otiicr pictures have no particular merit. On each side
of the choir are railings, within which the Dames Car-
meliief attend divine service.
This convent was the spot where the massacres began in Pans, on the^d and 3d of September. Hundreds of pnests who had been imprisoned here were murdered. An annoal funeral service is performed for them in this cbnrch, on the anniversary of the massacre.
It was in this convent that wero formerly manufao- tared the famous eau de M4lUse and the hUmc des Cannes,
The Dames de la Visitation have three convents ; fme at l^o. 20, rue des Postes ; a second in the rue de Vaogii^ard ; and a third at No. 6, rue Neuve St.-Etienne. The Dames de la Congregation de r Adoration perpi- tuelle da SacrdCoeur de J^sus, abbaye aux Bois, rae dc Sevres.
Two Congregations de Notre-Dame reside in the me de SAvres, near the Boulevard, and at No. 1 1, nie des Bemardiiis. The Dames du Cahaire, inie du Petitr-Vaugirard.
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l/fi CONVENTS.
The Dmmes Dominicaines de la Croix,- No. 5j, me de Gliaronne.
Tlie Congrdaaiion de la Mere^^DieUj rue Pkpus, and No. 1 ana 4> rue Barbette. The hitter is a de- pendence of the Maison Boyale of St.-Denis, for edu- cating the daughters of members of the Legion of Honour.
The Dames de la Misiricorde^ No. a5, roe Nenve- Ste. -Genevieve.
The Chanoinesses de Si.-Jugustin, or Congregation du Sacri-Ojeur^ rue Picpus. Tnis community is large.
'i'he Dames du Sacr^-CcBur, rue de Yarennes.
The Dames detJ/nmacMe Conception^ called 12<foo2- leUeSy rue d'Anjou-St.-Honor^.
The Dames Ursulines have a convent at No. lOo, rue dc Yaugirard.
The Dames Bemardines (of the ancient oonvent of Poit Royal), No. 25, rue de TArbaldte.
The Dames Franciscaines de Ste.'Elizabelhy No. 4oi rue St. -Louis.
1'he Filles de la Croix, No. a4, Place Royale.
The Congregation des Soeurs de St, Fmceni de Pauley No. i5u, nie du Bac. The community of the Filles de la Charitd, founded by St. Yinoent de Paule in i653, now consists of about !2,5oo nuns, who devote themselves to nui^sing tlie sick at the hospitals and at home, the instruction of poor children, and the care of foundlings and orphans. This establishment receives annually a5,ooo francs from the government. The Sceurs have minor establishments in many of the pa- rishes of the capital.
The Dames de St. Maur, rue St.-Maur. This con- vent was established in 1666. The government grants this institution 5,ooo francs a year to tacilitate the means of finding novices to go to the colonies.
Tl«e Dames deSt.-ThomasHie^Filleneupe have three convents in Paris. One in the cul-de-sac des Yignes, rue des Postea ; another at No. 27, rue de Sevres. The nuns perform the functions of nurses in the hospitab. This institution receives from the government 6,000 fr. a year. The thii'd, in the rue de S&vres, near the Bou- levard, serves as an hospital for sick children.
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PALACES — THB TCILERIBS. 1 49
The Samrs d€ NoirB-Dame-^de-btrn'S^tours^ No. 7, rue Cassette, who attend the sick at their own honses.
The Dames du Hejkge, or de St. Michel, 193, rue St.-Jaocjoes. The principal object of this institution is to open asyhms in large towns for penitent prostitutes. It receires from the gover^iment t5,ooo francs a year. The Pities de la Me^dehine^ or Repenties^ established bj donations of the roval family, are under the direction of a superior chosen irom the Dames du xte/uge.
The Dames de la Croix St.-dmM, Mo. 3, rue de S^^s.
CHAPTER Vra. ROYAL AMD OTHER PAJLAG£S AND GARDENS. Next to sacred edifices, palaces are the structures in which architecture displays its loftiest conceptions, and in which the power and taste of nations are exhibited to greatest advantage. It is here that the most sublime productions of genius and the fine arts are collected; and the magnificence of kings inspires admiration and respect. Paris abounds with palaces worthy of being the residence of royalty.
PALACE OF THE TUILERIES.
Upon a spacious spot of ground without the walls of l^ris, occupied by tile-kilns (tuUeries)^ and gardens interapened with coppices and scattered dwellincs, Ca therine de Medicis determined to erect a palace for her own i*endence. It was begun in i564) after the desi^s of Philibert Delorme and Jean Bullant, and the building was rapidly proceeding, when an astrologer having foretold to Catherine that £he name of St.-Germain would be fatal to her, the completion of the edifice was suddenly relincmished, because the ground on which it stood was in the parish of St.-Germain-l'Auxerrois. She erected the central pavilion, the two ranges of building immediately adjoining, and the pavilions that terminatte them. Under Hem-y IV, the architects Du-
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I So I>ALACES:
cercean and Dnptoc added two olber ranges of buUdiDg of the Corinthian order, which form a striking contrast to the li^t and delicate style adopted by the first archi- tects. These were terminated by two enormous pavi- lions, called Pavilion de Flore and Pavilion Marsan, which extend in one- line of front.
Levau and d'Orbay being, employed by Louis XIV to harmonize the discordant masses of this extensive range of building, chaiiged the dome of the central pavilion into a quadrauigular roc^, established along the whole line an entablature nearly uniform, and constructed an attic over that part of the edifice erected by Deloi*me and Bullant.
Louis XIII, upon abandoning the Louvre, where the image of his, murdered father would have continually presented itself to his imagination, fixed his residence at the Tuileries. Louis XIV dwelt there till he built the palace at Versailles. In 1 791 , ^e Tuileries became a ^Miouse of mourning'* to the unfortunate Louis XVI and his family ; and within its walls some of the roost horrible scenes of the revolution were acted. It after- wards became in succession tlie seat of the Conventional and Directorial governments, and subsequently the resi- dence of Napolton. In i8o4) the Pavilion de Flore was occupied by Pope Pius VII. Louis XVIH being i^estored to the throne of his ancestors, took up his abode in the palace of the Tuileries.
Place du Carrousel.— -A wide street leading fi^m the Louvre to the Tuileries opens upon this place, wliich obtained its name from a magnificent tournament held there by Louis XIV on the 5th and 6th of June, i6&x . This ai*ea was formcsrly small, narrow, encombcred with old houses, and skirted by a lofty wall wliich liid the front of the palace. It is now thrown open to a considerable extent, and affoixls a noble view of the royal residence. On each side is a gallei^, one of which communicates with the Louvre ; the other is un- finished. Fifteen thousand infantry and cavalry troops can go through their exercise with ease in the Place au CaiTousel.
Court. — ^Its form is a parallelogram . An iron railing.
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THE TOILKRIES. l5r
terminated by spear-heads |^t, rertina upon a wall four feet high, separates the court from the Place du Gar- rooael. Columns placed from distance to <)istance on Vhe wall are temunated by gilt baUs, sarmounted by a paint amilar to those of the miliiary columns of the Romans. In this railing are three gates; that in the centre is opposite a triumphal arch ; the other two have on each sade stone piers crowned with statues. The first to. the right, looking towards the palace, is Victory, holding in one hand a standard, and in the other a crown; the second is Peace, having in one hand a symbol of valour, and in the other a paun branch ; the third represents France victorious; the fourth. History, with a tablet and pencil. The two former statues arc by Petitot, the two latter by Gerard. This spot was for- merly a garden, called Jardin de Mademoiselle, after mademoiselle d'OrUans, duchesse de Montpensier, the heroine of the Frondeurs. In the court of the Tuile-
ries, the troops who mount guard at the palace go through their exercises, at half past eight o'clock in the summer, and half past eleven in winter.
Tbivmpbal Abch. — ^ This monument was erected in
1 806, afler the designs of Perrier and Fontaine, to the gloiy of tlie French army. Its height is 4^ ^^t, its length 60, and its breadth 201/9 feet. Like the arch of Septimus Severus, it is composed, in its length, of three arches.; but there is besides a transvei'sal arch, which intersects the three others, on a line witfi the gates in each of tlie opposite galleries. Its mass is of fine free- stone; eight Corinthian coliunns of red Languedoc maible, with bases and capitals of bronze, ado)m the principal facades, and support an entablature, the frieze of which is'of Italian grioUa, Above is an attic, bearing a double socle, formerly crowned by an antique trium- phal car of lead gilt, to which were yoked the famous bronze horses, from the pkce of St.-Mark at Venice. A car with four liorses in bronze, by Bosio, after the model of those remoT(*d, and equal to them in the beauty of their forms and the expression of tlieir attitude, was placed upon the socle in 1828. In the car stands an ^legorical figurie of the Restoration, holding an oliv^
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] 5a PALACES :
branch in tlie right hand, and resting the left upon an anticfue sceptre, surmounted by a small fieure of Louis XYUI ; in this hand also is a bunch of palm branches, to indicate that the glories of all preoeding periods are consecrated by the Restoration. The groined vauhs of the lateral arches are decorated with thunder-boltB, and branches of laui^l and palm. The figures of Fame, that adorn the principal arch towards the palace, were sculptured by Taunay ; those towards the place da Car- rousel, by Dupaty. Above the lateral and transversal openings were six bas-reliefs, representing the most memorable actions of the campaign of 1 8o5 . They wei« removed by the allied armies in i8i5, at the same time that the bronse horses were restored to Venice. Thr places of these were filled up, in 1828, by bas-relie& u. stone, to commemorate the principal events of the cam> paignin Spain, in i823. They represent, towards the place du Carrousel: the duke of Angoul^e dismisMng the Cadiz envoys, by Pradier ; and the arrival of that prince at Madrid, by Roman, Next the Seine: the capi- tulation of general BaJlasteros, at Lampillo, by Petitot junior. Opposite the palace: the interview of Fei^di- nand YII and his queen with the duke of Angouldme, at Port Santa Mai'ia, by Cortot ; and the reception of his royal highness by Louis XVm and the royal family, upon iiis ratum to the Tuileries, by David. Next the rue de Rivoli : the taking of Pampeluna, by Raggi. Looking at this monument, from the place du Carrousei^ in front of the attic, in a perpendicular line with the columns, are four statues, representing a cuirassier, by Taunay ; a dragon, by Corbet ; a cMSseur d eAevaiy by Foucou, and a carabinier^ by Chinard. The statues fronting the palace are : a grenadier de ligne^ by Dardel ; a carbinier de ligne, by Montony ; a canonniery by Bridan ; and a sapeur, by Dumont. In the frieze are allegorical figures, and children bearing garlands. The oi^aments are by Gerard, Dumont, Callamard, and Fortin. Although very beautiful, this monument is cer- tainly much too small for the vast ai*ea in which it stands. Gaixekiss. — Along the quay which skirts the bank of the Seine, Henry IV began the construction of a g^ery
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THE TVILBRIKS. l5S
to eitend from the Louvre to the Tnlleries, whioh was continued nnder Lenis Xm, and finished in the reign of Louis XIY. Its length is one thousand three hun- dred and thirty-two French feet and its breadth forty- two. Like the palace of the Tuileries, it exhibits several styles of architecture, which, however, may he reduced to two principal ones.
From the Tuileries to the FavUlon de I'Horloge, it is ornamented with coupled composite pilasters on piers, which support sculptured pediments alternately circular and triangular. From the Pavilion de FHot^ loge to the Louvre, are two ranges of coupled pilasters pkced one upon another. Those below are of the Doric ^rder; those above are of the Corinthian order, and Support pediments alternately triangular and circular. The great length of this bailding, added to the simi- litude of the windows and pediments, renders the dif- ference in the style of architecture less striking, particu- larly on the opposite bank of the river, where alone it can be seen to advantage. The lower part of the gallery forms an orangery, a guard-house, and some offices attached to the palace; and the upper part contains the pictures of the Royal Museum/ To fecilitate the circulation of carriages and pedestrians, arches in se- veral places are left open between the pilasters.
A new gallery of similar architecture, and in a pa- rallel line, was begun in 1808, next the rue St.-Honor^. It is much wider, and is to be continued to the Louvre. Palace. — ^The front of the palace is 536 yards in length, by 36 in breadth . Towards ttie court it presents five pavi- lions with four ranges of building between them. These buildings are decorated with different orders ef arehi- tecture. Until the reign of Louis XIV the PayiUon de VHorloge was ornamented with the Ionic and Co- rinthian orders only ; but at that period the composite order and an attic wei*e added. The colunms of all these ordei*s are of red and brown marble. Upon the entablature is a pediment decorated with the arms of France, and the whole is surmounted by a square dome.
* Sc« Mm^ HoyaL
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i54 palaces:
The two masses of building contiguous present two oi*- ders, the Ionic with bands and tiie Corinthian. The two pavilions which follow are also adorned with Ionic columns, but they are fluted ; the second order, which is Corinthian, is surmounted by an attic crowned with a balustrade and vases. The two lines of building be- yond, as well as the pavilions at the extremities, are of the composite order surmounted by an attic, with vases upon the entablature. In niches, on eadi side of the door, are antique marble statues of Apollo and a Faun . The columns above, of the Corinthian and Com- posite ordera, are of brown and-red marble, and support a pediment, in the middle of which is a clock, by.Le- paute ; above are two recumbent statues, representing Justice and Prudence; the attic is supported by six co- lossal cariatides. The two balconies, of the central pa- vilion, next the court and the gai^den, are where the royal family present themselves to the public. A white flag waves upon its summit when the king is at Paris. The facades of the two adjoining piles of building are ornamented with twenty marble busts.
The £i*ont towards die garden presents three pa- vilions, decorated with the Ionic and Corinthian orders. The architecture of the rest of the edifice is of the composite oi^er. The ornaments of the central pa- viUon are similar to those pf the front towai*ds t)ie court. In niches in the vestibule, whjch is, ornamented with Ionic columns, are antique marble statpes of Minerva, Narcissus, and a Greek warrior ; on each side of the door are statues of Venus and a Faun, and in the fore- ground two lions in white marble. Next is a^ open gallery pierced with 24 arcades, in which are placed an- tique, marble statues representing Roman senators ar- rayed in the tOga. These porticoes are surmounted by terraces, oiTiameqted with vases. Upon brackets placed between the windows of the second story, are twenty- two busts of Roman emperors and generals. Upon the terrace next the ruede Rivoli, has been formed a covered gallery, lighted by 1^ windows, which leads to the chapel. From the garden the king and royal family may be seen on Sundays and festivds when' they pass
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THE TUILERIES. l55
through the gallery to attend mass. The busts on this side can only be seen at some distance from the palace.
Imtkbior. — The decoration of the state apartments of the Tuileries belongs chiefly to the reign ot Louis XIV.
The vestibule communicates towards the west with two covered galleries, one of which leads to the chapel, and the other to the back staircase of the king's apart- ments.
On the nght is the grand staircase, built by Levau and d'Orbay, skirted with a stone balustrade oma* mented with snakes, interlaced in lyi^es beneath suns, the emblems of Louis XIV and of Colbert. At the top of the staircase is a plaster statue of Jupiter, between two antique columns crowned with busts of Roman em- perors. At the first landing-place is the SaUe des Cent- SuisseSy decorated at the extremity with four Doric co> Inmns and a statue of Silence. From this room is a staircase, at the top of which are statues representing the chancellors d*Aguesseau and THopital. It leads to the saloon of the chapel and a small room which served formerly for the council of state. This room forms a gallery for the chapel. It is decorated with pilasters and columns in stucco, and different aUegorical orna- ments and figures in grisailie. The ceihng, which once presented a painting of the battle of Austerlitz, by G^rai'd, is now ornamented with one by Horace Vemet, representing the Marshal de Saxe, announcing to Louis XV the issue of the battle of Fontenoy. The monarch is surrounded by his household and his Scotch guards.
The chapel is adorned with two ranoes of Doric co- lumns, in stone and stucco, forming galleries on three sides. The royal pew is opposite the altar, above which is the orchestra. It is decorated with apavement of marble and mosaic in compartments. The chapel is very plain. The ceiling is painted in compartments of gilt ornaments on grounds in grisaiUe,
The former Salk des Machines, that was apprc^ri- ated to the sittings of the Convention at the revolution, now foi^ms the thSdtre, which is approached by a ves- tibule communicating with the chapel. On a level with the fit^ tier oi boxes is a saloon decorated with
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1 56 palaces:
columns of the Ionic order. The theatre is oma* mented with columns of tlie same order, supportiu^ four arches, on which rests an elliptical dome. Tho king's box is opposite the stage, with two amphitheatres for ladies, to the right and left. The pit, the gallery, and the first tier of boxes being reserved for the court, there is a range of latticed boxes on the ground-floor, and two above the galleiT", for other persons who are invited. All the architecture is painted to represent violet hrecciay with mouldings richly gilt. The dra- peries are light green. The dome, the friezes, and the arches are sumptuously decorated with figures and other ornaments. The curtain is a drapery m ample folds, and richly ornamented. This theatre ^ay be converted into a ball-room. A floor is then laid down over the pit upon a level with the stage, and a moveable decora- tion of columns, cupola, etc., is erected to correspond with the other part of the room. Nothing can exceed the ^lendour of this saloon when lighted up by two elegant lustres suspended from the domes, and fifty of smaller dimensions hung in the intercolumniations.
The Salle des Marickaux occupies the whole of the central pavilion. A balcony, supported by brackets, extends around it. Next the garden is a gallei-y resting upon cariatides, copied from those by Jean Goujon, at the Louvre. It contains a series of full-length portraits of the living marshals of France.* The ceiling is deco- rated with caissons and ornaments, painted in gH$aiUe.
Next comes the Salon des Nobles, originally called S{dle des Gardes, It has six windows : &e ceiling is decorated in grisaille, set off with gold, representing marches, battles, and triumphs ; the whole is surrounded hy military ornaments and allegorical figures.
The Salon de la Paix is so called on account of the ridi colossal silver statue opposite the fire-place, the model of which was by Chaudet. On each side of it is a magnifi- cent candelabra eight feet in height. This room also contains many costly articles in bronze, busts, vases, etc.
* 'When a marshal dies, his portrait is removed to the Hotel dos^Invalides.
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THE TOILSaiES. 157
The €«iliii09 paintei in i658, by BHokolaa Loir, repre- teats tbe nfline ion tbeddinghis aarlieftbeaunt upon the earth; Time snows him the spaee he hasto ran ; Spring bruiiES Abundance in her train, and Fameprodabes the Idewmgs of Nature. The four quarters c^ tbe World, characterised by their respective emblems, rejoice at the g^b they receive. The subordinate ornaments idate to Che principal subject of the composition .
The Sake du Trdtte is lighted by three windows next the court. The throtae is elevated upon three steps co« vered wilh bfaie velvet. It is ornamented with rich carved-work, gilt and sprinkled with Jkurs 4m Us. Above it is a canopy with hangings of crimson vehek, sprinkled witti Jlmtn da U$^ and bordered with gold fringe. On the sides, the hangings are festooned by clusters of arms of the finest execution. The canopy is surmounted by a large erown of laurel and oak in gold, terminated by a helm with plumes of white feaviers. The room is hung with rich crimson velvet brocside of Lyons manufacture, uoon which the royal monogram, emblems, etc., are enmroidered in gold. The curtains are of the tame mtterial. In the centre is a lustre of ex- tmordinary beauty, and in each comer of the room is a rich candelabra, twelve feet in heieht. The priacipal sdijiect of the ceiling, painted by Fiamael, is Religion protecting France.
Tbe next room is the Saile du CanstU. The ceiling is formed of beautiful painting, sculpture, and gilding. It contains two magnincent pictures in tapestry of the Go- belins, one representing Zeuxis choosing a model ; and ihe other, Helen pwaa^ by Paris. Facing the windows are two of the finest and largest vases ever manufactured at Sevres. The painting of one represents the Parisians dragging the statue of Henry tbe IV to the Pont-Neuf ; the other, the dedication of the same statue. On the cbimney-piece is a heantifal time-piece, by Lepaute, the frame of which is formed of a bas-relief, by Tannay, with two figures, representing History and Fame; diiTerent ornaments and military trophies in bronze gilt, serve as acoessories to tbe principal subject. In this room, which
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communicates with the king's bed-chamber, are likewise foar superb candebbras, and several objects of art.
At the extremity of the state apartments is ^e Gahrie de Diane, the walls of which are of stucco. The pain!t- ings of the ceiling are chiefly copies of those in the Far- n£e gallery at Rome, and were executed by the pupils of the French Academy. This gallery served formerly for the reception of and>as8adors, and was thoroug^y re- paired in 1 8 1 o. Mirrors, opposite the windows, and at the extremities, seem to increase its extent and diness by the repetition of the objects which adorn it. Four large pictures between the windows i-epresen*, in ta- pestiy, events in the life of Louis XIY. Eight smaller pictures, over the doors, and in other parts of the room, present historical subjects taken from the life of Louis AVI and his predecessors. At the extremities of this room are two Egyptian vases of the greatest beauty, formed of different kinds of marble, with gilt orna- ments. They are eight feet in height, including the pe- destals.
The Jppartement de Service is behind the galerie de Diane and the other state rooms. It looks to Xhe garden, and the entrance is by the grand staircase of the PaviUon de Flore. It consists of an anti-chamber, serving as a guard-room ; a dining-room, hung with plain crunson velvet; the Salon bleu; the king^s cabinet, which no one is allowed to enter ; his majesty's bed-chamber ; and a dressing-room. These rooms form the kin^s private apartments ; their decoratioas are in the style which distin^shed the age of Louis XIY. The paintings of the ceilings, in general, represent scenes in allusion to the education of that monarch . The ceiling of the anti- chamber or guard-room , was painted in 1 8 1 o . It repre- sents Mars travelling in a car round the globe, and sig- nalizing each month of the year by a victory. Nothing can be more rich and elegant than the king's bed-cham- ber. It is hung with purple velvet, embroidered with gold. The ceiling is painted in grisaiUe with gilt cais^ sons. Two windows look towards the ^rden. The bed, which is opposite to the windows, is surrounded
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by a superb bahistra^ of gilt colamns, and tiiniiouiited hj a tester oC purple dra^rj, ornamented with white plumes. At the foot of the bed on each side is a ball of ivory.
On the groood-floor, to the south of the central pavi- lion, are the apartments of the danphin and dauphiness. They are in a style less rich, but more modem than those already described. The dining-room, although it has only one window, is rendered perfectly light £y an in- genif >s disposition of mirrors. A moveable stage can be placed in the concert room for private dramatic represen- tations. In the Salon des Trois Grdces is a beautiful picture of the Graces, by Blondel. Beyond these apart- ments, on the same side, are the kitchens.
The pavilion Marsan, at the extremity next the me de Rivoli, is occupied by the Duchess of Berry. It con- tains two complete suites of apartments, one on the ground, and the other on the hrst floor. In fi<ont of the PaviUon Marsan, next the garden, a square spacfe has been railed off, in which, during the summer, are placed orange-trees, laureJs, pomesranatc-trees, etc. The duke of Bordeanx and Mademoiselle de Berry have apartments in the gallery which extends from the Pavil- Iqn Marsan in the direction of the Louvre. This gal- lery also contains apartments for the Governor of the Tuileries, the king's treasury, etc.
The fomiture and moveable ornaments of the palace of the Tuileries change their pkce so fl^uently, that it is iippossible to give a description of them with any de- gree of accuracy.
For tickets to view the interior of the palace, applica- tion must be made by letter to Monsieur le premier gen- tUhoname de la Ckambredu Eoi^ de service aux Tuile- ries. Admission is only to be obtained in summer, or when the king and royal family are in the country. Three or four irancs are usually given to the Cicerone,
Admission to the chapel on Sundays is granted, by applying to Monsieur le BaronVEv4quey aux Tuileries y who must be addressed by letter. If our tourist be in full dress, he may obtain a seat in a gallery on a line witli that of the royal family ; but if he wears either boots or
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loose pantaloons, he will ia vain apply for admittance.
In any dress, however, he toay enter the body of the diapei, and will be amply gratified by the service of tlie mass, although he win not get one glimpse of the royal family. Persons attending the chapel shotdd not arrive latei* than 1 1 o'clock.
GAiu»i«.-*-The garden of the Tnileries contains abont sixty-seven acres. At the beginning of the reign of
* Louis XrV it was ill laid out, and much less extaisive ihan at present. It was separated from the palace by a street, which ran the whole length of the front. In this contracted space were a fish-pond, an aviary, a mena* gerie, an echo, an orangery, an orchai*d, a theatre, a la- byrinth, an inclosed warren, an hotel belonging to Ma- demoiselle de Guise, and a i^statirant. That monarch, when the works of the palace were finished, determined to embellish the garden, and af^inted Len^tre to carry his design into executi on . This man , endowed with an. elerated genins and, an exquisite taste, conceived the present plan, the unity and variety of which are tmiv^N* saUy admired. Every thing is grand, simj^e, and ma- jestic . The most exact S3rmnietry prevaib, without being monotonous, and the terraces, statues, vased, flower^gar-' dens, groves, and fountains, arie superb. In front of the palace a terrace extends, which is separated fix>m the garden by three steps. Statues in marble and bronze form its principal ornament. From its centre springs the grand walk, which traverses the grove, and appear^ to form only one avenue with that of the Cham^-Ely- sdes, planted upon the same line. From Hiis point the view extends to the triumphal arch de TEtoile. The perspective is not less noble when, in descending from the baiTier, the central pavilion of the palace is seen in the distance at the extremity of the immense vista. In front of the latei'al pavilions are two terraces parallel to each other, which extend the whole length of the gar*- den, and meet in the form of a horse-shoe at the western gate. The flower-gardens in front of the palace, are terminated by a plantation of stately trees. The (lower* gardens are embelhshed with thi^ee founl^ins which nill into basins. The krgest, of a circular form, is si-
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tnated in Hie grand walk. Around it, and in front of the plantation, are groups, vases, and stitnes in marble. The walks of the flower-garden are so distribated as to produce the greatest effect. Before each wing of the palace are four triangular grass-plots, skirted wilhbeds of flowers and shrubs surrounded by a light iron railing ; the summit of their upper an^e is intersected so as to form a circular area, in the centre of which is a basin. Be jond is a wide transversal walk, parallel to the large circular basin ; and next are four square grass-plots bor- dered with flower-beds. The plantation is in the form of a quincunx, and affords in summer a most delightful retreat from the scorching sun. Beyond the plantation in the centre, is a vast octagonal basin. Termini and statues arc placed in front of the extremity of the plan- tation, and groups representing rivers, appear at the bottom of the gentle declivities which lead from the ter- races. The borders of the terraces at this point are de- . corated with statues. Two groups in marble terminate them, and crown the western gate ; and two lions finish, appropriately, the opposite side of the extremity of the terraces . Next the place Louis XVI the terraces are bor. dered with stone benches, disposed so as to accommo- date a vast multitude of spectators, during fites given in the Champs-Elys^. Each of them terminates widi a shady and delightful grove. That next the river is ornamented near the palace with bronze statues, and affords a fine view of the magnificent edifices which skirt the quays on the opposite side of the river. In the grove at the other extremity, a paTilion was built in 1811 for the empress Maria Louisa, who, when preg- nant, used to walk on the terrace, and breakfast in the pavilion. This walk, which is still used occasionally by the royal family, is generally closed to the public till two o'clock, when the court occupies the Tuileries. It is approached from the palace by a subterranean passage. The terrace des ^euiilan's is one of the most frequented walks of the capital. It extends along the rue de Rivoli* and discovei*s the Place Yenddme with its triumphal column, and the Boulevard. During the Revolution, a mob proceeded to the gar- / 14.
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den of the Tuileiiet, mnftilated many of the ttatues, and injured the trees and nearly .every thing that served to ornament it. From that period the garden was totally neglected, till Bonaparte took up his residence at the palace. Palisades were then sub- stituted for a miserable wall, which skirted the terrace des FeuiUans ; the terraces forming the horse- shoe were built, trees planted along the lateral terraces, and many statues ana other ornaments added. The vases which crown the piers of the palisades, and the lions next the Place Louis XYIj were placed there by command of Louis XYIII.
The garden was formerly separated from the Place Louis XVl by a moat and swing-bridge, called le Pant ToumaiUj for which iron-gates were substituted hy Bonaparte : the moat on each side of the gates still re- mains. We notice this change, because the PorU Tour- nant was famous during the Revolution, and strangers would search for it in vain. The garden of the Tuile- ries is open to the public till dusk, when the reti*eat is announced by beat of drum. It is the most fashion- able promenade in Paris, particularly tlie fine JlUe de tOrangericy wliich during the summer is embellished with orange-trees, and is thronged by the gay world. The hours when it is most frequented are from two to five in winter, and seven to nine in summer. In the AUde de rOrangerie is a cqfi!; in different parts of the garden chairs are hired for two sous, and for one sous each the visitor is accommodated with newspapers, delivered at three small pavilions in the form of tents, established by permission of Charles X. At many points there are stone and marble seats, but these are by far too few for general accommodation. The fountains play on Sun- days and f(6te8.
Females whose head-dress is a handkerchief, or whose curls are in paper, men in jackets or caps, per- sons carrying parcels, and Jemmes publiques^ are ex- cluded from the garden ; dogs are not admitted except they be led with a string, and carriages are not allowed to stand before the ^tes. Twelve inspectors or garden- keepen arc appomted to keep order, and sentinels arc
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febttioned at all the entnmoes. The first baUoon seen at Paris ascended from tbe garden of the Tuileries, in the reign of Loois XVI.
The stranger who wishes to examine minutely the stataes in the garden, among which are many master- pieces, will save time by adhering to the following di- rections: Enter by the gate next the palace in the me de Rivoli ; inspect the group in bronze on the right (No. 5) ; pass along the terrace in front of the palace (No. i); ascend the terrace next the water, and after examining the bronze stataes (No. a) de- scend the first flight of steps, traverse the transversal walk, and make the tour of the circular basin (Nos. 3 and 4) ; pass through the grove next the rue de Rivoli (No. 6); visit the statue at the extremity of the All^e de rOrangerie (No. 5), ascend the horseshoe terrace on the same side (No. 8), and then that on the opposite side (No. 8) ; descend to the octagon basin (No. 9), and pass through the grove next the river (No. 7). The following is a description of the statues and groups to which the visitor may refer, according to the figures given above. —
I — Terrace in Jront of the Palace' I , A fawn playing on the flute ; a young satyr behind him places his finger on his hps in token of silence, to listen to the sweet notes of the flute : Coysevox, — 12, a Hamadryad, with the emblems that accompany these nymphs, who were believed to spring from trees, each dying with the tree to which she belonged: Cojrsevox. — 3, Flora, to whom Zephyr presents a wreath of flowers: Cojrsevox.^ij VinAex, the Scythian Knife- grinder, who revealed to Brutus the conspiracy of his sons to restore the Tarquins : after the antique, ly Kel-
£er, 5y Venus in a sitting posture, accompanied by a
tortoise, the en^em of bashfulness: Keller.—^, Venus with one of the doves of her chariot ; Cupid behind her is drawing the sword of Mars from its scabbard : Cous- ioUf senior. — 7, the Nymph of Diana, drawing an arrow froma quiver, Cupid bears her bow: CousUm, senior.
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— 8, the Shepherd, hunter of the wild boalr : Coustou, senior.
2 — Terrace next the Seine.
These six statues in bronze are by Keller:— i. An- tonous, the favourite of Adrian. — 3» Y^nus Pudicpe. — 3, Pythian Apollo, a copy of the Belvedere.— '4f Lao- coon and his sons. — 6, Hercules with his son Telephos. — 6, the Destiny of Hercules. All the vases between the statues are by masters; and some of them are oma> mented with bas-reliefs of beautiful execution.
^'^Transversal FTalk.
t , Fai*nesian Hercules, haying in his hand the three apples of the garden of the Hesperides. — a, Julius Cas- sar : Thdodon. — 3, Glycera, the Athenian flower-wo* man and mistress of Alcibiades : Theodon, — 4? Diana the huntress.
4 — Circular Basin,
1 , The death of Lncratk : TModan and Lepautre» — u, Uie rape of Cybele by Saturn: Hegnaudin. This group is so called in the i*oyal catalogue ; some consider It an allegory of Time carrying off Beau^. — 3, Phsetusa metamorphosed into a treej the toe-nails are prolonged into roots : Regnaudin i — 4> Atlas metamorphosed into a ix>ck ; the lower part of the body appears already petri- fied : Legros.^-^by the rape of Orythia by Boreas: Marsjr.-^f Eneas bearing Anchises from the flames of Troy: Ascanius is led by Anchises : Lepautre. S—Allde de tOrangerie.
I, Hercules the conqueror of Achelousc Bosie* — a» Meleager the conqueror of the wild boar of Calydon t Legros.
6 — Grove next the rue de RivoU.
I, Hippomenes and Atalonta (in the fore-groQnd)» Apollo (in the back-ground): Lepautre, ^^ly Castor and Pollnx, with a small statue of Leda, their mother t Lepautre and Coustouy junior.—^, the centaur Nessus ; Cupid seems to make sport of the centaur, who has his- hands boimd upon his back. — Copy from the antique.
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7 — Grove nixtthe River.
1 , Apollo pui-sniop Dsq^tie (in the fai^e-gBound) ; tiie brothsrs Coueiou -, SylvftDM (10 the back-sroond) ; Ze- pmaOte. — 2^ Cleopatra queen of E^gyp^ ^ying ^J ^e •ting of an asp on her arm (on the steps leading to the terraoe) : Keller . — 3, Bacdiuf and Hercules, the latter holding the cup of Bacchus: Lepautre and Oausieuj juaior. — 4? Athletae in combat : Mugmer.—S^ the wild boar of Galydon : Jmitaiian of the antique.
% — Horseshoe Terraces^ beginning next the Seine.
I , Mnemosyne, mother of the muses and goddess of memory, holding two scrolls.— 2, Polyhjmnia, muse of rhetoric, a scroti. — ^5, Melpomene, muse of tragedy, a dagger and tragic mask. — 4> Terpsichore, muse of dancing, a lyre. — ^5, Urania, muse of astronomy, a globe. — ^Erato, muse of lyric poetry, a wind instrument and scroll of music. — 7, Euterpe, muse of music, a flute. — 8, Thalia, muse of comedy, a comic mask. —
9, Clio, muse of history, crowns of oak and laurel. —
10, Calliope, muse of eloquence and heroic poetry, a lyre . These statues iare in general of bad execution .
g-^Octagonal Besin. I, Bacchus : a cof^ from the antique. ''^j a vestal: i/^gros .—5, Hannibal of Carthage, «mqiieror of Rome. He holds die labanan or Roman standard inverted, treads the Roman ea^ and a quiver of arrows beneath his feet, and throws into an urn the rings of gold taken at the battle of Canns: Slodtz.-^i, Scipio Africanus, holding a truncheon s Coustouj senior.-^5, Agrippinat the infamons mother of IVero. The diadem she wears indicates that she was the daughter, sister, wife, and mother of emperors : copy from the aFitique.'^y Silc* nos and infant Bacchus. Between these statues are ter- mini representing the four Seasons.-^, the Nile, repre- sented ny the colossal figure of an ora man resting on a sphynx. The children playing on this ooloisus repre- senftthe t:welve rivers tributary to this stream. The socle is ornamented with bas-reliefs representing orocodilea, thehippopoUmtts, and the ibis .—8, the Rhteer, personi-
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fied by an old man holding a rudder, to indicate that it flows to the Mediterranean. The naiad pounng water from an urn is the Sadne, which falls into the Rh6ne at Lyons : Vancleue,^^ the Rhine, under the form of an old man surrounded by fruit, in tokea of the abundance he procures; he holds a rudder, to indicate that this river formerly fell into the sea. The nymph near him is the Moselle, that joins ihe Rhine at GoblenU, and the children are tributair sb^ams s Gousiouy senior. — lo, the Tiber, allegorized hj a colossal figure holding an oar, to show that thiii river is not navigable for ships. Before him is the wo^ suckling Romulus and Remus : copy from the antique, by Fancleve. — ii, Mercury as the messenger of the gods (right pier of the gate) : Cay- ^tfWJT.— 12, Fame (left pier): Coyseyox. In these two latter figures the artist has committed two capital er- rors, for the only horse known in Olympus Was Pe- gasus, who is always represented without wings or bridle, and never mounted by Mercury j and Fame has always wings, and is never placed on 4 winged horse.
PALACE OF THE LOUVRE.
The period of the first construction of tliis palace is unknown, and the origin of its name is pn^lematical. Dagobert, it is said, built upon this spot a huntin^^-seat, where he kept his horses and hounds. Under Philip Augustus, it became a kind of citadel and state prison. Charles V raised the building, and there deposited his books and treasure. It was then used for the i^eception of foreign sovereigns whovisited Paris. From Charles IX to Hem7 IV, it was the residence of the kings of France ; and under Louis XIV was appropriated to the use of various academies.
According to Piganiol, this castle, which was ori- ginally without the city walls, served as a royal country- seat, and a fortress to defend the river. The edifice, which was surrounded by a moat, was in the form of a parallelogram, and so plain that the fronts presented walls with irregular openings, and small grated win- dows, without order or symmetry. At the angks were
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THB LOUVRE. 167
loftf towers ccyrered with slate and tennimitad by Tams omamented with the arms of France. In the centre iof the principal court stood Im Tour du Louute, where the vassals of the crown came to swear allegiaace, and do homage to their sovereign ; it was likewise a prison for them, if they violated their oaths.
This Gothic structure falling into min^ in the hc»in- ning of the sixteenth centnry, Francis I delemnned to erect upon its site a palace worthy of the royal ma- jesty. The designs of Pierre Lescot were approved, and the palace was b^on in i5a8. Lescot biult that part of the western pile, called ie Fieux Umvre, which extends from the pavilion on the qoay to the central pa- vilion. Under Lonis XIIl, Lemercier constmcted the central pavilion, and the vnng contiguous. Louis XTV resolving to finish the Louvre and conbect it with the Tuileries, invited from Rome the celebrated Bernini, who had already erected some sumptuous edifices. Defects were found in his plans ; and, after some hesi- tation, Colbert adopted the designs of Ckude Perrank, who, though bred a physician, excelled as an architect. To him Paris is indebted for the magnificent colonnade on the east, which is one of the finest productions of modem architecture. Under Louis XIV and Louis XV, the Louvre being abandoned for Versailles, the piles on the north and south, to complete the quadnnsular structure, advanced but slowly, and at the time of the revolution, neither the roofs, the exterior ornaments, nor the interior distribution were heaoLn. The build- ing in every part presented signs of decay and ruin. Immense sums were required to complete it, but Bo- naparte resolved to undertake it. During fifteen years the works were carried on with activity. The Louvre, having been entirely scraped, presents the appearance of a new structure. Most of Uie exterior sculpture is finished, and the interior distribution completed.
The project formed by Henry IV, and partly executed by Louis XIV, of uniting the Louvre with the Tuileries, and clearing the area between them, so as to form a single palace, was resumed by Bonaparte ; but the difii- culty of carrying it into execution, on account of the
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two paibuaeB nol bmg upQ» the same axis» wbkli baiBed the gkUl of the arcmtects of the seventeei^ century, again pretexted ttienualves. At firsts it yf^s eonoeived that, if the lateral gallery were finished, all irregu-^ larities would disappear in the vast extent of one open space. But it was afterwards determined to admit in- termediate oonstructions on the ground which separates the two palaces. As a part of diese constructions, the Triumphal Arch, in the place du CaiTOUsel, was erected. The plan, as it regards intermediate constructions, has been abandoned.
Eastuh Fioinr, or Cou>MifASE.-^Thi& front was com- menced in 1666, and finished in 1670, after the desicms of Clande Perrault, It is five hnnored and twentj-&ve feet in lencth; and its elevation from the ground to the tep of the bahistrade is eighty^five. It is divided into two pridpal parts, the basement and the peristyle. The basement is pierced with windows. In tl^ centre is a projecting body, which is united by the peristyle to corresponding prcgections at the extremities. The pe- ristyle is composed of twenty-^ight columns, of the Co- rtnthian order, which form a gaulery The lateral pro- jectioaa are eaeh ornamented by six Corinthian pilasters, and two columns. The central projection, in which there is a passage from one part of the peristyle to the other, is decorated by eight Corinthian columns and a pediment. Upon these projections, as well as the wall of the peristyle, are medallions, with the initials J[L. Theentire front is crowned by a balustrade . The interior of the peristyles and their ceilings are richly decorated with foliage and other ornaments . The tympanum of the pediment is ornamented with a fine bas-mief, seventy- four feet in length, executed by Lemot, in 181 1 . The bust c^ Louis XrV * occupies the most elevated point of this composition. Minerva is placing it upon a pedestal ; and Clio, the Muse of History, is writing below it the words-— LuDOVico Magho. At the foot of the pedestal is a sitting figure of Victory. On the right, besides Clio, ai-e Thalia, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, and Urania. On
• This bust was formerly that of Napoleon.
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iheleft, aie tiie mt of the tmitcs, Minera, Cupid, md France.
The bdb-relief above the grand door is by Gartellier, ^nd represents Fame dirtribating crowns. She is in a car drawn by foor horses, conducted bj winged Genii. The gates of this entrance, made by order of Napoleon, are probably the most splendid in Europe. They are ornamented with bronze In the richest and most magni- ficent style.
SouTBKasr Fioirr.— -This front, built after the designs of Clande Perranlt, consists of a basement, similar to that of the colonnade, on which rises a range of 4o Co- rinthian pihwters. The bas-relief which decorates the pediment is by Frontin, and represents two Muses bearing the attributes of the Arts and Sciences, and snpportiiig the arms of France . Below it are two figures of Fame, crowning a hefanet.
Nomuif Fbost.— -This was begun by Lemercier. It consists of a basement, a first story decorated with handscnoie windows, and an attic. Althou^ composed of irregular projections, and only ornamented with cor- nices and pediments, it forms a handsome entrance to the court, frcffn the me du Goq. The pediment over the gate is decorated with a bas-relief, by Montpellier, re«- presenting a trophy of arms.
WsOTESif Fioirr. — ^This front, which is the oldest, being that begun by Francis I, is less handsome and rich than the others. It is decorated with cornices, pediments and vermiculated rustics. The pediment, by Montpellier, represents military trophies, with a shield baring the arms of France.
Court.— The court of the Louvre is a perfect square, one thousand six hundred feet in circumference, en- closed with four piles of building. Besides the four grand gates that lead into the court from the street, there are q4 doors leading from the apartments, sur- mounted by circular windows ornamented with allegori- cal figures in bas-^rehef . Some idea of the magnificence of this structure, next the court, may be formed when it is stated that, besides the sculpture, mai^le tablets, and
i5
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niches, of which there is a profiuioii in every part, it is ornamented with no fewer tlian 538 Corinthian columns and pilasters. In the centre of the pile, to the west.» is a lofty pavilion decorated with eight colossal cariatides by Sarrasin. The rest of this front forms six projecting bodies ornamented with sculpture. The figures above the doors are by Jean Goujon. Those of the pediments of the small projections on the left, represent Piety, Victory, Justice, Fame, and Streugtli, by P. Ponce. The pediments on the right were executed in 1810. In the first, next the pavilion, is Legislation, under the
Sj^ure of a woman holding the tables of the law, by oitte. Below, in the attic, are figures of Moses, Numa, Isis, and Manoo^Capac, the legislator of the Peruvians. In the pediment, which forms the centre of this wing, are Victory and Abundance crowning a shield, on which is a serpent with its tail in its mouth, an emblem of eter- nity, by RoUand. In the baM^liefs of the attic are Strength and Wisdom, and two alle^rical figures, of the ISile and the Danube. The third pediment, to- wards the angle of the court, represents Heroic Poetry, under the figure of a winged female holding a trumpet and a lyre,.by Chaudet. In the attic, are Homer, Virgil, and two Genii.
The buildings of the three other piles which flank the court were constructed after the designs of Perrault, but as he left no account of the ornaments he meant to employ, they we^e executed under the direction of Gabriel.
The bas-relief of the pediment of the southern pile represents Minerva encouraging the arts and sciences, and receiving their homage, by Lesueur. That of the northern pile is by Ramey, and represents the Genius of France substituting for the arts of wai- tiiose of legis- lation, navigation, and commei'ce. Upon the pediment at the back of tlie colonnade is the Gallic cock, supported by two allegorical figmnes, by Goustou.
Interior. — Fom* spaciouis vestibules, ornamented with columns and sculpture, lead to the apartments of the I^ouvre, which raav also be entered bv doors from
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the cooil. Within a few jears, many of the rooms have been superUj decorated and appropriated to different uses. Tne apartments of the eastern pile are principally occnpied as work-rooms for artists. From time to time they arc appropriated to the sahn or exhibition of the recent productions of masters, npon the same plan as that at Somerset-Honse, but npon a much more exten* sive and splendid scale, and the pnblic are admitted
rtis . The vestibule is ornamented with two bas-reliefs Jean Goujon. Doors on the right and left* lead to spacious galleries, paved with marble. The former is oiled Galerie de Henri IF^ and sometimes Sallt des FrangaiSy oh account of the marble statoes of the illus- trious warriors that adorn it. These statues are, Gond£, by Rolfand; Turenne, by Pajou ; TourviUe, by Houdon ; Dnquesnc, by Monnot; Luxembourg, by Mouchy ; Vau- ban, byBridan; Duguay-Trouin, byFoucou; Bayard, by Bridan; Dt^mmier, by Chandet; Custine, by Moitte; Galinat, by Dejoux ; and Caf&relli, by Massou. Over the doors are trophies in bas-reliefs, by Petitot, with a statue of Victory. The gall^ on the left, contains columns of costly marble and ahtique statues in niches. At the extremities * of these sodleries are two grand staircases perfectly similar, buut of the choicest stone, and deco- rated with Corinthian columns. The staircase to the right is ornamented with eight bas-reliefs, which oc- cupy thd lonefta. They ar^ Justice and Strength, by Gerard; two warriors, by Gallamard; Agriculture and Commerce, by Taunay ; the Genius of the Arts, and that of the Sciences, by Fortin. At the top of the staircase is'Ajax, by Dupaty, and Aristteus, by Bosio.
The eight bas-reliefs which decorate the staircase to the left, represent Vulcan and Fame, by Dumont; Nep- tune and Ceres, by Bridan; Jupiter and Juno, by Char- din; Fortuna, or Bonus Eventus, and a woman sur- rounded with the gifts of the blind goddess, by Montoni. ^Fhe apartments of the first floor of the southern pile form, with the king's apartments in Hie Tuileries, an iininteiTUpted suite of ix>oms on a level, connected
aIo- * In this description the reader is sappofted to he in the cor
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together by the grand gallery of the Museum. * Tlidti ensemble beiag about a quarter of a league ia client, is unique in it^ appearance, both as to lengtb and dis- position. They are occupied wit^ the treasures of te Mus^ Charles X. t^ The ground floor on the ri^ht k appropriated to a part of the valuable maibles or the Mus^e BpyaL The rooms on the left are used hy artists employed in taking casts in plaster. Tlie rooms on the first floor were fonnerly devoted every two or three years to the exhibitloa of tlie productions of French industi*jr, but the last exhibition that took place was held in tem- porary booths erected for that purpose in the coui^.
The Fieux Louvre in y^e^tem jpile is occupied on the ground floor in part as a gallery for a fui*ther portion of Uie marbles of the Blusde Royal ; and in part as at mu- seum called (ktierie iTJiigouI^me, $ On the first n€H>r is a spacious room called SaHe des Gardes d Henri Xf^^ whei'e the speech from the throne is delivered at the opening of tin session of the Chambers. The other prin* cipal rooms, four in number^ are appropriated to tho use of the council of state. The splendid decorations of these rooms entitle them to a particular description, especially as they ai^e accessible to sti^angers. The en* trance to them is by the vestibule next the rue du Coq. The i*ooms are shown in the following otxler : — The antechamber. Pictures : — Philip Augustus before the battle of Bouvines, by Horace Yemet; the clemency of Augustus towards Cinna, and his acoomplices, by Booii. Ion ; the clemency of Marcus Aurelius towards the I'ebeis of his Asiatic provinces, by Guillemot; two allegoricaj figures, the one of History and the other of Theology, by Hesse ; four allegorical figures of Peace, Justice, Force, and the Law, by &as8ies. Above the doors are £gypt, Greece, Italy, and France, by Dubutle. On the ceiling is seen History recording the exploits of the battle of Boo- viaes^ this magnificent production is sufrt)unded by la figures in imitation of marUe, supporting festoons of fruit painted to resemble bronze \ above them are four
the * ^^^ ^""^^ BoyaL f See Muaee Charles X.
% See Galerie d'Angoul^me.
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THB LOVVAE. 1^3
i^enii refM^esenti^ the Sckmcat^ the Aits, Agricoltui^ ' ancl Commerce, by GaMies.*— 2, The Graf tie Salle du ConseiL Oa the ceiling is i*epre8eflited France amidst the kings who have given her laws and hei* most distinguished ^uriscoasults, receiving the charter. Louis XVIIl, seated upon the throne of St. Louis, is attended by Prudence And Justice. The goddess of wisdom protects with her sliield that charter which she has just dictated, and at the same time presents the olive-branch of peace. Law » supports his tables , on which are engi^aven : — In legibus solus; at his feet, a sleeping in£uit reposing upon tlie codes, indicates the secui'ity they inspire. Oik the righ, are seen Louis XIV,Coibert, d'Aguesseau, Montesquieut and Lamoignon de Malesherbes; and on the left, Ueniy I Y , St. Louis, Louis-Ie-Gros, Sully, tlie abb^Suger, Seguier, I'Hdpital and Mol^. The palace of the Tuileries af^>ears in the back-ground. The frame of this splendid compo- sition is formed by eight paintings in imitation of bas- reliefe, repi^esentin^ : — Louis4e-Grros gi*anting the ilrst charters to the parishes ; St. Louis giving the Pi'agma- tic-Sancti(Mi ; Louis XVIII maintaining the liberty of worship ; the creation of the council of state by Louis XTV ; the emancipation of the serfs by Louis-le-Gros ; the creation of the chambers by Louis XYIII ; the in- stallation of the pariemens by St. Louis ; and tlie court of accounts, created by Philippe-le-Bel. The foui* groups, which separate these bas-reliels, are : — the Ge- nius of the Laws, displaying the charter to Faith and Hope; Plenty; Piety and Fidelity; and Charity. At the an^es are the arms c^ France, grouped with eiglit allegorical figures, namely : Mars, Neptune, Vulcan, Hercules, Constancy, Mei*cury, Apollo and Silence. Over the doors are Lycurgus, Solon, Numa and Moses ? ^ the whole of the above paintings are by Bk>ndel. The other pictures are : — ^the death of president Duranti, by Delaroche ; the death of president Brtsson, by Gassies ; the heroic firmness of St. Louis, by Guillon Lethi^ ; St Louis administering Justice under an oak, by Rou- get; Cardinal Mazarin, on his death-bed, presenting Colbert to Louis XIV, by Schnetz ; the consul Beotius imprisoned in the tower of Pavia, by order of Theodo-
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rick, taking leave of his daughter and his grandson, Jjc- forche is led to execution, by Schnetz ; the Barricadc^s, Jbv Thomas ; the sixteen in the presence of the pariemeniy by Thomas. — 3, Salle du ComitSdu Conientieux. The ceiling presents Law, descending upon the eai'th, to establish her empire and spread her blessings around ; this, as well as the figures and oi*naments analogous to the subject, by which it is surrounded, are by Drolling. The pictures ai^: — Numa giving laws to the Romans, J>y Gogniet ; allegorical figures ot Force, and Vigilance, by Dassy ; the Emperor Justinian composing his law^s, by Delacix)ix ; Moses, as legislator, by Marigny ; and Charlemagne presenting the Capitularies to the assem- bly of the Francs, by SchefFer, senior. Above the doors are four allegorical figures by Caniinade, representing the genii of Numa, Moses, Justinian and Charlemagne. 4) Salle des Conferences. The subject of the ceiling is divine Wisdom giving laws to Kings and Legislators, . surrounded by analogous figures and ornaments, by Mauzais&e. The pictures are : — Justice conducting Plenty and Industry to the Earth, by Alaux; Justice watching for the impose of tlie world, by Alaux et Pierre Franque ; the Genius of the Aii:s, by Coutan ; Wisdom, under tlie figure of Minerva, pointing out the futui^ to legislators for the reward and sanction of their labours, by Colson ; an allegorical figure of War, by Dejuinne ; Peace establishing the reign of Justice and bestowing Plenty upon the earth, by Lancrenon ; Innocence taking refuge in the arms of Justice, by Steuben. Above the doors : the Genius of the Laws, by Colson ; a ^nius carrying armour, by Dejuinne ; the Genius of Peace, . by Lancrenon y and an allegorical figure of Foix%, by Steuben.
The pile of building on the noith is occupied in part by the governor of Sie Louvre. Tlie rooms on the ground-floor of the other part are appropriated as of- fices for architects and wo]*k-rooms for aiiists; those on the first floor are devoted to the treasures of the'Afji- s^e Dauphin.*
' See Mttsee Dauphin.
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PALAIS-ROYAL. 1^5
Admission to view the rooiiM of the Council of State is easily obtained by strangers, upon addressing a letter (post paid), for that puifiose, to Monsieur ie gouvemeur du Louvre.
PiOAIS-HOYAL. This name is given to the residence of the Duke of Oi-leans, and the garden with its surrounding galleries. The ancient hotel of the constable d'Armagnac and the h6tel de RambouiUet, formerly stood ^pon the ground now occupied by the Palais-Royal. This palace, built by Cardinal Richelieu, ¥ras originally a mere hotel, called kdtel de Richelieu. As the minister's power increased, his residence was enlarged, and in a few years arose a magnificent palace. It was beffun in 16:19, after the designs of Lemercier, and finished in i63Q> when it took the name of Palais-CardifuU. Tl^ piles of building are separated by two courts. The second court, being iri*egiuar, and its aiis not corresponding with that (h the first court, will ever be a defect. After having decorated his palace with all the magnificence which the arts could supply, the Cardinal ^ve it, in ifiSg, to Louis XIII, reserving only the enjoyment of it to himself for his life. In i643, Louis XIU and the Cai^ dinal being bodi dead, Anne of Austria, regent of the kingdom, quitted the Louvre with her son Louis XIV, and the royal family, and took up her residence at the Palais-Cardinal, which then assumed the name of Pa- laiS'Rcyal. At this time was formed the place in front of the ]>alace. When Louis XIV became of a^, he ceded the Palais-Royal for life to his brother Philip of France; and at his death, in 1692, gave, it to Philip of Orleans, his nephew, upon his marriage with Mile, de Blois. The Palais-Royal was afterwards several times enlarged and embellished, and, in 1 763, upon the de- struction of the theatre in the right wing by fire, the front was rebuilt. The galleries which surround the garden wei« erected in 1786, except that on the south, which was built in 1820.
The Palais-Royal and its dependencies have been th?
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theatre of many remarludde political scenes. Dudng the war of the Fronde^ it being the residence of the court, the intrigues of Masarin wei^ carried on within its walls. Un&r the i^gency of the Duke of Orleans, during the minority of Louis XY, it was the scene of the most scandalous ^'tes. At the same period, it be- came the hiding place of Law, whose financial system had exasperated the populace against him. At the commencement of the Revolution, the late Duke of Or* leans having assumed the name of J^galU^y the Palais- Koyal changed its title for that of PaUUs^gatiid. After the execution of that prince, on the i4th of November, 1703, his palace was converted into side-rooms, cafds^ bail-rooms, and apartments for oambling. A spacious hall was also fitted up for the sittings of the THbunat. The president and the two qnestors lived in the palace, which was then named Palais du Tribunai. When Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor, the name of Palais- Royal was restored. On the return of Louis XVUI, in 1 8 14) the Duke of Orleans took possession of the palace of his ancestors.
At the Revolution, a great part of the buildings which ■ form the gaUeries was sold as national property, and now belongs to private individuals . At the restoration, the unsold property reveited to the Duke of Orleans, who is generally the purchaser when any other part is announced for sale.
During the interregnum of Louis XYIII, by the return of Napoleon from the isle of Elba, his brottier Lucien Bonaparte arrived at Paris, established himself at the Palais-Royal, and there received the ministers and grand dignitaries, some of whom had recently taken the oath of allegiance to the king. Upon the second return of the king, the Duke of Orleans regained possession of his property in the Palais-Royal.
It was in the garden and gaUeries of the Palais-Royal that the first revolutionary meetings were held, and the tri-coloured cockade adopted, in 1789. On the 5d of May, 1 791 , the Pope was burnt in eSLgj here. On the a 7th of July, 1792, the marquis de La Fayette was burnt in effigy; and at the same period M. d'£q>remenil,
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coonciUor of the paHemenL, was stri|^pcd and plunged iDlo the basio. A iigare i^presentiog a member of the Jacobin dub was bui*ned here on the a6th of January, i^gS, and its ashes thrown into the common sewer of Montaiartre, over which was placed the inscription — PaniMom^e la Soci^id des Jacobins.
Flacm vo Palais^Royal. — ^In 1640, Cardinal Richelieu parcfaased tbie h^tel de Sillery, which stood in front of Ids palace, with the intention of pulling it down, and forming an area upon its site. The project was not executed till after his death, when a small area was Conned, aad a guard-house constructed. This place was eolarged in 1719, by the regent Duke of Orleans, who also erected, amr the designs of Robert de Cotte, the ChiUemi^^Eau^ which supplies water to the foun- tains in the garden of the IHiileries and that of tlie Palaia-Royal. This edifice consists of a pile of building adorned with ▼emiculated rustics, and flanked with two pavilions, forming together a front lao feet in length. In the centre is a projecting body, decorated wiui four Doric columns, which support a pediment with the arms of France. Above, are two statues, by Goufltou, one of which represents the Seine, and the other the !^^ymph of the fountain of Arcneil.
Pajlacb. — ^In 1765, upon the destruction of the theati*e erected by Garmnal Richelieu, the Duke of Orleans charged Moreau to rebuild it, as well as the entii*e mass of buildinfi which smrounds the first court. The en- trance is formed by three wooden gates covered with rich ornaments, united to two pavilions, which form tlie wings by a wall pierced with poi*ticoes. The pavilions ai*e decorated, at the ground-floor, with Doric columns, and at the ^rst floor with Ionic columns, crowned witli triangular pediments, in which ara figures suppoiHing the arms of the house of Orleans. The figures in the pediment to the left, are Prudence and Liberality ; and in that to the right, Strength and Justice. Beneath tlve pavilions are two galleries skirted witli shops ; that on the right, on entering the gate, is <;alled Galerie des Ofiices, and that on the left, GaleHe de Nemours. The pile wkich foi^ms the front has a central projection, dc-
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I^S PALACBS:
corated with Doric and Ionic columns, crowned hy ;i pediment, in which are two figures supporting a clock . The attic is surmounted by military trophies sustained by Genii.
The vestibule between the couits is decorated -with Doric columns. To the Ici^ is a guard-honse, and a gallery leading to the apartments oi the Duke de Cfaar- tres, the principal entrance to which is at the opposite extremity; to the right is the gi*and staircase. The front towards the second court is nearly in the same style as the former. It presents two projecting masses, each ornamented with eight fluted Ionic columns., resting upon a basement and crowned by an attic. The co- lumns of the projection on the right are surmounted by four statues, by Pajou, representing Mars, Apollo, Pru- dence, and Liberality. The statues of that on the left are, the Genius of Astronomy, Beneficence, Geres, and Navigation. The centre of the front has four corres- ponding columns crowned by vases. On the right of the second court extends a range of building which formed part of the palace erected by Gardinal Richelieu. It consists of arcades surmounted by Doric pilasters. The intervals are decorated with sculpture, representing the sterns of ships and other naval emblems, in allusion to the office of superintendant-general of navigation, held by the Gardinal. A covered gallery skirted with shop, and a terrace supported by columns, and finished with a balustrade crowned with vases, extends on each side of the court. Between this court and the garden, on the site of the old wooden gallei*y, so long a disgrace lo this superb edifice, is a gaUeiy of stone, built in 1 829, of which the shops, columns, terrace, etc., correspond with those on the sides of the court. The galleries are enclosed with palisades and iron gates fixed between the columns, and at night the whole is lighted with ^s.
Tntebior.— On the nght of the vestibule, in entering from the place du Palais-Royal, is the grand staiixasc, under a lofty dome ornamented with sculpture. The original designs of the staircase were by Desorgues, and upon its reconstruction they were but slightly departed from. The first twelve steps lead to a landing from
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PALAI8-AOYAL . I ^q
^^vliich spring two opposite tlights of staii*$y commani- csftting with a spacious landing in front of the state apart- ments. This staircase is universally admired, and its iLTODL raiUAg bjCorbin is considered a chef^ceintre of ^Tvorkmanship. It is also decorated with two groups in l>roiize of Genii bearing palm-branches surmounted by lamps. The apartments of the Palais-Royal are remark- ad>le for their extent and magnificence.
The fii-st room is ihe Salle des Aides^de-Campy which is lighted by two windows looking to the first court. The curtains and furniture are crimson silk. Among tilie pictures, those most entitled to notice are: — ^Lorenzo de Medicis, surrounded by his family and celebrated personages, hy Maiizaisse ; Gustavus Vasa at tlie Diet of Sweden, in i56o, hy Hersent; Philip Augustus, before the battle o{ Bonvines, by Blondell; Cssar, going to the senate on the day of his assassination -, and William Tell quitting the boat of Gessler . It also contains sevei*al portraits, landscapes, and views of ruins. — ^The Salle de RSceptioHy ^hicli is decorated with yellow silk cui*tains and furniture, has one window looking to the fii*st conrt. It contains a considerable number of fine pic- tures, a description of which would far exceed the limits of a Guide. On the right is a door leading to the grand gallery, which consists of thi*ee spacious rooms, each having three windows, overlooking the second court. The curtains and furniture are red and yellow, and blue and yellow. These rooms are splendidly ornamented with statues, figures, busts, vases,candelabra, lustres, time pieces, tables, etc. The number of pictures they contain is very great. In the first room the visitor will observe a series of scenes in the eventful life of the Duke of Orleans, from the period when he taught ge<3igraphy in a school, during the emigration, to his return to Paris at the restoration. In the second lOom are a number of portraits of the fa- mily of the present duke of Orleans . Among the pictures in the third room are four by Horace Vernet, representing the battles of Montmirail, Jemmappes, Valmv, and Ha- nau. Beyond the grand gallery is a small room, in which is a curious table of peti^iued'wood found in the park of Randau, the seat of Mademoiselle of Orleans.
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I Bo 1»AL4CCS:
This room leads to a splendid gallei^, omamented wi^ columns in stueco with bases and»*tatpilals gil3t» •«S'h^ furniture is blue and yellows In thsil^kannala 'awi^at series of paintings rcpresenting4he priiifc)|Mi eventMhat have occun'cd at the Palais-Rliyal^ffromlits erectioH byl cardinal Richelieu, to the presentalstfn oCi BisniMmn Franklin to Philip duke of Oiieans'y^tipOQ th«idteolftaatioD of the independence of Ameimi. The visiHAr vfiU Uten return to the SalU de R^c'eptionhy theepsLtti. ^;jliiy|ttud, taking a door on the n|;bt/will enter Uie duk«'« ^vftasiBg- room, which containra toati&erablABuin^itr of fiioftferes. Beyond is the duke's 8tudy,'>i9rliJ4b|rt«sesfes a fine col- lection of fbnily portraits^ idoludttlg ctJhrotolot many of the kings9r of France. i«' . • »*oi * ja it**
The smove are all the rObms genenAff shown 10 stnlii- gers, but as the others may beHisitedAifAn obtahfhig a special permission, we /shall vobt omitii^descripllftm of I them. '« • ' ''1 • -.T'VH •♦if/sqjeii*! !
The duke's bed-chamber ift {ilaih ; thl9l)ed-himgfilgs, curtains, and furniture are of yellow silk. Qn tllMlides of the bed are several portraits of celebrated Women. The library contains abotit i^^ooo volmn^s, Ttkhjd ; which are beautlfidly bound. '»The conMti4N;h^Mbel^ is small, but ornamented f\i!Ai taste. ' The hancitlg#%i« blue and yellow, and th^ furniture yelloip^'. Nearly ^ the pictures are ancient portraits. It conCAinsfti beiti- tiful bureau of French wood. r * t -
The anti-chamber of the state apaftments, looks tow^nds the second court, and is Ornamented Vith s^ulptuped . pannels, bronzed and gilt. This leads to the ^SatHfde Societd, an elegant room which receives light i)y four windows, and is adorned with yellow haif^ngs and furniture. Tbc Galerie dor^e is not excelled by any room in Paris for its excellent disposition, elegance, and splendour. It is sixty-three feet in length lay thitiy- three in breadth, and has eight windows towards the second court. Opposite the windows are frames to correspond, fitted up with looking-glass. A range of Corinthian columns, enriched with dead gold from the capitals to the middle of the shafts, extends the whole length of the gallery and produces a magical effect. The •
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PALAi»-ROyAL. r8i
^ODW are Attfeii up wHli leokino-gkiieB, and siii^
' bj IwmKgfa in mavUe. The fomitore and
^ _ ^ afre blae. When tiiis room is lighted i^ widi tliri w^gnifinirt Intlres Itet adorn k, the dazzling splen- door w alinoit iaMpportahle. The Saiom bieu dt Im P0^mi&$B m sfltttt. The walk ave covered with rich jbltae tHHk dfaoBMk of Lyons nano&rtore. At the extre* niltf li»fitM length portrait of the Duke, by Gerard. \%pomtm» aAK> a host of the Qoeen of Naples^ several sap«fl» eattddabw, and MMe ancient vaies of S^vrea porcAutt. TiM hci-chamlwr of Ike Duke and Daeheas i04M*MaaMteitn«tM^priBi»lyitylewitlirtch hanglngi ItMHrep, ctiiMMii^ la. The dinin»>roQnlookf towards tkv MS dt Vdtii. It is deeetmted with twelve Corin- tiiAivorfiuins, wWch, as well as the walls, are painted in* sciiooo. the enitainrars searlet. From this room a staiKMi leadk int» liie me de Yaloie.
Tlse a|Mimminti usually shown may be seen upon ap- fjMoation, by Mker, to die Chevalier de Broval> at the P&laie41oy«il.
Gaimm Aif» GALLRiB8.-^The gardm formed by Gar- dinal Richelieii was mush more extensive than the pre- sent one. it was a parallelogram of one thousand and twolSeet by fioor hundred andthirty-two, extending over the me de Valois, the me de Montpensier, and the rue de B(»«yolaifr. Its princ^ ornament was a wide shady alley of chesnnt trees, whidi formed regidar arches. Tlaeie trees had been mrsd at an expense m more than 5oo,oee livres, as the cardinal had circles of iron fixed* t0 train aH Iheir principal branches. The garden con- tainedan orangery, a riding-scfaoc^ and two basins ; but being without order or symmetry, it wm replanted by the regent in i^So, and adorned with statues. The cardinal's original plan was to erect round* this garden, ranges of symmetrical houses, with three principal en- trances ; one from the rue de Richelieu ; another from the rue des Petits-Ghamps; and the third from the rue des Bon»£niin». This pfam was in part carried into execution in 1781, under the direction of Of. Louis, by tiie late duke ef Orleans, for the purpose of forming shops on the ground-floor, and places of entertainment,
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etc., ia *he «pper stoiies. A cu-<mg destined fbr the meetings of various societies, and driMnatic representa- tions, erected in tlie centre, Mras l^urutdown in 1798. To carry the plan into execution tke garden was Jaid waste, the fine tr^s felled, and the orangery destro^A.
The garden is nowjsui'roiuided pn^thnte sides by. s^^pp- metrical piles of huHdingin sto^yie^ fom^storief ^ hei^bt, decorated with festoons, bas-i*eliefs, and Uuled .pS^ ten of the composite oitler. The pihistavs faij^NHtMn entablature, which is pierced wi|th.i windows, .and crowned by a bahistrad^ ornavented with larife ^nees. On the sround floor is a .g^Uery pierced with, one )|^- died and eighty ai^cades. An arcadfi from .top^ to, bottom lets for 8000 fr. a year, aja^ ^ ^^9P on the .(pxHUid-Qcrw for about 3ooe fr. The cellars ai;e ^Uf> l^tiaj^ ^an. epiW^ mous rent. On the fourth side fs a splendid tiftAe gallery called Galerie d'OMans^ erected in iS'iS. It contains two rows of shops handsomely omaw^i^ with ))ainting, sculpture, and laokiog-gb^es, pof^ 4X>w looking to the central gallery and the coui-t, and the other to the gallery and the garden, fhe bnsadth of the central gallei7 is very [preat; i^ is enti^t^ly poverod with glass, and tbe pavement is qf marble ;i tb^. Jlai||||<( are elegant, and when lighted with gaSr jk pi^eseol^.a truly magnificent af^arance. The gallevy tcrwiuateft at each extremity in an ar^a adorned with cpUupps and skirted with shops. The front next the g^cd^u, presents a gallery surmounted by a terracct/rqwned wi^i^ bi^lus* trade and vases, and supported by 28 cohunjgm, opno^te which are oon^esponding columns ; between the iat|er are fixed the shop-windows, all of which, are of.braas; the thiini gallery, which is next the couil:, has ,beep j^l- ready desci4bed. The entire circuit of the gallerie^^ more than a quarter of a league. ^ ..,„ . . t
The garden, which forms a parallelograua of ^fea hundred feet by three hundred, was vepiapted, m, V799 by the proprietors of the buildings. The walks are gravelled and skirted by lime-trees. Ia the centre is a fountain and basin, constructed in 1817, at the expense of the duke of Orleans. The basin, of a. circulai* form, is sixty-one feet in diameter^ and two in depth. The
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PALAJS*mOYAL. lB5
^Wftter, which i8"sup])Ued by the canal de TOurcq, liies to'^the hei^t of forty-nine feet, and falls in the fynxk' of a' w^eat-^heaf, 'jpre^ting ^ lively and beau- tifdl "Uppeatittce. ' On tWo sides of the basin are gr**^ pIdtSy boAiered Vritli fIower«beds, enclosed within a dtivff wire ralKng: in one of them is a bi*onze statue of ApoUt}; a' miridien'd d^nhation^ which, when the sun tMM» u{k^ii it, discharge a small cannon exactly at vMiAt^\%M.%xkQ/0\(^mir^idien upon a new and curious ptrmcipie. Inthlsbtlier is a bronze stsitue of Diana.
Tbe gard^ of the Pafo^-Royal is one of the most frequented l^t^ in Paris, -Ming a place of general resort both for b«tght8H aiid pleastire. "^ear the galleries at each end ai»e elbgant pavilidh^, at two of which news- pto^rs'^re let oWfco read.
ht-^iie foriifiant chops' of the galleries is to be found merchandise of'evei-y Kind, tiie richest stufis, most prebiotift'ttinl«ts, maatei-pieces of clock-work, and the tlMMt MM>dem ]>^oductioti^ of the arts. Here fashion has eslallliihed her empire, and reigns over the metropolis and Prance, -fey the side of magnificent ea/^s, are skops which supplj every dainty an epicure can desire, and cottfectaorters who display sweetmeats and prepa- ratSl^nif of» sngar in every tbrnli and of every flavour. Should' tHe' traveller be in want of clothes, a seUer of readjf tMit suits will supply him with every aitide in. Die* highest style of fashion. Have his inferior gar- ments Offered by the mud, which abounds in the sti^eets of P^s^ .he enters the neat little shop of a ddcroiteur fshoe-bkckj, is seated on a form covered ^ith velve% the joamals of the day are put into his hand, and in a few mom^ts not only do his boots rival the lustre of tiie mirror, but every office of the valet is performed with expertmess. Should the wants of nature impe- riously urge their claims, he will find, near the shops, wreral retreats, that will offend neither the visual nor ^ oHactoiy nei*ves of the most fiaistidious, and into whicli he may gain admittance for the trifling sum of **M«e8ous, and be supplied with a sufficient portion of the works of those audfeors whose lucubrations have been doomed by the public to assist in the mysteries of
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Cloacioa. * Money -chaDgers, porti^it-paiaters, gravers, and china-seUers invite every one to ^ivti/j their fancy. Astonisheii and danded at 4l»e jdiaplay ol{ w^h splendid articles, strangers should be <mn^9it9fy\ On their guard in a spot where they will of «oara» lie | asked a iiigh price ibr every thing they wisk %> fmr- j chase, and where they wiU geaictrajly he aUe to ohiaiD I a considei^le rednction fi^m the or^nal demaufd. This caution is applicable to most of the PstrtiMa trmdm- men . The cellars are occupied by resim4ruieurs^.€MiMfi smoking-rooms (e^tanuitets)y and ohsoehe geneswei^ In the upper stories are likewise re^UuiH^Ueurs^ tmfky petty exhibitions, billiard-stables, ajatd ga«abUn|[-l)MMi. The galleiies being sheltered from the weather, anif ihe garden almost always affording a dry or shfidy iraJk, have their attractions at ail seasons of the year nA at all hours of the day. ' "
The Galene ttOMartf has peculiar i^ttracfioiis, nd is more crowded in the evening than the others an winter, on account of its warmt|i.
Some of the refiauranf in the Palais-Royal are among the most &mous and frequented jkn Paris ; their lardeissftw choice, their bills of fare long, and their dining-rooms as elegant as any in the capital. ' The best are Ymj% the Fi'^res Paoven^aux, and the caU deChartres, ia^Ae north gallery; Prevot's, and the cafi§ de P^icond, ia that towards the west. There ai*e in the Palus-Royal several r&siauraUurs who give a dinner, tnchiding wiae* f^r two francs per head. (See resimuxUeurs in Juario-
^UCTION.)
The Palais-Royal, whkh may he called the 4tsoinl point of Parisian amusements, contains a great nnmher of cmj^s, in all of Which re(reslimentB are sold at the same price. Coffee, tea, 4^ocolate, etc. are of «&o0HcBt ' quality. A demU4asse of cofiee casts 8 sous, a i^ass of cogniac brandy iw5^ a glass oiUqueur 8 and upwards, a carafe of lemonade, ong[eat, or bavaroise, 1 5, mice i5 or ao, and a tea breakfast 56 sous.
* For a list of the cabinets tTaiMmneetf see the tod of ifce
IRAKIS DlBBCT4>RT.
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PALAIS-AOYAL. * l85
TlM ctM§ of 4ie Pabw-Royal are aMMliifBly ui tlM
The foltowing are Oiofe moft entitled to notice : — * - ^idf jFW.-— thb wan tbe first eafi! €0lablMbed in H' 5. n-J^^ ^m^ i, ^ 9f^^ ^'^'^ ^^ Paris. It is [ thiui aifoy ckhers. Iwt few lia w a rapi^ fS^ ao aa&rtaotia),^^ , '/:
/2|^ 4<f "^ •ji0A'f>«<^rT^ called from a rotanda in fr^fafj£j|iroj^figinto In tbe fommer,
this c€mn9» the^pr}yilege <^ serving vitilors at tables set ouVm the iprcben. ^
Tng gg^tow^toj ^Jl^t ^°" OrMtHi yidd to none m^!e Pa^i^^oyd for uSe eiodl^noe of ibe refrvshmenCs i|rl4<^ 4re s^rvi^ U^f
^^Cfi/^ ^Jj^^'^ir^^^nfSdn should certainly visit tiiis cafii vr^i^ i{vaa onoe a tbMire occupied by the company ofMadcmoiadle llontaiuier» and wnare petty comedies, Top^^aQcimKt and pantonimes are now performed. Tbe pit baf heen ra^HScTto the level of the first tier of boxes, and ue two other tiers of boxes preserved. It is decorated wi|h pain|tiog,igilding, and mifron^ and the only pay '- meot for the speciacu is a^ extra charge upon tbe arti« f^'^ of r^l}39b|n^t. It is much frecpented, chiefly by lapi^ '6f ^x virtue, pat^ tradesmen, and Parisian dan* dies of tb^^U^ird order.
C^ ^« ^tffi^gi^M.rpTbia i»/if« situated in the north galtenr, iin^r ^eeafSLm^m, is subterranean, and is so^cailedjJIijfii^iiae tbe orcliestra is entirely composed of bljij^fl^e^^ vf bo come every night from the hoipke das Quiiue^ymgts. k taan here personates a savage by gri^djuig ai^ raving, and beating a drum like a mad- man^lp the infinite delist of the spectators. This emfi is frequented in the evening by women of the town. $
Ti\mTe are likewise on the first floors of several houses of t^e PalfMs Royal, >oinc svqicrlor smoking establish^
*'*nl«'l)^M^ splendid €^f6de$ MiUt Colonnt is now con- verted into a ganHng-hoasc.
% la the nie M ontcMpiieu^ a MreeC contiguous to the Palais- Boral, is the Caweau, a subteitanean cafe, upon the same prin- ciple as the etif6 d«M Aveu^Ut, with iu oreliestni and sayagef and which b frequented by the same kind of company.
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itK PALACBS:
meats (eftemmtff), where, besides every aiti^ sold ooffee4ioa8es, yoa are accommodated 'with pipeM segars/ • •
There are in the Pahis Royal, at tlie opposite <ftmttc4 mities, two shops renowned for comestibles, i^lflicnd every prodoction of nature, every conibinMioi^ ol the gastronomic art, solid or liquid, may he<lmd : the' one at the north extremity of the eastern gallery, cclM the Qoumumd, is keptbyCorcellet; the other, "bdiiiid the Th^tre-Francais, by CheveL ' v«''-
As the Palais-Hoyal may be considered the centn/ point of the Maisons de Jeuy or gambling-hooses, we shall here' give a brief sketch of them. Their mliiijbi^ in this pbce is four, viz. Nos. 1 15, • 1*19, and* >i 54,'ilKtlM^ eastern gallery, and No. 36, in' "the western M <7%e apartments which they occupy are spacious. In Ae ante-chamber are persons catted bouledoguBs (bulMogs^, whose business it is to prevent the entrance of oMin marked individuals, and young men under ai y«ttt(A age. In the same room are men to feoeive hots, >um- brellas, etc. who give a number, which is restored iipoa going out. » " •
The ante-chamber leads to the several gaming rooms, furnished with tables, round which are seated the in- dividuals playing, called ponies (punters), who are furnished with cards and pins to mark the rouge and noiry or the number, in order to regulate their game. At each end of the table is a man called bout-de^iabiei' who puslies up to the bank the money lest. In the middle of the table is the man v^o draws the cards. These persons, in the reign of Louis XIV., wefe called coupeursde bourses (purse-cutlers) ; they ai*e now deno- minated tailieurs* Afier having drawn the cards, they make known the result as follows : — Rouge gagne ei couleurperd — Rouge perd et couleur gagne'.
At rouleUe, the taiUeurs are those'vrho put the ball in motion and announce the i*esult.
At passc'^ix, every time the dice are thrown, the
* For restaurant Mndcafiss in other parts of PariSi sec Irtko*
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PALAlS^-ftOYAL. 187
loe how niaiiy the penont playing have*
I ■■■■■■nil
Opposite Uke iailUur, and on his right and kit, are perscyoB caBed croupiers j whose business it is to pay and collect money .
Behind th^'tailieurs and croupiers are inspectors, to see that too much, is not given in payment, besides an in- definite, number of secret inspectors, who are only knownito the proprietors. There are also moiires ae maieon, wHo are called to settle disputes ; and messieurs de la chamb^y who furnish cards to the ponies and serve tbenoi with beer, etc. which is to he had gratis, Mor^ttwcr, thete is a grand mmitre, to whom the super- mtttuiieiice of the apartments, tables, etc. belongs.
When a .stranger enters these apartments, tie will socvn fiftd n4ar him some obliging men of mature age, who, wfth<SJk«ir of prudence and sagacity, proffer their jMlvi«e. As. these advisers perfectly understand their own ffione, if their protdgis lose, the Mentors vanish ; 'butr- nthey win, tlie counsellor comes nearer, congra- tulates the liappy player, insinuates that it was by fol- lowing his advice that fortune smiled on him, and finally saceeeds in hoci'owing a small sum of money on ho- nour. Many of these loungers have no other mode of living.
At No. 1 54, which takes the lead of tbe gambling* houses in tbe Pakis^Royal, is likewise another room, furnished wilh sofas, called chambre des blessds^ which is far from being the least frequented. It was in this house that the late Marshal Blucher won and lost very heavjr sums, during the occupation of Paris by the allied armies.
The tables sore licensed by the police, and are under its immediate inspection. The bank pays in ready money every successful stake, and sweeps off the losings with wooden instruments, called r^ieaux (rakes).
The enormous profit of the proprietors of the tables niay be easily conceived, when it is considered that ^ey pay annually to the city funds the fixed sum of 6,o55^oo fr., which is carried bv what is caped the bonification upon the product to 7 , $55, 1 00 fr. accordin g
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1 88 palaces:
to t^e Uti confvUtiofi. U it cakmktaA Atttke mntma staked amount in a year to 3oo, 000,000 fr. It is tnae that part U this ^loney is the saaie as was fl*aked before, and which serves the possessor to play «««uiig. stfler evening j but it b equally true that the faouik ^une a profit upon that sum every time itis rqiroduosd* The Gontinual proHt gained upon the stakes, pnsyentiB ^^y person idealising a fortune by gambling aii4 leads ^^mt slers sooner or later to inevitable ruin. At a gaming- hoBse of a more splendid descripJtion than, tbo^^ oC the Palais-Royal, ladies are admitted. *
We here dose our description of this too.faeciiiatiig place, which is to Paris what Paris is to efery oiber mt^ tropolis in the world,-*— the nee plus ulira of pleasoteMMl vice. In the tittle world of the Pjdsis-Boyal^ eveij thing to improve or debase the mind, every thii^ Co excite admiration of the ingenuity of maur on the oam hand, and lamentation for nis weakness and fottj on the other, is here assembled in strange and perpkiing contrast. Finally, it is a plaoe in which tiiose viho live for animal enjoyment only, or have 8t«ength of mind always to play the philosopher, mig^t pass their life with ampte gratification.
PALACE OP THE LUXEMBOURG,
OR or TBS CHAMBBR OF PEBIS.
Upon the site of this palace Robert de Hariay de Sancy erected a laree house, in the midst of gardens; about the middle of the i6th century. This mansien was purchased and enlarged in i583, by the duke dISpi- nay Luxembourg, who likewise added to it several pieces of ground contiguous. The Hdtel de Luxembourg was bought by Marie de MWcis in lOia, for 90,000 francs, and the present palace built, after the designs of Jaccraes Desbrosses, upon the model of the palace de Pitti, at Flo- rence, the usual residence of the grand dukes of Tuscany. The queen, who through the economy of Henry IV . bad amassed considerable property, was not sparing of sta-
* See HStel Frascaiit ace aUo Gaming-houses*
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THE LCXfiMBOUHG. 189
Loiliar dMomtMiiiDrrthe pnJbiiilwlMM»r of bar pafare Thev iWliKS, to^fther miOk her fundtare, wvc mU at the'time wkm ihe ww 4rm» fvMB the kni0doul»^CudMul RiAelim. The pdboe took Ibe maamafMmed^ MMkis, tat tbe«, at at pnewit, tin Mtdms du dLfanemtewywafl iti ordbnarj appcUstMii. Having JMattiieatlMri it to GostoA ie France^ dnke of Or- Li^Ht ker«M»iid aoofv"^ ■wimfl llw nme 4if AdbM ^TlMtew, wbkfa itrat»itMd till the revokrtaon. itwoB«f- Id waiuA^Adeil, for the ram of Sooyoooiivret, to Anno- llarie-LoaMe4l'Ch*UoDS, diid»eM^ Montpenoier; and in ' fchocMnctlHgyropertyofEBMfatlUL'QiKona^dochew m anA'd'Aien^on, who, in i^4, sold it to Lonio *>u It lArag afterMttrds inhabited by the dochoM of BrtinavKdL, and bjr itldidam^d'OrMant, cpnen-^lowafler oT ^«u«, afterwhoae death Lonit XVI five it to hie hrother, afterli^Mtb L4i«m KVIH, who occupied it till
lO^fthooH
Jane 'i 704 9 when he quitted Frantff. Having been long dflHthe^ Ibis «di6ee at the beginning of the latt -oen^ tnrf atodk intte^ of oontiderable repairs, vi^ich were effBdedlroni f 755 to lyS^. Abandoned again during ihelii*'^tiii?i of the revolution, it was afterwanb con- Tertediano a prison, and floiiered every sort of degrada* tion . In 1 795, it became the place of the sittings of the Dinetery, and wns then called #«/^di<llii«clo«^ In 1798, the buildins was thoroughly repaired, and the entire font scmpod. Whoa Bonaparte assumed power, this pabwe was at first devoted to the sittings of the consuls, and reoeived the nane of Paiais dm Omsuimij and shortly afker, that a^ Pidmk du S^nmt CmsmiHiietir. This asttate held its sittings there ttU 1814, the period when it was dissolved, and the Chamber oi Peers ere* Jted. Since duttiaM a marble tablet, pbced over the principal entrance, has announced that the paUoe of the Lusembonrg faaa taken the appi&tion of P^Uau de ia Ckambndes Pain,
PMJu:E.«^']liisedifioe is remarkable ior the beauty oi its proportions^ and its character of sti^ength and soli- dify. The conrt forms a parallelogram, of 36o feet by 3oo.
The front towards the rue de Vangirard consists of
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190 palaces:
two lavge pavilions, connected to^^ethei* h^Aen^inoe^^u^ ported by open gallei*ies, . in the oeiiti» of wliich niuM an elegant cupola, saiTOunded with stajtues. Thisficoif^ -is connected with the principal pile of buildina^ h^itwo wings one story high . Four large sqiiaiv paTilioDA, Ite roofs of which rise to a point, stand at the oonMrs of liie main building, which is only twostoreyijhigh. .The court is surrounded by arcades, some of wUch are Ofien, and others blank. At the second story 1 the .imlqiiig forms a recess upon a terrace which extett4i| Icom&iAie pavilions at the angles to that of the centre. -Tkia 11^- fice is decorated with three oi^ew of avcliitecUiii^.;|i^ all its walls and ornaments are covered wit)^ ruHicy^ Qn the ground-floor the order is Tuscan ^ on.|;he furtt floor Doric ; and on the second Ionic. The pedinKent^tiptwanii the court is adorned with a bas-relief, by Dure^ jnefire- senting Commerce ; the sculptor of tite .foiur^^gures placed below is unknown. Toward^, the g^en ia a sun-dial, suppoitedby figures in high-relief, refwetentiBig Victory and Peace, by Espeixxeox; Strengtii and/ Se- crecy, by fieanvallet ; the two figures in the back- ground are Vigilance and War, by CaitoUter. This cunous sun-dial is calculated to exhibit the xepublican calendar daily. j m >. » .
This palace is sep^i^rated from the street, Jby a l^Mpd- some iron railing. ,. ., ,. .
LmaioB. — Upon the afmropriation of tbU» paboe to the sittings of the senate. Chagrin, was charged t^ exer cute the woi'ks I'equired for its new dcjstinatipn. . Me suppressed a heavy staircase that occupied thevestibple, and erected the magnificent one in the right wing. On each side of the stairs is a range of eleven fine Ionic, co- lumns, surmounted by an entablatui*e which supports the vault. The latter is decorated in c^isacms^.and at the extremities are two bas-reliefs, by. Durcjt,. repre- senting Minei*va, and two genii offering ciH>W]ia.. .£ach intercolvmniation, not occupied by a window, is omi- mented with a statue, or a military tix>phy. The- sta- tues are^ Desaix, by Gois, jun. ; Cafiarelli, by Corbet;. Marceau, by Dumont; and Dugommier, by Ramea*. lii the vestibule leading to the stairs are Joubert, by
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THE LinCBMBOVRG. igi
Stotti^ and Klebef , hy Hamoiii. Tlie. trophies are by Hertoct. The bMrty of the stairctse m augmented by ^glitTecainbent Udm.
Aft«r passing throng the guard-chamber, which is orBamenled with stataes of Solon, Pericles, Leonidas, Ci^eto; Cittcinnatas, and Aristides, the first room shown to* TJsitors' is tiie Mle dBereule^ or de$ Garfons de SMI^; kk wliich there is a fine statae of Hercules, by Piijet$*'ODe of Epamlnondasyby Duret; and one of Mil- tiflde^i'by BoiMt. In the Salle des Messagers dEiai is a finte marble statue of Silence, by Monchy ; and one of Prodcnoe, by Deaeine. The Sttlle de la Manion is on&amented with a grand allegorical painting, by Reg- nault, repTcsenting the retam of Louis Will ; and a fine por^nit of that monarch, by Lefebvre. Above is a gnls€uiiey in which St. Louis is represented fighting the Ittfidels, by Callet. The ceiling, by Lesueur, repre- seats Foree and Jostice crowned by Fame. Adjoining litis room is Uie Stdh des Minis treSj which is not shbwu.
Th^ Salle des A^sMce.r is semi-circular, and its diameter is n'j feet. The walls are ornamented with stucco, in imitation of coloured marble. A fine range of Corin- thian columns in stucco, in the intercolumniations of which are statues of legislators of antiquity, in plaster, supports the ceiling, in which are represented civil and military Virtaes, by Lesueur. In the middle of the axis of the semi-circle, is a recess, in which are placed tlie seats' of the president, and secretaries. Above the pre- sidentVseat is a demi-ciipola ornamented in caissons. The peers' benidies, arranged as in an amphitheatre, occupy the area in front of tbe president. The peer who addresses the assembly takes bis station below the presidentfs desk.
The sculpture which decorates this hall does honour to the French school. The statues placed in the inter- fokfrnniatidnsare, Solon, by RoUand ; Aristides, by Gar- teUser; ScipioAfricanus, by Ramey ; Demoathenes, by PaJQuv Cicero, by Houdon ; Lycurgus, hj Foucou; F. Camillns, by Bridan ; Cincinnatus, by Chandet ; Cato of Utica, by Clodion; Pericles, by Masson; Phocion, by
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ig» pmiiax»i
Deladftre V tad- Le^idasv hf heModk A
liie king is ptaeed iiir frmiC of Hie jpr«sidmt. Tlij^<
18 ornamented with hangings of Msb'^
witik flenr^-de-lis of hrooze gilt, aadr is very hrilieiit
when lighted up by the saperb IobII^ saspeeded frem
theceiluigi.
Tbe'^e^fo dm Trdim w vichly deoavaled. lb- the middle of the ceiling is represewted Henry IV ni a eai% condiHstcd h^ YicVory^ from the pencil- d Bss^heleHiy. The other pemttags are by Lesneer, exoipt l«ro, nepre- senting Peace and War, by CaHst. Tfaereavelbnv other rooms, viBd lor the btweomXy or ememilteea of tlie chamber, which are adorned wMi mnny marble Iwia, inclnding several o£ the members of m MmTOsmmt- inaiemi'. In one of them is iIk libmry. AnOllRr fin tiie paD^oB OR the left towaffds>thegard«i) ieonumiealed with hangings and fnmitwe of b^tifol painftad oloth, of the manufaetare of Yavchelet. All HMrpanilings re- present views of Rome. Iw another is « pictmrn of the school of Apeiius, by a pupil of David, and two smeM faronse stataesef Vottaive mA- RonsKavK.
Oatfae groand-floor isliie dmpe&v i^ieh is e^eiMmely pbtnand neat. Adjoining it is e* most spieilAid roem^ called Chambre d Coucker d€ Mmre d^ nUdki^u The paintingsT areby Rabeiis . At the revohitioir they weie - aUtaken down, and hidden in a gamt of dm Louvre. Since the vestpration they hove been repboed wMi the greatest care, nnder the direetion of M. Bemga^ who had orders to fit up the room to ooatun the gnhien booh of the French peerage. It is not large, b«tdas- Etingwith gilt ornaments and beamtiftd arabesques. The closets, i%;hly adorned with looking-glasBes, cositain the archives df the peers, and ^eirmedM&Ms*
Strangers are admitted to view the apanmentsof the LutOTiboarg eiery da^* (except MJMidfltys, and when the peers are sittinrnf), from ten o'clock till fMir.
GALuar.—- 'This geUery wasiMied by order of Marie de M^dicis, and was at first composed of Swenty-four large pitmoineff, by Rubeni, re|>resenttng the attegerical history of that queen. It was afterwards^angmentedby several pictures which belonged to the queen-dowager
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THB unonuovKG. 1^
I piipfiup wmn fciiKiwd to ftmr the nnMeum of the
^ Vmmf9^4 fVke Tustdriev «f the French under Na^oleott
' famisbdk «»ai«Ddaiirt Mpplf of the tkefih^emvre of
the arlB- to enrick the Bationat moseiiins ; and the pic-
^nWiefthe Lowttbewg, with a considerable addition,
wwffcv m f to5« rartored to the gaUery from* wkidi die^r
hMJhftop. ittiiwed, bi i8 15, when the foreign powera
^ took the productiooa of Ute arts, which had
' to Pavia from the variooa conttnenlal
tlie'piellives of theJfOsembottrg* were again re^-
>t» the 9allery;oC the-Lonvre, to fiU op the vacant
of lila arillf Their pkoe has been since suppKed
by a splendid caAectionirfthe finest productions of the
bea^'Woderai ^iMneh painters. Near the entranee €#
tbftgMhiiy ia,a ins group of €npid and Psjche, by ]}e-
kis|iie4i'iinie'4ri|t*g of ttie gallery presentathe signs of
the Zodlinc itf twekre pidures, by Jordaens, and the ris-
iBMf Aorora, by Callet. In Hie rotunda, to whidi the
p£lery leada^ is the aelebpaled Bathing Nymph, by Juliett .
Dayiwd the natnnda^ a^ gnttery leads to four rooms, cott-
taintngyiatinfes and aeiQplure, from which a fine view
iei phtaioeA ei th» grand staircase of ^e Chamber ef
^0010'* ' ^c * rf •
•diraifgwnrare ai^mittedita the gadlery etery day eseept Mooiny^ bJbmta ten Veloek l&U four, upon prodndag «Mvr>.nt0poni ; and oatriogaes of Hie pictarea may be hfdi^tkrdoafir'
>\4tamn^f^trw spats in Paris-have nndei^gone more fseffnear chainges -than thie guded, which was first pUoEtedfiaader the direction ofDe^rosses, art Ihe period when.ttiepahM»wa»eieoled. in 17801, the finest trees w«f« c«t dawn, with the intemtion of boilding ca/^y fmMk J iWMtf , etc. and eaUblishing a fair. ThegiM»nndthas ckaMdifOBuineii w«rt» far nearly thirty years, bat the ftir was ttv^ep eslaMiiHed. In 1 796, Ae fine avenne t ** hmmag dtoai, hcftiih:* the Birtnrx «f BfmY de /Hedicis, #eM the iiucory nf.U. Brtmo^ hf Utttew; and* the ssa-pcrtt af Vefaat and- JiMcpk Hue.
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ia( PALACES :
which leads from the palace to the Obaervatory ^ nienced, and ia 1801, tlie grotmd laid waste in 1782 was again planted. Extensive improvements liave been made at several subsequent periods, the most important of which was the levelling of th^ grand avenue.
This magnificent and frequented garden may vie with that of the Tuileries, with regai*d to its proportions, dis- tribution, and vegetable beauty. Its marbles are leas precious, its orange-trees are less venerable, and its sym- metry is less haimonious. But, in compensation, its aspects are more varied, and it pi*oduces effects peculiar to itself. U presents a flowei'-garden, divided into four pai*ts, by an octagonal basin, enlivened by a jel-^t'eau and swans. The divisions of the flower-garden are* formed of grass-plots, skilled with flower-beds, and surrounded by a li^t raihng. In that farthest [vosa th« palace is a miridien d a^ionnaiiQn, The flower- garden is encircled with two ten^aces, ornamented on their borders with vases, and terminated at the extre- mities by balustrades in stone, decorated with two groups in marble representing wrestlers, and fom* small figures supporting vases, in which ^raniums flounsh during the summer. The sloping banks of the teixaces are planted witli choice shrubs and flowers, including almost every known species of the rose. A great number of statues, roost of which bear marKs of revolutionary fui7, embellish different, parts of tlie garden. On the light is a fine and extensive plantation of lofty trees, in« tersected by walks ; and on the left is a smaller planta- tion on an inclined plane, which commands a view of the whole garden. s'From the flower-garden extends a long avenue, the enti*ance to which is ornamented witli two white marble lions, copied from the antique, and in the distance is seen the front of the Observatory. ^Tlie avenue is bounded by a handsome iron .raiUngi and lodges . On the right of it is an immense nursery ground , called the P^inAre du Luxembourg^ and on the left a large piece of ground of a triangular form, which serves as a school for the culture of fruit trees. Rows of orange-trees add to llu^ beauty of this delightftil spot during the summer. Seven gates afford access to
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THE LUXSMBOUBG.
rrden, wlucli is open to the puMk fitun to dusk. In the plantation to the right
difiiy which 18 much frequented for breakfasti di tlie fommer.
The garden being generally entered on the left o pnlaoe by stranaera, we shall begin in that directioi description of the works of art.
To the left, on entering the garden, is a foontai erotto, after the designs ol Desbrosses. It consists Wrge central niche, with a smaller one on each side tween Tuscan columns, surmounted by an attic a •emicircular pediment. The columns, niches, attic pediment, are covered with congelations. On eadi of the attic is a recumbent colossal statue, the om presenting a Kiyer, by Duret, the other, a Naiac Ramey. In front of the central niche is a pretty ficial rock, from the cavities of which a small st flows. The rock serves as a pedestal for a white ms statue of Venus at the bath. The arms of France of Medicis, in the tablet of the attic, were destroys the revolution. Along the wall extending from grotto, are four statues, the most remarkable of whi that of Winter, under the figure of a woman wan herself at a fire, byCaffieri.
The statues on the terraces, beginning on the nearest the palace, are: — i, Flora; a, Ajax ; 5, H< vanquished; 4, Bacchus; 5, Geres; 6, Bacchus in old age ; 7, Mercury ; 8, Apollo ; 9, Bacchns; io,ye II, Ineleager; 12, Diana: — (opposite terrace), i3, Crladiator; i4, Geres; i5, Venus; 16, Meleager; the Gladiator vrithhis sword; 18, Geres; 10, Baccl ^, Bacchus; a i, Geres; ^a, unknown; taO^^'a M ^4* Vulcan, hj ^dan, senior. The visitor Atbnld descend the terrace at the point nearest the palace m the walks below he will find the following statu I, Venus ; 2, a Muse ; 3, Venus, by Ghardin ; 4» F I 5, Geres; 6, Bacchus; 7, Diana; 8, Diana: ther sdao here several fine marble vases. In the planti I on the ri^t, in an enclosure, is a colossal statue ol ^^^^ in bronze, by Pigalle.
The garden of the Luxembonrg, from its first f
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igS PALACES :
tkt», liM been the &voiirite letoil id uok^aam. Mmnj penoDs Mill prefer it to tJut af the Tuilenes, it betiiff OMMespacioqs and retired. In the ewening the prinrif 1 avenue is thronged.
Li Pbtii^Lduiibocjiic. — ^Tlitt f»hice er hotel, whicfa it « dependence of tiie pilsce of the LtajaaknaoDg^ was oqb»> menced about the year 1639, by order of nrdinal lUcbdMB, i¥ho resided in it whtkt thei^hk-Royal was bnilding. When the cardinal went to his new {■iarg» he ^e the Pebt-Lnxerabonrg to his nieoe, Ihn dnrhens d^JoffuiUon. It passed by descent to Henry Juks de BonnMn Cond^, after whose death, Anne, firinoess nn- Utine of Bo^ria, occupied it, and made conuderahle i^epairs and additions to it. Under the Direcftory, lisar of the directors occupied the Petit-Luxembourg, whilst the fifth dwelt in the palace. Bonaparte resided hene nix months before he took up his abode at the 'foileries. It is now the residence of the cfaanoeUor of Franoe, na pi^dent of the Chamber of Peers.
PALAIS-BOURBOW
This palace, part of which is occupied by iStke duke de Bourtx>n, prince de Cond^, and the rest destined to the sittings of the deputies of the depsstincnts, is situ- ated upon the southern bank of the Seine, towards the west of Paris, and commands an extensive view cCthn river and the Champs-Elysto. . J[t was erected in 171^9 by Lonise-Francoise, Dnchess-dowager of Bourbon. It was begun after the desinns of Girardini, an Itslian •»- chitect,' and continued by J. H. Mansart, I'Assnranoe and others. Upon its<«oroin^ into the posicssion of the mat pnnoe de Cond^ it was considerably en- hrged, and the interior was embellished with the ni* most ma^ificenoe.' Though aot completely terminated in 1789, it had ak^ady cost nearly a million starling. It^ superficies is about ei^t thonmnd ei^t hundred and seventy feet. Its front towards the river was com* peted of two panlions, eadi formed only of a groond- floor. That which faced the Place Louis XV had never been finished ; its architecture was in the worst style»
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and when tbeltet Louis XVI warn built, tfi« PAis-Boar- boii ooaM scarcely be seen.
At Hie revokrtlGn, the Pa^is-Boorbon was one of tlw first mansions iStat was pkindered, and it remained ttnoecnpied tiH 1 795, wben it was chosen Ibr the sittings of the Goanci! of Five Hundred. The pavilion oppo- site the bridge was sdected for the sittings of the conii- cH, and the rest appropriated as a residence for the pre- sidetit. It was allerwards occupied by the Corps hifgidat^. Upon the restora^n in i8i4» the Prinoe de Cond^ took possession of the pahce of his ancestors, and entered into an arrangement witfli the king, by which ^at portion which had been occnpied by the legisktive body, and which had been in great part rebuilt, was appropriated to the use of the deputies of the depart- ments ; and in iSag a law was passed by whtcii it was purchased at a sum previously agreed on between the government and the prince.
Placi »a PALAis-BioutBOTr. •^This fiaee is spacious, but the houses, which surround it, are irregular, and it would be scarcely worth notice but for the fine en* trance^ to the Chainber of Deputies, and the statue of Loub XYUI in the centre. This Statue, in bronze, after designs by Bosio, was erected in pursuance of a resolution of the municipal body of Paris. The mo- narch is represented seated on his throne, and arrayed in the royal mantle ; his brow is encircled with a crown of laurel ; in his right hand he holds the sceptre, and his left rests on the chai-tcr, which he seems to be pre- senting to his subjects. The pedestal is of mariile, or- namented with bas-reliefs in bronze. The platlbrm, also of marble, is surrounded by pafisades.
Palack txt Tin Panics. — ^The part immediately occu- pied by the Prince de Gondd is a pavilion only one story nigh, which was formerly called lidtel Lassay, and was annexed to the original building after it became the propetty of the Gond^' family. Its appearance is mean, indicating a spacious country-seat, rather than the pa- lace of a Prince. Its entrance is by the rue de TDni- wrsit<, from whence it is approached by an avenue, v]o feet in length, terminating in a court 174 feet in length
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and 1 26 in breadth. The plan of the entire stmcture consists often principal couits, surrounded with bnild- ings, affording ample accommodation for a numerous household. The offices are upon an extensive scale^ and there is stabling for aSo hoi*ses. The entrance to tlie interior is by a flight of steps. Formerly, nothing could exceed the splendour of the mirrors, gilding, paintings in fresco, and costly fui*niture which de- corated these apaitments; at present they are only ramarkable for the beauty of their propoitions, and convenience. The footmen's hall is spacious and or- namented with han4some sculpture in stone. This leads to the dining*i*oom, which is paved with marble and ornamented with gilding. Between this room and the grand cabinet, is an ante-chamber containing a bust of Louis XYllI. The curtains and furniture' of the gi*and cabinet are green silk. It possesses two pictures ; one representing the battle of Rocroy, where the great Gond^ commanded, by Casa-Nova ; and the other, the battle of JNordUngen, by Lepan ; two views of Chantilly ; a poili^ait of the Prince de Cond^, at the ago of twenty-two, when he gained the battle of Rocroy ; a superb cabinet which formerly contained a mi nei'alogical collection, presented in 1672 to the Prince de Gond^, by Gustavus III king of Sweden; and a beautiful table of tortoise-shell and bix>nze. In the bil- liard-room, the cmtains and furniture of which are scar- let, ara two pictures representing the battle of Fribourg, by Giisa-Nova, and that of Lens, by Lepan; and a supem piece of Gobelin tapestry, representing Achilles and Iphigenia. The hangings, ciurtains and furniture are crimson silk. Th^ chimney-pieces are adorned with small statues, of the great Gondd throwing his tnin- cheon into the lines of Fribourg; Marshal Turenne ; the chevalier Bayard, and the conn^table DuguescUn ; and a bust of Gharles X. The furniture of the Salon d Henri IV is of Beauvais tapesti^. It contains busts in white mai'ble of the gi*eat Gond^ and Turenne, by Gojr- sevox ; one of Henry IV in coloured wax, taken fi'om na- ture immediately after the death of that unfoilunaie monarch; and two in white marble of the late Prince
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dtCotMy and his son the Dake of Boaiiion, by Deteine. The pictures in this room ^present fox-hnnting and wolf-hunting. The curtains and furniture of the li- brary are green silk. It possesses portraits of Mademoi- selle de Clermont and the priucess Charlotte de Rohan ; and a curious large Chinese chest. The Salie des FalcU dieChambres is ornamented with bucks-horns and otlier emblems of the dkase. The garden, consisting of flower- beds,bowling-greens, and bowers, is bounded by a terrace fiiteea hundn^ feet in length. At the extremity of the terrace, on thesideoftlieH6teldesInvalidcs, are some small apartments, with a garden laid out in the English style. The Palais-Bourbon may be seen at any time of the da J, a servant being always on the spotto attend visitors. CifAMBBK OF DxraTiBS. — In 1795, when the Palais ^onrhon was chosen for the sittings of the Council of five Hundred, Giaors was charged to execute the works requisite for its new destination. The ardiitect, guided by economy, preserved pail of the old structui'e. Bona- parte determined to give to the i)alace of the Legislative Assembly a more magnificent facade, and, in 1804, , Poyet was charged to pi*epare designs. The present ' fi*ont, which cost i ,769,000 francs, and which may be considered as one of the finest specimens of architecture ia the Frendi capital, was then erected. It presents a portico nearly one hundi*ed feet in breadth, composed c^ twelve Corinthian columns, and ascended by twenty- nine steps about a hundi'ed feet in breadth. The co- lumns are crowned by a triangular pediment, jQie tym- panum of which is ornamented with a bas-relief* in plaster, hy Fi-agonard, representing Law supported by the Chailer, and attended by Justice, StrengUi, Naviga- tion, the Arts and Sciences, and Commerce. At the foot of the steps, upon pedestals eighteen feet in eleva- tion, are colossal statues of Justice and Prudence ; and in the foreground are, figul«s of Sully, by Beauvallet; Colbert, by Dumont; L'Ii6pital, by Deseine*, and d'A-
* The bas-reliefs which adorned the wall of the portico were destroyed in 1815, as was the magnificent display ofsciilirturc in the tympanum of the pediment, a chef-d'ceuvrc of Chaudet/and the \ksi production orhis chisel.
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9XL, by FoiMMNi. The principai entranoe, ^mnrig i place Bourbon, is adorned with a triiuuphal attrli of the Corinthian order, connected with two panrilioBft by fpUeriet formed of colonins. The omameatsaiidtlie fiinfuly arms, which marked it as the residence of ^he descendants of the great Cond^, were destroyed at the revolntion. That part of the straetnre in which the Chamber held its sittings being found in many respects inconvenient, it was polled down in 1829, and a new hall is BOW in the course of construction. A temporary boilding, for tbe accommodation of the deputies, has been erected in the garden, in which they will assemble till the new edifice be finished. This building is a parallelogram with the ang^ cut off, so that its form M octagonal. In a recess, in the centre of one of tbe sides, IS the tribune, above which rises the president's desk; behind the pi^dent's chair is ^e king's bust upon a lofty pedestal. The tribune is painted bine with ornaments in yellow, among which is the kinfl^s cypher. The desks of the secretaries are on the ri^t and left of the president, and on a level with the tribune. The recess is nung with green cloth, and above it is painted an escutcheon with the king's cypher supported by two figures of Fame. On the right of the escutcheon Is a figure of Justice; and on the left, one of Minerva. The deputies' benches, disposed in the form of an am- phitheatre, are painted mahosany colour and covered with greencloth. The walls of the hall abui are covered with cloth of the same colour. The plleries for the accommodation of peers, ambassadors, journalists, and the public, extend round the hall, except the recess iut which the president's desk is placed ; tfaey are painted red) and produce a (me effect with the gi^een of the dnn
r'es. The ceiling is painted blue with redjleurs-de^ Above the tribune, in the centre, are tiie arms of France supported by two figures ci Fame, and figures of Peace and Truth, to correspond with those above' the recess opposite. Nothing can have a moi% mean ap- pearance than the windows, which are not so high as they are wide. Ample means have been contrimf to throw warm air into the h*ll, and the issues are nw-
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, iMrlIhe pwfMe oT eaaUiiiQI ^^ ^'pv'Mt to ۥ- ciqM promptly in ctte of fire.
Ab Mott «rtlM<rflw rooBK (tf llw paboe are to een- «ieeledwltli tiie temponry Inii tbat they stiM serve far IIm nae flf the waaaben of the GhaiBber, we pve the deecaptnn 4^ IheM in ftdl^ ahliough tome of the woriu «f ait have been mnoved, aad ottien oofered for their praervatioB.
The Ailiffdbf 6ai«lr#Mrichlydeooraied with painliiigt and actrfptorca after desi^pii by Fragonard. Two baa- reliefii «n the anppoits of the vault repreaent Henry IV ^iiftribnlin|^ recompenoea to waniors and agrksohttrista ; and Francia I enconrayng the aciencet, letters, and the arts.
Tlie Saien du Mm is decorated with twelve Corin- thian piiasfeers snppoittng a ceiling richly oraamcnfted. On each pilaster are painted military emblems. Above the windows are figures of Fame, bearing crowns. In ^tt anshtvolt ane the names of all Uie battles in which the Fvendi armies have been victorious sinoe the revo- Imion. The pictures in this saloon are Lonis XVHI and the duchess of Angoultoe by Gros ; (%dipas and his dau^ter, by Thevenn; and ciueen Clotilda, by mademoiselle Dnvidal. On the cnimney-piece is a splendid clock, by Lepaute; Wisdom is represented showing the hours to Time. A cirde on which are the hours turns round, and on coming under the pointed instrument held by Time, the dock strikes. In Hiis saloon are busts of Henry IV, Charles X, the duke of Angoid^me, and the late duke of Beny. Here also is the «hair on which the king takes his seat when he opens the session of the chambers ; it is the same tiurt was used bj Napolion, but the ea^s have given jilaoe
In the SaHe Ae la Pmix are two fine pictures repre- senting the death of Socrates, by Peyron ; and Phi- kxTtetes, by Lethiers. At the extremities are two magni- fioeHt groups in bronae, east by Keller, in the reign of LfNBs XrV, Ane of the Laoooon, and the other of Arria and P^Btns.
The SmUe de Ut Victairey opposite the Saih de la
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PALACES 9
Pmxy 19 worthy of ]iartieiilar attentum. Benefttli a fine
portrait of Louis XVIII, by Paulia Guerin, is a colpMl bust of the late duke of Berry, with the k»t words ad- drassed by that prince upon his death^bed to the mar- shals of France : — ^J'avais xspbkb vsnsn mom sang roua tx France. Opposite is a statue of Henry IV, hj Haggi. On the pedestal are the words addressed by that jiio- narch to tlie notables assembled at Rouen : — ^^Li vioucirf-
AMOUR QUE JE PORTE A MES SUJETS ME FAIT TOUT TROUVSR AISB
ET HONORABLE. It Ukewise contains pictures representing the siege of Calais, by Scheffer; the death of Bayard, by Beulort ; the resistance offered by Pi^dent MoU to the LigueurSj by Vincent ; and the death of the con- notable Duguesclin, by Brennet.
There are several other rooms for the bureaux . or committees of the chamber, for a library, and tlie ac- commodation of the oflicei-s of the chamber.
The Chamber of Deputies may be seen every day by inquiring for a gar^on He salle. During the session, tickets to hear the debates may be had by writing to Jli. le Questeur de la Chambre des Diputds^ au Palais Bouybon*
PALAIS DE L'ELYSEE-BOURBON, lYo. 59, Rue du faubourg Su-Uonori, This hotel, constructed in 1718, after tlie desisnsof Molet, for the count d'Evreux, was afterwaitis purchased and occupied by madame de Pompadoui;, mistiness of Louis XV. Whilst in her possession, partof theChamps- Elysdes was added to the garden. At the death of madame de Pompadour, Loms XV bought it of the mar- quis de Marigny, as a residence for ambassadors extra- ordinary. In 1 775, it became the property of M. BeaiH jon, a famous banker, who enlai*ged and embellished it in the most magnificent style. The duchess of Bourbon purchased it after the death of Beaujon, and occupied it till 1790, the period of her emi^ation. In 179^) it became national property, and durmg the most stormy, period of the Revolution was used as the printing-office of the government. In 1800 it was sold, and converted
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Mto ft pttUk garden, which proved an' nnsuoeettfid tpt-
cySation. Maret^ dnke of Baaaano, bought this hotel ia
1804^ and occnpied it till his defMurtnre for Naples. It
then fell into the hands of the government, and was in-
liabited by Napoleon several times before his abdication..
He retarned to it after the battle of Waterloo, and hera
was performed the harried drama of the cent jours, hk
i8i4 and i8i5 it was occnpied by the emperor Alex-
and^-, and afterwards by the dnke of Wellington ; and
in 1816 was given by Loois XVm to the late didie of
Berry. It is now the property of the duke of Bordeaux .
The arcliitectare is degant and simple.
. The garden is laid out in the En^^iih style. In the middle is a bowling-green, feadine by a gentle descent to a fine piece of water sanroonded by large trees, over- shadowing delightful walks.
Upon the amassinaition of the duke of Berry by Loovel, at the door of the Opera-house on the i ath of February 18^10, the duchess riemoved to the palace of the Tuileries, and since that period the palais de TElys^Bourbon has been unoccupied.
LnrsMoi. — ^Nothing can exceed the taste with which the apartments of this palace are' distributed and fur- nished.
Visitors are introduced first into the summer apart- ments, and next into the winter apartments ; the former being on the gronnd-floor, and the latter on the fii-st floor.
The first room is the guard chamber, which presents nothing remarkaUe. The dining-room is So feet in lengthily ao in breadth. It is ornamented with co- lumns of the Corinthian order, and cornices painted white and enriched with gilding. One end of tlie ix>om is covered with looking-glasses. The pictures are a view of Home and the Tiber; the pyramids of Egypt and the 7^ lie ; the chateau of Benrad on the Rhine, near Dussel- dorf, once occupied by Mi)irat ; the chateau of JVeuilly, on the Seine, the seat of the duke of Orleans ; and the column of the^ place Venddme. The lustres in the di- ning-tDom ai>e extremely rifch . The salon des Aides-de- camp is wainscotted, white and gold ; the curtains are
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%0^ PALleBS:
of white nll^ andtfiel ^Binvdi. TheGsrtUDflaBdfiiniitiii«o€llwji0loit.dirA^ M^^HHi »e of greeo silk, •liriched wi& grid^ Hm^wu** flcotftiiie wirite and gold. Tbe lookkig^i^mts are «i S|4efidHi dimcDStOM; itcontariw » hcaMitifoi taM» of Floreace monic work ; m flnaU. marbls ttatiie ef Muioi, of fineeieentiDit; several Aagmfioeiit canddabnif jad two vans of Swedish gcMate^ ii feet m beighft, of ex- cpusitebetafty. Tlie bedHPOom io citttsMdy rick, ^e hanimigB, enrtufts, and furnitere are of bfaxe sUkv with borders of ffewers of eveiy hoe; The bed stands in. a recess foi*med of Goimnns white and gold ; soom hand- some caiidehbrs and tikne-pieoeo ate worthy of notiee. The sahn de Tmvaiii^ of waasscotthig, white andgokl ; Ihe ciir«aia» are green Lyons silk, wim ridi flower bor- ders ; the fomiture is coveced with Beanvais tapesCrfy representing hadscapes* It contains a superb nosical time-piece, representing the faSik of Phaeton; and an ancient dock which servos as ai regulator. The ^rcMig> roonv has a lino pictare of the Flemish school. In an- ante-Kshambeft* are several good pictures^ and a carious dtodel of ihe'ftM of St. SeJEwstian iirSpatn. Thn ja&ji ePAHiUerie ikm (Sailed tern a park itf artillery nnder a glass case, belobging to the duke of Bordeaux . This room IS Mto* cilM^ the $akm PemSe Marit (dead foUage;, from the colour of the hangings. It contaiins twelve ipky tAres of the Ftemish school, among whieh is a Taivem Scene, by Teniers, which for nature, wamith of cn»< tourings and expression, ranks amongst the- first oompo^ sitions of that artist. On the'«himney-pieoe is a tinier piece, by Lepaute. The Crimson Salaam is oraameuled with hangings of crimson and white silk, andfiumttuoo to correspond. In fliis saloon are'sonie good pintimo of the Flemish school, amongst which may bie wAiced^ a Village Fair, by Wouvemianss the moreremaricable on at!count of its being different to the general' style of that painter-, and rivalling, in the Ti^city of itft composition^ the excellent grouping of ita figureS) and its gelkuine expression, the pictm«s of Genu^ Dowand'Mm Stoen. The bed-rocmy called Chambre a Qmchet^hs PeiiU^ AppaHemens, is bung with green and yeUoW silk, with
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iMMrtifcd paintinip k W>.niiiMwiad to tkar Mlice one hy Mm Steen^ wkidi ml» aoMi^gBt the ansterpieoes of Ui«t MMilBr. Twa amitt ]»oliiraB^ by Mkcis, utpuwnling CbiUKD at pky, Juww attoitieD for tiieir boUliaiife ioiwriog and eyquMteexeostioii,
The 40«if»-#«Mi io Imm|B with green aiftk^ vnUi lav- Mtaro W conrespoKd. iJio Mart renarkabla pi^uraa M« : a portrait o£ a lady keldiikg a pakMiB, by Mioria^ wbidi I taiiinlilwn a aniiatuiv by its high finiib, hmk it- far aupenov* in ampMsaioo ; and a piclnro of the ooscki- Mon of tbe peace of MuiHtcr, reoiarkaUe lor nanerouaw Rmunsr all portraits. The librmnr >> luug with green ubk, with funutwe to oonreapand. The bookaare dk^
posed on shelves, in llae-npper peit of the room^ rcmnd %. The J ' "
which'a gallsry evfemdi. The lower pavt of i is onuBenled witk pietcnresv the most remarkdile of which arer two adhniwiMf EflecU of Light, by Schaikand GaracdDow ; a aavalFightv by Backhuisen ;,8one honied Ammala, by Paol Potter ; asd »Gha8e, by Woa«ennains ; tiie latter is remarkable'fiM* i(ts boldespraasion and lively ooloamg. te the diiinney*-picoe m a neat and elegant clock, on a car drawn by Cupids. The boudoir dorgetU is 9o eattad fironr^it^being white wi^ silver omamevta; thefiiiwkaveiattiac,witfisttverbordeM. Tb^master- piecee of paiating whieh ad<Hm this^room. would rcqmBt a long description to do them justioe ; the observer will particularly remark the interior of churches, by Neels } landscapes by Riyadfupl and Van fBergbem ; pictaras 1^ John Steen, Miens, and Yeanet ;.i%na dead animals by Weeninx; all of admirable composition and execution. On the chimnsy-pieoe ia a tjnie>pieoe, ornamented in silver, representing Cupid in a car drawn by a dog. The fir^irons and fender are also of siliwr.
The winter aparlmmUB are on the firsi:. floor, and althong^iiotso8uniptaons«»the former, possess a degree of elfef^iBce and connbrt which will oeHiom^ their merit in the eje«ff Kng^h visitors.
Under the peristyte leading from the summer apartv ments to thasp of winter, is a good statue of ApoUo
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206 PALACES :
Belvedeiv. A mtgnifioent staircase, bordered \rkh a railing of iron in tne form of paka kavea, leads to the grmnd sahn, which is of large dimensions. The wails are ornamented with paintinos of the fom* seasons. The oirtains and furniture are ot crimson silk, with raised velvet oi'naments. On the chimney-piece is a beautiful clock, repi^esenting the Oath of the Horatii. It also possesses a small marble statne of Agrippina. The looking-glasses are remarkably fine. The Ubrary is fitted up with mahogany book-cases and shelves. The decoration is neat. The sofas and chairs are of ma- hogany with green moixxsco. The bed-roam unites oosuiness with simplicity and comfort. It is hung like a tent, with yellow plaited silk, embeUished with crim- son ornaments. The posts of the teut are gilt spears, which meet in the centime of the ceiling. Tlie bed is of solid mahooany, with gilt ornaments representing Si- lence and Sleep, surmounted by rich yellow drapeiy. It contains a splendid piece of furniture, called 4cran.a secret, eig^t feet in height and six in breadth, of French wood with costly gilt ornaments, which was focmeiiy used by the dm^ess as a cabinet for her jewels. The boudoir or toilet-room serves as a bath-room. Strangers aire admitted on Thursdays by tickets, for which af^- cation must be made by letter to Monsieur le Seereimir^ des Commandemens de S.J.H. Madame la Ouekesse de Berry y a V EUsie^Bouriony who generally sendttckels by post a few days after.
PALAIS DES BEAUX ARTS,
Sec Institute,
PALAIS ARCHIEPISCOPAL.
This palace communicates with the catliedral of Notre-Dame, on tlie southern side.
The first palace built on this spot was began by Mau- rice de SuUy, bishop of Paris, in i. i6i ; and the chapel of this ancient structure still exists. The episcopal i^esi- dence was successively improved and enlarged by Etienne dePoncber, bishop of Paris, in.i5r4; his nephew and
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MceeMor, Fmboom de Poacher ; Pierre de Gosdy ^ who filled the see in i568; and Henri de Gondy, hit nephew and sufioeBSor. In 1697 eardinal de NoaiUes, archbishop of PanSf ordered the different boildings, except the chapel, to be polled down, and erected the present stmctiireat his own expense. M. de Beaumont, who liiied the see of Paris from 1746 to iiySi , desirous that his palaoe should be rendered worthy of receiving the Idng and the court, upon the occasion of high religions ceremonies at the cathedral, built a grand staircase, after the desiflBS of Pierre Desmaisons, which is univer- sally adnMrecf. The buildings were repaired, the in- terior distribution altei*ed, and the rooms furnished with magnificence. M. de Juign^, successor of M. de fieanmoat, constructed a ■ pile of building in an iniier oonrt towards the garden.
At the revolution this palace became the residence -of the chief surgeon of the H6tel-Dien, and the chapel was converted into an amphitheatre for dissection, and ana- tomical lectures. In 1802 the arcbiepiscopal palaoe was restored to its former use, and cardinaL de Belloy. took up his residence in it. The buildingn v¥ere falliiig into total ruin, when, by order of Napoleon, they were repaired and embelliflhed in 1800, under the directicm of Poyet. These works proved insufficient to save the edifice from decay, as, in 1817 it was found necessary to prop it up, till further repairs, intrusted to M. Godde, could be executed.
The principal entrance to the palace is decorated with tw^O pavilions, which bound an iron railing ornamented with spear-heads gilt. A first court leads to a second, by passing under an arch between the building of the grand sacristy and the ancient episcopal chapel, which presents a ruinous appearance. The palace, which Bounds two sides of tiie court, is more remarkable for its happy situation than for its architesture, which is irregular and mean. This defect is made up in some degree by the extent and grandeur- of the apartments, which are- ornamented ww magnificence^ and splen- didly fiimished . • The. new chapel looks to the garden ;
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ao8 F4LACS$:
Hi wdfeare covered wilk ytXkm fltenvK widk^^flHrtli in nparUe. / , ^r* • ■ .«. r •»Hl«>if » -• t»
The nt^ripr4ifthe>lMl««H;oiin|[^ i4„A$.llie4ipttr«r wenlt 0f booBor, 'wirick ate rfferrtyi^jW «>^ii^wl>w hevuits tlK csdiecfaral ; ad, tlK apMteeiiti of .Ihearck- iMihop. . . • o^. . I I .
The a^M9«ftaiCr ^hmmur Imok on tlie ,gBfikn i<Mf tiM^piay. .Xbe entrance i» on.th<tri|^ in qjtpy !■<• HweeooBdcoiiit. Attfaelyp^nf theyai»4g>w»«m"'*«< two Mrte-d^unben, l4|e seooiid ^ wbich. aefMinlH the apertiv^iiti of iIiommv fwpfi ttioiie ,qi ^ erckbuba^ Ob the lii^itaMkoiH hni^ vri^ green .?elv^ .fpd ■ak, end ogiM—itedwiiii yk pmoek. Xhef|Mi9^9ie Mcovered wMiTeketindtuk tocorremond. A^^^eimid leloenitiiledapwithonnfon^tt^. Thep^roemit the saloon of the hod jrgnards, whifch lewb Vf |;)i!^ ffTPod ceiHioil-chaniher of -dtMn^tem yAn hfM ffafiirifffsi^^ there when the 4ing is piaiMni |a. Jtie^ ^{vc^tent. J^ room is of stnoco, in imitation of marUe. Next t^ the hrtter is a gafiery, leading to the calliedraL The apmi mtenis of Um mrchbUhop consist of two dimn^-pooauv which are entered by doors on the left of the second aate-cfaanber mentioned above. JMeit is a hall, and on ito left, the lar|9e and i|dendid Ubmsy oCth^cPtdMNAop. in Hms room is a fine postrait id cardinal . TaUywyNlf aiaoMiiahop of Paris, who ihed ia i8ai. , Xbe|.aich- bithep's saloon is splendidly hfin|^^itk ccimwi^Ml^t with cartains and furniture mi the some; the iminelf and ornawmti are gilt. Next cornea ^IheprmleUhrarf, and tiim the ]»ri«ate closet of the aiidbhiah^fi, b4A hwiff in green. The arcbbiahop's bed-room iailMg ^^ cnmion silk, with curtains and fui*nitane ^ eonr^poiid. 1^ bed and chairs are splendid, la this room is a faea«tiful small ivory cnicimL, valued atoaore than 6,iioo ftvnos, which was'brought from Brazil 1^ DugoMT Trenin. The summer apartments are on the groimd- floor near the fvden. The first room is an ante-ohfaa* ber: on iu left is the private chapel of the ardibisbop, which is very neat but cobUins nothii^ remarkable. On the ri^tas a saloon hung with crimson ailk, tiie
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TkLklS M fUVnCE. 30f^
cradfiidMi. Tliebed*4^MBiislMuMEwith lilac silk, with
I. Nmtti
hcA and uMmm to <oii'capoMl,
mimifei» Ac iMWwwiH dtatabw of llie chapter, and $ke
n» jmoe liBiiLWM a garden of about two aerm, taslelkllj laid o«t and jilanled, hj <a«briel Thouin. It m ^ndaand by a wafl, vpon wMch are padisadea witit ipeap4iead8 gilt; and it itembeUiriiadwitiia fouMain, tte waller gming inm a rock into a Wain. Since, qoa^rs have been iwintd n^on tbe ami ocenpied bf wvtitahed konda, ti» nakce and garden afford a fine new 4ff ttie river, tibt island of ^. Itouia, the whie wharf , the qnayB, etc.
It ia mflcnitfo obtain pemnanon to aea thia pdaep. 1h peiwn li allowed to enter when the archhiahep ia fromhome; and thepreaent prelate reqoies, that apfdi^ oitionafar aiwiiwien ahoidd faemadehy lettar, addreaaed iwmediaileiy «o htSHrif.
PALAIS DE JUSTICE, Plate du Palais de Justice* 7%ia edtfioa^ alao anlkd U PaUus^ waa formerly tlte Miidenoe of the kinga of France. Its origin is kiat in the mghtef tioie, hut it appears to have been occupied by Dajyahert, and oartainly was inhabited 1^ the coaaU Qjf Pana^ and the m^rHdoaaos or mayosa of the pakoe. Eades or Odo dwelt in it in the ninth oentory, and aome of the tewers bnilt by him still exist. Hugh Capet united this pakoe to the domains of tlie crown, and haa son RoJbeK, abont the year loeo, oonstnicted aorat of tiie gaUeriea and towers. This ancient structure was eadamd and embellished by St. Louis, who inliabited it, and who also bnilt Oie SayUe-Chapelie. Under Phi- lippe le Bel, about the year i5i3, it was almost entirely rabnUt. Louis XI, Charka YDI, and Loais XU, Ukewiwe made conaiderabk additions to it. Tlie PaHemerU of Pnria first held their sittings in the Pal4us under the reign of St. Loots, and here they continued to hold thena till ^e revohition. In 1 5649 when Charks T left
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aiO VkLkCESl
the a(^ to live at ihe bdtelde SH^-^amky Uw^iriMf was merely aa assemblage of large towera <Nmii9niuioatii]^ with each other by galleries. The exteonve garden formerly belonging to this palace was forHked or iBq>roved by king Ghildebert I. In 1 4io, dninng the quamls be* tween tiie duke of Orleaiois, and the duke de Bonqipogne, -which filled Paris with disorder, Charles VI, oonai- dering himself unsafe at the hdtel de St.-Panli came and dwelt in the Pakta.* Francis I also resided here in i53i. This royal residence seems to have been used from an early period for state oersiiioniea*
On the 7th of May, 161 8, the anotent and magnififwiit ix>om called ia saiie du Palais^ with several oonti^iioiis buiidinfi[8, were destroyed by fire. It was in this hall thatambatftedors were received, that splendid banquets were given, and the nuptial fe^vals of the rofsl family were held. The roof was «f timber, sUf^ited by och liunns also of wood, enriched with gilding.i^Mn anaxnuft ground. In intervening spaMtes, were statues «f the kings of France, from Pharaniond.to Francis I, with an inscription stating the name of each king, tbe lengtli« of his reign, and the year of his death. • At one evtremity of the hall was the chapel built by St. Louis, und at the other was an immense block of marble, which served for a dining^table upon state occasions) To : this, lahle none wete admitted but emperors, kkti^, princetof the Wood, peers arid» peeresses of France.* fiy,afiiingu\ar contrast, this table was afterwaixis used/'aS a stagtt^'r the/arcesj morality et soiiises performed \n.}^'^ar' lots. After the fn^e in 1 61 8 the grwuie M£fe, .also called la salie des Pas^perdus, wasardsuilt jlfter the desiens of Desbrosses, andfinished in i6aa. Its length is tztofeet, and its breadth 84. It consists of -tw^' spacious colla- teral na\'e8, with vaulted ceilings, separated by arches i-esting upon squave pillat^is. The dt?coration is of the Doric oixler, and light is admitted by two large arched windows, and four small oval ones, at the exti^miliea. Tlie saUe des Pas-perdus is the Westminster-hall of PaHs. It serves as a protnetiade^ and leads to the Court V of Cassation, the Tribunal de Premiei*c Instance, and other apartments. The Royal Court holds its sittings
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PALAIS BK JVSTICE. 211
w thf^ Miitni Inildkig, oppoiite the snnd ftght ot stefM; MAtfi»C«Bi^of Atriie^<i8Md>bdbiiultlie«bove, and is entaMd by a gallery dnfted with tkofM, cxtendiog in tlie^BiMiifr \mm m Uw smUe deg Pmthperdtu, In this hall ^'Monniiient, after the designs ci DamoBt, was ereetod is 18^2, to the meauiry of iSte oooragMMis and imforlmurte llalesherbes. It consists of a statae of that upright minister and bold defender of Looia XVI, with a figure of Fidriity on one side, and of grateful FrMioe on the other. The pedestal presents a bas-relief, in which liouis X¥I is represented giving instmetions to Malesherfacs^ Trencfaet, and S^^ier. Over the door kading 'to the Gowt of Cassation, is a ba^-nelief of
Benefldt the'^stfifo^j Pms^erAu is arooM of the saml* diMMsicttsy -called Im Cuisine de Si. Urns. Like the roow-abooe it is<divided into two naves bj pillars^ which emend its whole length and snpport a vault. At the four ceraers are chimneys of large dimensions, re? markablcfor their constmetion. A stairoMe still exists^ which probably served for carryine the dishes to table when grand entertainments were given.
Abo^ the $aUe lin Pas^permts are three vaulted rooms constructed towards the end of the reign of Louis XV, ill %rder to form a depdt of archives . The construc- tion" of tllese galleries is imwh admired. The vaults are foVftaed'of hoHow l]k*icks, invented by the architect Antohle. -Thus, of these three stones, the hall on the mtmnd^floor is of the reign of Louis IX-; that of the nnk floor of the timeof Louis XIII, and that of the se- cond, ahno8tof.ourowndi^s.
In 1776, another fire destroyed the buildings eortend- ing from the prisoners' gdlery to the Sainte-Ghapelle, and a plan was then formed to erect a front corresr ponding witii the dignity of the Palaoeof Justice. The modem part of the structure, as it now appears, wa^ conMructed under the superintendence of Messre. Mo- reau, Desmaisons, Couture, and Antdine, members of the Academy of Architecture, who also lermed the semi-circular place before the palace. The front of this/^ building presents a platform, ascended by an Mnmense
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ii^ of ^lefm^ ^rittck serrcs as a liiBPinffifr for a aro* jecftmgfcody lof four Doric eoloBms. Aham 9im ^ntmi- tOTP U abaknli^de'yftndiipoafbarpedettidaarecoloiHil statucB rqiveMakng «^ylreiigtt& and AlwiaJkanco» by Be- ttier, iMid jvritice aikI Pnidlenoe, by Leoomte. The < tnl fiTQJeotnff body is fluraMUled by a ^oadrai^ done, at tbeMKoir winch are tiro an^dseiii^MMtiDg die amis of France, by i^joa. On each side of the AM i»«narcb,oneofwkich leads 1» the Tkibwal of Mice, the oilhflr to a sanll ooart.
Tbetwo wings, whkb exftMid tto th<j itFee(, consist, on lihe jpoAnd-floor, of ^aas, above which lire two dBh ries. Xowvrda ihe atveel, the iinnp ore oroasMiyed with four Doric columns, and a balnstrade td oom»: |iond witii &e facade. bttbenghtwingisalMgeflnd handsome staivease, wbich leads lo the Mtik4» Pm*^ per^Ats ; and tbnt iaiding to the crinunaL raomrtf' con- rtructed at the mub fctme, is^eqindly iKinarkable. The outer oonit, osiled C^ut dm dfmV in «>nte4|«enoe of an ancieirt: centaiony performed in ift, is enciosedlby pali- sades and iron gal^ i4o feet in length. Xbe ceutral gate is overdiarged' with 'ooclly emainenllSH lichly gilt, and little in accord with tbe gsnenil sobriety ofthe stniotnre^ '. "*
Thediffettont parts of tbe Pabiia tietatn the character of the architectnre of the tines in which thegr ikmre built. On Hk foai de Fliorloge aie t#o to wei*s sttfmoaBfted by. roofs, in tfaonfamofttcone^and a third tower, ofianialler dimensions^ ^vlrich ^eems of a later' date. IHie loftiest tower is^n syust fonn, and«ocnnies thean^ Ibrmed by the jqnay and th^ nie de la BniUerte.
In this tower was placed liie ^rsC 4ai^ dock .eeen' in Paris. It was made in i Syo, br a <xernian, named Hen- ry de Vic,) whomtCharfes Y invited to FranoOi The bell, called iocsmdaPaUu^ cast at the sameilime, and hnng hi the^sane tower, repeated the signal given by thd beU of the chuiteh of St.^Germain-4'Auxerrois for the massacre on St. Barth6kMnew*s day. The wall of the Palais contiguous tb the tower, fronting the Marchd- -aux-Fleurs, is decorated with two lisures, by Germain Pih)ii, of large proportions and in hi^ reliefvJpepresent-
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PALilS VB JUSTICE. 9l!(
ing Jaslioe and ^Ireiigth. On the side next the quay a wing Has Tvcently been boih in order to eidarge ieveral df tlie Coartk of Justice. Here also is the entrance to the Gondun-gerie, fronivtiicfti prison the nnfortnaate Marie Antoinette was led to the scaffold.*
1^ Court of Cassation holds its sitthigs in a room whidi was lormeriy the grande chambre of the porie- ment. The Gothic ornaments were removed, and in their piace was suhstituted, by 1^eyre, in tSio, a deco- ration simple in desion biit rich in ornament. This Court is adorned with statnes of the Chancellors D* A- gottseaRi and L'HApital, by De«etne. The c<^Qg of the Comtof Aflsizes is omameitted with paintings by Jean sniABan BouUogne.
The Owr des Qmptes occupies a separate building in Qie eounde la SaiffteClhapeHe. It was erected in i ;;4o, atf^ the designs erf Gabriel,' hot presents nothing re- markable^i On the left of tiiis bnildinji is an arch, said tobe^«vrcMli «ff Jean Gr«ii^n, wbi^ is one of tlie most x^emaitc^ib cenAmcdoBs in the CHij from lihe richness and'perfedfita of il» ornaments. On each side, above the^vauh^ riles "an orehed -iHndow, presenting two cou- pled Ionic piksters, tfae«capi«ds of which are sculptured in small lines, a kind of ornament unexamined, it is stud, in that order; On 'the larrstone of the arohitautt are twdiieadsiaffeuiisi^'OBehas litfnging pigs' ears and ser- pm^ 'CMiwined with its hair. The corhitse of ^e ar- cddlfisiSiippoitBd-bT eijriit consoles riehly adorned with foliagi^hnd termMtted by four fenrie heads, which dif- fer from eachtoAih^4n'«ltHiide, physiognomy and dress^ ixxt all have a cresosut iniMir hahr. Four correspond- ing heads, ' placediMidtor the 'aroh^ ire Dsiuns with noras. In the'canssons, trikii^ adorti the lower prtof the cor- nice, is the monbgitmi of Henry II and Diana of Poitiers, so often found on the monuments erected by that prince. This monogram is here accompanied by a yieur-de-lis aind a ereswut. Behind tiieCour des-Comptes is the ^rijfitctare He FoUce^ Ibrmerly the hotel of the first lH*e-
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21 4 PkLkCBS :
sHlcat of tlic Parlement. To the ngfc^t of the ooijur de Harlay are the depeodencies oFthe Coaciergerie.
Id tlie place du Palais de Justice, the sentences of cd- minals who stand in the pillory, or ai% branded are car- ried into execution.
La SAiNTB-CflArsLLE DQ pALAis. — ^Upou the spoty now occupied by the Saint&Chapelle, there originaJJjr stood a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas, which was erected by king Robert, and afterwai'ds an oratory, constructed by Loui$4e-Gros. St. Louis having purchased of Baldr win, emperor of Constantinople, the reai crown of thorns and other relics, at an immense expen8e> con- structed the Sainte-Chapelle for their reception. The ■ buildings, erected after the designs of PieiTe de Mour treuilijcousist of two chapels, one above the other, both of which wei^ dedicated on the same day, in laiS ;. the upper one by Eudes, legate of the Sovereign Pondfi*, in lionour of the Holy Crown of thorns ; and the lower one by Philip, aichbishop of Bourges, in honour of the Virgin. The. Sainte-Chapelle and its ti*easure cost. St. Louis a sum equal to 2,800,000 fr. present money. This structure, which is one of the finest edifices of the middle ages in Europe, rests solely upon slender detached co- lumns . Its height, fropi the pavement of the lower cha- pel to' the top of the pediment, is > one hundred and ten feet. The upper chapel is one hundi*ed and. ten feet in length by twenty-seven in breadth. The ornaments, both within and witliout, are finished witli remarkable elegance and delicacy. Tlie windows, of painted glass, representing scriptural subjects, were greatly admired for their height and the beauty and variety of the colours ; some fine remains may still be seen. The lower chapel formerly served as a parish-church for the servants of the canous and chaplains, as weU as for the inhabitants of the Goui't of tlie Palais. In one of the vaults was bu- ried the celebrated poet Boileau, in 1 7 u .. To tlie ri^t of the upper chapel is shown a small oratory to which St. Louis Impaired daily to hear mass. The steeple of this chapel, a work remarkable for its lightness, having fallen into decay, was taken down a few yeara befoi^ the
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PALAIS DES TMERMIS. Sl5
Revahliou. The Saiiit^lMipeUe is af^oached from the me de la Calandre beneath a portico, above whick M a bas-rdiefy by Goia, fifteen feet in length hj seven in heigjht. It represents the Chanihre des Coniptes receiving the oaduof all the generals of both secular and regidar orders. This building is now converted into a depot of judicial archives. Tlwy consist of more than io,eoo ▼olDiDes, in folio, written upon parchment^ and more tbah twenty thousand minutes of difierent jurisdictions annulled at the time of the Revolution. The depot, likewise^ contains some very curious papei*s, hi|[hly in- teresttng in an* historical point of view. This depot, from its nature, cannot be open to the public as a libra- ry, ^ut the arichiviste readily ^ows it to strangers . Ap- plication must be made at his office under the first ardi to the left on entering %he court of the PaUis.
PALAIS DV TEMPLE, Sec page 145 .
PALAIS DE LTODUSTRIE NATIONALE. Quai dCOr^ay. This magnificent although unfinished building was begun under the reign of Napoleon, but the works were discontinued in i8i5. The principal front will consist of a central pile and two wings ornamented with two orders of architecture, which are Carried roahd theotlier side of the edifice, in inlitation of the Pamesc palace at Rome. It was originany destined as a residence for the Minister for Foreign Affairs. Nb progress was made towards the Completion of this palace between 1 8 1 3 and i83o. In the beginning of the latter year, Charles X issued an ordonnance determining that the sti^ucture should be finished, and approprialsd as a palace for the exhibition of the productions of French industty.
PALAIS DES THERMES,
No* 63, ruedc la Harpe.
^ Paris can boast ofi)ut few. monuments of very remote
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3Jj6 FAX.AGBS.:
anliquHy., w^^ck is partljf to be attKU>iited to 4ws^dk«■d- &il i»vag^ of the NoroiaDft ia the niotk ami teQlii-c«»- turies^ The veuen^l^ niiii» of ajk edifiae eaMed MMt <i»« Tk§rmss^ ai>e lUMpi^tfioiieU j t: monuaieB^ of Boman a^ohitectam, and oft that aiccounteiilreiiiely inteosftiim. From liie tmtimoay oC higtory it i» poovecL that aevecaJ RoBiMi enperora i^^uded ooowieiMUly atParis« op rather Mar it,, for the town then conaifited oaiy of that part wUoh ia 90W calkd the Citd ; and they oertatnly hid a habitatiou worthy to raceive them. Jutian appeais to hare ro^Mied there longest. He meiitiooe Pans ia his viorke, aud was theve when he was* proclaimed eiMpe- ror . Historr. and several pnblie acta also -rapresenl Go- vis, the founder of the Franch nuMiaixhy,. and several ol his sucoessonB of the lirst and second nices^ as inhabit- ing the Pal0is des Thermg0 till the re^ reaidsoce was transferred to the edifice called the palais^ now appro- priated to the administration of justice^ Finally, a tra- dition from the most remote times and autlientic docu- ments since 1 138, gives the name o( Palais des Thermes to the building in the rue de la Harpe. Excavations niade at wirious periods have led to discoveries which tend to estahhsh the identity of these ruins with tlie pa- lace of the Roman emperojk*s ; su^h as tha^. the Roman road from.Paris,toOi4eans passed close by this spot; and the. latebns ocadkBy spoken of by Ammianius iVIarcel- linns, ai:e found in the vicinity oftheJ^alaisdes Thermes. To tliese may be added that there is in Pai^is no other ediUce that has resisted, for an equal period, so many active <mises of destruction. It. seeni» tp have oocupiecl a considerable space, aud to have contained thef-mm^ or warm-baths, as» its name indicates. The dnl^ pei^ect part of this palace remaining, is a hall, presentmg in its plan: two contiguous parallelojgrams forming togetlier a single room. The largest is sij^ty-two • feet in lensth by forty-two in breadth, and the smallest is thirty feet by eighteen. The semi-circular groined vault which co- vers this hall is forty-two feet above the ground ; it is substantially built, and above it was, fbr a great num- ber of yean, a thick bed of monld, cultivate as a gar- den, and planted with trees. The architectmre of this
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PAI.AIS DB THBHMES. 217
hail is plain and majestic . The walls are decorated with three grand arcades, of which that in the centre is the most lofty. In the wall to the sontb, the central arcade presents thb form of alargesemi-drcldar recess, inwhich , as well as in the lateral arcades, stkne holes m pierced, which lead to the presumption that the^Served ibr the tntrodnction of water to the haths. The groins of the vtadt rest upon consoles, which represent the stems of ships : in one some human ficures mayhe^ftistingaished. These stems, the symbols of water, may probably have served to dftiracterise a place destined for baths. The masonry of this hall is composed of alternate rows of sqoared stones and bricks, covered in sohte pl:^es by a coat of Stucco four or five inches thick. A fine light enters hj a circular-headed window in front of the en- trance above the great recess, and precisely under the arch of the vaulting.
This interestiBg monument of antiquity had lon^ been used by a cooper as a workshop; but, in 18 19, it was porchased by the government, with the view of convert- ing it into a Musie d? AntiquHiis . The houses which obstrocted the view of it from the rue de La Harpe were demolished, and it was roofed, in order to save it from further ruin. The principal discoveries since that pe- riod are, a flidit of stairs leading dovm to subterranean chambers, and al vfdl which seems to have formed a re- servoir for the water of the baths . It appears, howAv er , that the ancient foundations extend under several con- tiguous houses, which mnst be demolished if it were sought to ascertain the real extent of the Palais des Thermes, , , , . ^ ^
These rains may be visited by applying to the Con- cierge^ upon the spot, or at No. 60, rue de La Harpe.
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2 1 8 PUBLIC EDIFICES I
CHAPTER IX. PUBLIC EDIFIGES.
HOTEL DE VILLE, Place de Grice. The place where the corps de ville or municipalitj of Parts assembled under the first and second races of kings is not known. In the earliest reigns of the third race, their meetings were held in a house called la Mai- son de la Marchandise, situated in the Yall^ de la Mis^re. From thence they removed to the Parlow cuix Bourgeois^ near the Grand Chatelet, and afterwards to a kind of tower in the city wall, which, like the preced- ing, took the name of Parioir aux Bourgeois . In i SSy , the municipality purchased, for 2880 livresparisis^ toe maison de la Gr^ve^ called also maison aux Piliersy because it was supported in front by a ran^e of pillars. This house had formerly belonged to Pliihp Augustus, and was frequently made a royal residence. Upon the site of this and some neighbouring houses the H6tel-de- Ville was erected. The first stone was laid July i5, 1 535, by Pierre de Yiole , pr^St des marchands. The front was raised to the second storey in the Gothic style ; but a taste for the fine arts, which had long flourished in Italy, beginning to dawn upon France, the whimsical forms of Gothic architecture fell into disrepute. In 1 549, Dominick Boccadoro, sumamed Cortona, an Ita- lian architect, presented a new plan to Henry II, which was adopted ; but the building proceeded slowly, and was not completed till the reign of Henry lY in i6o5, under the celebrated pr^u6t Francois Miron . The archi- tecture of the Hdtel-de-Yille presents nothing remark- able, except that it is one of the first buildings in Paris which displayed a return to regularity of forms, and a correct style of decoration; notwithstanding this ad- vantage, the bad taste of the age is apparent in all its parts. The ground story is ornamented with three- Digitized by Google
bAtel db ville. 2119
quarter componte cohmins, and the first floor vrith nichefl for statues. Over tlie principal entrance, in the pediment, was a bas-relief in bronze, by Biard, repre- senting Henry lY on horseback. This was polled down during the war de la Fronde^ restored by the son of Biard, destroyed during the Revolution, and renewed in plaster in 1814. The clock cost an immense sum. It u the work of Lepaute, and may be considered one of the best in Europe. At night it is lighted by a lampe jmraboUque, so that the hour may constantly be seen. The dock is surrounded by several statues, but all of them, except that of the city of Paris distributing crowns, are so much mutUated that it is impossible to discover whom they were intended to represent. A flight of steps leads from the place de Gr^e to the princi[nl en- trance of the Hotel, and is prolonged by a stair-case to a vestibule, which is handsomely ornamented with sculpture. B^ond the vestibule is a court surrounded with porticoes, which support the building. Upon the frieze were marble tablets with inseriptions in golden letters, which marked the principal events in the life of Louis XIV, from his marriage in i65o to 1689. There were also inscriptions of the most striking events in the reign of Louis XV . The court was likewise ornamented with medallions representing portraits of the pr^uSis and the dchevins. In this court is a bronze statue, by Coysevox, of Louis XIV ^h^ssed d la Greeque^ but with a court wig; it stands on a pedestal of white marble, which formerly was embelliAied with ornaments and bore an inscription.
The H6tel-de-Ville was the theatre of violent disor- ders during the war de la Fronde^ and also at the revo- lution. At the latter period its apartments, which con- tained many valuable paintings and ornaments, were stripped of every thing that could call to mind a mo narchical government. The spirit of destruction which then reigned respected, however, the twelve months of the year, carved in wood, in one of the rooms near the Grande Sidle. At this period it was called Biaison Commune^ and the busts of Marat and Chalier were placed in the grand hall. Destined afterwards to infe-
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220 PUBLIC EDIFICES :
rior lues, this edifice seemed devoted to oblivion, yvhea, in 1801, the project was formed of establishing in it the prefecture of the department.
The execution of this project led to the ootnplete re- pair of the U6tel-de-yille, which was effected ander the direction of Molinoe, with' eqoal skill and oeJeritf . The building was considerably enlarged ; to effect which , the hospital and church du St.-Esprit and the diurch of St.-Jean-en-Grive were added. Upon the rctam of Louis Xym, the emblems of the reigning dynasty were restored.
From the vestibule a grand staircase leads to the Appar- iementd'Honneur, The Grande SaHe or SalieduTrSm, forms a banqueting room, where civic festivals are given. It is hung with crimson velvet paper ornamented with golden^nrv ile Us, and surromided by a rich border. The chairs, so£ais, and curtains, are of crimson silk. The two chimney-pieces are ancient and heavy, bnt extremely rich in ornament; they are of coloured maible, sop- ported by cariatides, and each is surmounted by two fiill-lengdi recumbent figures in white marble ; above is apedimentsustainedby twomarble columns, likewise crowned with two figures'; one of them is ornamented with a portrait of Louis XVI, and a bust of Charles X ; and the other with a portrait of Louis XVIQ, and busts of that monarch and Henry lY. In fr(Mit of the central window is a smaU equestrian statue of Henry IV, in bronze, after the model of that on the Pont-Neuf. Be- yond the Grande Salle are several smaller rooms that contain some fine pictures, and a statue of Charles X . When lighted up by thirteen rich lustres suspended from the ceiling, the Grande Salle is extremely magni- ficent. Upon grand occasions, when splendid civic en- tertainments are civen, temporary rooms are formed at the H6tel-de-Viue, by covering in the courts.
The Sidle de Saint-Jean, the only remains of the church dedicated to that saint, presents a vast paralldogram, lighted from above, and decorated with 12 Corinthian columns, behind which is a gallery. This ro<»n was fitted up after the designs of F. Blondel, and is admired for the beauty of its proportions. It is appropriated to
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^ke drawiBg for the coBScripCs, and serm m a room for refreshineiits opon grand civic fttes.
Tlie As& ^AnfoMme is a room tliaC was boilt of wood, for the civic festivities ^pven upon tlie retnm of the duke of Angonl^me to Pans, after &e campaign in Spain m i825. It being determined to preserve the paintings executed npon that occasion, it has been cased with stone, and now forms one of the principal rooms. Hie pannels are ornamented with Spanish ficores, and the ceiling represents the jprineipal events of the cam- pasgn, 9U(^ as the entry oithe prince into Madrid ; the meeting with ^le king and qneen of Spain at Port Santa Biau4a,etc. The Jkil^eif.<tf>ifOtt/iAiitf is preceded bj a room called Skrfle des Cohwies^ which is ornamented in the florid Gotiiie style, and is so named because it preMtts a great number of slender columns, which support the roof.
The Hdtel-de-yille, which is the seat of the prefecture of the department of ^e Seine and the municipal admi- nistration of Paris, may be seen every day before three o'clock, Sundays excepted.
HOTEL ROYAL DES^INVALroES.'
The first establishment in France for military inva- lids was faimed by Henry IV, in i5g6, in an ancient convent in the &uboarg St.-Marcel, and was afterwards transfoned to the Chateau of Bicdtre, by Louis Xm. Louis XIV, by whose wars the number of invalids was greatly augmented^ determined to erect a building to receive them, commensurate with the object of its desti- nation. A spacious piece of ground was p'u'cbased, and fiinds were assigned for the construction and en- dowment of this establishment. The foundations were laid in November, 1670, and at the end of four years se- veral officers and soldiers made it their abode. The main building and the first church were constructed by Liberal Bmant. The second church, or the dome, is
* Thij pffiBCcly esUblishmcnt has a dependence at AWgnon.
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the work oC Ji^es Hardouin Maxuart. The holel oocii-* pies the iinmeiise space of i6 acres. Its bi^eadth is 333$ and its length, from the front to the ditch beyond the dome, is 346. The entii*e mass of building surrounds 35 courts. It is situated near the Plaine de Grenelle, at a short distance from the Seine, commands fine prospects, and enjoys the advantage of a healthy posi- tion.
Under the reigns of Louis XY and Louis XYI, France being for the most part at peace, the number of invalids was diminished, but the institution maintained its dig- nity, privileges, and internal regulations. At the Ke- volution the H6tel des Invalides took the name of Temple de VHinnaniti; and during the disasters of that period was always respected. Under Napoleon it was called Temple de Mars^ and the number of its inmate» was considerably augmented. At the restoration the hotel resumed its original title.
This ma^iiicent establishment is under the diredioii. of the minister of war. Its affairs are managed by a council of administration, which is presided by the mi- nister, or, in his absence, by the governor of iJie hotel. The governor, who is an officer of high rank, has a staff under his command. Skilful physicians and surgeons are attached to the institution, and the Soeurs de la Cka- ritS nurse the sick with the tenderest care. The war- riors find in this asylum abundant and wholesome food, every attention to their infirmities and wounds, and paj proportioned to the rank which they held in the army. . The hotel is capable of containing 7,000 inmates, but at present there are not more than 3,ooo, including the out-pensioners.
£sPLAHA]«.-»The hotel is approached by an esp^nade planted with trees, which extends from the quay on the b»nk of the Seine, to the iron gate of the outer court, and m'^asures i4io feet by 780. It was planted in i75o, after the designs of De Cotte, superintendent otthe king's buildings and gardens. It is divided into exten- sive grass-plots by roads, which are skirted by barriers. In the centre of the high road, which traverses the espla- nade and forms a link between the two parts of the mc
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St. Dominique, is a circular basin, from the centre of ^ich rises a fountain, formerly censiating of a pedestal surmounted by the celebrated bronze lion brou^t from the Race of St. Mark, at Venice. This trophy was taken back to Venice by the Anatrians, in i8i5; and in i8a5 was replaced by an enormous boutfuet ofjieurs de it's, gilt, three feet in height, exclusive of the pedestal. These flowers are eight in number, and in the centre of each is a small orifice from which water issues. Out of the midst of the bouquet rises a larger^Ieur de lis which also sends forth water. The esplanade is lighted by lamps supported by iron rods, surmounted hy JUurs de Its, and inserted in posts of ^nite. From this spot communications are formed with the Champ-de-Mars and the boulevai'd, by avenues of trees. It was the in- tention of Napoleon to have converted the esplanade into a kind of military elysium, comprising the statue of every ancient and modem hero, placed under tho waving foliage.
GiAMD OS NotmiN FioHT.-^The outer court is sur* rounded by ditches faced with stone, and closed by iron gates, surmounted by the arms of France, richly gilt . On each side of the gates is a pavilion of stone, ornamented with military trophies and the royal initials; one of them serves as a guard-house, and the other as a porter s- lodge. Upon each platform behind the ditches is a battery of seven 24 pounders, which are fired upon grand festivals and remarkable occasions. The duty is per- formed hj the invalids.
The front of the hotel is 613 feet in length ; it is di- vided into four storeys, and presents three projecting masses. That in the centre is decorated with Ionic pi- lasters, supporting a grand arch, ornamented with mi- litary trophies, in which is a bas-relief of Louis XIV on horseback, attended by Justice and Prudence, by Car- teUier. Upon the pedestal isthe following inscription :— *
LuDovicus Magnus,
■ILITIBVS HKGALl MViriFICCRTIA, 111 PBUPBTCUII PBOVIDBKS
■AS ADBS POSt'IT, AB. M.DC.LXXT.
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On the sides of the entrance are statues of Mars and Minerva, by Goustou, junior, and the keystone of the arch presents the head of Hercules. The niUDber of windows in the front is 186, exclusive of those of the fourth storey, which are dormer windovrs, ornamented with military trophies above the entaMatnre. At the extremities are two lar^ pavilions crowned by mih'tary trophies, resting JXjpaa attics. They are tenninated by square terraces surrounded with balconies. In 1800, the four bronse figures by Desjardins, which adorned the statue of Louis AlY, in the phu» des Yictoires, were placed at the angles of these pavilions. The figures are i a feet high, and represent tiie na.tions conquered by France.
GoiTi RoTALB.— This court, which is 3ia feet lon^and IQ2 broad, is entered by a spacious and elecant vestibule adorned with columns. It is surrounded by fou* piles of building, having projections in their centre, ana pa* vilions at the angles. Each pile is decorated with two ranges of beautinilly formed arcades, crowned by an en- tablature, and terminated by windows ornamented wi^ military trophies. At each angle is a group of horses treading the attributes of war beneath their feet. Be- hind the arcades are spacious galleries. Beneath the lower galleries is an immense range of cellars capable of containing 4*000 pipes of wine.
The Cour noyale, which is one of the finest qjecimens of architecture in existence, is not less remarluible for the regularity than the grandeur of its proportions. At the bottom of the coiut, in front of the entrance, is the portico of the church, formed of columns of the Tonic and composite orders. It is surmounted by a pe- diment which contains a clock, supported by statues of Time and Study, and is crowned by a small steeple ter- minated by a cross. The clock, was placed here in 1781, and is one of the finest productions of Lepaute. By as- cendingthe upper gallery the works may be seen through a window. It is upon a horizontal and perfectly sym- metrical plan, so that the movement of all tlie pieces may be perceived. It strikes the hours and quarters, and gives warning before it strikes. It marks the hours.
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days, aod montlis, «s also, with the greatest precision, the liOorB and minutes of the trae time, or the return of the son at the meridian of each day. Its moTement is n€A affected by heat or cold. The works of this clock are I a feet in breadth, and the pendulum is 12 feet Jong; and yet, such is the perfection of its execution, that the weight which sets it in motion is only five pounds.
LrTKaioi.— The wings on the right and left of the front are occupied by uie governor, his staff, the physi- cians and surgeons. In the piles of building to the right and left on entering the Gour Royale, are four grand re- fectories, or dining*rooms, contiguous to the galleries on the ground-floor. Each of them is i5o feet in length by a4 in breadth. One is devoted to the officers, and the three others to the sub-officers and privates. These refectories are ornamented with paintings in fresco, ex- ecuted by Martin, a pupil of Vanaer-Meulen, represent- ing difi'erent fortified towns and places in Flanders, Holland, Alsace, Franche Gomt^, Burgundy, etc., con- quered by Louis XrV. The paintings of the privates' refectories were ret6uched in i8ao, by Vauthier.
In the Jirst re/ectorpr (on the left of the court) is a krge picture over the <KH>r, which represents Louis XIV seated upon clouds, surrounded by the Graces, and at- tended hj Justice, Strength, Prudence, and Temperance^ who put to flight Ignorance and Superstition. In a group of figures are seen Abundance and Munificence, and France in the act of thanksgiving for the benefits conferred upon her by the monaroi. Above the clouds appears the God of Battles with the Genii of War, one cf whom is measuring the earth with a compass. The side of the room opposite to the windows is decorated with pictures of the taking of Gambray, Charleroy, Toumay, Douay, Bergues, St. Vinox, Lille, Fumes, Courtray, Alost, Oudenarde, etc. Over the other door is a large picture in which Louis XIV is represented on horseback, followed by his guards, and returning f^om his concraests. Before him is Fame eager to proclaim his deeds ; and behind him are Valour and Victory bearing palm-branches. In the fore-ground appears
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Franche-Comt^, under the figora of a woman in chains, accompanied by an old man in the attitude of a conquered enemy. In the panneb between the win- dows are represented the taking of Besancon, SaUns, Dole, Gray, Jouy, St.-Lanrent-Laroche, an<{ Ste.-Anne.
In the second refecionr. (on the same side), which is much smaller tlian the former, is a large picture over the door representing the declaration of war against Holland. The king appears seated upon a lit de justice-, attended by Reason, Religion, and Justice, -wno seem to counsel him to declare war. Pallas is at his feet, and the Genius of War is drawing up the act of deckration. In the foreground is seen Bellona preparing to dead around her disorder and death. Siie destroys e?ei*y thing she meets, and seems to contemn the cries of a child who runs after her. In the back-ground is the Temple of Janus, from whence flock the nations dismayed at the declaration of war. .Peace, struggling upon the ground, endeavours to lift up an olive-branch, and beckons a ge- nius who, having taken a helmet and other arms, infuses to listen, and runs to the battle. . On the side of the room opposite to the windows ai^ the taking of Reim- berg, Oi^oi, Wesel, Fort de la Lippe, Rees, Schin, Emerick, Guritz, Zutphen, Narden, Utrecht, and Tiel. On the pannels between the yv^indows are the taking of Graves, Bommel, Cr^vecoeur, Fort St. Andrew, Voom, INimeguen, Znotxembours, Oudenarde, Culembourg, Doesbourg, Yianem, and Arnheim.
In the Uiird refectory (on the right of the court), over the door, is a large picture of Louis XIV, accompanied by Minerva, Bellona, and Victory. The monarch seems to be directing his course towards the Meuse, represented as already sul>dued, by presenting to the king a star which forms the arms of the town of Maestricnt. On the right is the Rhine rendering homage to the monarch, and on the left is Europe. Opposite the windows are several pictures which represent the taking of Maesti*icht; the battle of Senef, the taking of Dinan, the raising of the siege of Ondenarde by the combined Spanish, Im- perial, and Dutch armies, the taking of Limbourg, etc. Between each of these pictures are military trophies «
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Beti^een the windows are the taking of Jonx, fiesancon, Ddle, Salins, Lure, Yesoul, and Fauoonnier. Over the other door is a large picture of Clemency seated upon military trophies, holding a victory in her hand, with this inscription :-^Ffclom dementia.
In ihejburth refectory (also on the right), is a larae picture of the kin^ on hoi*sehack, giving orders for the expeditions on his latter campaigns. Opposite the win- dows ai« pictures of the taking of Valenciennes, Gondii, Gamhray, fiouchain, St. Omer, and Aire, the succour of Maestricht, and the battle of Mont Gassel. Between the windows are the burning of the bridge of Strasbourg, the taking of Ypres, Fort Rouge, Puicerda, St. Guilain, Fribourg, Fort de Linck, and Bouillon, and the battle of St. Denis, near Mons. Above the second door ap- pears Louis XIV receiving the thanks of the ambassadors of Spain, Holland, and Germany, for the peace which he had just made with them.
Colonels and lieutenant-colonels have the privilege of taking their meals in their own rooms. The officers in the refectory are served upon plate and porcelain, at tables of 12 each. Their hour for breakfast is i/a past 10, and for dinner, 5. The sub-officers and privates, being numerous, are divided into two parties to take their meals, viz. I St party, breakfast 1/4 before 1 1 , dinner 4 : 2d party, breakfast 1 2 , dinner 6 . Privates as well as officers are al< lowed meat at both breakfiist and dinner, and each man has a bottle of wine a day. Twelfth-day and St. -Louis's day are festivals at the H6tel des Invalides, and extra allow- ances are then granted to all the inmates. It is highly in- teresting to see these veterans seated at their repasts.
Visitors are generally shown the officers* refectory alone, which gives them a correct idea of the paintings, and the system of meals at the hotel. From the refec- tory he proceeds to the kitchens, which are very near, and from thence to the plate-room, where he is shown the plate presented by Maria Louisa, when empress, for the use of the officers. In each of these places a small fee is given to the cicerone.
The libraiyy founded by Napoleon, occupies the first floor of the central pavilion of the principal front. It is
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richly ornamented with carved wood, and contains about 20,000 Tolumes. From the window a fine wiew is commanded of an avenue which is prolonged in the €hamp8-Elys^ to the avenue de Neuiily. Upon the table is a model, in v^ood, of the church of the Ddme. Under a bust of Louis XYDi, in white marble, is the following inscription :*-*
LBS VIBDX DKTBtfSBVRS DB l'btaT BN ONT ICI PL1CB8 LB PiltB.
The library is open to the invalids daily, except on Sundays and festivals, from nine o'clock in the morning till .three in the afternoon.
The councilH:hamber is contiguous to the library. The king having decided, by an ordomumce of March 26ih, 1823, that the portraits of the marshals of France should, at their decease, be removed from the palace of the Tuileries to that of the H6tel des Invalides, they are placed in the council-chamber, and two adjoining rooms, with other pictures, till a gallery be prepared to receive them.
The dormitories are above the refectories, at the first and second stories, and consist of eight spacious rooms called, I, salle de Louvois; 2, saile d'Haupoult; 5, salle de Luxembourg ; 4^ salle de Mars ; 5, salle d'Assas; 6, salle de Latour d'Auvergne; 7, salle de Bayard ; 8, salle de KUber. These dormitories are remarkaJ>le for their extent, order, and cleanliness. The other sleeping-rooms contain each from four to eight beds.
The kitchens are two in number, and are situated be- hind the refectories on the left. One serves for the of- ficers, and the other for the privates. Adjoining them is a lai*der for the provisions required for the consump- tion of the day. Nearly 1000 pounds weight of naeal is daily put into the coppers, and the sanu quantity is used for ragouts. 25 bushels of vegetables are likewisi consumed daily. The meat and vegetables are dresset by economical furnaces, each of which contains eigh laree coppers. There are in Uie kitchens two coppers each of which will dress 1200 lbs. of meat.
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The mfiwnutries are upon an extensive scale, are well amd, aD4 possess every reqaislle dependence. They are seven in number, and are known by the names o( 1, saUedeSt.^Loois; 2, salledeSt.-Joseph; 3, salle de la Yaleiir ; 4, salle de St.-Yuicent-de-Paulie ; 5, salia de la Yictoive; 69 salle de St.*Goflie, No. i ; 7, salle de St.- Gome, No. 2. Besides Uie rooms alreaay mentioned, there are extensive offices commensurate with the mag- nitude of this splendid establishment. Several models of fortified towns in France, formerly at the H6tel des Invalides, have been removed to the Musie Dauphin.
On the eastern side of the hotel is a building, called BAtimetU Half, erected in 1749 ^7 Louis XV, for the residence of officers of different ranks. It is Sgo feet in length, by 36 in breadth, andconsists of a-^nnd-floor apd attic. In front of thb building Js a walk for the bHpd.
FifffT GxuiCH, called Eolisb Ancixion. -—This church, to whleh a recUHr and three chaplains are attached, is devoted to the officers and invalids of the establishment. This edifice and that of ^e Ddme are neaiiy of an equal length from north to south. The two churches togeUier are 420 feet in length and about 4o feet in their least breadth. The first churofa is 66 fleet in height from the pavement to the centre of the v»;dted roof. Aft the northern extremity axid on the sides are ^eries built in iB arches, ornamented with 20 Gormthian pilas- ters. Other pilasters of the same order ooiqded to- gether form a semicircle towards the south, which serves as a sanctuary in front of the high ahar. The fflceatest breadlh, indnding the aisles, is nearly 72 feet. The aides and galleries receive light by 36 windows, exclusive of eight humUa above the entablature. The ceiling is of stone. It is divided into compartments by bands ornamented with roses,.,^^iirs de lis, and ci-owns. The bigh-altar* stands under an arch 60 feet in heidht by 24 in breadth, between the coupled piUsters, and has
* This atear ia placed with iU back to that of the second church or dome, so as to form one altar with two fronts. As this is one of the principal ornaments of the dome, we shall include it m our description of it.
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for its impost the same Corinthian entablature as that which decorates the ceiling. The arch is ornamented with emblems of religion in bas'^vlief. Under the key- stone is a trian^e wiui radiiy having in the centre the word Jehovah m Hebrew*, and two angels prostrate at its sides. Near the imposts of the arch on each side, are military trophies witb shields bearing the aims of France. Two compartments, between the three pre* ceding, contain, one the fisare of tiie Ark of the Cove- nant ; and the other that of the Holy Sacrament. Four larce altar-candlesticks are represented on the sides of each of these bas-reliefs.
The railing which separates the choir from the nave and the aisles is a piece of workmanship tmly splendid ; it is of polished iron and brass, ornamented with military emblems. The posts which support the gates foroi clusters of pikes surmounted by sl Jleur-^e-lis, and fSe gates present swords crossed, with a shield in the centre, upon which are the initials of Charles X. Th<; choir and the sanctuary are paved vnth beautiful marble. The sanctuary is 54 feet in length from east to west, by 36 in breadth from north to south, and ja in height to the key-stone of the ceiling. Two female figures are seated upon the bands of each of the lower windows of tibe sanctuary, by the side of a bracket, from which are sus- pended garlands of flowers. The figures of the western window represent Charity and Christian Liberality. Those of the eastern are Faith and Hope.
The pulpit is an object of the utmost magnificence, being composed entirely of veined marble and bronze gilt. The body of the pulpit forms a semicircular pro- jection thickly sprinkled with stars; the mouldings are all of silt bronze of fine execution, as are B^ bas-reliefs, one of which represents Christ preaching to the people ; two, angels recording the exploits of war, and two, the four evaneelists writing the gospeb. The pannel which forms the back of the pulpit is a bas-relief, in which are tables of the commandments of God and those of the church, encircled by a GI017. The sound- ing-board, a marble canopy richly decorated with Cherubim, fleurs de lis, stars and mouldings in gilt
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bronze, and sarmottnted by tbe royal crown on a cothiony is supported by four Corintluan columns, of wbich the lower part of the shaft and the capitals are gilt. Above the preacher's head is a bas-relief re- presentinc the Holy Ghost in the form of a dove, sur- rounded by a gloiT. The stairs leading to the pulpit are of marble, and the railing of beautifullv executed polished iron and brass. Near the pulpit is a chapel dedicated to the Virgin, which contains a statue of the Virgin and child, gilt. Above the principal entrance to this church, firom the Cour Royale, is an organ, richly ornamented with carving and gilding.
Under the nave a spacious vault in which formerly the principal officers of tlie establishment were interred. Governors alone are now allowed to be buried there.
Upon the first pilaster to the right, on entering the nave, is a moniunent to the memory of the Count de Gnibert, eovemor of the hotel, who died in 1^86. It consists of a pedestal surmounted by an obelisk in white veined marble. Upon the middle of the obelisk is a trophy composed 01 a shield ornamented with Medusa's head crossed by a sword, the whole surmounted by a crown of laurel suspended to a patera by a sash. The trophy is in bronze partly gilt. Upon the pedestal IS an inscription.
Upon the first pilaster on the opposite side is the monument of the duke de Qoigny , governor of the hotel, who died in 1822. It is of veined marble, and extends the whole breadth of the pilaster. It is decorated on each side with two lances, to the heads of which are attached sabres with the point downwards, supporting "^ wreath of cypress. Above the wreath are the arms of the Duke in bronze, and below is an inscription. This church was formerly decorated with numerous tro- phies : the sword of Frederick the Great and three thousand colours were suspended from the roof. On the evening before the entrance of the allied armies into Paris (March 5i, 1814)9 the duke de Feltre, minister of war, ordered the sword to be broken, and the colours to be burnt. The orders to that effect were given thrice before they were executed.
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D6mb, 01 otcoifD GouiCB.^ In front of the dome is a. court or esplanade, bounded by a ditch faced with fllotie and fenced by barriers. In the centre of the ditdi was formerly a wooden draw-bridge, which was lowered when the king visited the church. From the ditch extends a fine avenue, called dvenuls de Breteuil, from whence a noble view of the bnilding is obtained. Two other avenues equally fine, the Avenue de SSgur and the Avenue du Boulevard dei InvetlideSj extend on each side in a sloping direction.
This dome is considered one of the masterpieces of French architecture. It was erected after the designs of Jules Hardouin Mansart, and the works occupied thirty years. This edifice is ranked with those oi St. Peter at Rome, and St. Paul in Londoti, though of much smaDer dimensions than the latter, and infinitely below the former. The building presents a regular cfuadrilateral mass, which measures 168 feet on each side. Its principal front is towards the south. In the centre are two different orders of architecture, orna- mented with columns and pilasters, the Doric order below, and the Corinthian above. An attic decorated with pilasters rises ttpon the Doric order at the ex- tremities. A flight of 1 5 steps leads to the portico, which forms a projecting body. It is ornamented with 14 -Doric columns, and six pilasters. Four columns are in front, and two near the church-door, which is richly ornamented with fleurs de lis, and the initials of St. Louis. Between four columns less advanced than the preceding, are two niches, in each of whidi is a statue of white marble, one representing St. Loui^ clothed in a warrior's habit for the conquest of the Holy Land, by Goustou, senior ; the other is Charle- magne, by Coysevox. Above the Doric entablature rise 10 Corinthian colimins accompanied by pilasters, in a line with those below. In front of four pilasters of the attic are statues, of which those nearest the centre re- present Justice and Temperance, and those futhest from it. Prudence and Strength. The central projec- tion is terminated by a pediment, in which are the arms of France. Round the church is a stone balustrade.
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At the ai%le8 of the bnfldiD^ were formerly four groapfi, in ^t lead, representiag four doctors of the Latin and four of die Greek chnnch. These were destroyed at the Bevolution, hot have been recast, and will be re- stored io their former sitoation .
The eastern and western fronts have each a projecting * bodj in the centre, with an entablature, upon which rises the atClc. Four pilasters support a pediment, in whidi are die arms of France. Above the central window are sculptor^ angels supporting a crovm upon a cushion.-
NothiUg can exceed the richness of the principal front, ahhoue^ it must be admitted that much of the effect is lost by its division into storeys. The dome is surroilnded by 4o composite columns, between whidi are i3 windows surmounted by a cornice.
Above tlie composite columns are a balustrade and an afttie, decorated with la semicircular windows, orna- mented wtdi festoons of flowers. Eight scrolls ip the form of brackets, between which were colossal statues, conttibnte greatly to the embellishment and solidity of the attic. Above the cornice of the attic are candela- bra, behind which rises the summit of the dome. The latter is ocnered with lead, and divided into 12 large compartments, adorned with militaiy trophies in bas- relief, and above them, carlands and other ornaments of metal gih. In the midst of the trophies are helms, in which dormer windows are contrived. Above the dome rises a lantern, encircled by a balcony, and sur- mounted by a spire and a cross, the whole of which is richly giH. The lantern is pierced with four arches, and adorned with 12 columns.
In the interior, the dome is supported by four large masses, pierceA with arches, so as to afford from the centre a view of four round chapels, separated fit)m each other hj a Greek cross . The pilasters which adorn these masses, as well as the eight Corinthian columns in front, arc fluted, and executed with great perfection. The columns, placed on each side of the entrances to the four chapels, support upon their entablature four galleries with gtlt balustrades. The architecture of the church
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is in allparU omunented jfrixHifleurs de lis and the ini^ lials of St. Louis. The dome is united to the old church by two round sacristies, and the arch in which the high* altar stands. The entire pavement is formed of beantiM marble in compartments, inlaid with lilies and ciphers, the arms of France, and the cordon of the order of the Holy Ghost.
The hi^-altar, which was destroyed at the Revolii- tion, has been restored under the direction of Boischard, and forms a most masnifioent object. It presents a iront to each church, ana is situated in the midst of six. co- lumns, three, in the form .of a triangle, being placed on each side. The columns are ornamented with bands of vine-leaves and wheat-ears, which pursue a spiral direc- tion from the base to the capital. Upon the entabla- ture which they bear are six angels, by Marin, eight feet in height, four of which support the drapery of a superb canopy richly adorned with embroidery, and looped up with cords. The other two angels, placed upon the columns, are turned towards the tabernacle, and each holds a censer. Above the canopy are two cherubim, holding a globe surmounted by a cross. The altars, placed back to back, are of white marble enriched with bas-reliefs, and ornaments in bronze gilt. That towards the dome is decorated with a large bas-relief, rcprcseuting Christ at the foot of the cross, adored by holy women, who kiss his feet. The bas-rehefs on each side pi^esent the attributes and ciphers of the king. Upon the altar is a socle which serves for a tabemade ; the bas-reUef in front represents the word Jehovah in a halo, surrounded by a wreath of vine-leaves and wheat-ears. The two sides of the altar are decorated with lilies crossed^ so as to form a wreath. The front of the altar, towards the church, has abas-relief formed by two palm-branches^ in the centre of which are the initials of St. Louis (S. L.)> to whom the church is dedicated.
The altar belonging to the first church, being lower by ten steps than that of the dome, pi^esents a front of less extent ; consequently the part which rises above this altar forms a kind of stylobatc, the ground of which is divided into lozenges, enriched ys'iih Jleurs de its in.
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gilt bronze. The tabemade, which is of large propor- tions, is decorated with four Anted Corinthian columns. The front and sides, of white marble, are enriched with antique candelabra, to which are attached wreaths of fruit. The pavement of the high-altar is a beautiful coloured marble or mosaic-work.
The chapels of the dome are six in number ; two of them, with the great door, macnificently ornamented wiihjieurs de Us and the initiau of St. Louis, and the sanctuary, form the Greek cross; the four others are at the angles. The latter, in the same style of architecture, and decorated with similar ornaments, are ascended by seven marble steps. Their elevation is about ^4 f<^^ by a diameter of 36. Eight three-quarter columns of the Corinthian order, raised upon pedestals, have between them at equal distances three arches, three niches, and two windows, and support an entablature, above which b a kind of attic from which the vaulted ceiling sprincs. The attic presents four figures of bas-relief surmounted ny escutcheons. These bas-reliefs are separated from each other by bucklers and olive, laurel and palm branches, intermingled with lilies, roses, and other flowers, ac- cording to the different symbols of the four Fatliers of the Church to whom the chapels are dedicated . Above the attics are projecting tablets, supported by angels, and ornamented with foliage and shell-work.
Tho-£rst chapel to the right, on entering by the great door, is dedicated to St. Augustine. . It contains the following pictures by Louis Boullogne, viz.: — St. Au- gustine preaching at Hipposia, in the presence of bishop V alerius *, his Baptism ; his Conversion ; the Saint on his death-bed, curing a sick man; his Confcrance at Car- thage with the followers of Donatus, whom he confounds in the presence of Marcellinus, proconsul of Africa ; his consecration to the episcopal office, by Megalius, primate of JVumidia : the ceiling represents the apotheosis of St. Augustine. This chapel formerly possessed marble sta- tues of St. Augustine, St. Alypius, and St. Monica. It now contains a marble statue of Religion, by Girardon, and those of St. Alypius and St. Monica in plaster. Under the windows and pictures are gilt bas-i-eliefs;,
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representing saints, by Anselm^e Flamant. Over th<? siae entrances are two medaUions containing bas-reliefe in stone by Jean Ponltier, one representing St. Lonis giving andience and administering justice to his subjects ; and the other, that monarch presenting to the venera- tion of the people a part of the holy cross which he had brought from Jerusalem. The bas-relief over the opening leading to the dome is byLapiei^re, and represents Reli- gion, under the figive of a woman holding a cross, and who has near her the model of a church.
The next chapel is that of the Holy Virgin. Upon the spot where the high^tar stood, a monument was erected to marshal Yauban, in 1807, ^ century after his death, by the royal body of engineers. It presents an obelisk of deep blue stucco. Below is a base of Serancolin marble, upon which is a white marble sode with a tablet of black marble bearing this simple inscription— -Tauban . Above the sode, amidst emblems of fortifications, rises a column in black stucco surmounted by a funereal urn in white marble, which contains the heart of the mar- shal. The joining of the two parts of the um is covered with a bronze serpent, the emblem of immortality. Upon the basement are military trophies and emblems of the dignity of marshal. The chapd is 38 feet in depth, hy^ 4o in length and 60 in height. Two arches lead fron^ it to the chapeb of St. Ambrose and St. Augustine. Above that which leads to the chapel of St. Anmtose i* a bas-relief, representing St. Louis giving orders foir the construction of the hospital des Quinze-Vingts.- That above the arch leading to the chapel of St. Augus- tine is by Simon Hurtrelle, and represents the capture of Damietta. The female figures upon the archivault- of the window are Prudence and Temperance, by Philip Magnier.
The chapel of St. Ambrose is next the sanctuary, and contains' the following pictures, by Bon Bonllogne. Above the entrance, St. Ambrose converting a disciple of Arius; next, St. Ambrose finding the body of St. Nazarius, martyr ; his happy Death ; curing a Demoniac ; enforcing penitence upon the emperor Theodosius; his election to the bishopric of Milan : the ceiling represents
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die apotheosis of St. Ambrose. In this chapel were formerlj statues of St. Ambrose, St. Satire, and St. Mar- cellina. Above the side entrances is a bas-relief, bj Poultier, of St. Lonis washing the feet of a poor man, and one, by Philip Magnier, representing a vision, in which St. Louis Saw Jesus Christ under the form of a child. The bas-relief above the opening leading to the lomc represents Humility. The gilt bas-reliefs under Jie windows and Side-pictares represent concerts of angels, by Anselme Flamant, St. Omer, and Hardy^
The chapel next the sanctuary on the opposite side is dedicated to St. Gregory, and contains the following pictures, by Michael Gorneille : above the enti*arice, St. Gregory distributing his goods to the poor ; next, St. Eustache, having been converted by St. Gregory, burns what he had written upon the sttbject of the resurrec- tion ; Jesus Christ appearing to St. Gregory ; a proces- siofi ordained by St. Gregory for the cessation of the plague at Rome ; an angel appearing to St. Gregory ; the translation of his body. On the ceiling is the apo- theosis of St. Gregory. The only statue here is St. Sylvia, in plaster. Above the entrance nearest to the sanctuary is a bas-relief, by Lapierre, of two angels sup- porting a medallion, which represents the pope s legate giving the cross and his benediction to St. Louis, upon is departure on the. crusade. Above the opposite en- trance is St. Louis'sr marriage, by the same artist. Above the enti^nce leading to the dome is the figure of Hope, by Le Gomte: the gilt bas-reliefs under the windows, and side pictures, represent angels seated upon clouds, and having musical instruments, hj Pouhicr.
The chapel of Ste. Thirise is of the same dimensions as that of the Holy Virgin, and contains the monument of Turenne, after the £signs of Lebrun, as it formerly stood in the abbey church of St. penis, fi^m whence it was removed to the Museum of French Monuments, and aftemards erected at the Invalids, in 1799. This mo- nument represents the hero expiring in the arms of Immortality, who crowns him with laurels, which she lifts towards heaven. At the marshal's feet is an af-
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fi*ighted eagle, a sjnnbol of the empire over which Tu- renne gained several victories. This grand composi- tion, terminated by an obelisk in veined marble, was sculptured by Tuby . In front of the tomb is a bas-re- lief in bronze, repi^esenting the battle of Turkeim. Be- neath are figures of Wisdom and Valour, by Marsy. Upon the basement is the simple inscription— Tuuennk. Over the arches which lead to the chapels of St. Gre- goity and St. Jerome, are bas-reliefis. That over the former is St. Louis touching and healing the sick, by Philip Magnier. The other is the ti*anslation of the crown of thorns from Jerusalem to France, by Van Qeve. The two figures upon the archi-vault of the window re- present Justice and Strength.
The next and last, is the chapel of St.-J^rome. The pictures are by Bon Boullogne, and represent, above the entrance, St. Jerome reprimanded by Jesus Christ, lor his attachment to profane books ; next, the same saint in a desert, afraid of God's judgments ; his death; bis ordination as a priest; his baptism; his visit to the tombs of the martyrs, in the environs of Rome. On the ceiling is the apotheosis of St. Jerome. The statues formerly here were St. Jerome, St. Paul, and St. Eus- tache, in mai'ble. The present statues are St. Paul, St. John, and St. Eustache, m plaster. The gilt bas-relieft under the windows, and siae pictures, represent groups of pronhets, by Nicholas Goustou. Above the entrance- to wards the chapel of Ste.-Th^rese, is a ba»*relief of two angels supporting a medallion, in which St. Louis is represented attendmg the sick, by Poultier ; over the opposite arch is St. Louis, at the funeral of the war- riors slain during the holy war, by the same artist. Over the opening which leads to the dome is a bas-re- lief of Charity.
The four chapels just described correspond with the centre of the grand dome, which presents a most ma-* jestic appeai*ance; its height is 190 feet, and its dia- meter 60. Above the great door are the royal arms, supported by two angels, by Comeille Van Cleve. Above the o])enings of the four chapels at the angles, are bas-reliefs of extneme beauty . Over those of the chapel
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of St. Augustine are St. Louis on his death-bed receiving extreme auction, by Comeille Van Gleve, and an angel holding a hehnet, by Coysevox. Over the chapel of St. Ambrose, St. Louis is represented sending out mission- mm t0 the Infidels, by Sebastian Slodtz ; and an angel bearing a buckler, by Nicholas Goustou. Over Uie chapel of St. Gregory, is St. Louis serving the poor at ^le, by Legros ; and an angel holding the holy ampulla, by Antoine Flamant. Over the chapel of St. Jerome is uie pope pronouncing'his benediction upon St. Louis and his children, by Francis Spingola ; and an angel holding in one hand a crown, and in the other a flag enriched with Jleurs-de-liSy by Comeille Van Cleve.
The entire ceiling of the grand sanctuary of the dome Ji painted or gilt. Two magnificent productions of Foel Coypel first attract the attention. One represents tlje Trinity, with angels in adoration ; the second, which is below die former, is the assumption of the Virgin. Tie arch which forms a frame for these paintings is ridily sculptured and gilt. This part of the church is lighted by two windows, on the sides of which are figures of angels, with instruments of music. The pic- ture to the right is by Bon Boulloene, and that to the left is by Louis BouUogne. The vault of the dome forms four arches, in the pendentives of which, above the gal- leries with gilt balustrades, are the four evangelists, by Charies de k Fosse . They are masterpieces, and being the lowest of all the pictures, and in the best light, are the most oonspicfuous and remarkable. Towards the sanctuary are, St. Mark holding a pencil, and St. Mat- thew .with a book ; on the opposite side, St. Luke, with an anfi^, bearing a crown ; and St. John, with an angel, hoUbng the manuscript of his gospel. Above the pendentives are an entablature and an attic, in mosaic, ornamented with medallions, in bas-relief, of 12 of the kings of France.* These portraits are Clovis, Dagobert,
* At the Revolution these portraits were transformed into those of Grecian and Roman philosophers, with Voltaire and Rousseau among them. Upon restorini; them, Pepin le Bref was aubsti- tntcd for Childebert.
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Pepin -k-Bref, Chariemagne, Louis -le-Debonnaire, Gharles-le-Chauve, Philip-Augustus, St.-Louis, Louis Xn, Henry lY, Louis Xm, and Louis XIV. These me- dallions are hy Bosio, Tannay, Rutxhiel, and Cartellier.
The attic serves as a hasement for 34 coupled com- posite pilasters, between which are windows richly ornamented with brackets, from which garlands are suspended. Upon the pilasters rests an entablature from which the upper part of the vault springs. Arches ornamented with baskets of roses correspond to the pi- lasters beneath. Between them are 1 a windows, aibore which are 12 pictures more than 38 feet in hiki^t, by 1 1 in breadth at bottom, and about eight at top. They were painted by Jouvenet, and represent the 13 apostl^ with their attributes, as follows: St. James the Elder, with an angel before him ; St. Andrew, with three ch^^ rubs ; St. Paul, with an angel bearing a sword; St. Peter, with a cross and angels ; St. James the Less, with an angal ; St. Philip, with two angels and a cross ; St. Thomas, crowned by an angel holding a cup; St. Jude, with, an angel and sword ; St. Simon, with an angel and saw ; St. Matthias, with angels holdine axes and crowns ; St. Bartholomew, with an angel holoing a cntlasq.
The cornice above the^e pictures is ornamented with vine-leaves, and forms a circular opening 4B feet in di- ameter, through which is seen a second ceiling, that receives light by windows not seen from within. The painting of this ceiling, by Lafosse, is of vast extent and admirable execution. It represents St. Louis arrayed in his royal robes, entering into glory amidst anflels, and presenting to Jesus Christ the swora with whxca he tri- umphed over the enemies of the Christian name. This picture is 5o feet in diameter, and contains more th^n 3o figures of colossal size.
The hotel may be seen daily, from 10 o'clock in the morning till four in the afternoon, the visitor having na other formality to fulfil than to inscribe his name in a book at the porter's lodge. In the interior there are guides to conduct strangers.
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HOTEL DES MONNAIES, Quai Conti. A mint, in the capital of a powerful state, holds a high rank among the public buildings. There is reason to suppose that money was coined at Paris under the first race of kings ; it is certain that it was struck under the second. The building devoted to this purpose was probably part of the palais de la cit^. At a later pe- riod, after the northern faubourg had been inclosed within the city walls, the mint was transferred to that cmarter. . A mint was afterwards established in the rue de la Monnaie. This building falling into ruins, the government determined to pufi it down, and erect a new mint. The site of the H6tel de Conti having been judged ehgible for that purpose, its demolition was be- gan in 1768. Plans were furnished by Jacques Denis Antoine, and the first stone of the present magnificent structure was laid on the 3oth of April, 1 77 1 , by the Abb^ Terray, comptroUer-general of the finances, as proxy for Louis XV. The principal front is 36o feet in length, and 78 in elevation. It isthree storeys high, each storey having ny openinss for windows and doors. In the centre is a projecting mass, which being pierced vrith five arcades on the ground-floor, serves for an entrance, and forms a basement for six columns of the Ionic or- der. These columns support an# entablature and an attic, ornamented with festoons and six statues, placed in a perpendicular line with the columns. Thie statues, which represent Peace, Commerce, Prudence, Law, Strength, and Abundance, are by Lecorate, Pigalle, and Mouchy.
The front towards the inie Guen^caud is 348 feet in length, and although less omamentea than that towards the quay, presents a noble appearandfe. Two pavilions rise at its extremities, and a third in the centre ; the in- termediate buildings have only two storeys. The pavi- lion in the centre, which forms a projecting mass, is ornamented with four statues of the Elements, the num- ber of which, at the time of its construction, was con- desired to be four. These statues are by, Caffieri and
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DupH. In this front is a door by which the workmen enter.
The central arcade of the principal front leads into a superb vestibule, adorned with a 4 fluted Doric columns. On the right is a magnificent staircase decorated with sixteen columns of the same order.
The jj^an of the edifice consists of eight courts, sur- rounded with buildings devoted to difiPerent purposes. The court leading tothe vestibule is the most spacious, being i lo feet in length, by 61 in breadth, and is sur- rounded by a covered gallery, in front of which are busts of Henry II, Louis Xul, Louis XTV, and Louis XY, by whom important improvements were introduced into the establishment, xhe peristyle in front, formed of four Doric columns, leads to the salle des Balanciers. This room is 1 10 feet in length, by 9:1 in breadth ; the ceiling is supported by columns of the Tuscan order. At the bottom is a statue of Fortune, by Mouchy. The architect had the precaution to detach this part of the edifice, in order that the other buildings might not feel the effects of the concussion occasioned by the stamping- machines. The visitor is conducted to the Jbtrndry^ where the metal is melted and cast in bars ; to the salle des Laminoirs^where the bars are flattened and punched; the salie de Recuiiy where the bars after having been flattened are subjected to the action of fire, so that they will sooner break than bend; the scdle d Blanchir, where the pieces of metal when cut are brought to their natural colour ; the salle des JJusteurs, where the pieces are weighed and reduced to their standard weight; the salle d^Impressiofiy where the exergue is impressed on the ed^e of the coin ; and the saUe des Balanciers ^ where the com is struck.
The Cabinet de Mindralogie formerly attached to the mint has been annexed to that at the Garden of Plants, so as to form one magnificent mineralogical collection.
In the farthest pavihon in the rue Gu^n^gaud i<< a door leading to the Cabinet de la Monnaie des M^daiUes^ which was transfen*ed to tliis edifice from the Louvre. It contains a complete collection of all the dies and punches of the medals and counters struck in France,
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siDoe the time of Francis I. Medals are sold here for the benefit of the establishment. This cabinet is subject to the control of the minister of the interior. The other branches of the mint are dependent upon the minister of the finances.
In the BStel des Monnaies are performed all the ope- rations of coining, besides the verification and stamping of the gold and silver articles made in Paris. It is also the seat of the general administration of the coins of the realm. I%e ouantity of gold money coined in it from the a8th of March, 1 8o3, to the 5i8t of March, i8aa, amounted to the sum of 774>ooo,ooofr. ; and of silver, to 594,000,000 fr.
In England there is only one mint for the whole kingdom. In France, besides the HAtel des Monnaies at Paris, there are mints in \i other cities of France: viz. Bayonne, Bordeaux, la Rochelle, Lille, Limoges, Lyons, Marseilles, Nantes, Perpignan, Rouen, Stras- boure, and Toulouse. Each mint has its separate offi- cers, but all are subject to the authority of the Adminis^ tration des Monnaies,
The Cabinet de laMormaie des MddaiUes, and the rooms where the medals are struck, as well as the pro- cess of striking, are shown to strangers on Mondays and Fridays, from ten to four o'clock. Permission to see the operations of coining is easily obtained, upon appli- cation by.letter (post-paid) to M. le CommissairedaJtoi, or M. le Directeur, d VEdiel des Monnaies.
OBSERVATORY. See Scientific Inttitutions'
HOTEL DES POSTES (GSKiaAL post officb), Bue Jean Jacques Rousseau. This hotel, towards the end of the i5th century, was merely r^lurge house, called V Image Saint JaequeSy be- longing to Jacques Rebours, procureurde la viUe. It i^as purchased and rebuilt by the duke d'Epemon, and afterwards sold by his son to Barth^lemi d'Hervart, comptroller-general of the finances. The latter nearly
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rebuilt it, and spared no expense to make it a magniiicent habitation. It was remarkable for several works of Mignard, and for a picture in the chapel by Bon Boul- logne. This hotel afterwards bore the name of d'Ar- menonville, till it was purchased by the government, in 1 757 , for the General Post-office. ^
llie service of the Post-office in Paris consists in the distribution at Paris of letters from the departments and foreign countries, and those put in at Paris, for Paris; the aistribution of journals and periodical publications ^ the reception of the postage of paid letters ; and the col- lection and dispatch of the letters, etc. put into the difife- rentoffices of the capital. Paid letters for Paris,the depart- ments, or foreign countries, are carried, to tfie General Post-office, or the bureaux ^arrondissement^ paid letters for Paris and the department of the Seine, and unpaid letters for the depaiiments, and those foreign countries to which the payment of postage is not obliga- tory, are also received at theboxesof thePetftePo^/c. The General Post-office has in different quarters of Paris, nine auxiliary boxes, called bureaux aarrondissemenl; and dependent upon the latter are 209 boxes of the Pe- lite Posie. Besides these, there are boxes at the fix- change, at No. 4) place du Carousel; No. 19, rue de Vaugirard, near the Chamber of Peers ; and at the Chamber of Deputies.
The following list vnll show the situation of the bu- reaux ^arrondusemeni^ and the number of petty boxes dependent upon each :-—
Ut, Rue Lenoir St.-Honore, 25 petty boxes ; 2d, rae des Tonr- nelles, No. 52, 24 do. ;3d, me duGrand-Ghantier, No. 7, dOdo. ; 4th, rue Bergerc, No. 1 1 , 20 do. ; 5th, rue de S^ze, 2 1 do. ; 6th, rue de VemeuU, No. 20, 22 do. ; 7th, rue Conde, No. 24, 25 do. ; 8th, rue des Fosses St.-Victor, No. 35,1 6 do. ; 9th, rue Notre-Dame- dcs-Victoires, No. 28, 26 do.
The mails leave Paris daily at six o'clock in the evening. The last collection of letters for the day is, made, at the petty boxes, at seven o'clock ; at the bureaux ^arrotv^ dissemeni, at half-past eight; and at the Exchange box and Greneral Post-office, at five. Paid letters, to be sent off the same day for foreign countries, and for the depart-
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meats, aro received at the bureaux iParrondissement till three o'clock, and at the Post-office till four. The o^ce for paid letters is open from nine till five. Unpaid letters, to go oFthe same day for the departments and for those foreign countries to which the payment of postage is not obligatory, are received at the petty boxes till three; at the bureaux cCarrondissement tillhaU-past three, and at the Exchange and General Post-office till five. Letters, csdled Lettresde Bourse^ destined for the depart- ments or foreign countries, are received (whether paid or unpaid) at the General PostH>ffice till five o'clock. These letters must be printed upon half a sheet of paper, and be folded in a particular manner. (
The post days for England are Mondays, Tuesday^^ Fridays, and Saturdays. Letters arrive from England on Sundajs^ Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays. The postage of an ordinary sized letter for England is 16 sous, and from England ^4 sous ; but the French post-office governs its charges according to the weight, in conse- quence of which a letter upon thick paper is charged 56 sous, and sometimes 4B sous. Besides the ordi- nary Calais mail, there is an esiqfeUe, estabUshed Au- gust I St, 1829, which arrives and departs four times a week, and by which letters, journals, etc. are received 24 hours earlier than by the ordinary mail, in Paris and in London. The days of arrival at Paris are Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays; and those of depar- ture, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays. These letters, upon which must be written, par estqfettCy are received at the General Post-office, and at the bureau. No. a8, rue Wotre-Dame-des-Victoires, till half-past four ; they pay an extra postage of six sous upon the charge of 16 sous for an ordinary sized letter sent irom Paris, with an increase in proportion to their weight. The same scale of extra charge is applicable to letters from England. Besides the mails which start in all.di- rections at six o'clock in the evening, letters are sent off at seven in the morning from the 1st of April to the I'st oi October; and at eight from the ist of October to the 1st Of April, for Antony, Bercy, Bondy, Boura-la- Reine, Gharenton, Enghien, la Maison-Blanche, Mont-
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rouge, Nanterre, Neuillr, Passy, Sevres, St.-CIoud, St.-Denis, St.-Germam, Versailles, and la Villette. At one o'clock letters are agpin dispatched to the same places, and to Argenteuil, Arpajon, Beaumont-soi^ Oise, Boissy-St.-Leger, le Bourget, Brie^omte-Robert, Ghantilly, la Chapelle-en-Serval, Claye, Corheil, Dam- martin, Ecouen, Essonne, Etampes, Etrechy, Francon- ville, Fromentean, Gonesse, Grosbois, Lamy, Lieu- saint, Linas, Livry, Longjumeau, Lonvres, Luxapches, Meanx, Melmi, le Menil-Amelot, Menlan, MoisseUes, IVeanphle, Palaiseau, Poissy , Pont-Chartrain, Ponthiery, Pontoise, RambouiUet, Ris, Senlis, Trapes, Triel,Vaiix, Villeneuve-St.4ieorge and ViUe-Parisis. * The towns which receive two mails a day dispatch two, which reach Paris at 1 1 in the morning, and four in the after- noon. The places which receive only one extra mail, send off one, which arrives at four o'clock in the aftei^ noon. Each mail carries four passengers, who are booked at the Hdtel des Postes.
Journals, periodical publications, and other works, are sent under a band by post, at the rate of one sous per sheet for France, and two sous for foreign countries, where a similar arrangement exists. These packets, which are very convenient for literary communications, are received at the general office till twelve o* dock in winter and one in summer.
It is not permitted to inclose coin in letters ; but at the General Post-office and the bureaux d^arrondissement money for any part of France is received, on paying five per cent, and seven sous for a draft on a stamp.
At the bureaux ^arrondissementy as well as at the General Post-office, letters and packets of importance are received to be taken special care of, on paying double postage.
Letters, etc. « for the French colonies in America, the French settlements in India, the United States of Ame- rica, and all other countries or states beyond sea, must be paid for as far as the sea-port at which they are to be shipped ; but letters, etc. , for the Cape of Good Hope and the En^ish possessions in the East Indies, can only be paid for i n England . Letters, etc . , for and fi'om Mexico, con-
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vejed by the government monthly packets from Bor- deaux to Vera Cmz and wo0 i^ndj are paid to the place of their destination; those conveyed by other packets or iressels, which is at the option of those who send them, are paid only to the ports where they are shipped.
A foreimer may have his letters directed to him poste restanie,rM%y or at any other town where he intends to go. On applyins at the Post-office, and showing his passport or card, me letter will be delivered ; but the best and safest way is to have them addressed to the care of a friend, or some established house.
There is at the Post-office the Bureau 4e Rebuts where letters misaddressed or unclaimed remain a year and a a day -, after which they are opened, and, according to their contents, destroyed or returned to the address of the writer.
The Petite Poste was established in 1760. The number of boxes, as we have already stated, is 200. The letters for Paris and the neighbourhood are col- lected and distributed every two hojurs: from seven in the momins to seven in the evening inclusive. The charge of a Tetter by the Petite Poste is three sous.
On Sundays and holidays, when the exchange is shut, the general Post-office is closed at two o'clock instead of five ; paid letters for foreign countries and the depart- ments are received till one only, at all the bureaux, and unpaid till two o' clock ; the bureau for periodical publications is closed at noon. Letters, etc., to be sent to England, par estafetie^ are received till two o' clock.
The system of the French postroffice is very inferior to that of England, notwithstanding great improvements have been introduced within a few years.
IMPRIMERIE ROYALE. J>fo. 89, F'eiUe rue du Temple. This establishment, founded by Francis I, is the finest and richest in the world. Besides the characters known by the name of Grec de Garamond^ it possesses a splen- did collection of Hebrew, Syriac» Persian, Arabic, Ar- menian, Ethiopian, Etruscan, Samaritan, and other
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type. It was first established on the ^oond-floor and entresol of the galleir of the Louvre ; it was afterwards transferred to the Hotel de Toulouse (now the Bancme de France} ; and finally, in 1 809, to a dependence of tke Hdtel de Saubise, where it still continues . This building was erected in 1713, and is commonly called Palais Cardinal^ from its having been built by Cardinal de Rohan, into whose famfly the H6tel de Soubise had previously passed. The front towards the court is very plain ; that towards the garden is decorated with a pro- jection formed on the ground-floor of four Doric columns, and at the first floor of four Ionic columns, surmounted by an attic and a pediment.
At this office, which is under the controul of the Minister of Justice, are printed royal ordonnances, papers of the different public offices, memoirs of the Institute, works which are considered sufficiently useful for the government to bear the expense of the impression, etc., etc.
When Pius VII visited ^is establishment, in 1 804, !i3o presses were set to work, of which i5o presented him with the Lord's prayer in as many languages. The compliment intended to be paid to the pope upon this occasion was not well judged, when it is considered that a great part of the characters with which the im- pression was made had been taken from the Propaganda of Rome.
At the Royal Printing-office 300 presses can be set to work simultaneously. The number of persons of hath sexes employed in this establishment is between 4oo andSoo. The annual expense is about 1,800,000 fr. ; and the quantity of paper used annually is about 80,000 reams.
Persons desirous of visiting the Royal Printing-office ara admitted upon obtaining permission of Monsieur VAdministrateur,
ARCHIVES DU ROYAUME, Rue du Ckaume. The H6tel de Soubise, in which the Archives of the
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kingdom were first deposited under the consulate of Bonaparte,*^ was built upon the site of an hotel which belonged, to the Conndtable de Clisson . It was aftei^wards possessed by the princes of the House of Lorraine, and became, in 1697, the property of Francois de Rohan, prince de Soubise. The front is composed, at the ground-floor, of 16 coupled columns of the composite order ; eight of which lorm a projection in the centre, and are surmounted by eight columns of the Corinthian order, crowned by a peaiment. The other columns of the ground-floor support statues of the four seasons, and groups of children, sculptured by Lorrain ; above the pediment are statues of Hercules and Minerva. The court, 186 feet in length by 120 in breadth, is ellip- tical, and surrounded by a covered gallery formed of 56 coupled columns, of the composite order. The princi- pal entrance is decorated without and within with coupled columns. The vestibule and staircase are orna- mented with painting? by Brunetti. It is a remarkable fact that the n^ost ancient archives of the kingdom of France are in the Tourer of London. Till the time of Philip Augustus, the French kings were accustomed to take with Uiem in their campaigns their most precious eHects, and the archives of the \ingdom. Philip Augustus having been defeated by Richard, King of England, at the battle of Fr^teval, near Vend6me, about the year I iq4, all his baggage was taken, together with the ar- chives, which were transported to London, and have remained there since that period.
Those which are still left, however, are extremely valuable, and may be seen every day, except Sundays, from nine o'clock tiU three. IN one of the manuscripts are allowed to be touched without permission of the Minister of the Interior.
BANQUE DE FRAjVCE,§ Rue de la yrill&re. The hotel in which the Bank is established long seized
* The archives deposited here are charters, laws, consdtu- tions, etc. The judicial archives are at the Sai^te-Chapelle. $ For commercial transactions of the Bank, see page 50.
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a s the habitation of noblemen before it became an edifioe of public utility. It was constructed in i6ao, for the Duke de la Yrilli^re, by Francois Mansart. In point of design it is neither beautiful nor interesting ; it is built on an irregular piece of gi^ound, and extends from the rue Neuve-deS'PetitS'-Champs to the rue BaiUif, The Count de Toulouse havine purchased it in 1715, caused great additions and embelhshments to be made, and it assumed his name. At the death of the Count de Tou- louse, it passed to the Duke de Penthi^vre, who pos- sessed it till it became national property. From ijqS to 1809, the royal printing-office was established in it. In X 81 1 , it was ceded to the Bank of France, when con- sidei^le alterations were made in it under the direc- tion of Delannoy ; the chief of which, at least in a public point of view, was the formation of the principal en- trance towards the rue de la VHUihre. This entrance is decorated with Ionic pilasters, and surmounted by statues of Prudence and Industry. On each side are bas-reliefs; one representing Mercury, and the other Plenty presenting a crown. Upon the walls which communicate with the two wings are escutcheons formed of comucopis, in the centre of which is a cock. The numerous and spacious apartments which it con- tains were formerly decorated with a profusion of orna- ments. The paintings of a picture gallery formed by the Count de Toulouse were destroyed at the revolution, but the ceiling, which is very beautiful, still exists.
LA BOURSE (the bxcbaxgb), Place de la Bourte, Most of the large towns of Europe have an edifioe, under the name of Exchange, consecrated to public commercial operations, and it generally corresponds with the opulence and commercial importance of the town where it is sitnated. By a fatality difficult to con- ceive, the capital of France, so rich in public buildings of every other description, was long destitute of so useful a structure. The Exdiangc of Paris was first established in 1724, in the ancient H6lel Mazarin, me
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Neupe^eS''PetiiS''Champs^ now attached to the Royal Lihrary. During the revolution it was transferred to the church des PetiU-Pires^ then to the Palais-Royal^ next to a temporary building in the rue Feydeau, and lastly to the majestic structure where it is now esta* blished. The hours of business are from two to five.
The want of an edifice specially devoted to commercial operations was much felt; and the suppression of the convent des FUles-St. -Thomas afforded a site in every respect adapted for such a construction. M. Brongniard was charged to furnish plans for an Exchange, and the first stone was laid on the a4th of March, 1808. The works proceeded with sw^tivily till 18149 when they were suspended ; they were subsequently resumed, and this sumptuous structure was completed in 1826. Bron- gniard dyins in i8i3, the works propeeded under the direction of Labarre.
The form of the Exchange is a para%logram of a 1 3 feet by ia$. It is surrounded by a peristyle of 66 Co- rinthian columns, supporting an entablature and an attic, and forming a, covereo gallei'y, which is ap- proached by a flight of steps extending Uie whole width of the western front. This gallenr is adorned with bas- relief, the subjects of which relate to commerce and industry- In the central window of the front is a clock. Over the entr^oe is inscribed :—
BOUA8K IT TaiSUNAL DB COMMBEGB,
The roof of this magnificent edifice is entirely formed of iron and copper.
The salle de la Bourse^ in the centre of the building, on the ground-floor, is 116 feet in length, by 76 m breadth. It is surrounded by arcades, the basements of which, as well as the sides of the room, are formed of coloured marble. Between the arcades are inscribed, in bronze letters, the names of the principal mercantile cities in the world. The roof, which rises in a coving form, has a large sky-light in the centre. It is remark- ably rich in sculpture, and is adorned with monochrome paintings of a grey colour {chiaroscuro) y in imitation of marble bas-reliefs, the figures of which are about 10
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feet in height. Their numher is i6, five on each side, and three at each end. They were executed hy M . Abel de Pujol and M. Mejmier. The subjects are as follow : On the left or north side, Commercial France accepting the Tribute of the four parts of the World — ^Europe — Asia — ^the town of Nantes — ^that of Rouen. In front of the* principal entrance : The King of France presenting the new Exchange to the City of Paris — ^the town of Lille— that of Bordeaux. On the right: The Union of Commerce and the Arts giving birth to the prosperity of the State— Africa — America — Ljons— Bayonne. Above the entrance : the City of Pans receiving from the IVymph of the Seine and the G«nius of the Onrcq the productions of Abundance — Strasbourg — Marseilles. All these pictures are of admirable execution, and equally excel in purity of design and elevation of style. The pavement of this room, which will contain 3000 persons, is entirely of marble. At the extremity is the hall of the agens de change, having a double entrance by a flight of steps at the back. To the ri^t of the salle de la Bourse are rooms for the committee and syndicate of the agens de change., and the courtiers de commerce^ as well as the hall of meeting for the latter. The grand staircase and register-office of the tribunal of commerce occupy the left side. On the first story, a gallery ex- tends round the salle de la Bourse, as on the ground- floor, and serves for a communication to the different rooms, all of which display appropriate ornaments. The grand staircase leads to the salle des paS'^perdus, an ante-chamber, and the tribunal of commerce. To the ridit and over the vestibule, are rooms belonging to the trmunal.
Tlie distribution of the different rooms is happilr conceived, and the communications are easy and weU arranged ; but on the outside the covered walks are narrow . The different parts of the building are warmed by means of steam thrown into cast iron pipes. On the ground-floor three pipes pass in a parallel line alons the tour sides of the building, beneath cast iron plates, wnich form apart of the pavement, and have grated openings at the foot of the pillars from which the heated air issues 5
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the number of these openings is 35. The apparatus is placed in a cellar; the furnace, which is four feet deep and two wide, consumes about a third of a chaldron of coals a-day. The boiler is three feet in depth by six in breadth, and eighteen in iengtli, and contains 5oo pails of water. The degi'ee of heat is regulated by a tlier- monieter, and accidents are guarded against by means of « safiety-valve.
The public, including ladies, ai'e admitted to the gallery of the Exchange, even during tlie hours of business.
ECOLE ROYALE mLITAIRE.
Louis XTV distinguished his reign by erecting an asylum for wounded or infirm warriors ; Louis XV shed lustre on his by forming an establishment for the educa- tion of young officers. By an edict of 1751, the latter monarch declared that, wishing to give the nobility new proofs of his affection, he intended to found a school for the gratuitous education of 5oo young gentlemen, to be chosen from the sons of poor noblemen, preference being ^ven to those who, having lost their fathera in the field, were considered as children of the state. A certain number of foreign or national boai'ders were also admis- sible into the school, upon paying 3000 livres. The Royal Military School, which occupied i o years in build- ing, was commenced in 1752, after the designs of Ga- briel, to whom it does the greatest honour. The various buildings and courts occupy a parallelogram of i ,52o feet by 780. The courts are called after the names of offioera, viz. GonrBeaumel, CourDesjardins, CourBouzon, Cour Malanot, etc. The principal entrance is towards the place de Fontenoy. It presents two courts surrounded with buildings ; these were formerly hidden by the adjacent houses, which, in 1789 were pulled down, and palisades erected in their place. The first court, which is a square of 420 feet, leads to a second, called tlie Coui'-Royale, forming a square of 270 feet. The buildings of the se- cond court are surrounded by a gallery, foiTned of Doric rolumns. The principal mass displays a row of Ionic
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colamns above those of the Doric order ; and in the cen- tre is a projecting body omamentei with Corinthian columns, which rise to the top of the second story, and are crowned by a pediment and an attic. In this court was a statue of Louis XY, by Lemoine, which was broken to pieces at the Revolution. The pediments of the wings were formerly painted in fresco, by Gibelin, who first introduced that style of painting into Paris, but these no longer exist.
The front towards the Ghamp-de-Afeirs presents two rows of 2 1 windows each. The central projection is de- corated with 10 Corinthian columns, which embrace the two stories, and support a pediment ornamented with bas-reliefs, behind which rises a quadrangular dome. In front of the dome is a clock by Lepautc, ornamented with figures of Time and Astronomy. At the height of the first story is a balcony where the royal femily take their seats, when present at grand reviews, etc. In the centre is a vestibule adorned with four ranges of colamns of the Tuscan order, and four niches. Upon the staircase, previous to the Revolution, were statues of the marshal de Luxembourg, by Monchy ; the viscount de Turenae, by Pajou ; the prince de Cond^, by Rolland ; and the marshal de Saxe, by Huet. On the first floor, is the salle du conseil, adorned with military emblems and pictures, by Lepan, I'epresentingthe battles of Fontenoy and Lawfeid, and the sieges of Toumay, Fribourg, and Mcnin. In two adjoining rooms are also pictures. The chapel is magnificent, and resemMes that at Yersailles, although less sumptuous. The roof is su{Mported by ao fluted columns of the Corinthian order. The valuable paintings which it possessed were destroyed at the Re- volution. On Sundays mass is celebrated here three times . The duke de Choiseul, minister of war, ordered au obsei'vatory to be estabfished in this edifice in 1768, and the celebrated astronomer de Lalande was charged to caiTy the project into execution. He caused a part of the wing to the left of the first couit to be raised two stories, and had constructed a mass of masonry for bear- ing a telescope, and a wall in the direction of the meri- dian for receiving a mural quadrant. The observatory
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was abolished diorUy afterwards, but it was re-esta- blished in 1 7^, by order of the minister S^gur, and still exists, under the superintendence of an astronomer, but is upon so small a scale, and so deficient in instruments, that it is not worth visitinc. In one of the courts is an hydraulic machine, worked by two horses, which sets in motion four pumps, and supplies 44 hogsheads of water per hour.
The military school was suppressed in April, 1788, by a decree of the council, and the pupils were distri- buted in regiments and colleges. * In the same year this edifioe was one of the four structures destined to replace the hospital of the Udtel-Dien, and the architect Bron- miard was charged to make the necessary alterations. Durins the Revolution, the £cole Militaire was ti*ans- formed into barrack for cavalry . Napoleon after waitis made it his head^qnarters. It now forms barracks for tlie royal guards, and contains three regiments, con- sisting of SLOOut 3,3oo men, infantry, cavalry, and artil- lery. Beinff neglected, the building and ornaments go to decay daily.
For permission to view the IkfAe Militaire, apply by letter to Monsieur le Gouperneur G4ndral de FEcole MUiiaire,
Cmamp-oi-Mabs.— Between the £cole Mihtaire and the Seine is the Ghamp-de-Mars, an immense field belonging to that establishment. It forms a regular parallelogram of 2,700 feet by i,32o. It is surrounded by ditches ^ced with stone, has four rows of trees on each side, and is entered hj five gates. The sloping embankments, ex- tending its whole length, were formed by the popula- tion of I^aris of both sexes and all ranks, in 1790, for the celebrated F^te de la F^dSration, which took place on the 14th of July, when an altar, called Fautel de la pa^ tricy was erected in the centre, and Louis XYI, seated in a superb amphitheatre in front of the Ecole Mihtaire, made oath to maintain the new constitution. More than 60,000 persons were constantly at work till the embank-
Tkc militaTy schools of France are two in number, namely, P Ecole sp^ciale de St, Cyr^ and V Ecole preparatoire de La Fl^che.
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ments were completed . The Champ-de-Mai^ is now ap- propriated to military manoeuvres and reviews. The horse-races for the department of the Seine are also held there annually in September. In front of the Champ- de-Mai*s is the Pont-de-rEcole-Militaire, and beyond it a spot on which the foundations of a palace, to have been built entirely of marble, for the King of Rome (now duke de Reichstadt), son of Napoleon and Marie Louise, were laid in idio. The gardens and grounds were to have extended to the Bois de Boulogne, which would have become an appendage to the palace. To execute this project, it was intended to have removed the barrier of Passy, and the intermediate ban*iers be- tween that and the barrier de Neuilly, and to have placed them nearer to the Champs-Elysdes. Since the resto- ration, the ground has been planted in regular walks, and as it forms a gentle ascent from the quay, 100,000 persons may be placed there to obtain a view of f^tes and reviews in the Champ-de-Mars. On the summit of this lofty ground the first stone of new barracks, to be called Caserne de Trocadero^ was laid by the duke of An- goul^me upon his return from the campaign in Spain, in i8!25.
GAKDE-MEUBLE DE LA COURONNE,
JVb. 2, rue Bergire* Fonnerly there existed near the Louvre a building whei-e the fui^niture, jewels, etc. of the crown were de- posited. In 1 760, when the two edifices wei-e erected on the- north side of the place Louis XY, that nearest to the Tuileries was destined to receive these valuable objects. At the Revolution, the aiticles deposited at the Garde" Meuble wei« of immense value. In the night of Sep- tember 16, 1 792, a robbery was committed, but most of the stolen objects were afierwai*ds recovered. The most costly articles, however, were dispersed during the troubles of that period. Under Napoleon the building in the place Louis XV was devoted to the residence and offices of the minister of the marine, and the Garde- Meuble was established at No. 6, rue des Champs>£ly- s^»s, from whence it was removed in 1826 to the rue
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Berg^re. The artided deposited here are, in general, furnitnre, more or less ornamented, consisting of beds, drawers^ taUes, secret^i^, etc. In ^lass cases are ba- sons, ewers, etc. The jewels are particularly worthy of attention! The crown is covered with diamonds, re- lieved from distance to distance by saperb sapphires. On the summit appears the beautiful diamond, weighing nearly 5oo grains, known by the name of the rtfgeni. iTiere are abo a sword with a hilt covered with dia- monds ; another sword, the sheath of which is richly set with diamonds in Jleurs de lis ; two superb maces, the insignia of numeix)us orders, among which is that of tbe garter ; complete parures of diamonds and emeralds, diamonds and rubies, diamonds and turquoises, dia- monds and sapphii^es, and pearls, besides a great number of buttons, wheat-ears, buckles, clasps, etc. covered with diamonds. There are also two curious tables inlaid witli fine wood, ivory, and mother of pearl ; some beautiful vases; two curious cradles ; a pair of magnificent can- delabra of glass, ornamented with brass ; a plateau with dishes, vases, etc. of rich cut glass adorned with or molu ; an on^ry, several marble and other tables, parti- cularly one representing a map, and some of petrified wood highly polished ; a curious small cannon of po- lished iron drawn by ivory horses, the bamess of wbich is of gold stu * Vd with jewels. In the Garde-Meuble the antiquary will be gratified, and the general tourist will find enough to repay him forthe visit. For admis- ffion he must apply to the Intendant.
HOTEL DE LA LEGION lyHONNEUR, Rue de Bourbon, This edifice was built in 1786, after the designs of Rousseau, for tlie Prince de Salm, whose name it bore. The entrance presents a triumphal arch decorated with Ionic columns and two figm^es of Fame. On the sides of the arch are two galleries, leading to pavilions form- ing the wings, the attics of which are adorned with bas-reliefs, by Roland. A peristyle ornamented with Ionic columns and busts rxtends along the sides of the
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court to the principal front, which is decorated with Corinthian colomns, of large proportions, fonning a portico, under which is th^ entrance to the vestibule. Upon the front is the inscription: —
HORIflUt KT PATRIB.
In the centre of the front towards the quai d'Osaj is a circular projecting mass, decorated with columns which support a balustrade crowned by six statues ; this front is richly ornamented with busts and bas-reliefs. The , apartments of the hotel are decorated with elegance and simplicity, either with stucco, paintings or wainscotdng^ according to the character of the different rooms. The vestibule leads to an antechamber, on the left of which is the dining-room. The principal saloon, which looks to the river, is in the form of a rotunda, the diameter of which is 4o feet. The ceiling is decorated with a bas-relief in grisaille, on a mosaic of gold ; and above is a painting representing Apollo going forth in his chariot preceded by Aurora. It contains busts of Louis XYQI and Henry lY in plaster, and one of Marshal Macdonald Duke de Tarente, most beautifully executed in bronze. The saloon leads to several smaller rooms, which are handsomely furnished and ornamented. The Prince de Salm having been beheaded in 1 793, his hotel was drawn for by lottery, and a journeyman hairnlresser obtained the winning number.
The Legion d'Honneur was created by a law of May igtK, 180Q, and its inauguration was ro^brated on the 14th of July, i8o3. The hotel de Sab'twas chosen for this new order, and a happier selection could not have been made.
Strangers are allowed to visit the hotel, by applying at the porter's lodge.
ARSENAL, Si'c BibliothkquA de Moksikur.
HOTEL DU TIMBRE, Riie de la Paix. The Stamp-Office occupies a part of the convent des
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Gapucines. ThM ruinous building is screened from pub- lic view by a plain front, presentittg merelj a wall ter- minated by a Doric entablature and pierced by a single arched door. It has scarcely the appearance of a public building.
HOTEL DES GARDES DU CORPS, Quai d^Or^a^* This immense pile, designed, under the reign of Na- poleon, by Clarke, duke oe Feltre, minister of war, ifs in the most miserable style of architecture, and presents no ornaments except the ai*ms of France in bas-relief over the principal entrance. The supporters of the shield are two colossal female figures in a sitting posture, by Taunay. One is Fame , blowing a trumpet and hold- ing a crown ; the other is France leaning upon a sceptre and holding a branch of laurel in her right hand.
HOTEL DES AFFAIRES J^TRANG^RES,
JVo. 14, rue Ifeuue^e^'Capucines. The office of the Minister for Foreign Affairs was for many years at the hotel Galifet, No. 84, rue du Bac. In 1 02 1, the government purchased the H6tel Wagrara of the heirs of Marshal Berthier, Prince of Wagram, where the minister now resides and the business of the Foreign Office is transacted. The passport-office is open from eleven in the morning till five in the afternoon, ex- cept on Sundays and festivals.
HOTEL DES FINANCES, iVo« 48, rite de Riuolu This vast new structure occupies an immense tract of ground ccmiprised between the rues de Rivoli, de Gas- tiglione, du Mont-Thabor et Neuvedu-Luxembourg. The fronts next the two former streets are uniform with the other houses, being five stories high, with arcades at the ^ound-floor, forming a covered way. Upon public rejoicings the gallery of this hotel is illuminated with gas, for which purpose pipes have been placed under
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the ceiling, which communicate witli an elegant bronze lamp suspended under each arch. The apartments occu- pied by the minister are most splendidly decorated and furnished. The other rooms, which are extremely nu- merous, are occupied as offices of the Finance depart- ment.
MONT DE PIETE.
This spacious building was erected in 17B6, after the designs of Viel. ( See page 43.)
ECURIES DU ROI (kihg's stables). A pait of the king's stables are situated in the* Place du Carrousel, where they occupy the celebrated h^tel de Longueville {See page 370). In the reign of Louis XVin, a handsome and conunodious edifice was erected at No. 23, rue du fauboui^ du Roule, to serve as stables for Monsieur (Charles X), which now forms a part of the j^curies du Roi. It consists of two courts, surrounded with buildings in stone ornamented with rustics. The first court presents also three-quarter Tuscan columns. The pile which separates the two courts is surmounted by a kind of cupola with a clock.
CASERNES (bahhacks).
Paris is indebted to Marshal Biron*s zeal for military discipline, and to the regard which he paid to the com- foit of the troops, for those spacious, commodious, and even magnificent barracks which are situated in the faubourgs and environs of the capital; they were erected about the year 1 780. There are not fewer than 56 that will frequently meet the eye of the stranger in his per- ambulations througli Paris. The following is a correct list : — H6tel des Gardes du Corps du Roi k cheval, quai d'Orcay. Pentemont, 106, rue de Grenelle-St.- Germain, a dependence of the former. H6tel des Gardes du Corps a pied, rue Neuve-du-Luxembourg. Horal Guards: u3, rue do Babylone, 1296 men (Swi»} i
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des Celestins, 4) ^l^^^ Morland, 672 men (cayalry); Grille Chaillot, 140 men (infantry) ; No. 6, rue deClichy, 5o3 men (in&ntry) ; Ecole Miiitaire, Champs de Mars, 3,a55men (infantry, cavalry, and artillery) ; ia8, rue de Grenelle-St.-Germain, 670 men (cavalry) ; 3a, rue de la Pepin j^re, 863 men (infantry) ; 52, rue Verte, 792 men (infantry). Gendarmerie : Gendarmes des Chasaes, me de Yaugirard ; Gendarmerie de la Seine et de Paris, barri^re St. -Martin ; Ditto, 1 2 , rue des Francs-Bourgeois ; Ditto, rue du Faubourg St. -Martin; Ditto, 6, rue de la Ghaussfe-des-Minimesi Ditto, rue Mouffetard; Ditto, 10, rue deToumon. Sameun -Pompiers : — ^Rue Gul- ture-St. -Catherine ; rue de la Paix; i5, rue du Vieux Colorobier ; quai des Ori<^vres . Veterans of the Guards : College Montaigu, rue St.-£tienn&-de8-Gr^, 90 men ; Veterans Sous-Officiers : — Place St.-Michel, a 10 men; Ditto, 4) rue du Jardin-du-Roi, i38 men; des Petits- Pires, rue •Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, 1077 n»en; Vete- rans, II, rue de la Corderie; Place de TEstrapade, 217 men. In^wi/r^ ©/"Mc Z^i/itf;— Ave-Maria, 24, rue des Barres, i5i2 men; la CourtiUe, 72, rue du Fauboug- du-Temple, 767 men ; 16, rue du Foin-St.-Jacques, 808 men; rue Neuve-Ste. -Genevieve ; 62, rue de TOursinc, 840 men; la Nouvdie France, 76, me du Faubourg- Poissoni^, 1262 men; 5i, me Popincoiut, io52 men.
ATELffiRS DE SCULPTURE, Quai des Invalides. In this establishment there are generally to be seen works of sculpture ordered by the government, in dif- ferent states of forwardness, which are well worth the attention of strangers. For tickets of admission applica- tion must be made at the Direction des Travaux des Monumens Publics, No. 29, rue de TUniversit^, or, by letter (post paid), addressed to Monsieur leDirecieur.
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CHAPTER X.
PRIVATE HOTELS, ANCIENT AND MODERN.
It appears that it was forraeriy the custom in London, as well as in Paris, to ^ve the name of inn or hotei to the houses of the nobility ; fior Gray'ft-inB, FumivaJ V inn, Lincoln's-inn, and Cliffdrd's4an, now devol*^ to the education of law students previous to thmr being called to the bar, were originally the residences of lords Gray, Fumival, Lincoln, and Clifford. This denomi- nation has quite fallen into disuse in London, but is still preserved in Paris, where the principal houses of the nobility and gentry are called hStels , and the term is even applied to some of the public buildings.
In the hotels, down to the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the grave and severe style of architecture prevailed, of which some models have been left by Delorme, Bui- lant, and Ducerceau. The same style was generally preserved by Desbrosses and Mansart. Under Louis XV the architecture of private buildings degenerated, but the interior distribution attained improvements, which have continued to augment down to the present day. In the new quarters of Paris a considerable number of hotels, erected by architects still living, combine a new and varied style of decoration, with a commodious dis- tribution of the interior.
HOTEL Dfi ST.-AIGNAN,
iVb. 57, rue Si.-Auoye, Thifl ancient hotel, which has in succetsion borne the names of Montmorency, d'Avaux, and de Mesmes, was built by Le Muet. The court is decorated with Corinthian pilasters, raised on a socle, and crowned by a balustrade. Tne architecture is pure, and of fine proportions. All the windows are adorn- ed with pediments. The appearance of this hotel ia nneh injured by the erection of several small buildings which hide the architecture ; and the finest rooms have been divided by partitions.
HOTEL IVAUMOMT,
No. 9, rue de Joujr, This hotel was built after the designs of F. Mansart. The
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ihitccture towards the garden is of fine proportions. On llir ling of one room is the apotheosis of Romulas, by Lebrun
HOTEL BEAUMARCHAIS, Porte St^'jtntoine, This oBce ma^ificcnt hotel was demoliahed in 1823, for thi rpose of forming upon its site a junction canal between tJii »at of (he Bastille and the basin de la ViUette.
HOTEL DE BEAUVEAU, Place €U Beatweau, rhis hotel was buik by de Bfesi^s. The entrance is oma- nted with columns.
HOTEL DE BIRON, Ifo,^i, rue de Farennes, rhis fine hotel b occupied as a convent. The garden extendi^ »ng the boulevard des Invalides, from the me de Varennt ^ the rue de Babylone. At the extremity is a Calvary, fr^io ich rises a cross with the figure of Christi 30 feet in height .
HOTEL DE LA REINE BLANCHE,
JYom IS, rue du Foin-Su- Jacques, This building is supposed to have been erected in the tZth iitury. The gate is of a later period. Although repaired and lite-washed, traces of its antu|mty may still be seen.
HOTEL BORGHtSE,
IVo. 39, ruedu Faubourg St.-Honori, rhis was formerly the residence of the princess Pauline, Ler of Bonaparte, and is now occupied by the British am- isador.
HOTEL OF THE LATE DUCHESS OF BOURBON, No. 28, rue de f^arennes. rhis hotel was constructed by Brongniard in that excellent le which characterises his productions.
HOTEL BRETONVILLIERS,
JVb. 2, rue Bretorwillierst lie St.- Louis, the architect of tlus hotel was Ducercean, who built it for president Ragois de Bretonvilliers. The apartments were remely magnificent, and contained paintings by the firai sters. It has been partly demcJished, but some remains U exist to indicate its former splendour.
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MAiSON LE BRUN,
TVo. 4> rve du Grat-Chenet.
This house was built by Ravmond, a few yean before the
Revolution. The front is plain, but the court is decorated with
niches in which are antique statues. It possesses a picture g^al-
lery, in which exhibitions take place from time to time.
HOTEL DE BRUNOY,
Dfo, 49, rue du Faubourg St.-Honore, This elegant edifice, situated amidst lofty trees, has the ap- pearance of a temple. It consists of a single story formed of seven arcades, above which extends a frieze in bas-relief. A
Ecristyle of six slender Ionic columns, raised on steps, is crowned y the statue of Flora. The architecture is generally admired. The interior is richly decorated. From a broad terrace, is a descent into the garden, and the viev from it extends over the Cliamps-Elysces. The Hdtcl de Brunoy is not shown (o strangers.
HOTEL DE BULLION, iVo. 3, rue Jean-Jacques Rouueau. This hotel was built about the year 1630, by Claude de Bullion, superintendent of the finances. «The arcnitecture is very indifferent. It has been long inhabited by private indivi- duals, and is now the principal auction mart in Paris.
MAISON CALLET,
JVo. 5» rue du Mont-Pamasse. This house was built in 1777, by the architect whose name it bears. The principal entrance presents four Ionic columns, above which is a large bas-relief. At tlic bottom of the vestibule, the staircase winds round a statue which Deceives a briUianC light fromabove.
HOTEL DE CARNAVALET,
iVb. 27, rue CuUure-Ste,- Catherine, This hotel is one of the most curious monuments of the 10th century. Its erection was successively entrusted to Bullant and Ducerceau. The sculpture with which it is richly adorned is by J. Goujon. The building next the street presents, at the extremities, two pavilions crowned with pediments. A range of coupled Ionic pUasters decorate the first story. The entrance is surmounted by a pediment. Under the arch is a shield sur- rounded by ornaments; on the key-stone is a small figure, and on the sides of the door a lion and a leopard. Above the cornice of the basement are two allegorical figures in bas-relief repre- senting Strength and Vigilance; and, on the summit of the building, a statue of Minerva. Round the court arc twelve large
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ANaEMT A^D MODERH. 265
iguKs in ba»-Klief, of which four, representing the Seasons, re remarkable for that beaoty of design and execution wbicli istinguisb Goi\jon*s woi^. The eight others, not by the same rtist, are inferior. The hotel de Cama valet was the residence »f the celebrated Madame de Sevigne and her ]^augliter the ^untess de GriCTan. It is now occupied as a boarding-schoot . Grangers are aomitted upon applying to the porter.
fAlSON DES CARNEAUX, oa DE LA COURONNE D'OR,
iVb. Ill rue des Bourdonnais, This is a curious monument of the architecture of the 14lK mtury. It was purchased, in 1363, by the duke of Orleans, irotber to king John. The Gothic staircase to the left on ntering, is extremely curious. Though disfigured by modern epairs, several parts of the elegant architecture m still en- ire, and there is perhaps no ancient building in Paris the oma- nents of which arc wrought with greater delicacy.
HOTEL CHANISOT.
Dfo. 46, rue St. Louis f tie SL't^uis, The architecture and ornaments of this hotel are worthy of >b8ervation.
HOTEL DE CHATILLON, iVb. 132, rue du Bac. This hotel, built by L* Assurance, pupil of J« s Hardouin MLansard, is now occupied by the Congregation des Secure ie St. Finceni de Paule. {See page 148.)
HOTEL DE CLUNY,
iVo. 14, rue des Malhurms^Su- Jacques. This hotel, in the florid Gothic style, was built, in 1505, by lacques d*Amboise, Abbot of Cluny, on a part of the ruins ol' the Palais des Thermes, and is one of the finest specimens jf the architecture of that period in Paris. The vault of the chapel, which is richly decorated, rests on a single column, of exquisite workmanship. Different statues which adorned tlii^ ouUide have been destroyed, but the delicately-wrought niches Btill remain. M. Belin, who occupies the most interesting part of the Hotel, as a printing-oiBce, shows it to strangers.
HOTEL COLBERT,
JVo. 20, rue de I'MStel- Colbert. Although called after his name, this house was never oc- supiad by Colbert. The buildings round the court are decorati;H pvith bas-reliefs admired by artists. They represent Certs, Peace and Plenty ; a Philosopher conversuijj with one of Iuh lisciples ; Vulcan making a car, having near him Cupid and t^^n
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266 PRIVATE HOTELS,
femaU figures ; tbMe female figutes, 'with TiniMit atttitofc eke Maac of Hiitory writing under the dictation of a ^wotn with wings on her head ; Apollo , anrromided by mx Hvm the three other Maaet, and Homer and Virgil.
HOTEL DU GOMTROLEUR GENERAL, iVb. 40, ruo NeiW^-^tes-PttiU-Champt. This spacious structure, erected after the dca|;ns of Lou Levau, was formerly the residence of the minister of the finance:
its site.
HOTEL DE GRAUFURO, Ifo, 21, rue eCAnjouSu-Honore, This handsome hotel formerly contained a fine coUecton o pictures and other works of art, but they have been soK since the death of U. Graafbtd.
HOTEL DENON,
I^o, 5, quai p^oUaire.
This hotel, once inhabited by the scientific Egyptian tn
veller, Raron Denon, was celebrated for its collection of ani
quities. The Denon collection has been sold since the banu
death, in 1825.
MAISON LE DOUX, JVo. 44, rue du Faubourg Paistonni^re. This house was built by Le Doux, in 1780, for his own ha bitation. The front presents a basement, fanning a teRac< behind which rise the first and second stones. The portico c the terrace, formed of four Doric columns, has a pretty a] pcarance.
HOTEL DU FRINGE D'EGRBICHL,
IVo. 107, rue SL-Dominique,
This hotel, once called Hotel Monaco, was formeily detote
to the reception of oriental ambassadors. Marshal iNiYona
Prince d'Ecbqnhl, died here in 1828. The hotel is now occi
pied by the Austrian ambassador.
HOTEL EGERTON, JVb. 385, rue Su-Uonore. This hotel, built by Henry Pussort, councillor of state, an uncle of the celebrated Golbert, was afterwards purchased I Adrien Maurice, duke de NoaiUcs, and was called Hotel i NoaiUes. Under Napoleon, it belonged to prinec Iicbran, dul of Placentia and arch-lreasurer of the Empire. It was snii
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APiCIE^T AND MODERN. 267
seipieiitly bouf^t by Fnncis Egerton, carl of Rri4gewtt«r, upoR wImmc dentil, in 1839, the hotel and gardea were sold in lots.
HOTEL DES FERBIES (fokmbrlt Dfi SEGUIER), No. 55, rue de Orenelle^'L-HonorS. ThU hotel has been the habitation of ^inces and illustrious penonagea. In 1573 it belonged to Fran^oise d*Oriean^, widow of Lonia de Boarbon, first prince of Conde. In 1BV2, It was the property of the due de ocUegarde, who rebnilt and enlarged it, aner the designs of Ducerceaa. The new con- itmctiona were built, according to the custom of that time ^ [>f bricks ceanected by stone bracings. Pierre Siguier, chancel- lor of France, who purchased this hotel in 1683, having been chosen president of the jicademis Franqaisct after the deatL oC cardinal Richelieu, his house became the place of assembly for that distinguished body till 1673, when Louis XIV granted them a hall in the Louvre. Towards the end of the seTeateentfi century, the farmers-general of the taxes purchased this hotd, and continued proprietors of it till the Revolution. The Oblj part of the old building remaining is the principal entrance and the left wing. It is now occupied as a diiigence-oiBce, warehouses, a printing-office, etc.
HOTEL DU CARDINAL FESCH, No* 70, rue de la Chautme^Antin. Cardinal Fesch expended an immense sum in the constmction and embcUishment of this mansion, which has been converted into several distinct dwellings.
MAISON ST.-FOIX, oa HOTEL D*OSMOND, IVo.^t rue Basse-du-Rempartt boulevard des Capucines, This splendid mansion wvis built in 1775, by Brongniard. Th< vestibule is fine, and in the centre ui the building is a magnificent and richly decorated staircase terminated by a cupola. Two terraces, roitnd the court, are on a level with the first story, from which a grand flight of steps leads to the prden. The front to- wards the court presents a single story, having seven windows adorned with bas-reliefs, and it decorated with eight three-oiwr- ter Doric columns. The two wings projecting to the street lorm FMivilions, adorned with Ionic columns, crowned by a pediment . [n the right wing is a magnificent chapel. From the boulevard iiis facade produces a very striking effect. The countess d'Os^ mond, the present proprietor, forbids it to be shown to Ihr public.
MAISON DE FRANCOIS I,
Cours de la Heine, Champs- Ely s^es.
This house is ornamented with the beautiful sculpture executed
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268 PRIVATE HOTEL8,
by Jean Goajon, for a manuon erected by Francis I, far h sister Marcaret of Navarre, in 1527» at Moret, from whence was broaght upon the project being formed of constracting new quarter at Paris, to be called Quartier de Francois /.
HOTEL FRAJ5CATI, iVb. io8, rue de Richetieu, This is a gaming-house, which may be considered the secon* in Paris in point of respectahititft as the company is select* La dies are admitted.
MAISON DU GHANOINE FULBERT, Quai de la CitCt comer of rue des Chantres. Two ancient medallions representing Eloisa and Abdard^once ilistinguished the house of the atrocious Canon Fulbert, so often mentioned in the history of those unfortunate lovers, but at thi Revolution they were broken to pieces. Some time ago a cu- rious escutcheon was discovered containing portraits of Ahelair and Eloisa, which, according to connoisseurs, are of a perfect rr< semblance.
HOTEL DE GALIFET,
IVo. 8j, rue du Bac, This hotel, built in 1785, after the desi^s of Legrand, fo the marauis de Galifet, now belongs to his heirs. It was Ion occupiea by the Minister for Foreign Affairs. Its situation is fim the a|>artments arc spacious and elegant, and the exterior archi lecture is rich. The hotel de Galifet was occupied by the dul of Northumberland during his residence at Pans, as the repn sentative of his sovereign, at the coronation of Charles X.
HOTEL DE MADEMOISELLE GUIMARD.
^n, 9, rue de la Chaussee-d^Antin. This house, built by Lc Doux, for a celebrated dancer at tl opera-house, whose name it bears, is remarkable for its elegane Tne portico is decorated with four columns, above which is beautiful group in Conflans stone, representing Terpstchoi crowned on earth by Apollo. The figures are by Le Comte, wl also executed, in the recess behind the columns, a superb bai relief, twenty-two feet in length by four in height, representii the triumph of Terpsichore. The nymph is seated in a car, dram 1>Y Cupids, and preceded by Bacchantes ; the Graces attended I Music, follow the car. Two fauns, playing on cymbals, indical a dance in character. Above the entrance is an elegant sma theatre, the ceiling of which was painted by Taraval.
•HOTEL D'HOLLANDE,
No. 51, P^ieiUe ruedu Temple. This hotel, built after the designs of Cottard, is remarkable ft
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ANCIENT AND MOIIEBN. 269
he omamcnU iH^iich deconte die buildings round the courts. )ver the entrance, in the interior, is a bas-relief, by Re- inaudUi, representing Romulus and Remus suckled by a wolf, jid found by Faustula.
HOTEL DE JASSAUD, No. 22, rue des Pr^tre^^U-PauA This was formerly a palace belonging to <|ueen Blanche, f 11 he first court are remams of a curious cornice and turret. Thi; »iers of the windows present cariatides.
TOUR ST.-JEAN-DE-IATRAN,
Place Cambraiy rue S'L-Jaeques.
We shall here notice a square tower of remote antiquity, situ-
Lted in a court opposite the College de France. It is supposed
0 have been part of a palace inhauited by Glovis, but is built in
imbng mean nouses.
HOTEL KUNSKJ,
iVb. 103, rue St.'Dominique.
This mansion, now called if ^teMe Gramont, possesses little
ittraction in its exterior, but nothing can be more magnificent
than its interior decorations.
HOTEL LAMBERT, iVb. 2, rue Su-Louis, tie Su-Louis.
yht tie St." Louis, which is now covered with houses and skirted with quays, was originallv caUed tie aux F'aches ; a name given to distinguish it from the tie JYolre-Dame, of whieh it was a dependence. Henry IV conceived the project of erect- ing houses upon this spot, but the execution of it was reserved for Louis XTII. In 1614, a communication by means of a bridt^i; was formed between the two islands, and all the houses in tm; lie St.-Louis were constructed before the middle of the same t:entury.
Among these edifices the H6tel Lamberty built by Levau, is lie most remarkable. ' The aTchitecture is elegant, and the or- laments extremely rich. The court, which is small, is siir- >oiinded by buildings decorated with the Doric order. The tairease, l>etween Ionic columns, which form the vestibule, i^ nagnificent. The right wing lias a front, along which cxtend'i :i errace, that commands a fine view. This front is decorated with tiasters of the Ionic order, crowned by an attic.
The apartments of the Hotel Lambert were ornamented by se- cral celebrated painters ; but the only room worth visiting, i^ n allery, the ceiling of which presents several mythological sub- BCis, by Lcbrun. The works of art have been removed from tin ther rooms, or spoiled by neglect.
It was in the above-mentioned gallery that, in J 81 5, Napolcou.
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regarding all as lost, held a long convctsatioA with his miiuster Montalivet. In this hotel Voltaixc dwelt when he fotmed the plan of la Henriade. It is now used as a depot for the bttds of the royal guards.
MAISON LATHUILE,
iVb. 3oy rum du Faubourg Poissonniire.
This iNretty pavilion, was built in 1788, hy H. Darand. The interior is decorated in a modem and elegant style. The front towards the gjtrden, is adorned with a portico of four rasttc columns, and four cariatides hearing an entablatnxc. That to the court is ornamented with four Doric columns. The garden is in the English style. This mansion is inhabited by several families. Yisitors are aHowed to enter the oowrt and ^irden.
HOTEL D£ LONGUEVILLE,
JVb. 16, place du CarrouitL This mansion, formerir the habitation of the dukes of Longue- viUe and Elbeuf, is celebrated as the spot where the intrigues of the Fronde were formed during the mmority of Louis XlV. It was afterwards used as a snuff manufactory, and now serves for 1 he king's sUbles. (See page 1^60.)
MAISON DE ST..LOUIS,
No, 5, rue de$ Marmouzets, aux Gobelins.
Such is the name of a spacious edifice, of which some inte-: resting remains are still to be seen. In the court is a staircase ornamented with sculpture, which seems to be of the beginning of the 1 8th century. Near it is a turret. The court abo contains a Urge cistern, which was formeriy supplied from the Seine, by a suMterranean acpieduct. T je cellars will contain three thousand pipes of wine.
The only circumstances in favour of this house having ever been occupied by St. Louis, arc the name it bears, and a medal- lion resembling that monarch, formerly over the entrance. It i^ now occupied by a dyer.
HOTEL DE LUYNBB,
JYo. 33, rue St.-Dominique. This hotel, after designs of Le Muct, is well decorated, and has a fine garden. The saloon has some beautiful Gobelin ta- pestry. It may be visited by giving a small fee to the porter.
MAISON,
No. 16, boulevard de$ Gobelins,
This edifice consists of an insulated pavilion, with a view on
three sides. Two fronlAonU are decorated. The entnince at
ihc end i» adomtd \\iih tW Doric coluinns. The grand front
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ARCIEMT ARD MODERN.
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irtfents in tke eattre an open vestibule, formine a temce, and I eomnoMd of six Doric colamns. Fonr sutues in niches adorn his eolomade, and two others decorate the teirace. This man- icA was built by Peyre, in 1762, who has here successfully imi- ated the pure and severe style of Palladio.
BUREAU DES MARGHANDS DRAPIERS,
JYo. i 1 , nts des DMutrgeura,
This edifice was the hall of the drapers' company. It was
rected about the middle of the 17th eentni^r, after desim by
liberal Bmast. It is of bastard Doric aremtectnre, and now
crves as the depdt-general des Bonneteries de France.
HOTEL DE Mi:SM£S,
JVo. 57, rue Su-Avoye. ( See hotel dc St. Aignao.)
HOTEL DE MIRABEAU,
No. 6, rue de Seine. This house is so called because the father of the celebrated Airaheau resided in it. Queen Margaret, first consort of Henry IV, died in this hotel.
HOTEL DE MONTHOLON,
JYo, 23, bouleuard Poissonniire.
This hotel, constructed by Soufflot le Romain, nephew of the irchitect of the church of St. Genevieve, has several lar^e suites >f apartments. The front, of the Ionic order, combines the noble tnd severe style, with a pure imitation of the antique. The in- emal decoration corresponds by the richness and taste of the imaments. In the principal drawing-room is a ceiling painted i>y Robin.
GRAND HOTEL DE MONTMORENCY, JYo. 10, rue St.-Marc, This spacious and magnificent hotel, built in 1704, after the esigns of L* Assurance, belonged at the Revolution to the duke ie Montmorency. The facade is of the Ionic order, after the de- igns of Perini. The entrance, adorned with four Ionic colunms, I remarkably grand. The vast garden was destroyed, to form fic passage du Panorama ; and a part of the hotel was demo- shed, upon the prolongation of the rueVivienne to the boulevard .
HOTEL DE MONTMORENCY LAVAL.
JYo. 29, bouleuard du Jtlont Parnasse, This spacious and handsome mansion, which once belpnged :> the noblr family whose name it hears, was the scene of a mag- ificcnt rntcrtainincnt upon the marriage of madamc Clotilde de
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273 PRIVATE HOTELS,
Kmiri.' to the kin^ of Sardinia. At tlie Revolution it became tin property of M. Minnde, Secretarr to Barras, who cnUrged sue I'mbeKiAhed it for the recef>tioii of brilliant parties in the time oi I hr Dirifctory. After passing into the hands of Mr. Parker, an Aiiirrican gentleman, and M. Houllin, an army contractor in the liini' oT the empire, it is now the property of M. Santerrc, a ne- (jhrw of the famous brewer of that name, who acted so conspi- cmMa a part at the execution of Lonis XVI. It is occupied by Mr. E. Houseal, director of the only Protestant academy in Varifi authorised by the University. The billiard-foom has l>een con &i crated as a chapel ; the splendid stucco mnsic-foom is now a fliirtnitory ; and the out-houses have been converted into spa- i'iottii ichool-rooms.*
HOTEL DE NIVERNOIS,
iVo. 10, rue de Toumon, This hotel, once inhabited by tlie late duchess dowager of Or- lrnD»f has been converted into barracks for the eendarmes. The principsil saloon was magnificent, and the dining-room was finnd comely decorated. Most of the ornaments have been de- »trn) ed, and stables have been erected upon the garden.
HOTEL D'OIGNY, JYo. 6, rue Grange- Batelikre. Tills hotel was a gaming-house, which took precedence of all ihr III hers in Paris. It is now the property and residence of M. AgiiadOjthe banker.
HOTEL OF THE LATE DUCHESS-DOWAGER OF ORLEAIS'S,
iVb. 58, rue St.- Dominique, This magnificent hotel was formerly inhabited by tlie venerable ifia{i;ibtnites of the family of Mole. It was long the residence of the prince de Cambacercs, arch-chancellor of the empire.
MAISON D'ORLIAN,
JYo, 3, rue du Moni-Par/tasse. Thh hotel was built in 1775, by Poyet. Both fronts are deco- ra Irrl liy two cariatides raised on pedestals, and bearing a Doric <*mnljlature. Above the windows is a large bas-relief, rcnrc- i^t^niiiig the triumph of the fine arts. This mansion resembles J 111; clrgont casinos of Italy.
HOTEL D'ORSAY, JVo. 35, rue de f^arennes. This hotel possesses two ceilings, by Taraval ; one, representiii;; iht^ a^ruthcosis of Psyche, and the other, Caipids floating in the air.
See HOD*^^!.'^ l'EOTt»TAHT AcADlMT.
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JLlHClEJi'T AND MODERN. 278
he LnildiBg U in bad repair, bat it worth a visit. Admission is Mnetimcs eranted by M. Segnin, the proprietor, upon being ad- ressed by letter (post paid).
HOTEL DE PRASUN, iVb. 54f riM de Bourbon. This hotel has a garden like a terrace, conunandingone of the inest views in Paris. It is occupied by Madame de ITpine.
HOTEL DE LA REYNI£BE,
iVb. 1, Rue det Champt-J^lys^es,
This vras onee the residence of the famous M. Grimod, author
f the Almanack det Gourmands. It is now hired from the go-
emment, and occupied by the Russian ambassador. The duke
»f Wellington has resided here several times.
HOTEL DE RICHEUEU,
No. 30, rue Nmufe-Su-Augustin. This hotel, built in 1 707, after the designs of Pierre Levc, was bought in 1757 by marshal de Richelieu, who adorned it with the most rich and elegant objects of the arts. Upon the garden se- veral streets have been formed. The front is of great beauty.
HOTEL DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD,
No. 12, rue de Seine. This spacious hotel, in which the great Tmrennc passed his childhood, has been demolished, and a new street, called the rue det Bei^ux-ArU,o^ned upon its site.
HOTEL DE ROHAN MONTBAZON,
JVn. 18, rue de Beihizi. In this small hotel dwalt the unfortunate Gaspard de Coligni, admiral of France j and here he was murdered during ihc mas- sacre of St. Bartholomew's day. This house was afterwards oc- cupied by the Seigneurs de Rohan-lfontbazon. The balcony w very ancient. It is now occunied by a restaurateury who has taken for his sign a CAmiral Coligni.
HOTEL DE SENS, JYo. 1, rue du Figuier. These interesting remains are now used as a waegon-office, but signs of their ancient grandeur, in the portal, the postern, the towers, embrasures, and battlements, are still to be seen. The hotel de Sens was erected in the 15th century, and m the reign of Francis I was inhabited by the chancellor of France.
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2 74 PHIVATE HOTEJLS.
HOTEL D£ SOMMARIVA,
lYo. 4i riie Basse-du-Rempart. This mansion is f nrii:ht;d by the Terpsichore and the Magdalen 4if Canovoif ami cOTitaina a ver^r superior ccdJiection of pictures, -w^hicli may be «l^pn on Thursdays, in summer, bv inscribing the 1 1:1 me at tit portei's loc3[;c a f<i^w days beforehana.
HOTEL DE SULLY,
If a. U3, rusSt.-Antoine. This edifice, ii Temarkablf as the work of Ducerceau, and the residence of the celehrLitcd minister whose name it bears. It is in ii {;ood &tate nrpreservauou. A. school of commerce has been i-»La bLJib ed in ii, V iaiLors c lUer by the shop on the left.
HOTEL TALLEYRAND,
JVb, % rue SU'Florentin, This i» a spncious and Imndsome mansion, the entrance of \% hich U Dtnam (illicit wtih culumnus, but it is chiefly remarkable fiir beitij^ tb^ property and rtj^idence of the prince de Talleynnd, who fio long fi[;ured in the dipL^nnatic circles of Eiiirope.
HOTEL TH^LUSSON,
JVb* 28, rue de Provence. This truly roapiUcent hoti;! was sold, in 1833, and the rue d'Artoii prolonged upon its tite.
HOTEL DU TRESORIER,
Cnurde In Sainte-Chapelle. The fa^eide of t Ink hotc I is opposite the Sainte-Chapelle. I( ifi I imposed of three rows n\' four columns and four pilasters, of ihe Doric, Ionic, and Coriuiiuan orders, which rise one above Ihe oLher.
HOTEL D'UZeS,
iVV>* ITB, rue Montmartre. Thi» hotel, IniiU by Le l>oiit, is remarkable for the triumphal arch which fotmi lYw entrance. For some years it was inhabited bj thv r>in'ctoi--fi<'ncnil ivnd the Administration of Customs, but it now bclciu[^s 10 At, Ddct^sirt, the banker.
HOTEL DE VALENTINOIS,
IVo* 105, riic St. -Dominique. Thii fine hold, now inliabited by private families was built
■iflcT the defii^ii of Carluna.
HOTEL DE VENDOME,
2Vfj.3\,niecVEnfer. This handsome manuon wns built, in 1707, by a community of
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PLACE VENDOME. 3^5
boaian maoks, who htd a conyent in iu vicinity. It was af- ards purchased by the duchess de Vendorae, and took her e. It has a communication with the garden of the Luxem- rg, by means of an iron gate. This hotel is now occupied as Ecote des Mines.
HOTEL WAGRAM.
See HoUl de» Affaires ^trangires, page 259.
[early all the principal streets ia the faubourg St.- •main contain magnificent hotels, a the rue de Monsieur are two or three spacious man IS built by Brongniard.
[here are many 6ther hotels in Paris which display ch taste in architecture and decoration, but they are numerous to describe.
CHAPTER XI.
ACES, TRTOBIPHAL ARCHES, COURTS, AND PASSAGES.
PLACES/ PLACE Vl-NDOME. rhis place, cdfcd originally place des CofujueteSy ami £M wards p/S«% Louisle-Gmfui, was formed upon tho e of au hotel erected itk iGofi bjr the duchess de Mer- ur, whicli passed into tju- f.miily of Venddme upon nurriage of Francoise de Loi raine, only daughter o» : duke of Wt^rcoeur, witli Caesar duke of Vend6me, L of Henry IV and Gabr iellc^ d'Estrte. At the sugges- n of tVie marrjuis de Louvoin. who succeeded Colbert
The term square cannot propetly be applied to all those as sunrounded with buildings whicn the French call places t hey use the same denomination for every open space skirti-rt h houses, whether they are squares, triangles, circles, cw s- its, or octagons. Of these places there are about 80. '^^ t U mention those which, by their extent, regularity, or beaut} , erve to be noticed.
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as surintendant des Mtimens, Louis XIV purchased tl*
h6tel Vend6me, in i685, for 660,000 livres; andjall ti
buildings that composed it were demolished, with tli
design of forming a square, to be surrounded with publ
liuildings, and among others the royal library, the min
edifices for the difierent academies, and hotels for amba
sadors. The works wei'e in a state of forwardness, whei
in consequence of the death of Louvois, the execution <
the project was abandoned. Some years after, the kin
presented to the city of Paris the ground and the mate
rials collected upon it, with power to sell them, upoi
4!Ondition tliat a place upon anotlier plan should b
formed, and that the city should erect an hotel in t\]
faubourg St .-Antoine for the mousquetaires noirs . Tli
property was ceded for 620,000 livi-es to the Sieur Ma
iieuf, who erected the place as it now appears. Mansai'
who furnished the first plans to Louvois, was charged 1
jirepare the second. The form of the Place Vendome
octagonal, and the dimensions are 45o feet by 4^0. Tm
new streets, called the rue de la Paix and the rue Casi
glione, opened about 20 years ago, contribute great
to the embellishment of this Place. The style of tl
buildings which surround the Place Yenddme is a has
ment surrounded by Corinthian pilasters The bas(
ment forms arcades ornamented with inistics. In tt
centre of each front is a projecting mass crowned by
pediment, in which ai*e the rot al aims, etc. The ei
trance to each house is formed by an arched door-wa;
the key-stone of which is ornamented with a fine masi
A beautiful equesti^an statue of Louis XIY, erected i
the middle of this place in T6gg, was destroyed on tli
loth of August, 1791. In the centime of the Place Yei
d6me stands the famous triumphal pillar, which Nap
leon erected to commemorate the success of his am
in Germany, in the campaign of 1 8o5. It rests upon tl
foundation of the statue of Louis XIY, built upon pil<
at the deptli of 3o feet below the surface of the gi'ouni
It was begun in 1806, and completed in 18 10. It is ;
imitation of the pillar of Trajan at Rome, of which
preserves the proportions on a scale larger by a twelft
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total elevation is i35 feet,* and the diameter of Uie Et is la feet. The pedestal is ahout 22 feet in heiglit, from 17 to 20 in bi-eadtli. The architects Gondatiin L Lepdre presided over the execution of all the pai I,? ; I in order to regulate such a vaiiety of operations, nod set such a number of artists towards the same oh]<'otf celebrated Denon was placed at their head. The estal and shaft are built of stone, and covered with ■reliefs, in bronze (i*epresenting the various victories he French army), composed of 1200. pieces of can- , taken from the Russian and Austrian armies. The nze employed in this monument was about 56o,<)oo mds weight. The column is of the Doric order. The -reliefs 01 the pedestal represent the unifoiins, arniciur, I weapons of the conquered yoops. Above the pe- tal are garlands of oak, supported at the four ari|;l(*i^ eagles, in bronze, each weighing 5oo pounds. 1 ko ible door, of massive bronze, is seven feet in heii^ht three feet eicdit inches in breadth, and is decor*ited th crowns of oak, surmounted by an eagle of llie [best finish ; above the door is a bas-relief represent in j,^ o figures of Fame suppoi-ting a tablet, upon whicli is ; following inscription, no longer visible, it havin{| m covered with a bronze plate : —
Napole^Imp. Aug.
MoDumentum belli Germanici
Anno MDCXiCV.
Trimestri spatio, ducto sno, profligati, ex sere capto,
Gloria cxcrcitus maximi dicavit.
Hie side in which is the door was executed by Gd- d, the opposite one by Renaud, and the two olUt'rs Beauvallet. All the ornaments are by GiUe. rhe bas-reliefs of the shaft pursue a spiral direction >m the base to the capital, and display, in chnino- rical order, the principal actions of the campaign, m the departure of the ti*oops from Boulogne io tbr tie of Austerlitz. The figures are three feet hi|;h ; ^ir number is said to be 2,000, and the length of tUc^
In some books the elevation is stated lo be much greater, Imi above is the exact height.
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31^8 PLACES ;
spiral band 840 fwl:. The first plate commences in i npex, and eihibita the sea bounded by the horizoi it then repi'csents liie small and afterwards the larg billows, and bstljf the famous Boulogne flotilla ! Tl next plate contains the passage of the Rhine by the arm^ on the '261b and a 7th of Sept<> rnher 1 8o5 . Rather bighe art.' seen Napoleon, and the king of Wirtemberg holdii an interview ; on the left, Virtue and Merit aredisplajc in the act of bestov^ ing rewards, and a dragoon reoeivin I be cross of the legian nf honour from the hands of th emperor: the succeeding plates contain a regular serie of Napoleon's victoiies, A cotdon or band, ascendioj in the same direction a<i the baj;-reliefs, divides them and hoars inscriptioos of the <iclions which they reprc jvent. The drsigns of those bas-reliefs were fnmishei hj fiergeret, and eiiecuted by 5i sculptors, indodin^ niadpmoiseUe Charpentier.
Above the capital is a gallery, which is approaches l>y a winding staircase of 1 7G steps. Upon the capits is the following inscription ; —
Monument elev« a la f;lo]re dv la grande armee,
P^r IVapnUon \e Grand,
Contoience \t iivaouL| JSOTr, tcrmine le xv aoat, 1810,
Snu« h cJirrttian
dfi Ih V. Dcnon,
MU. J. B. bcp^re H L. Gotiduin, architectcs.
The capital is surmounted by an acroterium, upoi which formerly stood tlic statue of Napoleon, 1 1 feet ii heigh I J and weighing 5^ 112 pounds. This has beei replace*! by a Jleur de lis three feet in height, and tii< white flag now wa^es upon its summit. The platfom upon wViicli this sumptuous monument rests is of whit marble, forniin^; three steps, each four inches and ahal in hci(j1it. The iron railing which surrounds the co luinn iji four feet atid a half in height, and encloses ai area of 17a square feet. Beyond the railing are 2< grAniti.' posts; those at the angles are surmounted b} elegant lam[)s, \i feet in height.
Theexet ution of thiii colunui presented great di£S.culties which wcrt^ surmouateil by means of sevei^al ingcniou pracess*!s. The nucleus of the iiolumn being of stone
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PLACE VENd6mE.
^79
id its covering of bronze, it became necessary to calcu- te and prevent two opposite effects ; namely, the spliu Qc of the circular masses of stone on the one hand^ id the dilatation of the plates of metal on the other, he first inconvenience was obviated, by great care in ie catting, finishing, and placing of blocks of the finest ard stone that could be procured; and that nothing light be apprehended from the second, and all influenct; 'the atmosphere misht be prevented, it was necessary lat the 'plates should neither be soldered toother, nov led in any way into the stone. "With this view, on Lch of the 98 layers of stone which compose the co- imn, were reserved 1 2 projecting bodies, in the form I sabots y to which the bas-reliefs are hooked ; and thus, y the play left to the hooks, and the detachment of the as-reliefs, every accident is prevented. Thus adjusted, ley fit exactly to the shaft and to each other, without le joinings being apparent. A considerable obstacle resented itself from the juxta-position of the bas-reliefs : lis was overcome by means of a machine consisting of mber cylinders of the same diameter as the piUar. hese were divided into two parts, moveable upon an detree; the one placed vertically and the other hori- mtally . One of the plates was placed on each of these, id then, by a counterpoising effect, the two parts of le cylinder were brought together or separated, as quired, till the plates were adjusted properly and Idered. Thcf total expense of this sumptuous monu^ ent was i,5oo,ooo fr. (65,ooo/.} From its vast ma£!! id happy position, this column produces an asto- shing effect, when seen from the boulevard or the rden of theTuileries; and on examining the details, appears to be a rich and noble monument, although, I account of the imperfect manner in which the onze was made, and part of the copper given out ving been purloined, it will ever be of a bad coloui* d have a dull appearance. The view of Paris and its virons from the gallery of the column is delightful. > obtain permission to ascend it, application must b<' Eide personally at the Direction des Travaux des Monu- ^ns Publics^ No. ag, rue de TUniversit^, or by letttn
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t^Bf) PLACES !
addressed to Monsieur ie Direcleur. The office is op ov^i^y day from 1 1 to 4- In summer the column may 1 ascended from 9 in the momiog till 6 in the evenin^ in winter from 12 till 4-
PLACE-ROYALE.
Thb Place was formed upon part of the ground occ piod by the celebrated palais des Tournelles, constructc amh\r Charles V. At a tournament held in this palac in 1 J. "19, in honour of the marriage of Elizabeth, aaugl lev of Henry n, with Philip 11 of Spain, the count d Montgomeiy broke a lance against Heme's helmet, an the king received a wound in the eye which he survive only 1 1 days. Catherine de M^dicis, his aueen, abai doiied the palais des Tounielles, and, in io65, ordere it it» i)e demolished. The inner comi; was then con vui ted into a horse-market, and continued to be devote to that purpose till i6o4» when Henry IV began tl (^ouHll action of the Place-Royale. It was in the i^mai of I lie Palais des Tournelles tliat Henry IV establish I lie Jii^t manufactory of gold and silver stuffs ever knov in Paris. That side of the place which is parallel llii- i'lie St.-Antoine, was built at the king's expens ;iiul jifterwards sold. iThe rest of the gix>und was so to Ijiiilders upon condition of their erecting pavilioi jiimibr to those built by the king : the works were te minated in i^ia, and the same year, Mary de M^di< gave a magnificent tournament thei*e, ou account of t] >aotibIe alliance contracted between France and Spad I'hi.'j Place, surrounded by 35 pavilions, is a perfe s<[iiare of 432 feet. On the ground-floor are piazz o\>tm to the public. The pavuions are built of sto and licick, with very lofly roofs, covered with slate. T jiiiiKKas are decorated with pilasters without entablatu < II' to mice ; and above them rise two stories, besides t :4:1a ttments foimed in the roof. Two pavilions ai'e mu liiglipr than the others, and have larger roofs. Tl Inwards the rue Royale was called le pavilion du i?( ilic oiher le pavilion de la Reine. They are both dec I iitrd with Doric pilasters, crowned by an entablatui
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PLACE DES VICTOIRES. 28 1
he Place is paved along the piazzas to the breadth of j ide street, and the remainder b enclosed by an iron tiling, within which are grass-plats and walks. Thin ind of garden is entered by four large and two small ates. The railing was executed in i685 ; it cost 35,ooi> nncs, and the expense was defrayfd by the proprietors f the houses forming the square, which were then con- dered as the largest and finest in the capital. Thi^ lace-Royale was at that period the general resoit of the ishionable world. At present this mrt of the town is ny thing but brilliant. Within a few yeai^s the Plac e as been embellished by two rows of ti-ees. In 1639, Cardinal Richelieu caused an equestrian statue of Louis [in to be erected in the centre of the Place-Royalf. ["his statue was destroyed in September, 17012, and Ok^ ilace afterwards took the name of PUict aes Vosges. liter the restoration, Louis XVIII issued an ordonnancc or the re-erection of the statue, but it was not carrit-il nto execution till 1829, it being first exposed to publir dew on the 4th of November (St. Charles's day) of thnit rear. It was executed in marble by Dupaty and.GortoL ind is considered a striking likeness. The monarch i^ labited a la romaine. The head is expressive of dij;- lity, the figure well seated, and the draperies elegant] \ hrown ; but the horse is ill proiKMtioned, gnd the groujj, aken in the ensemble^ is cold and stiff. In the centime, -^ leautiful fountain w^as constinicted, imder Napoleoun ;onsisting of an octagonal basin, into which the watriv fter playing to a considerable height^ fell in the form f a wheat-sheaf. This fountain was necessarily de- troy ed for the re-erection of the statue. In the ceutnr f four grass-plats, corresponding to the angles of thi- pedestal, four fountains were formed in iSaS. The water •isues from a circular shell, falls in a sheet into a much irger shell, the edge of which is pierced all round, and lesccnds fi'oui Uience into a basin.
fl
PLACE DES VICTOIRES. This Place was formed in i685, by order of Mai-fthi^* "lancois d'Aubusson, duke de la Feuilladc, who deter -
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282 PLACES :
; mined to erect a statue in its centre in honour of Lou
• XIV. The city of Paris concarred in the purcbaae <
I the houses and gardens which previously occupied tli
^ site, and its construction was commenced hy the archi
tect Pr^ot, after the designs of Jules Francois Mansari
' ; Its form is the segment of a circle, whose diameter is 24
[ [ feet. The style of architecture of the surrounding
j I houses is uniform, consisting of a range of Ionic pilasters.
I ^ resting upon a basement of arcades. In the centre, upon
[ ' a marble pedestal, was a magnificent pedestrian statue,
in gilt lead, of Louis XTV , in his coronation robes, tread
' ing a Cerberus beneath his feet and crowned by Victory .
r At the angles of the pedestal, four bronze figures 0
I nations in chains, represented the power of the monard
) • and the success of his arms. A few days before the
Jeie de la Fidiraiion (July i4i 1790), the figures at the
angles were removed to the court of the Louvre, from
whence they were afterwards transported to the Hdfte
des Invalides.* The statue was destroyed on the loU
of August, 1792, and the place took the name of PUu>
des Fictoires NtOionales. In 1806, a colossal nake<
statue, cast in bronze by Rtoond, after the designs c
Dejoux, was erected in honour of General Desaix. Th
indecency of this figure induced the government to re
move it previous to the restoration, and at that period i
was destroyed. Upon the second return of the kinj
(in i8i5), it was decided that a marble equestriai
statue of Louis XIV should be erected in the Place dc
Victoires, and M. Bosio, a member of the Institute, wa
charged to prepare a model. When the latter was neari;
completed, an ordonnance of the king, dated April 1 4
1 8 1 9, deci^eed that the monument should be executed ii
bronze. The pedestal, formed of five immense block
of Carrara marble, was erected after the designs an<
under the direction of Alavoine. This statue, whicJ
is 14 feet in height, exclusive of the pedestal, wa
cast in three parts, under the direction of M. Carbon
neaux, after the model of M. Bosio» and dedicated on th
yoth of August, i8'i2. The monarch, in the habit c
Sec page 22 i.
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PLACE DU GAanOUSEL— PLACE LOUIS XVI. 283
e Roman emperors, and crowned with laurel, holds his left hand the bridle of his prancing charger, antl his ri^t a truncheon. The king's countenance i^ pressive of dignity, and the costume is happily chosen convey the idea of power. The horse is rather iavy, but is well made and full of spirit. The entirt; iss, which weighs nearly 16,000 lbs. is merely sup- •rted by the hinder legs and tail of the horse. T}i(> destal is decorated with two bas-reliefs, representing e passage of the Rhine by Louis XIV, in 16^2, and at monarch upon his throne, distributing mihtary dt' •rations. On one end is the inscription, LudovigoMagfto ; id on the other, Luoovicus xvui Atavo sue. The cir- ilar marble pavement out of which the pedestal rises surrounded by palisades fenced by cast-iron posts =
PLACE DU CARROUSEL. See page ISO.
PLACE LOUIS XVl. It is difficult to conceive how a spot so advantageously tuated as that which forms this Place should have re- tained so long neglected. It was, till the reign oi ouis XV, a vast, unoccupied, irregular space whicli, ing between the garden of the Tuileries and th<' hamps-Elys^, was detrimental to the beauty oJ' [)th. After the peace of Aix4a-Chapelle, the city of iris determined upon the erection of a statue to 3uis XV, le BienrAimd. For this purpose the kiti|; >propriatcd the vacant spot above mentioned, between Le garden of the Tuileries and t)ie Champs-Elys^s. pon this spot the Place Louis XV was commenced in ^65, aft«r the designs of Gabriel, but v^s not com- etely finished till 1772. Its length from north tt> uth, is 75o feet, and irom^ast to west 528. The plan , hidi is octagonal, is marked out by fosses, 72 feet in eadth by 14 in depth, surrounded with balustrades, id terminated by eight pavilions, decorated with gar ids. Along the balustrades arc footpaths ascendeil
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by steps. Instead of fonning an mtenniption between the Tuileries and the Champs felyste, the Place Louis XY seems to prolong the dependencies of the palace. The place derives great beauty from the objects which sunx)und it. The terraces of the garden of the Taileries bound it on the east. The Champs-Elys^ lie on the west. . On the north are seen two spacious and magni- ficent edifices which, divided by the rue Royale, afford a view of the church de la Madeleine, and to the south ai*e the fiont Louis XVI, and the Chamber of Deputies. Along the left bank of the Seine are seen a line of mag- nificent edifices, and beyond the Chamber of DepuUes appears the splendid dome of the Invalides.
At the enU^nce of the Champs-Elysto are two lofty pedestals sui-mounted by groups in marble, by Coustou, junior, each representing a restive horse checked by a groom. These groups correspond with two others at the western entrance of the garaen of the Tuileries, but in execution are far superior to tliem. The former were brought to Paris from Mai4y, in 1704*
The two edifices on the north side are each a88 feet in length ; and the rue Royale, which separates them, is go feet wide. The fronts are terminated by two projecting pavilions, between which, on the ground- floor, is a gallery formed by arcades, ornamented witli rustics. Fi*om this basement rise 11 Corinthian co- lumns, surmounted by an entablature and a balus- trade. The basement of each pavilion supports four columns of the same order, crowned by a pediment above which rises a cluster of armour. At the fii-st story is a second gallery behind the colimms. The tympa- nums of the pediments are adorned with bas-reliefs. The pavilions are liltewise ornamented with nichea^ me- dallions, aftd consoles. These strnctui*es were erected by Potain, alter the designs of Gabriel. The aim of the architect seems to have been to rival the production of Perrault in the colonnade of the Louvre. The coupling of the columns, which is considei"«d the chief defect in PerraulVs plan, is ceiUinly avoided in that of Gabriel; but still connoisseurs in general give th<8 palm to the for- mer. The building nearest to the garden of the Tiiile-
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PLACE LOUIS XVI. 285
s was formerly occupied as the garde-meuble de la wonney'^ and contained an immense number of valu^ e and carious objects. Under Napoleon, it was ap- 3priated to the residence and offices of the minister of e marine and colonies, who still dwells in it. U))Oii e summit of the roof a telegraph has been erected to rrespond with Brest. The buildin^r on the oppo- e side of the rue Rojale is inhabited by private allies.
The equestrian statue of Louis XV, which was cast in onze by Gor, after a model by Bouchardon, was de- oyed on the 12th of August, \']^i.^ At that period ^ place was railed place de la JR^voluiioa. In 1800. joD a decree l>cinj^ issued for the erection of a depart- ental cohitnTi in the centime, it assumed the name of ace de la Concorde . In 1 8 1 4 the name place Loui s X\ as i^stoi-ed. On the loth of Januaiy, 1816, Louis Vni issued an otvU nance for re-erecting the statue of i>ub XY. After ilie accession of Charles X, it was i-e- »lved that the statue of Louis XV should be erected in le centre of the ^lon^/ww/of the Chanii^s-Elys^es, and lat of Louis XM in the place Louis XV, the name of Jiirli from that [>i;i iod was to be changed to /?/<ic« Louis '/'/. Eosio was charged with the executiou. The Firoilunate mooaich is I'epresented with his eyes di- eted towards IviMvcn, suppoited by an angel. A ]>ropos]tiot] foi tlie cession of Uie Place Louis X\ I \\A the Champfi El\ s^*s to the city of Paris, upon con- it jon of the linrn of a, 250,000 fr. being expeaded in \mv embeUishnveivt within the space of five years, LvJng ]>een acct-dptl to by the municipal council, a bill I- the legal Iran&fi. r of the ground from the state to the
• Fo*^ Gffr^/e-^/f»/j/e see page 266.
4j^ CiTn^iflcraT^lr ilitliriiUy was found in forcing this statin* aro th* [K:!flt\t;i1 ; a toot of the horse still remained in tin- tkcrjiipoii ^liirb ^^^it obser\'ed, ** Royalty has jret one font L the stirrup " Tlili statue was succeeded, by a monstrous 5iire of Lili€rtyt in ikbster. At its feet were murdered, from le 3IbI cjf Jnn'iiarv, l793, to the 3d of Maj, 1795, more ihmi SOO persons, uf InUh sexes and all ages. Every party anrt { ry raclion hs ium» i^i^nducted others, and were tliemselvc^ utJucted, lo tlic .»rtt(Tol(l erected on this place.
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city was introdaced to the chambera in iBao, and pas< sed. In the beginniag of i83o, the sum of i ,000,000 fr. was voted by the municipal council for tJie works in the Place Louis XYI, and their execution entrusted to M. Lusson, whose designs obtained a preference over those presented by his competitors. The execution of the pbi was commenced in May of the same year, and ^rec years fixed for its completion. The Place will form a parallelogram intersected by two wide streets, in the centre of which will stand the group of Louis XYI. The angles of the Place will tiius be divided into four other parallelograms,* to be surrounded by palisades, and skirted with causeways ; the palisades will be sepa* rated from distance to distance by pillars crowned with vases, to coiTespond with those in the rue de Rii'oli. The entrance to the Place, from the I'ue Royak and the pont Louis XVI, will present lofty pedestals surmounted by horses in marble, resembling those forming the en- trance from the Champs Elys^s and the garden of the Tuileries. On the side next the Champs Elysdes will be two grass-plats in an oblong shape, and beyond them two guai-d-houses. In each of the four parallelogrsns above-mentioned it is intended to erect a magnificent fountain in bronze, 4o feet in height, ornamented with allegorical figures of rivers, tritons, naiads, and sea- monsters, who will throw forth the water into a basin. This magnificent Place will be completed by the erection of cast-iix>n pillars bearing lamps, which wiU ])e lighted with gas.
The events that have rendered this spot famous are 30 identified with its history, that we p^sent them to our readers in the following chronological order :— *
Majr 30, 1770.— During the rejoicings at the marriage of the Dauphin (afterwards Louis XVI), a fatal accident occurred, which caused the death of 3,000 persons, who after a discharge of iirc-'works, rushed towards the rue Royale, where, nnforttt' nately , an opening liad been made in the ground, and the mate* rials for several unfinished houses lay scattered in the street.
Juljri2, 1789.— Prince Lambesc, who was stationed here with his regiment to prevent the assembly of the mob, was pursninc an individual near the pate of the Tuileries, woen the lattei was thrown down hy the prince's horse. This spread alarm
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PLACE LOUIS XVI, ETC. 287
oughout all Paris, and'waa the ai^al for the attack upon the itae.
Tuly 13. — The garde-meuble Mr as broken open, and two pieces cannon, many muskets, ancient armour, and other valuable icle^ carried off.
AtMg. 9, 1792.—- A patrole, called the rojalists, was unex' ctt&j attacked here m the ni^. The abbe*Bonn]rn de Boven, to was at their head^ escaped into a neighbouring house ; but, ung his comrades engaged, precipitated himself from the first or upon the bayonets of the assassins, who cut off his head m a post, the fiimous Mademoiselle Throuenne holding his 8. M. Lidan, jonmalist, met with the same fate. 9ept. 17. — ^A great number of articles were stolen firom the rde-meuble.
rhe National Convention celebrated a file upon this place r the liberty of Savoy.
Jan, 21 , l793.-*— Louis \VI suffered death on this place, where 6 following persons also subsequently perished by the guillotine : Julx nVCharlotte Corday ; Oct. 2, the deputy Brissot and 20 his coUeagues) Oct. 16, Marie Antoinette, consort of Louis ^'l ; I^ou, 14, Louis Philippe Joseph, duke of Orieans ; March I, 1794, the faction called the Hebertists, Maratists, andOr- uaists^ to the number of 19, including Hebert; j4pril 8, the ction called the Dantonists, including Danton, Camille-Des- sulins, Heraut de Sechelles, Fabre d Eglantine, etc. ; jlpril , the faction called the Atheists, composed of Bishop Gobel, uiumette {procureur of the Commune), Anacharsis Clootz (a ussian and Deputy), the wife of CamiUe-Desmoulins, of He- rt, etc.— #/fl7*l 2, Elisabeth Philippine Marie Helcne of France, ter of Loais XVI ; July 28, Robespierre and liis brother, imas, mayor of Paris, and commander of the National Guards, .-Just, and Coiithon, all members of the Committee of Public fcty, and several otihers ; July 29, 70 members of the Com- me of Paris ; July 30, } 2 other members of the Commune. A monument, called a montagne, was raised on the Place nis XV, in honour of Marat.
April 10, 1814.— The Russian, Prussian, and Austrian armies ^re reviewed, and Te Deumj according to the Greek ritnal, IS sung, for the triumph of the Allies, and the Restoration of eBourtyons, at an altar raisedin the middle of this Place, wliile lalute of 100 guns was fired. The Parisian National Guards te all under arms.
PLACE DU PALAIS-BOURBON, Seepage 197.
PLACE DU PALAIS-ROYAL,
Sec page 177.
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PLACE nn CHATELET,
At the foot *)fthe Pont-mt- Change. Cjioii Hiesile of Lliis place, wl»it'h h a square of li feet, HlfMui iin «inciei)l. buikliQg calU^d the Gnitch*t, cor i^isriii|T of a court of jit^tite ^inl a prison, llie --".-> -» *!u ppi€"5sM?d at Uit* Revolutio lit anil tlir- Ijuildiog i ; tu 1 8oi. Pri?vjoiui to this period, tli^ rnv St - 1 approached fj'om the quay by a dark iiaiTfj ailjovu which wi're some old towers. This si^ ............
wtis of gveal adviiiii;ige lo the neiglibourhood, », in stead of naiH*ow unwholesome aUcys, ao open am riLir* !>uii'oiinded by Ii^iiubome houses has bet.*ii formei, t* wlilch the name of the old building has Ijceu givca. \\ I he i'Oiitre is ;ui elegant fouuLiiu, csdietil la Foftiaine d Palmier^ or ia Coionne du Chdieiei, Ci'pcted in 1808, a tci' the designs of M. Bi alli'. U consist* of a ciivol; hasin an feet in diameter, wilh z pedestal aud column 1 Mil.' centre, 58 feet iu elevsttion. The shaft of the btti I'epresents the trunk of a pahn-tiiic, and tht« capital tl branches. U] win the pedestal are fonr Hne stvitues, I Boizot, reprea^^nting Justice, Sti'enj^th^ Pnideiic*\ ai: Vigibncp, which join haudA and encircle the cohimi The ahaflis divided by bands of bixtnsce ^;ilL 1j<.mi ijtg (1 namcsof the pnucipjil victor ics gained b' ij. A
the angles of Uie [>edeslal are cornticopia 1 .1 li
Hshcs' lieads, from which the water issiie>;. of the pedestal are ornamentetl with englis hv large cro^%^jis of laurel in relief. Alxivc tlie . sire heads rep resent inij the \iVinda, and in the * * (|lolje, v^'hich supports a qilt statue of Yicto. forth a crown of laurel in each hand* The * 1 tiotaries oc cu j>y the houiie No, r , upon the place du Ct telet^ where houses and other real propeity ai*e sold ] auction. Goods sei/.ed by warra.nts issued hf nufli tratefi are sold hy auction in the opini place on \^ c^ni days and Saturdays.
PLACE DAUFHtXE, This jikce, which opens upun the Pout-Neuf^ w
f*>rined in UioS, am! reeeivetl its njune in honour of I hnMi of Ihedauphiiu afterwards I.rmis SllL Its fi>i
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PLACE DAtJPHXNE.— -PLACE DB GREYE. 280
isUiat of an acnCe triande, and the houses which sur- round it are irregularly huilt of stone and brick . In the centre is a fountain, after the designs of Percier and Fon- *taine, erected in i8o3, to the memory of general Desaix, who fell at the battle of Marengo. It is composed of a dppns, surmounted by the geperaFs bust, which is crowned by a military genius under the figure of a young man. The Po and the Nile, with their attributes, are represented upon a circular bas-relief. Two figures of Fame are engravine upon escutcheons, the one, Thbbks and the Pyramids, the other, Kshl and Marengo. Upon the pedestal, the name of the hero appears in letters of gold, encirded by a garland of oak, and below ai-e in- scribed what are said to have been his last words, but which were not uttered by him, as he never spoke after he received the fatal shot: — ^*' AUez dire €ui premier consul queje meurs Ui^ec le regret de n' avoir pas assez fait pour vivre dans la post^riti"
A military trophy is placed behind the pedestal, and npon its base are two inscriptions, besides a list of the names of more than 600 persons who subscribed for tlie erection of the monument . On account of the continual splashing of the water the names are already nearly illegible. The watei* flows into a circular basin from four lions' heads, in bronze, fixed in the pedestal.
PIAGE DE GRJtVE. The word grive means a strand or shore. The prin- cipal ornament of this place is the H6tel-de-Yille; the houses for the most part are old, and bear marks of the Gothic architecture in use among our forefathers. To- wards the south it is open to the quay. It is worthy of remark that the first experiment of lighting by gas, in Paris, was made at a a^ in this pkce. The Place de Gr^e has long been the spot where criminals are exe- cuted. The punishment of death is rare in Paris, and the only mode of inflicting it, now allowed by the laws of France, is by the guillotine. During the Revolution hundreds of innocent victims were sacrificed heie. At that period the guillotine was erected in the centre of the place ; it is now put up near the foot-path which ex-
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Hi
2go PLACES :
tends along the parapet of the quaj. AUuiiMi •* au to tlih celebottd spot in Priors humoneitt tv^ of t thief Atid tbc cordeher, which begioi^
Whcf hiK^ f'cr been at Paris must needs Iucp^ tbe <ni£p«, The hvd relrcal of ibc unfoTlitnaU bn^ve.
Persons desirous of seeing the guJUQtiiiel nessing au cj^eoution^ may do so by w^ritiogto M. Hmoi No. 5i, rue de* Mariis, stating what daj iniboQr wj be agreeahle to them, M. Henri will then ravttHbnlk) the a.Ul iustrumeat to be put up in one dftliteMrtio » hottSCj No. i3, rue du Pont-aux-Choux, Uttfer* quired is i5 francs, but the party may consilt dl at number of persons.
PLACE DU PAUilS DE JUSTICE, SeepigeSH,
PLACE ST,-SULP1CE.
When Servandoni constructed the portico of i chuixh of St.-Sutpice, it wt&s his intention to oj^icn ai-ea or place in its front, and to construct two EbtinU npon the same axis as the towers of the church 1 place was l>egun in 1 764, about 1 1 years after the pnrtJ was Gnished, but tlie fountains were never eieciitAi superb building for a seminary, i^ecentlj erected* cci pteies the jt?gularity of tlie place St.-Sulpice, ^'*pol« determined that a fountain should be built inthiiphi and M. Destouruelies was charged to furnish tlif tf0V It stood in the centre of the spacious area, but Ins b^ removed to the marcb^ St. -Germain, and it is iftt«oA»i erect a grander one upon its site.
PLACE DR LA BASTILLE,
The Bastille, so celebrated in the history of FraD was attacked and captuixid by a revolutionai*y mob the 14th of July, i^Sg. In May and June of the owing year it was demolished, Vn pursnaiu^ yf ade^
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PLACE DE l'^COLE. 39!
>f the national assembly ; and part of tlie materials were employed in the construction of the pont Louis XYI. ts site now forms the place de la Bastille, and the moat s conrerted into a basin for boats passing through the lew canal. In the centre of the place, the construction vi a fountain was begun by order of Napoleon, the pre- »aratory works of which have been continued since the estoration; but the original plan has been abandoned. Lccording to the design presented to Napoleon, by De- on, a semicirdulajp. ardi over the canal St.-Martin was to ear a bronze elephant more than 7a feet high, including be tower supported by the animal. The water was to sane from Uie trunk of this colossal figure; each of ^bose legs was to measure six feet in diameter, and in ne of them was to be a staircase leading to the tower. Qstead of the elq>hant this fountain is to be ornamented rith an allegorical Statue, 24 feet high, representing the i tj of Paris, by Cortot . At the angles will be four sta- ues, 1 6 feet in height^ of the Rhine, the Rhone, the <oire, and the Seine» by Roman, Petitot, Pradier, and (Tantenil. A fnll-«ized plaster model of the stupendous lephant, as well as of !i4 bas-reliefs that were intended
0 adorn the pedestal, may be seen in a shed near the pot. Tickets of admission are obtained by applying ersonally at the Direction des Travisux des Monumens Publics ^ No. 29, rue de TUniversit^, or by letter address-
1 to M. le Direcieur.
PLACE DE L'ECOLE, JVorthem extremity of the Pont-Neuf. A celebrated school attached to the church of St.* ermain-PAuxerrois existed on or near this spot, at a )ry remote period. The school was in a flourishing ite under Charlemag;pe, but the ground it occupied kving become necessary as a quay {quai de rj&cole) for doading boats, and the university being established K>n the niontagne Ste. -Genevieve, studies were dis- mtinued at St.-Germain-rAuxerrois. This place, hich opens upon the quai de r£cole, seems to have Ben formed about 1607, in which year the chapter of
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392 TRIUMPHAL ARCHES :
St.-Germain-rAuxerrois ceded part of the ground upon which the school stood, for the construction of a cislera. The only ornament of the place de r£cole is a fountain built in 1 806. It presents a circular basin with a 8<juare pedestal , surmounted by a highly ornamented vaae ris- ing out of the centre. In the basement of the pedestal are four lions' heads, in bronze, from which the water issues. ■ The vase is ornamented with bas-reliefs, re- presenting on one side two sea-gods, and on the other a Triton. The handles are terminated by pandiers' heads.
PLACE OR PARVIS DE NOTRE-DAME. See page 63.
PLACE BEAUVEAU. This place forms a semicircle, the diameter of which is in a line with the rue du faubourg St. -Honors. The central building of the place is the h6tel Beanvean, in front of which the avenue de Marigny extends to the Ghamps-Elys^s. The other buildmgs are handsome private houses.
TRIUMPHAL ARCHES. PORTE ST.-DENIS/ This triumphal arch, which stands upon the site of theporteSt.-Denis, built under Charles IX, was erected by the city of Paris in 167a, after the desi^ of Blon- del, to perpetuate the rapid victories of Louis XIV, who in the space of two months, subjected forty towns and three provinces to his dominion. It stands upon the boulevard, at the extremity of the rue St.-Denis. It is 72 feet in heieht; the principal arch is aS feet wide, and 43 in height, and in the piedroits are two arches,
* At a very early period Paria became a fortified town, and continued to be ao till the reign of Louis XIV, when the walls and gates were demolished. Upon that monarch erecting tit- umphal arches on or near the spot where someof the gates stood, the name porte ( gate) was retained.
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PORTE ST.-DEHIS. 2l^S
« feet in width by lo in height. Over the lateraJ ches are pjrramids in relief, which rise to the enta- ature, and are snmCiounted by globes heAring^fieuts-de' f and crowns.
Towards the city, one bas-relief represents Holland , ider the colossal figure of a terrified woman, sitting )on a dead lion, who holds in one paw a broken '^ord, and in the other seven broken arrows, which i%- Bsent the seven United Provinces. On the other ap- aurs the Rhine, in the person of a vigorous man, smit- I with astonishment, leaning upon a rudder, and Iding a cornucopia. On the side towards the fau- urg, the pyramids rest upon lions couchans. The ilitary trophies which ornament the four pyramids, s of exquisite workmanship. Above the arch is a 8-relief, representing Louis XTV on horseback, cross^ j; the Rhine, at Tolhuis ; on the frieze, in bronze let- 's, is LuDOYico Mag MO. *^ The bas-relief of the opposite le represents the taking of Maestricht. In the spa n- ils of the arch are figures of Fame. Upon tablets iced under the pedestals of the pyramids are four in- riptions by Blondel, which show that he was a clas- 'A scholar, as well as a skilful architect. § Girardon IS at first charged with the sculpture, but being called Versailles, it was executed by Michael Anguior. lis monument, which is considered one of the finest )rks of the age of Louis XIV, both for the harmoiiy its proportions, and the admirable execution of its rts, was in such a state of decay at the beginning of r present century, as to threaten total ruin. Its ra- r was undertaken, and ably executed by Gellerier^ 1807.
?*ormerly the kings and queens of France always de their public entry into Paris by the porteSt.-Deui^.
It is worth}r of remark that this inscription, which was efFat i^d lie Revolution, was restored by order of Napoleon a short : before his fall.
These inscriptions were effaced during the Revolution » in leqnence of their being insulting to Holland, but were reatornl )07, when the arch was repaired.
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2g4 TRIUMPHAL ARCHES:
The first womaD hung in Finance was executed at the ancient gate.
PORTE ST.-MARTIN.
This triumphal arch was built in 1674* after the de- signs of Pierre Bullet, a pupil of Blondel, architect of tlie porte St. -Denis. It is ^ feet wide, by an elevation of 54 feet, including the attic, the height of which is 1 1 feet. It is pierced ny three arches; Uiat in the centre is 1 5 feet wide by 3o in elevation; the lateral arches are eight in width by 16 in height. The edifice is wron|^t in vermiculated rustics, as high as the entablatme, which is surmounted by an attic bearing an inscription on each side. In the spaces between the imposts and the entablature are bas-reliefs, by Desjardins, Marsy, le Hongre,'and Legros. Those towards the city represent the taking of Besancon and the ti^iple alliance ; those towards Uie faubourg are the taking of Limbourg, and the defeat of the Germans, by Louis XIV. This prince is represented under the figure of Herctdes, with a large wig, and a club with which he drives back an eagle. Between the consoles of the entablature are various at- tributes of the military art ; and in the centre is the sun, which Louis XTV took for his emblem. Thoagii the porte St.-Martin is inferior in riclmess to that of St.-Denis, it does not yield to it in harmony of pro- portions, or purity of execution. Tlie entablature is justly admired . In 1 8 1 9 and 1 820 this arch was repaired .
ARC DE TRIOMPHE (placi dc ciaaovsiL). Seepage 151.
ARC DE TRIOMPHE DE L'£tOILE. This unfinished monument stands in a spacious cir- cular area without the l>aiTier de I'fitoile. It was begun at the expense of the city of Paris in 1806, to commemo- rate Napoleon's triumph over Russia, and his alliance with the Emperor Alexander at Tilsit. It was continued
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ARC DE TRIOMI^E DE L'tXOlLE. 2^5
$ I o, to commemorate, first, his concniest of Austria , then his alliance with the Austrian Imperial House, designs of it were by Ghalgrin, and Uie first stone laid August i5, 1806. The difficulty in obtaining lid foundation for the immense weight of this monu- it retarded its progress, and incurred great expense. It years' continual labour were devoted to it. Upon mtry of the Empress Maria Louisa into Paris on the )f April, 1 8 10, an immense frame was constructed covered with painted canvas, to represent the arch Ls full dimensions and splendour. In 181 4 the ks were discontinued and the scaffolding taken n ', bvft, in iSaS, upon the final success of the French y in Spain, the king issued an ordonnance for their lediate termination. Although the works are still rogress, under the direction of M. Huyot, we shall ribe it as it will appear when entirely finished, principal fronts are 1 54 feet, and the sides 67 feet, »readth. The grand arch is 44 ^eet in breadth and in heicht. Two transversal arches which intersect principal 6ne are i5 i/a in breadth, and 56 feet in [Tit. The total elevation of the monument, including cornice and the attic, is i33 feet. The piedroits arc imented with clusters of armour and allegorical res; and the spandrils with figures of Fame, by lier. The frieze, two feet in breadth, is oma- ited with laurel, oak leaves, etc. ; and above it are reliefs on the four sides, representing the following ects : — Towards the barrier : The king on his throne, ibuting rewards to the principal officers of his army, ards Neuilly : The -Dauphin receiving the civil and cary authorities. On the two lateral fronts: Regi- Is filing off. The vaults of the arches are decorated I caissons. This monument, which is of the most tiful fresh-water limestone fi:^m Ch4teau-LandoYi, s one af the most majestic ornaments of Paris. The itself is more gigantic than any one of the kind ?rto erected, and nothing can be more commanding the situation in which it is placed, or more mag- ent than the view of which it forms a part.
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I
ag6 COURTS — ^PASSAGES.
COURTS.
The number of courts in Paris is considerable, but there are few whose past or present state entitles tbem to notice.
The Gourdes Miracles^ which forms a prolongation of the rue Damiette, near the Place du Caire, was cele- brated in the 17th century, in consequence of being the receptacle of begcars and thieves, who upon returning to this haunt, laid aside the costume of the part which they played in public. The bhnd received their sig^t, the Lime walked, and the maimed were made whole.
The CourBatavey No. 1 24, rue St.-Denis, was so called because it was erected by a company of Dutch merchants in 1 79 1, upon the site of a chm*ch dedicated to St.-S^ pulchre, and some other buildings. The principal court, which has the form of a parallelogram, was for-^ xnerly surrounded with porticoes and a covered gallery bordered with shops. The front towards the rue Sl- Denis, as well as the buildings round the court, are ornamented with bas-reliefs. From the centre of the pile opposite the entrance, rises a small tower with a clock surmounted by Mercury, the god of commerce. The elegance of this comi; is much diminished in con- sequence of the porticoes having been filled up with shops. This structure cost more than i ,800,000 fir. ; and if the Revolution had not prevented the complete execution of the plan, it would have formed a magni- ficent monument. The buildings were executed under the direction of Sobre and Happe.
PASSAGES. The confluence of strangers in the galleries of the Palais-Royal induced several proprietors of houses in Pans to construct passages skirted with shops, similar to the Burlington Arcade, in Piccadilly. The specula- tion has in some instances proved advantageous. Among those most entitled to notice are the Passage Yivienue, Galerie Colbert , the Passage de Ghoiseul, the Passage Ste . - Anne, the Passage Vero-Dodat, the Passage Mazarm, the
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ROYAL MAXUFAGTOmES. 397
Passage des Petits-Cban^, the Passage du Gommeroe, the Passage du Trocadero, the Passage des Panoramas, the Passage Delorme, the Passage d'Artois, the two Passages de I'Opera, the Passage da SaimiOD, the Pas- sage Vend6me, the Passage Bradj, the Passage Gharle- mame, the Passase de 1 Ancre, the Passage SaucMe, the P^issage Bourg-T Ahb^, the Passage de I'Ancien Grand Serf, the Passage du Caire, the Passage du Pont-Neuf, and the Passage Montesquieu. In most of them the shops contain an assortment of fashionable and el^nt articles.
CHAPTER XII. MANUFACTOMES, MARKETS, AND SLAUGHTER-HOUSES.
ROYAL MAJVUFACTORIES.
The French Revolution, and the subsequently un- settled state of Europe for a series of years, operated nowhere more than in France to arrest the progress of the useful arts. Tom from their occupation and home, many artists were compelled to serve in the army, and were thus ultimately lost to their respective professions; yet such is the ingenuity, skill, and activity of the people, that they excel in many arts, and are making rapid pro- gress towards perfection. As an instance of this state- ment, we shall notice the spinning of cotton by ma- chineiy, which has not been introduced into France more than 55 years, but which has become one of the most important branches of the national industry. Ma- nufactories of cotton thread exist in all parts of the country, and the number of workmen employed is very great.
There are in Paris five royal manufactories :* one of tapestry, another of carpets, a third of looking-glasses, a fourth of mosaic-work, and a fifth of snuff. The pro-
* For Royal Bfanufactory of porcelain at Sevres, see Eimaoiis OF pAais.
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298 .ROYAL manufactories:
ductions of the three former were originallT destined exclusively for the royal palaces. These establishments present nothing remarkable in point of architecture, as they merely consist of workshops built at dijflTerent periods, without any fixed plan, but which nevertheless contain every thing required for utility and convenience. Paris, never having been a manufiaicturing city, contains but few private manufisictories upon a large scale.
HATVUFAGTURE ROYALE DES GOBELINS
(tAPESTRT AND CAHPXT MANUFACTORT),
iVo. 270, rue Mouffetard. From the 14th centunr dyers of wool have been esta- bhshed in the faubourg St.-Marcel, upon the Bi^vre, the water of that small nver being favourable to the pro- cess of dyeing. One of them, named Jean Gobelin, who lived in i45o, amassed considerable wealth, and pos- sessed much property upon the banks of that river. His descendants continued to labour with success ; bat having become very rich, they renounced the profession of dyers, and filled various offices in the magistracy, the treasury, and the army. To the Gobelin family suc- ceeded Messrs. Canaye, who did not confine themselves to the dyeing of wool, but began to manufacture tapestry, which until that period had been confined to Flanders. About 1 655 they were succeeded 'by a Dutchman named Glucq, and a workman named Jean Liansen, who ex- celled in ^e art The establishment prospering, LonJs XrV, at the suggestion of Colbert, determined to form it into a royal manufactory. For that purpose all the houses and gardens which at present form the site of the establishment were purchased in 1662, Skilful artists were attached to the manufactory, and, in 1667, the celebrated Lebrun was appointed director. That great master painted the famous series of the battles of Alexander, in order that they might be copied in tapestry, and these still remain the finest productions of the establishment, although there are several very fine modem pieces in one of the galleries. Several rooms
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MANUFACTURE ROTALE DES GOBELIHS. 2gg
galleries are ornamented with figores in plaster, pio res, and ancient and modem tapestry. The work* oms are seven in number, and contain pieces of tapes- j in different states of forwardness. In the work lied the bmsse lisse* the loom was placed horizontally ie that of the weaver; in the haute lisse the warp is irtical and the workman has his frame before lum. dng placed behind the canvas on which he is employed, s back is turned towards the model, to which he occa- >nally refers, in order to compare the coloni* of his m with that part of the picture he is copying. The potation of this manufactory is spread over all Europe. f ingenious processes, the workmen eipress, with the <eatest truth, not only the design of the most celebrated tctures, but also the brightness of their colours, and the •gular gradation of their shades, so that the tapestry has le effect of the most finished painting. The pnKluctions Lecoted here principally represent historical subjects, requires occasionally the labour of from two to six sars to finish a single piece of tapestry, the cost of which [ten amannts to 18,000 fr., and even at this rate the orkmen, who are about 100 in number, are very inade- lately paid. The price of the different articles is regu- ted less by the sise than the beauty or difficulty of the ork.
The productions of this manufactory, which is sup- >rted by the government, are chiefly destined for the >yal pabces, or for presents made by the king; those ot intended for these purposes are allowed to be sold. Connected with the manufactory is an estabhshment r dyeing wool, directed by able chemists, where an ifinite number of shades, moSrtly unknown in trade, are jred for the tapestry. Wool is exclusively used, to snder the colours more permanent. Thera is also a rawing-school, in which the principles of the art are ught, and an annual course of lectures is delivered KMi cJiemistry as applicable to dyeing. At Beauvais there is a rival establishment which has quired a considerable reputation; but the works exe-
* The basse lUse is now abandoned.
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300 ^ ROYAL MANUFACTOIIES:
cuted there are principally confined to tapestry for fur- nitare, such as chairs, sofas, etc. These likewise are, for the most part, for the use of the royal palaces.
On the octave of the Flte-Dieu the galleries and court of the manufactory are hung with tapestry, and the public are admitted from noon tiO six o'clock.
To this establishment has been annexed the celebrated carpet manu£aictory, which was created a royal establi'sh* ment in i6o4) by Marie de Mddicis, in favour of Pierre Dupont, who invented the process for finishing the car- pets, and who was placed at its head with the title of director. The workshops were at first estahliaihftd at the Louvre, but, bj command of Louis Xm, they were transferred in i6i5 to a house in Chaillot, called ia Sa- vonnerie^ because sasH}n (soap) had been formerly made there. It received a new organization in i663, under the administration of Colbert, but fell afterwards into a languishing state, and was nearly abandoned, when, in 1 713, the duke d'Antin, director of the royal edifices and manufactories, repaired the buildings and restored the activity of the manu£aictory. Here it remained till 1826, when it was annexed to the tapestry manufactory of the Gobelins. This is the only establishment in France in which carpets are made in imitation of Ihose of Persia. The pieces manufactured here are placed perpendicu- larly, like the tapestry de haute Usse; but with this dif- ference, that in the latter the workman is placed on the wrong side, whilst in the former he has before him the fighty as in tapestry de btuse Hsse, The carpets of this manufactory are, in correctness and elegance of design, and in the brightness of their colours, much superior to those brought from the East, and, from a difiereot method of working, possess a richer velvet ^^oss and brighter and more durable hues, particularly m flowers, than the productions in tapestry can boast. It is impossible to set any price upon them, as none are allowed to be sold ; and there are small carpets of which the mann£ictnring cost 40,000 fr. The lai'gest carpet ever made is probably that manufactured at la Savonnerie, for the gallery of the Louvre: it consists of 72 pieces, forming altogether a length of more than i,doo feet.
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MANUFACTUILE BOTALE DBS GRACES. 3oi
Foradmission, strangers must appljbj letter, post-paid, M. le Directeur des Beaux Arts, No. 121 , rue de Gre- lle, faubourg St.^ermain. The admission days ava ednesdays and Saturdays, from two to four in wintrr, id from two to six in summer.
MANUFACTURE ROYALE DES GLACES
(plats-glass manufactory), iVo- 34, rue de heuilly, faubourg St.'Antoine. The art of manufacturing mirrors was introduced to France by Eustache Grandmont and Jean Antoiiie Anthonneuil, to whom a patent was granted, dated iigust I, i654« In March, i64o, the patent was ceded Raphael de la Planche, treasurer-general of the roy^il [fices. The undertaking being merely a speculation, Qtinued in a languishing state till 1666, when Colberf eated it a royal manufactory, and erected the spacious emises which it at present occupies. Previous to Uk- rmation of thisestaolishment, the finest mirrors pos- wed by France were brought from Venice; but in » ort time the glasses of Paris greatly excelled those of >netian manufacture in size and beauty. All the gtat^s iployed in the formation of mirrors was blown until $9, when a Frenchman, named Thevart, discovei-ed ; art of casting it ; which process was carried to a yh degree of perfection in 1688, by M. Lucas de Nehon , ke art of polishing the glass was invented by Riviere fresn^ to whom, as a reward for his discovery/ ^ ent was granted, which he afterwards sold to ttie nufactory.
Ihe dass is cast at Tourlaville, near Cherbourg, anc] St.-Gobin,* an ancient chateau near La F^re, froin lence it is sent in a rough state to Paris to be polished 1 silvered. There are upwards of 700 workmen ■e. During the Revolution, mirrors to the amount of
Stnngerft who vi«it the manufactory of St.-<xobin may ace » per table weighing 22,000 lbs., moved upon cast-iron wheel »■ m this table the glasses are cast. The cylinder by whicii f are imoothed is also of copper, and weighs 1 , 100 lbs.
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1 4,000,000 fr. were aocumukted upon these premises. Glasses ai*e made from 5 fr. to i a,ooo fr. ; and at present there is one valued at iiyigi fr., exclusive of the sil- vering, which costs about la per cent. Iji the reign of Louis XIV, the largest glasses made here were 48 inches square ; they are now made 120 inches in height bj 80 in breadth. The last large glass finished was sent to the seat of the duchess of Berry, at Rosny . It was 1 1 3 inches in height by 80 in breadth, and cost 16,000 fr. A list of the price of the glasses of different dimen- sions may be bought for 5 francs from the conder^^ at the manufactory.
This establishment may be visited every day except Simdays and festivals.
MANUFACTURE ROYALE DE MOSAIQUE,
JYo* 24, quai de Billy. This manufactory is under the special protection of the king, and is a dependence of the department of the intendant-general of the household. The works exe- cuted here are in mosaic of all kinds, from copies d large pictures to the smallest miniature, as well as in- crustations, after the Florence manner. The produc- tions of this establishment are open to the public on Saturdays, from noon to four o'clock.
MANUFACTURE ROYALE DES TABAGS,* Ab* 29, quai de» Inualides. The French government have the exclusive right of manufacturing snuff for a fixed term of years. The law which gives them this privilege would have expired in 1 8a6, but in the session of 1824 it was extended to i83o ; and in that of 1 Big to 1 835. The snuff is sold in Paris at 340 licensed shops called bureaux.
MARKETS. S If temples and palaces, public squares and gardens,
* See page 19.
$ The French have two words for market; Bunely, JEialle
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MARCH t DES llflVOCEKS. 3o3
riomphal arches and monumental columns, contribute ) the beauty of a city, there are other buildings which, Ithoufi^ of a more humble architectural character, must e ranked among the most necessary and useful struc- ara. In this class are markets, pubhc slau^ter-houses, ad store-houses, edifices for which Paris is unequalled y any capital in Europe.
The first market-house in Paris was situated in the Cit^^ »ar the street still called rue du marchd Palu . A market, lied marchd de VApport, was afterwards held near the Ltremity of the rue St.-Denis, till the reign of Louis VI, ho transferred it to apiece of ground near the cemetery ss Innocens, named Cnampeaux or Petits-Champs . Philip .ugustus established two other markets near the same x>ty and they took the name of holies. Each class of salers and every neighbouring town had its particular (die. Francis I caused all the holies to be rebuilt with iUars of stone opening into dirty gaUeries, obstructed rith irreeular stalb. The inconvemence of these places egan to be felt in the last century, and market-houses, >r all sorts of provisions, have since been constructed in irery part of Paris.
In these various holies and markets the traveller may ot only become acouainted with the produ(^ of the gantry, but also wiui the manners of the lower classes I Paris, and the appearance of the peasants, who come ere in crowds to dispose of their commodities.
MARCHE DES INNOG^S, between the rue de la Ferronnerie and the rue aux Fen, On the spot where this market is held stood a tower, built a remote period as a defence against the attacks of the Nor- ms. This tower having been demolished in the tenth cen- ry, the ground was attached to the eglise des Innocens as a meterj, and continued the principal onrial-eround of Paris I 1784, when the remains were transferred to the caUcombs,* d it was converted into a market-place for regetables and
d Marche. The former is, propcrlv speaking, a place where mmodities are sold wholesale, and tne latter a common reUil irket f <ir the necessaries of life.
* See Catacombs.
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3o4 MABKETS :
fruit. The soil was completely changed, the gromid paved, and, in 1813, four extensive wooden gaUeries were erected. In the centre of this market is a beautiful fountaiui which stood originally at the angle formed by the rue St.-Denis and the rue aux Fcrs. It was erected in 1551, under the direction of Picne Lescot, abbot of Clnny : the exquisite sculpture was hj Jean '^ ' -" ' • acne
Goi^on. The decoration was divided into three parts, eac. posed of an arcade, accompanied byCorinthian pilasters surmount- ed by a pediment, and adorned with bas-reliefs representing IVaiads. Upon the demolition of the eglise des Innocens, in 1785, the fountain was removed to the snot it now occupies, a fonrth arcade, the sculpture of which is by Pajou, being added, so aa to form a quadnngular monument. The Uons and other orna- ments were executed by Lhuillier, Mezicres and Daiyon. The monument is crowned by a cupola, covered with copper, repre- senting the scales of fish. The height is forty-two feet. On each of the four sides is the inscription — Fohtiuh Ntvphis. The following distich, by Santeuil, was restored in 1819 :
Qvos nuao caaivis simuiatos MAEMoaB pluctus, Huius jxiuPBk LOCI CRsniniT Bsai sues. 1689.
The water falls in fine cascades into four lai^e vesseli rcaem- bling tombs, and from thence into a spacious basin.
The Afarche des innocens is the lai^gest market in Paris, and is generally called la Halle, by way of pre-eminence.
While silence reigns in other parts of Paris, and the artisan is still in the arms of sleep, six tnousand peasants arrive at the halle evf^ morning, from ten leagues round, when the whole- sale market opens and continues till nine or ten o'clock. Evci^ thing is conducted with the greatest order. After that hour the retail market for fruit, flowers and vegetables, conunencea. Midnight or four o'clock in the morning is the best hour for seeing the curious spectacle this market affords. The pilien of the rue de la Tonnellerie are occupied by salesmen. The house in this street marked No. 3 is that in which Molii^ waa born ; his father, valetr-de-chambre and upholsterer to Louia XIV, inhabited the shop which is now occupied by a salesman. In the front is a bust of that celebrated author, with the fol- lowing inscription :
Jean BaptiaM Pocqaclia de Moliire cit ni dmi Mtte ouison, en iGm.
The site of this market-place having been once the i
celebrated burial-ground in Paris, the following appropriale inscription was proposed for i^ :
Qvod lora flcbnjbiu tqnaldMBt foiU sepiUcbm
None, prabent Unui cmbos «coe dapcs; Htr pctc qvod r«Dia» tibi det nroilneare rite
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r p«te qvod rapias tibi det prodncare rite Tempoim, tapranvm scd aaaditara diani.
MARCH £ kV BEV&HE, ETC. 3o5
TV* B^ wUbh one* with lortlwowii grarts was ipccad, Now yvci tlw BdaU»oiif1iood iu daily bread : Here Mtk tbe food thj short-IiTcd daji may crartf Re— baring still the itwritaUe grava.
BIABGHE AU BEURRE, AUX OEUFS, ET AU FROMAGE,
Carreau des HalUty between the rue de la TonneUetie and the rue du Marehi-^ux^Poireet,
The countiy people who bring bnttcr, cheese and eggs to Plaris, being without a corcred market-house, a structure was erected in 1822 for their accommodation. It is of a triangular form, and enclosed with walls in which are openings for light and air. The entrances are closed by four iron gates, and the roof is supported bj plain columns in the interior, in the centre is a cupola, beneath which is the bureau de vente. The interior of the cupola is ornamented with plaster busts of Heniy IV, Louis XVIll, and Charles X. This maifcet opens daily at noon. The sales are as follow : — Mondays, pound- batter of the environs, and eggs. Tuesdays, cheese. Wed- nesdays, butter of Issigny. Thursdays, and Saturdays, butter of Gonmay. Other days,* butter or the environs, and eggs.
MARGHi AU POISSON,
Carreau des HaUes, between the rue de la TonnelUrie and the rue du Marche-^ux-Poireet,
Plrevious to the construction of this market, which was erected in 1823, the venders of fish presented a disgusting ap- pearance. They sat in the open area beneath immense red umbrellas, which in summer screened them from the sun and in winter sheltered them from the cold. The market-house is in the form of a parallelogram, and is open, to allow a free circulation of air. The roof is supported by twenty-eight columns, about eleven feet in height, it contains two hundred and twenty-seven stalls ; and the pavement, in flag-stones, is slanting, to aDow the water to drain off easily. At each extre- mitj is a sauill fountain consisting of a arcular basin, into which the water flows through four bronze heads fixed in a stone post. Fish is sold here wholesale, by auction, from four o'clock till eight every morning, to the retail fishmongers, who afterwards offer it to sale upon the same spot.
MARGHE A LA VIANDE ( Miat-Makkit),
Rue de$ Prowaires.
A vast project was formed by Napoleon for uniting all the principal haUes of Paris in a square of one hundred acres, extending from the rue St.-Denis and taking in the Cour-Ba- taue and the halle au Ble, The marchc a la P^iande, which formed part of this plan, was commenced in 1813, but the
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3o6 MARKETS :
events of 1814 snspaided the works. They were afterwutls continued upon a different plan, and the market was opened in 1818. It is surrounded by poets, from six of which water b supplied. Connected with this market is a building which serves for a guard-house and an oflice for the inspector; and contisnous to it is a spaciooa court soironnded with stablca and cart-sheds for the accommodation lof coontiy-biitchers, etc. Pork at well as other meat is sold here. The days of sale are Wednesdays and Saturdays. On other days the market it open for the sale of puttcnances and poultry.
HARGHE DES AUGUSTINS, oa A LA VOLABXE
( PoOLTRT-MAaKBT),
Quai dcs Augiutint, This market, one of the handsomest in Palis, also called La f^allee, was erected in 1810, after the designs of Happe, upon the site of the church of the convent of the Grands- Augtutins. It is built of hewn stone, covered with slates, and presents, between four waUs pierced with arcades, three pa- rallel ealleries, of which the middle one is broader and hijgner than tne others. The entire length is one hundred and ninety feet, and the breadth one hundred and forty-one. The ar- cades are closed with iron rails, and the galleries are very airy, clean and commodious. Poultry arrives here on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, but nevertheless it is open daily : game is also sold in this market. The fountain which formerly stood in the Cour-Bataue has been transferred here.
MARCHE ST.-MARTIff.
A market, dependant upon the abbey of St.-llartin, con- structed in 1765, upon a apot near that tniere the present one stands, being found much too small for the popfulation of the quarter, the first stone of a new market was laid on the 15lJk of August, 1813, in the enclosure of the ancient priory, and the works were finished in 1817, after the designs of PMit- Radel. An iron railingseparates it from the ConswvaUurede» ArU et Mitien. This market presenU a paraUetognm three hundred feet in length by 180 in breadth, and ia com- posed of two vast porticoes, each of which has nine < partments in its length and three in its breadth. Each partment has three arcades, one of which serves as an entrance, and is closed by iron gates. The roof is supported by sixteen pillars. The middle compartment, more elevated than those on the sides and at the extremities, favours the introduction of light and the circulation of air. This market contains three hundred and ninety>two stalls. Two anaall buildings of analogous decoration have been constructed on th« side of the rue de la Croix ; one serves as a guard-honae.
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MARCUS ST. -GERMAIN. 807
and in the otl^r are the burtanx of the intpecton. In the centre of the market is a fountain, after the designs of Goit, junior. It presents a shell from which the water falls in a sheet into a baitn. The shell is supported by three allegorical figures in bronaey repfesenting the Genii of nnntin^ fishine and agricnl- tnre, the produce of which supplies the market; they are grouped round rushes and other marshy plants. Two smaller fountains haye been constructed near the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers. ^ Near the marchi St.-llartin is a public pn^ menade planted with trees.
BIARGHE ST.-G£RMAIN» Kue de Bussy. This maiiet occupies part of the spot originally derotcd to the ancient Foire if t. 'Germain, The fair was suppressed in 1789, but the booths were not entirely demolishea till 1811, when the market, which is one of the msest, the most spacious and the most commodious in PAris, was commenced, under the direction of filondeL Its architecture is plain and substantial, and its plan ia such as to afford erery possible advantage of li|^t and air. The plan of the marcne St.-Germain is a pa- nOlek^gimm 276 feet m length by 22S in breadth. Each of the four fronts baa five entrances, closed by iron gates. In the galleiies, are nearly four hundred stalls, airanged in four rows, with a finee and commodious circulation on every side. To the south of the principal stmcture, a building appropriated to butchers is in the same style ; this part is raised a few steps, and there are cellars underneath, the divisions of which, twenty- one in number, correspond with those above. The entrance to this buildiiig is by three iron gates. At the bottom of the ves- tibule, which dmdes it into two equal parts, is a niche with a statue of Plenty, by HUhomme. This colossal fieure is raised on a socle adorned with a lion's head, from which water foils into a basin. A guard-house, bureaux for the inspectors, and other dependencies have been constructed. In the centre is a neat fountain v^ch formerly stood in the place St.-Sulpice. It conaists of a square mass in the form of an antique tomb, each firont of which is surmounted by a pediment. It is orna- mented viith four beautiful bas-reliefr in marble, by Espercieux, Peace, the Arts and Sciences, Agriculture and
Commerce. On two sides are marble shells fi^nrine the upner part of a vase, from whence the water falls mto large shells, where it is divided into six small streams, and descends into square baaina. This fountain was originally called Fontaine de laPaix, from having been begun at the time of the conclu- sion of the peace of Amiens. The regularity and beauty of this market presents a pleasing ap|>earance, particularly since a row of new houses have been built along tne rue Neuve-dc- Seine, but nothing can be more disgusting than the ,court, at
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3o8 MARKETS :
it is coDstantW obstructed hj dealers in old clotlies and rags. A considerable sale of pigeoDS and birds takes place bere eveiy Sunday morning.
MARGHE DES BLANCS MANTEAUX, Opposite la me des Blancs-Manteaur. This small market, situated upon the site of tke conreot des FiUes Hospitalteres de St.-Gervais, was began in 1811, and opened in 1810. It occupies a space of about cigbty square feet, and consists of a structure which presents six arcades in front. A separate building for butchers is open on 'Wednesdays and Saturdays. On each side of the entrance is the head of an ox, in bronze, from which water flows into a basin.
MARGHE DES CARMES, Rue des Ifojrers. This market, established in 1818 upon the site of the con- Tcnt des Garmes, replaces the inconvenient one in the Pkce Maubert, to which it is adjacent. Its plan resembles that of the marchc St .-Germain, but it is less spacious and commo- dious. The meat-market is held in a detached building. The beauty of this market is much augmented by a fountam, con- sisting of a square column ten feet in height, surmounted by two heads, one representing Plenty^ and the other Gommerce. The column is ornamented with the aims of the Gity of Paris, and emblems of Gommerce, and upon the summit is a basket of flowers and fruit.
MARGHE ST.-JOSEPH, JYo, 144, rue Montmartre^ This market, begun in 1813 and completed in the following year, stands on the site of a chapel dedicated to St.-Joaeplu Tliis market is open daily.
MARGHE ST.-HONORE, Rue du Marchd Su-HonorS. This market was begun in 1809, upon the site of the content des JacobinSt so celebrated during tne ReTolution. The bidd- ings consist of four spacious galleries, for provisions of all sorts. In the central alley from east to west two circular buildings have been erected. That to the right on entering from the me St.- Honore, forms a guard-house and receiver's office. That oh the left is a Cabinet d^Aisance. In front of each is a portico adorned with bas-reliefs, from which a fountain flows. The market is held daily.
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M
MAKCHf BEAUVEAU — HALLE AU BL1&, ETC. Sog
MARCHE BEAUVEAU,
Faubourg St,-j4ntoine. his market, which consists of two spacious covered gal- >s, was built in 1779, after the designs of Lenoir le Romain. the centre is a fountain, near which is a poplar, the only re de la libertd planted at the Revolution Uiathas not been ed up. It is open daily.
MARCHE ST.-JEAN, <* |
Hue de la F'errerie. [lis spot is no longer used as a market. An old fountain a gaard-honse still exist upon it.
(esides the general provision markets already de» ibed, there are several others not entitled to parti- ar notice ; namely, the march^ d'Aguesseau, passage [a Madeleine; the marc^^ de Boulainvillier, near No. rue du Bac; the march^ Ste. -Catherine, rue d'Or- sson, au Marais ; the march^ des Enfans-Rouges, near . 59, me de Bretagne ; the raarche de la Fraternity, ; St.-Lottis en TDe ; the raarche Neuf, near the pont -Michel ; the march^ de Ste. -Genevieve, rue Soufflot -. \ march^ des Patriarches, No. i35, rue Moofietard; i Diarchy de la rue de Sevres ; and the march^ de la or du Commerce, faubourg du Roule.
HALLE AU BLE (Corr-Mmikit).
'he site of the Ualle au BiS was formerly occupied by Hotel de Soissons, built by J. BuUant, for Catherine de dicis, in 1&72. The hotel was demolished in 1748, and the and being purchased by the cihf of Paris in 1755, a resolu- I was foraied to erect this edifice. It was begun in 1763, r the designs of Le Camus de Mesi^res, and was finished hree years. Formed of a vast circular portico surrounding mrt one hundred and twenty feet in diameter, it is the only ding of the kind in Paris, and may serve to give an idea of amphitheatres of the ancients, which, although differing ►rm, presented the same general appearance. It is perfectly ched, and its simple decoration well answers the object to :h it is appropriated. It is pierced by twenty-five arcades, »f which serve as passages. No wood was employed in the ding, and the whole is vaulted. On the ground-floor round Ipacious court are groined vaults, which rest on columns of ruscan order. Above are granaries, vaulted with stone and i, the communication with which is by two very singular
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3ro MAEKtirs :
staircases ; that towards the rue du Four has four tnmiDgt 9.t high as the first landing place, and from thence to the top oi the building, has only two flights, which cross each other m a parallel direction ; the other, situated towards the rue de Gre- nelUi has only two turnings.
The immense court was left open at the time of its constrac- tion, but the surrounding gallery being found insnfficicnt for the quantity of com brought to market, in 17S2 it was deter- mined to roof it. Two projects were presented to M. Lcooir, lieutenant de police. In one, Belanger, an architect, and Deii<» mier, a locksmith, proposed to crown the kalle with a cupoU entirely of iron and copper ; in the other, Legrand and Holi- nos, architects, andRoubo, a skilful joiner, oAocd to oonatnci a similar cupola, of light wood-work, and according to the in- genious system which PhiUbert Deloime had proposed for co- verine a spacious circular doiatcr in the abbey of M ontmartre. The latter was preferred, probably from economy, and was immediately executed. This cupola produced tne greatest effect, and appeared prodi^ously light. Unfortunately, by the negligence or a plumber, it was consumed in a few boon, ia 1802. To prevent tbe recurrence of a similar accident, itwai rebuilt with ribs of iron covered with copper. This woikwus commenced in Jidy 1811, by Belanger, and completed in July of the following year. The Halle au BU is the first building in Paris that was covered solely with iron and copper. This cupola is a very curious work, and the reader will not pemse without interest some details relative to its constmction. It is composed of fifty-one curves, rising in a veitical direction from tne cornice to the great circular window, which are sup- ported in the whoje circumference by fifteen other curves, the plan of which is directed towards the centre of the vanltt The result of this system is an assemblage of 785 caiaaans, diminishing progressively, and producing a pleasing effect. All the pieces, in number 1,071, are connected together with pegs and screws of hammered iron. The coveting, of sheet copper tinned, rests on this iron frame : — the nuiid>er of sheets em- ployed was 3,540, and their weight 29,086 Ulogrammd; that . of the iron was 219,590 kilogrammes. The new cupola, Uke the old one, is 126 feet in diameter, bein^ only 13 teet less than that of the Pantheon at Rome. Light is admitted by a lantern, 31 feet in diameter, placed at the summit. The whole ezpcaiae of the cupola amounted to 838,000 ft. In the interior are white marole medallions of Louis XV and Louis XVI, by Red- land. In the centre of the halle is a fine echo. The ttall^ au Bte is open daily for the sale of com, flour, pulse and seeds, but the principal market-days are Wednesdays and Sb- turdays.
Attached to the outer wall is a column erected in 1572, bv Catherine de M^dicis, in the court of the Hdtel de Soissons, and
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• HALLE AUX VIWS. 3l I
It ike sole relic of that ancient building. It is of the Doric Older, and hat an elevation of 95 feet. It was built for astrolo- gical obsenrationt, and contains a winding staircase ornamented with baa-reliefi r^resentin^ trophies, crowns, the letters G and H interiaced , broken nurrors, etc., eihblems of the widow- hood of that princess. A very ingenious sun-dial, which marks the vrecise hour at erery moment of the day at all sea- sow, has been placed on its shaft, and from the pedestal a fonntain now sends forth its waters.
HALLE AUX VINS (WiiCE-BfAaKBT), Quai St,-Bemard, The Halle aux P^int, established in 1656, beyond the Potte St.-Beniard, had long been found insufficient for the commerce of the capital, when Napoleon ordered the construc- tion of one much more extensive, upon the site of the cele- brated abbey of St.-Victor. The first stone was laid on the iSth of August, 1813. The woriu, begun under the direction of Gaucher, were carried on at first with great activity, re- lazed during 1815 and the two following years, but thev have since been nnished. The ground on which the Halle aux Vvu is constructed has a superficies of about 260,000 metres. It is inclosed with walls on tnree sides, and towaitU the quay is fenced by an iron railing nearly 800 metres in length. This magnificent market, the finest in Europe, is divided into streets called after different kinds of wine, u roUows x^Rue de Chant" pagnet rue de Bourgogne, rue de Bordeaux , rue du Lan- guedoc, and rue <fe 7a CSte^Or. The last street is the finest, extending the whole breadth of the market, and separat- ing the piles of building in front from those which are behind. Several of the buildings have magnificent terraces. On the aide next the miay are six offices for those who superintend the entrance and departure of the wines, and a great number of wine-metchants' counting-houses. The piles of buildings are seven in number, four in front and tnree in the back ground. Of those in fiont, two in the centre serve for a market, and are each divided into seven compartments ; the two others contain . together 49 cellars, vaulted with hewn stone. The whole will contain together about 400,000 casks. But this cakulatioD having been made on the supposition that there would be only one row of casks above the ^ound-floor, the resalt is that this vast magazine might contam, if necessary, double that quanti^. In the back ground is a noble pile ap- propriated to brandies. In its construction there is neither wood nor iron ; but as stone for the roof would have been found too heavy, a new kind of hollow brick about six inches long was invented. On the right and left are two other buildbgs. In the haUe there is also a bureau de ddpotage containing measures of all the casks of the different parts of France; and
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if a parchaaer imagines that a cask which he has Ixm^t is not rail measure, he can require it to be measured. ^ The ex- pense of the UalU aitx f^ins is calculated at ten millions of rrancs. Every cask that enters, pays a duty of 1 franc. The number that enter in one day is frequently 1,S00.
This market is open in summer from sii in the morning tiU six in the evening, and in -winter from seven tiU five. Stran- gers are admitted at anj hour of the day, but it is forbidden to enter on horseback or in carriages.
MARGHE AUX GHEVAUX (Horsv-Maekbt), Bouleuard de PHSpital. This market was transferred here iml642 from the boulevard des Capucines, to which it had been removed from the court of the Palais des TourneUes, by Henry IV in 1604. At one of the extremities a building was erected in 1760, to serve for the dwelling and office of the inspector of the market. la 1818 the ground was levelled, and trees planted so as to fonn ave- nues for exercising the horses. Between these avenues, two fountains, eight feet in height, have been constructed. They are without ornament, except lions* heads in bronze, on two sides, through which the water flows into basins in the form of ancient baths. The fountains are surmounted by lamps. Between the avenues are stalls for separating the horses ; ajid on one side is what is called an essai, formed of an artificial hill in a semicircular form, rising like an amphitheatre, above the level of the avenues, for the purpose of trying the strength and skill of draught-horses previous to purchase. The animal is put to the proof by the wheel or wheels of a cart being clogged, and men pulung it behind to render it difficult to be dragged. The market is held on Wednesdays and Saturdays, from noon till four o'clock in winter, and from noon till six in summer. On the first Monday of every month a market is held for racers and other horses of supenor breeds. It is ne- cessary to be very careful in the purchase of horses, as the dealers only warrant them for nine days. It is for the buyer to discover any vices in the animal. The police attend very strictly to prevent gross deception. Besides horses, asses, mules and goats are sold at this market.
HALLE AUX VEAUX fCALF-MAaxxt). This market is situated between the rue de Poissjr and the rue Pontoiset near the quai de la Tournetlet and is a large unadorned building well adapted for its destination. At the four comers of the area, which forms a parallelogram, arc pavilions for the inspectors of the market. It was built by Lenoir le Romain, in 1774. Its sale-days are Tuesdays and Fridays; besides calves, tallow is sold on Tuesdays, and fat
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MARCB^ DU YIBUX LINGE, ETC. 3l3
• on FridaYs. The market for oxen is held e^ery Honday ceaux, ana e^ery Thursday at ^oissy.* A market for milch- n is held crery Tuesday at La Ckapelle, on the road to Denis, and on Saturdays near the barrier of Fontaine^ in.
LRCHE DU VIEUX UNGE'Maiebt for Old Glotuks),
Rue du Temple, his spacious market was beg:un in 1809, after the designs of inos, upon part of the site of the ancient Temple. It con- of four pueries containing one thousand eight hundred eighty-eight shops or stalls. Here are offered for sale old hes, Imen, mattresses, shoes, iron, tools, and every sort of i:le similar to the produce of Rosemanr-lane and Honmonth- et in Lrfmdon. Purchasers here will find it difficult to avoid
lenina the market just described, on part of the ancient enclo- ; of the Temple, stands a detached building two hundred and Dty-two feet in length, terminated at the extremities by two ular parts; in the centre is a court one hundred and ninety It feet in length by thirty-six in breadth. The building is ided into three parts ; one forms a gallery of forty-four ar- es, supported by Tuscan columns; the others consist of nty-eight shops, above which rise an entresol ^ two stories 1 an attic ; the whole is distributed into small apartments. is edifice, which bears a character of simplicity not devoid elegance, was built.on speculation, when the Temple was an lam for debtors. It was begun in 1788, after the designs Perard de Montreuil; but the Revolution, when privileged ces were abolished, rendered the speculation abortive.
MARGHE ST.-JACQUES-DE^LA-BOUGHERIE, Rue des Arcis. Jpon the site of this market stood the church of St.-Jacques- la-Boucherie, which is first mentioned in a bull of Galixtus II, ed 1 119, as a chapel dedicated to Stc.-Anne. In the reign of lip Augustus it became parochial, and continued to exist 1801, when, being in a state of complete decay, it was ni down, and a mart for old clothes and linen established on site. The building, which was entirely of wood, was de- >yed by fire in the night of April 29th, 1824. It was rebuilt masonry, and the shops have lodging-rooms above them, lind this market, in a small area near the rue des Ecrivains, market for butter, cheese, eggs and vegetables is held on dnesdays and Saturdays.
["he tower of the old church, which still remains, is a mo- ment of the true and most fantastic style of Gothic architec-
" See Enthoxs or Paku.
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tare, and its height exceeds that of the towen oC Motre-Dame. It WAS built by order of Fruicif I, and is id a perfect atale of preservation. This tower is used as a shot wannfkctoi^ bj M. Moulin, who, for a small fee, allows irisitors to anccnd ill smninit, from whence an extensive iriew is obtained. M. Mo«- lin reqnires that application should be made immediately to himself, and no person is allowed to inspect the maniillactoiy.
HALLE AUX DRAPS (GLori-MAauT), Rue de la Poterie* This building was constractcd in 1786, after the designs of Leenm<l u>d Molinos, upon the site of a halle aux dnpt which haa existed upon the spot for centuries. A staircase with a double ilieht of steps leads to the interior, where thcic aicwut rooms lignted by fifty window!. It is divided into two puts, of which one is devoted to the sale of linen, and tbe other of woollen cloth. Its total length is four hundred feet. Tbe goods are kept in presses. It is covered with a
roof, according to the ingenious plan of PhiUbeiC Defavme, formed of plants a foot broad, an inch thick, and four feet long, covered with slates. It is open every day for the uSut of wooUen cloth ; and for linen five eoAsecutive days, from the first Monday of every month.
HALLE AUX GUIRS (LsiTHxa-MAaatT). This market was built in 1784, on the site of tbe ancient Hotel de Bourgogne, No. 32, me du Mauconseiif m which the Confreres de la Passion gave dramatic repicscntntioBS at a very remote period. It is open every day.
MARGHE AUX FLEURS ET AUX ARBUSTES
(Flowik 4ifB SnauB-MAaKBT),
Quai Desaix.
This market was established in 1807. It is planted with
four rows of trees, and embellished with two fcrantaiiis. On
Wednesdays and Saturdays the rose, the pink, the narcissus, the
jessamine, and in short every flower remarkable for its odo«r or
beauty, is here displayed in the greatest profusion, and prasenils
an assortment innnitely superior to that of Govent Gaiden is
May and June. During several months of the year, shrubs and
trees are exposed for sale here, and on the quai de la GiC^. on
Wednesdays and Saturdays.
MARGHE AUX FRUITS (FaciT-MAaKBT), Quai de la ToumeUe, This market is held daily on the port aux Tuiles (Ule>wfaarf), also caUed te Mail. Fruit may be bought here at a wf} cheap rate.
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MAKCHjfc AirX FOURRAGES, ETC 3l5
MAKCHES AUX FOURRAGES (Foeagi-Markbts). lese maikcU are held daily at the extremity of the favbourfj ttaxtiA, the extremity of the faubourg St.-Antoine, and iht levard d'Enfer. All the forage destined for the supply of s must be brought to one or other of these markets. The cc keep a ttrict eye on the weight of the commodities.
MARCHE AU PAIN, Hue de la Tonnelleri^, le mttket for bread is held on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
HAKGHE DES HERBORISTES (MAnsmr iqr Hidicai. Hirbs), Hue de fa PoteHe, his market ia held on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
LRGHE AUX POBIMES DE TERRE ET AUX OGNON&
(Potato! ahd Orion Markxt). Rue de la Petite Friperie, near the Halle aux Draps.
DEPOT DES LAINES ET LAVOIR PUBLIC, iVo. 35, quai de PH6pital. rhii establishment was created in 18 13. Ita object is to per- t the dressing of wool, and to promote commerce in that staple icle. The market is held daily.
FOIRE AUX JABfBONS (Bam-Faie). "his fair is held yearly on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursda^f , loly Week, on the quai des Augustins,
GRENIER VfR RESERVE OU IVABONDANGE, (Grarart or Plbwty). Ids immense storehouse, of which a fine view is obtained from pout dn lardin des Plantes, borders and decorates the bTlulc- I Bonrdon. It is 107 7 feet in length, and was begun mM. 807 ^ r the deaigns of de Lannoy , in order to form a pubKc deposit com and flour. The first stone was laid by H. Cretet, Mimster be Interior, on the 26th of December. According to the ori- J plan it was to have been five stories high, without including ittics in the roof, and the cellars, and to have been capable oT aining 100,000 quintals of com. Political events occasioned apcnsion of the works, and, up to 1814, only the cellars and walls of the ground-floor were finished. Economy was so erionsly commanded by the circumstances of 1814, that the indation of the original project became absolutely neces-
he building was recommenced in 1816, on a more economical
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nian, it having been decided that it should only be ele^tei first floor beneath the roof, and that its timber-work am should be like those of the markets of Paris.
The linisliinc^ of these works was entrusted to Bmjerc orders to complete them as soon as possible. This was d< crowning it with a simple roof.
Four aqueducts beneath the cellars were also constmcti project being to establish in this vast building flour^nills, ai chinery to raise the sacks to the different stories.
The present edifice will contain 30,000 quintals of coa expense is estimated at 6,000,000 fr., and it is capaJilf^ taining com equal to the consumption of Paris for two c»' Its site was once the garden of the arsenal. The bakci> i^\ are obliged to keep constantly in this storehouse 25,CNM w flour, besides 78,000 at their own baking-offices, or at liic deSte.-Elisabeth.
GRENIER A SEL (grinart roa salt), JVo, 39, houleuard St, Antoine.
This building was constructed upon the site of the ganfc the H6tel Beatwiarchais.
ABATTOIRS (Slauchtbr-housks). Previous to the foimation of these establishmeai the slaughter of cattle, butchers were accustotni drive the oxen which they purchased at the markc Sceaux and Poissy through the streets of Paris, l< great danger of the inhabitants. Besides, these mals contributed in a great decree to render the st of the capital more dirty, while the private slau^ houses impregnated the atmosphere with a noxiu^ fluvia. A remedy for these nuisances had long desired, when, in i8oQ, Napoleon decreed thu stiniotion of &ve public aoaUoirs at the exti^emities < city, and the suppression of the slaughter-houses i central parts of Paris. Of these establishments, are to the north of the city ; viz. the Abattoirs du R de Montmartre, and de Popincouri; arid two to south, viz. those of Ivrjr and of Vaugirard, Thi abattoirs being finished in i8i8, at an expens 1 6,5 1 8,ooo fr., a police ordonnance was issued t! fixed the 1 5th of September for their opening, and hibited from tliat day cattle being di^ven to private bles or slaughter-houses.
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ABATTOIR DE POPINCOURT. 817
louses for mclthig the tallow and drying the skins ; attached to each of these establishments. A duty is d upon the animals slaughtei^, in the following pro^ i-X'iOQ, viz. an ox, 6fr. ; a cow, 4^- ; ^ calf* ^ tr. ; and heep, 10 sous. The product of this duty, including; ; duties on the purtenances and tallow, and the salf manure, was 838,489 fr. in 18^8. Strangers may t these establishments by applying for a guide at the ter'3 lodge, to whom a small tee is given. Without lide they cannot enter.
^s the tUfaUoirs are all projected on the same general n, and difier but little except in extent, we shall iy give minute details of one of them.
ABATTOIR DE POPINCOURT.
'his slaughter-house is situated on a sloping piece of ^ound , nreen the rues de Popincourt, St.-Manr, St.-Ambroise, aotl Amandicrs, which contributes to the salubrity of the esta- hmvnt and the general efCect of the buildings. It w»5 ;unin 1810, under the direction of Messrs. HappeandVau- . The whole space comprised between the four streets whicU round it is a trapezoid, in which is inscribed a parallelogratu 545 feet by 570; the architect having wisely neglected sontc tpularities which ^uy easily be concealed by plantations, or tul buildings. A railing of 100 feet, connecied with two pn- 9ns, in which arc the bureaux of the administration, forms principal entrance of this edifice. In front of it is a boulevanl ;re two rows of trees have been planted, which add greatly lu beauty of the bmldm^. It opens to a court, from Cne centn- which may be seen the whole of the piles of building, %^ lumber, which compose the abattoir.
'o the right and left of the court, which is 438 feet in lengl h 191 in breadth, are four buildines, separated by a road whirK erses the ground in its whole breadth. Tli^se are thi- ighter-houses : they are each 141 feet long by 9G broad; a ged court separates th^m into two piles, each of which con- is eight slaughter-houses for the use of the butchers, wlui p the keys of those respectively belonging to them. Eacli ghter-house receives air and light from arcades in the front Is. Above are spacious attics for drying the skins and depn- ig the tallow ; and that they may be always coel, a considt^- ie projection has been given to the roofs. Behind thesf ighter-houscs are two sheeu-folds, and at their extremities < stables : each of these buildings contains its loft for forag^'^ 1 completes on (he sides of the court thr principal masses f>f Iding which form the estabhshment. At the bottom ef ihtr
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3l8 ABATTOtR5.
court, in which there ia a commodiiwi wateriag-pUce, and folds for the cattle, are two detached biiildinj^, destincMi fcH- melting the tallow. They are traversed in their length by a broad conidor, which gives access to four separate meltrng- houses, below which are cellars, contalnine the coolers. Beyond these, on a tine parallel to the onter wall, are two bniltliD^ raised on cellars, in which the skins are kept ; the npper part is destined for the skins of calves and sheep. In the remotest part of the ground, in front of the entrance, is a double reservoiiv in masonry, resting on vaults, under which are stands for caniages ; the water is raised into it by a steam-engine placed between the two basins, which, together, are 228 feet in length.
ABATTOIR DE MONTMARTRE.
This structure is situated between the roes Rochechooait, de la Tour d'Anvergne, and des Martyrs, and the wall of Paris. The architect was M. Poidevin, under whose direction it was begun in 1 81 1 . It occupies a spot 389 yards in length by MO in breadth.
ABATTOIR DU ROULE.
The situation of this building is in the plaine de Houceau, at the extremity of the rue Miromesnil. It was begun in 1810, after the designs and under the direction of M. Petit Radel. It occii- pies a space of 222 yards in length, by 181 in breadth.
ABATTOIR DE VILLEJUIF. This establishment, situated on the boilevard de rHopital, was be^ in 1 8 10, after the designs of M. Leloir. Although leas extensive than the foregoing, it covers a considerable space.
ABATTOIR DE CRENELLE, tike the other edifices, this abattoir consisU of sevend courts and piles of building. It is situated near the place de BNteiiil» and was begim in 18U, after the designs of M. Giaors.
These magnificent establishments deserve the travellei's notice. The English tourist will return with a wish to reform th<%e nuisances, and abodes of cruelty, filth, and pestilence, which disgust him in the capital of his own country.
We annex the following as a sort of general summary. The number of butchers m Paris is 4oo, wbo each BnA security for 3,ooo fr. They occupy 4oo stalls and i la slaughter-houses . The i8 melting-houses in the five abat- toirs have been placed at the disposal of persons called/iwt> deurs (meltew), who must not be chandlers. There are
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ghtatPopincourt,eightatMontinartre,fouiattheRoule, ur at Grenelle, and four at Villejuif . The abaUoirs of opmconi-t and Montmartre have each 64 slaughter- ouses, that of Grenelle 48, and the two others 3a each, lountry batchers are allowed to bring meat to the mar- ets of Paris upon paying a duty of la cents per pound*
CHAPTER Xm. BRIDGES AND QUAYS.
BRIDGES. The brid|^ at Paris, owing to the elevation of the quays hove the river, have very little ascent, and are therefore xtremely convenient ; they are, however, in general, far nferior to the bridges of Rome or Florence, and in mag- litode and grandeur they sink into insignificance when compared with the stupendous masses of Waterloo, Blackfriars, London, or Wettminster. Their number over the ^ine, between the barriers of Paris, is 19. Of these, one is formed of wood, one of iron and wood, two of stone and iron, thirteen of stone, and two are suspension bridges. Several of them had formerly houses on them, but they have successively been re- moved, and the centre of the capital is now thrown open to a free circulation of air, whilst the splendid view of the numerous tine buildings which skirt the banks of the river for more than a league is now unintemipted. In describing the bridges we shall take them in the order in which they stand, following the course of the river.
PONT DU JARDIN DES PLANTES,
Communieaiing from the Jardin des Plantes to the Bow- levard Bourdon. The works of this bridge were begun in IBOl, after the (lesigns of M. Becquey Beaupre, and under the direction of M. Lamande. On January 1, 1806, it was opened for foot passen- gers, and, on March 5, of the year following, for carriages, n
* For consumption of cattle at Paris see page 15.
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received the name of AusterliU, in memoiy of the victory eaiacd by the French, December 2, 1805, over the Riissians and Aas- trians. Upon the second entrance of the allied armiea, tlie name was changed to pontdu Roiy aud since to pont du Jardin des Plantes. Its length between the abutments is 400 feet, and iu breadth 37 ; the jpiles and abutments are of stone founded upon piles, and its hve arches are of cast iron. £xcept maska or iron at the extremities of the joists, it presents no ornament. Its construction cost 3,000,000 fr. to a company, who were to receive, for 30 years, a toll of one sous for foot-passengers, three sous for a cabriolet, and five for a coach. This is the second bridge built of iron in Paris. Its construction is curious ; and such is its solidity that the heaviest vehicles pass over it, although a sensible jarring may be felt- at the moment. The view from this bridge is truly magnificent.
PONT DE GRAMMONT. This, the only wooden bridge in Paris, was rebuilt in 1824, and forms a communication between the (piai des Gelestins and Che lie Lonviers. It consists of five arches, and is 1 40 feet in length .
PONT MARIE. This bridge communicates from the ^uti des Ormes to the lie St.-Louis. It was built by Marie, supenntendentr-general of the bridces in France, in virtue of a contract made with him in 1614, for the erection of houses upon the ile St.-Louis. Two arches of it were carried away by a flood in 1658, with 23 out of 50 houses which stood on it. The remainder were removed a short time before the Revolution. The pont Marie is 78 feet in breadth, and its length between the abutments is 300 feet.
PONT DE LA TOURNELLE, Between the quai St.- Bernard and the tie Su-Lowum. This bridge was also built by Marie, in 1620. It derived ita name from an old tower near it, erected by Philip Augustus. It was twice carried away ; and rebuilt, about the year 1659» at the expense of the city. It is bordered with causeways, conslsta of si X semicircular arches, and is 380 feet in length, by 42 in breadth.
PONT DE LA CITE. The project to erect a bridge between the ile de la Cite and the ile St.-Louis was formed in 1614, and executed a few years after- wards. This bridge was rebuilt in 1717, for foot-passengers only, who paid a toll. In the reign of Napoleon, it was deter- mined to rebuild this bridge. The works were completed in 1 804, under the direction of M. Ganthey . It was built bv a com- pany, and consisted of two wooden arches, supported by abut- ments and a pier of masonry. The wood-work was covered with tin painted stone colour;* but, beiog extremely light, it was
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PONT DE L*kKCHE\kCHtf ETC. 321
lently shaken by the passage of carriages and troops at the e of Napoleon's coronation, and in 1819 it was found neces- f to renew the arehes. Thej are now formed of solid oak, vaA with iron braces. Its breadth is 34 feet, and its total i;th 206. It is confined to foot-passengers, who pay a toll of e toos each.
PONT DE L'ARCHEVteHE. rhis well-built stone bridge, extending from the quay de I'Ar- ;veche to the port aux Tuiles, was opened on the 4th of No- ober, 1828. It consists of three arches, varying from I&l iq ; yards in breadih, and was built by a company in less than six nths. Carriages and foot-passengers pay a toll to pass over s bridge.
PONT AU DOUBLE. This bridge of two arches was constructed in 1634, by the ministrators of the H6tel-Dieu ; and part of its breadth is occu- 'd by the buildings of that hospital. It is for foot passengers It,, and communicates from the rue de la Bucherie to the rue lEveque. A double was paid as a toll till the year 1 789, when it coin was withdrawn from circulation. At present no toll is id. This bridge is closed every night at 1 1 o'clock.
PONT DE LA GRtVE.
This is a handsome suspension-bridge for foot-passengers only, lo pav a toll for passing. It was erected after the designs and der tne direction of M. Duvergier, and was opened on tJie 21st December, 1828. Its length is 106 yards and its breadth five, extends from the place de Grive to the rue du Chevet-St.- adry, in the Cit^. In the centre is a neat arch, above which i chains that support the platform pass. This bridge was istmcted by the same company as the pont de I'Archev^ch^, 1 forms witn the latter a useful communication between tlie rthem and soothem banks of the Seine.
PONT ST.-GHARLES. Phis bridge is private, and serves only as a communication :ween the buildings of the Hotel-Dicu. It was constructed in )6, and took its name from a ward called talleSL' Charles. order to form a promenade for the patients in winter, or when ains, this bridge has been covered in and glazed.
PONT NOTRE-DAME. rhis bridge, which is tlie oldest in Paris, leads from the rue la Lanteme to the rue Planche-Mibrai. A bridge, of which Aries VI laid the first stone on the 31 st of May, 1412, having len down in 1499, the present one was begun in the following IT, after the designs of Jean Joconde, and terminated in 1507.
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It cDDiiftR or five BemicinidHr archei, which are adnnred f
iheb bolJni^HS, :knd is 362 feet in kiigth by 50 in breadth. KfGO, llif punt Notrc-Dami: va^i riiiily omameiitedwith sUto and medallions of ibc kiitt^a of France, but these have been d iLroyod. l'|ityn ihb liridfjE houses were constructed, whi< ^err drmolislied in U^Uj when the hridge was repaired, t] ■AcfQt levelled, and cauicwii^i formed. On the westeni 8» of the bridges ii the pampt du pont I^Totre-Damet consisti] of a firpuTe tower containing a rriicrvoir, into which water miied b^ means of machinery »t in motion by the cunent of tl river*
TETIT-POM. The existence of a bridge at this spot, which was fatBcdy tl only enminunicalion betjween the ile de la Cite and the soue ban! of (he Seine » (^of^a bark to u period before the conquest Lrttece by the Bomans. It was 4:DrTJed away, by inundations ice, tluriecn limeii bf^tweco the ltl(h and ITth centuries, a Tehtult of wood with houses u[»on the sides in 1659. Atlen^ in 1 T 1 8y it was burned down by two boats laden with hay, wmi h^victg ace id en tally talirn Bret and being obstructed in th< course by tlie brid{;e, comtnimicnted the flames to the woe worif from whence tfaev mounted to the houses with irresistil rapidity. )i wa^ then rebitiU m stone, as it now appears, s eniiieways were substituted for the bouses. The PetitHPont C( iists of three irregular archei, and ii 104 feet in length liy 52 breadth*
PONT-AU-CHANGE,
Communicating froTti the piace du Chdulet to the Palais Justice. Upon this apot stood the Grand Pont, which originally fora the only communiention between the ile de la Cite and the noi ern bank of the Seine. L'pon thi» bridge, which was of wo Louis Yll, in 1 1 4J , fijted the reside noe of money-changers, i prohibited them from dwelling elsewhere. From this circi stance it derives lis name. After being several times deatro] and rebailtt it wan burnt down in 11121. The reconstmctioi the bridge wa bc^iin in 1639 and finished in 1647 ; it was h of itone, and had bouses on each ude. In 1788, Louis J
fmrchased the houses upon the hridp^e for the sum of 1,3^,< ivr»f and they were demolished. The pout au Change cons of aei^en arches of a suhstantLiI hut inelegant constraction. length is 369 feel, and its breadth 90.
rONT ST,^MICHEL, Commuaicming fram the tie dt la Citd to the quai Augustins, The precise date qf the first construction of this bridgi
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POMT-WEUF. 3a3
Imown. As early as 1424 il was called pont Su-Biiehei, a ne derived from a small church dedicated to St. Michael, iich stood near it. After being several times rebuilt and paired, it fell down in 1616. It was then rebuilt of stone, with uses on the sides, by a company who received the rents. It IS ornamented with a bold cornice, several niches, and, on ch side, a bas-relief of Louis XIII on horseback. This sculp- re was destroyed at the Revolution, but its traces may still be ;n OB the Ude towards the pont-Neuf. Aroyal edict, issued in ptember 1786, ordained that the houses vpon all the bridges in rifl should be' taken down. With regard to the pont St.-Mi- si, this edict was not carried into execution till 1804, upon I occasion of Napoleon's coronation. The houses were then ■oMsfcfd, the carriajKe'road widened, and its steepness consi- rably diminished. Causeways were raised, and some houses the two extremities removed. This bridge is formed of IT semidrcnlar arches ; its length between the abutments is
0 feet, and iu breadth 83.
PONT-NEUF, \ading from theguai de la Megisserie to theguai Conti. This bridge was beenn bv Jacinies Andronet Ducerceau, under e reioi of Henry III, wno laid the first stone on the 31st of ly, 1678. The works were discontinued on accoont of the »ubles of the ligue^ and not recommenced till after the acces- m of HenrylV, who continued it at his own expense, under llic rection of Marchand. It was finished in the year 1 604. This bridge consists of two unequal parts, which unite at the tremity of the tie de la Cite: the first (to the north) has seven nicircular arches ; the second has five. The entablature pre- Its consoles adorned with masks of Satyrs, Fauns, and Dryads. \ total length is 1 ,020 feet, and iU breadth 78. Upon the piers e semicircular recesses for shops.
After the death of Henry IV, Bfary de Medicis his widow and een-regent of the kingdom, wished to erect a monument in nour of her husband. Her father, Cosmo II, grand duke of scnny, having sent her a bronze horse, she ordered Dupre to It a figure of the king, and it was placed, on the pont-Neuf, posite the place Dauphine, in the small square area which >k the name of place Henri IV. Louis aIII laid the first ne of the pedestal on the 13th of August, 1614, but it was finished tul 1635. The sUtue of Henry lY was the first monu- nt of the kind erected in Paris. In the night of August 24th, )7, at the time of the refusal of the parlement to enregister
stamp duty and land tax, the partisans of the parlement embled on this bridge and obliged the passengers to salute
sUtue of Henrv IV. On the 1 1th of August, 1792, the sUtue
1 thrown down by the party who had forced the passengers to
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salute it in 1787. In the tame year, the famous aUmn-gim ^as placed on the pont-Neuf .
On the 3d of May, 1814, tlie day when Loais Will returned to his capital, a plaster statue of Henry IV was placed upon the pont-Neuf, with this inscription:—
LadoTico redace, Hoarico rediTiro.
A subscription soon after took place throughout Fraoce, for re-erecting the statue of Henrv IV. Lemot was chai^ged with the execution of the model, while Piggiani, a skilful founder, was chosen to cast the statue and horse. On the 3d of October the latter operation was eflected with success. The king, in the presence of the royal family, laid the first stone of the pedestal on the 28th of October, 1817. Medals were placed in the stone, bearing this inscription : —
LBdoricw XVIII laptdem aofpicalem potult. Die XXVIII men. On. mm M.D.GGC.XVII. Acgot XXlll.
On the reverse : —
Henrico Msgno.
On the exergue : —
Pieut Gviam rettitait M.D.CGCXVII.
The toUl height of the statue is 14 feet, and its weight 30,000 pounds. On the 14th of August, 1818, 40 oxen were employed to transport it from the foundry in the faubourg du Roule to die
Sonl-Ncuf ; a distance of above two miles, whicJi occupied three ays. On the 21st, it was fixed on the pedestal. The autne remained covered till the 25th, the f^te of St. Louis, when it was dedicated in the presence of the king and all the royal family. After reviewing tne Parisian national guards, the royal guar^ and the troops in garrison, the king arrived at the pont-Neuf. As soon as he wa« seated on his throne, tlie veil which covered the ima^e of the mat Henry dropped, and the shouts of thou- sands nimgled with the report of cannon. The king took off his hat, and bowed to the statue of his ancestor. M. Barbe Marbois, president of the committee of subscribers^ delivered an address to his nu^esty, who answered in tliese terms: *' I receive with pleasure the present which the French people make me. 1 see in it the offering of the rich, and the mite of the poor and the widow, to raise again a statue which I contemplate with joy. I sec in it a pledge of the happiness of France. At the sight of this image the French will recollect the affection which Heniy IV entertained for them, and will deserve to be loved by his descend- ants." On the monument is this inscription, by the Academy of Belles-Lctlres :~
Hcnrici Magoi
raterno io populum animo ""' niPri
Notiaainii Principu SMsran cfigion.
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POKT-XEUF. 3a5
Qrilet latar toaultus
Gallia radignanU
Dejccum
Poet optatam LodoTici XVIII rediiam
Ex nmnibut ordinibas cives
jEre colUto
Ratitoenuit-
NccaoB ct clogiam
qaod
Com effigie limnl abolilam
Lapidi larans intcribi
CuraTenint.
\ the opposite end U the folloiving inscription, copied frum ledesUl of the fonner statne :—
Enrico IV, GalUamm Imperalori Navar. R.
Ladovku* XllI Filiut eiut
Opiuinehoaivm ct intarmusam
Pro digniUtc picUti* et imj^cni
Pleont et ainplia* absolTit
Ernin. D. C. Richaliua
Coaamano rotam populi promovit
Super illuftr. vin
De BalUon, Bontillier Kram F.
Faciendnm CoraTerant. «
ILD.CXXXV.
as-Tctiefs adorn the sides of the pedestal. In one, Henry IV «n commanding food to be distributed to the inhabitants of is who, dnring the siege of the capiul, had Uken refuge in camp; and in the other, the king, having entered as a coii^ ror into his capital, stops in the parvis de Notre-Dame, and s orders to the preuSt of Paris to bear to the inhabiUnts of city the language of peace.
his monument cost 337 ,860 fr. A magnificent copy of Val- e's Ucnriade was deposited at its base, anoleon intended to have erected a granite obehsk on th< ; now occupied by the statue, the elevation of which it is said id have been upwards of 200 feet. ^, ,. .
lie concourse of passengers on thepont-Neuf is mcessant, and scenes constantly exhibited on it are amusing, it bcinr, vded with persons of every cUss. It is the prmcipal man iops and cats, where a large collection of the canme rati- consUntly be found, the venders of which are busily cm red in clipping and otherwise ornamenting the barking tnbe. Q the pont-Neuf formerly stood the pompede laAaman- le so called from a bronze bas-relief m front which repT*"^ ted Jesus and the woman of Samaria. It was built in mi\ . npply water to the Tuilerics and the Louvre, and was demc eS in 1813.
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4
;i||!
3a6 bridges:
PONT DES ARTS. TKi« elegant bridge, for footF-ptMeneen only, isntuated i^iTii the Louvre and the Institute, end takes its name from former, which at the time when the bridge was conatmcted, callt'i] Palais des j4rts. It rcsu upon Yenr narrow piert, ill composed uf nine arches, each formed of nve secondanr < ^vhirii arc bound together by small cross arches, the wholi f ciii-iron. The floor, formed of wood, is elevated several .ibo^e the level of the street, and extends in a straight line h Dfi€ hank of the river to the other. At regular distances are so liit1»r« of cast-iron, supporting lamps. This bridge, the first bi nf ircin in Paris, was erected at the expense of a company, w Lirt^ to derive a toll of one sous each person, for a certam nual tA > ears. The chord of the arches is 66 feet, the length is & iiJ i^ t h« breadth 30. It was buUt bv MM . De Cessac and DiG :iiiil finished in 1804. It cost 900,000 fr., and for some time a It vi.iik opened, formed a fashionable evening promenade. B< It^^U^'ri up with additional lamps, and furnished with chain wu!!i ihen what the boulevard ae» I ta liens it now : but the ni hTvvre from the river being found injurious to the licalth of UiJiis, caused it to be deserted.
PONT ROTAL. A wooden bridge, erected in 1632, between the me da »iul ilie palace of the Tuileries, having been carried awa; ii:^, in 1684, Louis XIV ordered a new one to be bnilt of sti 111 I niistruction was very difficult, in conaeqnence of the nipi of ihr river, but the obstacles were snrmowited by an lu Dominican friar, named frire Homain, who laid the foui lioiii and erected the arches. The designs v?ere by Gabriel J u Lis tiardouin Mansart. It consists of five semicircular arc nnil ii 432 feet in length by 52 in breadth. This part of the i vtA9 formerly crossea by a ferry-boat {bac)y from which the du Bac derives its name. The bridge commands a iincv] V]iim one of the piers is a scale divided into metres and d inctTf s, to show the height of the river. It was upon this bti tJint a piece of cannon was placed on the lOthof Attgast, 119S lirtr upon the palace of the Tuileries.
PONT LOUIS XVI.»
1 ill the erection of this bridge opposite the place Louis 1
Uir faabouTf; St.-Germain and the faubourg St-Honorc ha4
4 ammanication between them except by the pont Royal, ai
frrrj opposite the Hotel des InvaUdes. In 1786, the sw
* h i« ia contrmp
Sum I ^ ^ ,_ ^^ ^_,
« Pfll*cb«MC, ADd thoA form • direct coutmicaUon bcl^ccn thcfav &| ^(jEinnun aiid the place VeadAmc.
^
•ir^fTP'f*'®" *• "•** • ^^« betwtcB diepoat Royal m I Xyi^wbicb would load from die gardt n of the tuilories to tli coamniiicaUoii
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POWT LOUIS XVI. 327
1,200,000 livres was appropriated to its construction, wfaicli was begun in 1787 and finished in 1790. It consists of Rw elliptical arches, which diminish gradually in breadth. The total length of the bridge between the abutments is 461 feet, and its breacih is 61 . The piers are ornamented with three-quarter columns and surmounted by capitals, above which is a cornice. The parapet is formed by a ballustrade, divided by pedestals, which bear 12 colossal marble statues. Four militair trophies are placed on pedestals on the qu&y^t in a line witb tne statues aC the extrenutiea of the bridge. The architect of this handsome bridge was Peionnet, already celebrated for the construction of the bridge of Neuilly ; and part of the stone employed was ob- tained from the demolition of the Bastille. This bnd^e has an admirable effect both from its beauty and richness, and the per- fection and boldness of its execution. The following is a list of the statues which adorn it, and the artists by whom thev were exe- cttted, beginning on the left, from the place Louis XVI, via. :— 1, Tuasvif 1, in the uniform of the rei^ of Louis XIV, by Gois ; he 'a supported by a mortar, a bomb-shell lies at his feet, and in his righ t hand he holds a truncheon; 2, Bataxd, by Mantoni. This war- rior is represented in the armour of the 16th century, and at his feet are military emblems ; 3, Suoim, by Stouf. The abbe ap-
rears in a monastic habit, a mitre and crosier at hi»feet; he olds the sceptre and crown of France, emblems of his regency during the crusade of Louis VII ; 4, Colbbbt, by Milhonmic. This celebrated statesman wears a mantle, and holds a pencil and a scroll to indicate his protection of the fine arts ; 5, Toua- viLLB, by Harin. This distinguished admiral appears in a bark ; » sword in his ri^t hand, and in his left a truncneon resting upon an anchor ; he wears a medal conferred on him by the republic of Venice ; at his feet are several stand of colours, including one taken from the Turks, and a piece of cannon ; 6, SurpaBn, in the uniform of high-admiral, by Lesueur ; with his left hand he presses bit sword to his heart, and in his right holds a scroll on which is written, La pmix sienee avec tAngleierre en 1782; he in supported by the trunk of a palm-4ree, and has at his feet an ancnor, a piece of cannon, balls, and a compais. On the other side of the bridge, next the Chamber of Deputies, are :— -7 , Con dk . by David ; the nero is represented at the moment when he threvr bis truncheon into the entrenchments of Fribonrg ; 8, Duccss- CI. I IT, in the armour of warriors of the 14tb century, by Bridan \ 9, CianiaAL Richslibv, by Ramey, holding a scroll on which is written, Fondation de C/fcademie Francaiie; 10, Sullt/^ by Espercieux, his left hand restinp; on his sword, and his rigiiL holding a scroll, on which isinscrtt»ed, Des Finances; at lii^ feet are plans of Amiens and the gallery of the Louvre ; 1 1 , Du- QUBSRB, by Rognier. The illustrious admiral is representeil at the moment of commanding the bombardment of Al{;iers ; hi:> right hand rests upon a mortar, and naval emblems lie at his
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3^8 ClilOGES.
iVtft V f 2, Di Gi'j^T Tnoi i?f , hy DiipaM|fiier. The gnUiiit idi o|i[K'ar^ jn llic aet uf [^ismg Llitr ucimmitticl for an alUci upoi
Iti n9!f, this hridpc was called pmit tie i& i{^%^f>luti<tn whiclj iiamtf ihat of pnnt de in Cotieorrie was iuJi^iilut^ 1 800. At the [\c5torailciii it n^sumcd ii^ ori[^inal tisutie,
PONT DE L*\LLKE D*ANTIN,
Thi!% handftomc auspcnition-bridf^i^, for c;im3|^es ax wvH ii )kaK&riiijL'rb,w»japrnv(loTitlie 20lIi Decemhen f93D«ha%uf j i:an)i(ruuted by tht. b^mi* t'ompany liiat bulk the |»eint dr I'iA \£ehe aiid iLciKjnt d? In Gnnr, jini] forms a iisrful comflnB liiin belwci^n (jro&-Cdi1lou and ihc fjiiiLoitri^ Sh-|fonofr« cb^ [lis arc »it|,»|iorlcMl by two h^nd mine picrsi which runaw for the public pajyta^^r. It i*350 French f*» el in ifn^h, and bfcudth, a cau Airway bfiiij!: farmed on Each aid« for {icr A tciU if paid i>n p;iJi!iiiig thiA brid{;c-
po.xT DE i;ecole militaire.
This bridgf', hc-f;un in JdD6f after the d^st|^(i of M^ under the ilireeliuti uf M. Lamniidcs was caiii|deted in Iltt* issiluiiU-d uppoaiti; the EcoU Mditaire, and fcirms a coon €atii>n between I he qnai dv BiUy aiid the Champ-dc-lUn 4:nnsi$lA uf five semieircular arc lie i, and the len^K bet the abutments is 40O fevt^ A corimet imitated fram tbt tc wf Mars the Avcnjjiir, at Rotue, and (prtands of laurel nm wilhiti ^'hti;b i^ the cipher j|^ Kurniuunled hy tbi* royal it are tbe only onianii'nl* wirb whiub it i* decorated** Ai the e milif^ft otthu parapc'tiiare four prdestah^ destined lo be«rftj Tbe be^utlfiii simpticity and Unished execution of tJiitbrrdifii it a dj^linipji^htfd pbte amon(! modem ^ true tu res. It is tbc at Paria Tunned on a horiionlal line, audof wbicbibe p^sit^coi level with the approaeb,
Tbc natne of Jena was at dnl giveii to this brid||e bya d published at WarMw^ m 1S0'7« iii memory of ibe famoui 1 ;;ainedovi;T ihel*rus»ians, nnlbe 14 tli uf October, 1800. ^ liie rriiSMans eanie to Paris in 1814, their leader (Blucli - - bave blown up tlie jjoni tie Jenut and some allempts v without siiceesis. A negotiation was entered into ^ . when it was arjreed thai the bridge should be preaeri-ed, bu its name &hould bee handed. Hy a royal ordi in nance of JuIt* It wai named pont ties Inu^alidcs^ for wbich its presrn( \t\\,n liei:u subsLiLutefl,
• Tl** ««iU«di ffinn^ily encii^ded lilt leiwr W* purmouatod hw itit ii
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QUAYS. 329
QUAYS.
The banks of the Seine, with the exception of that part opposite the Halle-aux-Vins and the Garden of Plants, are skirted with spacious quays, which, although distin^shed by different names> form in reality only two hnes of road. The most ancient, the quai des Augustins, dates from i3ia, and the quai de la M^s- serie, from iSdg. Under Louis XIQ and Louis AlY some progress was made in the construction of quays, particularly in the tie de la CM and the tie St.-Louis, which are now entirely surrounded by them, except that portion of the former upon which part of the H6tel- Dieu stands. The quai d'Qrsay, down to 1801, re- mained a muddy strand intersected by drains and open sewers. Napoleon particularly directed his attention to the improvement of Paris by the construction and i^iepair of quays, and his plans have been completed. The banks of the Seine now display a liue ot quays un- e<pialled by any cil^ in Europe. Their number is 34> viz. : 1 4 upon the right bank of the Seine; 10 upon the left bank ; 6 in the tie de la Cit^, and 4 in the tie St.- Louis. Their total length is nearly i5 English miles. The whole are execiAed in stone with a parapet. The construction of quays duringthe reign of Napoleon cost upwards of 1 a, 000,000 fr. The Seine, which is a inin- ning and not a tide river, has no commerce but what is carried on in barges and one or two steam-boats. The quays are merely stone embankments, without cranes ior raising goods, or warehouses for receiving them, and form sti*eets with houses on one side, and the river on the other. At various places there are stone stairs and inclined ways to desoend, and the sewers fall into the river through arches under the quays. It would be impossible to dispose the banks of a river like the Thames, on which commerce is carried to the greatest imaginable extent, in a manner so agreeable. Goods are landed at different parts of the river at wharfs, termed/N>r(5 . When it is considered that the waters of the river rise in winter about 10 or 12 feet higher than in summer, the necessity for stone embankments will be apparent ; and the
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33o aqueducts:
whole is M> well executed, that some of them afford the pleasantest walks in Paris, excepting the boulevards and public gardens.
CHAPTER XIV.
AQUEDUCTS, HYDRAULIC MACHINES, FOUN- TAINS, BATHS, BTC.
The means employed from the earliest period to ae- cure to large towns a j^entiful supply of water nay he reduced to the following : aqueducts, canala, cisfeens, reservoirs, and hydraulic machines. The ancie&ls flene- rally employed the two. former. Although wdl ac- quainted with mechanics, it does not appear that they used machinery to elevate the water of rivers above their level, and afterwards distribute them on lower ^praonds. Wherever the Romans established their dominion they constructed aqueducts, and the remains of some are ftill to be seen without the walls of several cities in Italy and ancient Gaul, extending far into the adjaoent country. It appears that in Greece the only water used was db- tained from cisterns, fountains, and wells within their walls ; and if the traveller to that Massic land still finds the ruins of aqueducts, they most probably date from the period when the Greeks became confounded with the Romans, for all these remains are, or appear to be, of Roman construction. In the southern provinces of Italy, and in Greece, where during summer the rivers are dry, fountains and vast cisterns are indispensably neces- sary to prevent a scarcity in the sultry season. Thus in those countries we find grand and numerous remains oC spacious reservoirs, whdst, as we retrograde towards the north, they are more rare because less necessaiy. The various means employed by the ancients to convey water have been adopted by the modems with greater or less success. Kthe aqueducts of the latter are lt» substantial and numerous, it is because they have ma- chinery to elevate the water of rivers, and thus dispense with the necessity of seeking it at a great distance. But it cannot be denied that acqueducts seem the most simple
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AQu^DUc d'arcceil. 33 1
id easy. In Paris, aquedocts and hydraulic noachines ^e employed conjointly to supply the fountains ; and be canal de rOorcq promises to furnish ten times tlie uantity of water previously possessed.
AQUEDUCTS.
The aqueducts which supfdy Paris with water are iree in number, viz. the Aquiduc dArcueil^ the Aqui- uc de BelleviUe, and the Aquiduc de SL-Gervais.
Aqubduc d'Abcuiil. — Over a valley to the south of aris, formed by the course of the Bi^vre, the Romans reeled an aqueduct for the conveyance of water to the alais des Thermes, from Arcueil, a village at two sagues distance, which evidently derived its name from !ie arches that supported the aqueduct. Part of this ncient construction, consisting of two arches substan- lally built, still exists, near the modem aqueduct. One f theie arches is particularly worthy of attention. It erves as an entrance to a' fine estate. Its architecture is evere but noble. The cornice is supported by two ariatides, one in the costume of a Roman waiTior ; the tther is a female with her arms crossed upon her breast, lie scarcity of water in the southern part of Paris was aore partidilarly felt after Mary de Medicis built the lalace of the Luxembourg, and the population increased a that quarter. A project formed by Henry IV of re- stablisbing the Roman aqueduct to convey the waters f Rongis to Paris, was therefore renewed. On the 17th i July, i6i3, Louis XIU and the queen regent, his lother, in great pomp, laid the first stone of me aque- duct, which was built after the designs of Desbrosses, nd finished in 16^24. This aqueduct, which extends cross the valley of Arcueil upon sS arches, 7^ feet in leight by i,aoo in lencth, presents a maj^nificent mass if building . Its total length, from Arcueil to the ChA- eau d'Eau, near the Observatory, is i3,200 yards. Nine if the arches only are open for the passage of th^ river, ^hich, however, generally flows through two in the centre. In the interior of the aqueduct on each side is I parapet which forms a walk. On the outside along the whole line are various openings, called regards.
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1
It
33 i AQUEDUCTS.
TImj water of this aqueduct is digtiibuted from Chateau d'Eau by means of leaden pij»es ; but it dep ji calrareous sediment which frequeally obslmcUi ll Conditions are formed by this waler^ so lliat piea woodj glass, fiHiit, or other objects, llirown in^ bee covered with a stony substance, but tUt j are not pi fietl . It unfortunately happened tlial part of the m duct was built over quames long befoi e Hbatidorjtt^ foj [gotten. For more than a century no inconienie was rjiperienced, but, in 1777, the perciilation of wa wa» ^o great that the fountains it supplied became d The aqueduct was then thoroughly re[)a^ired, at iik uii^nHe expense.
To visit the aqueduct application must be mad M, RcMirier, No. laS, rue des Arcs, at Arcneil.
AguEDUC DK Bbllevu.le. — A cousidt^r^l^le qtiantlii watrn* is supplied to Paris from a bill .ibouniiini springs, situated at a short distance to the aorlh, upon which the village of Belleville has been built. aqueiiuct by which it is conveyed is l1ic inii^t anciei ^ ihe vicinity, having been built in ttio a^igu of Pi
Augustus. As early as 1^44 it supplied water tc aljbey of St.-Martinndes-Ghamps. This aqueduct substantially built of stone, but bavin j; f^lleo into de it wa;i repaired in 14^7, by order of tlu' pr^\*6tdes i chands^ as appears by an inscription over one of opo rungs. In 1602 the AquSduc de Belie^iUe Ihoioughly repaired by order of Hem y H , and ihi pens*! defrayed by an additional dniy ii[JOn the \ which entered Paris.
Tlje first resei'voir is situated upon the most el«i point of tlie village of Belleville. ]t consists of a slant ial freestone building, 5o feet in cii'c umfereDce- not I fifty, on account of the height of tlif> mountain tlir deptli of the springs. It is covered willi a d iiimnounted by an open lantern throu|;h which ligl admitted. Two staircases lead down to the bottot tbe i*f!siTvoir and the entrance of the :tr|u{!cjuct. In cpntj'e is a basin which, as the water rises, empties i _ into the aqueduct. At the barrier dv '^Jiriiibnoiilai *«ithe»- reservoir, from whence the watei is distribi
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CANAL DE L OUBCQ. 333
[lat qoftiter of Paris where it is situated. The open- over which is the inscription, is in the garden of a se. No. igi, rue de Paris. To visit this aqueduct mission should be obtained at the prefecture ; never- less the proprietor of the house allows strangers to cend by the opening. Great care should be taken to descend when very warm, as the cold is intense. lquxduc dk St.-Gkivais or de Romairvillb. — By this educt the water from the heights of Romainville, y^res, and Menilmontant flows into a reservoir in village of Pr^ St.-Gervais, from whence it is conveyed *aris by leaden pipes. The period of its construe- \ is unknown, but it certainly existed as early as the ti century, as, in i i%S^ St. Louis granted to the FUles- u of the rue St.-Denis part of the water which it sup- d to the fountain St.-Lazare. This aqueduct waa lired by command of Henri IV, at the same time as : of Belleville. It supplies about 646 hogsheads of er in 24 hours. The reservoir was rebuilt in the pft of Louis XIV, as appears by an inscription in ers of gold upon a tablet of black marble. It h ut 12 feet in length by 10 in breadth. In the front niche with a fountain in the centre.
CANAL DE L'OURCQ.
'he difficulty of supplying the public fountains by :hines requiring frequent repair, gave birth, at dif- int periods, to proposals for obtaining water by ins more simple and natural. Many projects wer<^ posed and rejected previous to the suggestion ol^ srs. Solace and Bossu, in 1799, of opening a com- [lication between the Seine and the Ourcq. They :ulated that, by prolonging the latter river to Paris « Y could supply to the capital 44*000 hogsheads of er in 24 hours. The proposal, however, was re- ed as impracticable. On the 29th Flordal, an X ly 19, 1802), a decree was issued, which set forth: — / sera ouuert un canal de derivation de la riviire ^urcqy qui amknera cette rivikre dans un bassin pr^s la yiUetie:" On the 25th Thermidor following
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334 CAMALS :
another decree appeared, which fixed the iM Yeiid^ miaire, an XI (September, i8oa), for its commence^ ment, assigned the necessary funds out of the receipts at the barriers of Paris, and charged the prefect oi tlue de- partment with the chief direction, and the engineers d$s Pimls-^i-Chaussdes with its execution. After the commencement of the canal, several delays took place at difierent periods, and in i8i4 the wons were totalij suspended. In 1 8 1 8, the municipal bodj of Paris wete authorised by a special law to borrow 7,000,000 fr. to finish the canal, the completion of which was undertaken by Messrs. St.-Didiei* and Vassal. Since that period the works have rapidly advanced. The objects for whicb this canal has been opened are to convey to a spacioiu basin water for the supply of the inhabitants of the capital, and the fountains which embellish it; Co esta- bhsh a communication between the river Ouroc[ and Paris ; to form on the north of the city, a canal com- posed of two navigable branches, the one extending from the Seine at St. -Denis to the basin, and the other from the basin to the Seine at the Arsenal ; and lastly, to furnish a supply of water to the manufactories of the capital. The various branches or ramifications of this canal are known by the names of the Canal de FOurcg, the Bassin de la FilleUe, the Aquiduc de Ceinture, the Canal de SL-Mariin, the Gore de VArsenaly and the Canal de SL-Denis.
The canal de tOurcq receives the water of the Ouroq beyond the mill of Mareuil, about 10 leagues from Pa- ris, and after collecting the streams of the GolUnanoe, the Gergogne, the TheiH)uenne,and the Beuvronne, hUs into the bassin de la YiUette. Its volume, aocordkog to an accurate calculation, is 8,5 10 inches dufing six weeks of the year, and iq,657 inches during the remaining 46.
The bassin de la rUlette, situated without the inr- rier de Pantin, between the Flanders and German roads, was begun in 1806, and finished in 1809. It forms a parallefogi*am of 886 yards by 89, and is built of sob- sUntial masonry. The waters of the canal de POurcq, are received at the northern extremity. The axis of the basin is the same as that of an elegant rotunda, which
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CANAL DE ST.-MARTIir, ETC. 335
ms barracks for gendarmes, and its banks are planted th four rows of trees. At the two angles of the tthem extremity are openings, which sapply water the aquiduc deCeinture and the caruUde St. -Martin. The aqu^duc de Ccinture extends from the western gle of the basin as fau* as Monoeaux, encirding Paris the north. Its length is 4,833 yards, and it is intehded supply the fountains of the capital on the right bank the Seine. This aquedoct sends out two branches, led galene de St,-Laurenty and gaierie des Martyrs, »m which the water is conveyed to numerous points smaller ramifications and cast-iron pipes. The cantU de St^Martin, at first called canal de Na- fotion, communicates between the eastern angle of the sin and the Aire de F Arsenal, formine a course '5S,556 rds in leng£. It is constructed of solid masonry, and e sides are skirted with haling-ways and trees. This oal passes between the boulevard and the hospital St.- mis, and, after traversing the Ciuboorg du Temple, the e Menilmontant, and the rue du Ghemin-Yert, falls to the gflre in the place de la Bastille. The bridges er the canal in the faubourgs and streets are built of me. The canal de Sl.-Martin, with that of St.-Denis, rms a communication from the Seine to the Seine. The gare de F Arsenal, formed of the moat of the stille, cleared of its rubbish and old constructions, is I yards in length, by about 64 in breadth. On the yht leading down to the river is a haling-way lo feet [de. It is capable of receiving upwards of 8o barges, [ving the middle clear for a passage. A bridge has m erected towards the river, over the sluice where t waters of the gare fall into the Seine. The can€d de St.'-Denis begins near the town from tiich its name is derived, at the spot where the small 'er Bouillon empties itself into the Seine, and termi- tes at the canal de VOtircq in a small semicircular Bet of water, about 900 yaixls beyond the bassin de la llette. After encircling the town of St.-Denis on the ris side, this canal extends in a straight line to the aal de TOurcq. fts length is 7,533 ywds, and in its irse there are 12 sluices. Two bridges have been
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336 HYDRAULIC MA€If ISBS :
constructed over it between PSaris and St.-Denis, and a third at the northern extremity of the village of la Vil- lette. From the point where this canal comnienoes, boats can reach the bassin de la ViUeUe in eight or ten hours ; whereas, by the Seine, on account of its mune- nous windings, three days are required to arrive at P»- ris. This vast and eminently useful undertaking is nearly completed.
HYDRAULIC MACHINES.
The insufficiency of the quantity of v^ater supplied by the aqueducts of Belleville and St.-Gervais vras much felt under the reign of Henry IV (the new aque- duct d'Arcueil not being then constructed), and the scarcity at the palaces led to the erection upon the second arch of the Pont-Neuf, of an hydraulic machine^ which took the name of —
Pompe de la Samaritaine, from its being ornamenled with a group in ^ilt lead, representing Christ and the woman of Samana at Jacob's well. This machine was demolished in i8x3.
Pompe du pont Notre^Dame. — The. utility of the pompe delaSamaritaine suggested the idea of construct- ing a similar machine adjoming the pont Notre-Dame, wnich was carried into execution in 1670. It consists merely of a square tower, containing a reservoir, into which the water is elevated by machinery set in motion by the current of the river.
Pompe ik feu deChaillot. — ^In the year 1755, two fo- reigners made proposals to elevate the water of llie Seine by means of steam-engines, and distribute it to the houses of Paris ; but tlie project being little understood their proposals were rejected. In 1778, Messre. Perier were authorised to erect a steam-engme upon the quai de Billy, below the village of Chaillot, at the expense of a company. The building containing the engine, which was made by Boulton and Watt, is a square pavilion of an elegant form. A canal, seven feet wide, constructed under the Versailles road, extends to the middle of the river, where it receives the water, and conveys it into a
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, POMPE-A-FKU DV GROS-CAILLOU. 337
L large free-stone basin, from whence it is elevated by the [ steam-engine into reservoirs built upon the heights of ! Chaillot, at i lo feet above the level of the Seine. From ^ these reservoirs, which receive 4oo,ooo cubic feet of vrater in ^4 hours, communications, by means of pipes, are formed with the houses and several fountains on the northern bank of the river. The first trial of this en- gine, the earhest that appeared in France, was made on the 8th of August, 1781, in the presence of the lieute- nant of poUce. But such was the ignorance of the prin- ciple of the machine, that for sevei^al years after it was erected, the smallest derangement caused a stoppage in the works, until a person, dispatched to Birmingham, returned with the means ot repairing them. The works of this machine may be visited by strangers, who are expected to give a small fee to the workman that conducts them.
Pompe it feu du Gros-Cailiau, — After the establish- ment of their hydrauUc machine below GhaiUot, Messrs. Perier erected another on the quai des Invahdes, to sup- ply the houses and fountains on the left bank of the §eine. The first stone was laid by thepr^udi des mat' chands on the 34^ of July, 1786. Tnis building also presents an elegant pavilion ; but as Gros-Caillou is deft- titnte of heights, it was necessary to add a tower nearly 70 feet in elevation, to contain the reservoirs. The worl^ of this machine may also be visited.
A third building, destined for a steam-engine, was con- structed upon the same bank of the river, near the bar- rier de la Gare: but it has never besn used. It is of an elegant form, and has a lofty square tower like that of Gros-Gaillou.
From these engines water is gratuitously snppUed in case of fire; and, to that efiect, reservoirs, kept con- stantly full, have been built in different quarters of the capital.
Towards the end of 1 788, more than four-fifths of die shares of the company to whom these machines origi- nally belonged, had been transferred to the royal trea- sury in exchange for other securities, so that the crown had become nearly the sole proprietor of the stcam-en-
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338 FOUfiTAlUS :
gmes and their dependencies, which, since diat period, have been considered public property, and are snperin-- tended by persons appointed by the government.
FOUNTAINS.
The immense volume of 6,944 inches of water was supplied by aqueducts to ancient Rome, and one idgIi, flowing with mean rapidity, affords 7a hotheads in 34 hours. Modem Rome still enjoys i ,£ioo indies <rf water, which is distributed by numerous magnificent foon* tains. In 1754, Paris did not possess more than 100 inches of water, but now the French capital is better supplied than any other city in the world. The water used by the Parisians is furnished by the Seine, dieOuix^, the aqueduct of Arcueil, and the springs of St.-Gervais, Belleville, and Menilmontant.
Under Philip Augustus there were only three pnblic fountains in Paris. In the interval between the rei^ of that prince and Louis XII, 1 3 others were constructed. Under Henri IV, Louis XIQ, Louis XIV, and Louis XY, many new fountains were erected, and during the go- vernment of Napoleon their number was gready aug- mented. Seventeen were constructed between i Ck>4 ami 1812. The total number of fountains in Paris is 65, be- sides which, there are ii^ homes forUaines^ or streams issuing from orifices or lions' heads in walls or posts. The water is supplied to these fountains by three hy- drauUc machines, three aqueducts, and the canal de rOurcq.
The plan of conveying vrater by pipes to private hooses has been only partially adopted; but it is sold from door to door at the rate of one sous per pail, by water- carriers, who obtain it at the fountains. The number oiporieurs deau having casks on wheels, is i ,4oo ; and those who carry it in pads with yokes, like the milkmen of London, are still more numerous. In 1829, however, a company was formed for the supply of water to the public establishments and private houses, by means of pipes, so that Paris may be expected in a few years to be freed from water-carts, which are a nuisance,a« they
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FONTAINE OB ST.-AVOYE, ETC. SSg
brm ofastmcUaBS in the streets, and not unfrequently prinkle persons j^ing.
Although most of the necessaries of life are cheaper n Paris than in London, the essential articles of finng ind water are considerably dearer. It is calculated diat ipwards of 4^9000,000 fr. are annually paid in Paris for iring ; and upwards of 4»ooo,ooo fr. for water.
We shall now describe such of the fountains as are entitled to notice, the number of which is comparatiTely maU.
FONTAINE DE ST.-AVOYE, Hue St.-AuQjre, This fountain, erected in 1687, is ornamented at the lower story with a niche, a sea-shell and congelations, rhe upper story is adorned with pilasters, a semicir- nilar pediment and two dolphins supporting an es- cutcheon.
FONTAINE DE BACCHUS, At the eorner of the rue Censier, In the decoration of this fountain there is a moral fa- ble : a satyr, surrounded by Bacchanalian attributes, of- fers water to the inhabitants of the CaubourgSt.-Marceau, ivho, for the most part, are friends to a stronger beverage.
FONTAINE DE BIRAGUE, Rue St*^Antoine. This fountain was erected in 1579, by cardinal Ren^ ie Birague, chancellor of France, and was rebuilt in 1 807. It is a pentagonal tower, surmounted by a dome inda lantern. The sides are similar; consisting of a niche, between Doric pilasters supporting a pediment, ibove which rises an attic adorned with a naiad. On >ach side was formerly an inscription. The following is Lhe only one that remains :
PftiBTOR BT ^DILBS FoilTBM HUIfC POSUBRB, BbATI SCBPTRUH 81 Lo»4MX, DUN FLVBT UHDA, RBOAT.
CHATEAU D'EAU DU BOULEVARD DE BONDY. This ma&aiifioent and picturesque fountain, executed in 181 1, after designs by Girard, is happily placed on
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34 o fountains:
elcv^ited ground, formerly a bastion, between the po St.-Mailin itnd the rue du faubourg dn Temple, a forms :i grand reservoir which receives water from \ canal dv TOurcq, and distributes it to the fountains the vitinhy. It is for this i*eason that it is called d ieau d'eau. It consists of five concentric basins plac one :il)ovt> iiitother, the largest of which is 90 feet in ^ meter. From the centre of the uppermost rises asJu ornamt'iitrcl Tvith leaves, supporting two paieng d ^ fei*eut dimenf^ions, from whence the water falls in fine cascade from basin to basin. Four pedestals so] (jorl catli ivvo antique lions, which spout forth wat into ojie of tbe basins. The lions, shaft, and paler aiif* of casl-ii-on, and the basins are of ChAteau- Land stone, hi|;liiy polished. In the wall towards the i «le Rundv iiie two niches that supply water to the nei^ IjovirhomL This fountain cost 1 80,000 fr.
FONTAINE DES CAPUCINS, Hue St.-Monore, at the corner of the rue CastiglUmt. This foyii tain was formerly sun'ounded by six c( vcnt^f a rircii instance alluded to in the following inscri tion ]>y Suntcuil, which it still bears: —
Tot l(kli sacr\ ihtbr, pdra bst qujb lajbitdk urda; h4kcn05 impuro, qui8qui8 s8, okb biba8.
The fonlaine des Capucins was erected in 1671, a rt^buiit in 1718, but possesses no ornaments.
FONTAINE STE.-CATHERINE, Rue da faubourg St,~Antoine, It, was erected in 1783, and is decorated with pilj iers surmounted by a pediment, the whole enriched w congelations, shells, and other ornaments.
FOXTAINE DE LA CROIX DU TIROIR,
Corner of the rue de CArhre^ec and the rue St.'Mona This fountain, erected by Fi*ancis I, derives its na from a cross called Croix au Tiroir, near which it a situaiecL It was rebuilt by Soufflot, in 1775. Ej front presents a basement, adorned with vermicula rustics, w hich supports pilasters, wrought in stalacti!
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FOKTAJNB DB5UX, ETC. 3^t
with c^iptUls, ill sTifiUs. It ii¥ sui'mounted by at balus- trade. Between the windows of Ihe first storey is a nymph pouring water into a basin.
FOiNTAINE DESAIX, Sec Place Dauphme, pa|;e 28D.
FONTAINE DU DIABLE,
jtt the corner of rue de CEchetlc and tue ^t.~Louh. The ongin of the name of this fountain is unknown. It was rebuilt in i^Sq, and consists of a lofty obelisk, upon A [^edestalf the torns of which is seulplui'M^ in oak- Wavf^s. At the upjier angles of a tablet are two Tritons supporting the prow of a ship.
FOXTAINE DE LTCHAUDt, f^ieille rue du Templm^ Tills building, erected in iS^i, I'esembles the niomi- m^mt called Demosthenes' lantern. It is of an octagonal form, divided into comprirtments with moLildings, and crowned by a minaret, terminated by a small vase orna- mented with congektions-
FOJSTAIXE HE L^ECOLE DE MEDECINE, oa D'ESGULAPE, Pluce de tEcolc dc Medicine. This fountain was erected in 1 8oG, after tlie designs. of Qondouin, and 4:ons]st>t of u grotto formed by four flulfd colniuns of the Doric ojxlor whicb supjmrt an en- t a bh t u re . A bove tl ic m i^ a n atti c , f J'o m w hen ce a sheet of water fulls 'li feet into a semicircular basin- The de- sign h simple and grand, and the effect of the water is very striking when there is a suJGcient supply.
FONTAINE EGYPTIENXE,
Rue de Sevres. This beautiful fountain was r:onst[^eted in 1B06. It presents the gate of an Egyptian temple, in the opening of which is a statue holding in each himd a vase, from whence water falb into a semicircular basin, and issues I hence by the head of a sphyux, in broiue. In an enta- blature an eagle is displayed.
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34^ FOUNTAIHS:
FONTAINE DE L'ELEPHANT,
See Place de la Bastille^ page 290.
FONTAINE DE CRENELLE, JVo, 67, rue de Crenelle Su-Germain. Til is fountain is one of the finest in Paris . Bouchard oj I I w ho furnished the designs, executed the figures, has-n
IK Ik' fs , and some of the ornaments. It was begun in i yj^
and iiniihed in 1 745. The building is of a semkircub fot-m^ ^ feet in length by 56 in elevation. In the eentii is a projecting mass, from which two wings extend ta di contLj[pous houses. It consists of a b^ment, aUi* which rises an upper story, presenting in the centi^ kinit of portico, and in the wings, niches, and windovi between small pilasters without bases or capitals. Tl whole is surmounted by an attic extending the leogt of the building. The portico consists of four I>oric o liimns supporting a pediment. In front of it is a group : white marble, representing the city of Paris sitting np* the prow of a ship, and regarding with complacency tl Srinc and the Mame, which are recumbent at her fet ill tlie lateral niches are allegorical statues of the season 3 nd lYeneath them bas-relieu . The niches are separa l hy thr city arms, in relief. Between the colunms is marble tablet, with the following inscription by card ii Ficury, effaced at the Revolution, but since restored i
Dun LUDOYICCS XV,
Ponuli amor et Parens optimus,
PudIacc tranquiUitatis assertor,
Gallici Imperii finibus,
Innocue propa^tis ;
Pace Germanos, Kussosque
Inter et Ottomanos
Feliciter conciliata,
Glorios^ simul et pacifice
Regnabat,
FoiUem hunc ciTiam iitilitati,
Urbisque omamento
Consecrarunt
Prscfectus et i£dilcs,
Anno Domini
M.DCC.XXX.IX.
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FONTAINE DBS IRNOCENS, ETC. 343
It is to be regretted tliat this rich numunient resemhles a tomb, occupies a pbce by no means suited to its dimen- sions, and is ill supplied with water.
FONTAINE DE8 INNOCENS, See Marehe des Innaemu, page 303.
FONTAINE DCS INVAUDES, See page 323.
FONTAIFfE DE L^DA, on DE LA RUE VAUGIRARD, At ike corner of the rue du, Regard,
This fountain, erected by Bralle, in 1 806, presents two pilasters supporting a pediment. It is ornamented with a bas-relief, by Yallois, representing Leda on the banks of die Eurotas, caressing Jupiter, under the form of a swan. At the feet of Leda, Cupid is seen drawing an arrow from his quiver. The water flows into a Irasin from the beak of the swan. The pilasters are adorned with dolphins, one encircling a tndent, and the other a rudder.
FONTAINE DE LOUIS-tE^RAND,
At the angle formed bjr the rue de ia Michodiire and the rue du Port Mahon.
This beautiful fountain was erected in 1 7 1 a, and rebuilt in i8a8. It consists of two columns, having between them a niche, in which is a naiad in the act of striking a dolphin with a trident. The capitals, cornices, and enta- blature, are ornamented with figures of fishes, shells, agnatic plants, etc. The basin, formed of a single mass ol stone, is groined to represent an immense shell. The following is the inscription : —
Regnante Carolo X,
Pristinum fontem angustiora area jam amplificata,
Commimi utilitati mhisque omamento,
In majus restituenint pnsfectiiB ct ledUes
AnnoM.DGGG.XX.YIII.
FONTAINE ST.-LOUIS, Rue St,-Louis, This fountain consists of a basement surmounted by a niche, between two pilasters ; Xhe latter support a prdi-
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344 fountAihs :
ment, behind which rises a small dome> tenDinated by a lantern. The niche is filled by a vase upon a pedestal, having on each side tritx>ns seated on dolphins.
FONTAINE, oa GROTTE DU LUXEMBOURG, See page 195.
FONTAINE DU BIARCHE ST.-GERMAIN, See page 304.
FONTAINE DE MARS, oa DU GR0S^:AILU)U,
Rue St.'Dominiquef opposite the Military liatpiiMl. This fountain was erected in i8i3. It is a square building ornamented with eight Doric pilasters, and ui entablature. In the front is a bas-rehef, representing Hygeia, the goddess of health, administering a drai^t to an exhausted soldier. On the sides are vases, sur- rounded by the Esculapian serpent, and adorned with bas-reliefs. The other ornaments are seaHnonsters.
FONTAINE ST.-MARTIN, Rue SU'Martin. This fountain, built against a tower that formed a part of the wall of the ancient abbey of St.-Martin-des- Champs, consists of a basement and two pilasters, sur- mounted by a pedestal, ornamented with an escutcheon, and crowned by a shell. The pilasters are adorned witli vermiculated rustics and congelations. In tlie centre is a tablet, and above it a ship, in relief.
FONTAINE MAUBUEE, ^t the angle of' rue Maubuee and rue Su-Sfartin. This fountain existed early in the i4th century. In 1733 it was rebuilt. It consists of a pedestal, orna- mented with vases, amidst rushes and sea-shells. Above it is a tablet for an inscription. One front is surmounted by a ship, emblematical of the city of Paris.
FONTAINE DE LA RUE MONTMARTRE.
This fountain, built against a house foui* stories higii,
is ornamented with congelations, and sunnounted by a
pediment. Beneath the second story are bas-reliefs,
representing coats of mail, helmets, shields, quivers, etc.
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FONTAINE DE LA. KAIADB, ETC. 345
FONTAINE DE LA NAIADE,
Rue des F'ieilleM - Audriettes. riiis fountain was erected in i635, and rebuilt in 75. The pediment presents a bas-relief of a naiad eping among rushes, oy Mignot.
FONTAINE DU PALMIER,
See PlAee du ChduUt, page 288.
FONTAINE DU PARVIS NOTRE-DAME, See page 292.
FONTAINE DES PETITS-PtRES, Plac9 des Petiu-Pkres, rbis fountain, constructed in 1671 , consists of a base- nt, two pilasters, and a pediment. It bears tlie fol- i^ing inscription, by Santeuil ; —
QUJS DAT AQVAS, SAXO LATBT H08P1TA FIYMPHA SUB IMO ; Sic TV, CUM DBDBRIS DONA, LATBRE VBLIS.
FONTAINE DE LA PLACE DE LA BASTILLE, See Place de la Bastille ^ page 290.
FONTAINE DE LA PLACE DE L'ECOLE, See Place de TEcole, page 291.
FONTAINE DE LA PLACE ST.-MICHEL, At the top of the rue de la Harpe. Upon the demolition of the Porte St.-Michel, in 1684, s fountain was constructed on its site, after designs Bullet. It consists of a vast niche, ornamented with ric columns and a pediment ; from this heavy con- uction a mere tliread of water issues. The followini^ icription, by Santeuil, alludes to the university, many lieges being situated near the fountain : —
Hoc SUB MONTE 8UOS RB8BBAT 8APIBNTIA PONTES Nb TAMBH hang PURl RB8PUB FONTIS AQUAM.
FONTAINE, OR CHATEAU D*EAU DE LA.PLACE DU PALAIS-ROYAL.
See Place du Palais-Royal^ page 177.
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346 FOUNTAINS :
FONTAINE DE POPINGOURT, Rue de Popincourt. This foantain was constmcted in 1806, by Bralle. Its form is a cippus, terminated by a scroll pediment, in the tympanum of which is a pelican feeding her young. The front presents a bas-relief of Charity giving a cup of water to two children, by Fortin.
FONTAINE DE RICHELIEU, jtt tha angle of rue de Richelieu and rue Trai^enihre. This foantain, erected in 1671, derives its name from
Cardinal Richelieu. It is plain, but bears a tablet with.
the following inscription, by Santeuil, alluding to the
cardinal's office of grand master and superintendent
general of navigation : —
Qui quondam MAGRUM TSRUIT MODSEAMSlf AQUARUK RlCBUlOS, FOKTI PLAUDBRST IPSE IVOTO.
FONTAINE ST.^EVERIN, At the angle of the rue St.Severin and the rue St.^acques. This fountain, erected in 16249 presents a dome sur- mounted by a lantern. It bears the following inscrip- tion, by Santeuil, alluding to its being placed at the foot of a mountain : —
Dun SCARDUNT JUGA MORTIS ARHSLO PBCTOaB RTMPHX, HiC URA i BOCilS YALLIS, AMOBB, SBDBT.
FONTAINE DE TANTALE, oa DE LA POINTE ST.- EUSTAGHE.
This fountain, situated at the an^le formed by the roe Montmartre and the rue Montorgueil, was built in 1806. It presents an elliptical niche between two rusticatfid imposts surmounted by a pediment, in the tympanum of whidi is an eagle. In the niche is a head of Tantalus, above a shell from which the water flows into a rich vase. The expression of the head is eagerness to drink. From the vase the water descends into a semicircular basin. Upon the vase is a bas-relief, representing a nymph holding a vessel for Cupid to drink.
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r%JS^lAXI%D MJKm Y&XllJVrJHAf AlCi.
^^7
FONTAINE DE VENDOME, Hue du Temple^ lis fountain was attached to the ancient wall of the
Sle, and is named after the chevalier de Yend6me, prior of France. It is surmounted by a cupola, is adorned with a military trophy.
FONTAINE ST.-VICTOR, Rue SU'f^ictor. lis fountain was built in 1671, after the designs of jni, and was calledyb/itoi/ie ifJlexandre or de la «e, after a tower of that name which had existed ts site. It afterwards was called^/i£ai>ie St.-Ficlor, 1 the celebrated abbey near which it was situated, building presents a narrow lofty front, ornamented i a vase, dolphins, and S3rrens.
iBUSHMENT OF CLARIFIED AND PURIFIED WATER OF THE SEINE.
iVb. 24, quai des CdUsting. he water of the Seine, although the purest in Paris, luch improved by the process which it undergoes in establishment, and is no dearer than the common er ; but it can only be had by subscription. The lie are admitted to view the works, which the allied reigns visited in 181 4-
he following lines on the Seine are by the cele- ed Latin poet, Santeuil, a canon of the abbey of St.- tor, who seems, from the subjects chosen for his tic effusions, to have been a devotee of the Naiads : —
Secraana, ciim primiim Re^pnae allabitnr Urbi
Tardat precipites ambitiotas aquas ; Gtptus amore loci, cursum obliviscitur anceps
Quo fluat, et dulces nectit in Urbe moras. Hinc varios implens flcctu subeunte canales,
F0D8 fieri gaudet, qui mod6 flumen erat.
When to the queen of cities comes the Seine,
His rapid waters hurrying to the main,
He checks his course, and now, forgetful, seems
Doubtful which way to guide his wandering streams :
by GooqIc —
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348 baths:
Struck with affection lor the spot, he pl^s With lingering fondness through its streets and ways ; Whilaiy with refreshing tides each part supplied. He sports a fountain who a stream did glide.
BATHS.
Balnea, vina, Venus, corrumpnot corpora nostn. At vitam faciunt balnea, vijia, Venus. Wine, women, baths, our vigour undermine, But life's not Ufe without baths, women, wine.
The use of baths, so common among the ancients, was introduced into Gaul by the Romans, upon their conquest of the country; and rapidly spread among the inhabi> tants, particularly at Paris. The palais aes Tkermes, of which some remains still exist,* was tlie buildio^ hi which the Roman emperors took tlieir baths.
In the middle ages public baths, called Stm^s^ were so common in Paris, that six streets or alleys derive their names from tliem. It appears also, that in the houses of the wealthy, there were baths in which, at grand enter- tainmcnts, it was customary for the guests to batlie. The ceremony of the bath was very strictly observed at the reception of a knight. In the i3th century the servairts of the public baths traversed the streets every rooming, and gave notice, in tlie following terms, that the baths were prepared :—
Seignor; car vous allez baiugnier
Et estuvez sans delaier,
Li baing sont chaut, c'est sans mentir.
These establishments maintained their reputation for a long period, and their proprietors, called barbicrs-itu- uistesy formed a corporate body. Under Louis Xm and Louis XrV they became places of pleasure and de- liauchery, to which cause may be attributed their decline. At present the baths in Paris are numerous, and aFoitl every kind of accommodation at a low charge. The warm bath is regarded by tlie French, and particularly by the Parisians, as essential to the preservation of health.
• See page 21,5.
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BAIVS V1GIKK, ETC. 34^
he bathiug establishments are formed of ranges of small )onis, furnished with every necessary appendage.
Mineral and sulphur baths are also common in Paris, ad very reasonable.
The bains ambulanSy or portable baths, established rithin a few years, are a great accommodation to inva- ds, and the public in general.
Baiks Vigibr. — ^In the year 1760, M. Poitevin esta- lished on tlie river warm-baths, constructed on boats, id the speculation proved successful. Of this kind four re now kept by Yigier. They are stationed near the ont-Marie, the Pont-Neuf, and above and below the ontrRoyal. That above the Pont-Royal, opposite the talace of the Tnileries, is the most spacious and elegant. I was constructed by Bellanger in io days, in 180 1, on boat as long as the largest vessels. It is two stoi^ys igh, and the galleries are adorned with pillars, pilas- ers, and handsome ceilings. It contains 160 baths, vhich in summer are generally occupied from day-break ill 1 1 at night. In winter the establishment closes at o o'clock. The entrance is adorned with flowers and hrubs ; and a flower-garden is laid out on the bank of he Seine. This estabhshment is remarkably clean and veil attended.
Bains Chinois, No. i5, boulevard des Italiens, — ^This onstrnction is ornamented in the Chinese style, after lesigns by Lenoir le Romain. The establishment com- >ines a restauNtkt and a cqfi^ with commodious and igreeable baths.
fiAiNS MoRTisQuiEu, ruc Montesquieu . — ^The building n which these fine baths wei*e established, is now con- erted into a bazaar.
Biws TuRcs, No. 94, rue du Temple. — ^These long- ^stablishjed baths, decorated with Turkish emblems, are iegant and commodious. In front is a garden.
Bains St.-Sauviuii, No. 277, rue Si.-Denis. — The ar- chitecture of this estaUishmcnt is simple and the distri- >ution convenient.
Bains dk Tivoli, No, 88, rue St.-Lazare. — In this fine stablishment are baths of factitious mineral waters of
5o
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35o BATHS.
every kind, with commodious lodgings for invalids, and a fine garden.
Bains m Gaums, No, i, ruei/e Gnmimoii/.-— This esta- blishment is kept by Dr. Galles, and bears a high refmr tation for mineral, sulphur, and vapour baths.
Bains m la Rotondi, P4UaiS''Bojral, opposite the rue Vivienne, — ^This establishment is conducted with the utmost cleanliness, and fitted up in a style of elegant simplicity.
Bains Ghantkibinb, 2Vd. 56, rue Chaniereine.-^Thas is one of the best bathing establishments in the capibd.
The Bains Taranne, 1 3, rue Taranne, the Bains du Maily 23, rue dn Mail, and the Bains du ff^auxhally near the ball-room of that name, are inferior to few in Paris.
The following list of many other baths may prove useful to the stranger : —
Not. 4,10, and 1 8, faubourg Montmaitre ; 3, Tue ilea Beanx-Aits ; 10, me dea Xlanis ; 1 12, me St.-MaTtin ; 4, rae de la Fidcliie ; 37 , rae Croix-dea-Petita^ampa ; 15, rue de la Boucheiie ; 8 to, rue de Ghoiseul; 16, rue Notre-Dame-dea-Victoirea ; 155 and 181 , rue St.-Antoine ; 31 , marche St.-Honore ; 4, rue Vendome ; 5, rue d'Aitois; 26, <{uai de G^vres; 28 and 99, fauhouig Poisaonni^re ; 34 bis, rue grande Verte ; 3, rue Samsoo ; 8. rae du Paon ; 20, rue des Fotsea-St.-Beniard ; 38, rae St.-Tlio- mas-dur-Lottvre ; &6, rae Moatsiartre ; 59, rue de la Chavasce- d'Antin; 18, rae dct Quatre-Venta ; 10 bis, rae de Comcdfes; 36, faubourg St.-Denis; 58 and 77, rae du Bac ; 42, roe de Ghaillot; 13, rue des Boucheries St.-Honore; 14, rae Iksaujo- lais; 101, vieille rae dn Temple; 7, rue desColonnea; 7, rae Neuve St.^ean ; 7, rae de Babylone ; 30 and 107, faubourig St.- Honoie; 3, cloitre St.^acqaea4'Hdpital ; 10, rae St.-Joaepii; 3, boulevard du Temple; 11, rae de la Pepiniere; paas^gedv Saumon; 48, rae de Bondy; 66, rae St.-Lazare; 27, rae St.- Louis, au Marais ; and 55, rue de GrencUc-St.-Honorc.
The charge for a bath Tariesfrom 1 5 to 25 sons, ac- cording to the elegance of the establishment, or whether the water is that of the Onrcq or the Seine, the latter being much softer than the former. In addition, two sous are paid for a towel, eight sous for a peignoir, and six sous for a fond de bain. On taking tickets for six baths, an allowance is made. In the principal establishments
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I^COLES DB JTATATIOir. 35 1
bathers may be accommodated w ith a bed, a li^t repast, perfumery, and the penual of newspapers. The tem- perature of the bath may be regnhtea at pleasure, by two pipes, one lor hot and the other for cold water. In several of the bathing estabUshments mineral and va- pour baths may be had; and in one or two the charge maybe run up to 7, 10, or even i5fr., by perfumery, etc. mixed vnth die water. The waiters, called baigneurSy and haigneusesy are extremely attentive, and many are expert at corn-cutting, for which a fir. are generally paid . A branch of most of these establishments is portable baths, which are taken to private houses, from six in the morning to the same hour in the evening, for a charge of I fr. i5 sous ; firom the latter hour to ten, for 5 fr. ; and from ten to six in the morning, for 4 ^r. The bathing-tub, like those of the bains sur place^ is of copper, tinned, and the water beinff conveyed in a cask, divided by a f»rtition for hot ana cold, the tempera- ture may be carried to any degree the bather pleases.
ECOLES DE NATATION. SwimmingschoeU, There are three swimming-schools in Paris, which in the summer season are much fi*equented by the young Parisians. The principal one consists of large boats connected together so as to form a parallelogram, which bounds an open space for swimming. It is stationed at the qua! d'Orsay, at a short distance from the shore. The boats are covered with upwards of 1 60 small dressing rooms. The end boats support various offices belonging to the establishment. A bridge with platforms, from whence the divers plunge, is thrown across the centre. The open space being from eight to twelve feet deep, none but expert swimmers, or feamers attended by their master, are allowed to enter it. The lessons are given in a private room, where the learner is suspended on shingles in the swimming attitude, and the master di- rects his limbs into the various motions of the art; he then goes into the water, being held in a shin^ by the master, and repeats the motions till he can perform them
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without assiftanoe. The next step is to swim m inspectioQ of the master, who holds before the a pole, which he cam f^nsp ia case of need. seldom requires more than ao lessons to beoon ciently expert to perfect himself without aid, li eiercise. This is one of the most uselid establi: in France. Every possible precaution is taka vent accidents; and regulations, enforced bjli?! for maintaining propriety and decency, are stn: heredto. The school is open during five dki summer. The charge, including dressing-go' drawers, is, for admittance to the open spa< 5 sous ; for the lesson 5 fr. 8 sous. 'When a formed to swim outside the school, boats and are in close attendance, for which a small extn is made.
A smaller school, on a similar plan, is statio low the quai de Bethune, near the ile Louriers. the water is shallow, and there is in some parts sandy liottom.
A third school is at the Pompe-a-feu at C This is intended principally for the winter sea the water is in a tepid state. It is questionable i the water can be changed here sufficiently often i clean as bathers desire. The charge for a batl 5 sous. When a lesson is taken, the total charge io sous.
We may here add, that besides the two swii schools on the Seine in full activity duiung the si tlieie are a great number of public cold haths esta in different parts of the river, which are formed c on the same plan as the schools,but are much les some, and have no swimming-masters attached tc Some are appropriated to the use of females. The for a hath with a private cabinet is 1 1 sous . That foi where the bather has no other accommodation bench, in common with the whole comjiany , to pi clothes on, is 4 sous. The latter being frequen the lowest class of the populace, are not very s those who are anxious to keep vermin from persons and clothes.
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C0»AION SEWEKS. 353
C0MM02V SEWERS.
The Sehie and the Bi^re in Uic southern pari of Pa- ris, and the Seine and the rivuk4 of Menilmontant in the northern part, were formerly the only receptacles fai' i'ain-wati*r, etc. When ditches were opened round the cjty-walb, these served as scwei-s^ and some parts of them, now arched over, arn stiU devoted to ihat pur- jiosc. About the year iSyo, under the pi^^staid of Ungues Auhriot, the grand igout\*f^^ fomied, by lining with masonry the sides of the lied of the rivulet Menil- niontaiut, which had become Avy. This sewer cxtendii atong tVie north of Plaris, and fa Ik into the Seine below ChaiUot. At the same time several smaller seweis were opened t which empty themselves into the grand ^godt. "J'hese sewe»-s becoming gradually choked up, antl not being covered, were insuil'erable nuisaiiceii wLeix'ver they passed, and several times thi-eatened to generate fTOntagious diseases by the e]Lhalatious which they sent forth. The evil had become so great in 1671, that it was determined that sevei^al of llie sewers should In- vaulted^ and the prt^i^ot des marchands and ^chei^ms were enjoined to inspect them annually. At the same limcl was formed the ^gorH de rii^tcl des Invalided, which traverses the esplanade and falls into the Seine. In 1754 the lower part of the ^goUt Montmarire was vaulted \ in \j^o the grand ^godt was covered in ; and in 1754, three new sewers wefe built, vi^, that of the Ecole JVlihtaire, whw^li traverses the Charap-de-JVlara, and those of the rue St.-Florentin, and llie place Lmiis XYI- The sewers which surround the Palais-Uoyal, were opened when thai edifice was built, and empty themselves into that of llie place du Carrousel, In i8'2r| a sewer was constrtxctcd in the rue du Rac, and several of the adjacj^nt streets. All the sew^oi's in iJie interior of Paris aie now vaulted over.
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35 ( HOai^lTALS,
CHAPTEH XV, CHAWTABLE INSTITUTIONS AND PRISOM
HOSPITALS.
Establishments for aSordiug relief to the sicL ih^t to fountUiags, and succour to the Aged, infirm, md m fortunate, eiiated iu Paris at a very early perioi; hi being exclusively under the direction of interc^'"'' ' elesiastici, llie object of their founders was gre.v veited, and tbdr revenues directed to other pui^r^^ From llie time of Phihp Augustus to the period of t Revolution I nothing could exceed the vrretchedoi which pi'evailed in these abod*^ of Tmnmn auJfenir Their mal-administralion, joined to the want of ' ' beds, caused a dt^adfuL mortality among tJie \ and inmates; and every smice^sive intpiiry ljroii,^,iu light the most appalling facts, without giving birth any eJHcient measure^j for their amelioration. In ' yeai* 1786, a pamphlet appeared, which demoostra tilt? urgent necessity of removing the patients from lldtel-Dieu, and dislributiD|jf tliem in diflerent hous It also pitiposed the deniolition of the H6tel-Dieu, s the erection of four bos pita Ls without the bamers. T pamphlet called foith an answer from tlie superint dents of the? bosp i ta 1 , w ho 0 [ jpostHl t he mea sure . A uol pamphlet appeared in rejily, wliich contained the tE convincing argiuuents. This controversy having inl ested the public mind in favour of a change, Lc XVI commanded the Academy of Sciences to make qniry into tlic stato of tJte lldtcl-Dicu. Tlieir r« showed tlie state of that hospital to be most deploru The construction of the fo^u- hospitals was therefore dainedhy the kin^, who, iu a prospectus, invit4«d inliabitanls of Pans and of France to concur witli I by donations and sidiscriptiouis in tJiis work of ben< cence. All € Lasses seemed f?.iger to contribute towa carrying the project into eseciilion, and considera sums yatre raised : but the proHigacv of the tiunis
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HOSPITALS. 3^5
Galoime, the low state of the fiDonces, and the events which preceded the Revolution, caused sevei^ millions of livres of the hospital fund to be dissipated. The Re- volution breaking out shortly afterwards, tlie hospiLib of Paris remained without improvement . The project, however, of demolishing the Hdt:eUDic'u, and esta- blishing four hosjHtals was not forgotten. By a de- cree of the Convention, dated Julj^ i6th, i79^» the ad- ministration of the department was commanded to transfer, without delay, part of the patients of the ho^ pitals of Paris into convents or otJier structures which had become national property. By another decree, of August 24th, 1794) the superintendence of the hospi- tals was vested in sixteen menibei's of the Natioaal Convention. By a subsequent deci ee^ two new hospitals were established, and the nuDobci^ of J)etis in tho$ie al- ready existing considerably augmented. At various successive periods the state of the hopitaux and Iiospices * of Paris has been ameliorated, particularly fit nee they have been placed under the direction of a general administra- tion. This administration, whidi was created in Februai7 1 80 1, consists of a general council and ;m adiuinijstrative committee. All the civil hospitals, as well as tlie varioujs in- stitutions dependent on them, are under their superinten* dence. The miUtanr hospitals are under Uie government of the ^UU-major 01 the garrison of Paris. The general council, formed of the principal magistratci;, andl indi- viduals distinguished by their probity, talents, and phi- lanthropy, decide all general administrative measures, and saperintend the property, accounts, and other af- fairs of the Mpitaux and hospices. This council asscm. bles every Wednesday at the H6tel~de- V iUe . The pitfect of the department is its president. The admipiatrative committee regulates the different branches of manage- ment, and for that purpose have agents att:irhed to each establishment. For the more prompt and i^gular per- formance of the duties of the administrative committee ,
* A distinction is made between hdpltal and hosfiice; iKr former being generally applied to eslablishnicnli for ihv relief of the sick or wounded, and the latter to tlioftr in whith nrc received the aged and infirm, or foiiiiclUiif;^.
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their functions are divided into five bnndies, asibllow: I, the hospices y general bakehoose, voApharmmdiecen' Irale; i, the hSpUaux ; 3, the domains; 4* seamn d domicile; 5, the accounts. The office of the general administration is in the parvis Notre-Dame, where all the archives and other papers of the hospitals are depo- sited . In addition to the hospitals, the superintendence of the general administration extends to charitj schools and some other benevolent institutions.
AU the public places of amusement, except the French Opera, pay a tax of lo per cent, on their receipts to- wards the support of the hospitals. Nearly a fourth of the entrance duties collected at the barriers is devoted to the same object. A heavy tax for their support is also levied on every piece of gix>und purchased for the par- pose of burial in the cemeteries.*
The general administration form a board, which is attended daily by medical men to examine the patients who apply for admission. § By means of this arrange- ment the physician of any hospital, whose attention is directed to a particular disease, or class of diseases, may send any patient to the hospital to which he is attached.
A course of lectures on pharmaceutical chemistry is delivered every winter.
In general, the hospitals of Paris are clean and well managed, for which they are not a little indebted to the Sosurs de la Charitd, and other female religious orders, who devote themselves to the care of the sick, and, at the same time, watch over the intei^ests of the hospital, and even perform the most menial offices. These women are particularly clean and neatly dressed.
The physicians* and surgeons visit the patients of the principal ho8pit;^ls, at seven in the morning, and de- liver clinical lectures at nine, on the most interesting cases, a system admirably adapted to instruct students in the nature, progress, and cure of the various diseases.
The number of beds established in the hdpitOMue and hospices y is more than i5,ooo. Their I'evenues, in i8a5.
Sec Cemeteries » f % Accideuts and urgeut cases arc received withoui thiftfona.
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amoimled to ii,58i,885 fr. ; and their expenditui^e, including dependent establishments, to ii,4^Q,ai3 fr. The number of persons relieved in the hospitals in that year was 55,5jd, at an expense of 2,670, ia6 fr. ; in the hospices^ ig^oSSy indading 568 persons who received money instead of taking advantage of their right to admis- sion into the hospices, 2,976,558 fr. ; 65,!2q3 persons relieved at home, 1,669,146 fr. ; 19,858 ^undlings, 1 ,585,o3ti fr. ; 536 patients in the clinical establishment, 17, i49fr. ; 1 , 170 children placed out, ^5J15^ fr. In t)ic hdpiiaux the mean annual expense of a bed was 609 fr.; and in the hospices 3o4 fr . The mean mortality in the former was i out of 8 1/34 ; and in the latter i out of 5 >/^. The mean mortality in the Foundling-hospital was I out of about 5.
HOTEL-DIEU, ParuiM Notre-Dame.
This is the most ancient hospital in Paris. Its foun- dation is attributed to St. Landri, bishop of Paris, in the 17th century. Philip Augustus is the first king known to have been a benefactor to this establishment, and by him it was first styled Maison-de-Dieu. St. Louis enlarged the buildings of this hospital, exempted it from taxes and duties, and assigned it an annual re- venue. In i6oa, a further enlargement having become necessary, Henri IV caused two wards to be added. Louis Xin, Louis XIY, Louis XV, and Louis XVI, were considerable benefactors to this establishment, and several private individuals have contributed to its en- largement and improvement by donations and legacies. In the night of August xst, 1737, a dreadful fire broke out at the H6tel*Dieu, which burnt for four days and did great damage . Tw o thousand five bund red patients were transported to the cathedral of Notre-Dame and the .archbishop's palace. By another fire, December 39th, 1773, several hundred of the patients perished in the flames.
The H6tel-Dieu consists of several piles of building irregularly disposed, and is divided into wards, for
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358 HOSPITALS :
men and for wonen^ which are wdl veafbalcd. The bnildingi are separated by a brandi q€ the Seine, over which there is a bridge, ositf Si.-CkmHn^ whkh forms an agreeable promenade for the paticnte> te central part along its wlu^ length kaviag hem covered in and glazed. At the extresnitf of dw vestibule of the building, beyond the brid^ ni« sla> tues of St. Landri, St. Louis, and Hcun IV; and marble tablets on which are recorded the rajil decrees, issued in favour of the establishment, finom ^Ktime of Philip* Augustus, and the names of the Lenefaclow of the hospital. The front was erected in i8o4, after Ak designs of Clavareau. It is a projecting Doric ^ealibdke. At the Revolution this establishment was called Hospice dllumaniidy but has since resumed its fonner titiie of Botel-Dieu . The number of beds is upwards of i ,!20o . The reiigieuses of the order of St. Angnslin attend upon tlie patients.
In this house are received the wonnded and sick, with the exception of children, incurable and insane persons, lying*in-women, and persons having dinmicai or venereal diseases. The public are admitted to viflt the patients or inspect the establishment on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, from one o'clock till three. To enter on other days application must be made t» the agenlde sutveillsnce.
HOPITAL D£ LA PITIE, IVo, i, rue Copeau. This hospital was founded in 1612, for the of paupers, and is so called because its chapel was dedi- cated to ffotre-Dame de la Piiid. In 1657, it was appro- priated as an asylum for the children of beggars. It af- terwards was opened for the reception of orphans and foundlings, who, during the Revolution, were calkd dlhves delapatiie. In 1809, these children wa« re- moved to the asylum in the rue St.-Antoine, and the H6pital de la Piti^ was annexed to the Hdtel-Dieu. Tke buildings are spacious, and the church is large, consist- ing of two naves. This hospital contains 900 beds. The
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b6pitil de la charity, etc.
dmmes rtUgfaue$ de SL-Thomas^e-yiUeneuve a iipoD the pKlients. The dajs for visiting patient 'fhimdays and Sundays, but strangers may enter c by aj^lying to the ageni de survemance.
HOPITAL DE LA GHARITE, JVb.45, rue Jacob. This hospital was founded in i6i3, by Mary de dicis, for a religious community called Frdres c Charitd^ who were all surgepns or apothecaries, an< only afforded corporeal relief to the sick, but ass tl&em in their spintaal duties. A new ward and po were erected in 1784 ; the latter, adorned with Jnmns of the order oiPestum^ is in the rue des Sa Pdres, and f^ftrmerly served as an entrance to the pital, but is now closed. The courts are spacious airy, and there are several gardens in which the pat are aUowed to walk. The days for visiting the pat are Thursdays and Sundays, but strangers are adm dally. During the Revolution, this establishment the title of Hospice de rUniidy but about i5 years ; it resumed its former name of Hdpital de la ChariU the church of this hospital a cunical medical sc has been established. It contains 4^0 beds, inc ing those belonging to the clinical school. The i diseases arc treated here as at the H6tel-Dteu and Hdpital de la Piti^. The saeurs de SL-FincerU-de-F attend upon die patients.
HOPITAL ST.-ANTOINE, No* 206, mo du faubourg St.-Antoine. The abbey of St.-Antoine having been suppressc 1790, thu hospital was established in the building a decree of the Convention^ dated a8 Niv6se, An Uj nuary 17th, 1795). The structure is modern, it hs been rebuilt in 1770, after the designs of Lenoir Ic main. A new ward was constructea in 1 799. The i ber of beds is a6o. The patients here are of the daw as at the H6tel-Dieu. They are attended b]
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36o HOSPITALS :
sours de Sie.-Marthe, The days for visiting the pt- tients are Sundays and Thursdays, but strangers are ad- mitted every day.
HOPITAL COCHIN,
N^o, 45, rue dufaubourg Su-Jacques. This building was originally called Hospice de Si.- Jacques-du-Haui'Pas . Its construction, 'vrbich is doe to the beneficence of M. Cochin, rector of St.-Jacqnes- du-Haut-Pas, was begun in 1780 and finished in 1782, after the designs of Viel. Two aged persons, a man and a woman, the most respectable among the poor oC t]he parish, laid the first courses of the columns of the por* tico. For this ceremony, the tools which Louis XIV used when a child, in laying the first stone of the Vai- de-Gr^ce, were brought from that mouastery. This building is i44 feet in length, and ii in breadth. TVie kitchen, dispensary, baths, and refectories, are on the ground-fioor. On tlie first-floor is a chapel tenninated by a cupola; it serves as a vestibule to two spacious rooms which extend on each side ; two smaller rooms are placed in the pavilions. The distribution of the Se- conal floor is similar, with the exception of the chapel, which rises to the height of both storeys. Several gal- leries, contrived in the different storeys, form a covered communication between all the parts of the building, the plan of which is happy. M. Cochin intended this hospital merely for his own parishioners, but patients are now received into it from all paiis of the capitaJ. The diseases treated here are the same as those at the H6tel-Dieu. The number of beds is iSo. The sceurs de Ste.-MarAe attend upon the patients. This esta- blishment may be visited by strangers daily .
HOPITA^ DE MADAME NECKER,
iVo. 5, rue de Sevres.
This house was formerly a convent of Benedictine
nuns, wh6 quitted it about the year 1 776, and joined
the general convent of their order. It remained unoc*
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h6pit1l BEAuioir. 36 1
id till 17791 when, at the sugcestion of thf' wife of celebrated minister Necker, Louis XVI assi(rned s to convert it into an hospital, of which M^tdiime ier passed for the foundress, althou^ she afrorded lecuniary assistance towards its estahushmen t. The >ital at first took the name of Hospice de StSulpiee M GroS'CaiUou. During the Revolution the Scmrs I Charitdy who had the care of the patients^ remiiined le institution, which they supported at their own snse ; it was then called Hospice de FOuesi, hni for e years has home the name of its reputed foimdre<tB. ; cases admitted here are the same as those treated He BMel-Dien. The numher of heds is ijo, in- ling 13 specially devoted to persons afflicted vi ith the le, upon whom it is intended to perform the opera- : of crushing the calculus in the hladder, lifter the em invented by Dr. Giviale. Unfortunately the ds of this establishment are low and far from airy, the utmost deanhness and order prevail. The cha-
which is remarkably neat, possesses two fine sta- i of Aaron and Melchizedek, in marble, which were ghtfor i,aoo fr. by the respectable lady who auper- nds the hospital, of an individual who discovert n in the mround when digging for the foundations
house. In the room of the Sceurs delaCha ritd are i;raits of Madame Necker and Madame de St^el, ^nd a iii^ representing the foundation of the hospita \ . Per- sion is given to visit this establishment.
HOPITAL BEAUJON, JYo. 54, rue du faubourg du Roule, rhis hospital was founded in 1704, by Nichobs Bean- , receiver-general of the finances,'^ for 24 orphans of parish du Roule, 13 boys and 12 girls, for whose sup- t he endowed it with an annuity of ao,ooo livies a decree of the Convention, dated January 17, 1-79:1, B orphan asylum was converted into an hospital fot- > gick, and took the name of Hdpital du Rmile. The
* See ehapelle de Beaujon, p. 78. 3i
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cotmcii-geaeral of hospitals have restored it to its name, but not to its primitive destination. The ] Beaujon was built after the designs of Girardin. different parts are well d:«tjijirnted, solidly bui tastefully decorated. The I hIiiut Is (jfifr^l in ] by 1 44 in depth, without idcludiii^i; Uie jjardt consists of a ground-floor, two stom s .ibove^ aad £ in the roof; and contains i6o beds for rhi' ^ck oi sexes. The ground-floor is devoiini to c^m^^ik^ the kitchen, refectories, baths, anil uflices ; ^ i storeys are divided into wards for iJn' sick. T^ presents no decoration except an eiilal>Uture; tS trance is formed by an arcade. This liospiiai is oc amongst private houses, and the ditlVrcnt store] not sufficient elevation. The patieiils me of lb class as those at the H6tel-Dieu, and aiv? alienda) Sceurs de Ste.-Marihe . The days fo i a 1 1 1 1 1 i it i ng tl lie are Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays, but rta may visit it every day.
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HOPITAL DES ENFANS MALAI>ES, iVb. 3, rue de Seun-s,
Upon this spot there existed a cliarity-SLhool. Maison de VEnfant-J^suSy which uas pint -has 1732, by Languet de Gergy, rector (if St.-SiUpit opened for the reception of poor gii 1:^ am! sick \ of his parish . It was afterwards, con vi ■ r I ud into a for the daughters of poor nobleniun In i8u house was formed into an hospital Iw sick chi The salubrity of the air and the ext* iishx^ walks t bute greatly to the speedy convalescenc*^ of the patients. It contains 56o beds. The children a mitted from a to i5 years of age. Gratuitous ad also given to sick children in the neighbourhood. Dames de St.^Thomas-de-Villeneuve attend upc patients. Sti*angers are allowed to visit this hosp
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u6pital ST.-Loiirs.
.363
HOPITAL ST.-LOUIS, Ab. 2, mm St.- LomSf faubourg du Temple, The plague or some * ;r contagious ditetw pre* railed at I^ris in 1606, . . at that period the Hotel- >iea was so incommodioas and ili-managed that it served ■adier to propagate the contacion than to arrest its pro- p^esB. The bureau de la yiUe t^ppresented to president iarlay the urgent necessity of a separate hospital for ontagious diseases. Henry IV, in 1 007 , assigned fonds or the constroction and support of a new hospital ; and n July 1 3th, in the same year, the king laid the first stone »f the chapel . The designs were furnished by ViMefaux, IT Claude Chatillon. This edifice, which presents a nagmficent specimen of the architecture of the period f its erection, was finished in four years, but was not pened for patients till the year 1619, when the plague rrevailed at Paris. The title of Hopital St.^Louis was liven to it, because that monarch died of the placue off [*nni8, August a5th, 1 a^o. The severe winter of 1 70^, Ad the distress occasioned by it, having given rise to dif- erent diseases, and particularly to scoi^butic affections, he buildings were repaired and enlarged for the recep- ion of the numerous patients. At tbe time of the con- truGtion of this hospital, it was at a distance from any opulous quarter ofthe capital; and to prevent moi^ ef- ?ctually the communication of contagious diseases, the rchitect surrounded it with a court 100 feet wide, en> losed within lofty walls. The hospital forms a paral- fiogram of 36o yards by a4o, and thus has a superficies r 139,600 feet. Round a court more than :>oo feet niare, serving as a walk for the patients, are four large ues of building, containing, on die ground-floor, eig^t >oms and eight pavilions. The rooms are eadi i44 et in length by a 4 in breadth, and 1 1 in heicht ; ley are divided into two parts by a range of pillars hich support the ceilings. The eight pavilions are in le middle and at the extremity of the fronts ; they are ich about 33 feet square, and are vaulted at the same nght as the rooms. Two of these pavilions contain aircases ; two contain chapels ; two are warming-rooms ;
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and two serve as vestibules . The first story has the nmc extent as the ground-floor ; but it is much higher. Hie court between the outer wall and the ho^itaTb pbnted with trees, and connected with buildings which coatan the apartments of the persons attached to the hospilai, the ddpdU^ and magazmes. Near them are ponips, cis- terns, and various c&pendencies. A great space is em- filoyed in gardens and courts with the kitcbeos and of- fices, and fodgingB for the persons employed in them. . Victuals brought to the patients by their friends ire not allowed to be carried within the court, but areoome^ to them by means of a tour^ or turning-box, placed ma pavilion. In one of the courts is a bust of Hemy IV . On the side of the principal front is an orchard and i botanical garden, separated by a court which leads to the chapel. The chapel b so disposed, that struigen may enter the nave, and the patients the choir, vntbwt communicating with each other. These regulatioitt re- specting the non-communication of persons withtbe inmates of the hospital are, however, only acted upon in case of violent contagious diseases.
An important part ot this establishment is the batbs, which are on a large scale. The common baths, and those for the application of alkaline and other solutions, amounting in all to 70, are disposed in two large rooms. The general vapour-bath consists of a small room, having on one side a flight of steps for the patients to sit upon. The vapour rises through an oi)ening in the floor. From 10 to DO patients may take this baUi at the same time. On each side is a dressing-room in a proper state of tem- perature. In an adjoining room are, a shower-bath, a vapour-bath, and a partial vapour4>ath, the vapour being applied by means of a tube, the orifice of which may he diminished or enlarged at pleasut*e. In another part of this hospital is the sulphurated vapour-bath, which can contain 1 1 patients at once. There is also a single batli of this kind, and another for partial fumigations, by which the fames of mercury or other substances may he applied to the face or other parts without being in^^M These baths are appropriated to tiie use of the male and female patients on alternate days -, and may be i^newed
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A many times in the day as circumstances require. Thii lospital has ever retained its original destination, and ^erally contains a great number of persons affected ivith cutaneous diseases. The success obtained in their sreatment, however, by the means adopted in this hos- )ital, does not appear greater than elsewhere. At the Elevolution it was named Hospice du Nord, but it has Eince resumed the name of St. -Louis. There are ySo teds in this hospital. At night it is liehted up with ;a8. The Dames de SL-Augustin attend upon the pa- tents .• Strangers may visit the hospital by applying to he porter.
HOPITAL DES V^NERIENS, iVb. 39, ruedes Capueintf fauboMWg Su-Jaeques.
This hospital, for venereal cases, is established in the incient convent of the Gapucins, who, in 178 1, re- moved firom it to a new convent, rue St.-Groix, Chauss^e I'Antin, now the College Bourbon. In 1784, the building were converted into XheHSpiUddes FSn^riens. [t contains 65o beds. Persons of both sexes are treated in this hospital, as well as infants who derive this dread- ful disease from their parents. Gratuitous advice and medicines are afforded to patients who prefer remaining It their own houses. It is more difficult to obtain ad- mission into this establishment than most other hospi- tals, but less strictness is observed towards strangers than others.
MAISON ROYALE DE SANTE, iVb« 112, rue du faubourg St.-Denii. This hou!4f^ Av as opened in 1803, by the Admimstm^ ion des Hopitaux et des Hospices ^ for the reception of nvaLids in middling circumstances, who pay a daily um according to toe accommodation they receive, as allows: viz. In rooms containing 12 or i\ beds, nfr. ^o c. i in those with three or four beds, 3fr. 5oc. A ooin for a woman, 5fr. A room for a man, 6 fr. I" h.\s char^'e evrry thing, even vapour-baths, minernl
3i.
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366 hospitals:
waters, etc. is included. Lying-in women are ibo re- ceived here.
MAISON D'ACCOUCHEBIENT, Ao. 3, rue dm la Bourhe. This hospital, which occaptes the buldinfls of tiie abbey of Port-Royal, was converted into a taaoiMng hospital shortly after the dissolution of the BMmaileries at tiie Revolution. Poor pregnant wonen ^^eie dso admitted here to lie in, as well as into tbe Honitai, now Hospice des Enfans-Trouv^, in the rue d'Enrer. TUs hospital then bore the name of Hospice de la M&tentiii. In i8i4, the hospital in the rue d'Enfer was devoted to foundlings exclusively, and that in the rue de la Bourbe became a lying-in hospital. The church, which is that of the ancient abbey, was built in 1646, after the designs of Antoine Le Pautre, and is much adnnred. Any pregnant woman in distress is admitted inlo this house, where she is carefnUy attended to and detivcied by women . Linen, and even garments, if necessary, are iumished to the patients, who leave the hospital at the end of nine days, unless ordered to the contrary by the medical attendants. The women, upon leaving thb hospital, may keep their children, or send th«m to the Foundling Hospital. In the former case the clothing necessary for the infants is given to them. The number of beds is 35o, and that of patients received anmially nearly 3ooo. In this hospital there is a school ^€ic-' coucnementy to afford instruction in midwifery to women who come from the depaitments. The pr^ect<i are required to send annually one or more pupils, for each of whom 600 fr. are paid to the institution. The pupils are lodged and boarded, and each receives a sura snflicient to buy such books as are necessary. At the end of the year, the pupils are examined by a commis- sion of ph3rsicians and surgeons, who distinbute (yolc and silver medals, and books to the pupils, according U their attainments. This establishment mav l)e ^isited b- sti^angers.
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HOSPICE DE LA SALP^TRIERE. 36?
HOSPICE DE LA VIEILLESSE, or LA SALPfeXRIERE, Boulevard de CHSpitaL
The civil w»r which prevailed during the minority of Louis XrV had drawn to Paris so great a number of beggpirs, that some historians carry it to 4o,ooo. By in edict of April 27, i656, the establishment of a q^ral hospital for their confinement was ordained. iiixtensiTe baildings, previously occupied as a saltoetre nannfactory, were granted for that purpose, and Liberal truant was charged to make the necessary alterations.
The H6pital de la Sdp^tri^re is 1,680 feet in length, and 1 , 164 in breadth ; its superficies are 108,640 square yards ; and all its arrangements are on a grand scale. I'he principal front to the north-west is above 600 feet tn length, and is situated at the bottom of a court which lerves for a promenade. A vestibule, formed of thrw- ircheS) decorated with four Ionic c<^umns, and sur- mounted by an attic, leads to the church on the side open to the pnbUc. To the richt and left four pavilionfi teiminate the wings, in which are dormitories ; threi' rows of windows fortn the sole •decoration of thew buildings, which are pierced in the middle by an arch ftumiounted by a projecting body. The building to thr ?a8(t is the most ancient; it was constructed at the ex- pense of Cardind Bfazarin, whose aiTns, supported by Hope and Charity, are above the entrance. Behind these bdildings, at the distance of 11*1 feet, were to have been two similar ones, but one only has yet been con- itntcCed. The church, built after the designs of Liberal Bruant, is in the centre of this space, which it divides into two courts. The plan of the church is circular, it is 60 feet in diameter, and is surmounted by an octago- aal dome. The interior is pierced with eight arches, which communicate to four naves, each 60 feet in length, and to four chapels. Tliese naves and chapehs, clisposed in radii^ open into the centre of the church, where the high altar is placed. The gardens and court ji ii-e very extensive.
The hospital was opened in 1657, and the number of paupers admitted was very great. In i66a it amounteU
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368 HOSPITALS S
to 9 or 1 0,000 ; and as a great nraltitiide of pai^ienc from the provinces to Paris to beg, orders were |^fen for them to be distributed in the booses depenooit upon the Hdpital de la Salp^trite. These booses were those de k Piti^, deScipion, etc. Since that time the nomber of besgars has sometimes been 8,000, This immense establishment is now exdosively apprD|»iated to the reception of women, who are divided into five classes, viz :— i . Reposans, or aged servants of the hos- pitals; a. infirm, or 80 years of age; 3. those no years of age, or afflicted with incorable woonds ; 4* ™^ *^> 5. epileptic persons and lunatics. The totid number ol inmates, incloding servants, is nearly 7,000.
The part allotted to lunatics does not seem to have been built on a regular plan, but at different pe- riods, as occasion required. The raving mad are kei^ separate from the more tranquil lunatics. The whose number of insane in this hospital on the itXd Janusryi i8a5, was 184^2. The greatest mildness is adopted u the treatment of the patients ; and whoever may insped this establishment, cannot fail to be pleased with ^ manner in which it is conducted and the attention which is paid to the patients. Those who manifest a propensity to self-destruction are placed in ^e in- firmary, where they are more immediately under the eyes of the attendants. There are no chains or whips to be met with : '' La France," says a gentleman, '^donne au monde civilis^ I'exemple de plus de miUe ali^n^ de tout Age, de tout sexe, de tout tot, de tout caract^re, dirig^, contenus, et traits sans coups et sans chalnes."
Stranfisers visiting this establishment should not €giil to inquire for the pharmacy, the kitchen, the pantry, the work-rooms, the wash-house, the linen-house^ and the market. Women attached to the hospital will condod them to the difierent parts, for which a small ite is given.
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HOSPICE DE BICETRE. ^69
HOSPICE DE LA VIEILLESSE, oa SIC^TRE.*
This hospital is situated in the parish of Gentilly, at the distance of half a league from the barri^re d'ltalie, on the west of the high road irom Paris to Fontaine- blean.J An ancient estate, called la Grange aux Queux or aux Cuuiniersy was purchased by John bishop of Winchester, who built there, in iio^^ a chateau, which was named ChSUeau de fVincestrCy from whence came Bichesire^ Bicestre, BicStre, Philip-le-Bel confiscated this estate in 1394, and several of his successors held possession of it. It was to this chateau that the duke of Berry retired with the duke of Orleans when the league was formed against the due de Bourgogne. The duke of Berry, to whom the chateau belon^d in the beginning of the i5th century, gave it, in 1 4x6, to the chapter of Notre-Dame, of whom Louis XUI bought it in loSa, and erected upon its site an hospital for military invalids, which took the title of Commanderie de Si.-LouU. It contained a chapel dedicated to St. John. Louis Xiy having built the H6tel des Invalides, this house was annexed to the general hospital de la Salp^ tri^re.
Bic^tre is happily situated on lofty ground, and the air is better than in most of the hospitals of Paris. Great difficulty was experienced in obtaining a supply of water, as the cpantity required for so vast an establish- ment was very considerable, and it possessed none but what had to be brought from the Seine. This inconve- nience was removed by the ingenuity of art. In 1755, BofTrant, a skilful architect, sunk at Bic^tre a well, which, isy its depth and breadth, and the simplicity
* Tbe name of Bieitre has become odious in consecpience of Its havingj after the example of this establishment, been nvcn to several prisons in the departments. The old men, and sucn luna- tics as nave nearly recovered their reason, manifest a strong aversion to remain at Bicdtrc, which they would not feel if it bore another name. Hence the administration have caused a Cablet bearing the inscription Hospice de la F'ieiUeiset to be placed over tne principsl entrance : but it would be difficult to eradicate its ancient name. - $ See BicivRB, EnviaoNS or Paris.
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370 HOSPITALS :
of the machinery by which the water is raised, is cer tainly the most remarkable in France, though inferioi to several in other parts of Europe. It is i5 feet ii dtameter and 166 feet deep. It is sunk in the rock and constantly contains i5 feet depth of water. Thi well is in a building, to the left of which is the ma cliine for raising the water, and to the rieht the re servoir for receiving it. Two large buckets ascent altOL ti;itely, in Che space of five minutes, and famish twc lunvilred of these huge pails of water per day. "When tlio pail reaches the reservoir, it is turned over by a book and emptied into the reservoir, which will con- tain 4f *>oo hogsheads : it is constructed of solid masonry with vaults supported by massive pillars. The water i conveyed by pipes to different parts of the establishment The machine is a large wheel formerly set in motion h four horees, but now worked by 24 paupers, who re ceivc for their labour six sous each ana an extra-portio of biiead. Their labour endures for two hours. Whe tliey hear the water emptied into the reservoir they tur in another direction, in order to let down the empt pji] and bring up the full one. Besides the great we! tbei^ is a smaller one, called le Petit PuitSj which i used when the other is under repair. It is 166 feet i depth, and has constantly 11 feet of water. Tlie wat€ h iMtsed by fom* men, 'who work the machinery upo the same principle as the trcad-mills in England.
Tiie Hospital of Bic^tre is now devoted to a threefol jiujpof^e; it is an asylum and workhouse for indiger men, a lunatic asylum, and a prison. The plan of Bi cctro, with the exception of some additions, presents square of about 900 feet on each side, which contain th[-tM* principal courts; the first serves for an entranc from tlie Fontainebleau road ; in the second are, on th fvQuth^ a plain church and the prison; and on the nort] tlu' infirmary ; the opposite side looks to a garden sui roimded by low buildings occupied by infirm old men TUe third cornet presents some irregular buildings, ii which arc placed the lunatics ; but a new division calLf d ies Nouvelles Colonnes, from its being ornaments with columns, was constructed in iSia, at an expens
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HOSPICE DE BICETRE. 3<J 1
of 400,000 fr. ; it coasisU of two piles separated from eadi other by a small gaixka. The columns support an entablature and form to each pile a peristyle, wnere the lonatics walk when the weather prevents them from tak- ing air in the garden. The indigent and infirm old men occupy the greater part of the building. They have no prii^te rooms, but there are large rooms with work- shops and dormitories, as also several gardens and court- yards §or exercise. The greatest cfeanliness prevails in every part of the establishment.
Those who work are chiefly employed as shoe-makers stocking - manufacturers, and tailors. They receive trillinfi wages, part of which is expended in procuring them better food, and the rest is given to them when they leave the asylum. They also make many pretty articles in wood and bone, and sell all the productions of their industry to the tradesmen of Paris; for it is a rule at Bic^tre, that nothing made in the boose should be purcbased by the inmates, but every thing they want is bought at Paris. The workshops are narrow galleries, but it is in contemplation to build others more spa- cious and convenient. The indigent are well-clothed, and in general appear satisfied with their treatment. Their daily allowance of food is a portion of soup, a pound and a Quarter of bread, four ounces of meat for dinner, vegetables or cheese at night, and a Quarter of a pint of wine. At the age of 70 they have a aouble por- tion of wine ; and when they have been 3o years in the house, they receive a double allowance of every kind. The class of persons called reposansstre such servants of the hospital as are unable to work. They are treated the same as the other paupers, except that they go out Tvhen they please, and are allowea a small^chest of drawers and curtains to their beds.
When sick, the paupers are removed to the infirmary, v^faere every attention is paid to them, and they have beds with curtains. There is a dispensary belonging to the establishment, and extensive beds in the gaitlen for common medicinal herbs. There is also a post- office dependent on the general post-office at PaiMs. The linen for the paupers and lunatics is kept in a
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372 HOSPITALS:
long gaJkry. It consists of 3o,ooo pair of sbeets, ao the same nomber of shirts, caps, etc. The sheets an changed monthly, and the shirts weekly.
There are 3,aoo beds destined for the indigent, wli being mostly aged persons, are treated with uie i dae to their years and misfortunes.
The most afflicting spectacle in the interior of this I vast establishment is the Iwiatics, 700 m nomber; who have in general the same allowance as the paaperi, bat more bread is given them on account of Idieir greater appetite. They are never chained or beaten, fart when dangerous are confined with a strait-jacket and Mi np. In the Nouvelles Coionnes are placed the convalesoeDts, with those lunatics whose cases are not oonsidcrcd des- perate, and who undergo a regular treatment. Great cai% is taken to keep those who are raving mad ormis- chievous out of the si^t of the quiet and oonvalesoenf, in order that their minds may not be afiecied. These unfortunate persons are divided into five classes, vu.— 1 . the ravine mad ; a. the idiots ; 3. the inciiraUe; 4*^ epileptic ; S. the convalescent. The lunatic division of the hospital is kept perfectly clean, except the cells of the raving and the idiots, where it is impossible to main- tain cleanliness ; the bedsteads are of iron, and the rooms warm and well adapted to their use. The baths and pumping, which are common to the lunatics and the sick, are upon an extensive scale ; and pumping is never applied but in the presence of a physician. This hos- pital costs the country about 85o,ooo fr. a year. This part of the asylum contains some extraordinary lunatics, such as the pretended Dauphin, M. Lef(&vre, formerly mayor of Rouen, etc.
All culprits condemned in Paris to detention were formerly sent to Bic^re to pass the term of their im- prisoiunent; but since an attempt made by some oCthe prisoners, in i SaS, to set fire to the buildmg, the nam- oer has been greatly reduced, and few are now sent here except such as are condemned to death or to be sent to the galleys. When orders are given for a band of those condemned to the milleys to be sent off to Toulon, Rodie- fort, Lorient, or Brest, iron collars are riveted round
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H08PICB DE BtcftTEB ^']3
their necks, and 16 are chained together two by two ; this is what is called a cordon; and the whole of the cordons form a cfudne. Before they set out they are stripped and searched. The convicts are either in upper rooms, called cabanons (by the vulgar gaUanons), or imder rooms, called cachots blancs. The calwnons are i5o in number, each containing from two to six beds ; the prisoners sleep upon straw, except such as pay the pistole, or 2 fr. a month, for which a mattress and a second blanket are given to them. The cachots blancs are cells on the ground floor, which receive light and air from a small window at the top ; they are used for cri- minals condemned to execution, who have a bed given them and are better fed than the other prisoners ; they also serve for such convicts as create a disturbance, but these are not confined in them for more than two days, except upon an order from the prefect of police, who can extend the punishment to a month. The cachots noirs^ or subterranean cells, are now only used as cellars. Those condemned to death in Paris, and transferred to Bic^trc, await the result of their appeal to the Court of Cassation. If this appeal be rejected and the royal meri^ be not extended to tliem, Uiey are taken, on the day nxed for their execution, from Bic^tre to the Con- ciergerie, at an early hour in the morning, and from thence to the place de Gr^ve, where the execution generally takes place about four o'clock in the after- noon
The number of prisoners at Bicltre varies consider- ably; at one period we found them 1,100, and at ano- ther only 564 ; among them were 1 00 juvenile offenders, some of whom were not more than eight years of age ; but these are kept entirely separate from tibe older and more hardened culprits. Those who work on account of the prison have meat twice a week, and vegetables on the other. days, in addition to the common fare of bread and water.
That part of the establishment appropriated to paupers is open daily to the public. The prison cannot be visited without an order from M. le Secretaire de laPrSfecture Ae Police, which must be applied for by letter. A simi-
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$74 HOSPITALS :
lar oinler is required to visit the luoaitics, but strangers may obtain admission by af^lying to the keeper.
INFIRBIERIE DE MARIE-THERteE,
iVb. 86, rue ePEnfer. This small but neat and commodious hospital fras founded by the viscountess de Chateaubriand, in Odxh- ber, 1819, and derives its name from the DaapliioesSy who has become its protectress. It is governed by a council of I a members, among whom are the archbishop of Paris, president; the prince de Polignac, the visoonat de Cliateaubriand, the duke de Damas, and the oomA de Chabrol. The persons received here are sick eccle- siastics, till they are restored to health, or, when aged or infirm, for life ; sick seminarists, when in holj orders ; and sick or infirm ladies, the former till they are restored, and the latter for life, when yo yean of age. Two places, one for a priest and the other for a lady, are reserved for the Dauphiuess to fill up when they become vacant. This institution being destined to persons who have moved in respectable society, the furniture, linen, food, etc. are greatly superior to what are found in common hospitals. The inmates, who consist of foreigners as well as natives of France, are attended by the Sosurs de St.-Vinceni'de-Ptud. The infirmary is supported by voluntary contributions, and the sale of chocolate, syrups, orange-flower water, etc. of excellent quality.
HAISON D*ENGHIEN, iVb. 8, rue de Picpus. This small hospital, called after the unfortunate dake whose name it bears, was founded by his mother, the duchess of Bourix>n, in 1819. Since the death of that princess it has been supported by Mademoiselle d'Or- leams, sister of the royal duke. The building is not de- void of elegance ; its situation is airy, and the utmost cleanliness and comfort prevail in the establishment. It conUins 5o beds, of which 18 are for women. The SceursdeSt.'Finceni^d^Paul attend upon the inmates.
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NOPITAL LEPaUfCE, ETC. 37$
HOPITAL LEPHINGE,
Ifo, 45, rue St.'Dominigue au Gros-Caillou.
This small hospital was founded in 1 8 19, in execution
of the will of M. Leprince, who bequeathed a sum for
that pnqx>fle. It contains ao beds. The Soeurs de
la Charitd attend the patients.
HOPITAL DES GARDES BU ROI, Rmic Blanche, This is a spacious house, converted into an hospital for the king's body-^ards.
HOPITAL MIUTAIRE DE LA GARDE ROYALE. Hue SU'Dominique au Gros-Caillou. This vast hospital was founded by the duke de Biron in 1 765, for the French guards, and i ,5oo beds can be madfe up in it if necessary.
HOPITAL MILITAIRE DU VAI^DE-GRACE, JVb. 277, nw du faubourg Su-Jaegues. The buildings of this hospital formed a convent of nuns, who were originally estabhshed at tfaeVal Profond, near Bi^vre le Gh4tel, three leagues from Paris; but transferred to the capital in 163 1 , by Anne of Austria, consort of Louis XJII. The community were at first lodged in the house called H6tel-du-Petit^Bourbon, in the faubourg St. -Jacques. A few years after this new establishment, the nuns began to build a regular monas- tery, of which the queen laid the first stone in i6^i, and contributed about one half of the expense. The queen, having been married aa years without issue, made vows in a great number of churches and chapels, and amonff others in that of the Val-de-Grdce, where she promised to build a church, if her desire to give an heir to the throne should be realised. At length, on the 6th of September, i658, she gave birth to a prince, afterwards Louis XIV. After the death of Louis XJH, the queen determined to fuHil her vow. On the 1st of
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April, 1645, Louis XTV, then seven years old, lad
first stone of the church with great pomp. The
brated Francis Mansart furnished the plans, and a
intended the execution of the building for some
t . but having loA the queen's favour, it was entrust
* J facques Lemercier, and subsequently to tHerre Le
' and Gabriel Leduc. The building is one of the
re^^ular erected in the 17th century. The po
raised on a flight of 16 steps, is formed of eight G
thian columns, crowned by a pediment ; it was
, merly ornamented with marble statues. The iol
' possesses a character of Grandeur which gives it a
' ^ rank among sacred edifices. It is ornamented
1 fluted Corinthian pilasters of fine proportions, an<
I marble pavement is divided into compartments cc
' ' ponding with those of the roof. In the vaulted n>
the nave are medallions representing the Yirgiii, St.
chim, St. Joseph, St. Zachary, St. Elizabeth, smd
Anne.
The hich altar is surmounted by a magnificent ca supported by six spiral columns of grey marble, bases, capitals, and foliage of bronze gilt. Four a placed on the entablature of the columns hold cec and from palm-branches resting on the same entabl are suspended small angels witib scrolls bearing ins tions. The whole is terminated by a globe and < On columns on each side of the altar are two beai circular pictures; one representing the conversii St. Paul, and the other St. Martin as the patron oi diers. At the foot of the altar is a fine specim< mosaic work, presenting the initials of Anne of Au surmounted by a crown.
The painting of the dome, in fresco, upon ston Mi||nard, contains more than two hundred figui colossal proportions, and represents the glory of ven. It is the largest work of the kind in Europe, the upper line is the Lamb that was slain surrounds adoring angels; and the candlestick with sevenbran< Above, an angel bears the book sealed with seven a in which the names of the elect are written. The borne and supported by angels is seen in the air;
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HdPITlL MILITAEfiE DU VAL-DE-GRlCE. 877
oa each side are groups of saints, with their attributes, apostles, martyrs, confessora, etc., who contemplate the divine majesty. Clouds, upon which are the three persons of the Trinity, occupy the centre. The Father, in his eternity and infinite power, sti^tches out his right hand and holds the globe in his left; the Son pre- sents to his Father the elect whom he has given to him ; and the Holy Ghost, under the figure of a dove, is be- neath the Father and the Son. The Trinity is sur^ rounded by a circle of light which illuminates the whole picture. Angels, ai^angels, seraphim, cheru- bim, martyrs, confessors, etc. surround the Divinity. The Virgin Mary, accompanied by Mary Magdalen and holy women, kneels near the cross. In the lower part is queen Anne of Austria, ofiering to God the model of the edifice she has just erected. The dome is also ornamented with bas-reliefs of the four evangelists.
Behind the high altar is a chapel called the Chapelle du Si.Sacrament, embellished with the figures of four Fathers of the Church, in bas-relief, and a picture of the Lord's Supper. In the nave is the Chapelle de la MsurrecUorij ornamented with a fine altar-piece re- presenting Christ rising from the dead.
The church was finished and dedicated in i665, and was then destined to receive the hearts of the princes and princesses of the royal family. The chapel of St. Anne, on the left, hung with black velvet and armorial bearings in silver, had a platform surmounted by a rich canopy, where they were long exposed. In 1696, Louis XIV ordered the hearts to be deposited in a vault beneath the dome, except that of Anne of Austria his mother, and the duke of Orleans his brother, which remained in the chapel.
Under Napoleon, the convent of the Vat-de-GrAce was converted into a military hospital.
The church, after the Revcdution, became a general magazine for the efi*ects of military hospitals. In i8a6 it was repaired and restored to divine worship. Stran- gers cannot visit the hospital -, but they may enter the church cverv day.
3a.
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378 HOSPITALS 2
HOP1TAL MIUTAIRE DE PICPUS,
iVo. 19, rue de Picpus. This hospital is dependent upon the preceding.
MAISON ROYALE DE CHARENTON. This hospital, for insane persons <^ both sexes, was founded at Gharenton in 16449 by the minister Sebaftien Leblanc, but was afterwards formed into a boardings house by the^/«5 dela Chaniiy for the cure of lunaqr. In 1 707, it was converted by the government into an asy- lum for the especial reception of 400 lunatics whMe cases admit a hope of cure ; but, nevertheless, others are received whose state <^ insanity excludes all hope. The mode of treatment adopted here is entirely new. Sath patients as are calm are admitted to the table of ^di- rector; and in the evening they meet in a drawing- room, where there are cards, draughts, and other gunes for their recreation, and sometimes even concerts. They are allowed to walk in the gai^en, to play at billiards, and to read books of history, travels, etc. This treat- ment is said to have succeeded in many cases. The si- tuation of the house is salubrious, the air is pure, and there are bowers and wtlks in which the patients can indul^ in solitude and meditation. A new pile of building, fronting the south, consisting of a central pro- jection and a wing, was*erected in 1 800. The chambers and dormitories are spacious, well lighted, airy, and desm ; the furniture is of wood, except the bedbteads, which are of iron. The passages are wanned by means of cast-iron pipes, fixed under the floor. This division is occupied by female convalescents. Another wing, upon the same plan, is to be constructed on the opposite side. The asylum is under tlie immediate authority of the Minister of the Literior, and the superintendence of a special committee, appointed by the minister. Per- sons are received here gratuitously, and as boarders. The gratuitous admission can only be obtained from the minister, and for a determinate time. — ^There are three
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H05PICBS, ETC. 3^q
classes of boarders, vk. : first, those who pay i ,5oo fr. ind upwards ; the second, 976 fr. ; and the third, 65o fr., including washing. — Lunatics can only be admitted I [>n the presentation of a certtBcate of their birth, u certificate of lunacy, and an order of the prefect of po- lice, or a request of the mayor of the arrondissement or commune in which they reside. This request should be signed by the sub-prefect. Nevertheless, in cases of absolute urgency, lunatics may be received at :>nce, with the obligation that the parents, guardians, :>r relations, immediately fulfil the formalities prescribes! for their admission. Admission is granted every day, at whatever hour the patients may be presented ; but the public are only admitted from nine to four o'clock, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays, into the bureau du directeurj or of the surveiUanUgindral de radmini- stration, to speak to those officers or to the patients. No one is allowed to enter into such parts oif the in- terior of the establishment as are occupied by the pa- tients, but strangers are shdwn the courts and gardens. Lunatics, cured or uncured, are restored to their fami- lies on the permission of the authority which requesteil or ordered their admission.
HOSPICES AJVD BENEVOLENT INSTTTUTrONS-
HOSnCE DRS INCURABLES FEMMES,
iVb. 54, rue de Shares. This house, originally caMeA Hdpital des Incurables, was founded in i634, by cardinal de la Rochefoucault, as appears by an inscription over the door of the churrh. The buildings present nothing interesting in their exter- nal appearance, but are distributed on a plan which wiH bear a comparison with any establishment of the kirnl The chapel is spacious and remarkably neat; it cont'iins three altai*s, handsomely decorated; many pictares, one of which bears the date of i4o4; and an elejjant marble monument in honour of the founder, who is rr presented in a kneeling posture. On each side of th^
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38o H09PICES 1210
church are rooms, destined originally for both meo stad women afflicted with incurable diseases. It has StxS beds, including 5o for children, and is now exclusively devoted to women and female children, who are attended by the Sijsurs de la Chariid, Strangers are allowed to enter.
HOSPICE DES INCURABLES HOUBIES,
JYo. 34, rue det RecoUeU. This hospital, which has a secondary entrance at No. i5o, rue du iaulx>m*g St. -Martin, was established in the ancient convent of the R^collets in 1 802, when the H6- pital des Incurables was appropriated to females only. The buildings are spacious and airy, and have an exten- sive garden attached to them . The number of men and male children admissible into this house is 475. The Sceun de la Charitd also attend here. This establishment may be visited daily.
HOSPICE DES Mi^NAGES,
Ifo. 28, rue de la Chaise. This house was originally a lazaretto for children af- flicted with scorbutic and other cutaneous diseases. Upon the return of Charles Yin from his expedition into Italy, the lazaretto was one of several houses appropriated to his troops, who brought with them the venereal disease. In i554, the old building having been pull^ down, the municipality of Paris bought the ground and materials, and erected an hospital for beggars, old men, idiots, etc., called HdpUaldes Peiiles-Maisons, because the courts were surrounded by small houses. By an or- donnance of October, x 80 1 , this institution was appro- priated exclusively to the aged and infirm, and received the name of Hospice des MdnageSy a name indicative of its object. It is now appropriated to aged persons of both sexes, marned or widowed, who have i-esided in Paris; and contains 160 large chambers for man'ied cou- ples, 100 small chambers for widows and widowers, and i5o beds in tlie dormitories. Eighty of the best cliam-
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ben are reserved for couples 60 and 70 yean of age, who can ^ve 3,Qoo fr. for admission ; the remaining 8e are for couples entirely destitute of resources, one of whom must be 70 and the other at least 60 yean of aee. The 100 smaU chamben are destined for those widows and widowen who are 60 yean old at least, have been mar- ried 20 yean, and can pay i ,600 fr. on admission. Of the nSo beds in the dormitories, i5o are appropriated to such men as have become widowen in the hospital ; of the remaining 100 beds, 5o are for widows and widow- en ; and t^e othen for penons 60 yean of age, who have been married at least 30 yean, and can pay i ,000 fr. on their admission. Each inmate is required to brine a bedstead^ a paillasse, two mattresses, a bolster, two blankets, two pair of sheets, two chain, and a chest of drawen. Each receives a pound and a quarter of bread per day ; the sum of 3 fr. every ten days ; a pound of meat every week;- and a double stire of wooa, and two ^es of charcoal a year. The entrance to this hos- pital is ornamented with a figure of the Virgin and Child; the buildings are plain, but neat and dean, and the garden attached to the institution is extensive. The 5oRi/y^i!0CA4irf^ attend this establishment. Strangera may visit the hospital every day.
ASILE KOYAL DE LA PROVIDENCE, JVb. bO, rue de la ChaussSe-det-Martyn. This establishment, founded in i8o4)hy M. and Mad. Micault de la YieuviUe, was created a royal institution in 1817. It is under the immediate auUiority of the Minister of the Interior, and serves as an asylum for 60 aged or infirm pei*8ons of both sexes, belonging to Paris. Twelve places are gratuitous, of which two are in the nomination of the founden or their families, two are at the disposal of the Minister of the Interior, and eight are filled up by the Provident Society. The othen am for boarders, for each of whom 3ooir., 4oo fr., Soofr., or 600 fr. a year are paid, according to circumstances. Twelve of the latter now belong to the king, and are 'filled up by the minister of his household ; 16 are in the
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nomination of the Provident Society; and 10 in Uiat of the Council of Administration of the Asylum. It has an administrator in chief, and is superintended by a coim- cil, composed of five members, of vrhich the admini- strator is one. A superior and four Somrs de ia Owc- gr^gation des Dames Hospitali^res of the diocese of IVe- vers, manage the household affairs.
INSTITUTION DE SAINTE-PERINE, Grande rue de Chaillot, ••
This house was an ancient monastery, called Abbaje de St. -Purine, which was suppressed in 1790, and in 1806 was converted into an asylum, by M. Duchaila» for aeed persons of both sexes who have a small fortune. The empress Josephine was a great benefactress of this institution. By her, orders the building was enlarged, and the number of beds augmented. Mo person under 60 years of age can enter this establishment. The mode of admission is two-fold — i . by paying annually 660 fr.; a. by paying down a sum in proportion to the age, ac- cording to a fixed standard. Thus, a person 60 3rears of age would pay down 5)269 ^^"» whereas one 103 years old would pay only 800 fr.
Philanthropists may purchase as many places as they please, according to the scale of payment given above. The number admissible is lyS. This institution is at- tended by the Sceurs de la Sagesse.
NAISON DE RETRAITE, or HOSPICE DE LAROGHEFOU. CAULD,
Route d' Orleans, near the barriere d*Enfer, This house, which is now devoted to the reception of old servants of the hospitals, and other aged and infirm persons, was originally established by the freres de im Charitd, under Uie title iAMaison Boyale de Sanid^ for 1 1 soldiers, and the same number of ecclesiastics. The buildings were erected after the designs of Antoine. Du- ring the Revolution it became an hospiUl for the inha- bitants of Bourg-la-Reine and the adjacent villages, and
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took the name of Hos/fice NmtwuU. In 1 802 it was de^ voted to its present purpose, and contains u 10 beds. In- firm persons who are 60 years and upwards, pay 200 fr. a year, and those under that age, ^So fr . Infirm persons, of small fortune, upwards of no years of age, may ti<eat for admission by paying down a sum acconiing to their age, etc., which gradually rises from 700 fr. to i ,600 fr. Ixie house furnishes food, fire, medicines, etc. , and there is a private infirmary. The Sceurs de la Charitd attend this institution, which may be visited by applying to the porter.
HOSPICE DES ENFANS-TROUVES, Hfo. 74, rue dPEnJcr, At a remote period of the history of France, the main- tenance of foundlings was at the charge of the feudal lords. Their progressive increase led, in i55a, to the appropriation of the Hdpital de la Trinity for the recep- tion of deserted children. In 1 5*70, the foundlings were removed from the H^pital de la Trinity to a house in the Ciidy ceded by the chapter of Notre>Dame for a pecuniai^ consideration. The children received into this house, which took the name of Maison de la Couche, were placed daily in a large cradle in the church of Notre- Dame, to excite the public liberality and diminish the expenses of the lords. The foundlings of this estabhsh- ment bein^ dreadfully neglected, a widow lady, residing in the vicmity, received them into her house ; but her servants, weary of their employment, made them an ar- ticle of traffic. This dreadful abuse at length became public, and Vincent-de-Paule, a priest celebrated for his zeal and benevolence, incensed at the abominable traffic in foundlings, procured for them, in i638, a new asylum near the porte St.-Yictor, and engaged the Sceurs de la ChariU to take care of them. The funds for their sup- port being found very inadequate to the object, the su- perintendents of this establishment determined by lot which of the infants should be preserved and fed ; the othen were abandoned. In 1640, Vincent de Paul as- sembled together the saurs who had the care of these
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foundlings, and enjoined them to renotmce the la itsus decision by lot, and to presenc thr lives of al unfortonate children. The zeal of this philanthr in the cause of humanity, renden-fl him superior 1 the Impulses he met with in soliciting conti-ibutions 1 64 1 he obtained of the court an annuity of 3,o<k> 1 for the foundlings, and looo livrc $ for their nurses. 1 644- he obtained an additional an unity of S,ooo li^ audin i648, pai*t of the chateau of Bic^re WEsal request granted for an asylum. In this ch&letia mortality of the children was so gc-cat, that it thought to arise from the coldness of the Atmosp'h tht7 were therefore removed to a hou^ near the vent of St.-Lazare, and the Scsurs de la Chariid charged to take care of them. 7' hi? numl:)er of fo llni^^ gradually increasing, and the i^ venue ancf , be log found very inade<raate to theii- suppoii:, the h menty in 1667, ordained that the seigneurs hauis j ciers should pay annually to this asylum the sum of 1 : livres. Upon the issuing of this decree, the man: of t lie institution determined upon the foi^mation 0I more spacious and commodious est^itilishmeuts . Fc fiTst^ they purchased some houses in the faubourg Antoine, upon the site of which they erecteii an e: sivc hospital.^ The second asylum was e^^tablishc thi-ee smaU houses, at the comer of the rue Neuvt t re-Dame, which the managers purchased of the K Dieu. This asylum was demolished in 1748, and a substantial and convenient structure elected cea iame spot, § after the designs of Hoilraud. Sooa the Revolution, the convent of the Fr^ti^es Je TOral in I he rue d*EnJfer, and the ancient abbey of Port-R in the rue de la Bourbe, were conver'ted into found hospitals, to which the children from tlie two estal ments before mentioned were removed. Hie hou the rue de la Bourbe is now a lying-in hospital ; ^ that in the rue d'Enfer remains appropriated to fc lings. Children ai« admitted he re by day a ml u igli t, i
* Pfow the Hospice dcs Orphelins. SPfow the Bureau Central d*y1dm\ssinn dam fes i tfitix et Hospices.
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mt any inquiry. If they are in good health they are put nt to nurse to peasant women in the country, who re- eive an allowance with them till they are 1 3 years of age . L number of these women, who are called nourrices de ^ampagne^ arrive nearly every day at the hospital, where liey are lodged and boarded for three or four days. [Jpon their arrival their infant charses are assigned to hem, who then occupy cradles by the side of their beds ill their departure, when they take the children with hem in vans belonging to the establishment. To pre- ent abuses, agents of the hospital, c»!i\eApHposds^ make incursions to the country from time to time, to see that he children are well treated and educated. In case the children abandoned to the hospital are weak or ill, they ire placed under the care of nurses attached to the in- stitution, called nourrices sddentairesy in whose hands hey remain till they become strong and healthy, when hey pass with the others to the country nurses. La *r&he^ avast room in which the infants awaiting their leparture for the country are kept, is furnished with a zreat number of cradles, placed in rows; the sick chil> Iren are kept separate from the healthy. The rooms of this establishment are well ventilated ; and at the same ime every means is taken to adapt the temperature to the itate and constitution of the children ; indeed, this hu- nane care is carried to such a pitch, that a kind of wide danting bed is fixed before a large fire, for such infants IS require a great degree of warmth. We should not lo justice to this establishment, or the Sceurs de Fin- Tent-de-Paul^ under, whose management it is placed, vere we not to add that the most admirable order »rf» vails in every part of the house. The criche^ the urLimary, the dormitones of the country nurses, the iinitig-rooms, etc., are extremely clean, and the bed- L.-ingings and coverings of the cradles are of calico, vhite as snow. The carden is very extensive \ and in lie corridor is a magmficent statue of St.-Yincent-de- ^aule^ in white marble, by Stouff. At 12 years of age he children of this establishment are put to some occu- lation or trade, or are transferred to the Orphan Asy- um. The numljer of children annually I'eceivetl into
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386 HOSPICES AKD
the Foundling Hospital is from 5,ooo to 6,000. Any person wishing to bring up a foundling, may have one from the hospital, ongivm^ proper security for its board and education. The facihty afforded by the system of this institution, for the protection of deserted infants, however objectionable in other respects, certainly ope- rates as a powerful check to infanticide. Strangers who visit this' asylum will not omit to notice, by the side o£ the entrance, a box communicating with a room within, into which the mother may place her in£uit and aban- don it, without being known, or even seen.
HOSPICE DES ORPHEUNS, JVo, 124, rue du faubourg SL'AiUoine- This buildinc was originally occupied as a fouocUu^ hospital. At nrst female orphans only were recerrea into this establishment ; but when the Hdpitai de It Piti^ was annexed to the Hdtel-Dieu, the orphans d tbat institution were removed here, and the buildings were disposed so as to keep the sexes separate. The chapd, dedicated to St. Louis, was begun in 1676, the furt stone being laid by queen Maria Theresa of Austria. A fine picture by Lafosse, representing Jesus Christ in- viting little children to come to him, was preserved dur- ing the Revolution by the servants of the hospital, and is now replaced over the altar. Great cleanliness reigns in every part of this establishment. It contains ^5© orphans of both sexes, from the age of two to twelve. They are taught writing and arithmetic ; and at an eariy age the boys are^nt to learn rural occupations, or arc put out apprentices to some trade, and continue imder the protection of the institution till they are of age: the ^rls are taught sewing, embroidery, etc. Hiis Eosfxital IS attended by the Soeurs de SL-VincerU^e-Paul. Ad- mittance may be obtained daily.
HOPlT.\L ROYAL DES QUINZB-VINGTS,
No, 38, rue de Charenton, This hospital for the blind was founded by St. Louis,
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in it26o, in the me St.-Honor^, at the corner of the me St.-Nicaise, where, at that period, there was an exten* give wood. The hospital, from its fit*st institution, com- prehended aveu^s and innrms ; as the wife and fa- mily accompanied the hlind hushand, and the husband and family accompanied the blind wife. There were at that time 3oo blind persons in the Quinze-VingtSy or i5 score as the name indicates, besides sfoytms. "Hiey were placed by their founder under the superintendence of the mrand almoner of France, and had many privileges. A chapter was attached to the church wno held a meeting every Sunday. The single fibres and sceurs mi^t contract marriages, but on condition that it should be with a person not blind. To contract a marriage it was necessary to ask permission of the chapter. If any married without permission they were dismissed.
The Quinze^Fmgts occupied their original habita- tion till i779> when the cardinal de Bohan, grand al- moner of France, removed them to the BSielaes Mous- quetaires noirs, where they still remain. At the Re- volution this institution took the title of Hospice des jiveuglesj and was superintended by a gratuitous and honorary council of five persons; but the revenue was in great part confiscated. In 1 8 1 4, Louis XVni restored to the hospital the revenue which it previously pos- sessed. This institution is still under the government of the grand almoner of France. The number of fa- milies is 5oo, the blind being still received with their families, and encouraged to marry, if single. In a few instances both the husband and wife are blind. A school is attached to the institution for the education of the children. None are admitted but those absolutely Ixyth hlind and indigent, and such are received here from any part of the kingdom. They are lodged, and receive ai sous a day for their food and clothing. The work executed by these unfortunate persons is extremely inte- resting. The chapel of this establishment, dedicated to St. Antoine, was, in i8oa, annexed to the parish of Ste.-1VIarffuerite,asachapel of ease. It is remarkably neat, and possesses a fine picture of St. Louis, when sick of the plague, receiving the sacrament. Attached
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to this establishment are aoo out-door pensionen, whose allowance is iSofr. a year. Strangers are admitted to the hospital daily.
INSTITUTION ROYALE DES SOURDS £T KUETS,
(diaf aud dumb ▲stlum)^
JYo. 254, rue dufavhourg St.^ae^iet.
For this institation, which is highly deserving of a visit from the stranger, France is indebted to the cele- brated Abb^ de r£p£, who, without patronage, andwidi a fortune not exceeding 5oo/. a year, undertook to foun- tain and bring up at his own expense more than 4o deaf and dumb pupils, whom he succeeded in instructing to read and write, to comprehend all the difficulties of ^ammar, and to reduce the most abstract metaphysical ideas to writing. The Abb^ de Tfipee was sca^cdy known in Paris till 1777, when the emperor Joseph U, being in the French capital, visited the Deaf and Dumb School. The ingenious means employed excited the admiration of the emperor, who expressed to the queen of France his surprise that the school should not have received encouragement from Hie government. The queen visited the school, and in November of the follow- ing year a decree was issued whidi authorised its esta- blishment in the buildings of a convent of Cdlestins which had been suppressed. The decree was not car- ried into execution till March, 1 786, at which period an annuity of 3,4oo livres was granted to the institution. The Ai>b^ de I'Ep^ dying in 1790, was succeeded by the Abb^ Sicard, who carried the system of instruction to perfection. During the Revolution this institation was transferred to the buildings of the S^minairede St.- Magloire, rue du faubourg St. -Jacques, where it still continues. The Abbd Sicard died on the 10th of Maj, i8aa. The present director is the Abb^ Borel. The Minister of the Interior is visitor of this institutioo, which is superintended by an honorary council of seven memben. The number of gratuitous pupils is fixed at 80; besides which, 10 are admitted to half-pensions, and 1 o to three quarter-pensions. The number of board- Digitized by Google
B£lfEVOLEST 1IISTITCJTI0N8. 6Q^
ers is unlimited. To be admitted grataitoosly into the institution, the child must be full lo years old, and not exceed i5; and must present a ceilincate from the authorities of his parish, setting foi*th his birth, bap- tism, vaccination, that he is really deaf and dumb, and without the means of paying for education . The pupils of both sexes remain in the institution five or six years, and are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, drawing, engraving, and some trade. The terms for boarders de- pend upon the circumstances of their parents, but the common standard is 900 fr. a year for boys, and 800 fr. for girls. Strangers are admitted from time to time to witness the public exercises, which generally take place once a montti, are highly interesting, and extremely well attended. No one can be present without feeling the most powerful emotions of pity, anxiety, and astonish- ment, mingled with the wannest respect for those through whose unwearied^ skill and philanthropy num- bers of these unfortunate individuals have been put in possession of social and mental enjoyment. Others have been enabled to read and pronounce aloud any sentence written for them, though, of course, being mei^y imi- tation, aud not heard by the utterer, the pronunciation is not correct. This sort of pronunciation is the effect <^ a compelled mechanical exertion of the organs of speech, produced by the instructor's placing his lips and mouth in certain positions,, and appearing to the scholar to make certain motions, who, in endeavourine to imitate such motions^ necessarily utters a souna more or less like that required. The degree of force which it is necessary the scholar should apply to pro- nounce distinctly any word, is regulated by pressing his arm gently, moderately, or strongly. The various spe- cimens shown of the work performed by them are both c^urious and wonderful.
The public exercises do not take place on fixed days, bat are always announced in Gauohaiii's Missbngsi . For tickets of admission, apply by letter (post paid) to Mon^ sieur le Direcieur, at fjie Institution. They may also be obtained by writing the name and address, a few days beforehand, in a book at the porter's lodge.
33.
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IXSTITITIOX UOYALE DES JKUPiES AVE15GL
Tliii iit^titiitioM orj(^ mated iu Uv*? bcnevalpul tjans ol^ >L Haiiy, who offered liinL^elf in 17-^'' Socitte Phifanthtopique^ to ins tract grain n Lliud child j'Oii under thtnr care. His metliu^ .. nevY^ hut he was the first who put it in pmdb Paris, and carried it t^i perfection* Shordf ift e^t^dishnu.'nt, the Blind Sehoo) was separated (r^ Philaiitliropic Society, and in 1791 was ett^ rnyal institulioTi, by Louis XVI. This schcw:)! oc^ the huildings of tlie ancient College des Bon»^E It contains 60 bUnd hoys, and 3o girls, ivbo are tained at the expense of tlie state far eight Hhnd clsildren aiie also admitted ^ boarders. gratuitous pupils must not be under 10 nor ^h years of age; they are rt^quired tc> produce cert of their birth, total bliudiies^s freedom from conl diseases and idiotism ; of their good conduct anc g^nce. IJiey are taught music, reading, arilt writing, and various trades, in all of which tbev Admittance may be obtained from eleven till oe frora half-past two till five^ every day, except i>i and Thur.sday«j, hy applying to the porter. Put ereises of tlie piipiU take place from time lo limt
MAISOIY DE REFUGn ET DK TRAVAIL POUE L*E] TlO> HE LA ME^D1aTE.
ffo. !)t his^ rac flu rOunina* Towards the end of 1 8^8, M. de Belle ymo, then ] of police, conceived the project of opening, by lary subscription, a workhouse as an asylum fo gars, with -A view to suppress mendicity in the c An appeal was made io the public Ijenevolence^ sufficient sum was raised to carry the plan into * tion. A building, formerly a convent, suiToundec walU, was oileied im advanUigeous t<jrms, and lafc lease for a certain number of years, wiih liherly t rhiisc within a given period, at a price previously
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Plans for convertiDg it into a workhouse having been determined upon, Messrs. Louchard and Hur^ were charged to carry them into execution, under the daily inspection of M. de Belleyme and M. Cochin, one of the mayors of Paris. The' works proceeded with such rapidity, that in less than four months the old building was elevated a story, and the interior distributed into re^ fectories, dormitories, and work-rooms.
This house consists of two piles of building, which join at right angles ; they are surrounded with courts and gardens, having awnings on the sides, where the inmates may walk in case of rain. The first pile con- tains on the ground-floor a spacious kitchen, a large refectory, a chapel, two dormitories for men, a linen- room, and a room for clothing. In the kitchen is a steam-engine which sets in motion the cooking appa- ratus, and which, by means of flues, conveys neat to the refectory, the dormitories, and the passages. The dormitories, which are spacious and airy, contain 4oo beds; the bedsteads are of iron. The second building contains large donpitories for women, and the upper storeys of both piles are appropriated as work- rooms.
The men and the women take their meals separately ; and as they are allowed to go out every other Sunday, the men aj^ at liberty one Sunday and the women the other : married persons are permitted to go out toge- ther.
Of the earnings of the inmates one third goes to the support of the workhouse, a second forms a fund to be given to the pauper when he leaves the establishment, and the remainder is placed weekly at his disposal. A special kitchen has been established for the supply of more dainty food than that generally allowed, which the inmates are at liberty to purchase out of the portion of their weekly earnings placed in their hands, or with money gained by extra work. This establishmeikt may be visited on Thursdays and Sundays, from noon to three o'clock.
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m a1s0n de refuge pour les jeunes frisonniers,
iVb. iUruedes Grks-Su^Jacquei. This institution, which is established in the ancient convent des Jacobins, is destined to reclaim joung offenders condemned to coqK>real punishment. When the term of their imprisonment hat expired, they are here received and employment is provided for them. Upon obtaining permission of the government, young prisoners are aSowed to enter before their sentence has expired. They here receive elementary instruction, are taught the principles of religion, and are habituated to labour. This usefid establishment is in part supported by voluntary contributions.
MAISON DE REFUGE DU BON PASTEUR»
No. 82, rue ^Enfer Su-MUheU This is an establishment for young female prisoners, upon a principle similar to the preceding.
ESTABLISHMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE HOPITAUX AND HOSPICES.
BUREAU CENTRAL D' ADMISSION DANS LES HOPITAUX £T HOSPICES, iVb. 2, place du Pmvis Notr^Dame. This office is established in buildings erected for a Foundling Hospital. On the sides of the entrance are two fountains, consisting of antique stone vases, upon each of which is a bas-relief, representing fenudes attending a dying man, in allusion to the Hotel-Diea. The object of this office is to prevent imposition in ob- taining admission into the hospitals. AU the persons connected with it are medical men. Urgent cases are admitted without delay, but other patients are obliged to obtain a ticket at the central bureau before they can enter. Persons from the country are admitted into the hospitals of Paris upon producing a passport delivered
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WITH THE h6pITADX. 3q^
gratis. Here also tickets are given for the admissioo of persons into the hospices. The office is open daily from nine o'clock till four. A medical man attends here every Tuesday and Saturday, fi*om nine to twelve o'dock, for the treatment of children troubled with scalled heads. Every Monday and Friday, from nine to twelve o'clock, bandaces are given to ruptured persons Ibmished with a certificate of poverty from a bureau de chariti. On Thursdays and Sundays, at eleven o'clock, children are vaccinated ^tuitously at this bureau.
MAISON SCIPION, jRiM Seipioiif. faubourg Su-MarceL. Under the reign of Henry m, a rich Italian gentle- man, named Scipion Sardini, built an hotel on this spot, which was purchased in i6a!2 to form an asylum for aged and infirm men. In i636 it was given to the HApital de la Salp^ite for its slau^ter-house, baki|ig- office, etc. It now forms a general bake-house for all the hospitals, the hospices, the Quinze-Yingts, and the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. Strangers are allowed to visit this immense establishment.
PHARJfACIE CENTRALE, Quai de la Toumetie. A general dispensary, first established in the H6pital desEnians Trouv^, parvis ]Votre-Dame,.was transferred, in 1 8 X 2, to the convent of the Dames Miramionnes, where it still exists. Thfs establishment is divided into sec- tions, one of which consists of warehouses for drugs, etc. ; the other is a vast laboratory, in which medicines are prepared for the hospitals, charitable institutions, and prisons. Here also are prepared, for the whole kingdom, boxes of preservatives from contagion, and remedies for drowned or suffocated persons. No one is allowed to visit this establishment except medical men and surgeons.
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3C)4 ESTABLISHMEWTS COIflfKCTED
MONT DE PlfeTE. This establishment having been formed in Csiyi the hospitals, may be classed among their dependc (See pages 45 and 260).
BUREAU DE LA DIRECTION DES NOURRICBi
iVb. 18, rue StcApoUine. The object of this useful establisliment is to *ffb the inhabitants of Paris and its pnvii^tis the meai obtaining wet-nurses in whom tltev m.iy confidt to secure to the nurses the paynn^nl of Ihfir wag« similar institution existed in ]\it is ^<; early as thi century, under the title of recommanderesses . bureau is under the direction <^f tho General Cou Hospitals. A duty of 5 fr. is piiul when n narse lected. The agreement is made wilh the nurse ! parents, but the money is received by the burcai: pay to the nurse 10 fr. a montii, .nul the ref^idue time when the child is taken lioine. If she goe the country, the expenses of hei- join ney ai-e paid, nurses,, in addition to their local eertiiicAtesof q cation, are carefully selected, ami both their raors health closely scrutinized by tlie a^^ents of Uiis who pay them their salary, and are answerable foi good conduct.
SECOURS A DOMICILE (relief xt bo»e). In each of the twelve arrondissemens of Paris, t1 a bureau to afford relief to aged and infirm person poor women having large families, and craluitoi vice and medicine to the sick, at their own houses . is also an infirmary attached to each bureau . Tht granted to the poor consists of a distribution of J meat, firing, and clothing ; besides which a m< allowance of 3 fr. is afforded to such as are j5 yi age, and of 6fr. to such as are 80. Before 7\m\ d the Revolution, these offices were called bureaux d Jaisance. They ai-e under the direction of die ] of the department and the General Council of Hos
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WITH THE h6pitaux. SgS
Each bureau consista, ist, of the mayor (who is presi- dent eX'^fficio)^ the deputy^mayors, the rector of the parish, the curates of the dbapeb of ease, and the pro- testant minister, where there is a chivch of that persua- sion; and, of 12 managers, chosen by the Minister of the Literior ; 3rd, of commissaries for the poor, and of Ikanesde Chants y whose number is determined by the bureau. An accountable agent is attached to each. In i8a4 the bureaux relieved GoyagS individuals, at ah ex- pense of 1,669,146 fr.
£TA]IUSS£1IKNT EN FAVEUE DES BLESSES INDIGENS, iVb. 9, rM du Petit JUiuc. This establishment, the object of which is to afford gratuitous advice, linen, and dressings, to indigent per- sons who have received wounds, sprains, etc., was founded by the late M. Dumont Yaldajou, a celebrated surgeon, for the support of which government allowed lum, and continues to his successors, the sum of 3,000 fr. a year, taken from the funds of the Secours A Domi'- cile. Strangers are allowed to visit this institution. Mother establishment for the same object, is situated at No. 27, rue dc S^res.
ETABLISSEMENT DE FILATURE,
Cut ds sac des UotpUalikreSi rue de la Chaussee, near the Place Hoyale,
This estabUshment is principally destined to give work to poor women, who, on presenting a certificate from a bureau de charitd^ with the recommendation of a re- sponsible person, receive a quantity of hemp for spin- ning, for which, when done and returned, they arc paid a certain sum. The number of women employed by this institution is about 3,ooo. There are besides lOo weavers, who have no other means of existence than what ai*e afforded them here, and for whom frames are procured, if they ara unable to buy them. About 5o children belonging to these pauperS are gratuitously in- structed in a neighbouring school, the expense of whicli is paid out of the general hospital fund.
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3g6 BEHEYOLElfT SOGISTIES*
BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
SOCiETE ROYALE POUR L'AHEUORATI ON DES PRISONS.
The object of this society, of which the king a patroD, and the dauphia president^ is to concur with the public administration by introducing into the ^risoDS oi ihe kingdom all the ameliorations required hj Tdigfon, morality, justice, and hnmani^. Among its w/BoSbers are the duke and duchess of Orleans, and many d the principal noblemen of France. The meetings otthe society are held at the Tuileries.
SOCIETE POUR LE SOULAGEMENT ET D^UVRANCE * BBS PRISONNIERS.
From 1 597 to 1790, a benerolent society empbred funds in procuring the discharge of dabtors; anc^uer society afiorded reliefs ^em and their £unilies. These institutions now form one association, which is sop- ported by public contributions. The archbishop of Paris is president, and the association consists prmci- pally of ladies. The treasurer lives at No. 39, me da "Vieux-Colombier .
sogi£t£ philantropique.
This association was founded in 1780, under the spe- cial protection of Louis XYI, for affording reUef to suf- fering humanity. The funds are employed in distri- buting food to the indigent hj means of soup-bouses *, in gratuitous advice, and medicine for the sick-; and 10 assisting various other charitable societies and establish- ments. Annual subscribers receive 100 soup^ckets and cards for the dispensaries, for every -lonation of 3o fr. Each of these cards entitles the person to whom it is given to receive advice, medicine, or a bath, as his case inar * require; and in extreme cases physicians go to those ! who need them. A committee ol5o members, of which
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I BElVEVOLUrT SOCIETIES. 897
a third is renewed every year, choien by the subscribers, is charged with the administration of the funds and the distribntion of relief, with the visiting of the infirm and Indigent, and the pre|>aration and execution of all the undertakings of the society. The king has declared himself the head and protector of this societjr; the late duke of Berry was president, and took an active share in its proceedings. Subscriptions are received at the Mont- de-Pidt^, rue du Paradis, au Marais.
SOClfeTfe PHILANTROPIQUE EN FAVEUR D ES GRECS. This association is formed of persons who subscribe annuaUy 5o fr. at least, and the funds raised are appro- priated by a committee. Between January 1st, i8a5, and December 3 1st, 1829, provisions, ammunition, arms, , surgical instruments, medicine, linen, etc., to the value of not less than i ,800,000 fr. , proceeding from subscrip- tions raised in France, some parts of Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland, were sent to Greece by this society, whose office is at No. la, rueTaranne.
ASSOCIATION PATERNELLE DES CHEVALIERS DE ST.-LOUIS.
This society, of which the dauphiness is patroness, was established as an institution of beneficence and pub- lic utility, by Louis XVUI, who authorised it to receive donations and legacies, subject to the king's sanction. The annual accompts of the association are submitted to the approbation of the Minister of War . Donations, sub- scriptions, and petitions for admission into the schools founded by the society, as well as applications for annual or temporary relief, on the part of knights of St. Louis and their widows, are addressed to a committee formed in the chief town of each depaiiment, and at Paris, la the office of the committee, at the Louvre.
SOCIETE MATERNELLE. This society was established at Paris long before tlvo
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3b8 BEIIETOLEMT SOCIETIES.
Resolution, and is now under the patronage of tlie dao- phiness. Its oljects are to pay the lying4n expenses of poor women, and to afford a monthly allowance for a year to brinfi up the child. The sum granted to each is i oo fr. Its affaus are managed by 48 l^es. There are physi- ciaps, surgeons, apothecaries, and midwives attached to this society. The funds of the society amounted in 1 8a& to 90,906 £r., including a balance of 23,201 fr. fi>oin the preceiung year. In the above sum were 40,000 fr. pra> ceeding &om a donation of 100,000 fr. made annually by the King to all the Sociitds matemeUes of the king- dom. The voluntary subscriptions amounted to i7,ioQtr. The number of women relieved was 660. The prinapai office is at No. 5, rue Coq-Hiron.
' This society has 52 branch associations, namelj:-— at Angouldme, Auxerre, Avignon, Bordeaux, Boui^g, Bonr-
g», Carcassonne, ChAlons-sur-Mame, Chartres, Dijon, raguignan, La RocheUe, Le Mans, Lille, Limoges, Lyon, Marseille, Metz, Montauban, Moulins, Nantes, Niort, Orl^ns, Poitiers, Reims, Rennes, Rouen, Stras- bourg, Toulon, Toulouse, Tours, and Troyes. A lady president is nominated by the dauphiness for each society.
£tablissement royal de st.-joseph.
The duke of Bordeaux is patron and president of this aoeiety, the object of which is to preserve the fewer classes from the danger of bad examples ; to afford them religious instruction, and give them a taste for work, by facilitating the means of employing their tajents in aJl kinds of occupations and trades. The meetings of tbe society, and of the council of management, are held at the Tuileries, in the apartments of the duke of Bordeaux. The office is at No. 10, ruede Poissy.
SOCIET£ DES ORPHEUNES DE ST.-ANDRE.
Tliis association of children whose patents are in easy
circumstances is under the protection of Mademoiselle
de Berry. Its object is the support and education of
orphan girls, who are placed in an establishment be-
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longing to the association, situated in the rue de Vaugi- -ard. An aimaal meeting is held in the apartments of llAnBiioisiLLi, at the Tnileries, for the reception of sub- icriptions and donations.
S0CI£T£ de IA PROVIDETtCE. The office of this association is at No. ago, me St.- Honor6. (See Asile Hqyal de la Providence, page 38 1 ) .
GiUSSE DIOGESAINE.
This fund, proceeding from subscriptions and annual collections, is destined to afiford pensions to priests whose age or infirmities prevent them continuing to exercise their functions, and to grant allowances to joung men destitute of fortune who devote themselves to the eccle- liastical state, to enable them to prosecute their studies. Subscriptions are received at the office of the secretary of the archbishop of Paris.
SOa^TE MEDIGO-PHILANTROPIQUE. This benevolent association holds its meetings at the H6tel-de-Yille on the ad and 4th Mondays of the month. Gratoitous prescriptions are given on Thursdays from •2 to 5 o' clock, and money is also afforded to such pa- tients as are destitute of the means of procuring medicine .
SOGIETE UEDIGO-PHILANTROPIQUE DE PARIS.
The object of this society is the amelioration of the pl&ysical constitution of the human race and the forma- tion of more vigorous generations. It devotes particular attention to the treatment of children and hygieine iu colleges and schools.
BUREAU DES CONSULTATIONS JUDIGIAIRES GRA- TUITES. This society is formed of advocates, who meet every
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4oO BElfEVOLEKT SOCIETIES.
Tuesday, in the library of the Royal Court, to discuss law questions vrhicfa concern poor persons, to whom counsel is given gratuitously.
is philanthropic institution was created with a view ord laborious and economical persons the means of
GAISSE D'EPARGNE ET DE PREVOYANCE.
Thisi to aftbr
depositing their savings, so as to derive interest fix>in them, and enal)le them to receive reimbursement at pleasui*e, or to provide themselves with resoui^ for the future. The management is gi^atuitous, the expen- ses being paid out of a fund arising from the endowment settled upon the Caisse by its founders, and other bene- volent individuals. This establishment has opened not fewer than 70,000 accounts. {See page 53).
SOCIETE GATHOLTQUE DES RONS UVRES, .^0.5, rue St.-Tkoma9-^Enfer, The object of this society, formed in 18249 is to print moral and religious books for distribution gratuitously or at a low price ; to form in all parts of France d^pdis of the same works, to be lent out or sold cheap ; and to employ all the means in its power for the distributioQ of these books. The annual subscription is ao Ir.
SOGlftxfi RIRLIQUE PROTESTANTE DE PARIS. The object of this association is to spread the Holy Scriptures, without notes or commentary, in the versions received and used in Protestant churches. All persons of both sexes, who contribute to the success of this in- stitution, by annual subscriptions, are members of the society. A public meeting is held in April, every year, to receive a report of the labours of the committee, ex- amine the accompts, and proceed to the election of offi- cers and a new committee. The committee consists of the president, vice-presidents, secretaries, treasurer, la assessors, and three censors. This society has auxiliary associations in most of the Protestant districts of the king- Digitized by Google
BEREYOLBNT SOCIETIES. 4^'
clom. At the society's rooms, No. 65^ roe Montorgueil, is a considerable assortment of editions of the Old and Xew Testament, of different versions, characters, and »izes, principally in French and German.
SOGIETE DES TRAIT£s REUGIEUX.
jfhis religious tract society was formed for the purpose of distributing gratuitously or at a cheap rate these small productions, ^mich present the most important truths, md the finest lessons of Christianity. The secretary, M. Monod, resides at No. gS, rue du faubourg St.- Denis.
soaj^T£ PROTESTANTE DE PR^VOYANGE £T DE SECOURS MUTUELS.
This association, composed exclusively of Protestants, was formed in i8!i5. Its object is to afford medical ad- vice, medicine, and pecuniary relief to sick members, who pay a subscription of a4 fr. a year. The society proposes to grant pensions and found an hospital at a future period. Office No. 46, rue de TArbre-Sec.
COMMISSION PROTESTANTE DE PLACEMENT POUR LES OUVRIERS £T DOMESTIQUES.
The object of this association is to procure places for workmen and servants of good character; for which purpose registers are kept at the houses of M. Gros, No. 1 5, boulevard Poissonni^re, and M. Serment, No. lo, rue St.-Avoye. A great number of persons of boui lexes have been placed in situations by this useful society.
SOaETE ISRAELITE DES AMIS DU TRAVAIL. The object of this society is to put out and apprentice ^onng persons of both sexes of the Jewish persuasion, ?vho continue four years under its protection. The fionds necessanr are raised by monthly contributions of So sous, payable to Mr. Haller, No. i4, rue Jean-Jacqucs [\ousseau.
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4oa BEHEVOLBIIT SOCIETIES.
BRITISH CHARITABLE FUND.
This institation was formed in 18169 under the pa- tronage of the ambassador of Great Britain, for the relief of British subjects in distress in France. The chaplain of the embassy yras appointed to distribute the funds raised by voluntary subscription, and the secretary of the embassy and the Enclish consul-general were nomi- nated auditors. The demands upon the fond multi- plying every year, it was found necessary to extend the bases of this benevolent undertaking, and, in i^iS^ a Committee of ten members was formed, and Messrs. Daly and Co. were appointed treasurers. The com- mittee meets at two o*clock on Tuesdays and Saturdays, at No. 16, rue de la Madeleine, the first member present taking the chair. The objects of this society are to afford relief to necessitous British subjects, and assist them in returning home. To the honour of the British name it may be said, that but few persons of distin<^on or fortune visit Paris without contributing, by subscrip- tions or donations, to the Charitable Fund. In 18^9, the receipts amounted to i3,^4ofr., and the cUsborse- ments to 1 5,628 fr. Subscriptions and donations are received by Messrs. Rothschild and Co. ; Lafitte and Co. ; Bagi^enault and Co. ; Daly an^Co. ; Orr and Gold- smidt; Callagan; Barillon and Co. ; and Galiguani.
SOGIETE HELVETIQUE DE BIENFAISANCB.
This society, established in 1822, is composed of Swiss of all the Cantons, and without distinction of relifiion. Its objects are to establish a bond of union, and to aflbrd relief to such of their countrymen as are in distress. The members pay 12 fr. on their admission, and an annual subscription of 30 fr. at least. The general meetings of the society are held on the third Thursday of March, June, September, and December. Its affairs are ma- naged by a council, consisting of the president, four vice-nresidents, four secretaries, the treasurer, and q4 members. Office at the Oratoire, rue St.-Honori.
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SOCI^TJE DES ENFANS EN FAVEUR DES V1E1LLARD8. This beneTolent society, founded in i8o5, is well calculated to train children to the exercise of charity. Their own contributions, augmented by donations of their parents, form a fund tor purchasing articles of clothing, and blankets for indifl|ent old men. The con- tributions are received at No. d, me Coq-H^ron.
mSTITUTlON POUR LES JEUNES FILLES DELAISS£es. The council-flseneral of hospitals and the minister of the interior make an annual grant of 3,ooo fv. to this society, whose ob^ is to protect deserted young girls, and such as have lost their parents, who, after receiving a moral education, are placed out as apprentices to mantna-makers, etc. Sunscriptions in aid of the insti- tution are receive4 by M. Chapdier, notaire, No. i5^ rue de la Tixeranderie.
ASSOCUTION DES JEUNES ECONOMES. This society, composed of young ladies, is formed for the pmpose of educating, clothing, and putting out apprentice such girls, above eight years of age, as belong to large families. The members, upwards of 2,ooo in number, subscribe 6 sous a month and twelve sous in January. Subscriptions are received by Mile. Lauras, No. 3, quai Conti.
SOCIETY POUR L'fiTABLISSEMENT DE SALLES D'ASILE POUR LA PREMIERE ENFANCE.
Schools have been formed by this praiseworthy asso- ciation for the reception of young chiloren whose parents are employed in work during the day. They are kindly treated and taught to read. Subscriptions are received hv filessrs. Mallet, bankers, No. i3, rue de la Chauss^ d^Antin.
SOCJETE DE SEGOURS MUTUELS ENTRE OUMOERS. * At Paris there ai^e 164 of these muUial Benefit socie-
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ties, composed altogether of about i4>ooo members: The most ancient, that of St. -Anne, dates from 1694 ; next comes XhesocietSdes menuisiers enmeubles, formed in 1760. In 1789, the number of these societies at Paris 'was only five ; six were formed between 1 789 and 1791 -, five between 1794 and 1802; 4^ between i8oa and i8i5 ', eight in i8i5 and 1816 i and 79 between 1817 and 1822 inclusive.
ORDER OF FREEMASONS AT PARIS.
Previous to the Revolution, masonry was in ahi^^y flourishing state in France. The duke of Orleans was grand-master, and the highest personages in the sVate were members of the institution. In the great political conflict, all the lodges wei^ closed, and masonry was virtually abolished in France ; but the " sacred fire" was preserved, as well as all the masonic archives, byM.Ro- ettier de Montaleau, and, on the return of order, ma- sonry was again organised, several members of the im- perial family were admitted, and Joseph Bonaparte accepted the office of grand-master. Napoleon was often solicited to suppress freemasonry, but he as constantly refused.
On the Restoration, the court entertained a prejudice against freemasonry, from the idle rhapsodies ot the afaU Barruel, who pretended that the Revolution itself was brought about by the freemasons ; masonry conseqoendy lost tne direct support of the crown ; but continaed to be tolerated, and indeed was indirectly supported, inas- much as a masonic schism (the rite of Misrftim) was put down by government. The facility with which masonic honours are obtained in France induces great numbers of English who come to Paris to j^et initiated here, and their views have been singularly facilitated by the crea- tion of an Anglo-French lodge, which is presided by Sir John Byerley ; it counts amongst its members several personages of the two houses of parliament, baronets, etc. The late marquis of Hastings deigned to be its venerable d'honnpiir, and since the lamented death of that illustrious mason, admii*al sir Sydney Smith has
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PRISONS. 4o5
been elected in his place, as tf^nSrabie tthonneur of the respectable lodge des amis constans de la vraie lumi^re.
There are about 80 lodges in Paris, which meet regu- larly eveiT montli, and at the crand solstitial festivals there are lodges and banquets held by the Grand-Orient and all the lodges, in honour of their patron saint, St. John.
Besides the above benevolent societies, there are in Paris several associations de travail pour les paupf^s (work societies) ; at the head of which are ladies of bigh rank, that meet on one or more evenings of the week, to make different articles, which are afterwards collected together, and, after a public exhibition of them, sold for the bcnelit of the poor. In most of the parishes of Pans also tliere are associations paroissiales de bieri/aisance, for the education of poor children, and the relief of the sick, aged, and infirm.
PRISOIVS.
"' Under the princes of the first and second race, the prisons of France consisted of subterranean dungeons, destitute of air, light, and fire, where the bed and bol- ster were of stone, and where the prisoners were at the mercy of inexorable gaolers. The first amelioration of ci'iminal legislation in France was by an ordonnance of the year 1 670 . Secret trials were abolished ; the accused confronted with their accusers ; judgments revised more promptly by the upper courts ; warrants for apprehen- sion subjected to formalities which rendered their exe- cution less sudden and less arbitrary ; the prisons of Paris placed under the superintendence of a committee who were bound to visit them weekly ; and the houses of correction were annexed to tbe general hospital (la Salptoi^re). In 1675, Louis XIV i^uced the number of the prisons of Paris, retaining only nine. Notwith- standing these salutary arrangements, the prison system experienced but little improvement. At the accession of
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4o6 PRISONS :
Louis XVI to the throne, the prisons of Paris were in a ▼ery bad state ; labour was intmicted, and the prisoners were without classification. Upon the entrance dL M. de Malesherbes into the administration, he ordered tbe lunatics, and those confined for political ofienoes, to be separated iW>m the criminals. The striking pic;ture of abuses drawn by his pen attracted the attention of his successors, and upon M. !Necker's coming into office, the amelioration of prisons was one of the first objects of his attention. The improvement begun was making considerable progress when it was arrested by die Kero- lution. The Constituent Assembly determined to reform the prison system, but more urgent affairs employing the whole of their time, the execution of the project was left to the succeeding legislative body. On the apth of September, 1791, ^ law was passed which established houses iTarr^tj of justice, and detention. All other prisons were prohibited, and mildness towards the prisoners was enjoined. The execution of the measure was scarcely begun, when the System of terror and arbitrary imprisonment filled the prisons with those who ought to have been for ever strangers to them. The innocent and the guilty, the virtuous and the criminal, were confounded together in the same reototade ; and youth, beauty, courage, and talent, were aetivered up to torture, too barbarous even for beings brutalized by corruption and wretchedness. The gth Thermidor pat an end to that dreadful state of things ; but the victims of suspicion and persecution, having escaped from the hor- rors of the dungeon, lifted up their voice against the ad- ministration of the prisons, and public opinion united with them in demanding a change of the system. In 1795, in pursuance of a decree ofthe National Conven- tion, separate prisons were appointed for the divers classes of ofienaers, and the criminal and penal code was formed, which fixed with greater precision the competency of the different tribunals. The chan^;es effected in the criminal legislation since the Revolution have necessarily produced a sensible effect in the prison regulations ; and the kbours of the SociM royuU pour r Amelioration des Prisons ^ have produced incaiciuahle
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B^PdT DE LA PRl&FEGTURE DE POLICE. ^07
benefits. M. Delavau, when prefect of police, directed purticukr attention to this important branch of his functions. By his orders, the prisons were enlarged nnd inqurored, the prisoners classed, and a system of order and cleanliness introduced, which till then had never eiisled. The prisoners are now well fed and well tretfeed ; jnst complaints are listened to and redressed ; and they are employed according to their respective talents or professions : of their earnings one-4hird goes to the prison; one->third to the prisoners; and the re- mainder is given to them when set at liberty. Most of the violations of the law, which formerly were reearded as crimes, and punished with death, are now considered merely as misdemeanours. Letires de cachet no longer exist, and trial generally takes place soon after appre- hension. The violations of the laws may now be divided into three classes, viz.: — ist, crimes which incur the forfeiture of life, or severe corporeal punishment ; ad, misdemeanours ; 3d, breaches of municipal and depart- mental regulations. The prisons existing in Paris are ten in nuimber, including two military prisons.
DEPOT DE LA PREFECTURE DE POLICE.
This is a place of temporary detention, where persons arrested by the police-officers are' confined tiU their examination takes place, and it is decided whether they shall be detained or set at liberty. This prison was re- built in 1828, at an expense of 3oo,ooo fr. Its distribu- tion is good; the rooms are airy, well lighted, and warmed by the same procete as the Exchange (See page 25a ). The women of the town are kept separate from the other female prisoners. The men are divided into two classes ; a distinct part of the building being appropriated to such as are dirty and ill dressed. In a separate room are such prisoners as are under 16 years of age . Besides the above divisions are two others called ies PisioieSy* the one for male and the other for female
* The Pisiole$ are diviaionft of a prison, where eack uriMmer, who is able to pay for it, has a separate chamber witL a bed
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4o8 pmsons :
prisonera. The cachots or cells on tiie groimd floor are light and aii^ ; they are only used for such pnsoners as are to be kept au secret^ such as are rdractory, lunatics, and idiots. The number of prisoners brought to the if<^^< annually is about i5,ooo ; but of these there are 600 or ^00 who are such incorrigible offenders that soon after their discharge they are again apprehended. If, upon examination, there is found ground to detain a male prisoner, he is removed from the dSpSi to la Force ; the female prisoners are sent to St.-Lazare.
LA FORCE,
iVb. 2, me du Hoi-de-Sicile, The buildings which form this prison were onginsJIy an hotel belonging to the duke de la Force, whose name it bore. Towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV, this edifice was divided into two parts, one of which took the name of h6tel de Brienne, and had its entrance in the rue Pav^e ; the other retained its foiiner name, and had its entrance in the me du Roi-de-Sicile. About the year 1750, the latter was bought for the establishment of a military school, but it having been subsequendy deter- mined to erect the ^co/i0 militaire in the Champ-de-Mars, the hdtel de la Force became vacant, and, in 1780, was converted into a prison, under the name of la gnmde Force. At the same time, the hdtel de Brienne was demolished, and a new prison for prostitutes, called la petite Force, erected on its site. The front of the latter presents a sombre aspect. It is ornamented with vermi- culated rustics, and the entrance is formed by an ellip- tical arch. It is thrae storeys high, and is surmounted by a Doric cornice. In the construction of this edifice neither wood nor plaster were employed, the whole being formed of stone bound together by iron bars. The rooms are spacious, and the massive architecture is unique in Paris. In the beginning of i83o, the two prisons were united under the name of la Force, and
more comfortable than those of the common rooms, and is al- lowed meals of a better kind.
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bodi ve now used for the detention of prisoners under acciuaiicm, but not fuUj committed for trial. This prison consists of several piles of building, each of which has a prdau, or separate court.
The rooms and courts are airy; and the prisoners are classed according to their ase, and the degree of their goilt ; juvenile offenders and old men beine kept sepa- rate from culprits of a middle age, and in all cases hard- ened offenders being prevented mixing with those eom- mitted for first or mmor offences. On the left is the infirmary. On the 5d of September, 17929 and the four following days, 160 prisoners, among whom were thi'ee priests and the princess de Lamballe, were massacred in this prison. The front presents a sombre aspect.
LA CONGIERGERIE.
The Conciergerie, which forms part of the buildings of the Palais de Justice, was the prison of the ancient palais, when it was used as a royal residence. Its name is derived from the concierge (keeper), who. was the chief of a jurisdiction called baiUiage du palais, had the title oibailli, and enjoyed several privileges. The build- ings which form this prison still retam the hideous character of feudal times, but they are in good repair, and their distribution commodious and airy. The en- trance is by an arch on the quai des Lunettes, which leads to a court and from thence to the great gate of the prison. A sombre vestibule communicates with the greffej the advocates' room, the gaoler's apartments, and the par- loirs, where prisoners are allowed to converse with their friends, from whom they are separated by a double row of iron raib distant from each other several feet, so as to prevent the latter conveying any instruments to the for- mer, to enable them to attempt their escape, or to commit suicide. The room in which the late count de Lavalette, the circumstances of whose escape are well known, was confined, now serves for the reception of capital con- victs upon their removal from Bicetre to Paris, a few hours before their execution. The dungeons in which the unfor- tunate princess Elizabeth sister of Louis XVI was con-
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4lO PAJLSOWS:
fined; another in which Robemierre was iio^ri^ned; and a third which was occupied by Loavel, the murderer of the duke of Berry, are no longer used. The priau^ for male prisoners, presents a kind of area or court, 1 80 feet in length by 60 in breadth, round which is a gKllerj lead- ing to the prisoners* rooms, and commonicating by stairs to the upper stories . It was partly constructed in the 1 5th century, and partly rebuilt in modem times ; it serres as a promenade for the pnsoners, who are allowed to walk from eight o'clock in the morning till dusk. The upper stories are occupied by such persons as are able to pay for a better room (prendre la pislole) . The accommoda- tion afforded to the other prisoners is as good as in most prisons, and the rooms are airy and clean. The female prisoners have a separate priauy parloir^ and rooms'; the infirmaries are kept in good order, and a room is exclusively appropriated to the use of such women as have infants.
The Conciergerie will ever be memorable for the con- finement of the unfortunate queen Marie-Antoinette, who was imprisoned here during two months and a half, and only left it for the scaffold. The room which she occupied was afterwards diminished to half its size, covered with seven coats of oil-paint and varnish, to destroy the dampness of the walls, and is now trans- formed into an expiatory chapel. Visitors are first con- ducted to the chapel of the prison, which communicates with the expiatory chapel, by an opening behind the altar. The prison chapel is so disposed that behind its altar appears that of the<]|ueen's prison, which produces a mournful and impressive effect. The wall thropigh which the opening has been made is remarkably thick. On each side mural monuments have been erected to the memory of Louis XYI and the princess Elisabeth. They are of white marble upon a black ground sprin- kled with tears, and are ornamented with medallions of the illustiious personages whom they conunemorate. On that to the left is the inscription — A la mimoire de louis Xyi; on that to the right— ^ la m^moire de Madame Elisabeth. The expiatory altar, of white marble sut*mounted by a cippus of black marble, beai's the foi-
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LA CONCIERGERIE. ^M
lowing inscription, said to have been composed by Louis
D. O. M.
Hoc in loco
Maria Antonia JoMj^a JiMona Anstriaca
Lndovici aVI vidua,
Goojnge tnicidato,
Libms ereptis
In carcerem conjecta,
Per dies LXXVI erunmis loctu et sqnalore adfecCa,
sed
Plropria TiiCute innixa,
Ut in aolio, ita et in Tinculis
M^orem fortuna se prcbuit.
A fcelestissimis denique hominlbus
Gapite damnala,
Moite jam imminente,
ifilemam pictaCta, fortitudinis, onmiomque viitutnn
Monnmentum hie scripsit,
Die XVI Octobria, MDCCXGIII.
Restitute tandem regno,
Career in aacrarium conversus
Dicatus est
A.D. HDGGGXVI, Lndovici XVIll regnantis anno
XXII,
Comite de Cases a secoritate publica Regis miniatro,
Prcfecto asdilibasque cnrantibus.
Quisauis hic ades,
Adora, aomirare, precare.
Below this inscription is recorded, in letters of gold, the passage of a letter addressed to madame Elisabeth hy the queen, in which her majesty declares that she pai^ doas those who had done her wrong. Opposite the win- dow stood the queen's bed, separated from the door by a screen, which, after much importunity, she obtained as her only shelter against intraders. In this spot is now placed a picture by Simon, representing her majesty leaning on the bed, and addressing her prayers to heaven. To the right of this picture is another, by Pajou, exhi- biting the scene of distress when the queen was separated from her £unily imprisoned with her in the Temple. To the left is a beautiful picture, by Drolling, repre- senting a scene in the middle of the night, when the curate of St.-Crermain-rAuxerrois^ M. Mangin, intro-
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r
4i2 prisons:
daced himself into her cell, disgaised as a gendarme, to peiform with her the last communion. The two gen- darmes on duty are represented as joining in this awful ceremony. This prison has several times been the theatre of dreadful massacres. The most recent was on the ad and 3d of September, 1792, when iiSg persons were inhumanly murdered.
The Conciergerie is used for criminals whose cases have passed the Chambre des Mises en Accusation^ and who are sent for trial before the Court of Assizes •, or, in other terms, are fully committed for trial. Capital con- victs also are brought here on the night or morning pre- ceding their execution. For admission apply by letter to M. le Secretaire de la Prefecture de Police. Admit- tance to the chapel may also be obtained by personal ap- plication, upon producing a passport at the Bureau des Prisons. 2a Court of the Prefecture.
ste.-p£lagie.
No, H,ruedela Clef, The buildings of this prison were formerly occu- pied as a female penitentiary, founded in i665, placed under the direction of a community of nuns, called Filles de St.-Thomas, and subject to the control of the managers of tlie general hospital. Its name is derived from fete.-Pilagie, an actress of the city of Antioch, who became a penitent in the fifth century. Upon the sup- pression of religious ordere, in 1789, the Hdpital de Ste.- Pclagie remained some time vacant. In January, 1702, the prison de la Force being set on fire, the prisoners for debt were transfeiTed to Ste.-P^lagie, which, from that period, became a debtors' prison. Ste.-Wlagie afterwards underwent various chanoes previous to the i5th Germinal, An VI (April 4» 1790), when it again became a prison for debtdrs and per- sons sentenced to corpoi-eal punishment. In March, 181 1, it was constituted a state prison, to which all persons confined in the different prisons for political offences were transferred. Upon the occupation of l*aris l>y the Allies, in 1814, the state prisoners were
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ST^P^AGIV. 4>3
set ftt liberty on the ad of April, bj command of the allied sovereigns.
This extensive prison, the front of which presents a terrible aspect, is now appropriated to debtors and per- sons sentenced to a short term of imprisonment for vio- lations of the laws on the press, and political offences. To these may be added some individuals condemned to a short term of detention for misdemeanours. The prison is divided into two parts, the debtors being kept separate from the other prisoners. No prison in Paris presents so singular and diversified an association of rank, profession, and age. On the first floor a gallery is appropriated to such as can pay the pistole. The debtors, if they have pecuniary resources, live as merrily as it is possible to do in prison . They can hire a chamber and even several rooms, can be snppUed with their meals by a restaurateur, and receive visits from their friends ; and if perchance the creditor who has sent them to pri- son forgets to pay the monthly allowance for food, t^ey are discharged; but this seldom occurs. Here are to be seen officers, advocates, artists, authors, stock-holders, and even priests; the poor debtor, who is deprived of his freedom because he b unable to liberate himself, and the wealthy plunderer who patiently awaits the ex- piration of his five years' detention to enjoy the fruit of his depredation with impunity. In different parts of this division are shops for butchers' meat, grocery, mer- cery, etc. There are two caf^s, and a journal entitled Pauvre Jacques is published here. In the other divi- sion are authors, booksellers, and printers, imprisoned for political offences and libels, each of whom has a separate room . At Ste.-Pelagie there are generally some prisoners who expend considerable sums, and scarcely a day passes without brilliant equipages being seen at ^e door, and the prisoners receiving visits from elegantly di^essed ladies and men of science and learning. The per- sons confined here for misdemeanours are tbose whose cases present palliating circumstances, which entitle them to a mitigation of the rigorous inflictions of the law. Ste«- P^lagic was formerly ill managed, and as prisoners of different classes were sent there, the more hardened
35.
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prisoners perverted the less experienced in crime, hj the narration of their misdeeds amidst borsts of langnter; the wards at that time, also, were dirty in the extreme, and the prisoners eaten up with vermin. Cleanliness now prevails; and the appropriation of the prison to per- sons who are rather unfortunate than guilty cannot Be too highly praised. The numners, vices, and defects in the former administration of &is prison have been ably depicted by Messrs. Jay and Joay, who were con- fined here, in their work entitied Les HermUes sit Pri^ son. For permission to visit this prison apply by letter to if. leSecrdtaire de la Prdjeoture de PoUce,
BIGETRE, See Hospica du Bic^Tas, page 869.
ST.-LAZARE» TVb. 117, rue dufauAourg SU'Denis. Upon the suppression of religious orders, at the begin- ning of the Revolution, the convent of the Lazarists or priests of the mission, in the rue du faubourg St. Denis/ was converted into a prison for suspectSy and shortly after it contained nearly nine hundred victims of per- secution. By a decree of the Convention of the aSth Frimaire, an m (December i5th, 1794)9 it was appro- priated to the detention of women. The buildings of the prison are commodious, airy, and clean, and the general classification and management good. Since 1825, a new infirmary, upon a large scale, and a spa- cious chapel have been erected. The prisoners here are women detained on suspicion, but not fiilly co;n- mitted for trial; such as ai^ condemned to corporeal pimishment, and female debtors. They are employed
* Formerly the remains of the kings and queens of France ^ere conveyed to the convent of St.-Lazare |»revioas to being transported to St.-Dcnis. The coffin was placed between the two gates of the edifice upon a tomb of state, where it was sur- ronnded by all the prelates of the kingdom, who, after chauntin^'t the senrice of the dead, sprndiled holy water upon it.
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MAD£LOH»STT£S . 4 1 5
io sewkigf feather-nukin^t triaket-making, nending linen, etc. To visit this prison, apj^y to Jf. U Secretaire de la Prefecture de Police,
MADELONIVETTES,
No, 24, mm des J^oniame$ au MaraU* This building was originally a convent of nuns, called FiUes de la Madeleme^ who devoted themselves to the reformation of prostitutes. In 1793 it became a prison for suspects, and in 1795 was appropriated to female debtors, the detention of women previous to trial, and those sentenced to corporeal punishment. It is now devoted exdnsively to women of the town guilty c( violating the police regulations and minor offences, who are encouraged to work by having a great portion of their earnings given to them. As labour, however, is not di>ligatory, a considerable number prefer remaining idle. The work executed is sewing, mending linen, etc. Gonsiderabib additions have, within the last i5 years, been made to the buildings; and a neat chapel, whidi possesses a fine picture of Mary Magdalen, was erected in 1 8 17. The mfirmary, which forms three divisions, les Venirieimes, les Fiivreuses, and les GaleuseSf is upon a large scale, airy, and dean. The prisoners here are in number seldom below 600, and are sometimes 1 , 1 00 . The visit of strangers does not appear to trouble them ; and some even display a disgusting effrontery which the presence of the turnkeys and matrons is in- sufficient to check. In the work-rooms, however, per- fect order and decency prevail. The stranger will find it less easy to obtain aomission here than to the other prisons of Paris. M. le Secretaire de la Prefecture de Police must be applied to by letter.
HOTEL BAZANGOURT,
Qtuii SL'Bemard*
Here the national {guards, during the existence of
that corps, were punished for breaches of discipline,
by 34 hours' imprisonment. At the back of this prison
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4i6 pRisolis:
i» a house of correction for youths from lo to tS years
of age, who betray evil dispositions, anc[ are placed there by their parents or relatives.
PRISON DE L'ABBAYE. The monks of the ancient Abbey of St.-Germain-des- Pr^ had their jurisdiction, their officers, and their prison ; the latter, which now serves for a military pri- son, is very strong, and has its aublieties ; it is of a square form, three stories high, and flanked with small turrets. Military men of all ranks, accused of misde- meanours, are imprisoned hei^ till they are summoned before a court-martial. The prisoners are less rigor- ously treated here than in other prisons j they can see theii* friends more easily, and are allowed to gaze through the grated windows at the passengers in the streets. The principal dungeon is terrific ; it is sunk to the depth of 5o feet, is di'eacmdly damp, and so low that a middle-sized man cannot stand upnght. When Jthe day of trial arrives, the prisoner is conducted to the court-martial, whose sittings are held at the H6tel de Toulouse, No. 39, rue du Cheixhe-Midi. If condemned to the galleys or to death, the prisoner returns to the Abbaye; from which, in the former case, he is sent among the galley-slaves at Bio<^re, or in the latter to the pbin of Grenelle, where he is shot within 4B hours. The massacre which took place here on the ad of Sep- tember, 179a, and several following days, was one of the most horrible scenes of the French Revolution. This prison cannot be visited without permission of le Chefde la Police MiUuUre^ at the iiat Major de ia Place, place Yenddme.
PRISON DE MONTAGU,
Rue des Sept-P^oies,
This was formerly a college which produced many
celebrated literary characters. It was converted into
a house of detention during the terrible reign of Robe«-
pien^. It is now a military prison, where soldiers
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SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 417
who have come to Paris without leave, and those of the ganison troops guilty of breaches of discipline, arc con- iiaed for two days or longer, according to the gravity of the charges against them.
CHAPTER XVI. SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
INSTITUT DE FRANCE.
The National Convention, by a decree in 1793, abo- lished all the literary and scientific societies, denomi- nated academies y established during the reigns of Louis Xm and Louis XIY ; and the arts and sciences seemed condemned to oblivion. After the fall of Robespierre, the Convention, upon the proposition of the Abb^Gi^- goire, in the name of the Committee of Public Instruc- tion, appointed a conmiittee for the preservation of the monuments of France ; ordained &e creation of the Polytechnic-school and the Normal-school, the opening of the colleges and schoob, and founded the Conserva- toire de Musique, the Conservatoire des Arts et Mi- tiers, etc.
By a decree of October a6th, 1796 (5 Bmmaire, An lY), the Convention founded the Institute to replace the former academies. The Directory appointed a certain number of members, who in their turn invited to join them such persons as they considered worthy. The Institute was originally divided into three classes : the first, physical and mathematical sciences ; the second, moral and political sciences ; and the third, literature and the fine arts. Bonaparte, who was elected a member of the mathematical section of the Institute, on the 116th of December, 1797', having become Consul^ divided the Institute into lour classes, in i8o3: the first com- prehended the physical and mathematical sciences ; the second had for its object the French language and litera- ture ; the third, ancient history and literature ; and the
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4l8 SCIENTIFIC ADTD UTERiaT HfSTITUTlOVS.
fourth, the fine arts. Upon the restoration, LoabXVm issued an ordonnance, dated March 2 1 , i8 16, by which, for the four classes of the Institute, four acadimies were substituted; viz. i, the Acadinde Fran^aise ; a, te Acadimie JRoyrale des Inscriptions et Betles-Letires ; 3, the Acadimie Rojrale des Sciences; 4, the Aatiidmie Rojrale des Beaax-Arts, and some of the most celebrated members beinjg; dismissed, others were substituted by royal nomination, and tlie academies were taken under the special protection of the king. The interests and the funds common to the four academies are under the direction of a committee of eight members, presided by the Minister of the Interior. Two members of &e committee are chosen from each academy. They are elected annuaUy, and are always re-eUgible. The members of one academy are eligible to all the others; and each receives a saiaij of i,5oo fr. Every time a member attends, he receives a counter to denote that he was present; and were he not to attend during the year, his sakry would be but 1,200 fr., and the re- maining 3oo would be divided among those who were present at the meetings. Each academy has its special rol^ and funds at its own disposal. The library, col- lections, etc., of the Institute are common to the four academies. The private funds of each academy are dis- posed of by bureaux or committees, in confonnity to certain regulations. The AcadSmie Franfoise consists of 4© members, who are charged with the composition of a dictionary of the French language, and with the ex- amination of important works in literature, science, and history, with a view to the improvement of the language. This academy adjudges alternately an annual prize of 1 ,5oo fr. for poetry and eloquence. It also decrees two annual prizes founded by M. Montyon, one for the work most useful to the |>ublic morals, and another for an act of virtue displayed in the lower classes of society. The AcaMmie Borale des Inscriptions et Belles^Lettres^ is also composed of 4© members. The learned languages, anticfuities, and monuments, history, and the moral and political sciences relating to history, are the objects of their researches and labours. Their attention is parti-
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INSTITUT DE FRAKCB. ^ig
cnlarly directed to the tranaktion of Greek, Latin, and Oriental works into the French languaoe, and to the formation of diplomatic collections. This academy ad- judges an annual prize of i ,5oo fr., and sometimes two, for Titeraiy memoirs. Within a few years also, the Mi- nister of (he Interior has granted medals to be distri* buted to such persons as produce the best memoirs upon the antiquities of France. The Acaddmie B&raie des Sciences is divided into eleven sections, as follows : — Geometry, six members; mechanics, six; astronomy, six ; geography and navigation, three ; general philoso- phy, six ; diemistry, six ; mineralogy, six ; botany, six ; rural economy and the veterinary art, six : ana- tomy and zoolofi^, six ; medicine and surgery, six. The annual prizes aoyudged by this academy are one of 5,ooo fr. for physical sciences ; one for statistics ; one for ex- perimental physiology; and one for mechanics. It also adjudges prizes for improvements in medicine and sur- gery ; for discoveries relative to the treatment of patients in the hospitals, and at their own houses ; for the means of rendering an art or trade less insalubrious ; for works or discoveries published in the course of the year upon objects of utility ; and one by M. Lalande, for the prin- cipal astronomicad discovery or observation. Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Jenner, Dr. Herschell, Dr. Priestley, and Sir Humphrey Davy, were honorary members of this aca- demy. Tlie AcaddnUe Bqjrale des Beaux-ArU is also divided into sections, designated and composed as fol- lows;— Painting, i4 members; sculpture, eight; ar- chitecture, eight; engraving, four ; musical composition, six. The Royal Academy of the Fine Arts also distri- butes annual prizes . Those who obtain the grand prizes of sculpture, architecture, and musical composition, are sent for thi*ee years to Rome, and supported there by the French Academy, at the expense of the government. The Acaddmie des Sciences appoints two perpetual se- cretaries, and each of the other academies one, subject to the king's approbation. To the Academic des Belles- Lettres and to that of the Sciences is added a class of ten free academicians, who enjoy the same privileges as the other members, and are elected by vote. The Royal
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4aO SCIENTIFIC LVD LITERA&T ISSTTrVTlOWS :
Academy of the Fine Arts has also a class of free aca* demiciaos, the number of which is decided by the aca- demy. Each academy, except the Acadimie Fran^se^ has a certain number of foreign associates, who are ge* nerally the most distinguished artists, and k'terary and scientific men, in their respective countries. Thej have also correspondents among the literary men of the French provinces, and in most of the large towns of Europe. An annual grant is made to the Minister of the Interior, . for the salaries of the members, secretaries, and other
t persons attached to the establishment, and for literary labours, experiments, prizes, printing, etc. Thisgrant is distributed to tlie four academies in proportion to their respective labours and necessities. The nomina- tions to vacancies are made by the respective academies, but the persons chosen must be confirmed by the king. The hall of the Institute is common to the four acade- mies. The Academic Francaise holds its weekly meet> ings on Thursdays ; the Acad^nie des Inscriptions et Beiles-Lettres, on Fridays ; the Acadimie des Sciences, on Mondays ; and the Academic des Beaox-Ai^, on Sa- turdays. . The annual meeting of the Acaddmie Fran- caise is on St. -Louis's Day; of the Acaddmiedes Inscrip tions et Belles-Lettres, in July ; of the Acadimie des Sciences, on the first Monday in June ; and of the Aca- ddmie des Beaux Arts, on the first Saturday in October. The general annual meeting of the Institute, compre- hending the four academies, is on the 24th of April, the anniversary of the day when Louis XVUI landed at Ca- lais, in 181 4- On public occasions the members of the Institute wear a costume of black embroidered with olive-leaves in green silk.
The meetings of the Institute were held at the Louvre till 1806, when the government granted to them the ^ college Mazarin, now called the palace of the Institute * on the quai Conti. This edifice was founded in execo- ;' tion of the will of cardinal Mazarin, for the sons of 60 , gentlemen or principal burgesses of Roussillon, Pignerol, Alsace, and Flanders, which had been recently con- quered or annexed to the crown ; the collegians were to be gratuitously boarded, and instructed in religion
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IWSTITUT DE FRANCE. 4^1
and belles-lettres ; they were also to learn fencing, riding, and dancing. These nations alone being admissible into the coUece, it took the name of Quatre-Nations: The cardinal jseqneathed to the college bis library, the sum of a, 000,000 liTres for the expense of its construction, and an annuity of 45, 000 livres.
This edi6ce was commenced in 1 66 1 , after the designs of Levan, and under the direction of Lambert and d'Or- bay, on an irregular piece of ground. The front forms the segment of a circle, terminated at the extremities by pavilions. In the centre is the portico of the church (now the hall where the public meetings are held), com- posed of four columns and two pilasters of the Corinthian order, surmounted by a pediment, in the tympanum of which is a clock supported by two figures. Beneath the pediment is the inscription — Palais de rinstitut. Above it rises a dome terminated by a lantern. The wings, less elevated than the central pile and the pavi- lions, are ornamented with Ionic pilasters, and a balus- trade upon the cornice, which conceals the roof. The pavilions are decorated vnth Corinthian pilasters, and vases upon the entablatures. In front of the Institute are two fountains, each formed of two lions in cast-iron, from whose mouths the water issues. The axis of the portico and dome is precisely the same as that of the southern front of the Louvre, and a communication is formed between the two edifices by the construction of the pont des Arts. The front is picturesque and not destitute of grandeur. The pavilions whicti terminate the wings projecting very far upon the quay, orders were given m 1769 for their demolition ; but if this pro- ject had been executed, the general efiect of the struc- ture would have been very considerably injured. The cotu*ts and interior constructions diverge oreatly from the exterior <lirection of the edifice. To nide this defect the architect formed a first court of an octagonal form, with projections on the four facades. The projection on the right leads to the public rooms of the Insti- tute ; and that on the left to the Biblioth^ue Mazarine ; they are both decorated witli Corinthian pilasters and
DO
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4aa sciBVTiFic aitd literaet nrsnTunoifs.
pediments ; in the tympanum of the former ii a dock supported by two figures, by Desjardins, and in that of the latter, the arms of cai^nal Mazarin. The boildingB of the second court have never been finished. Destinra originally for a college, they were constructed without any architectural ornament. They are occupied as pri- vate rooms for the Institute, and work-rooms for artists. To the left is the library of the Institute.
The entrance to the hall of the Institute, in the prin- cipal front, is no longer used, but, as we have alraady stated, it is approached by a door to the right in the first court. In the comdor is a plaster statue of Cassim, by Moitte. The first vestibule contains marUe statues: — viz. d'AIembert, by Lecomte; Montaigne, bj Stouff; president Mol^, by Gois ; and Montesquieu, by CJodioo. The second vestibule has RoUin, by Lecomte ; and Mon- tausieur, by Mouchy, also in marble. The Salle d* At'- tenie^ which leads to the grand hall, possesses six mar- ble statues, namely, Molidre and Gomeille, by Gafiieri; La Fontaine and Poussin, by Julien; Racine, by Boiiot; and Pascal, by Pajou. The grand hall where the sit- tings of the Institute are held, has been censured for its theatrical appearance; but M. Yaudoyer, who was charged to alter the church for its present destination, had serious difficulties to encounter, and has certainly succeeded in affording accommodation to the greatest number of spectators possible. Above the president's seat is a marble bust of Charles X, by Bosio. The mem- bers of the Institute occupy benches in the form of a semicircle, on each side of the centre of the hall. In al- lusion to this arrangement it has been said of the mem- bers, Spectatum veniunt, specianiur ut ipsi. The re- cesses formed by the diapels are now occupied by calleries. The interior of the dome is enriched with fine sculpture, by Desjardins, but is rather too high for its small diameter. This, however, is now conceded, as a second dome ornamented with painting in imitation of sculpture has been formed below the original one. The orchestra is placed in a very advantageous manner for the effect of the music, and is richly ornamented
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l'obsb&vatoiee. 4a3
with gilding. The hall is adorned with marble stataes of Bossnet and Descartes, by Pajou; Fteelon, bj Le Gomte; and SuUy, by Mouchy.
This establishment possesses a library,* called Bib^ UoMaue de rinstitui. It is entered by a door in the second court, and occupies a long wainscoted room, or- namented with carved work, at the extremity of which is a jusUy celebrated statne of Yoltaire, in marble, by Pjgalle ; the expense of which was defrayed by a sub- scription, in which even sovereions were eager to join. On each side is a gallery. Into uiis library no stranger is admitted without an introduction by a member, which it is easy to obtain.
L'OBSERVATOIRE, Rite (SEnfer. Upon the establishment of the Academy of the Sci- ences in the reign of Louis XIV, it was found necessary, in order to fud^tate the labours of its members, to con- struct a laboratory and an observatory. The Labora- tory was constructed in a part of the building belonging to the royal library ; and after considerable deliberation it was decided that the Observatory should be elected upon the spot which it now occupies. Claude Perrault was charg^ by Colbert to prepare a desi^ for this edi- fice, which was begun in i66^, and finished in 167a. When the building was considerably advanced, John Dominic de Cassini, a celebrated asti'onomer, whom Colbert had sent for from Bologna, came to Paris. He found the structure so ill adapted for astronomical ob- servations, that, at his sujg;gestions, several alterations w^ere made, notv^thstanding which, there is no part of the building from which they can be made with accuracy.
The principal pile forms a parallelogram of go feet by 82, to which have been added on the south two oc- tagonal towers, that give a greater extension to the front. In the north front is a projection of 24 feet,
* The BibUothe<[tte Mazarine, in the same building, is a sepa- rate establishment. See BibiioMque Mazarine.
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4^4 SCIENTIFIC AMD LITEEIRY IHSTITDTIOHS X
which forms the grand entrance. The platform which crowns the edifice is 85 feet from the groond. The sub- terranean vaults of the Observatory are in depth equal to the elevation of the building. Great difficulty was found in obtaining a solid foundation on account of the quarries beneath ; these it was necessary to BU op with huge masses of stone. The aspect of the Observatoi-y is striking ; its architecture is remarkable for grandeur and simplicity ; and it may be considered a public edi- fice of the first order. Neither wood nor iron were used in its construction . The whole building is of stone, and all the rooms and staircases are vaulted. The principal part of this edifice being found useless, a low small building has been erected on the east, in which nearly aU the observations are made. This structure is so disposed, that the two lateral fronts are parallel, and the two others perpendicular to the meridian line, which forms its axis, and which is traced on the floor of a large room at the second story. This line, prolonged to the south and the north, extends on one side to Collioure, and on the other to Dunkirk. The meridian line, which divides this building into two equal parts, is the point from which French astronomers reckon their longitude ; its direction is marked by an obelisk at Montmartre, the distance of which from the Observatory is nearly three English miles and a half. Its prolongation, extending from Dunkirk to Barcelona, served to measure the quarter of the terrestrial meridian, which is calculated to be equal to 5,1 5o, 740 toises. The ten millionth part of this length has neen adopted for the metre or standard of long measure in France. The line of the southern front of the Observatory corresponds with that of the latitude of Paris, which crosses France in the direction of east to west. This line and the meridian crossing each other at the centre of the southeiii front of the Ob- servatory, have served for the point of departure of nu- merous triangles, from which has been projected the general map of France, called Carte de Cassini or da tObservaloirey published in i8a sheets.
On the ground-floor is an opening, three feet in di- ameter, which leads to the subterranean rooms, by a
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spiral fUircase of 56o steps. Formerly there was a cor-' responding opening, which passed through the various floors to the roof of the edince, affording the means of astronomical observations, for experiments upon the fall of bodies, and the verification of barometers. The sub- terranean building, which forms a kind of labyrinth, is used for observations on the mean temperature of the earth at that depth, which is higher than the annual mean temperature ofP the atmosphere. For some years past they have been dosed on account of accidents from persons imprudently advancing too far into the quames, which un^wrmine t^is part of Paris to a great extent^ but visitors may obtam peimission to go down, if accom- panied hy a guide. On the first-floor is a telescope 2!» feet in length, and aa inches in diameter, which is fixed to a large moveable frame, and can be drawn out on the platform of the southern front ; there is also an achro- matic telescope of large dimensions. Every night, when the weather permits, observations are made from this platfonur and the small rooms adjoining. On the second- floor is a spacious room, which in 1787, was almost entirely rebuilt, in consequence of damage occasioned to the walls and ceiling by the percolation of water from the roof. In this room are globes, various magnetic instruments, the meridian line upon the floor, and the marble statue of Cassini, who died in 17 12, at the age of 87 years. This statue, larger than life, was executed in i8iOy by Moitte, and represents the Italian a8tronf> mer seated in the act of meditation. In the salie des secrets is a phenomenon in accoustics : by putting the mouth against a pilaster and speaking low, the voice may be heard by a person at the opposite pilaster, and by no other person in the room. Upon the floor of another room IS a universal chart, engraved by Cbazelles and Sedileau . Upon the roof of this edifice, wb ich is formed of thick stones, a square stone building, flanked with two tuiTets, was erected about the year 1810. In one of these turrets has been fixed an achromatic telescope, designed to observe comets. An anemometer, fixed at the summit, indicates the direction of the wind, upon a dial placed under the vault of one of the rooms, which
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4^6 SCIENTIFIC AND LITEA4RT IZfSTITIJTIOHS.
is adorned with portraits of celebrated astronomers, 9m3t paintings representing the seasons and the signs of the zodiac. There is also here a plaviameto*, for ascer- taining the <raantitj of rain which falls at Paris in a year. A well-selected library is attached to tlie esta- blishment, and a fine mnral circle has been erected by the munificence of the dauphin.
The contiguous building on the east is entered from the first floor of the principal structure. It contains various instruments, and among others a transit instru- ment to observe the meridian passaj[e of the sun. The roof of this small building opens in various parts, by means of a simple mechamcal arrangement, and affords a view of the heavens.
Until 1 8 1 1 , the front of the Observatory was in great part hidden by houses and other buildings, which have since been taken down. It is now surroiuided by a ter- race according to the original plan of Peirault, and the outer court is enclosed by palisades and two modem pavilions. A wide avenue, planted with trees> extenAs in a straight line from these pavilions to the railing c& the gau*den of the Luxembourg, and firom thence to the walk in front of the centre of tne palace. On the vacant spot between the palisades of the garden and tiiose of the Observatory, the unfortunate Alurshai Ney was shot in December, i8i5.
The Bureau des Longitudes* holds its sittings at the Observatory, which is open to strangers every day.
UNIVERSITY DE FRANCE.
Charlemagne is supposed to have founded the Uni- versity of Paris, with the assistance of Alcuinus, an Englishman, and disciple of the venerable Bede. In succeeding ages, different kin^ of France founded uni- versities in several of the principal towns of the kinj^om. In the reign of Philip Augustus the Universitirof Paris had become so celebratMl, that, independently otFrenchmen, Germans, Italians, and particularly Englishmen, flocked
* See BvftKAu db Lohqitvaes.
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to it for instmction. All the sciences of the time were taught ; and such was the veneration it inspired, that Thomas a Becket, archhishop of Canterbury, who came to Paris to visit the university, compared it to Jacob's ladder. The rector had the privilege of presenting himself at court on all state occasions, and deuvering an address to the king, as also of presenting to him a wax taper on Candlemas-day. The number of universities in France at the commencement of the Revolution, was 10 or 12, independentiy of the vallous colleges and schools founded by different relieious orders; but at that period the whole were dissolved. After various . attempts to supply their place by the establishment of primary, secondary, and central schools in the depart- ments, the late government adopted a plan of public edu- cation entirely new. For the Courts of Justice, which had succeeded to the ancient Parlemens established in various parts of France, a5 Courts of Appeal were cre- ated in the principal towns, and the whole Ordre Judi- eiaire was made subordinate to a Grand Judge, Minister of Justice. In like manner, one Imperial university, consisting of as many Academies as there were Courts of Appeid, was established for all France, under the direction of a council and a Grand Master. Upon the restoration in 18 14* Louis XYm abolished the office of Grand Judge, but retained the Courts of Appeal, ' now called Cours Eorales ; and, at the same time, did away with the council and Grand Master of the Univer- sity, but kept up the Academies. The council was af- terwards re-established, under the title of Conseil Royal de F Instruction Publiquey and placed under the auUio- rii^ of the Minister of the Interior; and in 182a, the office of Grand Master, who is also Minister of Public Instruction, was restored. The council consists of nine members, including the secretary. There are also 17 Inspectors-General of Studies. An academy in France, therefore, includes, in eeneral, every establishment for education ; and none whatever can be created without the permission of the Royal Council of Public Instruc- tion. This council holds its meetings at noon, on Tues- days and Saturdays, at the chief office of the University,
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4^8 SCIENTIFIC AND LITBRAAT UrSTITUTIONS.
ISo, a4, rue des Saints-Pires. The office is open to the public on Thursdays, from 1 1 to one o'clock.
The University, as it yras established by the late go- vernment, and as it still exists, is composed as foUows: — I, les FacultSs ; a, les Colleges Royaux* etColUges Communaux ; 3, les Institutions et Pensions; 4y ^^ ^coles Primaires. The University possesses a library, which is placed at the Sorbonne, and special funds for granting pensions to superannuated and infirm teachers.
ACADEMIE DE PARIS. »
, \' The Academy of Paris occupies the buildings of tl^e V Sorbonne^ a celebrated school foundedbvjjobgrt Sor- C bon, in ia53. The object of this establishment was' "iu Torm a society of ecclesiastics, who, living in common, might devote themselves exclusively to gratuitous study and teaching. This institution soon became cel^rateSl throughout Europe . Cardinal Richelieu, who had been bachelor and prior of this house, having become its sro- viseur^ rebuilt the college, after the designs of Le Sier- cier. The fii*st stone of the church was laid in May, 1 635, but it was not finished till i65g. The different parts of the edifice are well proportioned. The dome is accompanied by four cupolas, and the whole is sur- mounted by a platform which supports a balcony, a lan- tern, and a gilt cross. The front towards the place de Sorbonne is ornamented with two orders of architec- ture ; the first is Corinthian, with three-quarter co- lumns ; the second is Composite, but formed only by pilasters, which correspond with tlie columns in the in- terior, l^ween the columns are fom* niches, formeriy adorned with statues. At the window of the second storey is a clock.
The interior of tlie church is of middling dimensions. The Composite pilasters w^itli which it is oiiiameated, are crowned by a cornice of fine proportions. Between the pilasters are niches, in which were statues of angels, and the Twelve Apostles. No building in Paris suflcred
Under Napoleon tBese were called Lycccs*
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more daring the RevolutioQ than the church of the Sor- bonne , and such was its state of decay that part of the roof bad fadlen in, when Napoleon ordered sucn repairs to be executed as were necessary to preserve it from total ruin. After the Restoration it was used as a lecture- room of the Law-school ; but, in 182 5, it was restored to divine woi^hip. The magnificent paintings of the domcy by Philippe de Champagne, representing the &• thers of the Latin church, have been I'etouched. A new pavement has been laid down, and an altar of marble, ornamented with four columns in stucco, supporting a pediment, has been erected. The choir is fitted up with stalls, and above the inner porch is an organ. From this church the beautiful mausoleum of caixlinal Richelieu, deemed the masterpiece of Girardon, was removed at tfie Revolution, but it has since been restored, and oc- cupies a chapel on the right. The statue of the caidinal, in a reclining posture, is sustained by Religion holding the book which he composed in her defence. Near her are two genii, who support the arms of the cardinal. At the opposite extremity is a woman in tears, who re- presents Science deploring the loss of her protector. Near this monument is a fine picture, in which Robert •SorboD is seen presenting his pupils to St. Louis. It abo contains a monument to the memory of the late duke de Richelieu, president of the Council.
The house of the Sorbonne consists of three ranges of building, flanked by four large pavilions, which surround a spacious court in the form of a parallelogram. On the fourth side rises a superb portico, which forms one of the lateral fronts of the church. This portico is elevated on i5 steps, and is formed of 10 Corinthian columns, of which six are in front, surmounted by a pediment. At the bottom of the court are the offices of the secreta- ries of the faculties of letters, the sciences, etc.
The Academy of Paris consists of a rector, who is also grand-master of the University, an inspector-gene- ral of studies, niae sub-inspectors, and an academic council of 34 members, including the president.
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43o SCfEWTinC AHD LITBEAUY iHSTiTtrnoirs.
LES FAGULTES. The fkculUes are divided into five classes, viz. theo- logy, law, medicine, sciences, and letters. With the exception of Strasbourg, Paris is the onljr dty in Fraiue that has professors in all the faculties.
FAGULTE DE THEOLOGIE. The seat of this faculty was at the Sorbonne, till the Revolution, when it was suppressed. Upon its reorga- nization it was established in the ancient CoUi69e du Plessis Sorhonne, but has since been restored to the Sor- bonne. The number of the professorships is five, viz., I, doctrines and evidences of Christianity ; a, morality; 3, ecclesiastical history and church discipline; 4» ^^ brew; 5, sacred eloquence.
FAGULTE DE DROIT/ JVo, 8, place Ste.-GeneiHh^e. The study of Law was introduced into Fnmoe, from the celebrated schoob of Ravenna and Bolosna, about the middle of the i3th century ; but the earnest nodce that we have of the estaHishment of regular law-sdiCHils is of 1 584. Louis XY reoi^ganised the school abool the year 1762, and it was then composed of six profes- sors of canon and civil law, one professor of Frendii law> and I a docieurs agr^g^s. The faculty occupied a build- ing in the rue St.-Jean-de-Beauvais till the reign «f Louis Xy, when it was resolved to erect a new school upon the place Ste.-Genevi^ve. This stmctiwe was be- jrun in 1 77 1 , after the designs of Soufflot. The entrance IS ornamented with four Ionic columns, crowned hy a pediment ; above which is a black marble tablet, with tike inscription, Jteole de DroHy and still higher, the royal arms. Between two figures in relief, over the door, is a medallion of Louis XY. This building would have a good effect were it not for its .dose vici- nity to the immense mass of the church of Ste.-G«ne- vieve. The interior is commodiously disposed in lec-
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tnve-ftiofiMy elc. The sdiool of Uw is now dhided into u seetioiifl. Tic.-*!, Institutes de Jfistinien ; a, Le Code Ce^U ; 5, Fandectes ; 4, Code de Commerce; 5, Pra- cidure Cipile^ etc. ; 6, Droit adminisirati/. A student of law ii not admitted to the lectures, unless he deposits with the secretary of theCicul^ a certificate of his birth, a diploma of bachelor of arts of the Faculty of Letters, and the consent of his parents or guardian, if he be a minor. The course of studies for obtaining the degree (^bachelor in law is two years; three to be a licentiate ; and four to be a doctor of kws. The courses of lec- tnrea nhnst also have been reg[ularly attended, and public examinations and theses maintained. The number of law^ students is about 2,000. Above 1,000 are examined annoaUy, in order to obtain an advocate's diploma.
FAGULTE DE MEDECINE, iVb. 14, rue de tEcole de MSdecine, The earliest historical notice that we possess of the practice of medicine in France, is of the sixth century. The period when it became a science at Paris is un- known. Under Philip Augustus, medicine was amone the sciences taught at the University, but at that period there was no particular place appropriated to its study, and the lectures were delivered in the houses of the pro- fessors. The number of scholars augmenting, houses were hiied for that purpose, but no special school was established tiJltheyear 1 469. A prcnect was then formed to build schools in the rue de la Bncherie, which were begun in 1472, and completed in 1477. In 1618, an amphitheatre was erected, in which the anatomical de- monstrations were made till 1744* when it was rebuilt upon a more spacious and commodious plan. It received light by a dome, ornamented on the outside by allego- rical sUtoes, and smmported within by eight columns of the Doric order. The buildings of this school having fallen into ruin, the faculty removed, in 1776, to an edi- fice in the rueSt.-Jean-de-Beauvai9, previously occupied by the Faculty of Law. The professors of anatomy and midwifery, however, still continued for a considerable
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time to deliver their lectures in the amphitheatre ro^ ^ de la Bucherie. The Faculty of M4decine occapied the ' building in the rue St.-Jean-de-Beauvais, till their nnion with the ^cole de Chirurgiey when they removed to the new school of the latter, in Uie street now called roe de Vt^ctAe de BIMecine . The first stone of this magnificent edifice was laid by Louis XY, in 1 769, and it was opened on the 3 1 A of August, 1 776. It was built upon the site of the ancient College de Bourgocne, after the designs of Gondouin, and is a specimen of the most elegant and at the same time pure architecture in Paris. The firoot towards the street is 198 feet in length, and is adorned with 16 columns of the Ionic order. Above the en- trance is a bas-relief, by Berruer, representing Loms XV, accompanied by Wisdom and Beneficence, grantiog favours and privileges to surgery^ and the Genius o£the Arts presenting to the king die plan of the hmldin^. A peristyle of four rows of Ionic columns anites the two wings . The court is ^ feet in length by 06 in breadth. At tne bottom is a superb portico of six Corinthian co- lumns, of large pro{x>rtions, resting upon steps, and surmounted by a pediment. The bas-relief of the tym- panum, by Berruer, represents Theory and Practice jom- ing hands on an altar. Theory is I'epresented by gmdi^ bearing books ; Practice by others occupied in dissec- tions. In the upper part of the wall, at the hack of this portico, are fvve medallions surrounded with gar- lands of oak, presenting portraits of the following cele- brated surgeons : Pitara, Par^, Marshal, La l^yronnie, and Petit. The rest of the architectura of the court con- sists of 26 tliree^quarter Ionic columns, to correspond with the front.
The amphitheatre, Which Is opposite the entrance, is lighted from above, and is capable of containing i ,Soo students. On the wall in front of the piwdent's chair, which is elevated a few feet above the professors* seats, I is inscribed :— I
AD CADS8 HOMinUM PRIftCA AMmiTltRiTliX PATERXST, TT L05- | OVM DISCAWT TITBRK HOSTIIA PATBNT.
In the aniphitheati*e are three large paintings in
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^eaeOf by Gibeljn. Hut in the centre represents the Gcniiift of Medioiiie crowned by Fame, and koUUng focili to anadmaicians and pii{>ii8 prizes of encourage^ menlt. Beneath it is this inscription—
^K MSHVAISARCB DU 80VTBR4IV HATS LIVES rSOOftis BT EBCOH-
ruta LIVE liLB.
In that on the ri|;ht, Esculapius is seen teaching the elements of medicine and surgerj. Inscription —
114 TIBBSUr DBS BIBVX LBS »BIlfCt»BS QO'lLJ BOOS OUT
That on the left represents surgeons dressing the wound- ed after a battle. Inscription —
ILS BTAirCBXHT LB B4RG COHSACBB ALA BXFBHSB DB LA PATBIB.
fiejow, are basts of the two founders of the school of surgerj J La Peyronnie and Lamartini^re, by Lemoine.
On the first-floor towards the street, and on the right of the court, is an extensive and valuable Cabinet of Human and Comparative Anatomy, etc., well deserving the traveller's attention from the multiplicity and varietv of its contents. It is approached by a staircase on the left ci the peristyle. The first gattery contains anatomical preparations, both wet and dr^. To the ri^t on entering, are several ^^Lass-cases, in which is exhibited a system of coteoLogy, admirably arranged, illustrating the struc- ture, growth, and diseases of the bones, from the foetal skeleUm to the adult. The first case contains bones withont their earthy parts ; t^ other cases present en- tire bones, the crania of different nations, the trunk, the pelvis, and the articular system, terminated by ex- amples of exostosis, necrosis, and anchylosis. On the <»ppQ8to side are foetal specimens including several iuMi naUirm; a complete system of injected prepara- tioiu showing the courses of the arteries and veins, executed with a minuteness and delicacy which reflect the highest honour on the French anatomical school ; aeyeraf preparations of the various glandular systems \ the foetus in utero, in ^irits ; specimens of the morbid parts, forming aneurism of the aorta ; and preparations
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of the part* and fascis fonning the various hermae. b the centre are a great number of calooli and calcalim concretions, biliary and vesical ; illustrations of 4e morbid state of the organ of vision, such as catand. amaurosis, ophthalmia, etc. ; injected preparations A the brain ; the anastomosis of the arteriad system rooid the joints ; the course and termination of the thoracic duct and jugular veins; several fine muscular casts; the anatomy of the ear in all its minutiie, displaying the ta- lent and ingenuity of Clo<juet and Breschet in a nysaer v^hich excites the admiration of the medi<ad world and the casual observer; and two perfect specimens of the absorbent system in wax, by Pinson. The preparalioDS of the brain, the origin of the nervous system, and dx course of the great sympathetic nerve, will be duly ap- preciated from the fineness and exposi of the dtswcfioD. This gallery is terminated by several cases of the osseous system of quadrupeds, birds, fishes, and itftites, show- ing the gradation from the lower orders in tiie scaW oC ammated beings to the human race. The heads oC ^ elephant and rhinoceros, and skeletons of several mBii- naung animals, will be observed on the summit of the side-cases ; also an Egyptian mummy divested of its en- velopments.
The next room contains a very extensive coUectroD of instruments of ancient and modern surgery, arranged in chronological order, in which may be traced the pro- gressive improvement from the unwieldy instruments of the old school to those n^ore simple and elegant one employed in the practice of modem surgery. There is also a fine cast ofthe Apollo Belvidere in this room.
The third room contains inimitable wax preparations of the progress and UXsl results of various diseases ; the maxillary sinus, the stomach, the pylorus, the hepatic and other abdominal viscera taken firom extraordinaiy cases; diseases of the uterus and unusual formations; those of the knee-joints, and several cutaneous diseases, as elephantiasis, etc. The last case contains a lai^pe collection of casts of aneurisms of the aorta, and large blood-vessels, correctly represented, internally and
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entemaUy. Various diseases of the valves and mal-con- fonnatioDS of the heart, as well as unusual origins of its larger arteriesy are admirably modelled in vrai, by Cloquety Laumonier, and Pinson.
Tne centre of the room is occupied with some admi- rable wax figures of the nerves of tlie brain, face, neck, and ear ; the lacteal and glandular system of the mesen- tery, and other preparations of the origin and connexion of the sympathetic and cardiac nerves, as well as the external absorbents of the lower extremities and groin ; abortions ; several casts of hermaphrodites ; severai aoe- plialons infants ; a spotted foetal negro ; and a cast of the dwarf named B^b^, of his natural sise, contained in a glass-case^ with the following inscription :— *
<* Nicolas Ferry, nain, recneilli et eleve sous le nom dc B^hc, a la cour dn roi aUnisUs, qui en fit un de set amiiseinens. Ce nain est ici reprcsente d'aprts im de ses portraits, revetu d'habille- mens tons tires de sa garde-robe qu'il a lui-mlme portes, et ua peu de temps avant sa mort.
** 11 naquit dans les Vosges, et moumt le 9 jain 1764 , age d'en- ^iron 25 ans. A sa naissance il pesait 12 onces; un sabot lui •ervit de premier bcrceau.
'^VoyesuL description plus etendne, etson^pitaphe , rapportees dans le Supplemmnde PEnnyeloptdiet vol. iv, pages 5 et 6."
Above the glass-cases are casts in plaster of the heads of a great number of malefactors who have been executed at Paris.
The fourth room is surrounded by glass-cases con- taining specimens of all the substances of the materia medica used in medicine at the present day.
The fifth room contains instruments for optical and physical experiments, to which the public are not ad- mitted without an order from the director or a medical professor. The other parts of the building contain rooms for demonstration, apartments for the superin- tendents, a council-chamber and a well-selected and extensive library. The latter, which is entered by a door to the left of that of the cabinet of anatomy, is spa- cious, contains a multitude of curious treatises on medi- cine and surgery, and has a bust of Hippocrates in the centre.
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The conncil-chamber is adorned with a pictnfe "by Girodet, representing Hippocrates refiufng the presettl^ offered to him hy the enemies of his country; and several busts of the most eminent French anatoittisttf and
geons.
Attached to the Schod of Medicitte are several dis- secting-rooms in different parts of Paris. The principal are at the H^pitsd de la Piti^, and at No. 1 1 , roe de VOb- servanoe.
The J^ooie de Ctinitfue of the Faculty of Medicine forms a part of tihe H^pital de la Charity [See pmge'hS^). The portico of the school, in the roe des Saifvts-P^res, by Antoine, is worthy of attention. It is snrmonnted by a bas-relief representittg Hippocrates. Few persons are allowed to enter this sdiool, except members of the Faculty of Medicine and students.
By a royal ordonnance, dated November 3fst, rdaa, the Faculty of Medicine was suppressed, in consequence of a disturbance which took place three days before, during the delivery of the lectures. The ordonnanoe set forth, that several similar disturbances wluch bad occurred proved the existence of a radical defect in the organisation of the faculty, and that the Bfinister of the Interior was charged to lay before his Majesty a new system of organisation.
On the std of February, 1823, the king signed an ordonnance for the reorganisation of the Fatalty of Medicine. It is now composed of a3 professors, ejght honorary professors, and 45 agrdgis or fellows. The lectures, which are delivered every day except Sundays, are divided into the following classes : i , anatomy aind physiology, two professors ; a, medical chemistry ; 5, medico-ptiysics ; 4) medical natural history ; 5, phar- macology; 6, hygiene ; 7, surgical pathology (two pro- fessors] ; 8, medical pathology (two professors) ; 9, ope- rations and dressings for wounds, etc. ; 10, therapeutic and materia medica ; it, legal medicine; 12, mid* vnfery, and diseases of women and infants ; i3, clinical medicine (four professors); i4, clinical surgery (three professors] ; i5, clinical midwifery.
Besides the professors, agregSs assist at the examina-
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tioos of stadeBti. It is talent alone which (Stains for them their sitoation, and the profesaora are genei-aJly chosen from among tfaetn.
Prerioiisly to obtaining the degree of M.D., a candi- date must become Bachelor in Letters and Bachelor in Sciences, the former degree being similar to that of Bachelor of Arts, at Oxford and Cambridge, the latter to that of Master of Arts. He mast take out 16 inscrip- tions, whidi comprises a period of four ^ears. Each inscription costs 5o fr., and it admits him to aU the lectures for three mon^. To the English and other foreigners, to whom it is supposed that the regulations of the university may not be known, it is alfowed to become Bachelor whilst taking out their inscriptions : but every French student must have obtained those de- grees before be inscribes his name on the Album for the Dactorai. This last degree requires five public examina- tions on all the branches of medicine ; after which the candidate must write a thesis, either In Latin or French^ which he must support in public, in opposition to three professors and two agr^gSs. Besides the degree of Doctor in Medicine, there is also that of Doctor in Sur- g^rjy which is not the case in any of the British univer- sities. There is Ukewise a class of medical practitioners in France, known by the name of Officiers de Sanli. They are not required to have any Jegree. They un- dergo but three sligbt examinations, and are legally entitled to practice only what is called la petite chirur^e. They were instituted for the service ot the republican armies, when surgeons of every degree of skill were acceptable. The French government have lately had it in contemplation to suppress this class. It frequently happens that waiters at hotels recommend these Osiers de 5'aiii^ to foreigners, who suppose, during their illness, that they are attended by a physician or surgeon. In the lecture-rooms the Eng^h student will not fail to remark a striking difference between the appearance, maimers, and education of those youths intended for physicians and surgeons, and those who are merely vaXetiAeAXoh^ Officers deSwttd, If an English student has attended the medical schools of London, Dublin, or
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Edinburgh, a certain number of inscriptions will be allowed him, but which he will be called upon to pay for. This, in many cases, will of course shorten the period of four years, which .he would otherwise be • obliged to remain, or rather of four years and a half, as alter he possesses the whole of his inscriptions, it will take him six months to pass his examinations.
The cabinet of anatomy and the library ai*e open to the public, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from ten o'clock till two.
Connected with this faculty is a pharmacy school. {See ^cole de Pharmaeie).
FAGULTE DES SCIENCES.
This learned society is established in the ancient build- ings of the Sorbonne. Its professors lecture on the higher branches of algpebra, on differential and integral computation, descriptive geometry,, natural philo90|^y, astronomy, mechanics, chemistry, mineralogy, botany, and zoology. The number of professors is eight, and that of deputy-professors six.
FAGHLtA DES LETTRES. In this faculty there are i5 professors, who deliver lectures on Greek literature, on Latin and French eloquence and poetry, on the history of letters, on philosophy and its history, ancient and modem, on geography, and on ancient and modem history. This faculty likewise occupies part of the buildings of the Sorbonne.
ROYAL COLLEGES. There are in Paris five royal and two private col- leges, between the pupils of which, and the royal col- lege of Versailles, there is a general competition for prizes at the end of each scholastic year. To this efTect ei^ht or ten pupils of each class who have most disiin- guished themselves are selected, and the adjudication of the prizes is conducted with great pomp at the Sorboone,
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in the pretence of the whole corps unwersitaire. Three of the royal colleges, viz. those of LomS'le-Grand^ Henri IV^ zsASt.'LouiSy admit boarders and day-scholars. , The two others, namely, the CoUdge de Bourbon, and tlu^X oi Charlemagne, receive day-scholars only. The terms for board are i,ooo fr. a year, besides 60 fr. for coU^ daes, and 45 fr . for university fees. Music, danc- ing, etc., are extra charges. The royal colleges are each governed by an insjpeeteur^ndral des Etudes, a proviseur, to whom is joined a censeur des Etudes, and a steward. The colleges which receive boarders have also a chaplain, and two assistant-chaplains. The pupils of the institutions 2Lnd pensions are obliged to attend the lectures in the royal colleges ; and such young gen- tlemen as have private tutors are also admitted. The course of education comprises the Greek, Latin, Italian, English, and German languages ; philosophy, physics, be£s-Iettres, mathematics, history, geocraphy, writing, drawing, fencing, music, dancing, and singing. The masters of institutions have the pnvilege of paying only iSfr. per annum for college dues, in addition to the 4^ fr. which they pay for university fees. When the , classes are very numerous they are formed into two divisions.
In the departments, there are royal colleges in all great towns. In small towns the colleges are called coUdges eommunaux ; these are private establishments aided by the commune and subject to the surveillance of the authorities. The royal colleges of Paris deserve a visit from the intelligent traveller.
COLLtoE ROYAL DE LOUIS-LE-GRAND,
Vo. 123, rue St. - Jacques. This was fj/-0 ;iy the College de Clermont, founded in 1660 uy \T» laume Duprat, bishop of Clermont. rne first stone of the chapel was luid by Henry ID, in f 58a . The Jesuits bought it in 1 563, and modified the institution according to the spirit of their order. This society being expelled from France in i5p4, the college viras abandoned, and when recalled in 1604, they were
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440 ROTAL GOLLEGB8.
forbiddeii to re-open it, or to oive inftmction. It was not till 1618 that they obtained this indolgenoe, when, delivered from all restrictionfl, they detennined to re- build their college. The first gtone was laid on the ist ^ of August, 1628, and it ^as erected after the designs of Augustin Guillain.
Louis XIV, who always had Jesuits for confessors, was a great benefactor to this college, which induced its members to eive it the name of the king, instead of that of the founder. At its erection, the following in- scription was placed over the portal —
COLLBOIUM CLAROMOATAIftlli SOCltTATiS JSSO.
In 16741 Louis XIV being present at a tragedy per- formed by the pupils, said to a nobleman who had expressed his satisfaction with the representation, Faut'il s'en dlonner ? c'est mon colUffe, After the monarch's departure, the ancient inscription was re^ moved, and during the night workmen were employed in engraving upon a tablet of black marUe these words, in golden letters-^
GOLLIGIVM LuDOTlCt HaOHI.
The next day the new inscription was put up, and the college bore the name of Louis-le-Grtma till the Revo- lution . The Jesuits, suppressed and banished in 1 76^2, being driven for the second time from France in 1763, the member of the College de LisieUx removed into this building. In 170^, this college, organized under a new form, received the name of College de PEgalitii; in 1800, that of Prjriande Franpais ; in i8o4, that of Lycie Imperial; and in i8i4> it resumed its former name of ColUge de Louis^e^rand. The buildings have been augmented at dijSerent periods, but present no^ thing remarkable in point of architecture.
COLLEGE ROYAL DE HESKI IV,
iVb. 1, rue de Clovis. This college is established in part of the chm*ch and Other buildings of the celebrated abbey of Ste.-G«ne*
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BOYAL COLLEGES. 4^1
i^ve, ftrandM by GlovU I, in the beginnkig of tin k%Mi century. The only part of the stmctore that n ancient is the tower of the diurch, built in i ij5. The other baOdings were constructed in 1^44, except the front, which wa^ erected in i8st5, and is remarkaUy plain. This institution took the name of Lye^e Napa-- Uonyin i8oa, and that of GdZ^^ 1^6 J7eiiW/f^,ini8i4.
COLLEGE ROYAL DE ST.-LOUIS,
No* 94, nie de la Harpe,
A coUeee was founded on this spot as early as ia8oy
by Raonl d'Harcouit, canon of Notre-Dane, from whom
it took the name of CoUdfte dHarcourt^ and it formed
ooe of the ten colleges of the University. It was rebuilt
in 1675, and some part of the ancient structure still
exists. The construction of the principal mass of the
building was begun in 181 4* and the college opened on
the a5d of October, 1830. The entrance is of a grand
and noUe character. The couit is spacious, and at the
bottom is the chapel. On the right rises a fine pile
of building four stories high, having a gallery on the
ground-floor.
COLLEGE ROYAL DE ROHRRON, No* 9, rue Stc-Croix. The buildings in which this college is establi^ed were erected in 1781, after the designs of Brongniart, for a convent of Capuchins. In 1 800, the same architect was charged to convert it into a college, to be called lyyde Bonapmrie^ a name which it bore till the restora- tion, when it assumed that of ColUge de Bourbon, The fi-ont is i6q feet in length by 4^ in elevation. It pre- i sents two pavilions at the extremities, and has no open- I in^ except three doors. That in the centre is adorned , with columns, and gives access to a vestibule leading to the court. The pavilions are surmounted by pediments I and attics. The front is likewise ornamented by eight . niches for statues, and two recesses for bas-reliefs, those I which were placed there having been removed. On
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442 IlfSTITUTIONB AND PBISSIOHS.
each side is a large basin, into which water flows Uirongfa three lions' heads, in bronze. The court is sarronnded by four piles of building, of which the church of St.- Louis forms one/ A peristyle, composed of Doric co> lumns, extends round the court, and forms a terrace at the first story.
COLLEGE ROYAL DE CHARLEMAGNE, JYo^ 120, rue Su^Antoine, The buildings of this college were originally occupied by Jesuits, who, at their suppression, were succeeded by a community of Genofevans.
mSTITUTIONS AND PENSIONS.
These establishments correspond to academies and boarding-schools in Endand, but are uDder the super- intendence of the Royal Council of Public Instruction. The two most celebrated of these institutions, called colleges de plein exercice^ are considered nearly upon the same footing as royal colleges, and enjoy some of their advantages ; the one is the Collige de SL^Barhe^ No. 34) rue des Postes, and the other is the Coll^ Sia- nislausy No. 34» rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs. The former contains about 35o pupils, and the latter 4oo. The terms for board and education are 8oo fr. a year. Pupils are admitted from seven years of age to twenty. Day-scholars are onlj received by special permission. Each boarder finds his own bed, ana various other ar- ticles; pays 4o fr* for university fees, and 6o fr. a year for washing, besides charges for medical attendance, sta- tionery, etc. The course of education begins with the elements, and continues till the pupil is prepared for ad- mission into the Polytechnic School.
The number of institutions in Panis for young gen- tlemen is 34} and of pensions 63 : that of institutions and pensions for young ladies is lag. For a list of the best see' DiRiCTORY.
• See Church or St.-Lovis, page 76.
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IffSTITVnONS A9D PB1I8ION8. 44^
HOUSEAL'S PROTESTANT INSTITtrnON,
^o* 29, bouiet^ard du Mont-Pamasse.
This clastical, scientific^ and commercial academv for Pro- testant jonog gentlemen, ranks amonq the first establisomcnts for education in France, without exceptmg the royal colleges, with the advantages of which it combines every other that can form a desidenUum to an English parent. Paris being the general resort of learned and acccmiplished foreigners, and the seat of splendid institutions, equalled by no metropolis in the world, young men destined to receive the benefit of a continental educa- tion, are naturally directed to Paris for the acquirement of Uterary and scientific knowledge, and a thorough acquaintance with the French lan^iage, in its utmost elegance of e]Lpres8ion and purity of pronunciation. Hr. Houseal's system of instruction compre- hends the Greek, Latin, Italian, German, Spanish, French, Eng- lish, and Hindostanee languages, mathematics, geometry applied to the arts, chemistry, merchants' accounts, geography, history, penmanship, politicu economy, stenography, drawing, painting, dancing, eymnastics, etc., which are respectively taught by masters of the first eminence, and every facility is afforaed on the spot to further the progress of the pupils, such as a labora- tory lor chemistry,^ etc. Mr. H. (of English origin, educated and residing from his infancy on the continent], being a graduate of the University of Paris, and his institution under its immediate patronage, the pupils are entitled to attend college lectures, and to compete for the prizes annually distributed bv the University. French is the colloquial language of the establisnment, and it is the medium throuni which all the various branches of studv are generally cultivated.— A peculiar and important advantage, now- ever, in Mr. Houseal's system is derived from occasional explana- tions in English, bj which means English pupils do not experience any interruption m their general studies, while their progress in French is considerably accelerated by the indispensable compa- rison of their mother tongue with the unknown idiom. The moral habits of the pupils, and their religious duties as Pro- testants are strictly attended to. The sabbath is observed as in England ; the pupUs are conducted, in the morning, to one of the English, French, or German Protestant churches, and in the evening divine service is performed by a French Protestant clergvman m the chanel of the establishment. The management of tne domestic aoairs being under the direction of Mrs. Hooseal, who is an EngUsh lady, all possible home comforts are eigoyed. The table and personal accommodations are on the most liberal footing, and every care is taken to prevent the indis- position to which English gentlemen are exposed m French schools from a sudden change of diet. The mansion* in which this
* See H6nL nx MoifxHonsHCT Laval, page 271.
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inalitiition h cciUbltiili&fl is mo^t vLipbly fiCunlrd f«> i r.isi* ; ihe eldcT yoiuLs oi:( u|iy s«parat« rooms, and I one's nf the y<)iin|^t!r nrc A]iatiou» md nvcll distribiitt* tu»& mny Lc had at tLc initUullcm ; aho <if Mrssn No» J 8, rue ViviHiiHc, PariH; and of Arthiljaid CUi J7» Fenctiurc)iH$lrccl| Loitduii.
tCOLl;:S PRIMAIRES.
Tlie name of tiiesij srhooLi suJEcietitly indi object:. Tliey fojTii the fourth class under th of the Royal Council of Public Inslmctior ■ niinie['Diis ; they may l>e divided into two ; vi^., ^ cotes Chr^tiennes^ ^nd Scales par j^^,^ nutuel; but hefiidea the^^ there are msiity otit where child [-cu arc taught reading, >\ ritiug^ ii metic .
SPEQAL SCHOOLS.
COLLEGE BOYAL DE FRANCE,
lYo. 1, Piacc Ciimhrau The Caiidge Royal de France was founded by Fi^ncis 1, at the solicitation of GuiUaume preacher, and the celebrated GutUaume Bu thing could be loore deplorable than the stall in France ]>efore the establishinent of this coU Greek language? wai not taught in Paris, and t sors had httle or no acquaintance witli the beg of antiquity. The Latin taught was rude a rous ; the philosophy had neither solidity nor Frivobus and useless questions were agilatet dehateSn, although very auinutted, turned altogc piierile flubjecis or words. Francis I not havii an edifice for his new college , the lectnnfs \ vcred i n th e College de Camh ra i . A t f i rst o nl fessorsbips were founded, one for the Grc^k ther for the Hebrew tongue. In proportion i men accepted inviutions to become pi'ofessors, e
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COLLlfeCB AOTAL DE PRAKGE. J^S
were established. Their number, in a short time, amoosrted to 1 2, viz. four for languages, two for mathe- matics, two for philosophy, two for oratory, and two Cor uMNlicine. Charles IX founded a professorship of surgery, and Henry lY established one of botany and anatomy. Henry U. founded a chair of phiiosopdiy, which was aftei^wards filled by the celebrated and un- feKunate Ramus, who, in i568, establi^ed a chair (^ mathematics here at his own expense. The first chair of Arabic was established in 1587, ^7 Henry IH. Louis XflOL founded a second chair of Arabic, and one of canon law ; and Louis XTV a second chair of canon lavr, and a chair of the Syriac language. Louis XVIH created a chair of the Tartar-Mantchou, and Chinese languages, and one of the Sanscrit.
Previous to the civil wars in the middle of the i6th century, 4oo or 5oo students regularly attended the lec- tures at this college ; but the wars and contagious dis- orders caused the schools to be deserted. The profes- sors fled as well as their pupils, because, from the exhausted state of the finances, their salaries were no longer paid. At their solicitation Henry lY made ar- ran^ments for their regular payment, and formed the project of erecting a new college. The colleges of Tre- guler, of Leon, and Cambrai, were pulled down to af- ford a site for the new structure ; hut the king's death suspended the fulfilment of hb intention. However, Louis Xni, his son, laid the first stone on the i8th ci August, 1610. When the college was partly huilt the Vrorks were suspended, and were not resumed till to- wards the end m the reign of Louis XV. On the sad of March, 17749 ^e first stone of the new structure was laid by the duxe de la Yrilli^re, and about four years after, this edifice, built after the desi^ of Chalgrin, was completed. It consists of a spacious court surrounded on three sides by bnildinos. An arch crowned bj a pediment adorned with sculpture, is the only decoration of the entrance. In the building facing the entrance is a large hall, in which the disputations are hdd. The ceiling is decorated with an allegorical painting, by Tarraval. The lateral buildings contain, on the ground-
38
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446 spiaAL schools:
floor, the lectore^foonis, and, in the upper stories^ the apartments of the professors. The lectore rooms are snudl, dark, and inconvenient. The numher of profes- sors in this coUe^ is ai, and their courses of lectures, which are public and gnttnitous, are as follows: — i, astronomy; a, mathematics; 3, mathematical philo- sophy: 4) experimental philosophy; 5, medicine ; 6, anatomy; 7, chemistry; 8, natural history ; 9, laws of nature and nations ; 10, history and moral philosophy; 1 1 , Hebrew,Ghaldaic, and Syriac languages ; i a, the Ara- bictongue; 1 3, the Turkish language; 1 4, the Persian lan- guage ; i5, the Chinese and Tartar-Mantchou languages and literature; 16, Sanscrit language and literature; 17, Greek language and literature ; 18, Greek language and philosophy ; 19, Latin oratory ; ao, Latin poetry ; a 1 , French literature. Many distinguished personages attend these lectures ; no examinations take place, nor are prizes adjudged. The lectures are principaUy useful to those who are desirous of perfecting their education alter the years usually devotea to study.
£G0LE ROYALE POLYTECHNIQUE, Rue Descartes. A decree of the National Gonyention, dated ai Ven- tose, anil (March 11, 1794}) created 9l Commissionties Tmvaux Publics^ and an Scoie Ceniraley the latter of which, by a decree of the i5th Fructidor, an III (Sep- tember ist, 1795), took the name of £cole Polytech< nufue. The object of this most usefol and justly cele-' brated institution is to diffuse the knowledge of the mathe- matical, physical, and chemical sciences, auod the graphic arts; to iorm pupils for the artillery, engineering, bridges and highways, mining, and other departments, into which persons cannot be admitted without having studied in this school. Under the government of Napoleon, the Polytechnic School underwent various modifications ; and by au ordonnanoe of Louis XYm, dated September 4th, 1 8 16, it was completely i*e-organized, and placed under the special protection of the duke of Angoul^e. A great number of excellent officers, engineers, and sci-
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£G0LS EOYAI.E DBS P0NTS-»BT-CUAi;S8£s. 44^ i
entific men have been edacated in this school. Papils |
are admitted fromthe age of 16 to 20. Ever^ year candi- dates for admission undergo an examinatioD in Paris, and in the departments. The terms are 1,000 £r. a year, the pupils dJso providing themselves with a uni- form, books, and other objects necessary for the pursuit of their studies. The king has founded a4 scholarships, of which eight are in the nomination of tiie Bfinister oJP the Interior, twelve of the Minister of War, and four of the Minister ik the Marine. The affairs c^ the school are under the superintendence of a council of ameliora- tion, a council of instruction, and a council of admini- stration. The period allowed for study is two years, to which in certain cases a third year is added. Strangers cannot visit this school without permission of the sous- goupemeuty who resides in the house.
£G0LE ROYALE DBS PONTS-ET-GHAUSS^ES, iVo. 10, JIM HUUrin Meriiiu The origin of this school dates as far back as 1747, but it assumed no importance till 1784. The object of this establishment is to afford instruction in the art of projecting and constructing works relative to roads, ca- nals, bribes, ports, and public buildings dependent on them. Tbe schodi possesses a rich collection of plans, ma{M, and models, relative to these operations. The pupils are aU taken from the Polytechnic School. The government of the establishment is vested in the Minis- ter of the Interior, and the Director-general des Fonts et Chaussdes ei des Mines. It is impossible to visit this institution withbut a special order from the Direc- teuTy No. 26, rue de Varennes.
EGOLE ROYALE DES MINES,* iVb.84, rum^Enfer, The project of this institution was formed bv the Cardinal de Fleuri, and put in execution in 1783. At
* See H6til di Yehd^hb, page 374.
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its head is a Conseil des Mates, who direct all affairs connected with mines, coal-pitB, quarries, iron-works, salt-pits, etc., and who have under their direction en- gineers and practical schools. The pupils consist of boarders and day-scholars, who receive instruction cratis The latter cannot form a pait of the Royal Corps of Mines, bttt the instructiott they i^eoeive fits them to take the superintendence of lai^ estahHsh- ments The Minister of the Interior, and the Di- recloi-aencral des Poms et Ckaussdes et des Mines are the iBovcmors of this institution. Attached to the school is a cabinet of mineralogy, hat which is very defective when it is considered what means are possessed by the estaUtsfament of rendering it more extensiveand perfect. It is divided into two classes:— i , the mineral uxxluc- tions of France, arrans^ in the order of the depait- ments ; a, a general collection of the mineral substances of foreign countries. The cabinet is open to the pobhc every Monday and Thursday, from eleven to three. Strangers and studioos persons mayentcrevery day.
fcCOLfi D'APPLICATION DU COKPS ROYAi; DITAT- MAJOR, iVb. 136, rue de Greneile Su-Germain. This school is destined to form pupils for the staff- service, who are taught military admmistration, topo- graphy, geography, sUtistics, miliUryarts and history, fortification, and the artillery service. Theterm of study is two, or at most three years, when those pupils who have passed the examinations with honour, are created sub-lieutenants of the staff, and are attached to an in- fantry or cavalry regiment.
ECOLE D' APPUCATION DES INGfeNIEURS GEOGRAPHES, iVo. 61, ni0 Je PUnwersite. The branches of study pursued here are surveying, topography, and landscape-drawing.
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iCOLE DES LAlfGVES OaiBNTALBS. 44^
tCOVE SPEGIALE MS LANGtJliS OBIENTALES VIVANTES,
TTo* 13, rue JVeiwe-des-PetiU'Chamffs. Tbe Penian is taught on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays. Literal Arabic, on Tues<!ays, Thui^sdays, and Saturdays. Tulgar Arabic, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Turkish, Tuesdays, Thm^ays, and Fri- days. Armenian, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Modem Greek, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. Hindostanee, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
ACOLE DES OtAllTES, uit the BibHoMgue BoyaU^ rue de AieheUeu. This institution was founded by Louis XVm, ibr en- couraging the study of the aneient manuscripts contained in the different libraries, and the depots of the ar- dhives of the kitmdom. To this end the keepers of the records and the king's librarians receive |an addition to their salary to teach young men (who are nominated bj the Minister of the Interior) palaeography, or to un- derstand and decipdier ancient charters. Each pupil receives for his labour an allowance of 600 fr. a year. This school was abolished soon after its creation, but was re-establi^ed by a royal ordonnance in iSag.
£COLE ROYAI£ ET SPECIALE DES BEAUX-ARTS, iVo. 16, rue des PetiU^Augmiini.
This school, for teaching the arts of desigpi, is sub- stituted for the Carps Enseignans of the Aead^mim Moyale de PeinUtte et Scidpiure^ and of that of Archi'* iecture. It is divided into two sections, one of paint- ing and sculpture, and the other of architecture. In the first division, medals are distributed every month to those who make the best drawing from the naked model. Once a year two other prizes are distri^ buted, one of loofr., founded by count Gaylus, for the best head as to expression ; the second, of 5oo fr., for the best head of the natural size, from ^e living model.
38.
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45o SPECUL schools:
In the second division, there are profetsort who teach eveiT branch of the art of building. The professor of the history and theory of the art proposes every month two subjects for competition ; the best production ob- tains a medal; of the second, honourable mention is made. The professor of mathematics, applied to archi- tecture, also proposes a subject for competition, the prize for which is a medal. The professor of perspec- tive delivers lectures in November, which are common to both sections of the school, as are the subjects which he proposes for prize medals. Besides these prizes, there u the tUpariemental prize, which is given every year, without competition, to the pupil who has been most successful in the competitions of the three or four pr^seding years. The JcadSmieRoraledesBetoix^jirts proposes an annual prize, to which no candidates are admitted but those who have gained medals. It selects eight of the best compositions, the artists of which are allowed to develop, on a lar^e scale, all their parts. The pupil who gains the prize is sent to Rome, for three years, at the expense of the ^venunent. Thb prize is adjudged in October, previous to which the works of the candidates in painting, sculpture, drawing, and engraving, are exhibited to uie public, in several of the rooms of the school. At the meeting of the Aoadimiey in which the prize is adjudged, the caniala is executed which has obtained the prize in the section of music. By an ordonnanoe of December 1 8th, 1 8 16, the buildings of the Mus^e de$ Monumens Frangais * (formerly the con- vent des Petits-Augustins) were granted to this school « and in i8ao, a new edifice, after the designs of Dd>ret, to be called Palais des Beaux-Arts^ was begpon in the garden of the Museum. It will consist of six piles of building, of which four will form a quadrangle, and the
* This mufieum, which no longer exists, was formed daring; the Revolution by M. Alexandre Lenoir, in pursuance of a decree of the National Convention, and consisted of the monuments from St .-Denis and other churches, arranged in chronological order f ^^^""^'' ^^ * ^^' ordonnance of April 24th, 1816, it was closed, and the monumcnU have since been replaced in their ori- gmal stations, or in situations adapted to their nature and objects.
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iCOLE ROTALE OE MATBl^lfATlQUES, ETC. 45 1
Others nm parallel to ihe two sides. In one of the walls of the ancient stroctnre is the monument and bust of the learned and celebrated Bernard Montfaucon, a monk of the order of the Augustines, who died in 1 74 1 . In one of the rooms is a monument to the memoi^ of the famoos sculptor, Jean Goujon . The gallery of architecture has been removed from the Palace of the Institute to the school of the Fine Arts. It is open to the public, and is well worth the stranger's visit. In it are exhibited models, in relief, of the finest buildinm of Egypt, India, Greece, • and Rome ; a collection of fragments of ancient archi- tecture, brought firom Italy and Sicily by Dufoumay, or modelled under his inspection ; and a cork model of the Coliseum, nine feet in diameter, executed in relief, at Rome, in 1808, by Lucangeli. The lectures at this school are public, and take place as follows : — on construction, Tuesdays and Saturdays ; mathematics, same days; ancient architecture, Thursdays.
ECOLE ROTALE GRATUITE DE HATHEMATIQUES ET DE DESSIN,
iVb. 5, rue do t£colc de Medecine.
This school, established in the ancient amphitheatre of sur^ry, was founded by M. Bachelier, in 1767. Its object IS to afford instmction in drawing to such artisans of Paris as intend to devote themselves to mechanical professions.
They are taught, on Mondays and Thursdays, practical geometry, ariumetic, mensuration, stone and timber- cutting, and the elements of architecture; on Tuesdays and ^days, the proportions of the human figure, and the drawing of animals ; on Wednesdays and Saturdays, the drawing of ornaments and flowers. Every evening from seven to nine o'clock, instruction is given to work- men who cannot leave their employment during the day. To excite emulation among them, medals are dis- tributed every month, and prizes every year. The en trance to the school is ornamented wiUi sculpture of
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452 SPECIAL schools:
considenbie merit. Orer ih^ Sx^or o€ Hm room wliere the papih are inBtmcted, is the foUcywing inseriptiofii :— «
EnUDIAftB ALIA t^tCTOA SCCL^TOATC FaLASTRA
Hag soli fatbart AMFHrfHiATaA Fabko. Strangers are not allowed to enter this school.
ECOLE ROYALE SPEGIALE ET GRATUITE Dfi DBflfiflV POUR LES JEUNES PERSONNES,
JVo. 7, rue de Touraine^ faubourg Su^Germ^tm. This school, founded by Madame Fr^re de Montkon, in i8o3, is maintained at the expense of the gOTemment, in order to instruct joung woAien destined for the arts or industrious professions m drawingfigtires, ornaments, landscapes, animals, and flowers. TMre is sn amiuai distribution of medals and other prices, followed J^ a public exhibition of the drawincs of Che popils. The school is open on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
EGOLE GRATUITE DE PEINTURE EN COULEURS YlTRtFIABLES.
iVb. 18, rue de Rivoli.
The object of this school, which is a dependence of the royal porcelain manulactciry of S^es, is to encou- rage and perfect the art of painting glass, which has long faUen into decay. It is established St the d^pdC of di&¥res porcelain at Paris, and is supported by the goTenunent.
ECOLE ROYALE DE MUSIQUE ET DE DECLAMATION LYRIQUE,
iVb. 11, rue du faubourg JPoistofmi^* This estabtishment was fouiMled by letters patenty dated January 3d, 1784, at the instance of the baron de Breteuil. The object of it is to afford gratuitous instmo' tion in singing, instrumental music, and declamation, to^ young persons of both sexes, who evince talent for die stage. At the Reyolution, this school fell into decay, but was afterwards restored by Napoleon, under the name of Cbnsenfotoire de Musique. Upon the Restora-
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llfSTITUTlON BOYALB DB XUMQUE, ETC. 4^
tioB it rcBimad its origiiial tide. A |preat wHifcer of eicellent BM»iciaM and dranatic performers have lieeB tnoned in this sdiooi. In the spring, several eoncerts are generally gifven, and every year tbere ia a poUic di»- tribotion of prizes, followed 1^ a eoncert, in which the saccessful candidates for the prizes take part. The Di- rector-general of the department of the Fine Arts gene- rally presides upon this occasion.
INSTITUTION ROY ALE DE MUSIQUE RELIGIEUSE, No» 69, rue do ^augirard.
This institution, es^blished for the restoration of sacred music, forms two divisions for the two sexes, who are received as hoarders, half-boarders, or day-scholars. It embraces vocal and instrumental music, and musical composition, combined vnth the other branches of edu^ cation found in pensions. The charge varies according to the age of the pupils, and a great deduction is made in favour of such m possess a remarkably fine voice, or snne- rior talents for instrumental music. The director of the institution takes upon himself not only to instruct the pupils, but afterwards to place them in cathedrals, churches, and chapels, as choristers, organists, etc. The number of pupils is about loo. Public exercises, upon the plan of the ortUorhs in England, take place annu- ally in February, March, and April. This institution has been substituted for the £cole de Chant, established by M. Choron, for teaching children of both sexes to sing by an easy method.
EGOL£ DE PHARMACIE,
iVb. 13, rue de VArhalktre. The buildines occupied by this school, which is an appendage to the School of Medicine, are those of an aincient convent, called H6pital de TOursine. About the year i58o, the first botanical garden that existed in France was formed in the grounds of this convent, by M. Houel; who adopted the method of Toumefort, and took for his model we garden of Padua. In the spring
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and summer, lectures are delivered here upon pliar- macy, chemistry, natural history, and botany. Apo- thecaries are admitted to exercise their profession after an examination in this school. The botanical garden is open every day, except Sunday, from Anril till Septem- ber. Strangers may also visit the school.
tCOLR D'ACCOUCHEHENT, See page 366.
£COLE SPiCIiUiE DE GOMHERGE, iVtf. 143, rue St.-Ahtoine.* This useful school, which is supported by the mer- chants of Paris, admits scholars at the aoe of i6, £or in- struction in every branch of mercantile business. The scholars of the third or upper class represent commer- cial houses, and con*espond with each other like mer- chants ; they make purchases according to the price of the day, and the samples shown ; go to the Exchange regularly, settle accounts, make up tibeir books, and ba- lance them.
£G0LE ROYALE DE MOSAIQUE,.
iVb. 24, guai de Billy,
The scholai^s are appointed by the government, and taught the art of copying pictures in Mosaic. $
£G0LES D'^QUITATION (RIDIRO-8CHOOL8).
The most celebrated is under the direction of AIM. Franconi, of the Cirque-Olympique. There is a second » a royal school, No. 19, rue Cadet, faubourg Montmartre, which is open daily ; and a third school m the rue de Fleurus, near the garden of the Luxembourg.
• Sec Hotel db Sully, page 274.
§ See MAnvrACTims eotalb db MosaiquB) page 302.
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^
tCOLES D« MlTATtOlTy ETC
feCOLES DE NATATION (.wiiiM.«G.scHoot»), See page 361.
GYMNASE NORMAL MIUTAIRE ET CIVIL, Place Dupleix, near the Champ -de -Man. This establishment is under the protection of the vemment, and subject to the authority of the Mini of War. Its object is to propagate gymnastic inst tioa, and particularly to form professors for extem that science in the different corps of the army, wards of Qoo military pupils are exercised four tim weeky at the Gymnasium. The director is authoi to receive and exercise pupils, not military, on the o days.
SEMINAIRE DE ST.-SULPIGE,
Place SuSufpiee.
This diocesan seminary was established in i64i,
the members of it were distributed in various pri
houses till i645, when its founder, the Abb^ Oil
purchased for them a house and garden, close to
front of the church of St.-Sulpice, the view of whic
greatly obscured. In 179a the seminary was suppresi
and about the year 1800 the old buildings were pu
down. Two years after, the seminary was re-establis
in a house which forms the angle of the rue de Ya
rard and the rue du Pot-de-Fer . The first stone of
handsome structure which it now occupies was laid
vember 2 1 st, 1 820 . The front pi*esents a mass of bt
ing, three stories in height, flanxed with two pavili<
Its total length is aoo feet. The principal entranc
formed by a portico composed of three arches in fn
and one on each side. When terminated, this edi
will present four fronts. The second, towards the
du Pot-de-Fer, is finished. The architecture resem
that of the principal front, but it has no portico. '.
court, when the building is completed, will be sufM
and a spacious gallery for the students to walk in, in
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456 SPBCIAI- schools:
weather, will extend round it. The aeminary is uikder , the direction of the congregation of the priests of St • * Snlpice, and has a dependence at Issj. The two houses contain 3oo pupils. Strangers are allowed to visit this establishment, upon obtaining penmission of Monsieur ie Supirieur^niral.
PETIT S^INAWIE. This seimnaryforms two divisions. One is«8taUiahed at the oficiettt seminary of St.*Nicolaft-da-GhaidcNiBet, No. loa, rue St.-Yictor, and the other at Gonfluu-Chsr renton. The two houses coatam i4o pupils.
SEMINAIRE DES MISSIONS ETRANG^KES,
iVo. 130, riM Jhi Bac,
See GntiRca of St. FaAnfois XATisa, page lit.
SEMINAIRE DU ST.-£SPAIT, iVb. 34, rue de$ PosUt, The pupils of this seminary are destined for \ to the cmonies, and consist of young FrencbaMn or Creoles who have devoted themselves to the ecdesias- tical state. The building was erected in 1769 for a seminary, which was suppressed in 1793. It presents nothing remarkable, ejLcept a fine bas-raief, above the pediment of the church, representing a missionary preaching. Strangers may visit this seminary, by ap- plying to the SupSrieur.
ANCiEN COLUGE DES ANGLAIS/ iVb. 23, rue det PosUs. This seminary was established under letters patent
• Till the reign of George III, Catholics wete not allowed to ertflblish colleges or seminaries in England. On this account ^. ■ _ ji *-_ ^1. _ _ J . « glish, Scotch
rpaitsoCFiai
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cvuDusn colleges or seminanes in cngiand. Un Uus account several coAleges for the education of Engliah, Scotch, and Irish CathoUctvwefoiaMlcdinPamaiidotherpaiUofFiance. TheK
i COLLiGS OE5 ^OtSAlS. 4^7
-«nmted hj Louis XIV, in r684, whicb audioiised €a- I thoiics, ^o cooM not be «<kicated for thi^ ministry in
Eugland, to live in ecclesiastical community. Their ! church was dedicated to St. Gregory the Great. This
liouBe WM suppressed in 1^99. It is now a boarding- I school, and presents nothing remarkable in point of I architecture. The administrator of this college is the
aJM Tuite, vicar^general of Ijkie Catholic bisbo{> of
London.
QOiAJtGE DES to^SSiWiS, Ifo. 35, rue dfis Fosses St.^f^icior. This seminary was at first situated in the rue des Aman- 4iers9 but it afterwards was established ia a new build- ing;, finished in i665, in the rue des Fosa^s-^t.-Victor. It was originally founded by David, bishop of Murray, in Scotland, in i3a5; and again, bj James Beaton, or de Belhune, archbishop of Glasgow, m 1 6o5 . These facts are recoi:ded in the following inscription, engraved on a tablet of black marble in .the cbapel oi the coUege : —
D.O.M. Abho OflMMiM M.GGC.XX.V, te^numte jn GaSia Gwolo Pidchio, <et Ro^to de £ruce re^ante in Scotia, antiqiio fcedere pon- junctis David de Moravia^ Gpiscopus Moraviensis in Scotia, hoc collegium fundavit. Anno Domini M.DC.III, Jacobus .de Be- thnne, Archiepiscopus Glasguiensis in Scotia, novam fandatio-
wcTC suppressed at the Revolntion, and the propertv belonging to then was secreieatrated. The kte gevenment embodied all the
.coUcgaii ef PaiisintD one ertahlishment, vnder the authority of the miiiister 4>f the interior, ^nd gave them the Irish seminary, rue desirlandais. Over the door was inscrihed, Chef-lieu des Cot- l^ges hritanniques. Upon the Restoration, the former president > ofthe coUeges, and the other EngUsh GathoUc clergy, claimed their property. During the Revolution, however, several Ca- .tbolie.QaUeges had been estahUshcd inGraat Britain and b^laiid, which rendered those in France less necessary. On the other hand, the respectiYe daivis of (he English, Sootch, and Iridh
colleges camot -he precisely asceztained. For these, and pcvhajis other nasons, the government retains the colleges and their ^yroperty under a kind of sequestration, suhiect to theidirection «f the minister of the interior. The adminiatratocs.of these •eflahliahjnonU ateecdesiastics, stthieets of his Britannic tfijesty.
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458 spECiix schools:
nem inititiiit, proposito in Mipetuam «dittiiiuttatioiieiii Vou- rabili Patre, Domino Priore Caxtuaise Psuineasis. Anno Domiai M.DG.XXX.IX, coi^unctio utriuimie fundationis in unmn ct idem collegium al> archiepiflco{K> Parisiensi facta , anctoritate regia, et supremi Senatus Parisiensis, sanctita est. Utrinsqiie fundatoris memoric, Primarias, Ptrocnrator, et alumni i^w eoUegii poraerant.
Requieacant in Pace.
Above this inscription are engraved the armorial bearings of the bishop of Murray, and of the ardibisbop of Glasgow . Those of the first are i^-AzurCy a chevron j between three stars sable. Those of the ad are qaar- terly :— ist and 4th, Jzure^ a Jess , between three lo^ zenges sable; ad and 3d, Sable^ on a chevron^ aJMs head and scales^ or. The motto : — Ut vincaSyfenrndum. The coronet: — ajishy with the bishop's mitre above. James de Bethune is said to have been the last Ca^oUc bishop of Scotland.
The college was rebuilt by Robert Barclay in i665. The chapel, which deserves a visit at least from the Bri> tish traveller, was erected in 1672. It contains some objects worthy of notice. At the Revolution, the col- lege being used as a prison^ the chapel was conveited into a cabinet ^aisance. It is now, however, compktrij restored. The most remarkable object is the monument of the unfortunate James 11, erected to his memory by his faithful friend and the constant companion of his exile, James duke of Perth, governor of his son, called James m and the Old Pretender. On the top of the monument was formerly an urn of bronze gilt, containing the brain pf the king, who died at St.-Germain-en- Laye, the i6th of September, 170T. This monument in black and white marble, was executed by Louis Gar- nier, in 1703. The following is the inscription:—
D.O.M.
Meraorie Angiistiiaimi Principia Jacobi If, Blagnc BritanniK, etc. Regit.
lUe partis terra ac mari triiunpliis claruB, aed conatnnti ia Denm fide clarior, hnic regna, opes, et omnia vita fl<M«ntis cmb- ■noda pottposuit. Per summnm acelus it sua sede pnlsna, Abaa^ lonis im|uretatem, Achitophelis pcrfidiam, et acerba Semei c<in- o *^? "iT**^^ leniute ct patientia, ipais inimicis amicus anpem^vit. Rebas hnmanis major, adversis superior, et cflelestis glorias stndia
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GOLLtoE DBS IRLAKDAIS. 4^
iiti*jiuiiatiii» quod regno canierit, aibi visiu faeatior, aiisemii Jianc vium feuci, return terrestre coelcsd commutaTit. Hec domus, quam piya Pnnceps bbentem sustinuit, et patrie fovU, cui etiam ingenii sol monimenta omnia, scilicet sua manu scripta custodienda commisit, earn corporit ipsina partem, qua maxime ammiUTiget, religioo^ servandam siucepit.
Yixit annoi LXVUI, legnavit XVI, obut XVII lUl. Octob. An.
Sal. Horn. M.DGC.I.
Jacobus, Dux de Perth, PraBfectus institutioni Jacobi III,
Mag. Brit. Regifl, bujus domus benefactor moerens posuit.
When the Irish college was made the chefiieu of the British colleges, this monument was transported there, where it remained some years ; but it is now restored to its original place in the chapel of the Scotch college. Here are also buried the hpwels of Louisa Maria, king James the Second's daughter, and the heart of Mary Gordon, duchess of Perth.
Over the altar is a painting of the Virgin, and on one side a Crucifixion much admired. It possesses sevenJ other pictures, among which is one of the martyrdom of St. Andrew, to whom the chapel is dedicated. The house is at present let, on a long lease, to Mr. Gilly Mailhat, master of a boarding-school, who allows stran- gers to Tisit it. The house is sufficiently spacious to i^ecefve too pupils, but the number is limited to 80. Protestant youUis are received as well as Catholics, and conducted to a cbapel of Protestant worship.
The valuable manuscripts of king James U, which, as is mentioned in the inscription on nis monument, were confided to this seminary, were imfortunately lost during the Revolution. The bishop of Cybistra, coadjutor of Edinburgh, is administrator of this establishment.
SEHINAIRE oa COLLEGE DES IRIANDAIS, JYo. 3, rue dea Iriandais. The Irish coUece is a handsome structure, consisting of a large central building, from the rear of which pro- ject two wings. Owing to the admirable distribution of its interior, it possesses some of the finest rooms in Paris. The recreation-hall, in particular, which still
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46o WBCfAiL SCHOOLS:
omitastm the arhar nnder ^Mch were dtepcioiHtful the remains of James the Second, is remarkaUe for ¥6s YxM- ness and extent. On the ground-floor of the rig^-wing is the chapel, distinguished by its simple neatoess. It was built after the designs of EieUanger, in 17^0^ and is dedicated to the Virgin, of whom there is a skatse ofer the altar. To the right of the Virgin, on entering the chapel, is placed a picture of St. Patrick, and on fbeleft that of St. Bridget, patroness of the Irish. In a vaoit JE»e- neath repose the ashes of several Irish of distinoto. Above thie chapel is the library, containinga lar^^e collec- tion of works, principally theolo^cal . Gker the door of the lecture-room is tliis inscription : — Sic slude,auMsi semper i^icUirus ; Sic viv0y quasi cilo morkurus. To the advantage of its situation in the mfost airy part of Paris, the Irish coUege adds that of an extensive ooort-yaiti, vnth a double row of fuU-grown trees. The establish- ment dates from a remote period, and was founded by Irish Roman Catholics, during the reign of Uie penal code, with a view of providing for their familiies tkaA education which they could not obtain in their native country. Though the institution embraces in its ohiect education in general, it is prindpaUy destined for pre- paring J^onng men for the mission in L'^land. The number of students is limited to 100, who ai'e divided into bursars and pensioners. The former are boarded, educated, etc.^ out oi funds established before the Revolution, by members of the iamilies to which they i^spectively bdong ; the others pay 700 fr. per annum. The studies are upon a most extensive scale, eomprisinfl Scripture, theolof^, ecclesiastical history, natond and moral philosophy, rhetoric, French, etc., etc. The administration of this college is vested in the abb^ Mac- Sweeney.
£G0U» NQiVMAUtS fiLEMENTAIRES.
These useful institutions are designed to form sdiool-
masters and school-mistresses. They are two in miiDftier,
one for men and the other for women ; the former is
situated at No. 4, rue Carpentier, and the fatter ftt the
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r
£C0LBS OE LA OUMJOt. 461
HalfeHHis-Duq^ Th> l<etaMWi«# dUMftwd omjf tfwo «tliA» and ooevpy sioi weeks. The pi^Nk are tauflkt idMf^ wiitiii^ arilliselac, Une-dbiwHiff , penmtnahip^
and diankrmpiu^ Mo (hw is admitted witkoofc pro- dibUDg a certificate signed by ihc major and rectair of Ui pariflk, or am avfthoiisatioa delivered bj the ^-^M^niitliii <^ lybiie inalraction.
tcoiXA rm LA charit£.
Ih the 12 arrondissemtns of Paris there are about 80 charity-schoob, in which lo^ooo poor children are edu- cated. The number of each sex is nearly equal, and the total number forms about a tenth of all the children in Paris between the age of five and twelve years. The boys' schools are under the direction of the Freres de la Doctrine Chr^tierme, a kind of demi-monks, who dwell two or three together. The girls' schoola aie superin- tended by the Sosurs de la Chariii and other nuns. The children are taught reading, writinc, arithmetic, and tlie principles of religion, in some of Ihe gtris* schools there are also sewing-rooms. Such of the committees of cha- rity as have not buildings at their disposal for the gratui tons schools, send the pocMr children of their quarters to the schools established in them. Several of the chanter- schools are founded and supported by voluntary contri- butions.
ECOLE DES SAVOYARDS. In Paris there are a great number of natiTes of SftTOjTf prmcipally boys, who are occupied as porters, shoe* Macks, or chimney-sweepers. Many also are seen in the streets, accompanied by a monkey or other animal, which they teach to perform feats, in order to excke the attentimi and draw forth the alms of the public. They lodge in the faubourg, where they are divided into ckambr^Sy each of which consists of 8 or 10 individnak, siritiject te Uie authority of a chief or old Savoyard, who discharges the fonction of housekeeper and guardian. Each has his place marked out in the capital, to whidi he repairs in the morning, pour urvir lapMic; awl in
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462 SCiEHTlFlC, liTEEAET,
the evening the giins of the day are deposited in a small box, called tirekret which is never opened till it contains a sum sufficiently considerable to be usefully aralied to the wants of the society. The first schools, established by the abb^ Pontbriant, in 175a, were confined to religious instruction, bat so great was their sacoess, that the Savoyards were afterwards taueht to read and write. At ihe Revolution these schools were abolished; hat one upon a larce scale has since been re-established, it No. So, rue de Sevres, under the denomination dL Asso- ciation pour r Instruction des /eunes Stwojrtu^. This establishment receives daily 700* scholars, 18 of whom are lodged; the others come to receive instruction and a pound of bread; to some of them clothing likewise b given.
SCIENTIFIC, LITERARY, and othki SOCIETIES.
ACADfiMIE KOYALE DE H^DEGINE. Pi^evious to the Revolution, there was an Academy of Medicine and another of Surgery. The former was created in 1776, and the latter in inZi . Upon the forma- tion of the institute, the Medical Academy was annexed to the class of the sciences. By an ordonnanoe of De- cember aoth, i8ao, the Academy was restored. The object of its institution is to reply to inquiries of the government relative to epidemic diseases, murrain, the propagation of vaccination, legal medicine, the examina- tion of new and secret remedies, natural or factitious mineral waters, and in general evenr thing that concerns the public health . In pursuance of a royal ordonnanoe of Oct. 28th, 1829, it is divided into 1 1 sections, viz. :•— I, anatomy and physiology; 2, medical patholc^; 3, surgical pathology; 4^ therapeutic and medical natural history; 5, operatoiy medicme; 6, pathological ana- tomy; 7, accouchemens; 8, public hygieine, legal me- dicine, and medical poUce ; 9, veterinary medicine ; 10, medical physics and chemistry; 11, pliarmacy. The Academy is composed of 60 titular members^ 4o ad-
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ABTD OTHER SOCIETIES. 465
jvncts; 4o associates not resident; 30 foreign and 10 &ee associates, who are elected by the Academy, subjectto f the king's approbation. It has also an indefinite number I of corresponaents. The chief physician of the king is i perpetual president. The meetings of the Academy are ( lield on the first Toesdav of every month, at No. 8, me de Poitiers, where children are vaccinated gratuitously, [ 00 tniesdays and Saturdays at noon.
GERGLE MEDICAL DE PARIS. This society devotes its attention to epidemic diseases and the medical constitution, and keep up an active correspondence with phvsicians and scientific men in foreien countries as well as France. The Ung's chief physician is perpetual president. The meetings of the Cercle are held at the tidtel-de-Ville on the Qd and 4th Friday of every month. Gratuitous prescriptions are given on Wednesdays, from a to 4 o'clock.
SOCIETE DE HEDEaNE PRATIQUE. The principal object of this association is the study and cure of whatever diseases are most prevalent. Pupils sent by school-masters and school-mistresses are vacci< nated gratuitously, and vaccinal matter is sent to sur- geons. The king's chief physician is president of this society, whose meetings are held at the Hdtel-de<yille, on the ist and 3d Thursdays of the month.
SOCIETE DE HEDECINE DE PARIS. The prefect of the department is president of this socie^, whose labours are regularly published in the Journal giniral de Mddecme. Meeting are held at the H^teMe-Yille, on the 1st and 5d Fridays of the month.
SOCIETE DE PHARMAQE. The meetings of this association are held on the iSth of every month, at the Ecole de Pharmacie, No. i5, rue de I'Arbalitre.
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464 sconrriviCy ursaiAT,
socrttt BttoicALt: mfeMuf.ATicm.
This society, which holds its meetings at tlie School of Medicine, on the i st and 3d Wednesdays of the month, publishes Mdmoires.
ATHEN^E DE M^DEGINE DE PARIS. The meetings are \tM at the HAtel-de-ViUtf ^ otf the I St and 3d Saturdays of the month.
SOGI^Tt IX. CHIMIE H^DICALE DE PAKIS. The meetings of this society an kekL on the ad 1km- day of the month, at No. 4) Phi<» de TEook dtKMdMiiie.
SOClfixt MtolCCWPKATIQtJE. It» meetings are held at the H6tel-de-Ville» m the 2d and 4th Mondays of the month.
BUKEAU DES LONGITUDES. This society, formed for the improvement of nata- tion by means of astronomical observations, was mt established in 1795, and holds its meetings at the Ob- servatory. It is compos^ <rf three mathematicians, four astroitomen, five adju|f6t astronomers, two navigators, one geographer, and one instroment-maker. It has at its disposal the Paris Observatory and that of the EcoU militaire, together with all the astronomical instruments belonging to the government. It corresponds with the other observatories of France, and with those of forei^ countries ; and suggests to the government wh€re it is desirable to establish observatories. The hinmu v charged to draw up the connaissancedes temps ^ or mo* tion of the celestial bodies, for the use of astronomers anA navigators, and to publish it several years beforehand. It revises and corrects the astronomical tsbles and me- thods of longitudes, and devotes its attetttion to the pub- lication of astronomical and meteorological observations, of the members delivers annually, at the <%aerva* -K course of lectures on astronomy. The buremi
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A»D OTHBa 8€K:IBSIE». 4^
pvblklMfl every yeaHT aatfiMHUKrv, wktoh k prtienls to the kiogf wtUi tbe cannaisswuse des lempt.
soci£t£ PHILOKATIQUE, iVb. 6', ru« cCAnjou, faubourg SU'Germuin. Most of the members of this society, who are 5o in niunher, are also members of the Institute, and, next to that mstitation, it is the most scientific body in Paris. It is divided into several sectiem. A periodical work, etJM^BuiUikkdelaSocidli pkUomaiifmy n poblished by the society.
SOCltiTi lymSTOillB KATURBULE,
Rue ttA^oH, fduhourg 6't. « Germain. This society consists of 3o members, and is divided into fhree sections : — ist, mineralocy and geologj; ad^ botany; 3d, zoology. The members consist of the most distinguished naturalists in Paris who are under the age of 4o. There are also honorary members who have attained that age, and corresponding members, chosen from among me mbst distinguished naturalists in France and the i^st of Europe.
SOCltli FRANgAlSE DE STATISTIQUE UNHnERSELLE, JYo. 24, place f^endSme. This society was founded in 1 829, to aid the progi^ess of general statistics, and consequently all the branches of human knowledge. It establishes a correspondence with scientific bodies, and individual members of them. The society 19 cenposed of resident meittbers, nvD^fMdent members, ajid corM^poodentsF, tiie number of nfkmo is imhiiHCed. AB fSne iiriends of scfenwe, whe- tfaer nalives of France or foreigners, are received mem- hen iji this society, the form of admissiott being by hoUot. Each refidem member pays the sum of 5cm> fr. vmn hie admission^ or 30 fr. a year. Noii-resideBt» are ajfanittediipoa paying hatf the above suBi». Tkecfcarge for a diploma 19 !»5fr. The dwke of Orlems^ the dofce of Ghartfies, aod ihe didie of Bourhea, are pMlMlora of
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466 SCIENTIFIC, LITERARY,
this society, whow afiairs are manaoed by a council of 25 members elected annually. Different works con- nected with the objects of this association are printed at its expense, and prizes and medals are awarded for such productions as are entitled to distinction. , It meet^ every month, besides which an annual meeting is heLd
soci£t£ DES ETABLISSEMENS CHARITABLES, JYo, 2, paivis JYotn^Dame. This institution, which was formed in the beginning of i85o, has for its object to collect, compare, and pub- lish all the information it can obtain relative to benevo- lent societies and estabUshments. It will form a centre of communication for all philanthropic anodations and institutions in France and Europe, and, without inter- fering in their management, wiu recommend such ame- liorations as their experience may suggest. The society is divided into five sections: — ist, public relief*, ad, hospitals, etc. ; 5d, asylums for the deaf and dumb, the blind, lunatics, etc.; 4th, saving banks; 5th, morals, physics, etc. The number of members is 6o, all of whom are, by their profession or study, acquainted in some degi'ee with charitable institutions, such as ecclesiastics, magistrates, men of science, members of the municipality of Paris, etc. A recueil or buUeiin is published by this society.
SOCIETE ANONYME DU BULLETIN UNIVERSEL, JVb. 3, me de VAbbaye, The object of this association, which was authorised by a royal ordonnance in 1828, is to centralise at Paiis a knowledge of the progress of the labours of the homaii mind in the positive sciences and the arts of industry; and afterwank to spread and propagate this knowledigB in all civilised countries. King Charles X and the duke of Orleans are members of this society, of which the dauphin is protector. It comprehends among its mem- bers a considerable number of ministers, peers, deputies, "^d personages distinguished in the aits, sciences; let- Digitized by Google
Jam OTHBR sociSTiBS. 467
lers, commerce, and indhiftry. A principal means em- ployed by the association to accomplish its objects is tbe eatabiishment of a library cohtainina all the works publiahed on snch snlijeets, and the publication <^ ana- lyses of them, under the title of BuUeiin Uni^rsel des Scimees et de Plndustne,
SOGIETE PHILOTECNIQUE, JYo. 16, rue des PetiU-Augustins, This society, which was founded in 1795, is com- posed of 60 artists and scientific and literary men, be- sides hononuy members, free membera, and correspond- enlv. £ach resident member pays 4o fr. a year ; but eveiy month he receives a silver counter of the value of 3 fr., if he has attended two meetings in the preceding montfi. The meetings are held on the 3d, lath, and aad of every month, at seven o' clock in the evening. A public hsLlf-yearly meeting is held in the spring and the autumn, at the Hdtekle-Ville. Papers are then read, and musical compositions performed; and sometimes the artists of the society exhibit their pictures, designs, and sculpture.
SOGI£t£ ROTALE des ANTIQUAIRES de FRANCE, JVo» 16, rue des PetiU'^jiugmtins,
This society which, when formed in i8o5, was called AcaddnUe Ceitiquey has published some very interesting memoirs. In 18x49 Louis XYIQ created it a royal so- ciety. The oli^ect of this association is to investigate and throw light upon the language, geography, chrono- logy, history, literature, and antiouities of the Celts, Greeks, and Romans, and of the middle ages : but more particularly upon those of the Gauls and the French nation^ down to the x6th century inclusive. It consists of 60 resident members, and a great number of corre- nnrndents in the departments and foreign countries. £ach resident member pays annually 36 ir., for which he receives the memoirs printed by the society. The correspondents merely pay for their diploma of admis-
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1
i^ •CfBffVmC, UTBlAftT,
4Hm. 39iesneeitiiig8<of tfaesocAe^arelMMoiiAeglftrJ iglh^ «h1 39th of etery month, and an annual fndilic jneeting is fa!eld in Blay. This sociefj WMMftimti pro- p00ef a goUl flMdal for die bett eMajron a given siA^ed.
SCKJETE DE GEOGRAPHIE, iVb. 36, passage Dauphine. Thii society was founded in 182 1 , and consiffts of si^ scribers and a committee of 5o members. ForeigHs, as weM as natives of France, are admitted. Its «ly£t is to promote die knowledge of oeogn^faicad scionoe, bf sending travellers to countries utde known, praposk^ aabjectsfor prizes, corresponding wtkh learned ^ocfeiia, travellers, and geographers, and publishing vorlcs and maps. A bulletin is published by the socMfcy. The annual subscription is 06 fr. This socie^ ponosas a lihKary, containing valuaMe geographical coUidMns, and maay cnrious objects presented :o it by tra^pAers. The meetings ace held in March and Novendier.
soci£t£ asiatique,
JVo, 12, rue Taranne, The duke of Chileans is protector of this society, which was founded in 1 8a a. Its object is to encourage the study of the languages of Asia, procure Asiatic manu- , scripts, print grammars, -dictionaries, etc., and further ! the progress of Asiatic literature, hy correspondence with iearned societies and individuals. It consists of - subsonbers of 5orfr. a year, and a committee who pub- lidb the Jaumai JsUUkfue and elher works . The mert- ings aee held on the i-st Monday of every -month.
SOGIETE HEtUmQUE, iVb. i2, me Ttmmne.
Xhis^Qciety, established for the propagation of eoience, and .all ^e brandies of knowledge uoelill in Greece, consists of an unlimited number of members, composecl of G«eeks, Frenchmen, and others. The snhsoription
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AIID OTHBK SOCIETIES. 469
ic ii5 fr. a year, and each subicriber reoeives gnUis ike duUeiin of the labours of the society, and at coat price whatever works it publishes iu modern Greek. In 1 8^8 , the association printed a TrakS dHypkne in that tongue, of which i ,000 copies wei*e sent gratis to the Greek government.
ATHAnEE KOYAL DE PARIS, JVb. 2, rue de f^aloU. Tliis institution was founded in 1781, by the unfor- tunate aeronaut Pilatre du Rosier, under the special protection of Monsieur, afterwards Louis XVIII, and took the title of Miade de Piidire du Rosier, Its object was the cultivation of the arts and sciences connected with commerce. The death of its founder caused the museum to languish. Some time afterwards it was re- organised under the name of lyjrcde; and it was here that the famous Laharpe delivered those lectures which form his work entitled I^cde^ or Cours de Littdratare ancienne et modeme. In i8o3, it took the title of Athdnie de Paris. Lectures are delivered here annually, in the winter, on various branches of literature and science, which are attended by ladies as well as gentle- men. The annual subscription is I aofr. Shareholders are perpetual members. Subscribers have access to a library.
80aET£ GRABUIATICALE, JVb. 21, rue de Bieheiieu. This society occupies itself with every thing connected with grammatical science, and particularly With the dis- cussion and solution of the difficulties that present them- selves in the French lanenage . Each membev pays ao fr . for his diploma, and la fr. a year. The number of resident members is 100, besides an unlimited number of corre- sponding members. Its meetings are held on Sundays.
SOCI^T^ ROYALE DES BONXES-LETTRES, JYo, 18, rue de Grammonu Party spirit gave birth to this society. The members
40
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^^O SCIERTlFlCy LITEKAftT
^re of the party called uUraSy who aim at promolgaitiii^ <>pinioii8 relatiye to monarchy and Catholicism, which %e liberals do not allow . Literary lectures are delivered in the winter ; but they have a political coloforing.
soa£T£ agad£mique it^criture,
JYo. 32, rue Quincampoix, This society consists of persons distinguished for fiae penmanship m Paris or the departments.
SOaETE DES BIBLIOPHILES,
iVb. 4, rue CoMtiglione. The object of this society, which consists of a4 i^en- dent members and five foreign associates, is tlie impres- sion of very scarce or inedited works, in ntoober equal to that of the members.
SOGI£t£ DES AMIS DES ARTS. This society was founded before the Revolution, bol was subsequently dissolved, and re-established in 1817. * Its object is to encourage the arts of sculpture, painting, and engraving; and an unUmited number of subscribers are admitted, who, at the end of each year, can with- draw or continue members of the society. Every share is fixed at 100 fr., and each subscriber can take as many shares as he^pleases. Three-fourths of the annual re- ceipts are devoted to the purchase of pictures, statues, vases, bas-reliefs, drawings, bronzes, etc., by living artists of the-French school : the other fourth is appro-
Sriated to engraving. The objects of art thus purchased uring the year are exhibited at the Louvre, and distri- buted among the shareholders by means of a lottenr, at die rate of one prize for eight shares. Such shareholden as do not gain prizes are entitled to a proof engravins, the plate of which is broken after the drawing. Sub- Bcriptions received by M. Chauvet, No. 48, me Ste.-Anne.
ATH£n£e DES ARTS. -This establishment was founded in 1792, for the en
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AND OTBSR SOCIETIES. 47 1
countgement and advancement of the arts and sciences. Its meetings are held on Mondays, at the H6tel-de-Vilie. Its members consist of artists, scientific men, and even artisans; ladies are also admitted. At the annual public meetings, prizes are adjudged for useful inventions and improvements in the arts and sciences.
goatri POUR libncouragement de l*industrie
NATIONALE, JYo. 42, rue du Bae. A society entitled Socidid Ubre dEmuiation pour tEit- eouragement des Metiers ei Inventions utiles, founded in 1776, was dissolved a few years before the Revolu- tion. The want of such an institution being much felt, it was re-e8tad)lished in i8oa, under the title olT SociM pour r Encouragement de V Industrie nationale^ by the concurrence of a great number of men of science, magis* trates, proprietors, and manufacturers. Its object is to second the efforts of the government for the ameliora- tion of every branch of French industry. The principal means it employs are :— xst, distribution^ of prizes and medals, for inventions or improvements in the useful arts ; ad, the communication of models, designs, or descriptions of new inventions, and of instructions or information for manufacturers or agriculturists ; 3d, ex- periments and essays for ap9>reciating the new methods annoimced to the public; 4^h, pecuniary advances to artists who are in want of assistance to enable them to execute machines or processes of acknowledged utility ; 5th, the publication of a bulletin, distributed exclusively to the members of the society, containing notices of discoveries relating to industry, made in France or in foreign countries, with remarks made upon them. It possesses considerable funds, and also receives aid from the government. This society holds a general meeting twice a year. The first is in February, when a report of its proceedings is read, a statement of its aocompts rendered, officers elected, and medals of encouragement distributed. The second is in July, for the distribution of prizes. At both these meetings new inventions and articles of improved manufacture are exhibited. The
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4<7a SCIENTIFIC, UTSaART,
eooacil of adnunistratioii aawmbles every otber mf e4 nesday. The membert of this society pay 56 fr. a yesij The prizes granted vary from 800 fir. to 6,000 fir. ea<A
soci£t£ ROYALE ET CENTRJLLE D'AGRTCULTURE.
This society, which holds its meetings at the H6tel de-Yille, was established by an order in council, datd March ist, 1761. Its object is the amelioratioo of th different branches of rural and domestic economy ■ France. It is the centre of the correspondence of all th agricultural societies in Fraooe, and consists of 4^ citii* nary, ni free, and la foreign associates. Thenuniberf of its correspondents in France and foixign countrves ii unlimited. Its affairs are managed by a president and vice-president, diosen annually by the society, mud a secretary and treasarer, appointed for life by ti^e ^u^l out of a list of three candidates presented to him. Tbe king is patron of this society. It meets eveiy ISvt- night, and in April holds an annual public med6B|, under the presidency of the mtnisler of th^e intenot^ when a report of its proceedings is read, and prises are distributed for memoirs, drawings, implements, ete. Tlie prizes distributed by this society, in 1 83o, amounted to 16,800 fr., besides a considerable number of gold aad silver medals, and works on agricnkure. 1
SOCltTt D'HORTICULTURE, iVo. 12, rue Taruimm. This society, for the improvement of the cnltiire sf pleasure and kitchen gardens, the plants and fruits destined for food, the vegetables susceptible of being employed in the arts, fruit-trees, etc., was established is 1827, by M. Soulan^e Bodin, and is patronised by the king. Its attention is particularly devoted to the intro- duction of species of the best quadity, and the spread of their cultivation. To further the objects of this associa- tiott, it grants prizes, distributes medals, and excilet emulation by the exhibition of plants, shrubs, flowers, etc. It publishes a monthly journal on gardening, under the tide of Armales de la SociM ttHoriieulUtre, whick
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r
AND OTHER SOGtBXlBS. 4?^
Kf is distributed to the members, eacb of whom sobacriihes 4 3o fr . a year ; and it bokb meetings twice a month.
'SOCIETE lyAGRONOHIE PRATIQUE,
No, t, rue de Bourbon.
^The object of this society is to further the progress of
, tiie cultivation of plants, by propagating good methods,
^ proved by experience to be usdful; encouraging disco-
^ veries ; naturalising exotic plants ; spreading knowledge,
by means of a monthly journal and gratuitous lectures ;
and afibrding instruction to pupils. The society consists
\ of titular, honorary, and corresponding members, and
auditors. The titular members subscribe 25 fr . per year,
and the corresponding members i5 fr. The other two
classes of members are exempt from subscription. The
titular members are classed in 7 sections, as follow: —
I , botany, vegetal physiology, and other natui'al sciences
applied to culture ; a, mathematical sciences applied to
culture ; 5, naturalisation of useful and ornamental exotic
plants ; 4y dendrology ; 5, plants for household use ; 6,
ornamental plants; 7, medicinal plants. Each section
has its president and secretary. The afifaii^s of the society
are superintended by a council.
SOaET^ IVAMELIOKATION DES LAINES,-
JNo. 126, rue de Grenelle-St.'Germain. This useful institution adjudges annually two prizes and two medals to French agriculturists, who devote their attention to the improvement of sheep, and parti- cularly to the introduction and multiplication of English breeds in France. Its meetings are held on the ist Mon- day of every month .
SOCI£t£ lyEGONOMlEDOMESTIQUEET INDUSTRIELLE,
Jfo. 12, rue Taraime.
The object of this society is to spread such pi^aetiGal
knowledge as is useful in household affairs in the town
as well as in the oonntry ; and in the difierent kinds of
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474 SCIENTIFIC, UTEEART,
industry in cominoa and daily use. It makes researehes and experiments, collects facts and processes, and gives them publicity by means of its Journal de$ ConnaiS" sances usuelles ; and distributes medals and prizes for useful discoveries. The annual subscription is nS fir. ; for which the Journal is sent to subscribers. The \ ciation meets on the last Monday of the month.
SOGI^TE DE LA MORALE GHRJ^TIENNE, iVo. 12, rue Taranne. This society was formed in 1 8a i . Its labours cotsist in collecting information upon the establishments, eflbits, and productions of every kind, which, in divers coun- tries, have for their object the moral and physical ame- lioration of mankind. It publishes a journal to show the salutary influence of Christianity on the in^tntions, civilisation, and prosperity of nations. The sodety is divided into five sections: — i, to hasten the abdli^onof the slave trade and slavery; a, to ascertain the meaott calculated to ameliorate tlie moral state of prisoners, and provide gratuitous defenders for persons under accusa- tion ; 3, to remedy the injury done to morality by gannng and lotteries ; i, to place out young orphans ; 5, to apply the spirit of association to beneficence, and direct the exercise of it. Besides the journal, Uiis society pub- lishes other works to further the objects it has in view, and awards prizes for memoirs on given subjects. The members pay an annual subscription of a5 fr.
SOCIj^TE DES METHODES D'ENSEIGNEMENT, iVo. 13, rue Taranne. This association, formed in 1819, devotes itself to the improvement of all the branches of instruction, and contemplates the introduction of a complete and ra* tional system of public education. It has founded a school, ^cole orUiotnatiquey No. 35, rue du faid>onrg St. -Martin, upon a plan by which the term usually de- voted to education is greatly abridged. The annual subscription of each member is aS fr., for which, he ■ receives the Bulletin and Journal Sltdiwation^ published r by the society. The meetings ai« held on the ad Tues- \
AND OTHER SOCIETIES. 4?^
^y of every month, and at the anniud public meeting prizes are distributed.
soci£te pour L'INSTRUCTION ^UMENTAIRE,
TVb. 12, rue Taranne. This society was established in i8i5, for encouraging tfae formation of elementary schools in France and the colonies, according to the best methods of instruction. It founds elementary schools, encourages the translation of books for elementary instruction, and corresponds with schoolmasters, subscribers, and similar societies, sells its publications at cost price, and publishes a Bui- letin mensuel. This society holds two general meetingSi at periods that are not fixed. A great number of Eng^ lisb attend these meetings, and are so deeply interested in the proceedings of the society that all their memoirs are translated into English. The council and admini- stration meet every fortnight. To become a member of this society, it is necessary to be introduced, by a mem- ber, and to subscribe annually :i5 fr.> for which each subscriber receives the BuUetitty and can place three children in one of the achoob supported by the society
SOGliTi AGADtMIQUE DES ENFANS D'APOLLON, This society, founded in 1 7491 meets on the ad Sunday of every month, and holds an annual meeting, devoted to music and poetry. Amon^ the members are several of the most celebrated musicians in Europe, as well as distinguished painters, sculptors, architects, and Qien of letters.
SOCltTfe LYRIQUE DES SOUPERS DE MOMUS. This association of authors meets on the first Friday of every month, at the restaurant of F^e, Place du Ghl^ triet. It consists of 20 members, each of whom must present at the monthly supper a song or piece of poetry. A Tohime of these songs is printed annually. In this society are enJsodied the two associations called I0S p(- rters du Fauieinlh and le Cw^au, Modnne.
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4^6 libraries:
CHAPTER XVn.
LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS.
LIBRARIES.
BIBLIOTHEQUE DU ROI,
No, 68, rue de Hiehsiieu. From the introduction of Christianity into France to the time of St. Louis, the few books existisg in \he kingdom belonged to the numerous convents which had been snccessiveiy established, and were confined to co- pies of the Bible, treatises of the fathers, canons, missals, and a few Greek and Latin authors. ' St. Louis caused copies to be made of all the conventual maniBcripts, and arranged them in a room attached to the Sainte-Cha- pelle. This coUection of books the king bequeatbe&lD several monasteries. From St. Louis to king John, ^e have no historical notice of any royal librai-y, and even that possessed by the latter monarch did not exceed eight or ten volumes. Charles V, his successor, who patronised literature, caused many works to be cojued, and others to be translated ; with these, and soooe books that were presented to him, he formed a library cousisi- ing of 9 1 o volumes . They were deposited in a tower of the Louvre, called ia Tour de la Librairiey and consisted of illuminated missals, and other religious works, ac- counts of miracles, lives of saints, and treatises upon astrology, geomancy, and palmistry. In order that li- terary persons might at all times enter the library, a silver lamp was constantly burning. This coUectioD was partly scattered and carried away during the reign of Charles VI. The remainder disappeared mider & regency of the duke of Bedford, who purchased it for I ,aoo livres, and sent the greater part to England, toge- ther with the archives that were deposited at the Louvre. Most of the books were adorned with miniatures, and had cosUy bindings, with gold or silver cksps u4
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BIBLIOTBKQDE DU B.OI. 4^7
mouBtings. Loais XI collected the books Mattered ia the variouft royal palaces, to which he added sereral otL 3r collections ; and printina having been mveated in hi- Teign, he bought all books that were published. C ' tries Vni derived no other froit from the conquest of ^. >les, in 1 49^, but a number of vakiaMe volumes. 1. lis Xn augmented the royal library, and transferred if o the chdteau of Blois. At that period it consisted Oi i,8go volumes, of which 109 were printed, and the others manuscript. Francis I transferred tlie library of Blois to Fontainebleau, in the year i544- This monarch added greatly to the royal library. Henry H issued an ordonnance by which it was decreed, that a bound copy on vellum of every book printed cam privUegjo, shoiud be deposited in the royal library . In 1 627 , by theeon- fiscatioli of the goods of the conn^table de Bourbon, the library was augmented ; but it suffered considerably from the ligueurs, who carried off some of the most valu- able manuscripts. Catherine de MMicis bequeathed to the royal library a collection of medals and manuscripts which she had brought from Florence. In the year 1 594 9 Henry ly ordered the library to be transferred from Fontainebleau to Paris, and phiced in the College de Clermont (now College de Louis4e-Grand), which was left unoccupied by the Jesuits, who had recently been expelled from France. That order being recalled in 1604, their college was restored, and the King's li- brary was transferred to a room in the content of the Cordeliers. Under Louis Xm, the i*oyal library was enriched by many valuable collections, and removed from the convent of the Cordeliers to a spacious house in the rue de la Harpe. It then consisted of 16,746 volumes in manuscript and printed books. During the reign of Louis XIY, and the administration of Colbert and Lonvois, the treasures of the royal library were aug- mented beyond any thing previously known. At the same time it was rendered accessible to the public. The house in the me de la Harpe being found much too small, Louis XIV formed the design of transferring the royal library to the Louvre ; but, in 1666, Colbert bonght two houses adjoining his residence in the rue
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478 LiBBARIES :
Vivienne, to which the books were removed. Hub ex- tensive oollection, daily augmented by bemiests, pre> sents, purchases, and tribate, contained, at the deatiiof Louis XIV, in 1 7 1 5, more than 70,000 volumes. Louvois had formed the determination to establirii the royal li- brary in the place Yend6me, but his death defeated the project. Under the regency of the duke of Orleans, tiie treasures of the librai7 continuing to increase, and the houses in the rue Yivienne being found very inadeffoatp to their object, a resolution was formed to remoie mm elsewhere. In the rue de Richelieu there was an im- mense hotel, which had been formerly occupied by (or- dinal Mazarin, and had borne his name. This buiUiig was bought by the cardinal of Jacques Tubeuf, presideiA of the Chamber des Gomptes. Its extent embraced the entire space between the rue Yivienne, the me de Ai* chelieu, the rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs, and the me Colbert. Cardinal Mazarin having man*ied his nieoe Hortensia de Mancini, in 1 66 1 , to tibe duke de laMeiUe- raie, constituted him his sole heir and residuary Vmtee, upon condition of bearing his arms and name, llpoa the death of the cardinal uie palace was divided. That part towards the rue de Richelieu came into the posses- sion of the marouis de Mancini, nephew of the cardinal, and was called ffStel de Net^ers. The other part, Cacing the rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs, fell to the share of the duke de Mazarin (de la Meilleraie), and bore the name of HSiel de Mazarin^ till 17 19, when it m» bought by the regent, and given to the India Company The exchange was afterwards established there, and subsequently the royal treasury, where the latter re- mained till I Sag, when it was removed to the new struc- ture in the rue de Rivoli. Upon the failure of Law's financial system, in 1 7a i , the Hdtel de Nevers, in which his bank had been established, being left unoccupied, the regent determined to make it the seat of the royal library, which was accordingly transferred thither from the houses in the rue Yivienne ; and there it has remained ever since, the buildings of the H6tel de Mazarin having been annexed to it, upon the removal of the treasury, in ^ i^ag. Its stores were greatly augmented under the reign
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' BIBLIOTHEQUB DU ROI. 479
. of Louis XY, at whose death the number of printed . ▼olomes amounted to more than 100,000. Upon the suppression of the monasteries at the Revolution, all the manuscripts and printed volumes contained in them were transported to the library, which took the title of Biblhtheque Nationals, The number then added if computed at nearly 100,000 volumes. Whilst Napoleon was £rst consul, it was enriched by some of the valuable treasures of the Vatican, and other libraries of Italy. Upon the occupation of Paris by the allied armies, in 18 1 5, the greater part of these were restored, and the library, which was then called BiblioiMque ImpdHale^ resumed its name of Bibliothkque du Roi. An annual grant is made by the government to the royal Ubrary, K>r the purchase of books, manuscripts, engravings, and antiquities.
The building which contains this splendid collection is entirely destitute of ornament on the outside. Its lensth is 54o feet, and its breadth i3o. The front is a plain wall, pieroiMlhere and there with windows. The entrance leads into a court 3oo feet in length, by oo in breadth, surrounded with piles of building, which are not without dignity and elegance. They present two styles of architecture, the one that of the ancient Hdtel de Nevers, and the other that of buildings erected about tbe year 17 4o- ^Q ^^ centre of the court is a bronze statue of Diana, by Houdon. A handsome staircase to the right leads to the rooms open to the public, and the cabinet of medals and antiques. The books are kept in cases with wire grating, which no one is al- lowed to open except the persons attached to the esta* blishment.
The library was formerly divided into five sections, Tiz.-^i, printed books ; a, manuscripts ; 5, medals and antiques; 4, engravings ; 5, title-deeds and genealogies. The sections are now four, the latter having been sup- pressed during the Revolution, and since annexed to the section of manuscripts.
The printed works occupy the eround-floor, the first- floor, and several galleries above, nut the rooms of tlie iirst-floor alone are open to the public. These i*ooma
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46o LIBIUaiES 9
have 33 windows opening into the ooort. The """«>»fl of Tolomes is said to be upwards of 700,000. Tbey an arranged in five divisions, as follow :-— i, theology ; 2^ jnrispradence ; 3, history ; 4* philo6<^hj ; 5, belles' lettres. These divisions ai^e subdivided, and the worb arranjued according to the usual system published in the Bibliographie Instructiuey by Guillaume Debure.
Tables, with inkstands, are placed in the auddle d the rooms for the convenience of readers and writers, who must furnish themselves with paper and pens. IVo conversation is permitted. The easiest way to procure a book is to wnte its title, and hand it to one of the U- brarians. The tables are commonly a'owded by persons of all classes in pursuit of knowledge, and frequently by ladies.
In a scjuare room, called le Petit Saion, which contains the editions of the i5th century, is a host of Louis XVin, in bronze, and in the centre of the transversaJ gallery stands the French Parnassus, by Titon du Tillet •— <i paltry production, in bronze, representing an abrupt mountain, on which are 16 litres, including Pegasus, and nearly as many genii holdmg medallions ; other me- dallions are suspended to branches of laurel. The figures represent the poets of France, with Louis XLV as ApoQo, and Mesdames De La Suze, Des Houlikvs, and Scttd^» as the Three Graces. The figures are GomeiUe, Racine, M oli^re, de la Fontaine, Boileau, Jean-Baptisfee Rousseau, and Gr^billon, to whom Voltaire, at the age of 45, has since been added. At the end of this gallery is a veiy remarkable representation of the pyramids of Ghisekt 'n Egypt, and the surrounding country, done on an exact scale, which is marked upon the plan. The wbok is powdered with dust from a stone brought by Grdbert from the pyramid called Chdops ; there is also a fragmeot of the pyramid, on which is the following inscription : — Petram ex Pyranude JEgjrptiaca Cheops MMncapmUf J. Grobert, aUuiit^ A .D . 1 800 . In this gallery are busts of Jerome Bignon, and J. P. Bignon, successively If- brarians. It also contains a beautinil basin of porphyry, brought from the abbey of St.-Denis, and said to have been used at the bapUsm of Clovis. In the adjoining
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BIBUOTBEQUB DU ROI. ^Sl
■ gallery is a representation of the system of the universe, i executed at Iqikn, bj Gh. Rouy, who presented it to ^ the library ; and at tibe extremity is a statue in pUster . of Voitaire, seated in an arro-K^hai.*, by Houdon, which « served as a model for the marble statoe in the peristyle k of the Th^dtre Francais. This gallery leads to a room I in which are two immense globes, begun at Venice, by t Pierre Coronelli, by order of the cardinal d'EstnSes, I who, in 1 683, presented them to Louis XIY, to whom ( he had dedicated them. They are nearly ii feet in di- ameter, and are surrounded by two brass circles, by But- I terfield, whidi form the horizons and meridians. On the terrestrial globe the water is blue, and the land f vrhite; cities are represented in red and gold, and monntains are green shaded with brown. These globes are more remarkable for their size than for their exact- ness, and are the largest in Europe, except one in the University of Cambridge. An inscription on the ce- lestial sphere informs us, *< that all the planets are laid down in the position they occupied at the birth of Louis-le-Grand: ** and one on the terrestrial globe asserts, ^^ that it was constructed to exhibit the coun- tries which that great monarch might have subdued, had not his moderation prescribed limits to bis valour." The ground-floor is filled with modem editions, printed on vellum and large paper, or copies remarkable for their binding. The greatest typographical curiosity in this library is the most ancient printed book, iviVA a date; it is a Psalter, printed at Mentz in 14^7, by Fust and Schoeffer. The Bible called jifasann, also in this library, was printed in 1 456, with cut-metal types.
The manuscripts are deposited in several rooms, and a gidlery on the first and second-floors, but those of the first-floor alone are open to the public. They consist of about 80,000 volumes, in Greek, French, Latin, Ori- ental, and other languages, including 5o,ooo which re- late to the history of France. The catalogue of the ma- nuscripts alone fills 24 volumes, besides ample supple^ ments to eadi. This section of the library once possessed the most ancient manuscript known, viz. the Virgil of
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482 tlBBARlBSl
the Vatican of the fourth century ; which, together with other valuable manuscripts from the Vatican and the library of St.-Mark, at Venice, were restored in i8i5. After passing through several rooms, the stranger enten a superb gallery, which existed in the time of cardinal Mazarin. Its len^ is i4o feet, and its breadth aa. The veiling, painted in fresco, by Romanelli, in i65i, re- presents various subjects of fabulous history, divided mto compartments. In this gallery are preserved, aa- der glass cases, very valuable and curious manuscripts. Among them is a Statement of receipts and expenses under PhiUppe-le-Bel^ in the i4th century, on waxen tablets; the manuscripts of Galileo; letters from Henry rVto Gabrielle d'Estr^es; the prayer-books of Anne of Brittany, Louis XFV, and one which belonged in sac- cession to Charles V, Charles IX, and Henry HI, and bears their eignatunes; aU beautifully written on vel- lum, and richly illuminated : the manuscript of Tele- machus in Fenelon's own hand ; Memoirs of Louis XIV, in his own hand ; the manuscript of Josephus, etc. «tc. The most ancient manuscripts now existing in this col- lection, are some prayer-books of the fifth and sixth centuries. Among the foreign manuscripts are some Persian, Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and Siamese, remark- able for their beauty. Amons the specimens of auto- graphy tiie following are entitled to notice : —
Comeitle: the letters are badly formed, and the lines are at irregular distances, but the writing is easy and bold. — Pire la C/taise : the letters are of a fantastical and u^y form, and tlie lines incline downwards.— iS^a/vn.- a small, neat hand ; the letters regular and well joined and the lines perfectly horizontal. — Bassuet: a smalll irregular hand ; the letters very far apart, and lines crooked. — Boileau: a small, regular hand; the letters well joined, and the lines horizontal. — Racine : a small regular hand ; the letters weU shaped, and the lines hori- xontal. — Montesquieu : the letters ill shaped and indis- tinct ; the lines ascendinc* and many erasures. f^o/.
taire: a small, neat, and distinct hand; the letters well Jo"*^* and lines vei-y stxtX^X.-^MadamedeMainienon ■ a bold running hand ; the letters long and slanting, but
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not well joined ; lines horizontal. Not like a woman's hand. — Madame de la FalU^re : an unequal hand ; the letters large and ill shaped ; some slanting, some vertical, and others gothic, and the lines incline downwards.—- Francis I : — Gothic hand ; letters vertical ; lines hori- zontal, and at large intervals. — Hemriiy: boldmnning hand ; letters gothic, slanting, large, and tolerably weU joined ; lines horizontal. — Louis XI Fi bold running hand ; letters large, irregular, slanting, and too close ; lines inclining downwards. Except thA the writing is smaller, it has a perfect resemblance to that of Madame d<Maintenon.— -7*ureiw«; an irregular running hand; somewhat similar to that of Louis AlV.*
The Cabinet of Medals and Antiques^ which forms a distinguished part of this sumptuous establishment, is sitoated at the extremity of the principal sallery on the firs^floor. It was founded by Henry IV. The total number of medals and coins is computed at 80,000. Among them are some which are extremely scarce, and some which are unique. Of the former, is one of Mark Antony, the son, in gold. Among the latter, is a me- dal of Nero ; one of Pesoennius Niger ; a Greek medal- lion, in silver, of the same emperor; a gold medal of Uranius, sumamed Antoninus ; a satirical medal of Gal- lien, in which he is represented with a woman's head- dress ; a gold medallion, three inches in diameter, repre- senting Justinian ; another of Alexander Tyrannus Africanus; and a third of the emperor Romulus. It likewise possesses many of the earhest Roman coins and specimens of modem medals. Among the antiquities, which are very numerous and valuable, is the superb collection of the count de Gaylus. At ^e Revolution,
* Fso-fiimiles of many of these hands as also of Ctizabetb, Mtrj ^een of Scots, Gharies I, Anne of Brittanny, Bacon, Ghrislo- pber Columbus, Charles XII, Christine of Sweden, etc., etc., jtfe given in the Isographie des Uommet oSUbres, a most cu- rions work, edited by Messrs. Bavard, Chateaugiron, Duchesne ain^, and Tremizot, wliich forms 3 quarto volumes, price 180 fr. ; and which comprehends nearly 600 of the most curious facsi- miles or signatures in the Royal Library, and the other public MtabUshmenta of Paris.
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«ll the antiquities contained in the treasury of ti Sainte-ChapeUe, and in that of the abbey of St.-Deiu were added to this cabinet. It is worthy of obeervmtioi that daring the disorders and pillage of the RevolirtiQi the royal library, which contained so much metdtt treasure, was constantly inspected. In the cabinet ma be seen many curious Egyptian antiquities, the beiw and shield of Francis I, some remarkable objects fooai in the tomb of king GhUderic, the bronze chair of kiip Dagobert, the iunoua vase of the Ptolemys, tbe of brated cameo representing the apotheosis of AagnA the sword of the order of Malta, the seal of Michael Ji^ gelo, the shields of Hannibal and Scipio, and soaoea tioue busts. But the most precious conosilies in th collection are, the beautiful antique cameos and intag- lios, consisting of engraved seals and rings, by Greei^ artists, executed with an exquisite finish which ha& not been eauaUed in modem times. In the cabinet is i marble bust, by Houdon, of the Abb^ Barlheleray, ir- merly keeper of the medals. On the groond-floor at some ancient stone monuments (among which is the(X- lebrated zodiac of Denderah), as well as some mummies, papyrus, inscriptions, and other antiquities. In these rooms the archaiological lectures are delivered.
The Cabinet of Engravings occupies several rooms of the entresol, and is approached by a small staircase to the right, at the angle of the court. It was founded by Colbert, who, in 1667, bouglit the Al^ de MaroUe's collection of plates, comprised in Ho volunaes, contain- ing about 125,000 impressions. To this acquisitioB were afterwards added other collections : — ^that of Gaig- 1 nitres, in 1711 ; of Beringhen, in 1731 ; of Marshal, d'Uxelles, in 1753; of Begon, in 1770 j and several others less considerable . The number of plates at present composing the cabinet may be computed at i ,200,000, contained in 6,5oo volumes or portfolios. They are clatiscd in the following order: — ^viz. i, galleries, cabi- nets, and collections of sovereigns and private indi- viduals, rare specimens in the art of drawing and engraving; 2, the Italian and southern schools ; 3, the German schools ; 4, the French schools ; 5, engraveiv ;
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6, scidptnre; 7, anttqnitM; g, arcfaltectwe; g, tlie phynco-inaUieinatical scieooes ; 10, Datoral history; 11, tlie academic arts; la, arts and mechanics; i3, ency- clopedias; 14, portraits; i5, costnmes ; 16, histonial profe^omena; 17, history; 1 8, hierology ; 19, mytho- lofly; 30y fictioDB; 21, travels ; 1^, topography; 23, bioiiography.
Persons desirous of examining mme of the volwnes, shoohi ask,, in the schools of Italy, for the works of Mi- chael Ancelo, Raphael,'*Titian, Correggio, the Garracci, Dominic Zampieri, and Guido ; — in those of Germany, Albert Dorer and Holbein; — in those of the Nether^ lands, Lacas Van Leyden, Rembrandt, Rubens, and Vandyck ;-^4a those of France, Poossin, Le Bmn, Le Suear, and Rigaud. Amongst the foreign engravers, the works of Marc Antoine Kairoondi, HoUar, Crispin de Pas, Goltzius, Bloemart, and Romain de Hogne ; ' among the French, those of- GaUot, Duplessis-Bertanx, Mellan, Silvestre, Nanteuil,. Picart, Le Glerc, Edelinck, Audran, Le Has, Wille, and Moreau. In natural his- tODjr are many plates of birds and plants, beautifully coloured, such as the pigeons of Madame Knip, the birds of Paradise of Levaillant, the flowers of Prevost, the lilies and roses of Redout^. The pot^traits, to the number of 55,ooo, are divided in each country ac- cording to the rank or profession of tlie individuals, and are daased in chronological or alphabetical order. The series of the costumes of various countries and different ages cannot be viewed without interest. The History of France fills 80 portfolios. The topogra- phical collection is very curious ; the topography of Paris alone ocupies 54 poilfolios. The Cabinet of En- gravings consists of several rooms ; in the first of which is a selection of very fine encravings, in frames. All the aqua-fortis engravings are placed in the compartment of the first window ; the engravings of Marc-Antoine Rai- mondi, together with those of the Italian and German masters, are to be found in that of the second window, or the first in front. All the other parts of the first room^ and of the second (called the ^;allery), are occu- pied^y fine plates of the age of Louis XIV, both those
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published in foreign countries and in Fnnce, as well 9M proofs of the finest prodactions of modem French en- gravers. In the middle of the gallery are tables and chairs, for the convenience of those who wish to in^ spect the engravings. The attendants are always ready to supply any volume that may be asked for, upon the person applying to one of the librarians.
The library is open for students, authors, etc., from ten o'clock till two, every day, except Sundays and ho* lidays. Visitors are admitted to the library as well a to the cabinet of medals and antiques, and the cabinei of engravings, from ten o'clock till two on Tuesdays and Fridays. The vacation commences on the ist of Sep- tember and ends on the iSth of October, during which period the library is closed.
With permission of the Minister of the Interior, lite- rary pei'sons, well recommended, are allowed to have books out of the library.
BIBLIOTHEQUE DE STE.-6ENEyiEVE,
Place SU'Genevi^e. This library, situated immediately behind the church of Ste.-Genevi^ve, is approached by a mean entrance on the right of the church of St.-Etienne-du-Mont. It oc- cupies an immense gallery in the upper part of the an- cient abbey of Ste.-Genevi^e (now the College d'Henri IV), which foi^ms a Greek cross. The left arm of ttie cross being shortei* than the right, is concealed by a drawing in perspective, by Ledoux. In the centre rises a dome pierced with eight windows, in the interior of which is a painting, representing the apotheosis of Ste. Augustine, by Restout. At the end of the right arm of the cross is a model of Rome, on a scale of one inch for 90 feet, by Gremini. This extremity leads to se- veral rooms for the convenience of readers and students, in which are a few curiosities, * a series of portraits of tlie
• This library formerly pouesscd t fine collectioii of medals and antique*, which was annexed to that of the king's library
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kings of France, from Philippe-le-Hardi to Loais XV, and a portrait of Mary queen of Scots and <meen dow- ager ck France. At the east end of the hbrary is a model of a corvette bnilt at Havre-de-GHice; and along the sides are a great number of busts of celebrated men, some in marble, but the greater part in plaster, by Constou, Coysevox, Girardon, and others. When the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld established in the abbey of •Ste.-Genevi^, in i7Q4t the regular canons of St. -Yin- cent^e-SenUs, the community had no library. Shortly after, the fathers Fronteau and Lallemant formed a col- lection of about 10,000 volumes, which was afterwards augmented by father Dumoulinet, who purchased seve- ral collections, including that of the learned Pieresc. In 17 10, Letellier, archbishop of Rheims, bequeathed his nch and valuable collection to the abbey of Ste.-Ge- nevi^e. This library, which is as regularly arranged as any in Paris, now contains about 1 13,000 printed vo- lumes, and between a, 000 and 3, 000 manuscripts. Against the wall of the staircase is the largest drawinc of the moon in existence ; it is to be regretted that su£ ficient care is not taken of this beautiful and valuable production. The library is open to the public every day from ten till two, except Sundays, and from the ist of August to the 1 5th of September.
BIBLIOTHEQUE MAZAKmE.
This library occupies part of the buildings of the Pa- lais de rinstitut, although quite distinct from the library of the Institut. Cardinal Mazarin possessed two libra- ries which had been formed by the celebrated Gabriel Naud^, who coUected the most scarce and curious books in France and foreign countries. The cardinal, upon founding the college which took his name (now the In- stitut), gave to it the books upon which he set the least value, and bequeathed to it the rest at his death. It consisted of 4o,ooo volumes, which, in i65a, were sold by a decree of the Parlemeni, To repair this loss, Naud^, aided by Lapoterie, bought up again a great number of the works which had fallen into the hands of
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booksellers and private individuals. .To tiiese were added the library of Descordes, and that of Nandi, who died in i655. All these works, added to the books pos- sessed bj the college, formed the BiblioMaue Mazanme. The manuscripts, hovr ever, yrere removea to the kine's library. It now contains abont g3,ooo volumes. Tms entrance to the library is on the left of the first court, by a staircase handsomely adorned with columns and cor- nices of stucco, in imitation of marble, and a railipff of iron, deftly wrought. The principal room -whict it occupies IS adorned with many good marble busb, a( which some are antiques ; and several vases . It possesses a very fine terrestrial globe of copper, executed by the brothers Bergwin, under the direction of Louis XVI, for the dauphin. The Bibliothique Mazarine is open to the public, from ten o'clock till two, every day except Thursdays, Sundays, and holidays. The vacation com- mences on the 1 5th of August and terminates on the ist of October.
BIBLIOTHEQUE DE MONSIEUR, At the Arsenalt rue de Sulijr, qumi det CelettUns* About the year iSgG the city of Paris built an arsenal upon this spot, which afterwards passed into the hands of the government. A dreadful explosion having taken place in i563, the buildings were reconstructed upon a more extensive scale, by order of Charles IX. Henir IV augmented the buildings and garden of the arsenal, and created the office of ci*and-master of the artillery, in fa- vour of his minister Sully, who then took up his resi- dence at the arsenal, where he was frequently visited by his sovereign. It was on his way to Sully's house, that Henri IV was assassinated on the 14th of May, 161 o.* Louis XIV bavins caused arsenals to be constructed on the frontiers of £e kingdom, the casting of cannon in
* In front of a house in the rue de It Feironerie, where Henry IV was assassinated, a bust of that noiuurdi may stiU be a«eB, with the following inscriplion :—
Hanaici Machi rbckbat raAainTiA citbs, Qcot iLLi jBTiano roBMas ivvxir AMoa.
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that of Paris was discontinued. The onlj use made of the foundries since that period, was the casting of the statues which adorn the garden of Marly, and that of Versailles. During the regency, in 1718, some of the old boiidings were demolished to erect a mansion lor the grand-master. In several rooms of this mansion was the Taluahle library, called Bitlioihique de Paulnty^ because originally formed by the marquis de Paulmy d'Argenson. To this collection was subsequently added that of the duke de la Vallidre, and several others, when it took the title of Bibliothkque de r Arsenal. The united libraries now form the Bibiiothiaue de Monsieur, having been purchased by the count a'Artois (Charles X), in 1 785. It is very rich in history, foreign literature, and poetry, particidarly in Italian works ; and contains t65,ooo printed volumes, and 6,000 manuscripts, among which are some beautiful missals.
A bed-room and a cabinet of the apartments of Sully, in which he used to receive Henry IV, are still to be seen. They are richly gilt, and resemble, in the style of their ornaments, the chambre d coucher de Marie de Midieis, at the Luxembourg. The painting on the ceiling, by Mignard, represents France triumphant. The furniture they contain is a table with a marble top, of modem appearance, and two articles which undoubt- edly belong to the age of Sully; one is a kind of writing- desk ornamented with black varnish and copper gilt; the other is a cumbrous sort of desk, with four boards to place books upon. By an edict of the year 1788, the arsenal of Paris was suppressed, and its site destined , to form a new quarlier. This project was never carried into execution. Upon part of the garden of the arsenal the boulevard Bourdon was form^ in 1 806, and upon another part tlie Grenierde Reserve was begun in the following year.
The Bibliotkeque de Monsieur is open to the public from ten o'clock till two every day except Sundays and holidays, and from the i5th of September to the 3d of November.
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BIBLIOTHEQUE DE LA VILLC, Rue de Tourniquet, behind the HStel-de-F'iUe, M. Moriaa, Procureur du Roi et de la Ville, wms de- sirous that the H6tel-de-Ville should possess a libraiy. To this end he purchased a great number of yolames ia literature of every kind, rare manuscripts, portfolios filled with maps, engravings, plans of towns, and views of public buildings, to which he likewise added a cai- lection of medals, coins, etc. At his death, which took place in 1759, he bequeathed his library to the HAlel- de-Yille, on condition that it should be open to the pub- lic. As, in the H6tel-de- Ville, there were no rooM adapted to receive it, the collection was removed to tlie H6tel de Lamoignon, in the rue Pav^ an Marais, where it was opened in 1763; and from whence it was transferred, ten years afterwards, to a gallery in a convent previously occupied by Jesuits, in the rue St.-Antoine. Since the Restoration it has been enriched by several purchases, particularly the manuscripts upon the history of France, by Godefroy, &ther and son, and removed to the galleries it at present occupies . It contains nearly 5o,ooo volumes, induding all the great works aenerally consulted by scholars, and a great number of English productions, but possesses no splendid or curious speci- mens of typography. This library is open to the pohhc every day, from twelve to four o'clock, except Wednea- dajTs, Sundays, and festivals, andfrom the 1 5Ui of Augitft to the 5oth of September.
The Chamber of Peers, the Chamber of Deputies, the Institut, the Observatory, the Council of State, the Court of Cassation, the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, the Schools of Law, of Medicine, of Mines, and of Bndget and Highways, the H6tel des Invalides, the Polytechnic School, and in general all the creat institutions of Paris have also libraries, which, Uiough not public, may easily be visited by any respectable person wishing to make researches, or to pursue any particular investiga- tion in literature or science. In this respect Paris is
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nnriTalledy for there is no other city in Europe where persons of every class find such facilities for literary or scientific porsoits.
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MUSEUMS.
MUS^E ROYAL, At the Loupre, Ifhis splendid institution is divided into three sec- tionSy viz. the Musie des Tableaux y the Musde des Des- sins J and the Musie des Antiques; to which may he added the Musie Charles X^ the Musie Dauphin^ and the Galeiie d'Angouleme. In describing this museum -we must confine ourselves to the architecture and orna- ments of the different galleries or rooms, and their ge- neral contents, as it would far exceed the limits of this work to give a catalogue of the multitude of productions of art it contains. Catalogues may be purchased at the Museum.
Musii DBS Tableaux. — ^The grand gallery, which con- nects the palace of the Louvre with that of the Tuileries, was, under the reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XY, the repository of models of the various fortresses of the king- dom. In 1775, a project was formed to transfer these -models to the military school, and to establish in the gal- lery of the Louvre a royal museum of pictures, statues, and antiquities. The plans in relief were removed to the Hdtel-des-Invalides in 1784)* but the remainder of tiie project was not carried into execution. The National Convention, by a decree of July 27, 1793, ordained the establishment of a National Museum, and fixed the loth of August following for its being opened to the public. A great number of difierent objects were collected, among which were 537 pictures by the great masters of different schools, and bronzes, busts, vases, marble tables, china, time-pieces, etc . ,to the number of 1 14 • At rhis time only part of the interior of the gallery was
• They now form a part of the Musie Dauphin,
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finiriied. In the year VI (1797, 1798), a gr^niinibef of pictures were added from various countries of En- rope, the exhibition of which was opened on the i8tl Germinal an VU (April 7th, 1799). In the year IX, the gallery being completed, it was thrown open to tlif public with a richer collection than it had ever befoie contained. According to a catalogue published in i8r{, the splendid collection in this gallery consisted of i,ni pictures, all chefs ^'osuvre, for none but master-pietf were admitted. Upon the occupation of Paris in i$d, a great number of the most valuable pictures w«rt^ moved. The vacant spaces thus occasioned in the mis of the gallery have been filled up by pictures from tk gallery of the Luxembourg, and other collections. Tbe entrance of the Museum is upon the place da Mus^. . Over the door is a colossal bust of Louis XMII, ia bronze. * From the vestibule a magnificent sturcase, after the designs of Fontaine, leads to the pictoiffil- lery, which is preceded by two rooms, called the iiSit {P Entree ^ and the Grand Salon. The staircase n^ corated withaa Doric columns of Flanders marble, vi^ bases and capitals of white marble. It presents three arches, of which that in the centi*e rest&on four columns and those of the sides on pilasters. It is richly om^ meuted with statues, vases, military trophies, and bas- reliefs; the latter represent Painting, Sculpture, Ardii- tecture, and Engravinc. The ceiHngs are adorned ^th two paintings ; one by Abel de Pujol repi-esents the revival of the Arts ; and the other by Meynier represcDb France, under the form of Minei*va, affording protectioa to the arts. In the curves of the latter ceihng are has- reliefs in imitation of bronze, representing : Europe ci- vilized by the Arts, Sciences, and Letters ; the Fine Arts rendering homage to Concord; and medallions of Jean Gonjon, Pierre Lescot, Pierre Puget, and Hardooia Mansard.
The Salle d'EntrSe presents in the ceiling the apo- theoses of Poussin, Lesueur, and Lebrun, by Meynier; Clio is inscribing their names in the annals of the age of
• Formerly it was Napoleon.
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tonus XrV, and a genius wards off the destmcttve scythe fTinae. The entrance to the gallery is on the right of htf OrandSaloMy which possesses no ornaments hat the licturct which adorn the walls. The grand gallery onsistsof a single room i,55a feet in length, which receWes light hy windows and sky-lights. It is formed into nine divisions by ardies, each of which rests on four Corinthian columns of rare marbles, between which are TsueB of porphyry and alabaster, busts, etc. The first liree divisions are devoted to the French school ; the UB%% three to the German, Flemish, and Dutch schools, ind the last three to the Italian and Spanish schools. In l^e centre is a globe of large dimensions, which is very (lurious, in consequence of its having been entirely exe- cuted by the hand. At the extremity of the gallery is I door which leads into the palace of the Tuileries. rhis pa^ of the gallery is ornamented wittk 24 columns of di^erent orders, which afford a noble bound to the perspective. The present number of pictures in the gallery is i,!286.
MosEB BBS Dkssins. — This branch of the Royal Museum occupies a room called Galeried'Jpollon^ which is sepa- rated from the grand gallery by the Grand Salon. The oalleiT of ApoUo was built dnringthe reign of Henry IV. In 1661 , whilst fitting up as a ball-room, it was desti-oyed by fire. Louis XIV ordered it to be repaired, and ap- pointed Lebron to paint the ceiling, but before it was finished that artist was called to Versailles . The name is derived from the subjects of the paintings on the ceiling. Under the Directory, this room was app*x>priated as a repository for original drawings, sketches, paintings in iwater-colours, etchinn, enamels, miniatures, Etruscan vases, and curiosities>. This gallery was first opened to the public on the aSth Thermidor, an V (August 1 5th, 1 797), •nd the number of drawings amounted to about 1 1 ,000. An annual exhibition in August was afterwards made, but in the year X, the success of the French armies havinc icreatly augmented the collection, the gallery was openea m the month of Messidor (July, i8o'i). It then con- |tained 53 1 new articles in drawings, curiosities, etc. At several subsequent periods this Museum was greatly
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enriched, bat, like that of painttnss, was deprived of ^ considerable part of its most valuable contents in i8i5. In die centre of the ceiling is Apollo in his car, witk the attributes of the Sun. In the compartments nctf that of the centre are Spring, by Gallet; Summer, b Dorameau ; Autumn, by Taraval ; and Winter, bj L»- gr^n^. In an oval compartment towards the north if Evenine, by Lebrun ; and near it, in an octagona] inine, ^ight, ny the same artist. In the oval frame to i^soath is Morning, by Renon ; and near it, in an octagonal compartment the E^veil ties Eaux^ by Lebran . b pAr den medallions below the compartments are the nwis of the year. The sculpture of this room, whii^ is worthy of attention, was executed by Regnaudin, ^ thasar de Marsy , Gaspard de Marsy , and Girardon . Ik designs possessed by this Museum amount to a5,ooo, d which only a vei*y inconsiderable portion can be exhi- bited. This division of the museum possesses, more- over, *4iOoo copper-plates, the pi*oofs ot which are sold for the benefit of the establishment.
Musu Dis Antiques. — ^This museum was originaUj formed of the statues and other pieces of sculpture col- lected in Italy in 17979 in conformity to the treaty of Tolentino. Messrs. Bertholet, Moitte, Monge, Thouin, and Tinet, were appointed by the government commis- sioners for collecting the objects of the arts, and M. Raymond was charged to dispose and embellish some of the rooms of the old Louvre for their reception. Thif museum, which took the title of Musde NapaiSonj ym opened to the public on the gth of ^'ovember, 1 8o3. Is the beginning of 18149 the number of pieces of sculp- ture in the Imiseum was a56. In i8i5, the most valv* able objects of the collection were removed by the allies: and among others the Laocoon, the Apollo Belvidere, the Y^nus de Mddicis, and the sublime Torso. Since the Restoration a great number of statues, etc., hai« been added to the collection, and live additional rooms* bearing the name of Galerie iTAngotMme, destined to contain the productions of modem sculptors, were opened in July, 1 8a 4. The different rooms bear the name of the principal object which they conUin.
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In the vestibule, over the entrance, is a baa-relief, bj Ghandet, representing the Genius of the Arts. The ceilings painted by Barthelemy, represents man formed by Proinedkeus, and animated by Minerva. On the pen-- dentives are medallions in ba»-relief of tlie four schools of tbe art of statuary. . France points out the Milo of Crotona, by Pujet; Italy, the Moses of M. Angelo ; Egypt, the colossal statue of Memnon ; and Greece, the Pythian Apollo. The two former are by Lorta, and the two latter by Lange. Over the arch leadine to the Sttlle des Empereurs is a beautiful bas-relief, Iby Chaudet, representing the three arts of design, under the figures of xkie three Graces.
S^dle des Empereurs Romains, — ^The ceiling of this room, painted by Meynier, represents the Earth receiv- ing from Adrian and Justinian the code of the Roman laws, dictated by Nature, Justice and Wisdom. The two grisailleSy in imitation of bronze, by the same ar- tist, represent Trajan causing the aqueducts to be built, and the re- establishment of 8ie Fia Jppia, which took the name of Via Trajana, The bas-relief, representing Marcus Aurelius granting peace to the Marcomanni, is by RoUand. The four rivers with whidi the room is ornamented, are, the Eridanus, by Gois, junior ; the Tiber, by Blaise ; the Nile, by Bridan, junior ; and the Rhine, by Lesueur.
Salle des Saisons. — ^The paintings of this room and the three following are by Uomanelli, an Italian artist w^ho came to France in the minority of Louis XIV. The sculptures and other ornaments of the ceilings were ex- cutid after his designs and under his direction. The four Seasons are painted in the comers of the room. The other subjects are taken from the history of Diana and ApoUo, whose emblems relate to the Seasons.
Salle de la Paix. — The paintings, in fresco, of the ceiling, represent Minerva, surrounded with figures al- legorical of the Arts, the Sciences, and Commerce. Peace is seen setting fire to a pile of arms ; and the Goddess of Agriculture appears encouraging the labours of the field.
Salle des Eomains. ''^The paintings of the ceiling re-
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present Poetry and HistDry eelefanAing tiM em^oits warlike Rome. The sul^ects of the four nde-picii are taken from Roman history, and represent, — i. Deputies of the Senate bringing to GiBcinnatns te Dictator's purple ; 2, the Rape of the Sabines ; oourageons Action of MHcius-Scasrola ; 4 9 *^ nence of Scipio.
Salle du C^nteure.^-The frescoes of the cmlingi^ sent Virtues and Gen»i . As this apartment was deHv for qneen Anne of Austria, the artist painted on tk» paHUffis Esther and Judith. This hall baeTiagiB enlarged, some other paintins were added : w. F«. by Hennequin ; Study and Renown, hj P^yron ; ^ tory and the Genii of the Arts, by Leduto! ; two Gtt^ one of whom holds the crown of ImmortaAkfj bj Gn^ rin; two other Genii in the opposite compsitnent, M Prudhon.
The Salle de Diane is neither decorated with jsini- ings nor sculpture.
SaUe du Candelabre.'^Tl^ picture in dw ■n^fie «i the ceiling is by Prudhon, and represents Diana baseK^ ing Jupiter not to subject her to the laws of Hymen. Tk ornaments and bas-reliefs which surround this pidst allude to the same goddess. We see Orestes and Jpkt genia caiTying off the statue of the Tauric Diana, In rettitot; the Lacedemonian Virgins dancing inhononr of Diana, by Cartellier; the Goddess and her ^-Jiniftiis asking Vulcan for hunting weapons, by Esperaem; and the Amazons celebrating, by dancing, the faaa^ tion of the Temple of Diana, at Ephesus, bj Fo«icoa. The two pictures on the tympanums are, Hercules, wk obtains from Diana the stag with golden horns, by Ga^ nier; and Diana restoring to Aricia, Hippolytos, whs had been i^evived by Esculapius, by Mdrim^.
The Salle du Tibre, the Salle du Gladiateur, and die SaUe de Pallas, are without paintings or architectoid sculpture.
The Salle de Melpomene is adorned with a maniiij' cent mosaic pavement executed at Paris, by BeMeBi, which cost 80,000 fr. It is surrounded with a gilt rail- ing, and represento Minerva in a car, followed by P»cf
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and Abiiiidaince. FigiiMs of mm and odier aeocsnnw enrich the hordcM. The Mle tFJsk is neidier deocv- rated with painting nor sculptures, but all the walls vm covered with cokMired maribie as hig^ as the cernice.
The Salle de la Psychic the SaUe de I'Hamsfnee, the Sidh i^aercuh etniiphe, and the Salle de la MSdde, are widiont architectural sculpture or painting.
The Salle or Corridor de Pan serves for a passnge on the right to the Sidle de CarUUides, and on the left to the SMe dw Glmiiaiear, and the Salle du Tibre.
The Sidle des CaHatkles was constructed during the reign- of Henry 11, after the designs of Pierre Lescot. Tbe sculptnres in relief, are by Jean Goujon ; and under the regency of Catherine de MMicis this hall was used for entertainnMRits and theatrical representations. Af- terwards, the king's antiques were transported there, and the models cf the master^pieces of Italy, among which were those of the Trajan column, which Francis I, it is said, meant to have cast in bronze to adorn the palace of Fontaineblean. These models and casts, aban- doned to damp, were injured by time, and thrown some years ago among the rubbish of the Louvre. This room is 4o feet in lengdi by 4i in breadth. The ceiling is ornamented with sculpture, andsupported by fluted co* Inmns of the composite order. At one extremity is a trihnne, supported by four cariatides, the master-pieces of Jean Goujon; they resemble those of the Temple of Erecthens, at Athens. The remainder of the decora- tioas, and particolarly the arches between the windows, were sculptured after the designs of Messrs; Perrier and Fontaine. Some of the flowers and fruits were bronghl from theohwch of St.^Athanasius, in the me da Tens^ pie, having been executed in the time of Goujon* The ngores on the caissons are by Stonf ; the Genii conveys inc the attributes of the chase, above the tribune, are by Csllamard.
The semicircular bas-reltef, in bronze, above the tri- bune, is by Benvennto Gettini, who executed it in the time of Francis I, to ornament one of the rooms' of the palace of FontaineMeau. A fonntain-nymph is repre^ sealed with her lef tarm *esttng upon an mm, from- which
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water flows, and her n^t encirding the neck off a stag. Dogs and animals of the chase occapj the groond q€ the bas-relief.
The fine bronze door below the tribone dates from the beginning of the i6th century. The ei^^t baa-relic6 which decorate it adorned the mausoleom of the fiunilj Delia Torre, at Verona. They are the workmanship df Andrea Riccio, of Padua, called Briosoo, an arohifecf, and an excellent sculptor and founder.
At the other extremity of the hall, fronting fte tn- bune, is a very handsome chimney-piece, deconled with statues of Bacchus and Geres, attributed to Gouibs-
Most of the rooms are adorned with columns of pir phyry, alabaster, Egyptian and other costly marble, ami the pavement of some of them is extremely rich. Tbt following is a statement of the treasures of the Mutk des Antiques-, — viz. Statues, including groups, animab and fragments, si55; busts, heads, and termini, !i3o: bas-i'eliefs, %ii\ inscriptions, 206 ; various objects, sudi as vases, altars, candelabra, columns, etc., 233. Total, 1,116.
GiJLBaiK D'AmqoulAmb. — ^This museum, which take its name from the Dauphin, who bore the title of dnke of Angouldme till the accession of Charles X to the throne, occupies five rooms on the western side of the Louvre ; it was opened in July, i8a4, and is devoted to the works of celebrated sculptors of a date not earlier than the i6th century. These rooms are paved with mosaic work, ornamented with fine columns surmonnted by busts, and contain some beautiful productions of dis- tinguished artists. The entrance is m the court of the Louvre, to the right of the Pavilion de rHorhge,
MusBB Chabus X.-— This museum occupies nine richlj decorated rooms on the south side of the Lonvre, in which Egyptian, Greek, and Roman antiquities, as well as many of the middle ages, are classed and arranged, according to their origin, a^, and analogies. The nrst three rooms contain a magnificent collection of Eg3rptiaD anti<piities. In another room are the Grecian antiqni* ties, mcludiog the finest collection of Etruscan vases mat exisU in Eui-ope. A closet of the fifth room i»«senU
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mtique (dijects in glass, such as phials, ums> oobletSy achrymatories, etc. In this and some of the at^oining rooms are productions of the art and industry of the [greeks and Romans, comprehending statues, small fi- gim-es, lamps, candelabra, casques, cutlasses, axes, clasps, necklaces, scales, steel-yards, patersB, prefericulae, tri- pods, sacred knives, etc. In one of the rooms is a bril- liant collection of French and Italian enamels. Besides the above rooms, there are several on the gi^ound-floor, n which are placed colossal objects, such as sphinxes, ombs of Egyptian kings, small granite, temples, etc. rhe ceilings ot the Musie Charles A are so truly mag- nificent, that the stranger will find satisfaction in having he description of them . They should be viewed in the following order : —
First room : — Charlci X bettoinng on tbe Arti the Mnsce Cliaries X, by baron Gros. His Mi^eftty is seated on his throne between Peace and Plenty ; behind hnn is Justice who displaYS the ist of favours she has just received, and points out tne lung's loKcitude for the welfare of his people. His Majesty, after having administered justice, devotes his attention to the encouragement of the arts and points to the new museum which his munificence has JQst consecrated to the arts and sciences. Around are attri- bntes analogous to the subject ot the ceiling, bj baron Gros ; and nx bas-reliefs in grisaillef by Fragonard, representing the Arts tendering homage to the sovereign, who collects together their wot\b in Ids palace.
Second room : — Julius II giving orders for the construction of the Vatican and St.-Peter*s to Bramante, Michael Aneelo, and Raphael, by Horace Vemet. Around are attributes analogous to ^e subject of the ceiling, and medallions, the latter by Abel le Pajol, representing several celebrated men of that age.
Tliird room: — ^C^pt saved by Joseph. Syrinx casts her ^ into the Nile, whicn is dried up, ana from its vapours arise he seven years of famine that rush upon Egypt to devour her; the takes refuse in the arms of Joseph, who saves her. Pharaoh, ^fom the portico of his palace, admires in Joseph the delivering genius of Egypt. Around are four bas-relie<s in imitation of ironze, representing;: — Joseph keeping his flocks; sold by hit brethren ; interpretmg Pharaoh's dream ; raised to the govern- Bent of Egypt. The 16 children supporting festoons of fruit ffe emblems of the 16 cubits of the Nile, upon which the fertility >f Emtt depends. The middle of each festoon is decorated with he Nilomerer. Eleven bas-reliefs in gritaille represent scenes rom the civil life of the Egyptians. The whole are by Abel dt P^jol.
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Fourth room :— Study and G«niiif ttdinf^ Greece m the die*' coYcry of Egypt. Aionnd an atuibutes analogous to the sol^ ied of the ceiling, the whole by Picot. The subjects in grisaU/cy by Vinchon and Gosse, are : — a Greek statuary copying an E^fp- tian statue ; Apelles painting from nature ; Phidias sculptunn(^ from nature; Orpheus singing; a dramatic poet teaching h»
Sart to an actor ; origin of the GorinthiAn> cafiitnl ; ctrigm tf rawing ; decline of the arts in Greece.
Fifth room ; —Three pictures by bavon Gros: -^Real GWy supported bv Virtue; around are the names of most of thesMii who have sned lustre on France. Mars, crowned by l^ory, listening to Moderation, stops his coursers and lowers -hbit^e- lins ; in the distance are seen the cohimns of Hercules-;— Hbc conducts Tnith towards the steps of- the throne, whcae At ii received by Wisdom, who places her under her shield ; a naaoot genius is listening ; the royal arms are at his feet. lia six cea- partments are represented the most celebrated ages in the aits^ Sixth room : — Francis I, accompanied by the queen of Na- varre his sister, and surrounded by his court, receiving the pic- tures and statues brought from Italy by Primatrioe. AioumI are medallions of the principal artists who shed lustre on the age of Francis I. These medallions are supported by winged Genii bearing flambeaux. In grisaille are the Sciences and Fine Arts rendering homage to their protecting Gods. The whole by Fragonard.
Seueath room: — The nymphs of Paithenope, canyiag far from their shores their household-gods, are conducted by the Goddess of the Fine Arts to the banks of the Seine. Around are four pictures, by Meynier, in the style of those ofjlcrculaneum, of which two represent the syren Parthenope, foundress of the city to which she gave her name ; and Pluto and Vulcan, rejecting the sacrifice offered them by the city of Herculaneum ; the other two are groups of children. The subjects in grisailUt by Vinchon andGosse, are:— Pliny contemplating Vesuviua; the priests of Pompeia bearinc^ away the sacred instruments ; the flight of the innabitants of Pompeia ; Vesuvius destroying the cities of Campania ; a Cynic philosopher ; Anacreon coaaposi^ his odes ; a young girl consuuing a sorceress ; and Toilette^ by Meynier.
Eighth room: — Vesuvius personified receives from Jupiter the fire which is to consume Herculaneum, Pompeia, and Stabia. These ill-fated cities implore Jupiter ; Minerva, protectress of the arts, intercedes for them, whilst bolus holds the winds cnchainedt and awaits the command of the sovereign master of the gods. Around are six pictures, of which four represent scenes of dcsohh tion ; the fifth, the death of Pliny the elder ; and the sixth, Pliny the younger writing his letters. In eight round frames are Genii, saving objects of art. The above by Heim. In grisailU, hj Vinchon and Gosse, are various scenes from the civil life of the
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ancients, and at the angles are divers remains of furniture found in the c&cavations of Pompcia and Aerculaneum.
IVtnth room :— Homer deified; Homer, crowned as Jupiter, by Victory, receives at the threshold of his temple the homage and gratitude of great men. Around : — seven cities dispute for being the birth-puce of Homer; Apollo admits the Iliad and the Odyssey in the number of the muses. The above by Ingres. The sttljrcta in gfhaiUe^ hj Vinehon and Gosse, are: —Homer singing ; honours renderea to Homer ; departure of Ulysses under the protection of Minerva ; tJlysses at the house of Circe ; Ulys- ses recognised by Penelope ; Thetis cottsoling Achilles ; Thetis gjvine arms to Achilles ; Diomedes, conducted by Minei^a, after baving killed Pindarus and taten his horses, wonnds Venus, who had come to the sneeonr of ifineas.
In the passage are two bas-reliefs in^nMi7/e, re]prcsenting the Fine Arts testifying their gratitude to the protecting Genius who crowns them, oy Fragonard.
Musii Daitphui.—- This might with propriety be called MMisSe de ia Mmrine. It contains modeb of vessels of erery kind, aeetions of vessels, machines used on hoard ship, plans in relief of ports and naval arsenals^ among which those of Bluest and Toulon ai*c conspicuous, no- dels of andwr-houses, iroi»-works, rope-houses, block* houses, oar-makers' sheds, ancient armour, curiosities from the South Sea, and odier places, etc. Here are de- posked the c^jects discovered by Capt. Dillon and Capt. d'Urville near the isle Malicolo, at the spot where the unfortuiiate La Peyroose and his companions perished. It also contains a fine collection of original drawings, by the brothers Osanne, presented by Charles X, severd* sea-pieces, and views of ports. T\ie Musde Dauphin occupies six rooms on the northern side of the Louvre.
This grand royal establishment is governed by a di- rector, who has under his superintendance the museums of the Luxembourg and Versailles, and the galleries of the difierent palaces.
The Mtis^ Royal is <^n to the public on Sundays. Strangers are admitted every day, except Mondays, by a- door to the right of the principals entrance, upon pro- ducing their passports.
MUSEB DU LUXEMBOURG,
See Galtery of the Luxembourg^ page 19?.
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MUSfiE D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE, At the Jardin des Plantet, At the solicitation of Herouard, his chief physiciaD^ and Guy de la Brosse, physician in ordinary, Louis XIQ founded the Jardin des Plantes, in i6ti6; but the edict, which was enregistered by the Parlementy did not ap- pear till May, i635. Several distinguished men, among whom may be reckoned Guy de la Brosse, Tespasien Robin, Fagon, Aubriet, Duvemey, Toumefort,\ailIant, Bernard de Jussieu, Hunaud, Lemeiy, and Cjrsteniay du Fay, contributed greatly to the prosperity of tbe establishment, previous to the appointment of bu£ron,iii 1739, to the functions of superintendent. That c^ brated naturalist devoted himself with persevering zeal to the interests of the ^rden ; and before his death, in 1788, the names of Daubenton, Antony de Jassien, Winslow, Ferrein, Antony Petit, Faujas de St. Fond, Van Spaendonck, Desfontaines, Macqner, Vic d'Air, Fourcroy, and Portal, shed lustre upon tiie establish- ment. At the Revolution, the universities, the facolties of medicine, law, etc. being suppressed, there was reason to fear that the king's garaen would be involved in the general proscription ; but, as it was considered national property, and visitors of all classes were equally well received, and as the people believed the garaen to be destined for the culture of medicinal plants, and the laboratory of chemistry to be a manufactory of saltpetre, it was respected. The wretchedness of the times, how- ever, was sensibly felt. Much was undertaken and no- thing completed. Funds were wanting to pay the workmen, to provide nourishment for the animals, and to defray the expense of the collections. Potatoes were cultivated in the beds destined for the rarest plants, and the establishment was threatened with total destruc- tion. Bonaparte, being placed at the head of afiairs, turned his attention to the museum, to which he not only furnished funds for continuing the works already begun, but enlarged the garden, and made considerable additions to the collections. From that period to i8i3, the prosperity and treasures of the museum increased in
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' constant progrefluon, but in the latter year the revenue of the museum was reduced, and no important enter- prise was undertaken. In 1 8i4f when the allied troops entered Paris, a body of Prussians were about to take up their quarters in the garden ; but a safeguard for the rnnsenm and an exemption from all military requisitions were obtained from the Prussian general . In 1 8 1 5, upon the return of the allied troops, there was reason to fear that the museum would be deprived of a great part of its contents. The magnificent cabinet of the Staddiolder was claimed, but it was afterwards agreed that an equi- valent should be furnished from the duplicates of the museum. Several valuable gems were returned to the Pope; and many objects of natural history and books belonging to emigrants were restored. Since the Resto- ration, the kings of France have continued to promote the interests of the Museum, considerable coUections have been added to its riches, and travellers are still sent out into distant regions to examine their natural productions. .The sum of a 0,000 fr. a year has been appropriated to the support of travelling pupils appointed hj the professors.
This noble establishment is under the control of the Minister of the Interior ; and consists of, ist, a botanical garden, with spacious hot-houses and green-houses ; tid, several galleries, in which are scientifically arranged coUections belonging to the three kingdoms of nature ; 5d; a gallery of anatomy ; 4th, a gallery of botany ; 5th, a fnenagerie of living animals ; 6th, a library of natural history ; and 7th, an amphitheatre, with laboratories, etc. for public lectures on every branch of science connected with natural history.
The lectures, of which there are twelve courses, are flpratoitous, and permission to attend them is obtained, by application at the Bureau de 1* Administration. They are aelivered as follows: — i, mineralogy; a, chemical arts ; 3, botany ; 4> culture of gardens, and naturaliza- tion of foreign plants ; 5, zoology, invertebrated ani- mals; 6, rural botany; 7, geology; 8, general chemis- try; 9, zoology, reptiles, and fish; 10, bii*ds, quadru- peds, and cetaceous animals ; 1 1 , comparative anatomy ;
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1 3, human aiuitt»ny . The kotures are ddivered in tke amphitheatre, in the ^pJleries of natural history, the boUnical garden, and in the country. A correapond- ence is kept up with all similar eatahlishments, and a prodigious quantity of seeds, slips, etc., are annually distributed. This musenm is unquestionably the richest of its kind in the worJd. The garden, the buildings, and the collections, form a magnificent establiahment, but it is the extent given to instruction, which iofoses life into the institution and i-enders it of general ntilily. Gabdbn.— Upon arriving at the gate by the cpay, the cabinet of natural history is seen at the opposite eitre- mity of the garden. On the right and left are two fine avenues of lime-trees; and beyond these, on ihe light, the menagerie, extending to the rue de Seine; on the left are groves of forest-U-ees, bordering the rue de Buffon. By the great avenue, on the right, we arrive at the court of the cabinet, and, foUovnng the iron-nii- ing, which separates it from the garden, find oursdves at the entrance of the paraUeL avenue, with the cabinet in the rear, and a little to the right a separate building, which contains the library. We shall here begin the circuit of the garden. Proceeding from the bead of the great avenue of lime-trees, on the southern side of the garden, we see, on the right, plantations of forest-trees of aU countries, and three cultivated squares; and on the left, two enclosures separated by a circular basin, the nursery, a square sunk bed, called the basin, and se- veral flower-beds. The first four plantations are com- posed of trees of every species and every country which pass the winter in our climate ; among them are a gle- ditschia without thorns, sent from Canada, in 1748 ; a sophora of Japan, the first received in Europe ; and the | fu^t acacia obtained from North America. In the next 1 plantation is a jimiper, io feet in height, brought from the Levant. A t the extremity of this pkintation is a ea/9y where refreshments are taken beneath the shade. Be- yond are three squares enclosed by a trellis. The first { is appropriated to annual plants admired for the beauty of their flowers. The second is devoted to ornamental perennial plants. The third is occupied by the seed- Digitized by Google I
MvstE d'histoiae itatviblle. 5o5
beds of trees and shrubs which bear our winter. Hera is seen a pretty cluster of Ispahan peach-ti^ees, the seeds of which were brooght from Pei*sia in 1780. At the ! extremity of Ais square is a transversal alley of Virginian tolip-trees. This spot was formerly the bounds of the garden, and the visitor will observe, that at this point the liyie-trees of the great avenue are less lofty, having been planted only in 1 783. Beyond the transversal ave- nue are four other plantations. The first is planted with evergreens, and is separated from the next by an avenne of larch-trees ; the second presents a variety of trees whose fruit or foliaoe arrives at perfection in the antamn, and is bounded by an avenue of maple-trees ; the third is a thicket of ornamental summer trees, so dis- tributed as to present agreeable contrasts in their foliage, Ibnn, and flowers, separated from the next by an ave- nne of ayhmlesy improperly called Japan varnish-trees ; and the fourth is planted with ti*ees which bloom in the spring. This plantation, in which is a small restaurant, is bounded towards the quay by a lofty hedge of Chinese ttHfores vitOB. Returning by the ten^ce to the gate, we see in front a narrow alley extending to the basin, and having beds on the right and left. The first four beds contain medicinal plants for the poor; of these, two are assigned to indigenous plants, and two to exotics. The two next beds contain duplicates of the most beautiful perennial plants of the botanical garden ; and in the two last are cultivated plants for domestic uses, and border- flowers. We now arrive at the sunk bed enclosed by an iron-railing. From the beginning of the spring to the end of the summer, it presents a splendid display of roses, snow-drops, lilacs, fontanesias, etc. We next cross au alley and arrive at the nursery, which is also surrounded by an iron-railing. On the south is a bed shaded by the lime-trees of the grand avenue, in which such plants are cultivated as require peculiar care. Beyond the nursery are two beds enclosed with a trellis, and devoted to the multiplication and naturalization of such foreign perennial ]^nts as pass the vrinter without shelter in our climate. On the sloping borders are tufts of bulbous roots, and each bea is bordered with
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flowers proper for edging. In the tine season, beautifi| traes from the orangery are placed in the interval whin separates these beds, and at the extremity towards th cabinet. Between the two last beds is a circular ham for the cultivation of aquatic plants. Hound the ham is a subterranean passage, where cryptogamous pkoli. which grow in obscurity, are placed to advantaoe. (k the right, opposite to the beds just mentioned, is '^ den with an iron-railing, where tlie plaats d At orangei7 are exposed in the siumner. In thenar of the garden is the oran^ry, whose walk are cowed with climbing plants. By the side of the orangenii a small enclosure sheltered on the north and west^ (ft- taining hot-beds and frames for such delicate plaDbSi are midtiplied by slij^s. On leading the garden of ir orangery, we find ourselves near a slope oandmetiag t» two hilts. One called the labyrinth, trom its wamerom intricate paths, is of a conical shape. On the»BHrt» a cedar of Lebanon, the first seen in France, iMi Collinson, a wealthy English physician, presented^ the garden in i754 ; i^ spreads its branches at the feat of the labyrinth, and with its offspring suji^ies ^ pleasui^e-grouuds of France. It would have obtained a loftier stature, if the summit had not been acddenbilh broken. Below the cedar of Lebanon, towards tk south, are two stone pines of remarkable siae. Asoend> ing by the path which winds several times round tibr hill, we arrive at an elegant pavihon, encircled vnA bronze pillars and a balustrade. From this elevated spot a view extends over the garden, the gi^ater part d Pans, and the distant landscape in the direction oiMio^ martre; Vincennes, and Sceaux. On the eastern sUff betw"een the pavilion and the cedai* of Lebanon , b'l small enclosure, in the centre of which a simple mMUt column, resting on a base of different minerals, max^ the grave of Daubenton. In descending the hill on thf north, we notice a beautiful maple, and below it tbi largest plane-tree in Paris. Between the two, on tiM verge of the slope, is a dairy, to which students, n4* pass the moraing in the garden, repair to enjoy a nirtl repast, for which the dairy^maid does not forget t*
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^'C ottM*»l^**'*^'***""8 *o descend, towards the east, we tf an ftiT ^^'jPPPOMte the second hill, which is smaller, irith w{ A^^ ™» *^^» ^^® ^^ lahyrioth, intersected Jie Urn i * V^^s, and planted with everj[reens. On the riw * *^ ®*planade with a picturesque view towards ^ front'^ f V *^® ^"^^^ of this hill is a spacious enclosure, IWen-im amphitheatre, with the seed-gaixien, the
I iotanir«i'*'^'j ^^^ ^® menagerie, on the right, and the "Hd so ^^®''y» the residence of the administrators •ine ** P'^^^sors, and a gate leading into the rue de ^ lu^ ' ?** y^ left. The enclosure is used for the expo- v,*J ^^^ the fine weather, of the most beautiful tfiip ?^ HoUand, the Cape of Good Hope, Asia hewi' ?** .*^^ Coast of Bai^hary, which have passed •one t^^M »* *^^ green-house. In the centre is a large ^eaiiHfii ^* ^^ ^® ^^^^ ^^ *^® amphilheati'e are two ^I'^^J^SiciU pahns, aS feet in height, which were «a^ to Louis XIV. Near die araphitheaUe is the gg!^^^ of the menagerie. The varied surface of the iritT f ^ divereity of the plantations, and tlie singu- " *^ 'actions, | ' '
liis part <
^^j^ _ _ fomgn
j^^^^ making the torn* of the menagerie, the visitor re- Ne * v *^ terrace extending along the green-house. WcJl J * *P^^ " * well, which, by means of a pump to tK *^*^"**tely by horses and camels, supplies water 'len^* ^^lole garden. After having passed along the ^jj^ce of the green-house, and the railing of the gar- t^of seed-beds, the visitor finds himself opposite the "^nical-school, and proceeds down the chestnut-tree J«nue which leads to the quay. On the left of this > ^^€ are, the seed-bed garden, the naturalization gar- .?j ^ree deep paved com'ts, in which are bears, or
0 "^oars, and parks for animals: on the right are, i f ^tanical-school ; an avenue of sophoras of Japan
^^Qiixed with ihuyas ; the school of fruit-trees ; an
**®«1U€ of plane-trees ; an avenue of catalpas ; the school
culture ; and the avenue of Judas-ti-ees, so beautiful
1 ^*y> when, the leaves being not yet opened, all tlie "inches are covered with pink blossoms.
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Mbmagkui. —When Louis XIV fixed his residencae at Versailles, the Academy of Sciences solicited bim to establish a menagerie in the magnificent park be- longing to his palace. This menagene continii»i to be enriched under the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI. The latter monarch being obliged to quit Versailles, the animals were neglected, and several of them perished for want of food. Those which remained were removed to the Museum in 1794. Some were placed in tempo- rary buildings, others in the groves, and the plan of a menagerie was immediately laid out ; but it was only by degrees that the necessary ground was obUined, and the enclosure did not attain its present extent till a few years ago. The menagerie is 229 fathoms in len^ from east to west, or from the espbnade in^front of the amphitheatre to the terrace along the quay ; its ^jreatest breadth from north to south is 1 10 fathoms, and it com- municates with the gaixien by three principal entranoes; two in the chestnut-tree avenue, and one near the amphi- theatre. The space appropriated to tame aninials, which walk about at liberty, is divided into 1 7 parks or enclosures, encircling the edifice called the rotunda. These parks, round which the public can walk, are subdivided into compartments, each terminated by one side of a building, into which the animals retire at will in the day-time, and are shut up during the ni^t. At the extremity of these parks, and near the river, is the building for the wild beasts. The dens, 2 1 in number, are sufficiently large for the animals to gambol and show themselves with advanUge to the public, who are sepa- rated from them by a strong iron railinff. The mena- gerie forms a kind of labyiinth, through the windingi of which it would be difficult to conduct the reader without repetition ; we shall therefore divide our de scription into six paits : viz.— i , the dens of wild beasts; 2, the rotunda; S, the pheasant-house; 4, the volery; 5, the monkey-cages; 6, the ostrich-house. — i , The dens for wild beasts contain lions, bears, timers, wolves, leopards, hyenas, jackalls, etc. Most of mese animals have been presented to tlie menagerie, and their number varies almost every year, some dying, and others being
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brought from their native forests; 3, the rotanda is flanked with five pavilions, to each of which is attadied a portion of the park or enclosure which suiTOunds the edifice. In these parks, which are separated from each other hj strong barriers, the animals roam at liberty, iw^hen the weather is fine ; they are, the Asiatic elephant, the African elephant, the girafe, Ihe bison, the drome- dary, the camel, the Indian ox and cow, the qoao^, or small horse of the Cape of Good Hope, etc. ; :>, the
f>hea8ant-hoase is an elegant semicircular building, ooking more or less to the sonth, from whence extend in roo/i compartments separated from each other by wire gratings. Here dwell the blue crested pauxi, from Cayenne, the South American hocco, gold and silver pheasants of China, pheasants of mixed breeds, the common pheasant, Chinese teals, and other rare birds : behind the pheasant-house are parks with two small buildings for bi^eeding ; 4i ^^ volery for birds of prey ; where may be seen the condor from Peru, the king of the vultures, the destructive eagle, the gyapate of the Alps, the white-headed eagle, the kite, and nu- merous aras and parrots ; 5, the monkey cages are beyond the enclosure of the menagerie. The most remarkable are the ouanderou or monkey-lion, the pi^-tailed monkey, the papiou, the drill, and the man- driU. A great number of monkeys have existed in the menagerie, and many have had young, of which several are still living. In general, however, the monkeys are not long-lived in captivity, and when, on account of the cold, their cages are kept shut, the noxious exhalations of the air generate diseases which are fatal; hence their number is continually varying; 6, the ostrich-house is circular, and covered with thatch; it is divided into several compartments, and serves for '* the dwelling" of the ostrich, the crane of Senegal, which affords the fine feather called marabout, the Numidian crane, the crowned crane of Guiana, and a number of ducks and aquatic birds. With the crane of Senegal lives the tapir of Guiana, an animal of extraordinary strength. Towards the west is situated a park inhabited by the Corsican inusimon, a species ol sheep covered with ^ Digii43ny Google
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hair ; the African sheep with a large tail ; the morvtmij with very long legs ; tiie camehis Jlpaca, an animal very remarkable for the length and fineness of its w<Md ; male and female goats from Tartary, and one from India, of the true breed which supply wool for making the costly Indian shawls; goats from Upper Egypt^ to whicb the projection of their jaw gives a very singular appear- ance, and those of Nepaul, which are remarkable ibr having the curved forahc** 't of the ^eep ; and sok goats which scarcely differ from tlie Eui*opean spedft hot which may give rise to a new breed. ContinaB^ along the walk towards the gi*een-house, we reack \ park with three divisions, towards the extremity cf which is a building resembling a i-uin. Two compart- ments are occupied by various animab, including the Alpine buck. In the thiixiis a basin for swans, geese of various species, and ducks. Here also are the peacocks. To the south of this park, which is the lowest part cftke menagerie, we see another, more elongated, extending from the green-house to the rotunda, sloping toward the north, and divided into five compartments. In ^ middle is a small pictui*esque building with fonr pavi- lions, each of which serves as a retreat to goats of ^'e- paul, and stags, and deer of different species. In the middle of a park opposite to the rotunda, is a shed en- circled with wooden pillars, in which is a mule pro- duced from an ass and a zebra. This animal is striped like the zebra, particularly on the legs and thighs. In front of one of the parks are three deep paved courts with cells, where bears afford much amusement to the pub- lic. In these pits are sometimes a number of wild boars, which ^nerally unpave them. The menagerie having successively possessed a great number of foreign ani- mals, which have been dissected, has given rise to most important researches in comparative anatomy. It has enriched the collections with many new species, aod has enabled the zoologist to study the instinct, intelli- gence, and habits of animals; the influence of education, confinement, domesticity, and change of nourishment; the phenomena relative to their gestation, to the care *i they take of their young, and to the development
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9td. propagation of certain qualities, which in process f time constitute peculiar races.
Cabimbt of Natural History. — ^Tlie buildinc which lenrs the name of Cabinet or Gallery of JNatural History s 590 feet in length. It fronts the east on the side of he gaixlen, from which it is separated by a couil and ui iron railing. The front, whicli has 55 windows on the first-floor, and the same number on the second » IS divided into three equal ^^'>*is. The middle part has i small projecting wing od each side. The ground-floor • 4X>mpo6ed of the porter's lodge, to the south, and of leveral itwms with doors and windows of iron grating, irbich open into the court. The largest of them con- tains models of agricultural implements, and is a lecture- room. The others serve as store-rooms for such objects as caniiot be placed in the galleries; they are lower as they approach the hill, ii*om the elevation of the soil in that direction ; so that the ceiling, which is 1 2 feet from the ground on the south, is only three fcc't on the noiih. Large trunks of petrified wood are placed betvyeen the gratingB. In tlie middle of the second-floor of the building is a very beautiful clock, of which we see the mechanism, as it occupies the space of a window, and is between two glasses. The interipr of the cabinet is composed of seven rooms on the first-floor, and Ave on the seoond. The first-floor is devoted to geology, mine- ralogy, and the collection of reptiles and fishes. The second is occupied by the quadrupeds, birds, insects, shells, etc. Some of the semicircular sashes which give light from the roof, ai<e raised and lowered at pleasure for the admission of air. Curtains are placed over the cases when not open to the public. The cabinet is divided into the following sections:-— i, geological col- lection; a, minerals ; 5, mammalia ; 4) birds ; 5, reptiles ; 6t fish; 7, articulated animals; 8, inarticulated inver- lebrated animals.
Gboum^ical Collectioi)!. — On the landing-place of the stairs, by the side of the door of the fu-str-floor, is a very large jointed basaltic column from La Tour, in the department of Puy-de-D6me, surmounted by a beautiful pyramid of rock crystal, two feet six inches indiaraet(*r
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at the base; the latter was found in Le Valais. Neitfo it are two jointed basaltic columns from the Giants* Causeway, in Ireland, and other irregular columns from St.-Sandoux, in Puy-de-D6me. The first room contains the remains of vegetables and invertebrated animals which are found in a great number of strata. These remains, which almost all belong to lost species, are classed according to the date of the formations in which they are found. The greater number ai'e accompanied by a portion of the rock which contained them. In this room are also several series of rocks. The fossil vegett- bles are placed in the cases to the left and those opposile to the entrance. The invertebrated fossil animals are in the cases to the ri^t of the entrance. ^^ are divided into three sections: — ^the zoophytes or radiated' animals ; the articulated animals ; and the mollusca. In the othei* cases, which are at the bottom of the room to the right, are the several series of rocks. The second room contains a rich and numerous series of fossil ver- tebrated animals, and a general and methodical coUee- tiou of the different formations which compose the mineral crust of the earth. This last collection is aiTanged in two large chests of drawers, 20 feet in length, placed in the middle of the room. The fossil vertebrated animals are divided into fonrgrand sections: fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammalia. The fossil fishes occupy a great number of cases. The fossil bones of quadlrupeas, birds, and reptiles, are opposite the win- dows. They indude the teeth and Jlx>nes of horses, elephants, the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, and other animals. Some are remarkable for having been found in digging the canal de TOurcq. An astonishing speci- men IS part of the tusk of an elephant found near Rome, which at first sight we are tempted, from its size, to take for the trunk of a ti^ee. Some hair with a portion of the skin of the antediluvian elephant that was found in the ice at the mouth of the river Lena, is preserved here as a very interesting specimen of that animal, which at the time it was discovered had still its flesh and skin '^n. In this room are also the fossil bones of birds and ^ of tortoises, cix>codiles, and an immense nnmber
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of reptiles. Here likewise is a beautiful mosaic table, formed of marbles found in Spain ; a mass of meteoric iron, of immense size, that fell in the south of France; and a series of the strata which form the environs of Paris. The third room bears the name of rock-room, and principally contains a systematic collection of rocks, classed according to their composition and texture. There is also a very scientific geographical collection, as well as a collection of mineralogiod specimens. In Ihb i*oom there are likewise severai works of art — such as four larjie vases of Yesuvian lava, a large slab of greenish serpentine, a mirror of black obsidian, similar to those used by the Peruvians before their conquest by the Spaniards, and two curious slabs in mosaic work.
GoLLEcnoif OF MinisALs.— The mineralogical collec- tion is divided into four gi*and classes, according to the system of M. Hatiy, viz.:^-i, earthy substances, con- taining an acid, the salts of former systems ; 3, eaithy substances or stones; 3, inflammable substances; 4> metals. It occupies two rooms immediately following those devoted to the geological collection. Tlie speci- mens are placed in cases. The fii*st room contains the first two classes of minerals. Here are the car- bonate, phosphate, fluate, sulphate, nitrate, and arse- niate of lime ; a fine crystal of Icelandic calcareous spar ; metastatic crystals from Derbyshii^ ; satin spar ; Parian marble ; the lithoeraphic stone ; stalactite ; sulphate and carbonate of narytes ; the sulphate and carbonate of stix>nthian ; the aluminous fluate of silez or topaz (not the Oriental topaz), which furnishes several precious stones for jewellei^y ; the nitrate of potash or saltpetre ; the muriate of soda, or common salt ; the borate of soda ; the carbonate of soda ; the muriate of ammonia, or sal ammoniac ; the alkaline sulphate of alumine, or alum ; and the alkaline fluate of alumine or cryolite . Several of these specimens, pai*ticularly of the yellow, red, and white topaz, are remarkably beautiful. The second class of minerals, namely, that of stones or earthy substances, are hyaline quartz, includinc; co- lourless rock crystal ; violet rock crystal, or amethyst ; the rose-coloured, o;* Bohemian ruby; the blue, the
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yellow (or Indian) topaz ; the yeUow-l>row&, or soiolbed topaz ; the dark-green, the dull-red (or composieUa fyacmik); agates, among which we may distinguish clialoedony, cornelian, sapphirine, sardonyx, prase, and plasma; quaitz restnite, whidi shines like resin, and jaspers ; of the former, the most heautiful is the opal, and of the latter, the sanguine jasper ; the rarest preaoos stones after the diamond; the corundum, including the ruby, topaz, and Oriental sapphire; tIiechi7soberyl,the chrysolite, tlie emerald, the beryl, the cordierite, tbe euclase, and the garnet; felspar; the touimaline, amphi* bole, and pyroxene ; lapis lazuli ; some lai^e slabs of mica, called Muscovy glass, because it is employed in Russia instead of window-glass ; specimens of asbestos, or incom- bustible flax, which the ancients spun and wove into doth; and talc, interesting on account of its various uses . Before the stranger quits this room he should observe a superb vase of the brecciated porphyry of tlie Yosges, two veiy large groups of crystals of colourless quartz ; several cups of agate, chalcedony, andjasper of different colours, another of rock crystal, one of violet coloured fluate of lime, two of sreenish jade, a vase of the same material, a small one of lapis lazuli ; a large and beautiful cup of limpid rock crystal, a numerous collection of small slabs of jasper, agate, and chalcedony, a ix)w of small columns, of amethyst, some small cups of chalcedony, chrysoprase, and amethyst, with several cut precious stones, such as diamonds. Oriental rubies, Oriential sapphires, chryso- Ute, etc. Amongst a second collection of polished slabs, are variously coloured specimens of rock crystal, some facetted and others merely polished ; there are also several specimens of artificial predous stones; different toma- hawks of savages, a cup of red jasper, and a large spoon of greenish jade, which is considered a rare and predous object. The second room contains the inflammaole sub- stances and the metals . Of the former class the specimens to be noticed are, native sulphur ; some superb gi'oups of translucid crystals ; a series of diamonds, rough and cut; solid and liquid bitumen; blackcoal, jet, and yellow amber. Of the latter, several pieces contain insects enveloped by the amber when in iu liquid state.
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withoat injuring tiieir form ; there is also a beantifol box of yelloiv amber. In the class of metallic substances are piatina, the least fusible of all metals; specimens of gold and silver, among which should be noticed a piece of massive gold from Peru, which weighs 161/4 ounces; a fine specimen of native silver from Mexico ; and tl^ difierent combinations of silver with sulphur and anti- mony, and the carbonic and muriatic acids ; specimens of mercury, or quicksilver ; lead, in every combination of form and colour; the dififei*ent varieties of copper ; a numerous collection of aerolites, or stones which have fallen from the atmosphere; iron ores, which present beantifiil specimens ; various specimens of oxide of tin, zinc, and bismuth ; arsenic^ manganese, antimony, uranium, molybdena, titanium, tungsten, tellurium, and dhrome. Some line slabs of Florentine marble in this room should not escape the visitor's notice. Here terminates the collection 01 minerals, properly called, one of the most precious in existence, on account of the great number ot choice specimens which it possesses, and the order in which tliey are distributed. The riches of this division of the institution were greatly augmented in 1825, by a present made by Charles X, of a fine roineralogical collection purchased by the civil list for 3oo,ooo fr. ; to which the extensive mineralogical cabinet fornned at the Mint by the celebrated professor Sage has since been added.
CoLLBCnoH or Mammalia. — Ascending to the upper story of the Cabinet by the grand staircase to tlie right, we enter the rooms which contain the zoological collec- tions; on the top of the staircase is a beautiful marble statue of Venus Urania, by Dupaty. The first three ix>oms and that at the farthest end contain the manmialia, arranged according to the system of baron Cuvier. The intermediate gallery is occupied by the birds and animals without vertebrae. The number of mammalia amounts to upwards of i,5oo individuals, belonging to more than 5oo species. The ist room contains the family of monkeys, including several species of the Ourang Ou- tang ; numerous families of apes, natives of the warmest regions of the ancient continent, which appear extremely
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lively and active ; the apes with long faces, called c^mo- cephalic or dog-headed; the black ape, without a tail, from the Soloo islands; the howling apes, the sai, the sajon, the sakis or night-apes, numerous species of small monkeys, the lemurs, nearly allied to the apea^ but having their muzzle as long as that of the fox, etc Passing into the ad room, we see the different spe- cies of bats, so remarkable for the form of their noses and ears, the length of their toes, and their membra- nous wings ; the bears ; the long-nosed coatis ; the badgei*s ; the civet of the Gape; the northern gbttnn; ^ weasels; moles; the tenrecus; the hedge-hog; maTtiiMS and the sable whose fur is so valuable; the European and American otters, the most remarkable of which it the sea-otter ; different varieties of dogs, and varioiis species of wolves ; numerous species of foxes, hyaenas, seals (vulgarly called sea-calf), sea-lion, seandephant, the Arctic walrus ( vulgarly called sea-cow), the arma- dillo of America; the manis, originally from India, where they in some degree represent the armadillo ; the ant-eaters ; the orycieropus or ground-hog; the Ameri- can tapir, and another species of the same genus ; the omithorynchus^ the large flattened muzzle of whidi resembles the bill of a duck ; the echidna^ which has a long muzzle terminated by a small mouth, like that of the ant-eater, and the body covered with spines like the hedge-hog; civet and genet cats, numerous species of the cat genus, comprehending lions, tigers, leopards, lynxes, etc. The third room contains numerous spe- cies of the mangouste, one of which is the ichneumon ; the didelphisy or animals witli a pouch, comprahending opossums, kangaroos, etc., the largest of which are the kangaroos of New Holland; the dasyura, the perame- les, and the phalangera ; the rodentia, to the number of TOO species; tliose most worthy of attention are the beaver, the dormouse, the hamster, the chinchilla, and , the alactaga ; a3 species of squirrels, among which is the flying scpirrel; the aye-aye from Madagascar, so named from its cry ; the porcupines ; numerous species and varieties of hares and rabbits ; guinea-pigs, rats, and mice. The last case of this room is filled by slotlis.
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f After having passed through the gallery where the birds > are placed, we enter the room which contains the order ^"fuminaniia. In the middle of the room are the male : atkd female girafe (cameiopardalis), the head of the i former being 18 feet from the ground ; the auroch, the : dromedary, the camel, the Canadian stag, and the elk. : In this room we see a young camel ; ihe'^icunna ; a wild F^mivian animal ; the lamay the only beast of burthen in Peru ; the musknleer ; the moschus pygmasuSy the smallest and most elegant of all ruminating animals ; the common deer, and a species one-third larger from North America ; the muntjac, from Java and Sumatra ; the deer of the Ganges, and of Louisiana or Virginia; the white and red deer of Cayenne, the roe-buck in its Mack and white varieties, a male and female rein- deer, several American deer ; the caama of the Cape ; the Barbary antelope ; the steenbock, the plunging goat of the Cape, the stone leaper, the griesbock, the woolly antelope; the pasan and algazel of Buffbn; numerous species of antelope ; several varieties of the goat, among which is the ibex ; various races of sheep, among which U a race oricinally from Persia and Tartary ; the tail of this race enlarces from the insei-tion, and gradually transforms itself into a double lobe of fat, weighing from 1 5 to 20 pounds. These rooms, although spacious, being found inadequate to contain the whole of the col- lection of maimmalia, a considerable number of the ani- mals have been placed in a gallery on the ground-floor, through which the visitor passes upon leaving the mii^- seom by the extremity opposite to that where the prin- cipal staircase is situated. Here are the Arabian horse; the Baskir horse, covered with long white hair ; the zebra ; the quagga ; male and female elephants ; the one- horned rhinoceros of India, the two-homed rhino- ceros of Sumatra, the two-homed rhinoceros of the Gape ; the unicorn of Java ; the^ hippopotamus of the Cape; the foetus of a whale, a porpoise, a large dol- phin ; etc. Many of the larger animals of this rich collection were alive in the menagerie.
CoLWCTiow OF Biam. — On leaving the gallery of rumi- nating animals, we re-enter that of hi rds . This gal lery
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is adorned with bronze busts of Louis XVIII, Charkl X, and of Linnaeus, Fourcroy, Antoine Petit, VVixwlow, Tournefoit, Adamson, and Daubenton. The collection conipi*ehends upwards of 6,000 individuals belonging to more tlian 2,5oo diiTerent species. Ahnost all are in a perfect state of presei*vation, and such means have been found of preparing them that they never change. Thete is not so numerous a collection existing any where else. The gallery which contains it is divided into 5y cases with shelves, on which the birds are arranged in a manner best adapted to their display. To the left, on entering the gallery from that of the ruminating animals, we see the vulture genus, including the different ages of the king of vultui^es *, the numerous species of diurnal birds which Linnaeus united under the generic name of Jaico, and which comprehends the eagle, the osprej or fishing eagle, the great Amei*ican harpy, the short- tailed falcon, the secretary of the Cape, the male and female astur, the sparrow-hawk, the musical falcon, the buzzard, the kite, the ternis, the pygai'gus, whidi desei*ves peculiar notice as the Egyptians emnalmed and worshipped it after its death ; the honey-buzzard, the common falcon, the jer-falcon, the hobby-falcon, and thefalco-coenilescenSj which is the smallest of all birds of prey ; next come a considerable number of species of the noctm'nal birds of pi'ey, comprising the grand-duke, the lesser-duke, the ulula, the common owl, the little- duke or scops y the Cape-owl, the gi-eat American owl, and the owl with naked feet; and the beautiful and numerous family of parrots, divided into cockatoos, lorys, aras, parrots, and pen-oquets. We then see the toucans^ whose bills are of an enonnous size, the wry- necks (j-unx), and the woodj^eckers ; the cuckoos, amoQg which should be noticed the blue cuckoo of Madagascar, the copper-coloured cuckoo of the Cape, and the golden and klaas cuckoos ; the indicators of ^ Cape ; barbels; the numerous family of the shrikes, of which there are some remarkably beautiful foreign species ; the brevos from India, adorned witli the most beautiful colours; the ant-thrushesy which live on enormous ant-hills in the forests and deserts of America ; the merlins, include
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hig the common blackbird, the white blackbird; the rose-^oloared thrush ; the mock-bird, the singing- thrusihes, the azure thrush of Java ; the white-breasted thrush fi*om Senegal, and the gninea^thmsh or magpie of Paradise ; the grskies, the orioles, and the lyra, whose tail is remarkable, being composed of three sorts of feathers; the pkiiedons ; the moiaciUcBy compre- hending the stone-finches, the warblers, the bull-finches, tlie wrens, and the wag-tails. The most celebrated are the nightingale, the robin-red-breast, the reed- warbler, and the golden-crowned wren. Next come the drongos, thecotingas or chatterers; the numerous family of the fly-catchers; several birds worthy of atten- tion from their rarity and beauty ; many species of the genus tyrannus^ the nphones, the tanagers of America, the manakins from the equinoctial forests of America ; the titmice, and the goat-suckers ; the latter have the fight soft ^umage of the nocturnal birds, and their mouth is so wide that they can swallow the largest insects ; the numerous genus of the swallows, the larks, the starlings, and the cassicus. The nests of the latter should not escape observation. Farther on are the numerOQS family of buntings, sparrows, linnets, gold- finches, widow-birds, grosbeaks, bull-finches, cross- bills, and beef-eaters; the rollers, the Indian grakle of Java, the birds of Paradise, the jays, different species of pies and crows ; the sky-blue pie of Paraguay, and the pie from the Brazils, present beautiful colours agi-eeably distributed ; the hoopoes, the creepers, and the hum- ming-birds; some of the latter arenotmorethananinch in length, and are remarkable for the beauty of their colours and the elegance of their forms ; their nests are placed by their side. We then meet with the king-fishers and horn-bills ; the totu- acos and musophaga, or plantain- eater, African birds; the numerous varieties of the do- mestic pigeon and the cognate species, several of which are highly deserving of attention ; the peacocks prepared so as to display the magnificence of their plumage ; the turkeys ; the hoccos from the warm countries of America, analagous to turkeys ; the quans or jacoos; the napaul, or horned-pheasant from Bengal ; different races of
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domeslic fowls, and several wild species fi*om India, and the Molaccas ; the pheasant-^nus, among which are the golden-pheasant from China, a superh bird called the Argus-pheasant, the impeyan-pheasant, the crested- pheasant, and the roulol ; the goinea-ibwls ; the nume- rous family of the grouse ; the ostriches ; the cassowaries, that of Asia has a prominence on the head ; the other comes from New Holland. Next come the bustards, the plovers, the lapwings, the oyster-catchers, and the ibii^ the most celebrated species, being that worshij^ped i»y the Egyptians . Two mummies of the ibis brought from Egypt have been placed here *, the one has still its ban- dages on ; from the other they have been removed to exhibit the feathers, which are well preser*^!. We then see the god-wits ; the woodcocks ; the snipes ; the ruFs; the reeves; tlie turn-stones; Ibe sand-pipers; the boat-bills ; the heron ; the bittern ; the crane oenus, including the sun-bird ; the agawi or trumpeter of south America; the royal or crowned crane; the storks; the open-beaks ; tlie tantali ; the jabirus ; the spooa- bills; theraib; thejacanas; the screamers; the water- fowls ; sea-partridges ; flamingoes ; the coots ; the sultans, remai'kable for the beauty of their plumage ; a rare bird known by the name of the scabbard-beak; colymbi; guillemots; the alca criscaleUa\ penguins; the tempest-birds ; the stormy-petrels ; gulls ; sea-mews ; sea-swailows ; cut- waters ; a large bird called the Gape- sheep, on account of its size, colour, and gr^[arious habits; the pelicans; the cormorants; the frioate-birds, whose wings measui*e from lo to 12 feet; the ti^pic- bii^s, called ako straw-tails, on account of the two long beardless feathei's in their tail ; the numerous family^ swans, geese, ducks, and the mergus; tlie most remark- able of which are the black swan of New Holland, a black-necked swan fi*om the Brazils, thebemade-goose, the Egyptian-goose, the eyder-duck, the musk-duck, the Garolina-duck, and the fan-water fowl from China. Here terminates the collection of birds, which for ele- gance, richness, vai'iety of forms and brilliancy of colours equals all that tlie imagination can conceive as beau- tiful. The centre of the gallery is occupied by a set of
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cases in which the animals without vertebrae are ai*- ranged. We shall notice them after we have seen the collection of reptiles and fishes which Ave on the first- floor. On the walls of the staircase, which leads to the two rooms below, are expanded the skins of large ser- pents of the boa genus, the colours and scales of which are well preserved.
CoiXECTioM OF RiPTiLxs.— Reptiles do not an^est our attention in an equal degree witli birds, either by their elegance of form or variety of colours ; and the brilliant speckles, which embellished many of them whilst they vrere living, have completely faded since their death. But the singularity and variety of their forms, and their different properties, some fatal to life, and otliers capable of being rendered subservient to the wants of man, give to the animals comprised in this collection a high de- gree of interest. This collection of reptiles is unques- tionably the richest in the world. It consists of i ,800 individuals, belonging to more than 5oo species. Rep- tiles are divided into four orders, namely chelonians or tortoises; sour ions, which comprehend the croco- diles, lizards, etc. ; ophidians or serpents ; and batra- dans J to which the toads, the frogs, the salamanders, etc. are referred. Of the first three orders thera ait; some too large to be placed in the cases, and they have tlierefore been suspended from the ceiling or the wall. Among these should be noticed the leather-tortoise or lute 01 the Mediterranean ; the green-toiloise ; the careita which furnishes the tortoise-shell employed in the arts ; the great emyd from Cayenne ; the soft tor- toise of the Nile ; the testudo radiata; the testudo fimbria; the crocodile of the Nile ; the crocodile with a slender muzzle ; the gavial or lon^-muzzled crocodile ; the bicarinated crocodile from India ; the pike-muzzled caiman ; the caiman with bony eyelids ; the ouaran of the Nile ; the dragon of Cayenne ; the safe-guaixl of America ; the iguana of South America ; the boas ; the pithons; the rattle-snake; the yellow or spear-headed viper, and the lachesis of Cayenne. Round the voom. are land-tortoises, fresh-water tortoises, boz-tortoises> the soft-tortoise of the Nile, the soft-tortoise of America,
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the crocodiles, the lizards, the lacerta steUio^ the cor* dyla, the agamesj the basilisks, or long-tailed lizards, iike dragons, the inguanasy the anoiiSy the geckos, the cameleons, the scinks, the slow-worms, the boas, the pithons, the ringed-snake, the French-snake, thesmootb- snake, the dun-snake, theEsculapian-snake, the ibiboca of India, the coach-whip, the iridescent-snake, the Vong- snouted snake, the hydruSy or water-snake, the rattk^ snake, the spectacle-snake, the common Tiper, tfce hmtied-viper, the cmciliay the green and brown frog, the bull-irog, the Cayenne frog, the tree froe, the com- mon toad, the rush toad, the alliaceous toad, the toad of Surinam, the salamander, the triton, the crested-fri- ton, the axolotl of Mexico, the anguine siren, and the eel-shaped siren. Most of the reptiles are preserved in spirits of wine.
CoLLscTioN OF FisHss.— 'This collection comprehends about 5,000 individuals belonging to more than 2,5oo species : of each species it generally possesses one pre- served in spirits of wine. The dried fish have been varnished, which has preserved their coloars. In the gallei7 of the ground-floor, among the quadrupeds, is the basking shark {squalus maximus). In the cases we meet with the lamprey, the shark, the dog-fish, the white shark, the hammer-headed shark, the saw-fish, the long- ray, the torpedo-ray, the torpedo with five spots, tlie marbled torpedo, the torpedo of Galvani, the thorn-back, the rou^h ray, the pearled ray, the chimofrm or king of the herrings, the chima:ra of the Antarctic seas, the stui^eon, the foliated polyodon, the sea por- cupine, the moon-fish, the file-nsh, the tiiink-fish, the pipe-fish, the sea-horse, the pegasuSy the salmon, the trout, the smelt, the grayling-salmon, the pirttya of Soutli America, the herring, the sprat, the anchovy, the king-fish of the Carribbee Islands, the sabre-fish, the gigantic vastrea, the bony scaled pike, the polypteri, the common pike, the flying-fish, the mormyri, the gar- pike, the carp, the barbel, the bream, the tench, the gold-fish of China, the gonorkjmeuSy the loche, the anableps, the family of the cyprini, the fiimily of the siluroidetBy the cod, the whiting, the b^g^A^' burbot.
MDS^E' D*HlSTOia£ NATURELLE. 5^3
ihe grenadier, the flounder, the turbot, the dab, the sole, the family of the discoiobi, the eel, the ^rmnotus, the electrical gjmnotus, the gioma, the cepedian-gym^ netms, the garter-fish, the bienny, the goby, the sea- ^olf, or sea-cat, the periopthabni^ the siUagones^ the eattioT^mi^ the rainbow-fish and other species of the ittbrus, the parrot-fish, the family of the sparoidetB, the family of the perch, some of which are very curious; the mackarel, the tunny, the sea-crow, the stickle-back, the pilot, the sword-fish, the dolphin, the sea-unicorn, the chaetodon, the toxote, the pofynemi^ the Jistuiaria, and the centrisci.
CoLLSCnOIf OF AITICULATSD ANIMALS WITHOUT VBRTEBRJB.
-^This collection consists of about !25,ooo species, and is divided into five classes, namely :*-the Crustacea ^ the arachnideSy the insects, the annelides, and the worms. On entenng the gallery of the birds by the small stair- case, we must turn to the right to reach the saloon of the carnivorous quadrupeds. The crustaceous animals are placed verticaDy in the upper part of the cases which stand in the middle of the room . Those which were too large to enter the frames are placed in glazed boxes on the cornices of the cases which contain the carnivorous animals. Among them are a series of lobsters, craw-fish, and crabs. In the cases in the middle of the room are crabs of various species, scorpions, spidei's, centipedes, beetles, cockchafers, earwigs, cock-roaches, camel- crickets, locusts, dragon-flies, common flies, bees, butter- flies, caterpillars, moths, lantern-flies, bugs, plant-lice, water-scorpions, gall insects, cochineal iusects, gnats, gad-flies, fleas, leaches, piscatoria, the family of the maldaneas^ and intestinal worms, among which are some taken from the human body, the horse, the sheep, and the human liver.
COLLECTIOTI OF INARTtCULATED ANIMALS WITHOUT VKRTEBBJ:.
— This class comprehends the shells, the echini, and the polypi. The animals belonging to certain shells are preserved in spirits of wine; those of a large size, as also the naked mollnsca, are placed at the bottom of the third division of the chest of drawers, immediately after the collection of insects. The moUusca form two
5^4 MUSEUMS t
divisions: univalves, or those whose shell is formed of only one piece ; and bivalves, or those whose shell consists of two pieces. The first division consists of aquatic and terrestnal ; but all those of the second are aquatic. Among those most entitled to notice are the nautilus, the ammonite, the belemnite, the cone, the olive, the cypriea, the ovula, the music-sh^, the Chinese parasol, the razor shell, the rising son, thr tridachna, the ducal mantle, the sole, the bishosk mantle, the saddle oyster, and the duck's bill. BesidB the shells enumerated, the conchologist will find a almost infinite number of others remarkable for their form or colours. JVext to the shells are the ium- cierSy marine animals without heads, and not sjrm- metrical. Then come the radiariay including the Gar- fish, and the Medusa's heads. The echini or urduns have a calcareous shell covered with long ^ines, and pierced with a great number of little holes. Of te collection, as well as that of the pohpi, the nnmber of specimens is extremely great. Ot the tobipores, madrepores, millepores, corallines, and sponges, tiie variety is very complete.
Cabinet of Comparativb Anatomy.— -For this collec- tion, incompara]>ly the richest in existence, the Mnaeom is indebted to the unwearied exertions of Baron Cuvier, by whom it was aiTanged, and under whose direction most of the objects were prepared. The number of rooms is 1 5. The ist, on the ground-floor, contains skeletons of the horse, the ass, the zebra, the quagga, the American wild-boar, several species of the tapims, among which is one from the East Indies, the conunon hog, and several rhinoceroses, including two from Suma- tra, one from the Cape, and another from India. In the next room are skeletons of the male and female elephant ftx>m Indist Id^ African female elephant ; the hippopo- tamus from the Cape, and one from Senegal ; the rhino> ceros from Bengal, tiiree from Java, other skeletons of the rhinoceros ; that of a camelopai*d more than 1 4 feet high ; and those of the bear, dog, wolf, lion, tyger, hy- aena, panther, seal, and dolphin; among the Utter are dolphm of the Ganges, the delphinus giobiceps, the
MUS^E d'histoire biaturelle. 5^5
naanaii or sea-cow, the ikan-dugung, and a sea-cow brought from the Polar regions by Captain Parry, In the middle of the room are three whales from the Cape. On each side of the window, at the upper end of the room, we see the head of a whale and that of a cachalot, each 1 4 feet in length. An entire skeleton of the latter, more than 60 feet long, is seen in the adjoining court. To the left of this large galleiT, and parallel with it, are three others filled with skeletons of ruminating quadrupeds. In the ist, are those of the bufialo, the ox, sheep, goat, and antelope ; in the ad, those of the stag tribe, including the elk, etc. ; and in the 5d, those of the dromedary, lama, camel, and vicunna. By re- tracing our steps and crossing the gallery containing the whales, we enter a room occupied by human skeletons of different ages and nations : among them, we remark that of an Italian with one additional lumbar vertebrae ; tliat of au ancient Egyptian prepared from a mummy ; the skeleton of a Boschisman female, known as the Hot- tentot Venus*; that of Beb^, the celebrated dwarf of Stanislaus king of Poland, that of the young Egyptian who assassinated Gen. Kleber ; and also a model in wax of the skeleton of a woman named Supiot, whose bones had become so soft that they were all distorted. A series of foetal skeletons shows the growth from the first month of conception to the birth. On the shelves we see on one side human skulls, from one day old to a hundred years ; and on the other, skulls remarkable for their conformation, most of them brought from the Catacombs. On tables in the middle of the room are several heads of the elephant from Asia. From the • walls of the staircase leading to the first floor are sus- pended many heads of the horse, the stag, the dolphin, the hippopotamos, and several species of the ox tribe. The first room above stairs is devoted to a series of entire heads of vertebrated animals, a great number of those of the human species, Europeans, Tartars, Chi- nese, New Zealanders, Negroes, Hottentots, and of several American nations ; all the monkeys, among
* Tke ikuU of this ivoman was stolen in December/ 1&27.
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which 18 an old and a young ouran^-outang; a consider- able number of the carnivorous anunak, anong vrhich are several species of the seal; the Bea-unicom, the Ethiopian wild boar ; elephants, one of whidb has been saw^n, to show its internal structure ; several rbincice- roses ; three camelopai^ds , and a great number of bnfialoes. Near them is the skull, found in an Egyptian tomb, of the bos apis, which was an object of worship. The ^d room on the same floor contains, on the right, heads of birds, fishes, and reptiles, among which are three of the crocodile of the Ganges . The remainder of this room, aa well as two smaller ones at the bottom of the staircase, which serves as a second entrance to the cabinet, are occupied with separate bones for the purpose of study. In glass cases are placed all the bones of which the head is composed ; and the visitor will be astonished at the prodigious number of bones that form the head of a fish. In other cases are sternums of birds and skeLetons of monsters. In some of the adjoining rooms are senei of all the large bones and the vertebree of different ani* mals. In the 5d room are skeletons of the small qua- drupeds. Above tlie cases are affixed to the wall the horns of the ruminantia; and on both tables are me- thodically arranged a complete series of teeth from man to the horse. In the 4th room we see the skeletons of birds. Those which most deserve our attention are the African and American osti^ches ; the Indian casso- wary ; the emu of New Holland ; the skeleton of an ibis, taken out of a mummy; and the skeletons of hum- ming birds. The last two cases contain the tortoises, among which is a very large specimen of the sea, and also one of the Indian land tortoise. The series of teeth, beginning witli those of the horse, and termi- nating with those of fishes, is here continued in smadl boxes placed on the tables. Above the cases we see the skeletons of four large crocodiles ; and, near one, brace- lets which were found in the stomach of the animal, and which must have belonged to an Indian woman. The skeletons of the reptiles, such as lizards, serpents, toads, frogs, and salamanders, and a great number of species of fish , occupy the cases in the 5th room . On the top of the
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Mus^E d'histoiee HATURELLE. 5^7
cjkses are two skeletons of the boa constrictor^ one 1 9 and th« other 1 5 feet long, brought from Java ; those of a shark and of a sword-fish from the Mediterranean ; and a series of snouts of the saw-fish ; and jaws of several species of sharks, the ray, etc. On the tables in this room are the dried larynx, and hyoid bones of birds and quadru- peds. The 6th room is devoted to myology. In the centre is a cast of the human body deprived of the skin, with the muscles painted of the natural colour. The cases on one sid€ display small flayed figures in wax of human arms and legs. On the other are two small statues of horses, and the limbs of many quadrupeds; and in the remaining cases the dissected muscles of several animals preserved in spirits. The 7th room contains the organs of sensation. The larynx and tra- chea of birds are also seen on the tables of this room. The cases contain flagons in which are preserved in spirits a series of brains and eyes ; also the bones of the car of all animals, from man to reptiles and fish. We also see here well-prepared specimens of skins, furs, feathers, scales, nails, and boon ; others of the tongue, nostrils, and different pi^eparations of the nervous sys- tem ; and a few heads of New Zealanders, with their tattooed skin dried on them. Preparations of the vis- cera in general, but more particularly those belonging to tlie function of dicestion, are placed in the eighth room. In a larse glass case is a model in wax of a child, I a years old, with the breast and abdomen laid open, to show the relative situation of the viscera and of the intestines, and in another that of the anatomy of the hen, exhibiting the several periods of the formation of the egg, as well as the internal organs of the fowl. The 9th room is devoted to the organs of circulation, and those of the different secretions. It contains a series of hearts of mammalia, reptiles, and fishes ; some injected
Esarations ; a great number of dissected tongues and nxes ; the glands belonging to several parts of the y ; swimming bladders ; the organs of generation ; and some very delicate foetal preparations of viviparous and oviparous animals. On the table there are injected and dried viscera. The loth and last room contains a
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series of monstrouties and foetiues of different ages; preparations of different orders of moUnsca ; articulated animals and zoophytes; and preparations of 8heli->fidi in wax. In January, i8a8, the preparations amounted to 11,802, of which 6,4^0 were dry, and 5,392 pre- served in spirits.
* Botanical Galliky.— This collection is placed in three rooms of a huilding at the foot of the labyrinth, and near the gate leading to the rue de Seine. On the stair- case is a palm tree, round which a hind-weed is en- , twined. The ist, or wood-room, contains divers speci- mens of epidermis, bark, roots, stems, thorns, pith, cftc, and several very interesting collections of wood. The ad, or herb-room, contains a general herbal, oonststing of about 25,000 species of plants. This herbal was founded by Yaillant, and has been gradually augmented by the plants collected by Commerson, Dambey, Hactf, Poiteau, Leschenault, etc. Hera also are specUl her- bals of New Holland, Cayenne, the Antilles, ^e Cape, India, Egypt, etc. This room possesses also spedd herbals, which served as the model for printed works; such as that of Michaux ; that of the Plants of France, by M. de Candolle ; that of M. de Humboldt, etc. The ancient herbal of Toumefort, arranged and ticketed hj his hand, or that of Gundelsheimer, has been carefully preserved. The stranser will not forget to notice here two fine collections of the mushroom family, in wax; the one presented to the museum by the emperor of Austria, and the other by Charles X. The latter was executed by De Pinson, and is valued at 20,000 fr. A collection of models of foreign fruits, in wax or plaster, is also entitled to attention. The 5th, or fruit-room, contains 20 glass cases, 12 of which are filled with fruits, preserved dry, or in spirits of wine ; in the others are various productions used in medicine or the arts. The ancient collection of drugs of the Garden of Plants, with considerable additions, is kept in this room.
LiBtAiT. —The library occupies a separate building contiguous to the railing which separates the garden from the court. It is composed of works upon natural history. Most of the printed works are to be met with
MUSES d'histoire nattjrelle. 57:9
^ every public library, but the manuscripts, accom- panied with original designs and the magnificent paint- ings upon vellum, form an unrivalled ccnlection. The number of volumes is about i5,ooo.
The Cabinet of Natural History is open to the public every Tuesday and Friday, from three o'clock to six in khe summer, and from three until dark in the v^inter. Strangers may enter the Cabinet of Natural History on other days, and obtain admission to the Cabinet of Comparative Anatomy, the Botanical Gallery, etc., upon applying for tickets at the office of the administration, wUich is situated near the labyrinth, the only formality required being the production of their passports. The gates of the Menagerie are open every day, firom eleven 6*cIock till six in the summer, and from eleven till three in the Winter. The library is open to the public every pay during the period when lectures are delivered ; anci lOiree times a week during the rest of the year. The garden is open daily.
CABINET DE LA MONNAIE DES MEDAILLES, See page 242.
GALEKIE DU DUG D'ORLEANS, See page 179.
«ALEBIE DU DUG DE BORDEAUX. See page 203.
GALERIE SOMMARIVA. Sec page 274.
CABINETS DE MINERALOGIK, See pages 448 and 513,
CABINET D'ANATOMIE,
See pages 433 and 524.
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53o museums:
MUSEE DES MOMTMENS FRANQAIS, Rue des Petits-Augustins. This museum no longer exists. The buildings He occupied by the Nicole des Beaux-Aiis. {See page 449]
MUStE D'ARTILLERIE, Place St.- Thomas-d^Aquin.
This museum, established in an ancient convent of tl e Jacobins, was originally formed of arms from the guid - meuble de la Gouronne, the chateau de Ghantilly, ud otlier extensive armories. It contained many tfaoittid muskets, sabres, swords, poniards, maces, etc., ofiii ages and countries. Among the most rare objects wcR suits of armour of several of the kings of France ; sone suits of female armour, among others that of the maid of Orleans; and a small prayei'-book which contained a pistol in the interior. During the late general war, tbe ti'easure of the museum was greatly augmented by the spoils of the enemy.
In 18 1 4, the museum was much diminished by tiie i^emoval of arms claimed by the allied powers. During the Hundred Days it was re-established ; but, in iBiOt according to Dulaure, the Prussians carried off 58o chests of arms.
The remains of this museum ai*e curious, and although far inferior to the armory in the Tower of London, it will well i*epay the stranger for a visit. The collectioD occupies five galleries ; one of which contains suits of ancient armour ; and the four others, arms, models of arms, machines, and instruments used in the artiUerr service, etc. The ist gallery is ornamented witli hand- some columns in stucco, which divide it into three parts. The first division presents suits of annour worn bj knights between the beginning of tlie reign of Heni-y IV and the end of that of Louis XIV ; in the 2d, are those of the age of Francis I, between 1 5oo and 1 SSg ; and in the 5d, those of knights who died before the yeai i5oo. In the other galleries, which are numbered 1 , 2, 5, and 4, are racks opposite the windows, in which
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Mus^E d'artillerie. 53 1
are an*aiiged small arms, ancient and modem. The most curious and costly articles are in three glass cases, in the galleries Nos. i , 3, and 4- Along the sides, next the windows, are rows of tables presenting models of cannon, gun carriages, military equipages, machines, instruments, etc. Upon the floor under the racks are models of large dimensions. On the piers between the windows are placed an assortment of various instru- ments.
At the entrance of the galleries the visitor may ob- serve, among other objects, a helmet worn by the con- notable, Anne de Montmorency, and the cuirass of the great Cond^. In the ist division of the principal gal- leryi-^ihe fine suit of armour made at Brescia, and presented by the republic of Venice to Louis XIV, in 1 688 ; the sword, helmet, and other remains of the armour of Henry IV ; and suits of Ernest Augustus, elector of Hanover, who died in 1698 ; of Turenne ; the father and mother of Turenne ; the connetable Lesdi- gnieres ; the count de Soissons ; Fi^ederick V, king of Bohemia ; the brave Crillon ; marshal de Biron ; the duke de Mayenne, chief of the ligue ; and many others. In the 2d division, Francis I appears in full armour on hoi^eback ; on the pedestal are bas-reliefs representing the battle of Marignan . The suits here are of Louis XII ; Charles IX; the duke de Guise; Louis, prince deCondO, uncle of Henry IV ; tlie connetable Anne de Montmo- rency ; the connetable de Bourbon ; the chevalier Ba- yard ; and a richly ornamented helmet, believed to have been presented to St. Louis by the sultan of Egypt, about the middle of the iSth century. In the 5d division is the armour of Godefroy de Bouillon, king of Jerusalem ; Charles VH ; Louis XI ; Charles VIII ; Joan of Arc, the maid of Orleans ; Jean-sans-peur ; Charles-le-TtoOraire, duke of Burgundy; and many others. Some of the suits date as early as 778. At the extremity of the gallery are two trophies of arms composed of pieces of rich and costly execution ; and on brackets near them two ancient helmets, one of which is atti*ibuted to AtUla, who died in \Sb ; the other, on which are some verses of the Koran in Arabic
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53a MLSEL'MS :
characters, is believed to have belonged to Ahderame, killed by Charles Martel, in 750.
In the ^lass case of the gallery No. 1, among manj curious objects may be noticed :— swords of Charles VUI, Louis XI, Francis I, and the conn^table DujEoesdin; a powder-flask of Charles IX ; a pair of pistob of Henry UI; a musket of Louis XIII ; and a buckler of the eari of Richmond, afterwards Henry VH of England. The class case of the pUery No. 3, presents a gun of Louis Xy ', a fine collection of Turkish, Persian, and Tfaibetian arms ; a gi*eat number of pistols, muskets, etc. ; and spe- cimens of French, English, Portuguese, and other aras. In the glass case of the gallery No. 4) u^ a multitude d rara and curious objects; and the stranger will not b^ to notice the poniard with which Ravaifiac assassinated Heni7 IV.
Strangers ai'e allowed to visit this highly interesting museum, on Thursdays and Saturdays, urom one to three o'clock, upon obtaining tickets, which should be applied for by letter, addressed to Monsieur le Direcieur. Catalogues may be bought at tlie museum.
CONSERVATOIRE ROYAL DES ARTS ET METIERS, IVo. 208, rue Su-Martin.
M. Gregoire, bishop of Blois, a member of the Na- tional Convention, was the first who suggested the idea of forming a national repository of machines, mo- dels, drawings, etc., for the improvement of machinery, and implements connected with manufactures, agricul- ture, and other branches of industry. The formation of this establishment was ordained by a Conventional decree of the 1.9th Vendemiaire, an DI (October loth, 1794)) ^^^ ^ committee, of which M. Gregoire was pre- sident, was appointed to carry it into execution ; but it assumed little importance till 1798.
There previously existed in Paris three repositories of machines. At the Louvre were those which M. Pajot d'Ozembray presented to the Academy of Sciences, and which had been considerably augmented by that learned body. At the Hdtel de Morlagne, rue de Cha-
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CONSERVATOIKE UOYAL DES ARTS ET METIERS. 533
ronne, were 5oo machines, bequeathed to the govern- ment in 178!!, by the celebrated Yaucanson. Another repository was in the me de FUniversit^, and contained a numerous collection of agricultural implements of all countries. These three repositories were formed into one by a decree of the Council of Five Hundi*ed, dated the 17th Fioreai, an VI (May 4, 1798), and established in the buildings of the ancient abbey of St.-Martin-des- Champs. Various changes were afterwards effected in this establishment. In 1810, a gi*atuitous school was formed to afford instruction in drawing the figui'e, or- nament, and structure of machines — in arithmetic, al- gebra, geometi'y, descriptive geography, the application of these various branches of die mathematics to timber and stone-cutting, and the calculation of machines. By a law of the 17th Vendemiaire, an VII (October 8, 1798), all persons to whom patents were granted wei^ bound to deposit at the Consei*vatoii*e des Aits-et-M^ei^ their original patents, together with the descr^>tion, plans, designs, and models relating thei*eto; and the Conservatoire was authorised to have them printed, en- graved, and published.
In 1 81 7, Uie repository was completely reorganized, and a Council of Amelioration, consisting of five mem- bers, was estabUshed. By a royal ordonnance, dated November !25, 1819, three courses of public and gratui- tous lectures wei*e founded, two 01 which relate to mechanics and chemistry applied to the arts, and the third to manufacturing pi*ocesses. By another ordon* nance of August 5 1st, 18:28, the Council of Ameliora* tion, which had been abolished, was i*e-established.
The Conservatoire is divided into two parts; the one public and the other /rrrVate. Oi\hepubiie division, the following are the principal rooms:-—
I . — A vestibule, formerly the church of the abbey, contains the most bulky machines, such as Bramah's
'. fire-engines, hydraulic machines, (ire-escapes, Montgol fier*8 balloon, the plaster cast which served as a model
I for the statue of Louis XIV, in the Place des Victoires, an enormous carriage for transporting columns and sta- tues, a^icultural implements, an English mangle, etc.
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t2. — A small room containing models of architecture, viz.: — the Palais de Justice, the Place da Palais de Justice, the Ecole de Droit, a gothic building, and a diurch.
5. — A vaulted room, chiefly containing models. To the right is a collection of agricultural implements, suck as ploughs, harrows, and thrashing-machines ; to die left are various bee-hives, a cori'ect model of the fuaous machine of Marly, and other hydi*aulic machines; in tlie centre are models of windmills, wine, soi^^ oil, and cider presses, steam-engines, a Swiss pessmt's house, etc.
The first and second rooms communicate with tvo large galleries, containing looms, carding-madiines, aoA spinning-jennies, among which are Vaucanson's £un(ws machines for spinning silk. These rooms coDdud to the grand vestibule, in which is a clock of a rare but not very elegant structure, which sets in motion an orguu and has an armillary sphere on tlie top. In this vcsb- bnle ai*e busts of Archimedes and Yaucanson, and ^ group of Dedalus and Icarus, by Rutxhiel. It alTordi a phenomenon in acoustics. A person close to the wsdl on one side, may distinctly hear the whisper of another placed on the opposite side. A magnificent 8taiix:ase, on which is a curious time-piece by Bregnet, leads to the large galleries, which are 172 feet in length. In the first gallery, on entering, are numerous ar- chitectural models, machines used in foundries, mo- dels of vessels, steam-boats, levers, sawing-oiachines, brick and tile-kilns, potteries, lead-woi*ks, etc., on a reduced scale of exact proportions ; beyond, in a pa- rallel line, is another gallery, containing stills, culinanr utensils, chimneys, machines (qy prepariu^r silk, wool, hemp, and cotton, various specimens of printing types, a turning-machine made by Merklein for Louis XYl ; several objects, in glass cases, turned by the celebrated Bareau ; a small table with a picture in a veilical posi- tion, which, on i^^^arding a mirror, formerly placed on the circle at the opposite side, produced a connect likeness of Louis XV ; two large engravings of the Tra- jan and Antonine columns at Home 5 a repaired looking-
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glass, which had been broken in four pieces; a velvet imitation of Raphael's Magdalen, perfectly transparent, "woven by Gregoire, which deserves the attention of the curious; and different looms. Among various curious locks, is the model of a door with mechanism which detains the robber, and alarms the inhabitants by snap- ping a pistol. On the side of this gallery are samples of silk, wool, cotton, hemp, lace, embroidery, velvets, ribands, paper-hangings, hardwai*e, etc.
The private collection is contained in seven spacious apartments, and comprises some indifferent specimens of English manufactures, notwithstanding which, no French article is exhibited near them. The room in ^lich they are deposited is never shown except the visitor asks for the SaUe des dchantUlons Anglais y and even then he is not allowed to enter unless he represents himself to be a manufacturer. Among the philosophical and astronomical instruments is a large machine made in England, and obtained by general A ndreossy , in 1 802 . As a proof of its pei*fection, when- ever the French Board of Longitude desire an instru- ment made with great precision, it is first brought to this establishment to have divisions drawn on it by this machine. Matrices and different instruments used in type-foundries, stei^eotype-plates, moulds for making the paper of the once famous assignats, dyes for coining, etc., are also to be found here.
Upon the whole, the disposition of this establishment is more remarkable than the objects it contains, ^'early all the machines are old inventions, and a stranger would search in vain for any newly invented machine for which a patent has been granted, as they are all either models or drawings, and placed in a room to which admission cannot he obtained.
No patent is granted for a longer period than 1 5 years, but if at the expiration of that time the patentee desires a renewal of his patent, a proportionate sum is demanded for the privilege. When a person wishes to become acquainted with the inventions whose patents have ex- pired, he applies to the Director of the Repository, who admits him to see the model or a design of the machine in
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536 consbrvatoibe hotal des arts kt m^tibas.
the library o^ the establishment. This library, coosistiiig principally of the archives, and works relating to the arts and sciences connected with the establishment, is only public for such purposes, and strangers can with diffi- culty gain admission.
Pupils are admitted to the school by the autfaori^ of the Minister of the Interior, at the request of the pre- fects of the departments, or tJie mayors of Paris. Con- nected with this establishment are likewise two royai schools of arts and trades established at Chalons and Angers. Their special object is the education of youth who will join a practical knowledge of the mechamcal arts with enlightened theoreticsu instruction. The pupils, to the number of 45o, are nominated by the king, and supported either whoUy or in part at the expense of the state. Boaixiers, however, are admitted.
All things considered, this museum is interesting, instructive, and valuable. It is a collection peculiar to the metropolis of France, and cannot fail of producine the most beneficial effects. Undoubtedly it has difiused an extensive knowledge of mechanics, and a skilful adaptation of the simpkst instruments to the most com- plicated purposes; but the peculiar character of the nation has confined this to trifling objects, while t^iose higher branches of the arts, which are connected with the support and comfort of human life, have been com- paratively neglected.
The public rooms are open on Thursdays and Sundays from ten o'clock till four. Strangers may obtain admit- tance every day from twelve till fom*, upon producing their passports. Admittance to the private rooms may be obtained, by addressing a letter of application to Monsieur le Direcieur du Conservaioire des Arts ei Metiers.
A catalogue of the contents of botli divisions may be bought of the poiter.
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THEATRES, PUBLIC GARDENS, AMUSEMENTS, ETC. 537
CHAPTER XVIII.
THEATRES, PUBLIC GARDENS, AMUSEMENTS,
ETC.
The drama in France and England is coeval,^and took its rise in both counti*ies from the mysteries or sacred dramas, which were represented by pilgrims retui*ned from Judea. In Parb a company was formed, which took the name of Confreres de la Passion^ who, for a lon^ period, perfotmed witli success. With sacred subjects were associated indecent gestures and licentious allusions of the most revolting description. The inte- rest inspired by the novelty ofthe representations given by the Confreres de la Passion having subsided, they united with a new troop called Enfans sans souciy who acted farces enlivened with songs. About the year 1570, several Italian companies came t& Paris, but their repre- sentations exciting the jealousy of the Confreres de la PassioUy whose privileges were always highly respected hj the ParUmentf their continuance was not of long duration. Shortly afterwards the French stage began to assume a degree of importance it had never before attained. Mairet's Italian tragedy of Sophonisba was translated into French, and, under Henry lY, Alexander Hardy, a fertile dramatic writer, made his appearance. Cardinal Richelieu caused two theatres to be erected in Lis palace, in which were performed ti<agedies, tragi- comedies, or heroic-comedies, composed by Uie car- dinal with the assistance of Comeille, Rotrou, Colletet, and others. The Fi*euch stage is deeply indebted to Rotrou, and more particularly to Corneille, for the redemption of tragedy from a state of barbarism, and its advancement to a high pitch of perfection. It was, however, long before this period that the immortal Shaks])eare rose, and produced those dramas which gave to the English stage a character from which it has never departed.
About the year i65o, some young men, at the head
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538 THEATHES.
of whom was Moli^re, undertook to form a company of itinerant actors, and erected a theati^, which they caUed Th^dire Illusire. In 1 658, they performed before Louis XIV, who, being satisfied with the representation, ga?e them a gallery in the H6tel du Petit-Bourbon for a the- atre. In 1660, they i-emoved to theXhe^ti^e du Palais- Royal, built by cardinal Richelieu, and assumed the * title of troupe rojrale. Moli^re fii^t introduced real ^ characteristic comedy, and although in the compositioo of some pieces he pays a tribute to the bad' taste of the age in which he lived, in ies Femmes Sa»anies, le Tar- tuffe, UAvare, and le Misanthrope ^he far surpasses every dramatic writer that preceded or has succeeded hin. Till the reign of Louis XIV no women appeared on the stage, but female characters were performed by men is woman's attire. Under the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI, the number of theatres in Paris was conside^ ably augmented, and the productions of Voltaire shed redoubled lustre on the ^French stage. The privileges of the French comedians and the Opera being abolished ' at the Revolution, a great number of petty theatres vrett established in Paris. Napoleon formed the project of reducing them, and in 1807 issued a decree by which aJl the theatres in Paris (amounting to thirty) were sup- pressed, except eight. Since the Uestoration several new ones have l)een opened. There are now in Paris and the banlieue, five large theatres, sixteen of the second and third order, eleven cqfifs with evening entertain- ments, and sixty exhibitions of curiosities. It is cako- lated that the inhabitants of Paris expend upwards of 6,000,000 fi\ a year at theatres and exhibitions; and that out of a population of nearly 900,000 souls, 10,000 at least, upon an average, pass the evening at the theatres. The French were, until a vei'y recent period, ex- tremely precise in exacting from their dramatists a dose adherence to the classic unities of the ancient Greek di^ama. But within the last few years a strong party has sprung up, who, under the denomination of the RonutnticistSy have been partially successful in removing the fetters so long imposed upon the dramatic literature of the nation. The Classicists, however, still form a
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THEATRES. Sdq
powerfdl bod j, who cling with fond tenacity to restrio- tions nnder which the splendid lahonrs of Comeille, Racine, and Voltaire, raised the French theatre to so proud an eminence. The pale but graceful imitations of Shakspeare, by Ducis, met with gi^at success, and remotely led the way, in all probability, to the changes that have since taken place. At the present day France k richer both in the talent and the number of her dra- matic writers, than all the rest of Europe together; many of the works of Delavigpe, Jouy, Arnault, Ancelot, Lebran,Hugo, Dumas, Scribe, and others, would reflect honour on any age or country. To this list we must add the name of Picard, recently deceased, some of whose comedies entitle him to the first place among modem dramatists.
The French theatres are perfectly free from the
Mitrusion, or, at least, from the disgusting conduct of
• women of the town, which disgraces those of Lon-
Quu. Nothing can excel the regularity which prevails
at the theatres of Paris . Sentinels guard all the avenues,
and preserve order in the interior. The visitors who
await the opening of the dooi^ are ocularly arranged in
files of two or three abreast ; and although the crowd
probably consists of several hundreds, no pressure or
inconvenience is felt, and every person is gently and
qnietly admitted in his turn.* Persons who proceed to
theatres in hired cabriolets, or fiacres, are iTquired to
pay the fare beforehand, in order that the driver may
depart immediately, and thus avoid occasicming any
stoppage at the door. On leaving the theatre, not the
smallest confusion or uproar takes place. No person
is permitted to call his carriage until he is actually
waiting for it at the door ; and, should not the owner
step into it in an instant, it is ordered off by the police,
and makes way for another. By this arrangement the
company is dispersed in a very short space of time. The
mode of lighting the theatres in France by a lustre, or
* For some tine previous to the opening of the doors, a train is f^eneraUy fomed by a multitude of indigent persons, who resign their places for a small fee.
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54o THEATRES.
circle of lamps suspended in the centre, though, perhapf, more advantageous for staee effect, is certaiiiljr less livdj and brilliant than the ola plan of placing chandelien between the boxes, and is far from showing off the company to so much advantage. The simple mode of announcing the evening's entertainment, totally diveslied of all adventitious aid, and resting alone (m the merit of the phiy, forms a pleasing and striking contrast to the puffing exertions resorted to by the managers of the London houses. In Paris, Ukewise, the temples o( the drama are seldom violated by the presence of hon», elephants, buffoons, or pantomimes. Formerlj, after the curtain had fallen, a favourite actor was summoned on the stage to receive the applauses of his admirers; but he is now strictly prohibited to answer the siuamons.
In but few of the theatres of Paris females are allowed to enter the pit.
The interests of dramatic authors in France are better secured than in England. They participate, during life, in the profits of tiieir works, in every theatre in the kingdom, and the benefit descends to their heirs for lo years after their decease. The remuneration at a royal theatre is, for a piece of three or five acts, one-twelfth of two-thirds of the gross receipts, and for a piece of one act, one twenty-fourth.
The receipts of all the theatres of Paris are not more than those of Covent-Garden and Drury-Lane alone; and yet the latter are open only eight months, whereas the theatres of Paris are open all the year.
A custom prevails in France of making all the theatres and places ot amusement pay a tenth of their receipts to the poor. The superintendence of the five principal theatres of Paris {theatres royaux) forms a branch of the attributions of the intendant of the king's household. They are subject to the immediate controul of the di- rector-general of the Fine Arts. A grant of i ,4oo,ooo fr. is made annually by the government in aid of the royal theatres. At the InleruUmce, No. 1 1 , rue du fiiubourg Poissonni^re, the scenes for the French and Italian Opera-houses are painted, and preparations are made for all the ceremonies of the court. It is also the seat
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PRICES OF
The followioff table will _. first and second order in Paris, To prevent diffici
commence.
icolty, we r^^ * '
itretofthe
parierref
pit — On taking a box before -hand^ abot
FRENCH OPERA HOUSE.
Balcon et gtaUet dei premieres lofes 10
Premieres loges d^conTertes, orchestre , premidrea \oge» , deuxiimesde ftce et avant- ■cine 7
Res-de-chaon^e, deoxiimes de c6U , troisiimet de fsce et d'avant-tcine 6
Troisi^mcfl de c6(6 et qna- tri^mes de fiice 4
BBrterrv. « 3
Amphitb^Use des quatri^mes, qaatri^mesde c6te et c
mes logea .
t cinqnii-
8 10
PUNCIPAL FSBFOUams I
Mm. A. Nonrrit, Dibrndl* . LevsMev, Auner.
Albvt. Pmol, FenUmad, Mongolc. CvbIod.— ITMin.
Cintt.DuBorBaa, DabadJe, Demeri, Javnrack. Noblet,
T«i^(nl, Maataua. LegaUolB, Wmi Dapola, Bncvd.
Doors open at 6 o'elock; begin at 7, sometimes at 8.
ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE.
Fremiires loges et rex-de-ehaoa*
s6e , deoxiemes de face. . . 10 Deoxidroes de c6t^, lores de
rez-de-clMuss6e et orctaestre. 7 IC
TroiiiJimes de face 6
Troisieroes de cdt^ 5
Qaatri^mes 4
Parterre 3 IS
Ampluth6&tre des qnatri^mes . 2
PRINCIPAL PERPOKMERS : Jr«N. BordofBi. Dnaarlll. Oairia. OmUal, Saadai, ZBoh«IU.-.IK«M«. Piunnl. Iblibraa. Hdaefolter, Aai%o.
Doors open at 7 o'clock ; begin at 8. come OPERA HOUSE. Baignoires , premieres loges da premier rang, premieres logos du denxi^e rang.aTant-sceiie des premidres loges du deuxi6- me rang et de la premiere ga- lerie, balcon et orchestre. . . 6 13
Premiere gaierie ■ lorn
Secondes loges et avant-sc^nes desdeuxiemes 4 8
Denxlime gaierie et trolsiimes loges a 19
Parterre 3 10
Troisiime gaierie et amphithM- tre des troisiimes ' 1 13
PamOIPAL PSRPORMXRS :
Ba1<
Jc "f • • • • « de ^omEsa.
ba aara, Awaate. !!»»(,
Prci ^'•■i.JataAtM***'-
gjrt BI6U-COMIQGE. II ■ des pre-
biers bal- du rca-
3
IV *•• - - -
Doors open at 6 o'clock ; begin at 7. THEATRE - FRANCAtS. Stalles 9
Prei
SecQ |(
Dei.
balf
tTt>lsi&ines
Pret
j^^natii^ tpoaifxas :
nt »
av Kvalct, S«naa.-.irOT
Part
Tro J LA GArrfe do re^de- ees deface 4
Cue.
> c6t«. .
'^lai BRPORXCRS.
Log* -W"— ■• aofcait, »•». Pren
bai ilock; begin at half
ni er. Deu' Den: YMPIQUB.
cii
^'h-8c*ncdei ^
Do past Dphith6&tre
10
T]
Bale >rapoRiattS :
gn( il. Bastka. Afwaad _ et .Vamler.
P^^'clockjbeginatft. coi
KOTAL THEATAEa— THtATIlB FAAlf^AlS. 54 1
of the icole Bajrale de MusiquB ei de DMamation hy-^ rique.* Applications ara made XoMonsieurle Directeur- G^mSral du dSpartement des Beaux- Jrts.
ROYAL THEATRES.
[The princtptl acton of the different theatres, the char^ for ; adaufMon, etc., frequently changing, it has been considered dcairahk to a^oid the plan of gimg such particnlars after each theatre, and present the whole in a tahle in which alterations may be made whenever they occur.]
THEATRE FIIANQAIS,$
No. 6, ¥ue de Richelieu. This theatre is so called because it is consecrated to regular tragedy and comedy, and principally to the masterpieces of the chief dramatic writers of France. It b contiguous to the Palais-Royal, and was begun by the duke of Orleans, in 1787, after the designs of Louis. The Th^tre Fran^ais is 106 feet in lengUi by io5 in br^th, and its total height, to the summit of the ter- race, is 100 feet. It is surrounded by a covered gallery partly skirted with shops, from which three entrances lead into the vestibule. The principal front, towards Che me de Richelieu, presents a peristyle of 1 1 interco- lumniations, formed by pillars ot the Doric orde*-; an- other front, partly facing the rue de Montpensier, and partly attadied to the Palais-Royal, displays a range of arcades, resting on square pillars, and continued round the building, thus forming the covered gallery. On both fronts is a range of Corinthian pilasters, with an enta- blature pierced by small windows ; this mass is loaded -with an attic, two other storeys, and an immense roof terminated by a terrace. The vestibule is of an ellip- tical form, and the ceiling, which rests upon two rows of flated Doric columns pkced concentrically, is adorned ^vrith sculpture. In the centre is a fine marble statue of
* See paee 452.
C The TMdtreFrancaisnnd the 0</eof» are -the only theatres in Paris where regular tragedy and corned y are performed.
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542 ROYAL THBATRB8:
Voltaire, by Hondon ; the grand-homme is waled in an arm-chair, and the pedestal upon which he is placed | serves as a stove to warm the vestibule. A comniUBka^ , tion is formed between the vestibule and the lobbies bj four staircases. In 1822, the interior of the Thtikre Francais underwent a complete alteration and embd- 1 lishment, under the dii*ection of M. Fontaine. The form of the house is elliptical, and the ceiling repreaeDli the interior of an elliptical dome, pierced with tetff which serve for latticed boxes ; it is painted in iimb- tion of bas-reliefs, arabesques, etc. The arch o( tk proscenium is i^markably light and el^;ant ; the c» tain, repi*esenting crimson velvet, adorned with a gfli border, fringe, and tassels, is painted in the hi^ style. The king's box is hung with crimson veNk ornamented with^eur^ de liSy fringed with gold, aoi surmounted by the royal arms. The first and secoai tiers of boxes are supported by light pillara of cast-iron; but at the tliird tier a range of Doric columns, which support the ceiling, destroy the harmony of the ordoo- uauce. The stage-boxes are oi*namented with Doric columns, supportmg a cornice which is richly carved ajid gilt. It contains three tiera of boxes and two gaJieries. The front of the first gallery is painted in imitation oi bas-reliefs, resting upon a deep border, sculptured and gilt ; that of tlie second gallery presents, in coropait- ments, allegorical subjects, in which Cupid cuts a con- spicuous figure. The front of the upper-boxes is in arabesques upon a green ground. The ground of tbe ceiling and the lining of the boxes ai'e rose colour, form- ing a most disagreeable association with the crimson velvet which covers the rails, and adorns the other ^>arts of the house . The pit here is agreeable, as there are backs to all tlie benches. The lusti*e is handsome, aad the theatre is lighted with gas. llie saloon, which is merely a passage, is adorned with busts of Charles X, and several of the gi*eat dramatic authors ; when lighted up, the lustres, looking-glasses, and the crimson velvet ^witli which the furniture is covered, produce a striking eflect Formerly tlie actora appeai*ed on the stage in the dress of French courtiers, with tlie huge wigs worn in tin
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TBiATRE ROYAJ. DE l'oDJ&ON. 543
lime of Louis XIV. Le Kaia and raademoiselle Glai- roa were the first who introduced characteristic costume upon the French stage ; but they carried the innovation no farther than the exclusion of the feathei*ed hats of the actoi^ and the hoops of the actresses, the adoption of the tiger's skin in Scythian or Sarmatian characters, the Tm^ish costume for Asiatics, and the French habit of the 1 6th century for Chetfoliers. It remained for the lamented Talma to give to the costume of the Parisian stage that classical exactness which marks a new era in the French drama, — ^that exactness which transports the spectator into the midst of the people in whose countiy the poet has laid his scene . The repertoire of this theatre gives it a decided superiority over the Od^n. The actors form a society with joint interests. The rent of the Th^&tre Francais is 60,000 fr. a year. The duke of Orl^ns has also the three front boxes of the first tier. The Bumber of places is i,5!i2.
L'ODEON, oa SECOND THEATRE FRANQAIS.
Louis XYI having ^iven the palace of the Luxembourg to his brother Monsieur, aftei*wards Louis XVUI, he resolved to construct a public theatre, to communicate with his palace, by a subterranean passage. Messrs. DewaiUy and Peyre senior were appointed architects, and Monsieur laid the first stone in 1779. In March, 1 799, the Od^on fell a prey to a destructive fire, which left nothing standing save the outer walls and the saloon. It was rebuilt in 1807, under the direction of Ghalgrin, and opened on the i5th of June, 1808, by two comic troops, the one French and the other Italian, who per- formed alternately. "" On the aoth of Marab, 18 18, a
* Tlie foUowing curious anecdote is related upon the recon- struction of this theatre : Napoleon learned that the Senate had a fand of 2,000,000 fr., and that this sum, beine unemployed, was about to be distributed amone the senators. One day, when the senate came to court to offer him their congratulations, the emperor enquired of the president, what funds they possessed ? — «« I don't know, sire."*-" But about how much r— " I will enquire of the questors, sire, and inform your majesty ."— " Well, ipentlemen, I faiow better than you ; you have 2,000,000 fr. in
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544 ROTA.L TflBATRES:
second fire completely destroyed the interior oC tlie Odfon, which was restored in 1 820, under the dirertion of M. Baraguey, who, in the general disposition of the various parts, adhered closely to the orieinal desiga. The exterior presents a detached pile of huilding 168 feet in lensth, i la in breath, and 104 in hei^t. The principal front is ornamented with a portico of ei(^ Doric columns, ascended by nine steps. The enta& ture b continued at the same height round the wkk building, which presents on the ground-floor 46 cnos' arcades, and at the first storey, an equal nni^ of windows. The second and third storeys reoR light by openings in the friese and the attic. 1^ building has no other decoration than ornamental j<»ili. The piazzas round the edifice are open to the poMic.
The vestibule, which is small, is adorned with km Doric columns. From the vestibule two staircttS ornamented with stone statues of Gomeille and RadiKi Doric columns supporting a richly sculptured ceiling and a balustrade in composition stone, lead to difleRsC parts of the house. The interior of the theatre is of u oval form ; its major axis is 56 feet, and its minor ij. ft contains four tiers of boxes and three galleries, /tir ornamented with eight pilasters of the Composite ordcf , which are seen at the back of the galleries, and four ^U columns of the same order at the proscenium. The ceiling represents a dome richly painted in arabescpics, and supported by a cornice turned in arches, and onn- mented with sculpture and gilding upon a white grouoi The curtain is white, enricned with arabesques, and a deep red border enlivened with garlands of flowers. The king's box, situated opposite the stage, is hung with crimson velvet, enriched yrith Jteurs de lis. The sta^ boxes are ornamented in imitation of red drapery, with fringe, and the fronts of the other boxes with imitation white drapery. The front of the first gallery presents lyres and garlands gilt, upon a white ground ; and those
hand ; and I am convinced that yon would give great pleaanre to the empress by rcbnilding the Odeon and calLng it after her name. Go to the empress and ask her.''^The lenatt obeyed, and the theatre was rebuilt out off their Auids .
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FAENCH OPEHA-BOV8E. 545
of the second and third galleries, figures and fancy or- naments in red, npon a yellow ground. The lustre, whdchhas loo burners, is truly macnificent. The saloon presents a handsome appearance ; it is ornamented with ao cohimns of the Done order, and is lighted by five rich lustres. Upon the diimney-piece, which is sup- ported by bH>nze o<4umns, wrought to represent syrens, is a bust of Gharies X. Above the saloon is a gallery adorned with cariatides in wood, which seem to support the ceiling, sculptured in roses ; this gallery affords a view of the saloon, and has two issues on a spacious bal- cony next the place de I'Odton. Upon its last restora- ti<m every possible precaution was adopted to prevent the flames extending from one part of the buildinc to another in case of fire. No theatre in Paris affords a greater number of convenient outlets ; besides the fiye streets which open into the semicircular area before the principal front, there are two lateral streets and one be- hind, which iisicititate the arrival and departure of car- riages. Six of these streets bear the names of masters of Uie French stage. The Od^on was the first Parisian theatre lighted by gas. The number of places is i ,9oo.
FRENCH OPERA-HOUSE,
MMie Lepellelier,
The Opera-house in Paris bears the singular name of
AcadimU Royah de Musique. The opera, which ori-
ginated in Italy, was called Opera per la Musica^ a
dramatic composition set to music ; but foreigners calling
it merely opera, that name has since prevailed. Jean
Antoine Baif, natm*al son of the Frendi ambassador at
the court of Venice, was the first subject of France who
attempted to set French poetry to mnsic. He, in concert
with Thiebaut de GourviUe, formed an academy of
music, of which Charles IX declared himself patron
and first auditor. The death of Baif, in iSo^, gave to
the academy a fatal blow* In iSSg, the anb^ Perrin
caused to be represented, at Issy , the pastoral ofPomone,
set to music by Gambert, organist ot the church of St.-
Honor^. In conjunction with the marquis de Sourdeac,
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S46 BOYAL theatebb:
a distinguished machinist, they obtained lettera pateii in 1669, authorising them for la years to sing draartic pieces in public. Thb privilege was trannerred, in 167a, to Lulli, master of the band, and composer of music to Louis XIV . Hitherto the only theatres had been in Tennis-courts. Lulli transferred his exhibitioa from the rue Mazarine to the Tennis-couii; du Bel- Air, rue de Yaugirard, and associated to himself two men of superior talent, Quinault for the lyric poetry, and Vigs- rini for the machinery. This new theatre was opened on the 1 5th of November, 167a, and from that period may be dated the regular esUblishment of tlie Frenah jtcaddmie RoytUe de Musique^ or Opera; for this name, which, as we have before onserved, strictly taken, means a dramatic composition set to music, is now extended to the perfonners, and even to the edifice in whidi the representations are given. Upon the death of MoUte, in 1673, Louis XIV gave his theatre to Lulli. This the- atre was situated in the Palais-Royal, and was built by cardinal Richelieu. It was burnt down in 1763, and the Opera was then removed to the Tuileries. In 1770 it returned to the Palais-Royal, a new theatre having been erected, which was destroyed by fire in 1 78 1 . The Tli^Atre de la Porte St. -Martin was built in 75 days, for the ]*eception of the Opera, and the first representation was given there on tlie a 7th of October m the same year. In 1794* the government obtained of mademoi- selle Montamsier the meatre facing the Biblioth^qne Roy- ale, in the rue de Richelieu, to which the Opera was transferred, and here it remained until February i3di, i8ao, on the night of which his royal highness the duke of Berry was assassinated at the door of the house. The theatre was then closed,^ and the performances were removed to the ThditreFavart, place des Italiens, where the company continued to perform till their new house was completed. The present, which is considered aa only a temporally Opera-house, is situated in one of the finest quarters of Parts, and communicates with three
The theatre in the rue de RicheHeti has been demolished » and an expiatory chapel erected on its site. {See'page 84.)
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VREKCH Ol»B&A*UOVSE. 547
streets s thai of Lepdletier, for carriages ; of Pkien, for fiacrea; and of Grange Bateli^re, for pei^sons on foot; oeverth^eaa, the latter are admitted at both the other entraiKaes. Two elegant passages, skirted with shops, •also fom a communication between the boulevard des Itahensand the Opera-house. It was erected in the «paoe of a year by M. Debret, architect, assisted by MM. Goerdiy and Grignon, and was opened in the summer of fSai. The principal front resembles the cathedral of Yioenza, one of the chefs'd^cmvre of Palladio, and pre- sents an imposing appearance. The entrance is formed of a double vestibule, the first and lai*gest portion of which opens upon the street by seven arcades, with doable glazed doors. At each end a wing projects, and between these win^, from the top of the arcades, pro- ceeds a light awnmg supported by cast-iron pillara, beneath which carriages set down. At the fii'st floor is a range of nine arcades, which form the windows of the saloon ; between the windows are pillars of tbe Doric order, surmounted by statues of the Muses, bat there being only room for eight, the ninth has been omitted. The elevation of the front is 64 feet. The first or exterior vestibule, called vestibule de Caitenie^ induding the wines, extends the whole length of tlie bailding, and is aS feet wide. This leads to the second vestibule, called uestibuie eTSchangey where tickets are procured ; it is ornamented with eight Doric columns, and on each side is a staircase, ro feet in width, leading to the first row of boxes, and the saloon. From the ldbl>y two other staircases lead to the pit, the baignoires, and the orchestra. Between the latter and the lobbies of the stage-boxes are two staircases, which lead to the top of the building. At the conclusion of the repre- sentation, the communications between the several staircases aro closed by iron gates, in order to prevent confusion; and so numerous are the outlets, that the house may be entii*ely cleared in the space of ten minutes. The interior contains four rows of boxes, supported by Corinthian columns, which, with the cornices and other ornaments, are painted deep blue, and enriched with gilding. The house is 66 feet from
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548 ROYAL THEATRKS:
side to side, and the sU^e 4i feet in width by 81 in depth. The dome is divided into 16 equal coniptft- ments, in eight of which are the Muses ; * the others are occupied with arabesques. The first tier of boxes is ornamented with bas-reliefe upon a white ground. "Ae three upper tiers represent carpets thrown over ba&- conies, fastened with gold upon a blue ground. The interior of the boxes is blue. The prosoeniuBi is orna- mented on each side with three columns, and sunnounted by the royal arms, having two figures of Fame for sup- porters . The king's box is hung with elegant blue vdiet, enriched with gold fringe, the royal arms, and,/Ceiirs de lis. The curtain is painted in imitation of blue vel- vet, with a deep gold border. Beneath the stage is an open space 3a teet deep, for the play of machinery ; the wall between the house and the stage rises above the roof. In case of fire it can be entirely closed by a dieet of iron tissue, and ventilators can be opened to cany the flames in any direction. There are also reservoirs of water under the roof. The various parts of the house are aired by flues, and the improvement of lighting it by gas instead of oil, produces a very brilliant and pleaaiM effect. The saloon, which is brilliantly fitted up with miiTors and 10 lustres, is 186 feet in length, extending the whole length of the building. It is decorated wiS columns of the Corinthian order, painted in imitation of marble, with silt bases, flutings and capitals ; and coBt- tains statues of Thalia and Melpomene, a bust of Charles X, a handsome dock, and a barometer. The drapesry of the windows is of crimson silk, and the fumitore is covered with velvet of the same colour. The Opera in this country, being under the direction of the govern- ment, is conducted on the most liberal and splendid scale, less regard being paid to its expense than to its perfection ; and in means of suTO)ort, it enjoys a decided advantage, since all the other theatres and puMic plaoes of amusement contribute to maintain this splendour by a tax on their gross receipts. The scenes are extremely well painted, and the machinery is admirable. Per-
* In one pannel are two Muses.
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ITALIAK OPERA-HOUSE. 549
formances on Mondays, WednesdaTS, and Fridays, and sometimes on Sundays. The number of places is i ,957.
ITAUAN OPERA-HOUSE, Place des Itrntiem. At several successive periods Italian troops performed in Paris, who were either dispersed by civil broils, or united with French companies, and abandoned the Ita- lian opera for the French. In 1803, Napoleon, having be<M>me king of Italy, established a company of Italian performers at Paris; but, being disappointed in their expectation of support, they abandoned the enterprise. Upon the return of Louis XYIQ, madame Gatakni obtained permission to establish an Italian troop in the Th^Atre Favart ; but, finding it an unprofitable specula- tion, she relinquished it. Shortly afterwaras, the management of the Italian Opera was annexed to that of the Academic Royale de Mnsique, and the company removed to the Th^tre Louvois ; from whence they returned in November, i835, to the Thditre Favart, which had been altered and embellished for their reception. This theatre was erected in 1783, after the designs of Heurtier, for an Italian Opera-house; but, in consequence of its inconvenient oistribution, was seldom occupied, except temporarily, by companies wbo had been driven from their own theatres by fire or other causes, till i8ii5, when its interior arrange- ment was completely changed, imder the direction of Messrs. Hiltorff and Lecointe ; and it is now one of the most commodious and elegant houses in the capital. A portico, supported by six columns of the Ionic order, ornaments the facade. This portico has been enclosed by fi^me-work o( a bronze colour, with windows be- tween the columns, for the purpose of forming a covered gallery below, and augmenting the si2e of the saloon above. The vestibule is ornamented with four detached and twelve three-quarter columns, and four beautiful anticpie masks. On the right and left ai% staircases leading to the boxes, and in the angles are two flights of stairs communicating with the pit. The stairs and
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55o nOYAL TIIEATHES:
lobbies are wide and commodious. The interior of the house is of a circular form, and contains four rows of boxes. The ceiling is supported by consoles, and is divided into 12 compartments, separated by Thjrs», in bronze gilt. In the compartments are figures of Apollo, Mercury, Pan, Orpheus, Linus, Philamon, Amphion, Therambus, Arion, Terpander, Enonus, and Demodo- cus. The proscenium is ornamented with Corinthian columns, and three pictures, representing Apollo in the midst of the shepherds of Thessaly; Meixniry, lulling to sleep by the sound of his flute, Argus, the keeper (u the beautyful lo ; and Pan pursuing the nymph Syrinx, and discovering, by her metamorphosis into reeds, the origin of the seven-piped flute of which he was the inventor. The fronts of the boxes are decorated with ti*ipods, griffins, garlands, lyres, and birds; and the first row pi^esents, in compartments, the Nine Muses employed in instructing mortals. The colour of the house is green; the architectural ornaments yellow, and the other decorations, white, red, and gold. The stage- boxes are hung with crimson velvet, enriched with gold embroidery and fringe. The curtain is green, ornamented with a rich embroidered border, and forms three divisions. In the central division is a winced fijpire, representing the Genius of France. The other divisions contain two smaller Genii bearing the attri- butes of £utei*pe, Thalia, and Melpomene, and receiving garlands from the hands of the Genius of France. In the border are five medallions. Th^ in the centre pre- sents the anus of Paris; the others represent the loor chief capitals of Italy :-— namely, Rome, by the wolf; Naples, by the sea-horse ; Florence, by a common lion ; ana Venice, by a winged lion. The saloon is spLeudid: it is ornamented wiUi six sin^^e and eight coupled columns ; the former crowned with antique vases, and the latter with tripods in gold. By means of arcades, the saloon may be viewed from tlie lobbies of all parts of the house. The walls are emiched with pictures, representing the Genii of music and the twelve signs of the zodiac; and the ceiling with caissons, lozenges, and a superb rose. The lustres are rich, and the chimney- Digitized by Google
COMIC OPERA-HOUSE. 55 1
piece adorned with a bust of Charles X. In the magni- ficent looking-glass over the chimney-piece a clock has been contrived , the dial being painted on the glass . The performances take place on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and baturdays . The late director of this theatre, Mr. Laurent (now director of the Nouveautds), having an exclusive privilege for giving dramatic perjformances in a foreign tongue, English and German companies have occasion* ally performed here. The number of plaoes is i,a8a.
COMIC OPERA-HOUSE, Hue Dalejrrae and rue Marsollier, French Comic Operas were performed at Paris as early as i66a, but it was not till 17 1 5 that the troop as- sumed any impoitance. Their success excited the jea- lousy of the French comedians, who obtained their suppression in 1 7 1 8 . They afterwards re-appeared and performed at the Hdtel de Bourgogne, till 1783, when they removed to the Th^dtre Favart. In 1801 they quitted this theatre, and united with the company of the me Feydeau, where they remained till the erection of the present house, which was opened on the 20th of April, 1829. The Comic Opera-house, erected upon the site of the hotel formerly occupied by tlie Minister of the Finances, alter the designs of Messrs. Huv6 and de Guerchy, forms a parallelogram i54 feet in length by no in breadUi. The principal front, next the rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs, is divided into two storeys, crowned by an attic ; the lower storey presents a range Kit uJr:r'>pen arcades, the piedroits of which are orna- mented with three-quarter columns of the Doric order ; and the upper, the windows of the saloon, with semi- circular tops to correspond with the arcades beneath, sepai*ated by columns of the Ionic order. Above the entablature and in front of the attic are placed statues of eight of the Muses. Blank arcades, continued along the two sides, and the back front of the building, are sur- moanted by two rows of windows, a second row having been opened in the attic. A portico, formed by the arcades of the principal front, leads to a vestibule 60 feet
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55a AOYIL THEATAES.
in length by 35 in breadth, from whence two fti^ts of stairs lead to the saloon, and«two to the difierent parts of the house. The vestibule {wvsents a handsomely sculptured ceiling, supported by eight Doric columns, and the statue of Grtoy, in a niche, has here an appro- priate place ; at the back of the vestibule extends a pas- sage which is entered at the side of the building, in which carria^ set dovm under cover ; and as the com- pany that arrive en voiture enter at the back of the ves- tibule, the entrance by the portico is appropriated exclusively to those who come on foot. The interior is of a semicircular form, and ornamented with columns of the Composite order, the fluting, capitals, etc. of which are richly gilt; the general architecture of the house is white, ornamented with gilding. It ooatuns three tiers of boxes, and three galleries. The first tkr of boxes presents imitation crimson draperies, embroi- dered with ^old ; the second, ornamental carpets, lie first gallery is painted in imitation of bas-rdiefs; tbe second, in the style of cameos. The interior of the boxes is green, and the king's box is superbly decorated with crimson velvet, set offwith fieurs de lis, die rojal arms, and rich ^old embroidery; this as well as the opposite box is lined with crimson silk. The piosoe- nium is 44 feet in breadth, and its ornaments cornespond with those of the rest of the house. The curtain, green and gold, is agreeable to the eye, but the folds appear stiff, and the ornaments are deficient in beauty (tf exe- cution. The ceiling presents a pe/a, in the compart- ments of which are ii large figures, among whom Apollo is conspicuous, executed in good taste*, :if^fr !^7 style of tiie Herculaneum dancers. The lustre, whicli bears lOo ^s-bumers, is remarkably fine, and the li^t it diffuses is superior to that of any theatre in Pans. The benches of the orchestra, the pit, and the first gi^ lery, are furnished with backs. The saloon is tmi magnificent. The floor is of inlaid-work ; two handsome chimney-pieoes of white marble are surmounted bj superb looking-glasses; and the fidlt ornaments on i v^hite ground, when the room is lighted up by seven rich lustres of gilt bronze bearing 56 gas-burners, hart
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MIIVOH THEATRES— THEATRE D£ MlDlMB. 553
a dazzling effect. Biuits of Charles X, on one of the chinmey-pieoes, and of Gr^try, M^hul, Daleyrac, and Nicoloy on pedestals, ornament the room, llie lobbies contignoos to the saloon are ornamented with statues and hosts. The staircases of this theatre are in general naiTOWy an evil which is diminished by their being nnmerons. In the constmclion of this building every possible precaution was taken against fire, little wood having been employed ezoept for the ornamental parts. The Comic Opera-house, when viewed from the rue Neove-des-Petits^hamps, or the rueNeuve-St.-Augu8tin, appears to be wedged in the midst of the surrounding biuldings; the streets, however, by which it is skirted, are 36 feet in breadth. A serious inconvenience is necessarily felt on full nights when a ^pcesX number of carriages are in attendance, from the circumstance that the a^oining streets can only be reached by the rue Monsigny, and the rue M^hid, which in fact form but one street, intersected in the middle by the theatre. On the whole, the advantages and disadvantages being cxnnpared, the Comic Opera-house must be aUowed to he the most commodious theatre the French capital can boast of. The number of places is 1,720.
MINGR THEATRES.
TH£ATRE DE MADAME, Boulevard Bonne IVowelle* This neat small theatre, formerly called Gymnase DranuAique^ was erected in 1820, aiter the designs of Rougevin and Guerchy . The front presents two ranges of six three-quarter columns, Ionic and Corinthian, -with pilasters at the angles. The doors are surmounted by pediments, and above them are niches with the sta- tues of two Muses ; in an upper pediment is a lyre. The vestibide is small. The plan of the house is semi- circular. It contains three tiers of boxes, and two gal- leries. The prevailing colours of the ornaments are white and light blue, on which gilding is introduced
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554 MINOR theatres:
with the happiest effect. The front of the first gallery is adorned with pictures repi*esentinf^ scenes taken from dramatic pieces ; that of the second is painted in imita- tion of bas-reliefs. The ceiling presents arabesques and allegorical pictures, in which Cupid is the most conspicuous figure. The curtain represents blue velvet with a deep fringe, and the royal arms, in sold. Above it is a picture, in which the Goddess of tiie Fine Arts appears crownine the Muses. The box atibe duchess of Berry, who is the patroness of this theatre, is lined with blue velvet, and hung with crimson velvet drapery. The lustre is truly superb. The saloon is spacious, and ornamented with bas-reliefs, ^ding, and looking-glasses ; above one of the glasses is a portrait of Madame^ duchess of Ben^y, accompanied by two figures of Fame. Vaudevilles, comedies, and petty comic-operas, are performed here. The number of places is i,o4o.
THEATRE DU VAUDEVILLE, Rue de Chartret. The species of melo-drama, styled Vaudeville ^ is said to have derived its name from the following circum- stance:— Olivier Basselin, a fuUer, in Noi*mandy, at the beginning of the i5th century, used to compose humo- I'ous songs, which he sung as he sti'etched out his cloth in the vaux or valleys on the banks of the river Fire. These songs became popular, and from being first called VauX'de-'Virey afterwards assumed the name of VaudeviUe. This smaU theatre, orginally a ball-room called lePanthdon^ was opened in 1791 , for petty come- dies, interspei^sed with songs set to popular tunes. Any ridiculous novelty is laid hold of, and more serious dra- matic performances are sometimes parodied. The prin- cipal front, if it can be called a front, is decorated with six Doric columns supporting an entablature. The theatre is at the first storey, and beneath it is an open vestibule, in which carriages set down. The house is a circle '5i feet in diameter. It contains four tiers of boxes, the fronts of which are white, with blue orna-
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THEATRE DBS nOUVEAUXtS. 555
ments and ^ding. At the fourth tier of boxes is a range of small Goliuims which support the ceiling . The ceiling and curtain are white, with blue ornaments, in the Gothic style, and gilding. The saloon, which is ex- tremelj small, has no ornament but a bust of Charles X . The number of places is i ,357 .
THEATRE DES N0UVEAUTE8, Place de la Bourse, This theatre was opened on the ad of Maixh, 1827. It presents a narrow front, ornamented with columns of the Ionic and Corinthian orders, pilasters, masks, urns, and niches in which statues are placed. The interior is of a circular form ; it contains two tiers of boxes and two galleries, each gallery ornamented with a cornice of oak-leaves, gilt ; the first is embellished with orna- ments in relief, of white and gold upon a gi^y ground. The others display gaudy orange-coloured and red dra- peries. The proscenium is adorned with columns, the capitals of which are richly gilt, and in the centre are the royal arms ; the stage-boxes are hung witli crimson draperies, finished with gold fringe. The ceiling repre- sents the sky at night, seen through a kind of gilt treUis- work interlaced with flowering shrubs; from distance to distance are seen Goddesses and the Muses. The curtain is in imitation of blue velvet, with a deep gold border and griffons. The lustre is rich ; and the whole house is lighted by gas, and warmed by steam. A cur- tain formed of wire-tissue, separates the stage from the house in case of fire. Above the vestibule is a saloon, adorned with Corinthian columns, a handsome lustre, a statue bearing a clock, a bust of Charles X, two looking- ^asses of large dimensions, allegorical figures of the Four Seasons, etc. The ssdoon opens upon a balcony next the place de la Bourse, and over this is a spacious caf^. The pieces performed here are similar to those at the Th^dtre du Yauderille. The number of places is i,a5o.
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556 MlNOa THEATEES:
THEATRE DES VARIETBS, BoxUevard Monimartre. This theatre was opened on the 4th oC June, 1 807 , and was bnilt by a company of associated actors. Its front, though very small, is in the purest style. M. CeUerier, under whose direction it was built, decorated it with two ranges of columns, Doric and Ionic, surmounted by a pediment. The ground-floor presents avestibule, froD which two flights of stairs lead to the first tier of bois and the saloon which is over the vestibule. The hoqie, which is nearly circular, contains three tiers of boxes, and three galleries. Crimson and gold prevail in the decoration . The stage-boxes are ornamented with small octagonsd columns. The front of the first gallery is decorated with bas-reliefs; and that of the second boxes, with crimson drapery and goldfringe. The fraats of the second and third galleries are white, m^ gilding. The ceiling presents red ornaments, on aa orange ground, and is bordered with medallions reseda- bling cameos. The curtain, divided into two parts, advances from the sides and joins in the middle. It is green, and has a border in the Greek style. The saloon opens by three large windows upon the outer pordco *, it is ornamented with ao columns, surmounted by busts and vases, and on the chimney-piece is a bust of Charles X. Being hung with crimson velvet paper, and pos- sessing several looking-glaSses, it produces a fi;ood effect when lighted up by three lustres, suspended from the ceiling. The distiibution and scenery of this theatre are extremely good, and the outlets numerous. The pieces performed here are farces and vaudevilles. The number of places is i ,a4o.
THEATRE DE LA PORTE ST-BIARTIN,
Bouleuard St.-Martin.
The Opera-house having been destroyed by fire in
1781, this edifice was planned, built, and decorated
by Lenoir, in n5 days. It is constructed almost entirely
'^f wood and plaster, and from its size and circular form
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TUiATRE DB LA PORTS ST. -MARTIN. 557
is very commodious. Here the Opera company per- fonaed till they removed to the Th^itre des Arts, in the me de Richelieu, in 1795. The front is 96 feet in lensth hj 54 in height, exclosive of the attic, which is I a feet high. The basement is decorated with eight cariatides, placed as pilasters on the side of the three doors. Eight coupled Ionic columns rest upon the basement, and support a cornice surmounted by a bas- relief, hr Booquet, representing the Triumph of the Arts. Over three windows corresponding with the doors, are bas-reliefs. The whole of this decoration is enclosed in a sli^t rectangular recess, and the projecting mass of the bmlding is surmounted by an entablature with fluted consoles. This theatre has no portico, but in its stead a miserable awning, which hides the caria- tides, and beneath which carriages cannot set down. It has no vestibule, and the saloon is very small, and not remarkable for ornament ; at the entrance are four bas-reliefs in plaster, in which Venus and Cupid are conspicuous figures. The house contains three tiers of boxes, and three galleries, the fronts of which are deco- rated with arabesques on a white ground enriched with 0>ld, except the first gallery, which presents a crimson drapery, set off with gold. The interior of the boxes is sky-blue. The curtain is painted in imitation of rich sky-blue velvet, has a border that presents arabesques in white and gold, and is finished by a deep gold fringe ; in front of the proscenium are the royal arms, supported by two figures of Fame. The ceiling is divided into compartments by garlands of roses, v?nich meet in the centre ; in the compartments are figures of the gods and heroes of fabulous history, above which are their respec- tive attributes, encircled by garlands of flowers. The pieces performed here are melo-dramas, ballets, vaude- villes, and pantomimes. In the autumn of 1822, an English company hired this theatre, and were favourably received by a considerable number of respectable per- sons; but a cabal being formed against them, their performances were interrupted, and they were com- pelled to retire to a small private theatre in the rue Chantereine. The number of places is 1,800.
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558 MlIfO& TBEATEBS:
THEATRE DE L'AMBIGU COMIQUE, Bouletford de Bondjr* The Theatre de rAmbigu-Comiqneupon the boulevard du Temple having been destroyed by fire, the present house was erected byStorffand LeCointre, and opened on the 2d of June, i8a8. The front is ornamented at each storey with six columns, which support a cornice and its entablature. The upper storey has, instead of windows, niches with allegorical statues. The peristyle, likewise adorned with columns, is surmounted by a terrace. The ground-floor next the boulevard is^ikiited with shops. The interior of the theatre is neatly orna- mented, and contains three galleries and three tiers of boxes. The front of the first gallery is decorated with small pictures representing mythological subjects ; those of the other galleries present fancy paintings and garlands of flowers, upon a ground of favm-colour and bright yellow ; the interior of the boxes is green. The stage- l>oxes ai*e hunc with crimson velvet. The ceiling is adorned with dramatic subjects, on a white ground. The curtain is painted in imitation of crimson velvet, with a yellow border, and ornaments in the Indian s^le. The saloon is decorated with four columns, and a bnst of Charles X, and has a frieze on which are painted subjects auaWous to the kind of pieces given here. Carriages set down at doors in the i*ue de Bondy. The scenery is the best in Paris . Melo-dramas, interminded with ballets and vaudevilles, are performed here. The number of places is i ,800.
THEATRE DE LA GAIETE, Bouleuard du Temple. This theatre, which was erected in 1808, under the direction of M. Peyre, has no external decoration. It contains two tiers of boxes and three galleries. The architecture is painted in imitation o( yellow marble, and tlie ornaments are of various colours. The deco- ration has an agreeable effect. The performances here
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CIRQUE-OLYMPIQUE. 559
are of the same class as at the Th^tre de TAinbigu Gomique. The number of places is i,3oo.
GIRQUE-OLYMPIQUE, Boulevard du Temple. In this theatre Messrs. Franconi exhibit equestrian exercises and grand pantomimes, and even melo-dramas, in which horses cut a fi^re. It was opened on the 5ist of March, 1827, having been built m less than a year, the former circus having been destroyed by fire in the night of March i5th, i8a6. The building is in the form of a parallelogram, and is detached by two wide passages, closed by iron gates. The roof is of cast-iron, and the stage, as well as all the entrances leading to it, can be completely separated from the house by means of a curtain and doors of iron. The front is plain, the only ornaments being two men in armour, and, at the 'sununit, two restive horses with their grooms. The interior pi^esents the form of an antique circus, sur- mounted by a tent, supported by gilt lances, the lower extremities of which terminate in clusters of armour. It contains four galleries, and three tiers of boxes ; the front of the first gallery is embellished with an imitation of bas-reliefs, representing the Olympic games. A circus or sandy area, in which the equestrian exercises take place, and which serves to augment the pomp of military spectacles, by receiving the troops that cannot be drawn up on the stage, occupies that part of the house which in other theati*es forms the pit. The cur- tain represents crimson velvet, fringed with gold ; the scenery is excellent, and the lustre has iio burners. The saloon is decorated with a superb looking-glass, four elegant candelabra, and a bust of Charles X. The feats of horsemanship performed here are unrivalled, and Franconi's stud is celebrated throughout Europe. The stranger should certainly not quit the French capital without spending an evening at the Cirque- Olympique, which is uniformly well attended. The niunbcr of places is 1,800.
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560 MINOH THBATB^.
THEATRE DE M . GOMTE, Hue Neuve Ventadowr and passage ChoUeul, This small theatre is one of the prettiest in Pauis. The front is neat, and the interior in good taste. An evening should be spent here to witness the performanoe of vaudevilles, etc. in vrhich children are the actors. To these are occasionally added tricks with cards, etc., and ventriloquism. The performance begins at 6. Admit- tance, I fr. to 5 fr. M. Comte undertakes to |pve representations at private houses in Paru, and in the country, for which he sends a stage, scenery, etc., where required. The charge varies Irom i So fr. to 5oo fr. for the evening's entertainment.
THEATRES DE LA BANLIEUE DE PARIS. These small theatres, six in number, are under te direction of M. Seveste, and being without the barriers, and consequently at a distance £om any of the places of amusement in Paris, are generally well attended. The exterior appearance of some of them is not only neat, but even elegant, and the interior decorations may vie with those of some of the Paris theatres of the second order. The pieces performed are vaudevilles, petty comedies, and even tragedies. These theatres may he considered as a school where actors are trained for houses of a higher class. The Tk^dtre du Moni-Pamassey situated beyond the barrier of the same name; the Theatre Montmartre^ at Montmartre, by the barrier des Martyrs ; and the Theatre de BeUevUle^ at the village of the same name, by the barrier de la Courtille, give re^ presentations daily. The Thdatre de Grenelle^ at Gre- ncUe, by the barrier de FEcole Militaire, Sundays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. The ThidJbredes Thermes, beyond the barrier du Roule, Sundays. The Theatre ^ /7aize/a^A, beyond Passy, near the iron gate leading into the Bois de Boulogne, Mondays in summer. The charge for admission varies from 6 to 3o sous.
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mifOR TflEATABS. 56 1
8PEGTAGI£ FORAIN DU LUXEMBOURG, Rue de Fleurusy ftetut tkc Garden of the Luxembourg. Comic pieces, pantomimes, and rope dancinc, com- pose the amusements of this 'small theatre. On Sundays and Mondays there are two performances. Admittance, from 6 to i5 sous.
SPECTilCLE ACROBATE DE MADAME SAQUI, JVo. 60, bouUt^ard du Temple. The name of this amusement is derived from the Greek, and signifies to walk on the point of one's toes. Madame Saqui, well knowp in London, dances on the tight rope here, which, with pantomimes and other performances, serve to gratify the visitors. In the sum- mer season, Uie troop occasionally makes a tour in the provinces, or in foreign countries. Admission, from 5 to 32 sous.
THEATRE DES FUNAMBULES,
iVb. 64, bouletfard du Temple*
From the Latin Junis, a rope, and ambuloj to walk.
Here pantomimes, resemhling Italian performances in
England, but very inferior, are to be seen, as well as
rope dancing. Admission, from 4 to 55 sous.
THEATRE DES SOIREES DRAMATIQUES,
Boulevard du Temple.
This small theatre, erected in i83o, upon the spot
where the Ambigu Comique, which was destroyed by
fire, formerly stood, may be ranked with the two pre
ceding, as the performances are much of the same kind.
OBIBRES GHINOISES DE SERAPHIN,
No. 121, PalaU-Rofal.
This is a sort of puppet-show with shadow-work, etc. ,
w^hich will not produce regret at having en^jaged a
visitor's icUe hour. There are two representations on
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562 ^ EXHIBITIOirS AND AMUSEMENTS.
Sundays, and one on other evenings at seven, to die great delight of maids and children, who attend in crow^ds. Admittance, loto 1 5 sous.
THEATRE DE JOLY, Passage de I'OpSra, This exhihition resembles the preceding, bat is of a style rather superior. It was established ini&tober, 1 8119,
SPECTACLE HECANIQUE DU PETIT LAZAKI,
IVo, 58, boulevard du Temple, A species of puppet show,' suited to amuse the lower ranks and children. The puppets undergo various transformations by means of mechanism.
EXHIBmONS AJVD AMUSEMEIVTS.
DIORAMA, Boulevard Su^Martin* This is one of the prettiest exhibitions in Paris. It consists of two paintings so disposed as to present the most complete illusion. The happiest representations are the interior of churches, particularly if without fi- gures, or if they ai*e placed in the back-ground. The two views are presented alternately for a quarter of an hour, and the room in which the company are seated turns upon a pivot, from one view to the other. The paintings are changed from time to time, and are sent to London after having been exhibited at Paris. Admittance, a fr. 6 sous and 3 fr.
NEORAMA,
Hue Su^Fiacre.
This exhibition differs from the preceding in that the
Diorama presents the view before the spectator, where-
as at the N^rama he is placed in the midst of the scene
which extends around him. The stranger will be hi^y
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EXHIBITIOirS AITD IMUSBMEHTS. 563
^rratified by a visit to this exhibition. Admittance, a fr. I o sous. The first picture exhibited was the interior of St.-Peter's of Rome, and the second that of Westmin- ster abbey.
GEORAHA, TVo. 30, nte dela Paix, comer of boulevard des Capucines. This exhibition consists of an immense transparent ^obe, from the interior of which the visitor surveys around him all the places of the known world. Being aidmirably adapted for the study of geography, lectures are delivered at fixed hours. Admittance, 3 fr.
GOSMORAMA,
Patsage F'wienne,
This exhibition presents in a dark room, eight or ten
views of the most remarkable edifices in the world.
The views are varied every month. Open from &we to
eleven. Admittance, 3o sous ; children half price.
PANORAMAS. In the Passage des Panoramas two are exhibiting, but the proprietor has resolved upon abandoning his speculation, and the rotundas in which they are placed will be pulled down. From time to time a Panorama poriatif is exhibited, but as it occupies only a tempo- rary building, we cannot direct the reader where it may be found.
PANORAMA NAUTIQUE, N'o* 40, rue des Marais. The name of this exhibition sufficiently indicates its nature. It is of immense dimensions, and probably the largest panoramic view in existence.
MUSEE COSMOPOLITE,
JYo, 18, rue de Provence. This interesting and instinictive exhibition consists
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of'a panoramic view of one of the chief cities of die worlds together with all the principal points of view in the voyage or journey to reach it, and two pictores re- presenting the most remarkable objects contained in the city itself. These views, whidi are firom the pencil o( artists of distinguished merit, are changed from time to time. The tourist will be highly grati&ed with a visit to this exhibition.
CABINET D'AKATOMIE DE M. DUPONT, N'o. 4, rue MorUesquieu* This, one of the most interesting exliibitions in ^ metropolis, contains imitations in wax of anatomical preparations displaying the effects of various diseases on the human frame. These are executed with such sdmir- able fidelity, that they may be inspected with pro&L even by professional men; while, to those whose nenesdo not enable them to encounter the realities of a dissecting room, they afford a most gratifying insight into the secrets of pathological science.
SALONS DE FIGURES (wax-wowl), JYos. 54 and 88, boulevard du Temple. Those who admire such exhibitions may be amply gratified here.
qOMBAT DES ANIMAUX, BarrUre du Combat. This exhibition, which is only held on Sundays, Mon- days, and festivals, is consecrated to the genius of vul« garity, whose disciples preside at the ceremonies, in the shape of butchers, carmen, etc. There is not the least re- semblance between this amusement and the bull-baitings of Spain . The exhibition consists of an enclosure, round which there is a gallery, and under it dens of beasts, together witli a kennel of dogs, who are always ready for battle. Wolves, bulls, and bears, the latter with their teeth filed down, encounter trained dogs; but the
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latter seldom kill their opponents, as amusement, not destroction, instigates the combats. The bnlls have their horns sawn off. There are also fire-works exhi- bited, in which is to be seen a bull-dog raised 5o feet by a rope, which he holds between his teeth, regardless of the flames which surround him. The spectacle commences at four o'clock. Admittance from i5 sous to 2 fr.
EXHIBITION OF PAINTINGS, iVb. If rue du Coq St.-Honore» Here are to be seen gratis, every day, from eleven till four, valuable paintincs, and other curiosities, which are for sale, and well deserve inspection.
BAZARS.
These are spacious rooms surrounded with galleries, where tradesmen hire places by the week to expose their goods for sale. The most elegant is at No. 6, roe Atontesquieu, in premises formerly occupied as baths. The bazar at No. 35q rue St.-Honor^ is vei^ spacious, and presents, besides numerous fancy arti- des, an extensive assortment of furniture. At No. aj, boulevard Poissonnite, is a bazar for culinary utensils and every article usefiil to housekeepers. The other bazars are at No. 19 and No. a3, boulevard des Italiens, and No. 10, boulevard St.-Denis. At No. 5, Passage des Pavilions, nearly opposite the Passage Colbert, is an Exposition pemuanenie de ProduiU industriels ei iPichantiUons des fdbriques frangaises* This esta- blishment is worth a visit from the stranger, as it con- tains specimens of a greftt number of new inventions, curious articles, and good pictures.
LE PRADO,
Place du Palais^e- Justice,
Upon the site of the ancient church of St. Barthe-
lemi, a theatre was erected, which was suppressed with
jwveral others in 1807. The building has since been
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converted into a room for balls and various other ku.uiRr> ments which take place daring the v?inter. It has three
entrances.
IDALIE, Pauage de V Opera, boulevard dm luJiens, This is a subterranean gallery one hundred and i7ftr feet in length by fifty in breadth. It is used as a hM room, and contains tv70 small sUges, one for a con- jurer, and the other for a gnmacier. It is open* on Sundays and Thursdays, during v^intei*.
PUBLIC GARDENS. In some of the public gardens of Paris there are artifi- cial mountains, bearing various names, as MonUtgnes Francaises, Montagnes de Tivoli, Montagnes SuisseSy etc., downv^hich cars descend v^ith astonishing vdo- city. In 1817, a company established a diversion oiAr side the barrier du Roule, which they called ies Mom- tagnes Russes, A car capable of containing two per- sons is placed on the summit of a very steep inclined plane, down which it descends in grooves. This di> version is common in Russia during the winter, when the inclined plane is covered with ice. The first spe culators in Uiis novel amusement made immense for* tunes. Hundreds were seen waiting for their torn to descend, and several thousand francs were daily re- ceived ; but others who have since formed similar eslar blishments have not been equally successful, and the artificial mountains are now combined with the other amusements of the public gardens.
JARDIN DE TIVOLI, iVb. 80, rue de CUchy, This garden, which is the most celebrated in Pan is situated at the summit of the rising grounds com- manding the Chaussee d'Antin. It is of oonsideraUe extent, and has recently been devoted to public anui9e> ments. Daring the summer months, there are/eles
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champStreSf consisting of balls, concerts, conjuring, different experiments, aerostatic ascensions, fire-works, and illuminations. It is much more lively than Yaux- hall. The charge is from 3 fr. to 6 fr. according to the splendour of the /8te. Strangers may -walk in this garden daily, on paying one franc. Refreshments of every description may be procored.
JARDIN DES MONTAGNES FRANgAISES, BarrUre ties Trois^Couronnes. This garden is on the plan of TivoU, and the amuse- ments are the same. Here the visitor will find moun- tains down which he may descend in a car with amazing velocity. Admittance i fr. to 3 fr.
JARDIN HONTPLAISIR, JVo, 4, barnire de Menilniont€mU The visitor is admitted here gratis, his only expense being for^refreshments, dancine, and such amusements as in all public gardens are paid for separately.
ELYSEE MONTMARTRE, I^ear the banikre de Hockeckouart- This is a garden upon the same plan as the preceding.
WAUXHALL D'ETE.
Boulevard St.^Manin. This gay spot, is open on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays. FStes champitres and balls are given dur- ing the summer, and in winter there is a rotunda for dancing. During the winter, there are from time to time concerts zxAassauts d^armes. This place is much frequented by milliners, mantua-makers, clerks and cy- prians.
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JARDIN TURG, Boulevard du Temple. This garden is much frequentedy and oertainljr should not escape the attention of the tourist. No idea can be formed of the rich and costly strle in which it is deco- rated. In i8a4, the garden and the aifl attached Id it were emhellished at an expense of 200,000 fir. All the architectare, painting, and ornaments are in the Turk- ish style. In the garden, which is called le TwoUdu MaraiSy are arbours, and a terrace where rdGresbments are brought to the visitor, who, though perfecdj re- tired, has a view of the boulevards.
LA CHAUMI^E, iVb. 26, boulevard du MonUPanuute. This garden is situated on the southern boularai^, and is a truly pleasant spot. Independentlj of ro|ie dancing, tumblinjz and conjuring, there is an excellent restauranty aco/v, etc., and the price of refreshmealB is moderate. Here are the MotUagnes Suisse . There is less confusion and bustle here than in some similar establishments, in consequence of a charge, upon enter* ing, of 10 sous, for which the visitor receives refinesh- ments, or partakes of the amusements.
GUINGUETTES.
GuinffueUes are the houses or gardens ottraUeurty in the environs of Paris. Formerly they were frequented by workmen and labourers alone ; but tradesmen and clerks now resort to them in great numbers, patticu- larly on Sundays. These establishments were origi- nally very mean, and refreshment was obtained at a trifling expense ; but since they have been patronised by the middling classes, there are some which afibrd every kind of luxury.
The most celebrated are the Jardin de la Gaiety, barrier du Main ; the Salon Desnoyes, barri^re de la Courtille j the Maison Morel, barriere de Menilmontant ;
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the Hermitage, upon the hill of Montmartre ; the He d* Amour, at BelleviUe; Fanchon-la-Vielleuse, or la Chamni^re, boulevard du Mont-Pamasse ; le Salon de Varkt and the Salon du Feu £temel de laVestale, boulefard de l*H6pital. At Belleville and Montrouge most of the houses are euingueUes.
When a guinguette adds an orchestra and a ballrroom to its other attractions, it is called a bastringue. The houses which sell only wine and liquors are denomi- nated guinches. The stranger will probably look in at some of these places, for there he will obtain a cor- rect and highly favourable idea of the real character and manners of the lower classes in France, which form a great contrast with those of the same rank in England.
BALLS. Balls are a favourite amusement in Paris, particularly in the winter. There is no quarter of the capital in which ball-rooms, adapted to all classes of society, are not to be found. In summer, the balls ai*e held in the public gardens, and in saloons erected in the Champs- ^lysdes, and the suburbs. The principal rooms for the winter balls are, Tivoli d'Hiver, 4^? i^e de Grenelle St.-Honor^ ; la Salle du Retire, 3o, rue du faubourg St.- Honor^ -, le Prado, near the Palais de Justice ; Fldalie, passage de TOp^ra, boulevard des Italiens; Wauxhall a*£t4 et d'lliver, boulevard St.-Martin ; Salle du Mus^, 34^ ive Dauphine ; la Ghaumi^re d'Hiver, passas^ du Samnon ; and Salon de Mars, 75, rue du Bac. There is an innumerable variety of ball-rooms of a lower de- scription. During the summer months there are very respectable balls at Ranelagh, Sceaux, Bellevue, St.- Cloud, St.-Mand^, and Montmorency, which are much frequented by Parisians and strangers.
MASKED BALLS.
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CONCERTS. These are frequent in all seasons, but particularly io winter. They generally take place at the Italian Open- house, or the Intendance des Th^4tres-Royaux, Ko. a, rue Berg^re. In the winter and the spring several distinguished aitistsgive morning and evening concerts, by subscriptions, in rooms afforded them by some d the principal musical instiniment-makers. Theiear? also concert-rooms at No. 9, rue Taitbout, and No. 11, rue de Clery.
REVIEWS.
From the military character of the French, reviewj are always attended by a great concoui*se of spectators. The grand reviews and military evolutions take place in the Champ^e-Mars, or the Plaine-dlssy. In tie court^of the Tuileries the troops who mount guard at te palace exercise every day at noon in winter, and at nint o'clock in summer. They are frequently inspected by a marshal of France, and sometimes by a prince of the royal family. The troops in garrison at Paris are in- spected quarterly in the Champs-felys^s.
HORSE-RACES.
The sports of the turf have within a few years become much more general among the Parisian nobility and genU-y, than before the Restoration, and great attention IS now devoted to the improvement of the breed of horses. Races take place annually in September, in the Charap-de-Mars, for the arrondissementand depart- mental prizes, in addition to which three other prizes have been founded, namely, the pHx rojrcUy by Louis XVIII; the prix du roi, by Charles X ; and ^e prix Dauphin^ by the Dauphin. Previous to the races, the regulations and conditions are published by authority. Private matches are frequently run in the Bois-de-Bou- logne, and in these, as well as in the races of the Champ- de-Mars, the horses of English noblemen and gentlemen «:ut a conspicuous figure. The fii'st steeple-chase ever
own in France was run in the beginning of i85o.
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SKAITING. The places most frequented for this exercise are the basin de la Yillette, the canal St.-Martin, the octagonal basin'in the garden of the Tuileries, the gare de la Bas- tille, and the gare, fau{>ourg St.-Jacques.
PUBLIC FETES. The pnhlic fltes are held in the Ghamps-£ljsto, and the fine avenne leading to the barri^re du Trdne. On St.-Charles's day (Nov. 4th) a fftte is regularly given to the populace of Paris; besides which, others take place in tiie event of any extraordinary occurrence in the course of the year^ as, in 1831, on account of the bap- tism of the duke of Bordeaux ; in i8!i3, upon the return of the duke of Angoul^e, after the Spanish campaign; and in 1 825, upon the coronation of Gnarles X. In the different areas are rope-dancers, jugglers, bufibons, or- chestras for dancers, mdts de Cocagne^ and stages for dramatic representations. In the evening the avenues and walks are illuminated, as well as the garden of the Tuileries. Although upon these occasions the multi- tude brought together is immense, but few quarrels en- sue, and in general the greatest order and good humour prevail. Provisions and wine were formerly distributed to the populace, but the confusion created by the rush to obtain a share of the eatables thrown from the booths, and the drunkenness that frequently ensued in the case of those whose superior strength enabled them to pro- cure an undue portion of the wine, induced the muni- cipal authorities to decide that the distribution should in fatore be made privately, to poor funilies, by means I ai tickets, the number of which corresponds with that of the members of the family.
THE CARNIVAL. Until the reign of Louis XV the carnival commenced oVi the day qfter Twelfth-Night, or the 7th of January, and continued till Ash-Wednesday ; durinc;;which pe-
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riod numerous balls and entertainments were giyen, and many marriages celebrated. It is now beld on thie i5 days preceding Ash-Wednesday; but the principal daii are the Dimanche^ the Lundij and the Mardi Gras^ aiid the Thursday of Mid-Lent. A nomber of persons, ii disguise, masked and exhibiting every species of fo&j, parade the streets. The carnival was prohibited in 1790, and no more celebrated till the period wbeo fio- naparte was appointed first consul , Its restoralioD wis a cause of great joy to the Parisians, and for sosK^ars nothing could exceed the beauty and richness of difccos- tumes displayed upon this annual festival; but ilW now lost Its charms, and the masks are few and «• meaning. The places of general resort are the bod^ vards on the north bank of the Seine, and the me St- Honord. After parading the streets, the masks repair to the balls in the capital, or the gumgueties of the en- virons, for the night.
Masked Balls. — ^These balls, which at the time of tk carnival take precedence of every other kind of amuse- ment in Paris, were introduced under the regency of thr duke of Orl^s. The chevalier de. Bouillon conceived the project of converting the Opera-house into a ball- room, and a Garmehte &iar, named faither Sebastian, invented the means of elevating the floor of the pit to a level with the stage and lowenng it at pleasure. The first ball was given on the ad of January, 1716. Thej now commence about the end of January and continoe on fixed days tliroughout the carnival. The most sekd company is found at the Opera-house, where the balk begin at midnight, and are kept up till day-break. Be- sides masks, fancy dresses and dominos are commoiit and gentlemen have the privilege of going in plait clothes and unmasked. The charge is 6 fr. Refresk- ments and supper may be had. At the Od6on the mid- dling classes 01 society assemble. The charge is 3 fr. and dancing commences at 1 1 o'clock.
Masked-balls are likewise given at the The&tre de h Porte St. -Martin, Franconi's Circus, and various other places.
Thb Bokuf-Gras. — ^For ages there has been cdebrated
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at Paris, upon the last days of the carnival, the proces- sion of Uie Bcenf-Gras, when an ox, which has obtained the govemmait prize, preceded by music, and accom*
Satnied by a numerous train of butchers fantastically ressed, is led throng the streets of the capital. The ox is covered with tapestry, and his head adorned with laurd. Formerly the ox bore on his back a child, called Boi des Bouchers^ decorated with a blue scarf, and holding in one hand a gilt sceptre and in the other a fword. The child now follows the BcatfGras in an ornamented triumphal car, but without the sceptre and sword. This innovation upon the ancient custom llrst took place in i8aa.
JEUX DE PAUME (tmiiu courts). There are several buildings appropriated to these exercises, as they are favourite resorts of the Parisians. The principal are at No. 62 and No. 64, rue Mazarine.
ACADEMIES D'ARMES (fbucihg-schools). See fencing masters in Paris Diabctort.
GAMING-HOUSES. The principal of these establishments in this metro- polis is called the Cercle des Strangers . It is a beautiful and elegantly furnished hotel, situated at No. 106, in the ruede Richelieu, and is freouented by persons of ^e first rank. The play consists ot rouge el noir, and hazard,^ at which, in these saloons, immense sums frequently change proprietors. Each Tuesday and Satuwiay, a dinner takes place, to which about 3o gentlemen, known at the hotel, are invited. The choicest wines, and every delicacy that luxury can procure, are served on these occasions, in a style of princely splendour, two commis- sioners of the establishment superintending the enter- tainment, with the most earnest attention to the desires and gratification of every gaest. Play commences imme- diately after dinner on these days, but on other evenings it begins at 1 1 o'clock. Eveiy night, or rather morning,
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at two, a sumptuous hot supper is provided for the c._ pany. During the carnival, a masked ball and suppff is given, distinguished by the same style of luxury « tlie foregoing, and also without expense to the visitor. By a strict resulation, an introduction is indispensiiik at this establisnment.
The next in rank is Frascati's, at the hotel of Out name, next door to the preceding, at the comer of the rue de Richelieu and the boulevards, which are orer- looked by the gai^ens of the saloon. The [pmes played here are rotige el noir^ roulette and kuad. Females are admitted, and no introduction is neoesuy; the society is of course not select, but may be cosi- dered of a superior grade to the habituds of die gamii|- houses of the Palais-Royal, already noticed in our £- scription of this renowned emporium, piige i86.
In addition to these, which are the onlj publk gaming houses properly so called, there are numeroM tables kept by ladies of doubtful, or rather not donbM character, to which guests are admitted to dinner at a moderate price, where dcariS^n^ other games are after- wards played. In these the visitor cannot exercise too much caution, as, notwithstanding the apparent re- spectabihty and the agreeable manners of the company, which comprizes ladies, he may otlierwise pay very considerably more for his evening's entertainment than pnidence would dictate.
LOTTERIES. In the 1 5th century there were lotteries at Pans under the name of blanques or tontines^ from their having been established by an Itahan named Tonti. Louis XIV frequently exercised his munificence by means of lotteries composed of valuable prizes, which fell to his favourites without any stake, as chance might determine. Under Louis XV, when money was wanted by convents or churches, the govei*nment authorised them to raise it by means of lotteries. Louis XVI sap- pressed all lotteries except that of the Hospice des £n- fans-Trouv^, that of the Hdpital de la Pitii, and the Loterie Royale de France. On the i6th of November,
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1^94, lotteries were abolished by the National Conven- tion as i>iimo/Yi/«Jto^/i!5Amtf7sl^. The lottery of France, or of Paris, was re-established on the 3oth of September, 1^97, by the Directorial government; and Napoleon created nve others, viz. Strasbourg, Lyons, Lille, Brus- sels,* and Bordeaux, which are drawn tliree times a month. Each lottery contains 90 numbers, of which five nominally, but only four in reality, are entitled to prizes. The system is this: — ^an extrait, which is so called when only one of the numbers chosen comes up a prize, is entitled to i5 times the amount staked. If two numbers come up, that is an ambcy 270 times what is staked. If three ne prizes, the gain is 5,5oo times what is placed in the compartment appropriated to the teme. And if four numbers be prizes, the gain is 75,000 times the sum placed on the guateme. Not- withstanding this inviting prospect ol becoming rich, it cannot Be concealed that in this kind of lottery, as in every other, the purchasers of tickets are the dupes of their credulity and avarice. The lowest stake, which was formerly to sous, was fixed at 2 fr., by law, in 1829. The profit of the managers is inmiense, and this branch of the revenue yields to the state more than 12 Qiillions of francs a year. Thei*e are in Paris 1 5^ offices where tickets are sold. The lottei^ of Paris is drawn by blindfolded children, at nine o'clock on the 5th, i5th, and 25th of each month, at the office. No. 2, rue Neuve da Luxembourg. The numbers drawn in the provincial lotteries are announced at Paris by telegraph. The drawinfi;s of these lotteries take place as follows : — Lille, I St, nth, and 21st of the month; Bordeaux, 2d, 12th, and 22d; Strasbourg, 7th, 17th, and 27th ; Lyons, 9th, 19th, and 29th.
JOUTES SUR L'EAU. The watermen of the Seine formerly amused the people with rowing and sailing matches. To these
* Since the restoration of Brussels to the kine of the Nether- lands, there have been only four lotteries, exclusive of that of Paris.
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were added combats with lances, in boats, and dramatic representations upon the river, in which the mytholo- gical divinities cut a conspicuous figure. The aquatic sports are now very diversified, and take place for the most part at village ffttes in the environs of Paris.
MATS D£ GOGAGNE. This exercise, first introduced into Paris iathevear i4a5, now forms part of the amusements at moslt ol^e public ffttes given at Paris, as well as at some of the furs and wakes of the provincial tovms and villaoes. It con- sists of a mast, ^ feet in hei^t, smeared with soap and grease, at the top of which are several prizes, soch as a gold vratch, a silver watch, a siver fork and spooO) a silver cup, etc. which fadl to the lot of those who, in turn, succeed in reaching them.
CHAPTER XIX. PROBIENADES, BOULEVARDS, AND BARRHSlS.
PROMENADES.
GHAMPS-ELYSi:ES. This tract of ground, which is now laid out in agree- , able walks, was formerly covered with small, irregolaT) ' and detached houses, situated in the midst of gardeDS» meadows, and arable land. In the year 1616, the qnetf mother, Marie dc M^cis, having purchased part oflkc ground, had four rows of trees planted so as to fort three roads, which were closed at the extremities bf iron gates. This plantation being intended exdusivch for that princess and her court, when she vnshed to take an airing in her carriage, it assumed the name d CourS'la-Reine, which it still retains. It is now open to the public in carriages on springs. This drive ex- tends along the banks of the Seine, from which it is separated by the high road leadinc to Versailles. On the other side it was divided by ditches from a plain, with
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wiuch a communicaitioii was formed by a small stone bridge. In 1670, this plain, which extended to the ' viDage du Roule, was by order of Colbert planted with trees, forming several walks interspersed with grass I plats. The new promenade was at first called le Grand I Cours, to distingui!^ it from the Cours4arReme ; but I a few years aDter it was named Champs-^lys^. Ma- ; daioe de Pompadour, having become proprietor of the hxAel now called Palais derElysee-Boorbon, complained to the marquis de IVIarigny, snperintendant of the royal hoildings, that the trees intercepted her view of the road ; in consequence of which Colbert's phntation I was cat down. Madame de Pompadour dying in 1 764 , : the ground was replanted in the same year ; several I alleys, squares, and circles were formed, and resiaurans I and cqj^ erected. At the same time, in order to ren- der the point of view from the palace of the Tuileries more extensive, the ascent near the barrier de Tjlloile was lowered, and the road reduced to its present gentle
Champs-Elysees are bounded on the north by the fioiboorg St.->Honore, on the south by the Cours-la- Reine, on the east by the place Louis XY , and on the west by Chaillot and the faubourg du Roule. Their length, firom the place Louis XV to the circular area called the Bumd-Point at the opposite extremity, is about o5o yards ; their breadth at the eastern boundary is 573 yards, and at the western 700 yards. They are Aivided by the NeuiUy road, the axis of which is the tune as that of the grand walk of the garden of the Tuileries. This road, pbnted with trees, which form dooUle walks on each side, is prolonged in a straight hie to the barrier, and from thence to the Inidge of ^euilly. By a royal ordonnanceof April aad, 18^28, it was decreed that a sUtoe of Louis XY should be erec^ted at the Bond-Point of the Champs-Elysees. The design of an equestrian statue in bronze, by CatteUier, 1 5 feet in hei^t, was fixed on, and Crasatier appointed to be the founder. The pedestal of marUe, with a l^inth of bronze, is also i5 feet high. TheChamps- £lys6es and the pboe Louis XY were c«ded to the
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city of Paris by the government in idaS, upon conditioB of the sum of a, 200,000 fr. beiofi expended in their embellishment within the term of five years. The en- trance to Paris by the Ghamps-Elys^es is unequalled bj any city in Europe. In lyaS, the Cours-la-Reine was replanted. At the entrance of the Champs-Elysees fn» the place Louis XV are two beautiAil groups in marbk*
In iBi4f at Cossack camp was established in the Champs-Elysto ; and in i8i5, the English encanya/ Uiere.
During the winter of 18 18, the walks of the Qamps Elys^ were improved, several trees were felled to procure openings, and some young trees planted, as a considerable number had been destroyed during tk period of the camps. At this time an opening was made which affords a fine view of the Hdtel des Invalidei from the high-road. A bridge forms a communicatioi betvwn the Champs-Elysees and the Esplanade des In- valides.
From 1777 to 1780, the Champs-Elysees were the most fashionable promenade in Paris, being the ttsori of the most beautiful and elegantly dressed ladies of the capital . A solitary avenue was called AU^ des Fmi»es^ in consequence of its being thronged in the aftemoon by the carriages of rich widows, who sought at the same time to take the air and assuage their grief. At that period no widow ventured to appear in deep mourn- ing in the public walks. At present, the AUie des Veus^ts is deserted ; the Parisian widows support thdr bereavement with greater cheerfulness, and it is far from uncommon to see the crape and weepers of dov- agers associated at the Opera, with plumes and da- monds.
A grand plan has been formed for oonstructinc ia " the Champs-Elysdes, on the side towards the Seuef a new tfuarUer^ to be called quariier de Franpois I The works wei*e begun in 1 825, but have proceeded vetj tslowly. Four streets open into a place j called Pieci de Francis /, in the centre of which will be a chdiee^
' See page 284.
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d^etiu and a fountain ornamented with the statue of Francis I. At the comer of the street opening into the Coun4B»Eeme is a house in which have been used the ornaments of the front of a country seat which Francis I built at Morets, near Fontainebleau, for his sister Margaret. This mansion was bought by the govemment, and the materials transported to Paris. One of the streets is called rue de Ckfment Mmrot, after the secretary of Margaret ; and another rue de B^ard.
The public ffttes given to the Parisians take place in the Ghamps-Elvs^s. *
That part of the Champs -£lysto to the right on entering from the place Louis XY , is more particnlarly devoted to the promenade. On the left are players at bowls, skittles, balls, etc. Nothing can present a more lively scene than the Champs-£lys^s, in the evening, duinng the sunmier season, particularly on Sundays. At tbeRond-Pointis the Salon de Mars, where the votaries of the dance are found in throngs ; and whilst on each side of the grand avenue the different amusements usual at fairs may be enjoyed, itinerant instrumental and vocal performers enliven the walks.
An annual promenade, denominated Longchampj which takes place in the Ghamps-^lys^s and the Bois de Boulogne on the Wednesday, Thursday, anrl Friday of Passion Week, originated in the following manner : — In the Bois de Boidogne, an abbey, called AhlHVfe de LongcJuanp^ was founded in ia6i , by Isabella of France, sister of St. Louis. This abbey attracted little notice till towards the middle of the eighteenth century, when the melodious voices gf some of the nuns excited the attention of amateurs. The church of the abbey became frequented, and on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday of Passion Week, it was the resort of the fashionable circles. The attendants were dressed in the most splendid attire, and as the collections made were very considerable, and it was supposed they might be still augmented, the principal sikigers of the Opera-
* See page 571.
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58o PROMEITADES :
house were solicited to knd their aid in chanting Uk lamentations and tenebras of Piission Week . When tk empire of fine voices had passed away, the chnrdi <rf Longchamp was deserted, hut the Parisians still flocked to the Bois de Boulogne, where the haut ion displajnl their costly attire and splendid equipages. After the 1 8th Brumaire, the promenade of Longchamp was re- sumed, notwithstanding the ahbey had been destroretf. The number of equipages seen at Longchamp is iery considerable, but they are mean in appearance ivWd compared with those of the drive in Hyde-Park on a Sunday in summer. The carriages proceed at a fnl pace up the road on one side, ana down on the other; the centre is reserved for carriages and four, rojal carriages, and those of the king's ministers, the greai officers of state, foreign ambassadors, and other high personages.
CHAMP-DE-BIARS.
See page 256.
KOYAL GARDENS. Sec pages 160, 181, 193, 504, and 566.
PUBLIC GARDENS. See page 565.
BOIS DE BOULOGNE. This wood, at the distance of about two miles finom Paris, bears the name of a .village to which it is conti- guous. Before the Revolution it presented few trc« that were not stunted and dying with age. The revo- lutionary axe rendered it still more naked and sterile; and the greater part of those it spared were felled to make palisades foi- the barriers of Paris at the approach of the allied armies in 1814. In July, i8i5, aifcr the capitulation of Paris, the British troops, under the command of tlie duke of Wellington, esUblished their camp in the Bois de Boulogne. To construct huts thej
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THE BOULEVARDS. 58 f
cut down many of the ti'ees, and a kind of town, formed of foliage, succeeded to luxuriant and verdant groves. Streets, named alter places in En^nd, ex- tended along the roads where the Parisians had been accustomed to display their equipages. Upon the troops quitting this position, the wckxT necessarily pre- sented a desolate appearance. It has since been re- planted.
From time immemorial the Bois de Boulogne has been celebrated as the theatre of <luelling; and it stiU is the rendezvous of those whom a sense of honour urges to this barbarous practice. Several thousand Parisians and foreigners have perished upon this spot, since the prejudice which induces men to kill each other coolly has been introduced into France.
The Bois de Boulogne may be called the Hyde-Park of Paris, where the most splendid equipages and finest horses of the capital are displayed. It is adso celebrated for the annual procession or promenade de Longchamp.* In one of the principal alleys, near the gate next the Neuilly road, is an excellent cafi^ and at a short dis- tance beyond it a restaurant of the first order; both are much frequented in fine weather by genteel company. The soil of the Bois de Boulogne is what French geo- logists call limon itattdrissement^ and the English aHu- 9hun ; in this formation are found the bones of elephants, oxen, elks, and other mammalia. Botanists have al- ways frequented the Bois de Boulogne. Toumefort often mentions it in his works, and the celebrated Jus- sieu conducts his pupils there every year.
THE BOULEVARDS. Under the reign of Louis XIV Paris ceased to be a fortified city. By a decree of that monarch the walls and towers, which had fallen into decay, were palled down, and the ditches filled up. When the demoli- tion of the southern enclosure had been carried into elTect, the king formed the resolution of opening a
* See pa^^e 579.
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582 promenades:
wide road round the capital, and pknting it with trees. In 1670, the fortifications on the north were demo- lished, and the road, which took the name of Bank- t^ard (bulwark), was planted from the rue St.-Antoiiie to the rue St.-Martin. In the following year the Porte St. -Denis was demolished, and the triomphal arch, which bears the same name, was erected. The Boa- levaixi was at the same time continued from the rue St.- Martin to the rue St.-Honor^. The northern boule^ vards being finished in 17049 the king issued a decree for similar works to be executed on the south \ they, however, proceeded very slowly, and were not finished till 1 76 1. Under the government of Napoleon, the Boulevard on the northern bank of the Seine was pro- longed from the rue St.-Ant<Hne to the river.
The Boulevards, which, since the formation of a similar road without the barriers, have been distin- guished by the name of Boulevard intineury form two grand divisions called the Boulevard du Nord^ and the Bouletforddu Midi, . The former, called also the Grand Boulevardy is five thousand and sixty-seven yards in length, and is subdivided into twelve pai'ts, bearing the following names : the boulevards Bourdon, St.-An- toine, des FiUes-du-Galvaire, du Temple, St. -Martin, St.-Denis, Bonne-Nouvelle, Poissonni^re, Montmartre, des Italiens, des Gapucines, and de la Madeleine. The Boulevard du Midi is sixteen thousand one hundred yards in length, and is divided into seven parts, as follows : the boulevards de FHdpital, des Goli^lins, de la Glacidre, St. -Jacques, d*£nfer, du Mont-Pamasse and des Invalides. These roads ai*e planted With four rows of trees, forming a carriage road with a doable walk on each side. The Boulevard extdrieur was not finished till 1814. It is planted with trees, and is divided into several parts bearine different denominations. The name of the street oSleA^rae Basse^du^Rempariy below the boulevards on the north side, still indicates what it once was. On the northern boulevards new objects constantly strike the eye of the stranger. They are skirted in most parts with elegant houses, shops, r^S'^ taurans and cafSs. The boulevard des Italiens is the
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P^PINIERE DU LUXEMBOURG. 583
most fashionable part. Here in line weather loungers of both sexes throw themselves carelessly on chairs, and thus pass a great part of the day. Nothing can exceed the eaiety of this spot till midnight. The chairs are hired for two sous each. The common people prefer the boulevard du Temple, whei% puppet shows, panto- mimes, rope-dancing, mountebanks etc., are always ready to amuse them. On Sunday evenings, this spot resembles a fair. All the diversified amusements that can be devised assail the senses — musicians, Qower-girls, and tumblers, alternately succeed each other, and ap- I pear grateful for the few sous bestowed upon their in- ' de&tigable, and sometimes wonderful exertions to I amuse. The scenes of nearly all the northern bou- : levards are not less amusing in the evening. They are well lighted, and the thousands of persons going to or I from the theatres, coming from dinners, or lounging about for diversion, keep up the bustle and animation ; till all-subduing sleep bids the busy world retire.
The new boulevards to the south offer a striking conti'ast to this lively picture. On their sides, at con- P siderable distances, are some elegant houses and gardens d PAnfdaisey but no crowds, no noise ; the air is pui^ and sadubrious, and those who like a solitary shady I walk will here be gratified. They are said to be much frequented by lovers and poets.
The exterior boulevards form, in some parts, a plea- sant ride, but in general are monotonous and dull.
BOIS DE VINCENNES. See ViHCBHHBs, Entihons or Pahs.
PRE 8T.-GERVAIS. See EnviBORS or Pakis.
PEPINIERE DU LUXEMBOURG. This beautiful nursery ground, on the enclosiu'C of the ancient convent des ChartreuXy contains, in a high state of cultivation, rare plants and every species of fruit
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tree found in France, or which it is sought to natn- raiize. In spring the director delivers lecturer^ $m hor- ticultural subjects, the pruning of trees, etc.
i
PARC DE MOUCEAUX, 2Vo. 4, rue de Ckartres, faubourg du Route. In this park, planted in the En^ish style, an edifice was huilt in 1 770, under the direction of M. CarnionteL for the late duke of Orleans, then duke de Ghartra. It is ornamented with Gothic grottoes, Greek iw, superh peristyles, etc. The National Convention ^ creed that Mouceaux should not be sold, but jpresenei for various establishments of public utility. Napoleok, at his accession to the throne, presented it to the ardi* chancellor Gambacer^s ; but the latter, finding that to keep it up an immense expense was occasioned, restored it to the donor four or five years afterwards. IVapo- leon then annexed Mouceaux to his private domains^ and upon his fall, in 181 4) the king restored it to the duke of Orleans. This spot is woi^y of the tFaveller'f visit, and tickets of admission may be«obtain.ed upoo applying by letter, post paid, to Monsieur ie Seor^Uare de$ Commandemens de S. J, R. le Due d^OfUam^ au Palais-Royal. Admission days are Thursdays and Sundays.
THE BARRIERS.
Paris (Lutetia), when under the Roman dominatieo, consisted merely of the island now called lie de la Oli<, which at that period was much smaller than at present, and does not appeal* to have been surrounded with walls in the time of Julian. There is presumptive evidence, however, that it was enclosed towards the end of its subjection to the Roman sway, as walls round it cer- tainly existed in the earliest reigns of the Franks.
Louis VI, being incessantly exposed to the attacks of tlie lords his vassals, determined to defend the £ao- bourgR on the north and soutli of the CitS by the erec- tion of walls. The enclosure on the right bank of Uie
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THE BAARIBBS. 585
Seine began near the church of St.-Germain-rAuier* *i , :Bj and terminated opposite the place de Gr^ve. This c losnre was afterwards prolonjzed eastward to the me < ioffroi-l'Asnier, On the left bank, the endosore began near the march^ de la Yolaille, and terminated pear the me de Bi^ivre.
In 1 190, Philip Angostos, previous to his departore on a crusade to the Holy Land, commanded the house- holders of Paris to surround the city with a substantial wall, having turrets and gates, which was commenced in the same year. The enclosure on the northern bank set out from a tower near the spot now occupied by the pont des Arts, and terminated beyond that where the pout Marie now stands. The wall on the southern bank was begun about the year iao8. It set out from the spot which the eastern pavilion of the Institute now occupies, and terminated opposite the Isle St. -Louis.
About a month after the battle of Poictiers, which took place on the i8th <^ October, i356, Etienne Marcel, prMi des marchands, gave orders for the walls of Paris to be augmented and repaired. The
£ Ian (^ the southern side remained the same as before, nt the fortifications were thoroughly repaired, and ditches dug round them. On the northern bank the enclosure was considerably enlarged. Under Charles V and Charles VI the fortifications of Paris were re- paired and strengthened, as was the case also during the reigns of Francis I, Henry D, Charles IX, and Louis Xin. Under Louis XIY the walls were pulled down and the boulevards formed.
The extensive introduction of contraband goods into the capital in the reign of Louis XVI, induced the farmers-general of the king's revenue to solicit per- mission to construct walls round Paris, considerably beyond the extent of any preceding enclosure. The king's consent was given by an ordonnance of January 1 5th, 1785, and the works on the southern side were begun in May following. Upon the completion of this enclosure the wall was conunenced on the north, and extended round the villages of Chaillot and Roule. The prodigal minister Calonne charged M. Ledoux with the
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586 PROMEJNADES:
coiutruction of elegant edifices for the edkclors oC the revenue at the barriers, in order that the entnnoei into Paris might impress strangers with an idea <^ its magnificence. Galonne was dismissed ficom the G»- binet in 1787, and in September of the same year the works were suspended by an order in cooacil. The new minister, M. de Brienne, archbishop of Toulouse, accompanied by several public functionaries, inflected the walls in November following. Under the Bat impulse of indignation he was disposed to have timi demolished and the materials sold -, but the works were too fisir advanced, and he therefore merely obtained aa order in council prescribing various regiilatioiiA, aid appointing new surveyors and architects.
On the I St of May, 1791, the entrance duties weie abolished, in consecpience of which the barriers became useless.
Under the Directory, about the year 5, a small duty was levied, and the barriers were repaii^. The pro- duct of this duty being given to the hoqoiitals, it took the name of octroi de bienjaisance . Dnrina Napoleon'i raign the walk were finished, and the duty at the barriers considerably augmented. In 18 17, the endcn sure on tlie south was prdonged, in order to incbide the Abattoir dlvry, the H6pital de la Salp^tri^re, and two hamlets.
The total extent of this enclosare is twenty-six thoa- sand seven hundred and seventy-ei^t yards, and coBr prises fi^ gates or barriers, bearing different names. At the eastern and western extremities of the barriers, boats, called pataehes^ are stationed upon the river to collect the duties upon the goods entering the capital by water.
We woold i^ecommend tlie traveller to make tlie tour of the barriers. Of those most entitled to notice we shall give a brief description. Hitherto the openiag between many of the bureaux doctroi at the barriers has been filled up with miserable wooden fences, but it has been determined to replace them by iron gates, and the project has in many instances been carried into execution.
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The barri^re de NeidUy is composed of two elegant pavilions and a handsome iron idling, heyond which rises the trimnphal arch de TEtoile.
The barriire du Tf^ne or de Vincennea^ consists of two spacious symmetrical pavilions, and two columns seventy feet in height.
The barrikre Saint-Martin presents the form of a temple, and is upon the same axis as the basin de la Villette. This edifice has been transformed into bar- racks for gendarmes, and two small pavilions built for the officers of the octroi duties.
The barriire de Mochechouart is a pavilion orna- m^ted with four Ionic columns.
The Imrriire de Foniainebleau or d'Jtalie consists of two symmetrical buildings, ornamented with a Doric entablature.
The barriere de Berpy is composed of two buildings resembling temples.
The barriere de Remlfy is a charming rotunda of brick, surrounded by a peristyle of twenty-four columns bearing arcades.
The barriere de la ChapineUe presents, in a fa9ade, a semicircular portico surrounded by six Doric columns.
The barriere du Combat has a picturesoue appearance.
The barriere Blanche is decorated with columns rest- ing on consoles.
The barriere de Chartres is in the form of a circular temple, with a portico of sixteen columns.
The barriere de Courcelies resembles a chapel.
The barriere de Passj- is richly decorated with sculpture ; to the right and left of the building is an iron railing connected by pedestals, supporting colossal figures of Brittany and Normandy.
The barriire de VEcole mililaire consists of two buildings which have no other opening than a porch in the form of a niche.
The barriire d^Enfer consists of two large pavilions.
The barriire de POursine resembles a sn\all Doric temple.
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588 THE CATACOMM.
CHAPTER XX. CATACOMBS AND CEMETERIES.
THE CATAGOUBS.
The origia of the Catacomhs does not ascend to the remote ages of antiquity. The cemetery des lonooens, in the centre of Pans, had existed several oentories pre- yious to its enclosure, in f 186, by Philip Augustas. The common people of Paris regarded this burial place with so much veneration, that some difficult was found in its. suppression ; hut the insalubrity occasioned hj such an accumulation of human putrescence, had long determined the government to dose it as a place of in- terment. The Council of State in 1784 decreed that the cemetery should be cleared of its dead, and converted into a market-place,'^ after the canonical forma which were recraisite in such cases had been observed. It for- tunately nappened that there was no difficulty in find- ing a proper receptacle for the remains thus disinterred. Under the southern part of Paris immense quarries had been worked from time immemorial. The Obsenrai- tory, the Luxembourg, the Od^n, the Val-de-Gi'ke, the church of Ste.-Genevi^ve, the chm*ch of St.-Sulpioe, the rues de la Harpe, de St.-Jacques, de Tournon, de Vaugirard, and several other streets, were completdj undermined. Some excavations having taken place, a special commission was appointed to direct such works as might be required. Engineers and workmen were immediately employed to examine the whole of the quarries, and prop the streets, roads, churches, palaces, and buildings of all kinds, which were in danger of being ei^ulphed. The thought of converting the quar- ries intoCatacombs originated with M . Lenoir,iieutenant- Seneral of the police ; and the proposal for removing the ead from the cemetery des Innocens was the more ^ easily entertained, because a receptacle so convenient
* See Marchb obs IimoGBRft, page 303.
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and so nnexoeptioiuble in all respects, was ready to receive them. That part of the quarries under the plaine de Mont-^oris was allotted for this purpose ; a house, known hy the name of ia Tombe Isoire^ or Isouard (from a famous robber, who once infested that neighbourhood), on the old road to Orleans, was pur- cbauied, with a piece of ground adjoining ; and the first operations were to make an entrance into the quarries by a flight of 77 steps, and to sink a well from the sur- face down which the bones mieht be thrown. Mean- time, the workmen below walled off that part of the quarries which was designed for the great chamel house, opened a communication between the upper and lower vaults, and built pillars to prop the roof. When all these necessary preliminaries had been completed, the ceremony of consecrating the intended Catacombs was performed with great solemnity on the 7 th of April, 1780, and on that same day the removal from the ceme- tery began. This work was always performed at ni^t ; the bones were brought in funeral cars, covered with a pall, and followed by priests in their surplices, chant- ing the serviced of the dead. When they reached the Catacombs the bones were shot down the well, and the rattling and echoing which they made in their fall, was as impressive a sound as ever was heard by human ears.
All the crosses, tombstones, and monuments, which were not claimed by the families of the dead to whom they belonced, were carefully removed and placed in the field belonging to the Tombe Isoire : some of them were very curious. Many leaden coffins were buried in this field, one of which contained the remains of ma* dame de Pompadour, who, at her own desire, had been interred at the foot of the Croix des Innocens, Thus far things had been conducted with the greatest deco- rum ; but as the Revolution proceeded, la Tombe Isoire was sold as a national domain, the leaden coffins were melted, and all the monuments destroyed. KguingeUe was then opened upon the spot, which was afterwards converted into a ${Ule de danse.
The cemeteries of St.-Eustache and St.-£tienne-des- Grks having been suppressed in 1787, the bones from
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Sgo THE GAXACOMBS.
then were removed to this 0eiieral deposit, by order of the government. The Catacombs served ako as convenient receptacles for those who peiished in popu- lar commotions or massacras. The victims of the aStli and !i9th of Aogost, 1788; of the 28th of April, 1789; of the loth of August, and the 2d and 5d of September, 1792, were deposited there.- To pei*pet:aate the me- moi7 of those wlio fell at the latter period, two marbk tablets have been erected, and an annual service is per- formed at the place of their interment. Upon ^ sup- pression of the convents and various churches, tfaf remains discovered in them were removed and deposited in this immense charnel house. The bones, when first brought to the Catacombs, were heaped up without any kind of order, except that those from each cemetery were kept separate. In 1 8 1 o , a regular system of piling up the bones was conunenced under the direction of M. H^icart de Thury. Openings were made to ohitnn air, channels were formed to carry off the water, sfeepf were constructed from the lower to the upper excat-a- tion, pillars erected in good taste to support tiie dznge- rous parta of the roof, and the skulls and bones built up along the walls.
There are two entrances to the Catacombs, the one towards the west, near the barri^e d*£nfer, by whidi visitors are admitted; and the other to the east, near the old road to Orl^ns, which is appropriated to tbe workmen and persons attached to the estaUishmoit. A third entrance, opening into la Tombe Jsoirgy was stop- ped at the period when that field was sold. •
The staircase dest^ending to the Catacomlx consists of 90 steps. The stranger, carrying a wax taper, which he may purchase on the spot, or at a grocei^'s shop, is accompanied by a guide, who conducts him throii^ this vast labyrinth, and is himself directed bj a black line traced on the roof through the whole coui^se which he is to pursue. After several windings, with galleries branching off in different directions, he arrives at the gallery £1 Port-Mahon. A soldier, named IMcure, who had accompanied marshal Richelieu in the expedi- tion against Minorca, being employed in these quarries,
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THE CATACOMBS. ^91
amased himself, in his leisure hoars, in carving out of the stone a plan of Port Mahon, where he had been long a prisoner. He worked at it constantly from 177J to 178a ; and when it was finished, he formed a spacious vestibule adorned with a kind of mosaic of black flint. This ingenious man was afterwards crushed to death by a mass of stone which fell whilst he was occupied in constructing a staircase.
At a short distance from this spot is a curiosity^ which probably will not be shown unless the traveller inquires for it. Some enormous fragments of stone are so nicely balanced on a base, hardfy exceeding a point, that they rock with every blast, and seem to threaten the beholder, yet in this equilibrium they have remained for more than two centuries, and it would probably require a prodigious force to remove them.
About 100 yards from the gallery du Port-Mahon, we fall again into the road of the Catacombs. On the right side is a pillar formed of dry stones, entirely covered with incrustations of grey and yellow calcareous matter ; alid 100 yards further on is the vestibule of the Cata- combs. It is of an octagonal form. On the sides of the door are two stone benches, and two pillars of the Tuscan order. Over the door is the following in- scription:— Has uitra metas requieseunty beatam spent spectantes.
The vestibule opens into a long gallery lined with bones from the floor to the roof. The arm, leg, and thigh bones ai*e in front, closely and regularly piled together, and their uniformity is relieved by three rows of skulls at equal distances. Behind these are thrown the smaller bones.
This gallery conducts to several rooms, resembling chapels, lined with bones variously arranged ; and in the centre, or in niches of the walls, are vases and altars, some of which are formed of bones, and othei*s are oimamented with skulls of different sizes. Some ahars are of an antique form, and composed of the solid rock.
These chapels contain numerous inscriptions ; some of them merely indicating the cemetery from whidi each
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5gi THE CATACOMBS.
pile of bones was removed ; otlien are extracted frora the Sci*ipture8 or heathen poets ; but vei^ few are ap- propriate, or display real feeling or good taste.
One chapel or crypt, which contains the remains of those who perished in the various popular insttrrections, daring the early stages of the Revolution, is called Tom- beau de la Mvolution,
Another, called ToniUeau des Ficiimes, encloses the bodies ^f those who perished in the horrible massacres of the ad and 5d of September.
In order to procure a freer circulation of air during the first works carried on ki the Catacombs, a large earthem dish of live cinders was placed on a block of stone ; for which was afterwards substituted a sepul- chral lamp, in the form oi an ancient cup, upon a pe- destal . This is the first monument in the Catacombs. Near it is the large cruciform pillar, called Piliar of the Me- mento, on account of this inscription on three sides of it : — Memenio quia puhis es. Behind this is the pillar of tlie Imitation, so called because the inscriptions oo it are taken from the book entitled, '^ The Imitation tf Jesus Christ."
Among tlie ornaments is a fountain, in which four golden fish are imprisoned. They appear to have growu in this unnatural situation, but they have not spawned; three of them have retained their brilliant colour, but some spots have appeared upon the fourth. The spring which rises here was discovered by the workmen ; the basin was made for their use, and a subterranean aque- duct carries off the waters . M . Hericart de Thury named it la Source d'Oubliy but it is now called Fontaine de la Samaritaine, from an inscription of the words of Christ to the Samaritan woman.
The album which is kept at the Catacombs contains a great many effusions of sentiment, a few of devotional feeling, and numerous miserable witticisms and proQi- gate bravadoes.
The calculations differ as to the number of bones collected in this vast charnel-house. It is, however, certain that it contains the remains of at least 3,ooo,ooo of human beings.
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THE CATACOMBS. SqS
A faint mouldering smell is perceived, but not to anj ^ unpleasant or dangerous degree.
Two cabinets Have been formed in the Catacombs by M. Hericart de Thnry. One is a mineralogical collection of specimens of all the strata of the q[uarries ; the other is a pathological assemblage of diseased bones, scienti- fically arranged. There is likewise a table, on which are ex]x>8ed the sknlls most remarkable either fiw their formation or the marks of disease which they %St.
It is in contemplation to form a more characteristic entrance to the Catacombs than that which they at pre- sent possess. In April, 1 8 1 4> the Russian troops formed a camp in the plain of Mont-Sonris. As soon as they iearnea that the Catacombs were established beneath it they respected the entrance, and were eager to visit the vast subterranean sepulchre. The emperor of Austria visited the Catacombs on the i6th of May^ 1814. This was the first time they had ever been entered by a sovereign.
The Catacombs are certainly one of the most curious and interesting monuments of Paris. Havine quitted ti^em by a portal, on which is an inscription from Vir- gil, the stranger again follows a black line traced on the roof, which conducts him to another staircase ; on as- cending this he finds himself on the east of the road to Orl&ttS, which he had crossed under ground, and more than half a mile from the spot at which he de- scended.
The Catacombs have been for some time closed to the public, on account of extensive repairs whicrh are now far advanced. Admission cannot be obtained without an order from Monsieur le DirecUur des Tror vaux des Monumens Publics, No. 20, rue de TUniver- sit^, which should be applied for by letter. In making the tour of the Catacombs, visitors are now attended by an ecclesiastic, in consequence of some persons having allowed themselves to act in a mann^ unbecoming the solemnity of the place. "^ • •
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5^ cemeteries:
CEMETERIES.
At a period moce remote thaB the seventh century, the Parisians buried t^ieir dead witfaont the city walls, along the sides of the high-roads . By degrees the priesto granted permission for interments to • take j^dace in churches and the groand contiguous. The increase of the Maulation rendering it necessary to extend the bounaP'flr the city, the cemeteries became inclosed within the walls, where they remained till towards the end of the 1 8th century. In the year i ^9|o, the Natimial Assembly passed a law expressly prohimting interment within churches, and commanding all towns and villages to discontinue Uie use of their old burial-places, and form others at a distance from their dwellings. Dur- ing the revolutionary tyranny which soon after ensued, when it was proclaimed that death is an eternal sleep, men were buried without any ceremony, or memorial to mark the spot where they lay. But, in the spring of 1800, a decree was issued by the prefect of the depart- ment of tlie Seine, which ordained three cemeteries to be enclosed for the use of Paris, of a certain extent, and at a distance of one mile from the walls. In the centre of each a Luctuaire, or Salle de DeaUj was to be erected, destined to receive tlie funeral procession, and con- secrated to the ceremony which might precede the act of interment. Six funeral temples were to be bnilt in Paris, to serve as dep6ts before the funeral. A mode of burial common to all was to be established. The com- mune of Paris was to defray the expense for the poor> but in all other gases it was to be i^imbursed by meana of a burial tax. Families might incur any additional expense that they pleased . McmomeBts also were allow-* ed to be erected in the cemeteries : of course, in sach cases, a price was to be paid for the ground. The use of public coffins was forbidden; that is of those coffins which only ser#d for cariying the body to the grave ; for it appears that 'the dead were often, perhaps most frequently, interred without one. The costume of all the persons attached to this department was regulated with as much precision as that of the Directory thc-ni-
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selves. These regulations, in themselves good, were in great part disregarded.
In 1 8o4, an imperial deeree was issued, i*epeating the prohibition of interment in churches, or within the bounds of a town. High ground exposed to the north, was, by this decree, to be chosen for cemeteries ; and every corpse was to be interred in a separate grave, from a metre and a half to two metres deep, and the eartli to be well trodden down. There was to be a certain dis- tance between the graves, which were not to be re- opened till after five years. Another imperial decree, in 1811, consigned the whole foneral business of the metropolis to one company of undertakers-general,* arranged funerals into six classes, and appointed a tArif, whereby the expense of every separate article and as- sistant was determined. This decree is still in force.
The cemeteries of Paris are five in number, viz. the GimeU^re de Monimartre^ the Cimetiere du P^re La Chaise, that of Vaugirard, that of Sie. -Catherine ^ and that of Mont'Pamasse. They are laid out in a pic- turesque style ; the monuments are generally in good taste, and many of the inscriptions are interesting. These burial grounds may be considered as public pro- menades; parties are made to visit them; and in their neighbourhood are established guinguetUs^ where re- freshments may be obtained. On Sundays, in parti- cular, they are the resort of the inhabitants of Uie ca- pital. On All-Souls* Day, which is set apart in the Romish church for the commemoration of the dead, whole families of the Parisians visit the graves of their relations. Women, in mourning apparel, repeat the prayers for the dead over the grave, and men are seen prostrate upon the ground.
Having tiiras given a general view of the origin of the Parisian cemeteries, we shall now present a more par- ticular description of them.
CEMETERY OF MOMTMARTRE.
This cemetery is situated without the walb, on the
' See ErtTREPRisEs dbs PoMrss Fuhsbres, page 44.
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north of Paris, at the foot of the hill of ]ilontiiiartre, tetween the harrier Blanche and the barrier de Glichy, and is approached hy a fine avenue of trees. This spot was formerly a gypsum quarry; and the irreguUrity of the ground, resulting from that circumstance, gives it a picturesque and romantic appearance. It was the first established after the suppression of burial-places in the city, and was originally named Champ deRtpos, To the left, on entering, is a sandy elevation of the na- tural soil, declining towards the west, at the bottom of which are the common trenches, for such as have not the honour of a separate grave.
On the left near the gate is a monument erected by Madame Larmoyer to the memory of her husband. It is adorned with a bas-relief representing M. Larmoyer upon his death-bed. At the foot of the bed is a genios, holding in his right hand a crown, and in his left an inverted flambeau. At the head appears the widow surrounded by her three sons and her daughter. The expression of grief in the countenances of these figures is admirably executed. The widow and her daughter survived M. Larmoyer only a few months, and were buried in the same tomb.
The visitor in making the tour of the cemetery should ascend the high ground on the right, which affords an enchanting view of a deep hollow beneath, in which the poplar, the cypress, the lilac and the honeysuckle flonrtsb over the graves of tiie mouldering dead. Descending at the extremity of the lofty ground, he arrives at a stone cross, having on the left an elevation on which are hand- some monuments of the families of Voyer d'Arcensoo, d'Aguesseau, de S^gur, and Seveste. He should then keep along the avenue next the waU, at the extremity of which from the sandy elevation, the common trenches are seen at the outer boundary. By proceeding down one avenue and up the other, always making the stooe cross his point ot return, he will survey all the mo- numents in the ground, and his attention will fre- quently be arrested by epitaphs breathing the efTusions of kindred and friendly tenderness. Amidst a vast multitude of simple gravestones, he will meet with a
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considerable number of elegant monuments in the form of antique tombs, columns, and small temples, variously ornamented. The most remarkable in the grand ave- nue are those of the families of Gaccia and Blomaert, Woidler, Gharri^re and Cruise. The most prominent object in the cemetery is a lofty stone obelisk surmount- ed by a cross, erected to the memory of the duchess de Montmorency. An altar tomb is consecrated to the memory of the w^ife of M. Legouv^, a member of the Institute and author of the poem entitled Le M^riie des Femmes. Near it is a stone bench, on which the poet used to sit and lament his wife, who died in 1009. Legouv^ died in 1813.
On a marble slab, under the shade of a poplar and a cypress, is an epitaph to the memory of St. Lambert, author of the beautiful poem of the Seasons y who died in i8o3. There is also a monument of the celebrated sculptor Pigalle.
The most singular epitaph to be found here is the following: —
J. B. Vert,
Decede a Paris, le 21 Janvier, 1809.
Bon frere, ami sincere.
Toate sa vie fut consacree
Aux arts utiles.
If it be recollected that Messrs. Y^ry, brothers, have been and are still among the most celebrated restau- rateurs of the French capital, tlftre are few who will dispute that M. J. B. Very^s life was usefully employed. The stranger should not fail to visit this cemetery, as, except Fere La Chaise, it is the most picturesque and rich in ornaments. The English visitor's attention, in the course of his perambulations, will frequently be arrested by monumental inscriptions in his native tongue to the memory of his own countrymen.
CEMETERY OF PtlRE LA CHAISE. This tract of ground on the slope of a hill extending ft*om Belleville to Charonne, on the north-east of Paris, was celebrated in the 14th century for the beauty of its
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sitaaitioD ; under Louis XIV as the residence of P^ La Chaise ; during 1 5o years as the country-house of the Je- suits ; and in the present day as the principal cemetery of the French capital. In the earliest ages of the monarchr this spot was called Champa itpSque^ and without doubt belonged to the bishop of Paris. In the i^tli century a wealthy grocer, named Regnault, erected upon the ground a magnificent house, which the people called la Folie Regnault. After the death of Regnault, this mansion was bought by a female devotee and presented to the community of the Jesuits in the rue St-Antoine. It continued to bear its former name till the reign of Louis Xiy, who authorised the Jesuits to call it Mont Louis. That monarch being particularly attached to P^i^ La Chaise, bis confessor, appointed him superior of this establishment in 1765, and Mont Louis then be- came the focus of the Jesuitical power in France. The house was enlarged, and the garden extended and orna- mented with fountains, statues, and an immense variety of shrubs and flowers. Upon the suppression of the order of the Jesuits, Mont Louis was sold by a decree, dated August 3i , 1765, to pay the creditors of the com- munity. It afterwards passed through several hands, and was at length purchased for 160,000 fr. by M. Fro- chot, prefect of the department of the Seine, to be con- verted into a cemetery. It then consisted of 4 2 acres. M. Brongniart was appointed to adapt this spot to its new destination ; and iq^ drawing his plan that skilful architect preserved whatever could be rendered sub- servient to the use or embellishment of tlie new esta- blishment. To render access easy to different points, winding paths were formed, a wide paved road was opened to the spot where the mansion of P^re La Chaise formerly stood, and with the shrubs and fruit ti'ces were mingled cypresses and weeping willows.
The cemetery of Pere La Chaise was consecrated in the beginning of i8o4; s^<l on aistof May, of the same year, the first corpse was buried there. Its present extent is nearly one hundred acres, and it is entirely surrounded by walls. The advantageous situation of this spot, upon the slope of a hill, surrounded by
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Ittxnriaat valleyrs and rising grounds, and conunaod- ing an extensive view of a picturesque and glowing landscape, has occasioned it to be chosen by the roost distinguished personages as the place of their inter* ment ; consequently no Parisian cemetery can vie with that of P^re La Chaise in the number and beauty of its monuments. Some of them, of large dimensions and elegant architectui^, are in the form of temples, sepul- chral. chapels, funeral vaults, pyramids and obelisks ; others present cippi; columns, altars, urns, and tombs of diversified forms variously ornamented; many ave surrounded by enclosures of wood or iron, within which are planted flowers and shrubs ; and near some df them are benches to which kindred and friends re* pair to give vent to feelings of afiection and regret. A subterranean canal, whidb conveyed water to the Mai- son de Mont Louis, still eiists, and furnishes a sufficient supply to keep the plants and herbage in perpetual ver* dure. Some families pay a regular sum to the gar- dener to cultivate the shrubs and flowers upon the graves of their deceased friends.
In this cemetery there are three kinds of graves : i . The fosses eommanes, four feet and a half deep, in which the poor are gratuitously buried in coffins placed close to each other, without any intervening space, but not upon each other. These trendies are re-opened every five years, that term being sufficient for the de* composition of bodies in this clayey soil ; but the ground of each grave may be bought either for six yeai^ or for ever, by £unilies at the time when the trenches are about to be re-opened, in the event of it not being in the line of any road it is in contemplation to form. Application for the purchase of this ground is made at the Bureau desCimeUires, H6tel-<de-YiUe. 2. The temporary graves, which, upon the payment of 5o fr. are held for six years; but at the expiration of that time are rever- tible, notwithstanding that monuments may have been elected over them. These graves may be held for a longer period upon funilies paying 5o fr. every five years ; if this payment be not regularly made, the graves are ixM>penedandthe monuments restored to those who
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erected them . The ffround of teiiqx>rary graves may like- wise be purchased tor ever, in which case a deduction of one of the sums of So fr.paid for its temporary possession is made upon the price . The purchase of te mporary graves is made at the mairie of the arrondissement where the deceased resided ; but for the prolongation of the terra, or the purchase for life, application must be made at the bureau des cimetiires, 5. Perpetual graves^ which are acquired by the purchase of the ^und at ia5 &. per square metre, and in which families may sink vaults and erect monuments at pleasure. The purchase of ground for ever is made on all working days at the bu- reau des cimetiires ; and on Sundays and festivals at the bureau oi the cemetery of P^re La Chaise. Not less than two metres is granted for an adult, and one metre for a child under seven years of age ; but fami- lies may buy any extent they please, and there are some who possess 4O9 So, and 60 metres. In addi- tion to the purchase money, the sum of 18 fr. aS c. is paid for the deed of sale, the stamp and register- ing. The purchaser of ground applies to the iLeeper of the cemetery, who accompanies him to select it io such unoccupied part of the cemetery as he may please. In case a family wishes, upon the death of one of its members, to have a vault or tomb constructed, the body is interred in a temporary grave, for which upon its removal the sum of ag fr. 60 c. is paid, bot such removal cannot take place without special permission of the prefect of police, and can only be carried into execution in the presence of a commissary of police, who draws up minutes theveof .
The cemetery of P^re La Chaise is appn^riated to the interment of the inhabitants of the 5tii, 6th, 7th, 8th, and oth arrondissemens only, except in the case of the purchase of ground for ever, when remains may be brought there from any part of the capital, or even, of the kingdom.
The old barrier has been closed, and a new one, the barrier d'Aulnay, opened immediately opposite to the entrance of the cemetery. It consists of two plain but elegant pavilions, united by an iron railing. The gate
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of the cemetery is in the centre of a semicircular recess. It is ornamented on each side \?ith cippi and funereal ornaments. On the gate is the following inscription : —
8CIO QVOD RKDKMPTOR MIUS TITIT ST IN nOTISSIMO B» DB TERRA SURRBCTORVS SUM. — Job, XIX 25
On the right side : —
QUI CRRDIT IK ME, ETIAM 81 MORTUCS
ruBRiT, TiTET, — John, x' 2&. On the left :—
SPE8 ILLORVM IMMORTALITATS
pLEifAisT,— /iF^ifrfom. ui. 5
The gate leads into a semicircular area, on each side of which is a lodge. The divisions on the right and left of the avenue opposite the entrance present no- thing worth notice, except the tombs of Dieulafoy, a dramatic author; Swebach andCasset, painters; Des- ptat, a professor of the veterinary school of Alfort; Milhomme, a statuary, who executed the statue of Col- bert on the pont Louis XYI; mademoiselle Mazerai, an actress of theTh^tre Franqais ; and M. Boursier, j;rocer, in the rue de la Paix, whose widow was tried for having poisoned him, but acquitted. Taking the road to the right at the extremity of the avenue, a court is passed on the right in which is the porter's lodge. A door to the left of the court leads to the Jews' burial ground. It contains handsome monuments of the arrogant Cal- mer -, Joseph, the money changer in the Palais-Royal, who was robbed and stabbed by Rata and Mala-
giti; madame Lopez, madame Fould, and M. Diaz arvalho. Beyond this spot, on the right, stands the most picturesque and interesting monument in the cemetery, namely, the tomb of Abelard and Heloisa. It consists of a sepulchral chapel of Gothic architecture, formed out of the ruins of the celebrated abbey of the Paraclet, founded by Abelard, and of which Heloisa was the first abbess. Its form is a parallelogram, i4 feet in
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length by 1 1 ia bi^eadth ; and its betgbt is ^4 • ^ steeple, 13 feet in elevation, rises out of the roof, and four smaller steeples, exquisitely scnlptared, terminate the angles. Fourteen colunuis, six feet in height, orna- mented with diversified capitals, support lo arches, and the latter are surmounted by cornices wrought id field flowers. The four pedimentB are decorated vdtb bas-i*eliefs, roses, and medallions of Abelard and He- loisa. The principal one presents two busts, and a bas- relief divided into three paits ; in the centre is Mount Calvary; on the left is Abelard in his monastic habit; and on the right is an angel holding in his arms the soul of Abelard. The opposite one is adorned with two roses, and a bas-relief representing Abelard's fu- neral. The two lateral pediments are ornamented witli roses of beautiful workmanship. In tliis chapel is the tomb built for Abelard, by Peter the Venerable, at the priory of St, -Marcel. He is represented in a recum- bent posture, the head sli^^y inclined and the hands joined. By his side is the statue of Heloisa. The bas- t^liefs round this sarcophagus represent the fathers of the church. At tibe foot ai^ on one side of the tomb are inscriptions ; and at the angles are four short in- scriptions relating to the origin of the monument, its removal, and its erection in Uie Mnsi6e des Monumens Fran9ais, from whence it was transported to the ceme- tery of P^i-e La Chaise.
Near this spot i*epose general. Murray and rear-ad- miral Colbert. Farther on is a fine marble monunient with a medallion of Pierre Louis Serre ; and two gmve- stones, separated by a column and urn, to the memory of monsieur and madame Saladin de Crans, the latter of the Egerton or Bridgewater &miiy . On the side of the avenue opposite the chapel of Abelard and Heloisa, are seen two divisions extending to a house on the leflt oc- cupied by a marble mason. In these divisions the most remarkable moonments are that of a daughter of baron Cuvi^ ; those of monsieur and madame Reveillon, of whom the latter was the first victim of the Revolution in 17B9, when their paper-hangings manu£aictory in the faubourg St.-Anloine was burnt by the populace; tliat
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of a brother of the celebrated president of the chamber of deputies, Royer CoUard ; a lofty altar tomb of Jean Francois Fontaine, marcniis de Cramayel ; and a pedestal with a fine bust of M. Plaisir, the hairdresser ! In the next divisions are interred a M. Schacheres, shoemaker to mademoiselle d'Orleans, who^ epitaph, composed by himself and inscribed on his tomb before his death, is the ne plus ultra of vanity ; the count de Mun ; the duchess de Fleury ; the noble family de Goigny ; the count and countess de Tess^ ; Dr. Tenon of the H6tel- Dien ; professor Petit of the Polytechnic school ; the prince de Monaco, who, in i8ig, drowned himself at the age of 61 years; counsellor Tripier;the Russian princess Gatignie, a Gothic monument; the celebrated medical professor Hall^ ; Delandre, astromoner ; lord Dormer; Langl^, Oriental scholar; Ravrio, a cele- brated bronze manufacturer and author of some fugi- tive poems, who bequeathed 5, 000 fr. to be adjudged to the person who should discover a remedy for the evils suffered by gilders from the use of quicksilver, which prize was sained by Darcet : an elegant monument with the bust of the deceased in a niche; the marchioness de Condorcet, whose husband, secretary of the Academy of sciences, suffered at the Revolution ;*the famous Reg- nault St.-Jean-d'Angely, who died six hours after his return to Paris from banishment; baron Denon, a pe- destal surmounted by a bronze statue of that distm- guished traveller ; the prince de Castelcicala ; president Agier; the duke de Laval-Montmorency ; madame Graux, a handsome mausoleum; M. Gareau, a superb monument of white marble, with a statue of madame G., weeping at her' husband's tomb; M. Ravennel, a tomb of a singular form resting on four stone balls ; the duchess de Castries, a handsome monument; young Lallemand, a law-student, killed by a private of the royal guards during a tumult in 1820, when the elec- tion law was under discussion in the chamber of depu- ties : the monument was erected at the expense of the students of the schools of law, medicine, the Fine Arts, and commerce, who upon the anniversary of his death made a point of repairing in a body to the spot where
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his remains wei'e inteiTed, till the annivemrj oC t8a3, when they found ^ndarmes stationed at the gate, who refused them admittance; a son of marshal Mortier, an. obelisk of white marble. The next divisions of this sec- tion comprised between the principal avenues may be called the classic ground of the cemetery. Here are interred : — ^The aeronaut Charles, successor of Montgol- fier ; madame Duli^esnoy, sumamed the tenth muse of the ace, a pedestal surmounted by an um ; the ode- brated chemist Fourcroy, a bust of marble ; Hams, mi- neralogist; Yan-^paendonck, painter of flowers ; Tar- chi, an Italian musician; young Latour^u-Pin; tlie family Saucede, a handsome sepulchral chapel; the countess de Girardin, a handsome monupient with a white marble bust; Jean, and Andre Thouin, gar- deners of the garden of Plants ; Breeaet, the celebrated clock and watch-maker, a bust of bronze; Messier, a distinguished astronomer ; Pamy, author of the Guerre des Dieux and other licentious poems, a pyramid of black marble ; Marie - Joseph Cheniei*, an author ; Bemardin de St. -Pierre, author of Paul and Virginia and other works; Gr^y, the celebrated composer; Sage, founder of the school of mines and the valiiable minera- logical coUeotion*formerly at the mint, but now annexed to that of the garden of Plants ; Garat, a famous vocalist ; Aignan, ti^anslator of Homer; Hurtault, architect, a beautiful cippus of white marble ; Poyet, architect of the facade of the chamber of Deputies ; madame Duga- zon, a popular actress; the celebrated Dehlle, sur- named the French Virgil, a plain tomb of large dimen- sions, surrounded by palisades, and bearing no inscrip- tion but his name ; the family of Mandrou de Vilneuve, a sepulchral chapel ; the marquis de Boufflers, author of several esteemed works, an obelisk surmounted by an urn ; Bellanger, architect of the iron cupola of the Halle-au-Ble; Brongniard, architect of the Exchange; Bervic, a distinguished engraver ; Barbier-du-Bocage and Mentelle, celebrated geographers ; Prevost, inventor of the Panorama, a black marble pyramid; Visconti, a sarcophagus of black granite surmounted by his bust; Ginguend, a distinguished author ; Suard, long secre-
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tary of the Acad^nie frao^aise ; the celebrated Tahua, a plain monument witliout inscription ; Gencault, painter of the shipwreck of the Medusa ; de Marchangy, author of Trisiau ie voyagcuTy etc., a column crowned by a cross of iron; madame Blanchaixi who perished. July 6th, 1 819, by her balloon taking fire, a cippus sur- mounted by a globe in flames ; the celebrated com- poser Mehud, a cippus of white mai^ble decorated with a golden lyi^ and sui^ipounted by an urn ; Dr. BosquiUon, an Egyptian sarcophagus; Persuis and ^icolo, cele- brated cotnposers.
Aftervisiting the above monuments, the visitor should cross the avenue and inspect those on the opposite side, as (atr as tlie second tui'ning, leaving the chapel behind him. Here are intended Valencienne, landscape painter ; Morellet, translator of Mrs. Radclifl'e*s works ; madame Gomtat, aiias Pamy, an actress; M, BerthoUe, a temple supported by six columns, beneath which is a funei*eal ui*n; Audinot, director of the Theitre de TAmbigu-Co- mique ; mademoiselle Raucourt, actress of the Th^Atre- Fran^ais, to whose interment in consecrated ground the clergy of St.-Roch offered such violent opposition that it had well nigh occasioned a popular tumult : an altar tomb with her bust wearing the theatrical diadem ; the baron de St.-Just, author of the Cali/e de Bagdad, etc. ; Coi^sse, a popular actor and dii'ector of the Ambigu- Comique; Isabey, a painter; M. Cercoux, a stone cippus surmounted by his bust in bronze; M. Dubouchage, twice a cabinet minister; the baron des Fontaines, once the owner of the ground where the cemetery is formed ; Pichald, author of Ldonidas ; Mazm*ier, the actor ; Dc- saugier, the songster and author of vaudevilles; the family Breuil, an elegant monument surmounted by a cross. In the avenue atone extremity of which is seen tlie chapel, are several handsome sepulchi*al monuments which should not escape attention. At the other extre- mity is a circular roaa with sepulchral chapels of the families Harmand, Souriac, and Mallet, the latter sur- mounted by a fine marble group of the Virgin and infant Jesus ; here also are interred the duke de Frias, a grandee p( Spain, who died in exile j Dr. Pincl. a bust in brpnzci
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Dr. Percy, a white marble pyramid; M. le bailli de Crussol, a superb monument ; the hmiiy of Duraiid, a gothic chapel; Dr. Beclaixi, a pedestal sarmonnted b^ his bust in bronze ; professor Morean de la Sarthe, a column crowned by an urn; M. Thierry, a temple d stone suppoited by 8 columns in which the satcopthagiis if placed; Valentin Haiiy, who tau^tthe blind to reiid b} means of characters in wood ; Gaspard Monge, professoi of the Polytechnic school, a handsome sepulcfajral chape) ' surmounted by a temple with his bast in marble, erected by his pupils ; madame Guizot, an elegant writer ; and Chaussier, a bust in marble. Continuing along the prin- cipal avenue branching off from the circular road, we see on the right and left the monuments of the fainih of Hennecart; madame Gail, the authoress, a faandsoBK white marble monument; M. Gail, her husband, a column of veined marble crowned with a black un,* Dr. Mazeret, a column of marble covered with iyjvA entwined by a serpent which drinks from a cap ^ the summit; Dr. Ghanvot de Beanchene, physician to Louis XVin and Charles X ; the princess Stephanie de Bourbon-Conti ; Lab6doydre, the unfortunate officer, who, forgetting his duty to the king, was the first to join Napoleon when he advanced to Grenoble, after having landed in France from the isle of Elba, in i8i5 ; the \adv of general Bertrand ; and the duke and duchess de Yalmy, tombs of black marble. Alons this avenue, and on tlic summit of the hill to which it leads, are seen sepulchnl chapels of the following families, some of which are truly superb : — ^LemoineVuillier ; Hadengue, Regnault, ; and Lafontaine; Bance; Goupy; Leroux; Coutancean; Lemoine ; Poittevin, Millot and Brailion ; Laffitle ; Renet ; Guillaume; Maucune; Lanjuinais; Granger and Roche; Toulouse; Bidaux; Delaroa andBidaux; Maodouald: Otto ; Frochot ; Cabany ; Teissier ; Desfammes ; Vinchon ; J Barry; de TEspine; Bezouin; Boscary; Guesnier; Nast | and Benr; Vigier; Galot; Meunier; Ribot; Pterregaux; Fr^re; Hibon; Lefebvre; Rebut and Feyerick; Turpin; j Clarmont; Hubbard; Huin; Polissard; Houdaille; and] Marescot. The other monuments to be noticed in tt» | avenue and the ground contiguous are those of marshal
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Kellermann ; Ganlttinccmrt, duke de Yicenze, a column of white marble ; Dr. Heurteloup ; Panckoucqne, the friend of Bafibn ; the duchess de Bassano ; mademoiselle Goupy, a column on a pedestal of white marble emiched with nne sculpture; mademoiselle Georgina Mars, sister of the celebrated actress ; Mounier, a member of the Constituent A Aembly, a sarcophagus of white marble. From this point, in a vast tract of ground recently an- nexed to the cemetery, are seen two immense sepulchral chapels, one of which is that of marahal Lauriston ; and several other handsome monuments. Continuing along the avenue, are seen the monuments of madame Brezin, a tomb of large dimensions ; Elisabeth Mauclere, abbess of Fontrevault, a cippus in stone, surmounted by a cross ; general Boyer; the marouis deFontanes, a cippus of black marble; the English general Barrow; Martin d'Andr^, president of the Constituent Assembly ; and the family Tmbert, a tomb of large dimensions.
The hill at the top of this avenue is the most interesting part of the cemetery. Here on the right and left are monuments of general d'Abadie, a granite pyramid; Miot de Melito, who was mortally wounded at Waterloo ; Collin deSussy, minister of commerce; the celebrated Volney, a pyramid; Chagot Defays, proprietor of the iron works at Ci*euzot, a magnificent monument of cast iron ; de Tnrgy , a monument erected by the dauphiness ; the count de Grave, minister of Louis XYI; count De- jean ; the duke Decr6s, minister of the marine, who was blown up in his bed by gunpowder placed there by a servant, a monument of large dimensions, handsome architecture and sculpture: two bas-reliefe represent naval actions in which he was engaged with the English ; marshal Serrurier ; the duchess de Mazarin ; the lady of
general Thiebault, an elegant sarcophagus; the count e la Martillidre, a sarcophagus surrounded by small cannon ; la Reveill^re Lepeaux, a noted character at the Revolution ; the count de Bourcke, Danish ambassador, an elegant monument with a bas-relief representing the countess de Bourcke bewailing the loss of her husband ; Hu^, the faithful attendant of Louis XVI; the abb^ Sicard, director of the Deaf and Dumb School; the arch-
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dianoellor Gambac^i^, an elegant monometit; Rabant- Pommier and Mestezart, protestant ministers ; the latter a tomb in the form of a cottage ; the cdebrated madame Gottin; marshal de Beumonville, a pedestal of black marble; M. de Walstertofi', Danish ambassador, a hand- some tomb with an elegant basnnelief ; the family of Boode, a temple of large dimensions; #u:t>nde Beau- marchais, the author ; marahal Davoust, prince d'Eck- muhl, a pyramid of granite; marshal Lefivre, a magni- ficent sarcophagus of white marble, with two figm<e$ of fame crowning the bust of the marshal in relief, a serpent, the emblem of immortality, encircling his sword, and the inscriptions — Soldat, mariclud^ due de DanUick, pair de France, — Fleurus, At^ant-^Gardey Passage du Rkin, Altenkirkeny Dantzick, Montmirail; marshal Massena, prince d'Essiing, a pyramid of white marble, ai feet in height, a portrait of the marshal in bas-relief, and the inscription — RiiH>U^ Zurich, Genes^ EssUng; marshal Suchet, duke d'Albufera, a lofty altar tomb of beautiful white marble richly ornamented witb bas-reliefs of fine execution ; general Collaud, a pyramid of black marble; general Dumuy, an antique tomb of black marble ; the Russian countess Demidoff, a most beautiful temple of white marble, the attic supported by 10 columns, in the midst of which is seen a tomb surmounted by a cushion bearing the arms and coronet of the deceased; Manuel, the celebrated orator of the chamber of deputies) Stanislas Girardin, a deputy, a marble tomb decorated with a civic crown; Giitxlet, a celebrated painter, a monument with his bust ; Gossuin, a member of the Constituent Assembly, an elegant monument with a wreath ; general Foy, a superb mo- nument erected by a national subscription, consisting of a massive sepulchral chapel suimounted by a temple in which is seen a statue of the general in the act of ad- dressing the chamber of Deputies; baron Simon, a pedestad of black marble surmounted by an obelisk and an um ; the marquis Dessoles, who upon the formalioQ of the Marti^ac ministry, in i8a^, d^ined the posts of foreign minister and president of^the council, a colomn supporting an urn; the marquis de Bethisy, governor
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CEMETERY OF PERE LA CHAISE. 609
of the Tuileries; madamc Michiels, a mass of rock- work from which rises a column crowned Ly thi^e urns ; the lady of general Gour^ud ; marshal Ney, tlie unfortunate officer, who, upon r^apoleon*8 return from the isle of Elha, swerved from his allegiance to the king, was condemned to death December 6lh, 1 8 1 5, and shot on the following morning— <^a plain monument erected here upon a izrass-plat surrounded by palisades, was removed soon after it& erection, in consequence of the numerous inscriptions wntten upon it with a pencil, which were renewed as soon as effaced ; Guillaume La- grange, a dragoon who perished in tlie deserts of Po- und, a cenotaph with his bust wearing a dragoon's helmet, erected to his memory by his mother ; the count de Goltz, Prussian ambassador; general ^'an- sonty; Dupaty, a distinguished statuary; RoUand, a celebrated statuary, a tomb of white marble with a bas-relief representing the bust of Homer ; madame de Remuzat the authoi^ess; the distinguished sculptor Lecomte ; the marchioness de Beauharnais, sister-in-law of the empress Josephine and mother of madame de Lavalette; Parmentier, to whom France is in a great measure indebted for tlie general cultivation of the po- tatoe, an elegant tomb ornamented with sculpture and supported by four columns, erected to his memory by the apothecaries of the capital ; general VignoUes, a sepuldhral chapel ; Gamille Joi*dan, a deputy, a hand- some sarcophagus ; count Gamier, a marble column ; Dr. Gullerier; the family Greffulhe, a Gothic sepul- chral chapel; M. and madame Robineau, twocippi; the £unily Girardeau, a handsome series of tombhstones ; Marlanno Louis IFrquijo, minister of Spain, a temple of white marble, ornamented, with eight columns, and surmounted by a dome and a cross, having beneath it a pedestal bearing an urn ; the duke de Femand ^iunques, ambassador of Spain ; lady Campbell ; miss Langford ; count Thibaut de Montmorencv ; Quintin Craufiird, a Scotch gentleman, celebrated for his love of the arts, • jiences, and letters, an antique chapel ; ^ascimento, a Portuguese poet ; general Letort ; M. de Varenger, re- ceiTer of the Finances, a sepulchral chapel ; M. Gemon,
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6io cemeteries:
a pyramid 56 feet in height ; Moliire, a sarcoplianig of stone, supported by foar colnnmt and snrmovmtea by a vase ; La Fontaine, a cenotaph, crowned by a fox in black marble, and ornamental with two ba»-relie6 b bronze, one representing the fiable of the ^^foifand the stork ^ and the other the wolf and the iamb; cardinal Lattier de Bayanne ; madame Gnyot, a grand monu- ment, consisting of a cippiis of black marble snniioaiited by a totab in white marble, with bronze ba»*T«lieft; Jean-Louis Lefebvre, a tomb elevated upon four steps, ornamented with deaths* heads in bronze at the aagies and two rows of stars; the celebrated astronomer the marquis de Laplace, a tomb of white marble from whidi rises an obelisk surmounted by an urn, ornamented with a star encircled by palm-branches, and the inscriptions— Mecanique c4Uste — Sjrsteme du Monde^ probabdii^; general d'Arbouville, a sepulchral chapel, having at tfie entrance two pieces of cannon, on which his exploits are inscribed ; general fierckheim ; marshal de Perignoa; an antique tomb, decorated with trophies of anna ; the count de Valence, an elegant monument, omameuted with his armour and the ducal mantle ; Gelerier, a distin- guished architect; madame de St.-Julien, snnHtmed f y Voltaire the papiUon phUosophe ; the oonntess de Coislin ; the countess de la Marcke, illegitimate aialer c€ the king of Prussia, a column of grey marble crowned by au ui*n ; Mrs. Adamson, a lofty pyramid ; the marquis dc Clermont Gallerande, who, on the memorable toth of August, placed himself between Louis XVI and the mob, to defend his sovereign ; the family Gatteaux, a large sepulchral chapel; M. Bellart; genml Maaserano, a Spanish grandee ; the wife of general Menon, aban- doned by her husband, who took the turban, became a leader of the Turks under the name of general Abdallab, embraced the Koran, and married a woman of Damietxa while the deceased was still living.
Continuing along the avenue which he had before quitted, and which runs paralld vnth the wall at the iurthermost side of the cemetery, the visitor will per- ceive monuments of Patrick Keen, Esq., an Irish gen- tleman, who was aissassinated in the roost unprovoked
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CEMETERY OF PERE LA CHAISE. 6l 1
and cowardlj maimer, on the boulevard des Italiens, at Para, in i8i5; general d'Anselme ; lieut.-gen. Ferino; dande dU Pierre, invenieur de Vingdnieux spectacle mdeomtpiC ei piUoresque^d^cddS le i6$eptenibre^ i B 1 4, agi de soixante-quin^e mns : a small grove, in the midst of which rises a wooden cross, paint^ black, with the above inseriptioa; Monsigny, the celd>rated composer; Paliisot, author of iu Dunciade ; Naldi, a celebrated vocalist; Tallien, who after having wielded the destinies of France, died in abject poverty ; the abbe Sabatier de Cabre, who was the first that demanded the convoca- tion of the States-General, in 178^ ; the family Delattre; a stone obelisk, surrounded by eight stone posts joined by an enormous chain ; M. Boulard, upholsterer to the kmg, who undertook a journey to the quarries of Car- rara, to buy the marble for the construction of his tomb.
From this point of the cemetery the Josses communes ^ or trenches, may be surveyed in the distance. The ctnuuEer should then take the cross road leading towards the (^pel. The monuments to be remarked on eaph side are : — the wife of Dr. Michel, a handsome tomb of stone and marble; De S^, the iUostrious defender oi' Louis XVI, an elegant marble pyramid; madame Heim, daughker of the celebrated statuary and wife of the painter of that name, an antique tomb, ornamented with a bas- relief of inimitable execution ; the illustrious painter Da- vid, whose heart only is deposited here, near the remains of his wife, a neat monument, with his porti*ait in bronze ; lennrJoseph Melan, the epitaph presents the only acrostic to be met with in the cemetery; count Jolivet, who bequeathed his whole fortune to the SociM (TEnceu- rugement de V Industrie nationale; and M. Goblet, a tomb surmounted by his bust in bronze.
We have now arrived at the chapel, which is plain and neat, and receives light by a window in the centre of the roof. It is 56 feet in length by 38 in breadth, and its elevation is about 56 feet. It is situated at the extremity of the two principal alleys leading from the fl^te, and is surmounted by a cross in white marble. Prom the level area in front a most enchanting prospect is obtained. The division of the ground situated between
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5ia CEMETBUIBS:
the chapel and the avenue opposite to the entrance of the cemetery, which the visitor left when he proceeded to the tonih of Abelard and Heloisa, presents raonoments of M. Daplantier, who figured under the empire; M. Lenoir Dufresne, a sujierh tomb of grey marble, oiTiamented with bas-reliefs; madame du Fougeret, foundress of the SocUtd de Charity matemelle; Laujon, founder of the lyric society called Soupers de Momta; and madame Bondini, afterwai^s madame Barilli, of the Italian Opera House. In the ground on the ri^^t of the avenue in descending from the chapel, we meet witii no names worthy of being recorded except those of the aM>e GeofFroy, editor of the Journal de ^Empire ; and ad- miral Bruix ; but there, as well as in the ground hdow extending to the wall, are many epitaphs, which in tcilent and tenderness yield to none that are inscribed on bronze or marble.
Among the immense number of persons inten«d in this cemetery are general Komarsvecki ; lieut.-general Champion ; William Thomas Sandifort, esq., major of the Bombay establislunent ; lieut.-col. Richardson Eonr- ley, of the Madras artillery service ; and niilip Astley, esq. , of the Amphitheatre, London. In short, the nom- ber of interesting monuments and inscriptions is so great, that it is impossible to give more than a general idea of them : and ceitainly no stranger should leave Paris without having visited the cemetery of Pfcre Li Chaise.
In 181 4, when the forces of the allied powers ap- proached Paris, formidable batteiies were estahli^ed in the cemetery of P^e La Chaise, because it commands the vast plain extending to Vincennes. The walls were pierced with loop-holes. The pupils of the school of Alfort occupied this position on the 3oth of March, and successfolly resisted two atUcks of Russian troops sent against them by general Barclay de Tolly. Upon a third attack, however, the Russians made tliemselves masters of the cemetery ; and their possession of the batteries hastened the capture of the viUage of Charoone. Paris having capitulated the same evening, the Russians formed their camp in the cemetery, and cut down many titles for fuel.
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CSMETEaT ou moht-pArkasse. 6i3
In f 8i5, when the combiiied forces of the allies sor- XH>aiided Paris a second time, the Administration of Punerals commanded the interments in the cemetery of P^re La Chaise to he suspended, in order to pevent the exposure of the attendants and workmen to me enemy's bails, which were showered down in that direction. , The ancient horial-ground of Ste.-Gatherine was re- opened, and aU the persons who died during the fort- night previous to the king's return to Paris were there interred.
CEMETERY DE VAUGIRAKD. This cemetery is situated beyond the harrier de Sevres, at tlie entrance of the village of Vaugirard ; and the gate by which it is entered, at No. 7, on the left, is marked by a cross. It is the second cemetery that was opened, and consists of a small plain surrounded by waUs. This being the burial-place of the patients from the Hotel- Dieu, and of the inhabitants of the faubourg St.-Jacques, who are for the most part poor, it possesses few monu- ments worthy of notice. On a plain mural monument (s an inscription to the memory of HjrppoUte Clairon ; and near that celebrated actress lies the well-known writer Jean Francis de la Harpe^ author of Cours de UUiraturej and other works ; HyppoUie Ballet j poisoned oy his professed friend, Casiaing^ who was executed for the crime, was also buried in this cemetery. It is to he regretted that, whilst the other cemeteries of Paris ire kept in.adiJ^^Ue order, that of Vaugirard is so tx>tally neglectedv^lhat the visitor can scarcely make his way ainong'the^giraves, broken grave-atones, and enclo- sures,^ which oH^ifuct hi^:{)as8age at every stq>. ^ . .\-^ *.4 11— J — li^i- •
CEMETERY' DU MONT-PARNASSE.
This cemetery, whic)iwrs*'opened on the aSth of July, :8a{) is situated near the barrier du Mont-Parnasse, in the midst of tlie plaine de Mont-Rouge. Its extent is jM)ut 3o square acres, and it is surrounded with a lofty vail. The entrance is by the boiileyard du Mont-Par- uasse, and consists of two plain pavilions. The capitals
5-2
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6l4 CEMETEBIBS:
of the piers upon which the gates arc hung are in the form of tombs, ornamented with funei^eal emhlems. In the centre is a circular road planted witii trees, fh>m which four roads, also planted with trees, branch 6ff in opposite directions. The cemetery, moreover, is inter- sected by other walks and paths in straight lines. From the recent date of this burial-sromid, the nnmber of ^elegant monuments is bnt small. The following ate those most entitled to notice: — Alexandre Desenne, i distinguished artist, a lofty tomb of white marble, sur- mounted by a bust of the deceased in bronze ; Deseine a celebrated statuary ; Francois Bolard, a pyramid of marble crowned with an urn,* and on each side a pedestal with an urn ; the maixjuis d' Aguesseau, the last of that illustrious family ; the duchess de Gesrreff, the last of the family of the conn^table Duguesclin, a handsome tomb, surmounted by a cross; the count de Montmo- rency Laval, a beautiful monument, crowned \\ith « cross and an urn; the countess Clement de Ris, an elegant tomb of white marble; the baron Duping two line marble columns, each surmounted by an urn, erected by the pupils of the Polytechnic Slchool to the memory of two of their comrades ; the baron de Hooke, a neat obelisk ; FredMc du Petit-Mere, a dramatic author ; an elegant tomb erected by the oompanj of sapmrs- pompiers, to the mebiory of one of their comrades named Maret, who perished at the burning of the Thdktre de rAmbigu-Comique, in July, 1837; ^- Jot"lot, an ai^ cade with inscriptions on the two colnnms that support the pediment; and the abb^ de Fontanii, a handtome • stone tomb, smmonnted by an um. In tiiis cemetery, as well as in tlic others, there are some striking epitaphs^ but many will be met with that are only remarkable for their absui^dity.
CEMETERY DE STE.-CATHERINE, . ^.
This cemetery, situated in tlie roe des FraHcA^JBinirgtoiSf
opposite the extremity of the rue des iio«l^»jSt.<.Mareel^
within the walls of Paris, is contiguous«(Jlflmriatt»grotind
named ameiiire de Clamart^ whicfo ll«9(an|)^i^es^ 4tf
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CEM£TERY DE STH.-CATHEftlAE. 6l5
1 7g3 . This quarter being occupied by the working and indigent classes, the cemetery presents fewer monuments wormy of notice than any other of the capital. The most remarkable is an oblong tomb, elevated upon three steps, surmounted by a helmet and other military em- blems. On the front is the following inscription — Id reposent les cendres de Charles Picnegru, gSndral en chefdes armies Jrangaises . N^ d Jrbois, ddpartemeni ' duJurUy le i^flvrier^ 1760 ; mortd Paris, le 5 avril, i8o4- EUsfS par la piM Jiliale. Upon the right of the tomb is inscribed — La prendkre pierre a did posde le 'Si octobre, i8i5, par Elisabeth Pichegru. Thus, in an obscure comer, under a tomb scarcely known, reposes the conqueror of Holland — ^he who first accus- tomed the French to those splendid victories which afterwards raised to so high a pitch their military glory. The circumstances of the death of Pichegru are too well known to need repeating here.
Since i8i5, interments have been discontinued in this cemetery. To visit it, apply to M. Belfort, No. 34, rac des Foss^'St. -Marcel.
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taenreB iMyona tae Bamer are noi regi ii^^ "
A-lthough ihe/iites of tlie towns or villages arc ^
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LIGNANI '>
I
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EM7
ENVIRONS OF PARIS.
pABU, having been for so many ages the capital of France, and the principal residence of its sovereigns, its environs may natorallj be expected to abound with palaces, magnificent mansions, churches, and castles, i-emarkaUe lor the grandeur or elegance of their archi- tecture, as well as for their splendid collections of sculp- ture, painting, and other productions of the fine arts. Sach monuments exist; ana though some, particularly sacred edifices, were ravaged or destroyed during the Bevoltttion, there still remain a sufficient number to attract and repay the attention of the tourist. To these monuments and works of art, must be added the natural beauties of the country; the picturesque banks of the Blame and the Seine; and the vineyards, gardens, woods, and forests which surround the capital.
This work, however, beins; rather intended for the passing traveller, than the professed topographer or an- ti(piary, it is considered necessary only to indicate such town, village or hamlet, as has something striking to recommend it to notice.
The distances of each place from Paris are measured from the church of Notre-Dame.
To the principal towns in the environs diligences run, which have offices where passenjs;ers may be booked for almost any hour, and minor vehicles may be had at dif- ferent public stations.
For places to which there is no stage or public con- veyance, the best plan is to take a cabriolet or fiacre ( but to prevent any subsequent dispute, the ti'aveller should make a bargain by ^e hour and name the place, as the fares beyond the barrier are not regulated by law.
Although ^eJXtes of the towns or villages are spe-
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6l8 ENVIRONS OF PARIS:
cified iu ^describing them, a table is added to the Envi- rons ; in which they are arran^|ed in the order of the luontiis, with the barriers leading to them.
iLLFORT.
This village, situated two leagues south-east of Paris, at tlie confluence of the Seine and the Mame, and at the point where the two high roads of Champagne and fiurgundj meet, is celebrajted for a royal veterinary school estaUifihed in the buiidio^ of aa aacien]: eastle, which within a few years have undjergcwe gceait altera- tions and improvements, ft was founded by fiooiv gelat, in 1766, and is famous not only for its -distin- guished pupils, but also for illustrious persons, sodi as Vicq d'Aisyr, Daubenton, Fourcroy, etc., who have been professors in it. This establishmeat possesses a chapel which also seinres the inhabitants of AUort for a place of worship \ a library of domestic zooio^, a cabinet of comparative anatomy, and anodier of pathology, which are open to the public. There are also a bdta- nical j^rden ; hospitals (br sick anunals; a laboi*atory for chemistry and natural philosophy; a pharmacy; ground for the cultivation of forage; a school of practical acrt- cnkui^ ; a flock of sheep for experiments on the crossing of breeds and the improvem^it of wool; a flock df Thibet goats ; a herd of foreign swine, and an amphi- theatre, where lectuiies are delivered npon veterinary medicine and rural economy ; besides farriers' shops, buildings for experiments, and a beerhouse. Stallions from the stud of Pin are conducted here in the spring.
There u a similar institution at Lyons, for the south of France. The pupils from the north of France are admitted at Alfort upon the authorisation of the minister of the interior, either as boarders at 36o fr. a year, as gratuitous pupils, or on pa3^ng half the diar^e for boai*ders. The minister of war has 4o pupils in the school destined for veterinary service in the cavalry. They are i^eceived from the age of sixteen to twenty-five. The doratiou of the studies is four years. They must all be able to read and write, and understand aritlimetic,
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AMTONT— A11GU£1L. 619
gi'aou9)ai*, aiad amilib*^ work. The number of pupils received is &?ied at 3oo. AaimaJs that i^equixe treat- meyit are adjoitted at a charge of 5o sous a day for a horse and 1 2 sous foi* a do^. If theii* owners ase })oor, the only charge made is for their keep. In case of murrain among cattle, some of the pupils, 01* even professors, ^e .sent to ti^at them.
In 181 4^ wb^n 4^« allied troops thr^eaXened Paris, the veterinary school and bridge of Charenton were defended by the pupils, some of whom wei^ wounded. In i S'iS, a bridge was built at Alfort^ at the point called la bossc de la Jdatnt. Conveyances: — 20, rue des Tom*neUes.
ANTONY,
A village two leagues and a half south of Paris, con- sists principally of arable land, vineyards, and meadows. Thechi]r<^ possesses a beauti^x:boir, andai^emarkably fMije steeple crowned by a pyramid, which is supposed to li^ve \fefsfk built in the fixuiteenth century. At An> tony thei?e i^ ^ <(omiderable manufactory of wax candles, and many pretty €p|i«try houses. Feie^ second Sunday in M^y. ConveAranoep <-^36, rue Mazarine, and place St.-Miebri.
ABCUEIL.
The name of this place, situated 3/4 of a league north- west of the barrier of the same name, is derived from the arches of the aqueduct, constinicted by the Romans.'' The inhabitants are piancipally employed in working numerous stone quarries, and pits of plastic clay used for the fabrication of fine ware. It contains nursery grounds and an establishment for dressing wool.
The church is of the age of St.-Louis, and is remark- able for the delicate sculpture of its gothic porch, and for the interior galleries, particularly Uiose of ilie choir. The area opposite the porch is planted with trees, and at the extremity is a plain but elegant building occupied as a school upon the Lancasterian plan. The country
* See Aqvcdix d'Aacveil, page 331.
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630 ENTIHOIfS OF PARIS:
round Arcaeil is pleating and hl^j {jlctarewjiie; H aboonds with neat country houses, amongst ^rbich are those in which Bertholet and the celebrated de Laplace resided. Arcueil is remarkable for having been the resi- dence of Godelle, a poet of the i6th century, at yvhoat house the first tragedies written in the Frendi language were acted *, and as the seat of the learned society fonneii in 1807 under the title ofSociM ^ArcueU^ for makiDf chemical experiments. In tlie plain between Arcoeu and Montrouge, the king of Prussia reviewed his aniij on the 2oth of September, i8i5. Madder, the ndm iinctorum^ ete., grows in the environs. F^te, Sonda? after St. -Denis's day (October oth). Conveyances >^ No. I, rue du Pont4e-Lodi, and place St.-Michel.
ARGENTEUIL. This large village containing 5,ooo inhabitants, about two leagues and a half norm of Paris, is pleasandj situated on the Seine, over which there is a bridge; There was formerly a priory here, founded in 656, to which the unfortunate Eloisa retired in i lao, till the Ft raclet was pt^paredforherbyAbelard; andthevilbge was once strongly fortified ; remains of the fortifications may still be seen. The environs of ArgenteuU are mostlj covered by vines; there are many quarries of gypsum, which are a source of wealth to the surrounding oountrr. Argenteuil is noted for its figs and asparagus. A Uooajr battle was fought here between the French and the allied troops, June ad, i8i5. Conveyances: — ^No. 18, rue de Rohan.
ARNOUVILLE. Four leagues north of Paris, on the river Crould. The chateau, built about the year 1757, displays good tsste and a love of the Fine Arts \ the park, which consists of three hundred acres, is beautifoUy diversified widi groves, lawns, cascades, and sheets of water. The vii- lage is regular, well built, and planted witli trees. All the streets meet in a spacious lawn, ornamented with a fountain. It contains a manufactory of machines Ibr
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▲SNIEBE»-«1)R-8BZNB, ETC. 6a I
spinning. Louis XYIII passed three days in the cha- teau of Arnouville previous to his entry into Paris, on the 8th of July, 181 5; and here it was diat he drew up his oelehrated Charter. Conveyances, 5i, rue du Fau- bourg-St.-Denis. .,...._^_
ASNIERES-SUR^EINE.
This pretty village is situated on the banks of the Seine, at i>/a league from Paris. In front of the chateau, which was built by Mansard, is a small island divided into two parts by a branch of the river. Tlie Seine is crossed at this point by a ferry. The French troops being cantoned at Asni^res on July 3d, 18 15, they sunk all the boats on the river, upon the approach of the allied forces. Conveyances :-— 96, i*ue Blontmartre, and 9, rue Notre-Dame-des-Yictoires.
AULNAY-LES-BONDY
Lies in a plain S «/a leagues north east of Paris. It possesses a chateau, the park of which is planted with taste and presents a fine collection of all the trees na- turalized m France. One fumer here has a fine flock of Merino sheep. Conveyances:-— 12, roe Ste-Apol- hue, and 254, rue St.-Martin.
AUTEUIL,
About a league to the west of Paris, on the road to Versailles, is pleasantly situated at the enti*ance of the bois de Boulogne. It is famous for having been the fa- vourite retreat of Boileau, Moli^re, Racine, Lafontaine, la Chapelle, fl'anklin, Helvetius, Cabanis, Condorcet, Count Rumford, and other eminent men. It contains a number of handsome villas, The church was built in the beginning of the 17th century, except the porch and the tower, vvnich are more ancient. Opposite the porch is a monument, consisting of a pyramid surmounted by a globe and cross gilt, erected to the memory of chan- cellor d'Aguesseau, who died at Auteuil, in 1751 . This village possesses a public fountain, a mineral spring and an establishment of baths. During the fine season, this
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62a BKVI&OHS OF PARIS:
neig^ibourhood is ealivened by JsaUs given beneath the trees, near the porta de Paasy, wfaicb lune the retort of good company. F^ie^ i5th of August, and Sunday tollowing. Conveyances c— -No. 8« me de Yalois-Batave ; No. 8, bis, nie Duphot; and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
BAGATELLE,
A small but elegant country seat in the bois de Bou- logne, formerly occupied by M. de Charolois, was pur- chased by the Count d'Artois (Charfes X), who re- built it and had the following diaracteristic inscription placed over the entrance : — Parva, sed apta. Its si- tuation and the landscape around it are admirable ; and seldom has so much convenience, simplicity, and ele- gance been combined. During the Revolution, it was occupied by a restaurateur. It was afterwards inha- bited by Eugene Beauharnais. Upon the restoration, 'the Count d' Artois presented Basatelle to his late Royil Highness the duke of BeiTy; ana it now beloncs to die duke of Bordeaux, who, as well as MademoiscdUe, goes thitlier almost every day to receive his lessons. During the fine season, entertainments are given here Irom time to time, by the young prince to juvenile parties. The mansion consists of a court, a second court called cour dhonneur, a square pavilion with a semi-circular front towards tlie garden, and a pile of building for servants. In the front of this pile are twelve statues in niches. The entrance of the pavilion is adorned with fine statues of Hebe and Bacchus. The apai*tments on the ground floor arc a vestibule, a billiai^room, # round saloon, with a cabinet or boudoir on each side) and a dining- room.
In the vestibule, is a fine marble bust of the duke of Angoul^me, by Dm^and ; under it is the following extract of the letter written by the prince, when a prisoner in the south of France, in 1 8 1 J.
'-^ Me voM icij etUi^rememt r^sigmd d imii/et bien occuD^ de (out ce qui niest cher. Je demanded fcx^ge que U Sot ne c^de sur rien pour me nwoir. Je ne crains
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BAGATELLE. SuS
^i la mart m la prison^ js suis pi^t d taui^ et 0ut ee i/ue Dieu nCehverrasera hien regu>
"Loois Amtoimb. *^ Pa¥U-^.-Ssprit^ lo^ml, i8i5."
The saloon is hung with bhie damask, and ornaments imitating gold. It contains some fine mirrors, and an elegant cradle, presented to the duchess of Berry by the Dames de la HaUe of Bordeaux ; it is in the form of Noah's Ark, and is surmounted by a dove. Here also is a mahogany fort ornamented with the royal arms at the four angles. Upon the platform are models, upon a small scale, of pieces of artillery. The dining-room contains an eagle, shot by the late duke of Berry in the forest of Foatamebleaa, on the 27th of November, 1 8 1 7 .
The upper storey contains, to the right of the stair* case, the apartments of the late duke of Berry, consisting of an ante-chamber, in which is a fine drawins of the cuirassiers of the duke's regiment; a scycona ante^ chamber, containing v&rious views of Bagatelle and its gardens ; a boudoir hung with lilac silk, and golden borders, and containhig a smaU bust of Louis XYII, the late duke*s bed-room hung with striped green and white silk, and the ceiiine hung with the same in the form of a tent ; and the bed-room of the lateduke's prin- cipal vaht'de-^jhambre. The duchess's apartments consist of an ante-chamber ; a second ante-chamber, hung with r^ damask and yellow borders; a boudoir, hung with watered blue silk, with silver borders. The bed-room is hung with yellow silk and lilac borders.
These rooms are small and low, neatly fitted up, but not in the lunuriant style as when occupied by the Count d'Artois.
The grounds present a fine bowlitig green, a canal, a grotto, an artificial hiU, from the top m which there is a view of Neuilly, Sevres, St.-Cloud, and Mont Valerien or Caivaire; an ice-house, a second grotto, a rock crowned with a Gothic pavilion, a hiU from which water falls in a cascade, a hermitage, a cottage,, and a pheasant ry.
Behind the pavilion is a channing garden, and at its
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extremitj on the right is a marhle statue oC MerciuT ; and on the left a statue of Venus : to the right of the latter are swings, and other amusements. The grounds are adorned with marhle statues and husts ; and an obelisk with hieroglyphics.
Bagatelle was built by B^langer, in consequence of a heavy wager between the Count d*Artois (Charles X} and another royal personage, arising from a remark of the latter, when they were nunting m the bois de Bou- logne, that there ought to be some contiguous place of repose after the fatigues of the chase. The bet was that the house could not be erected in sixty days ; it was finished in fifty eight.
This mansion can only be seen by tickets to be had by letter addressed to M. Is seaiiaire des com- mandemens deS. A, R. Madame la duchesse de Berry ^ paiais de PEljrs^e-Bourbon.
BAGNEUX,
One of the most ancient villages in the vicinity of Paris, situated on an eminence 1 i/i league to the south of the capital, abounds with country houses . The church, built in the i3th century, resembles Notre-Dame upon a small scale. The interior is much admired. The sculpture of the porch represents God the Father accompanied by four angels, each holding a candlestick. Conveyances:— 55f rue Mazarine, and 3, rue du Pont- de-Lodi.
BAGNOLET. This village, one league to the east of Paris by the Pantin road, formerly possessed a chateau with a park belonging to the duke of Orleans, regent of France. The estate was sold by his son, and the park divided into lots. Bagnolet produces a great quantity of fruit, and is celebrated for peaches, and pits of clay suitable for the manufactory ot the finest porcelain. Feie^ the first Sun- day of September. Conveyances : — 247, rue St.-Martin, and 1 3, rue Jean- Jacques-Rousseau.
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BELLEVILLE — BELLBVVB — BERCT. 6^5
BELLEVILLE,
Sitoated at the extremity of the faubourg du Temple^ commands a fine view of Paris. The side of the hill is covered with neat country-houses and a great number of gumguettes, with bowers and shady walks, where a multitude of Parisians, of the lower classes, assemble on Sundays and holidays. In the low ground are many lime pits. In the church, built in the 17th century, the celebrated poet Favart, author of several comic operas, mras interred. Between Belleville and the walls of Paris, is the public garden called Jardin des Montagnesfran-' caises (see pace 56'j). At Belleville and the adjacent heights, a battle was fought on the 5oth of March, 1 8 1 4* between the French and the allied army, who the next day took possession of Paris. Strangers should cer- tainly visit the heights of Belleville. Fete^ June a4th, and the Sunday foUowii\g. Conveyances : — ^55, place du Gaire; ao, rue Jean-Jacques-Rousseau; plaoe de Gr^ve ; and plaoe des Petits-P^res.
BELLEVUE. A village two leagues west of Paris, on the hill leading to Meudon from S^^vres, delightfidly situated and newly constructed, much in the English style. From the terrace, the view of Paris and the sinuosi- ties of the Seine for several leagues, .is enchanting. Upon this spot formerly existea a palace, built by Madame de Pompadour, which being bought by Louis XV, remained in possession of the royal family till j ^he Revolution, when it was converted into barracks, apd has since been demolished. Here is one of the best ■ conducted beds champetres in the neighbourhood of I the capital. F^te^ August i5th, and the Sunday foUow- jing. Conveyances:—-^, rue de Rohan ; 1 and 4, rue de Hivoli ; 37, rue Dauphine.
BERGY, Is situated half a league from Paris on tlie Seine, with aBne chateau after the designs of Mansard, a park of 5oo
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acres and a magnilicent terrace along the river. At this village, a considerable part of the wine from Champagne and Burgundy, brandy, vinegar and oil, for the supply of tlie capital is landed, arriving from the interior by canals which meet at the junction of the Seine and the Mame, at a short distance. The warehouses here are very extensive, and indicate wealth and commerce. Fete^ first Sunday after September 8. Conveyances >— place de rHdtel-de-Yille, and place du Louvre.
BIG^TRE.
A hamlet one league from Paris, situated on a hiU which commands a fine view of the capital, the windings of the Seine and numerous villages. Its name is derived from a chateau, built in the i3th century, by John, bi- shop of Winchester, which took the name of Chdleau de ff^inchestre, corrupted to Bices tre, Bic^tre.*
The ground between Bicetre and Arcueil is full of stone-quarries , particularly near Gentilljr . Conveyances : — 29, quai de la CM.
BONDY,
A village three leagues firom Paris, on tlie road lo Meaux, is remarkable for its forest, formerly the haunt of robbers and assassins. The canal de TCfurcq passes through it. The emperor of Russia and the king of Prussia established their head-quarters here, where the capitulation of Paris was signed by them on the 3oth of March, 1814, and the next day they made tlieir entry into the capital. Conveyances : — ^ijy rue St. -Martin; 1 2, rue Ste.-Apolline ; and 5o, rue du faubourg St.-Denis.
BOURG-LA-REINE,
In a valley two leagues to the south of Paris, is tra- versed by the high road to Orleans. During the Revo- lution it was called Bourg-J&galUd, There is a house here, with an extensive park, built by Henry IV for
• See HoA»ic« nil Bicistrs, page 369.
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BUG — BUTTE ST.-CHAVMONT-—CUAJf TILLY. 627
Gabrielle d'Estr^, and a room riiown is said to be ia the same state as when she occupied it. Here Lotus XV received the infanta of Spain, in i'j^2. It is now a ladies' school. The cattle market, called marchi de SceauXj for the butchers of the capital, is held every Monday, on the high-road at Bourg-la-Reine. Convey- ances : — 1, impasse Conti, and 10, place St.-Michel.
BUG, A village four leagues and a half south-west of Pains, is remarkable for tlie noble aqueduct erected by Louis XIV, which conveys water to Versailles, from which it is half a league distant: it is supported by 19 arches. Near this place is the source of the J^ieire.— 'Convey- ances : — 6, rue de Rohan.
BUTTE ST.^GHAUMONT. This name is given to a sort of cape, or lofty vertical escarpment {buite)^ between Belleville and Pantin. Gypsum being daily taken from this eminence, a lai^ge cavity is formed, which, being lighted on one side by the day, and on the other by the torches of the work- men, presents a curious and interesting appearance. The shortest way to this extraordinary cavity is by the barrier du Combat.*
CHANTILLY,
A village i o leagues to tlie north of Paris, is celebrated as the residence of the illustrious house of Conde. In the beginning of the i ath century, Guy de Senlis, grand- butler of France under Louis le Gros, possessed a castle
* The biut« St.-Chaumont is the highest frround in the imme- diate vicioily of PariB, being 429 French feet above the level of the sea, ^whereas the heights of Montmartre are only 408. Host magnificent views of Paris are obtained from both these points, as well as from the high ground of Pere La Chaise, the towers of Notre-Dame, the dome of tlie church of Stc.-Genc\ieve, the column of the place Vendomc, the labyrinth of the garden of PljtnU, and the heights of Chaillot, opposiU the pont de rEcole-militaire.
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and extensive grounds at Cbantilly, i/vhich, upon the de Senlis family becoming extinct, in the early part of the 1 5th centui*y, passed into the family d'Oimesson. The grandson of Pierre d*Ormesson, chancellor of France under Charles YE, being without male issue, gave this estate, in 1 4^4,1 ^o his nephew Guillanme de Montmo- rency, who rebuilt the castle. When the duke de Mont- morency was beheaded at Toulouse, on the 5oth of Octo- ber,, 165a, Cbantilly was confiscated and annexed to the domains of the crown. In i653, Louis XIII gave it to the princess de Cond^, sister of the duke de Mont- morency, for her life. This estate, having reverted to the crown at the death of that princess, Marie de M^ dicis granted the life enjoyment of it to the prince de Conde, to whom, in 1661, Louis XIY gave it in full property. Here the inheiitors of that title continued to live in princely style till the Revolution, when^the principal building forming the palace was demolished, and the gardens, and works of art, except such as had been removed and secreted, were destixjyed. The other buildings were converted into a prison, and subse- quently into barracks. Upon the Restoration, in 18 14, the remaining buildings of the chateau of Chantilly were restored to the house of Cond^, and under the late and the present prince, they have been repaired and embellished, but they still fall far short of their ancient splendour.
The principal entrance to the palace is approached by a wide road, called route du Coruidtable^ which leads to an iron railing, and gates with a pavilion on each side ; and from thence to a magnificent terrace and a grand flight of steps, from the summit of which an extensi^'e and enchanting view is obtained. On the left stands the palace called chdteau Bourbon, communicating with the remains of the ancient castle, the only part of which that escaped destruction at the Revolution being the
Sound-floor; this building was flanked with turrets, e basements of which may still be seen. On the right stands the chdteau d^Enghien. The chdteau Bourbon is built upon the moat of the ancient castle, and the exterior is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters. The
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private apartments of the prince, on the ground-floor, are not shown. The visitor first enters the remains of the old boiiding, consisting of a theatre and two im- mense kitchens. From thence, a handsome staircase leads to the chapel, which is richly decorated; the altar, brought from the chateau of Ecouen, presents beautiful sculpture by Jean Goujon. He is then conducted to an elegant dining-room ; a library, containing a great number of new editions with costly bindings ; a fine billiard^room ; a saloon; a Chinese cabinet, painted on wood, by Yateau ; the bed-room of the gi*eat Cond^ ; and the gaierie des Baiailles : this long gallery is parti- cularly interesting on account of the pictures it contains. Upon grand entertainments it is used as a bancpietting- room, In the centre is a table, four feet long and two wide, formed of a single stock of a vine. When the cha- teau of Ecouen was plundered, this table was earned to YersaiUes and preserved. The pictures are 1 1 in num- ber, viz:— I, the battle of Rocroy, in i643; a, the action before Fribourg, in i644; ^) ^^ conquest of Courtray, in 1646 ; and those of Dunkirk and Fumes ; 4, the battle of Norlinguen, in i645 ; 5, the conquest of Aleiers, in 164? ; 6, the battle of Lens, in 1648 ; 7, the blockade of Paris, in 1649; ^^ ^^^ repentance of the great Cond^ — the prince is represented trampling beneath his feet his victoyes over the French, silencing Fame, who is about fo .proclaim them, and ordering her rather to announce his repentance ; in the lower part of the picture appears the Muse of History, treading dovni error, and tearing from the annab of the great Condi's life the pages on which his battles against France are recorded; 9, the conquest of La Franche Comt^, in 1688 ; 10, the passage of the Rhine, in 167a ; II, the battle of Senef, in 1674. All these pictures are by Lecomte, except the repentance^ which was executed by Michel Gomeille, the details of Uie allegorical subject having been suggested by the great Cond^ himself. Upon the breaking out of the Revolution, these valuable pro- ductions were removed from Ghantilly, and concealed in the roofs of the Hdtel-d'es-Invalides and the palace at Yersailles. Beyond the gallery is a music-room. From
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hence a small staircase leads to a saloon on the groood- floor; and a diniag-room, called salle d manger de cha$$e^ in which ajre deposited the antlers of all the stags hunted in the forest of Chantilly since the retiim of the prince, in numher ahout 4oo. The stranger then quits the palace, by a door leading to the gardens.
The chiieau dEHghien was built in the spacse of four months, after the designs of Le Roy. It is a vast edifice of simple architecture, consisting of a ground- iloor and a first-floor, surmounted by a cornice and a balustrade. It [^resents 56 windows in front, and four on eadi side ; and is ascended by four staircases placed at equal distances. The apartments present nothing of particular interest.
In describing the grounds and dependencies of the palace, we shall conduct the visitor by the hue of road generally taken by the cicerone who accompanies him. Upon leaving the chdleau d^Enghien^ he proceeds by the outskirts of tlie pare de Silvie, to tlie trout canal, at the extremity of which was formeily a magnificent cascade. He then crosses a bridge over the c€mal des Mor/ondus and arrives by an iron gate at the hameau (hamlet], an island formed by the canal. Nothing oui be moi^ rural and picturesque tlian this deli^tfuL spot, where rivulets winding and forming waterfidls in all directions murraw* an^ong the trees. The nu- merous bridges of different ^ I5rm8 di^lay exquisite taste, and in the distance the cascade of tlie grand canal bounds the enchanting landscape. At vaiious points are seen mstic buildings covered with thatch; m the centre is an immense green intersected hy paths each of which leads to one of these dwellings. The fii^ object that strikes the attention is a mill set in motion by a waterfall. Neai* it is a cottage, the interior of which foi*ms a strong contrast with its outward appearance ; it contains a handsome saloon with furniture of fawn-K;olour, and an elegant boudoir fitted up with crimson. A second cottage presents a diaing-room, the decoration of which is extremely curious, as ti^ees, the branches of which' are entwined in each o^er, seem to clothe the room with their
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foliage, and form a verdant grove over the table. A third, cottage contains a billiard-roopn» and a fourth a librai^y . Retuming by the bridge over the carml des Morfondusy tlie road leads to the head of the grand canal ; the wateiiall at this spot descends from a height of 1 8 feet and forms five cascades, the upper one i5 leet in breadth and the lowerone 56. The water falls into a spacious basin surrounded by trees. Above the cascade is a large circular basin which receives the waters of the Nonette, and supplies the canal. Near this qjot is a colossal statue of Minerva. From hence is a tine view of the grand canal, which is three quaiters of a league in lengUi by about 86 yards in breadth . The stranger then traverses ihsparcde Sihie^ irregularly planted with trees and shrubs. The pavilion of Sylvia is a small building containing several rooms, and having in front a flower- garden in the centre of virhich is a statue. Near the park wall is a garden of Plants. In his way to return to the chateau ^Enghien^ the visitor passes a small chapel. He then proceeds by the terrace to a circular grass-plat, in the centre of which is a statue of the great Conde. Here the side wall of the grand flight of steps is seen to advantage ; it is ornan«ented with six Tuscan columns, coupled and rusticated \ two niches and two l^ttoes, in wh^ch are placed figures of Naiades and rivers from whose urns water flows into a basin. The other side of the steps is decorat^ in the same style. Beyond the statue of the great Gond^ is the French flower-garden, bounded by the grand canal, a branch of which extends as far as the circular grass*plat. The (garden is ornamented with a row ef 36 beautiful vases m white marble. The next place to be visited is the English garden. The multitude of paths which inter- sect this delightful spot renders it impossible to give any regular description, of it. It is oi*namented with statues, and;coatains'a.large -tennis<x>urt which is ap- proached^by a .subterranean passage ; a rustic lierinir tage with. chairs and tables in the sajl&b style; a Q^Qlhic chapel \ and a kipsk built upon a ro^k.forming several arches, and suspended as it were over, the water ; it is ascended on one side by two light^'beiidges and on the
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Other hj a imaJl staircase ; the -windows are of painted glass, and from the balcony round it an extensive pros- pect is enjoyed. The lie if Amour in the English gar- den is a large and fine gallery in lattice-work constructed in the midst of 'water and surrounded by rose ti^«es. Vases filled with flowers and small figm^es of Cupids, bearing appropriate emblems, decorate the sides. Tliis light and elegant construction has a fine effect. The temple tT Amour, ornamented with eight columns, rises upon rocks covered with moss, from which flovrs a mur- muring rivulet ; it is situated at the extremity of a large meadow beyond the English garden, and a£brds a magnificent view.
The visitor then leaves the bounds of the palace to inspect the stables, situated at the extremity of the village ; the architecture of which is so tnagnificent that they are frequently taken by sti'angers for the palace itself. They were commenced in 1719, after the de- signs of Jean Aubert, and finished in 1735. The front is 576 French feet in length, and is terminated at the extremities by two large pavilions. In the centre is a loftier pavilion adorned with Ionic pilasters; above the entrance, in an arch, is a bas-relief representing three horses in different attitudes. Attached to the stables is an open riding school, formed of porticoes and ornamented with columns and pilasters. In the court yards are several fine fountains. The stabling is 9uificient for ^^0 horses. In front of the stables is an extensive green, called la Pelouse^ where the reservoirs for supplying water to the palace and the villa^ are situated, and where an immense multitude asseinblea when grand hunts take place. The reservoirs are sup- plied by an hydraulic machine at the extremity of Cliantilly. The aviary was formerly an object of at- traction, but although of an elegant construction, it is now scarcely worth a visit, particularly atf it is* situated in the open country at a great distattB§. " '
The forest of Chantilly, wWcli jbihs the park, contains 7,600 acres. In thd iliiidH of it is a circular area called the Table-ronde^;*h%^n which 1 21 roads branch out in differfent directions. It is the rendezvous of hunting
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parties, and here the day of St.-Hubert, the patron of sportsmen, is celebrated. The grand hunt on this day is very numerously attended, and to render it moie public, efforts are made to cause the stag to throw itself into the lakes of Commelle, which are at a shoi't distance. The animal is then brought to the round table, over which an elegant pavilion is erected for the occasion, and is cut up in the presence of the prince and the other sportsmen. The lakes of Commelle, four in number, are worth a visit. Near them is the ckd- teau de la Loge^ a small Gothic structure, said to have been built in laay, by Blanche de Castille, mother of St. '-Louis. It had been totally neglected for several centuries tiiU i8a6, when the prince de Cond^ ordered it to be restored to its pristine beauty as a i^endezvous for the hunt. The furniture of the saloon on the ground floor is all in the Gothic style ■, a table ornamented with sketches in water colours taken on the spot, is universally admired. Behind the saloon is a card- room. A staircase leads to a large I'oom on the first floor, which is hung with striped canvas to resemble a tent. From the foot of the chateau a cascade falls, foi^ming a rivulet that waters an English garden near it.
The village of Ghantilly possesses an hospital and two manufactories, one of printed calicoes, and another of English earthernware. It has also a mineral spring and agood inn. Beyond the grand canal is a village called Vineuil, where there are a number of quarries ; in their deep cavities have been formed habitations, which with their gardens present a most fantastical and picturesque appearance. Conveyances : — ^5, rue du Bouloy, and 5o, rue du faubourg St.-Denis.
CHARENTON. This large village, two leagues from Paris, is situated on the Mame, near its confluence with the Seine. The bridge is ancient, and has always been considered as the key of the capital on that side. On this account it has often been attacked, broken down, and rebuilt. It con-
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sists of ten arches, of which six are of ttone and four of wood. The ktler were cut in xBi4, when the allies appi*oached Paris, and the pupils of the veterinary school of Atfort, who defended the approach to the bridge with gi^at courage, were compelled to yield to numbers. Charenton is celebrated in history for a protestant church, which was built by permission of Henry IV, in 1606, but burnt by the catholics in 1621. It was rebuilt in i6a5, after the designs of Jacques de Brosses, and could contain x5,ooo persons. On the a3d of Oc- tober, 1 685, the edict of Nantes being revoked, the church was razed to the ground, and a convent erected on its site. At Charenton is an asylum for the reception of lunatics whose cases admit a hope of cure.* Here also are the iron works of Manby and Wilson, in w^hich formeiiy few but English workmen were employed. GabrieUe d'Estrto, the beautiful mistress of Henry IV, had a seat near Charenton, which still exists, and is called the Chateau ; it is of brick, and the first house oo the left at the entrance from Paris. Another house equally celebrated is known by the name of S^jour At Roi. Fite, second Sunday in July. Conveyances : — 20, rue des Toumelles; i3, rue Neuve-St.-Paul ; and pboe de la Bastille.
' GHATILLON.
No spot in the environs of Paris commands a more extensive and picturesque view than this village, which is situated upon a lofty hill at one league and a quarter south-west of Paris. It abounds in corn, vines, fruit, and vegetables; the latter, principally cultivated by women, are highly esteemed in the markets of the capital, and prove a source of wealth to tlie inhabitants of Chatillon. The men are principally occupied in the quames, which are numerous, in tlie neighbourhood. The village suffered considerably from being occupied by the Prussians in i8i5. File, the first Sunday after May I St. Conveyances : — 84, rue St .-Geniiain-r Auxer- rois; 59 and 55, rue Mazarine; andS, rue du Pont-de«Lodi .
* See Maisor Royals db CnAaBRToir, page 318.
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CHOISt-LE-ROI. This pretty village, which affords a fine view of the Seine, the Marne and the surrounding country, and resemhles those of England, is situated two leagues and a half from Paris, on the banks of the Seine; over which there is a fine bridge, erected by Louis XV. The sur- rounding country is arable land and nursery grounds. MademoiseUe d'Orl^ans having erected a chateau at Cboisy , after the designs of Mansard, the village assumed the name of Choisy -MademoiseUe, which was changed for ChoisY'le-Roi when Louis XV became possessor of ' the chateau, which he rebuilt and made one of his favou- ' rite habitations. At the Revolution the chateau was demolished, and manufactories of earthenware, sugar, floor-cloth, etc. erected on its site. The pleasure-grounds are now devoted to agriculture. The church of Choisy , built in 1748, is elegant; but the steeple, which is separated from it, is lower than the roof. It was so built on account of the aversion of Louis XV for bells. When rung now they can scarcely be heard. F^to, the Sunday after August aSth, for three days. Con- veyances:— 1, place Dauphine; aO, rue Dauphine; 52, and 54, March^Neuf. I .
CLICHY, Situated at one league from Paris, between Neuilly and St.-Denis, is remarkable for having been the parish of which the philanthropic Vincent de Paule was rector, in 1612.* He built the church at his own expense. At Clichy a palace was built by one of the earliest kings of France. The inhabitants are principally washermen and washerwomen. On the iSth of March, i8i4, a
* Vincent de Paiile having been canonized, bis relied ^were held in veneration for many years previous to the Revolntion, and having been preserved durinfr that stormy p«nod, it wa« resolved to erect a chapel for their reception. This building, situated at No. 95, me de Sevres, was finished m the beginning of 1830, and the relics, deposited in a splendid shnnc of massive Mlver, were translated thither with great pomp. The chapel is handsomely ornamented and highly worthy of the stranger s visit.
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portion of the French ti*oops under marshal MoDcey were preparing for resistance, when the signature of an armistice was announced. A dependence of Clichy, designated les BatignoUes^ was created an independent parish in 1829. Conveyances :— 96, rue Montmartre; and to the ban^^re de Glichy, les BaiignoUaiseSy doitre St.-Honor^.
GOLOMBES,
A village two leagues north-west of Paris, is remark- able for being the place where Henrietta, daughter of Henry lY, and wiie of Charles I of England, died in 1669. The surrounding country is exti*emely fertile. Conveyances :— 9, rue Notre-Dame-des-Yictoires ; i5, nie de Rohan ; and place Louis XYI, at the foot of the bridge.
COMPIEGNE. This town, about 17 leagues north-east of Paris is situated near the confluence of the Oise and the Aisne, upon the Flanders road, and possesses a palace which u pleasandy situated between the town and the forest. The exterior is elegant, but not magnificent. The apart- ments ai*e splendid, and superbly decorated and fur- nished. It was in ^e palace of Compi^gne that Napo- leon received the archduchess Maria Louisa, and he caused it to be magnificently fitted up for that occa- sion. The grand gallery, erected by him, is above 100 feet in length, forty in breadth, and thirty in height. The roof, which is vaulted, is supported on each side by twenty fluted marble columns, the ' flutings richly gilt. The ceiling is divided into 11 grand compartments, beautifully painted in allegorical figures, representing Napoleon s principal victories ; the names are inscribed above each : as Ecypt, Marengo, Austerlitz, etc., etc. The remainder of the ceiling is filled up with garlands of laurel, eagles grasping thunderbolts, and a profusion of stars and bees, all richly gilt. The effect is vei'y grand and striking. The principal bed-rOom surpasses all the other apartments. Tlie top of the bed is com-
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K>Bed of a ci^own of flowers. The white hangings, or- lamented with gold lace and frinoe, are supported by two gilt statues four feet and a hau high. At the back 3f the bed hangs a Roman silk drapery, on orange ground with gold flowers. There are some fine paintings in the chapel and the other apai-tments. The gardens in front of the palace are agreeably laid out, and an arbour of iron frame work, four thousand eight hundred feet in length, and fourteen feet broad, leads from the steps of the palace to the forest, forming a delightful shady walk in summer. There is also a canal of the same length, on which the princes may proceed in a boat to the first hunting station in the forest. The forest of Compi^gne contains 30,600 acres, and is well laid out in roads and creen alfeys for the purpose of hunting. The kin^ and Uie dauphin frequently go to Compidgne on sporting excursions. This is one of the most ancient possessions of the royal family of France. It is known that Clovis had a seat at Compi^gne, and the property has never been alienated from the crown. It was at the siege of Gompiegne that the maid of Orleans was made prisoner by the English in 1 43o . During the Revolution, the palace was converted into a school; and in 18149 it was attacked by the Prussians, and defended for a long^ time by the French. The town contains about six thousand inhabitants. The best inn is the Lion d'Or. The road is by Serdis and Verberie. The cathedral of Senlis is a fine piece of Gothic architecture, and the steeple is much admired. Conveyances : — 5o, rue du faub. St.-Denis, and 22, rue Nolre-Dame-des-Victoires.
GORBEIL,
I A town seven leagues south of Paris, near the Fontaine- bleau road, was once noted for its ancient monuments. Two water-mills on a grand scale, and several others less I considerable, are constantly at work for the supply of flour to the capital. There are also a large market-place, a vast storehouse for corn, erected during the ministry of the celebrated abb^ Terrai, three tan-yards, and a theatre. Inn :^la belle Image, at wliich hotel board
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and lodging can he had for 80 firancs per month. Con- veyances : — ^passage and rne Dauphine ; Toiirniqnet-St.- Jean, H^tel de la Trinity, near die mtel-de-YiUe.
COUR DE FRANCE.
This hamlet UeflbetweenYillejaif and Essonne, on die Fontainebleau road, four leagues and a half from Paris, and is remarkable in history as the spot where Napoleon first learned that the allies had entered the capital of his empire. He had left his army and reached Sens on the 3oth of March, 181 4> nearly alone. The same night he arrived at the post-houM of Omr-de-Francey in a wretched cabriolet with post horses. In the cp^atest anxiety and impatience he was walking up and down the high-road, when he was met by a general, who informed him of the capitulation of Marmont, and the occupation of Paris by the allies. He returned to the post-house, from whence about an hour after he pro- ceeded to Fontainebleau. Conveyances : — me de Naza- reth 12, rue CroiiL-des-Petit»>Champs ; and r3, cour de la Ste.-Chapelle.
COURBEVOIE Is a village agi*eeably situated on the side of a hill at the extremity of tRebridge of Neuilly, one league and a quarter west of Paris, which contains several handsome country houses, and magnificent barracks built in the reign of Louis XV for tne Swiss regiments, but now occupied by the royal guards. Conveyances: — 18, rue de, Rohan; 8, rue de Valois-Batave ; place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge ; les Omnibus^ place du Carrousel; and les Carolines, place du Louvi*e.
CRETEIL, Two leagues and a quarter south-west of Paris, is a village of great antiquity, nealr the- left bank of the Marne, where the river forms several islands. Ci'eteil is principally remarkable for abouncHng in fish and game. Conveyances : — t5, rue Neuv^J^J^ul.
EUGUEISi-LES-BAINS. 689
£NGHI£N-LES-BAJiMS.
The village of Eaohien, four leagues north of Paris, is situated upon the banks of ihe lake of St.-Gratien, between the heights of Montmorency and the wood of St.-Oratien. Its origin dates only from 1832. The sulphuric spring, to which it owes its celebrity as a bathing-place, was discovered, in 1766, byP^eC!otte, the learned rector of Montmorency. The celebrated Fourcroy expressed a wish that this salubrious spring sbould be rendered subservient to useful purposes, which probably gave rise to the construction of the village. The following is the result of his analyzation of the water.
Fifty litres of water weighing fifty kilogrammes con- tain about >—
13 litres 872 miUigrs. of sulphuric hydrogen gas 4 462
Carbonic acid gas 9 827
Sulphate of lime 17 687
Sulphate of magnesia, cristallized 8 392
Carbonate of lime 11 367
Carbonate of magnesia 0 707
Muriate of magnesia cristaUised 4 289
Muriate of soda 1 275
Silice > C quantity
Matter extractive > ( unascertainable.
The magnificent establishment of baths on the boi^ der of the lake is remarkable for its cleanliness and elegance, and affords accommodation eaual to the prin- cipal baths of the capital. The diiet spring, called Source duRoiy rises in the garden. Near it is a square tower with a reservoir to supply water to the bath- rooms. On the summit is a terrace which commands a fine and extensive pix>spect. Lodgings are to be ob- tained here, as at tlie baths of Tivoii, m Paris, and an excellent restaurant has been established for the inmates and visitors.
A second establishment of baths, called Bains de la Picherie, although less happily situated than the for- mer, occupy a delightful spot. The building is plain, and the gardens are agreeable.
A magnificent inn, called HStel-des-Quatre-PaviUons,
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stands on the border of the lake. Its architecture h elecant, and the four fronts are adorned witli statne which produce a fine e£fect. Upon the lake d Si- Gratien ai*e boats with saib and oars, and in tbt centre is a ca/^j ))elonging to the restaurant of M. Mal- let, to whom application must be made for the hire d boats. Horses and asses are ready saddknl for visitors to ride to the delightful villages contiguo. s.
To crown the pleasures of this int( esting rising village, a public garden, called ie Pare i»9S Peuplien. has been opened, which, although small, is delightiiiU? situated. It contains a cq/H and a ball-room, and d- fords in miniature the same amusements as the garden of Tivoli. Conveyances: — 12, and aS, rue du£auboor]g St.-Denis, and 25, rue Neuve-St.-Denis.
ERMENONVILLE.
This village, situated 10 leagues north-east of Paris, on the road to Senlis, is t^markable for its chateau, in 1 dependence of which Jean-Jacques-Ronsseau died. This estate, possessed by Jean Berthold in 990, aAer passing into the families d*Orgemont, de Montmorency., de Vic, and Lombard, became, in 1765, the property of M. de Girardin, from whom it was inherited by the celebrated deputy Stanilas de Giraixiin, who died in 1827. It is now hilled on lease by the prince de Cond^. Tlie ground contiguous was formerly a marsh, but Louis Rene de Girardin, the first of that family to whom it belonged, converted it into a garden, and such is the beauty of its pleasure-gix>unds, laid out in the English style, that a great number of visitors are an- nually attracted to it. Having learnt tliat the smallneas of Rousseau's income had compelled him to quit Paris, M. de Girardin invited him to £i*menonville, where he arrived on the aoth of May, 1778, but died on the ad of July following, and was buried in an island in the great park, called ile des Peupliers, where a monu- ment was erected to his memory. The National- As- sembly having decreed to Rousseau the honours of the Pantheon, his remains were removed to Paris, with
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ERMEKOK VILLE. 64 I
^reat pomp, on the i ith of October, i7Q4) notwithstand- ing the remonstrances of M. de Girardin. Among the iUustriods personages that have visited ErmenonviUe, are the queen Marie- Antoinette, the emperor Joseph II, and Gustavus HI, king of Sweden. Upon the invasion in i8i5, such was the respect shown to the memory of Rousseau, that the village was exempted from military contributions.
The chateau is buih upon the ruins of tlie ancient manor-house in the narrowest part of the valley, which it <|ivide8 intb two parts. It consists of a mass of build- ing, flanked by three towers (Ae fourth having been demolished) and surrounded by a moat. It is not al- lowed to entei* the interior. At the entrance, leading to the chateau from the ix)ad, stands a pavilion now oc- cupied by the concierge, in which Rousseau dwelt. Two arm-chairs forming a part of his furniture are still shown. To the south of the mansion lies the great park, and to the north tlie small park. In several places, inscriptions from the best French, English, Italian, and German poets are to be seen. Nothing can be more delightful than the landscapes afforded by the small park, which is well watered and wooded. In the isle Gabrielle are the remains of a Gotliic tower, which produce a picturesque effect. The bocage is a delight- ful grove containing a basin plentifully supplied with water, and a round building ornamented witli columns dedicated Otio et Musis. In this part of the ground are the ruins of the kameau (hamlet), the fountain called Xombeau de Laure, tlie Maison de Figneron, after the model of a temple of Bacclius near Rome, a small house which was begun by M. de Girardin for. the perma- nent residence of Rousseau, and a Gothic uninhabited building. In proceeding to the great park, we pass a cascade which falls into the moat. To visit the great park a guide is not required, as the concierge gives the key to the stranger, who may ramble at pleasui^. Near vhe entrance is a grotto, from the summit of which the isle of poplars and the tomb of Rousseau may be sur- veyed. In our way to the island we pass a rustic building used as a brewery. The tomb is ornamented
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with bas-reliefs and bears two iascriptions, tlie ow the motto chosen by Roasscaiu:\—yiiam impcniUtt vera; and the other i-^Jci repose rkomme de la naiun et de la veritd. Beyond the isle of poplars ai'e tfat Hermitage, and the Tombeau de finconnuj a mooa- ment erected to the memory of an unknown joung man, foolishly supposed to be a son of Rousseau, who committed suicide in the park. Farther on is the Gfotte des ossemens, at a spot whera the remains of a great number of persons slain during a civil war in the beginning of the i6th centui-y were deposited. Another remarkable object in the park is the Temple de la phi- losophies a circular building ornamented with six co- lumns of the Tuscan order, each of which is conse- crated to the memory of a great man, viz. Nbwtgs, lucem; Descartes, nil in rebus inane; Voltaire, ridi- culum; W. VT£.:i^y humanilatem ; Mo^iTssqiJiRU, jusU'ti'4an; J.-J. RoussKAU, naiuram. Within a few years, a large number of the finest ti-ees in tliis pai-t of the grounds have been felled. The desert is a vast uncultivated tract covered with juniper trees, heath, and moss, inter- spersed among rocks.
The village of Ermenonville, which is watered by the Nonette, presents nothing remarkable. It is sitnaled at the bottom of a narrow valley and has a gloomy ap- pearance. There is a good inn called la Croix d^or. Conveyances : — No. 5i, rue du faubourg St.^Denis.
ESSONNE Consists of a long street, between Paris and Fon- tainebleau, seven leagues and a half from the capital, and has manufactories of cotton, floor-cloth, eai*then- ware, and printed calicoes, where BerthoUet and Chap- tal's method of bleaching is pureued. The royal gun- powder manufactory has been removed, in consequence of several explosions which did considerable damage. The river Essonne is remarkable for never overflowing, failing, or Jreezing. Near tliis spot is the hamlet of Moulin-Gallant, celebrated for the mills at which vellum paper is manufactured. Conveyances :— 36, inie Dau- phme, and 12, rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs.
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FOJNTAINEBLEAU. 6^3
FONTAINEBLEAII.
This town, which contains 9,000 souls, is situated in the department of the Seine and Marne, i5 leagues from Paris, upon the high-road to Lyons. The first liistoricalnoticewehave ofFontainebleau is of the 12th oentury, in the reign of Charles YII, who had a palace ^liei*e. It has ever been a favourite residence of the kings of France, and up to the period of the Revolution the court always passed some months there evei-y year. Francis I may he considered as the restorer of Fon- tainehleau and the founder of the palace. In iSSg that monarch entertained Charles V there with a pomp till then unknown. Fi^ancis U, in i56o, held an assembly of the notables upon the famous conspiracy of Am- boise. In i654, Christina, queen of Sweden, who abdicated the throne at 17 years of age, retired to Fontainebleau. It was in this palace that Napoleon kept Pius YII a prisoner for two years, and here it was that in 18 1 4 and i8i5 he abdicated his title of emperor of the French, king of Italy, etc. It was in the forest of Fontainebleau also, in i8i5, that tlie first interview took place between the late unfortunate duke of Berry and die princess Caroline of Naples, who aftei^waixls became his consort.
The palace is one of the most magnificent piles of building in France, and exhibits noble specimens of the dilFerent styles of architecture from the time of Fran- cis I to the present day. Situated at the bottom of a valley, it forms a mass almost triangular, and consists of Hve piles of buildings separated by as many courts and galleries. Between two wings fianked by four pavilions, is the portico executed by Grenerie after the designs of Jamain. In 1808, Napoleon made great al- terations and embeUishments in the palace, upon tlie occasion of his marriage with Maria Louisa of Austria.
The principal entrance to the palace is by a vast square, called la cour du cheualblanc. Of the various galleries which once decorated the interior, that of Francis I, which is 1 96 feet long, is the most remarkable ; it contains the fresco paintings of Primaticcio and Rossi,
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644 ElfVlftOHS OF PA ..
which after the lapse of three ceu .^ ttscentlj
been i^estored to their pristine beauty. The omamenls present a mixture of paintings and stucco work, coo* sisting of flowers, fruits, children, men and animals, executed by Paul Ponci. This gallery also possesses numerous marble busts. Those ( f Montaigne, Col- bert, Michel FHopital, Forbin, Alexander Uie Great, Euripides, Montesquieu, Lavoisier, Jean Bart, Wash- ington, Marlborougi, Kleber, Fi-ederick the Gi^eat, and Sully, by modern French artists, were placed there hj order of Napoleon; to which those of Charette, Pidie- gru, and Louis XV have been added since the Restor- ation.
It was in the galen'e des cerfs that the chamberlain Monaldeschi was put to death by order, and it is said, in the pi^sence of Christina, queen of Sweden ; the banquetting room is a most magnificent hall. The walls were painted by Primaticcio. The gallery o( Diana has been latdy hlled up, and contains a seiies of beautiful small pictures from the histo y of France, by living artists ; those by Richard, Reveil, Granet, Lau- rent, and madame Lescot are the most dmired. The chapel is ornamented with paintings and gilding, and is paved with various-colourea marble.
The apartments of St.-Louis, of whom letters dated from my deserts in Fontainebleau exist, are still shown. In one of the rooms is seen the table on which JVapoleon signed his abdication, and on a brass plate let into the table that event is recorded.
In the gardens of the palace are many statues of bronze, among which are Diana grasping a sta^ and surrounded by four hounds ; Hercules, two childi^n with a serpent, Cleopatra, etc. The jardinde I' ^tang is surrounded with canals abounding with carp of au enormous size. The lake is skilled with beautiful avenues, in the midst of which rises an octagonal kiosk. The montagne des pins adjoininc afibrds a romantic promenade. The flower-beds of the great garden are encircled by a terrace ; in Uie centre is a large basin with a rock from which the waters flow ; on the right of the flower-garden is a fine sheet of
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FOMTilNEBLEAU. 645
water, with a statue of Apollo in the midst, which is highly admired by connoisseurs. Beyond, at the en- trance of the park, which is intersected by a large canal, ' are seen grottoes, cascades, and avenues which extend "^ as far as me eye can reach.
The foi'est of Fontainebleau contains above 54,ooo acres, and is remarkable for the variety and singularity of its romantic prospects. On one side are stupendous rocks, intermixed with picturesque trees, surrounded with morasses, pai-ticularly in the distiict of Franchai't ; one, called the roche qui pleurOj is most remarkable ; a well, sank by order of Napoleon, is also cui'ious from its extraordinary depth. On another side, nothing is seen but barren sands; whilst a third presents lands covered with the finest oak, beech, and fir. On leaving a romantic woody dell, the traveller finds himself in a sandy desert, but on the other hand many parts of the forest contain walks skirted with trees extending to an " immense distance. Near the entrance to the forest on tlie ^* south is seen an obelisk in the Gothic style. The roads *' are wide and well planted ; one of them 3o feet broad, called the route rortdcj which intersects the forest was opened by order of Henry IV. This forest, which aiwunds in stags, deer, etc., has ever been a favorite spot foi* hunting excursions. In the spring and the autumn it is mudi frequented, by artists, who find excel- lent studies for romantic landscape . No forest in France possesses finer trees, or a greater number and variety of plants; many of tlie plants that grow here are not asain seen till descending towaixls the shores of the Mediterranean , and the same curious circumstance occurs with regard to the insects.
The streets of Fontainebleau are wide, regular, and i^markably clean, and the houses are well built of Jsrick and stone. It contains two manufactories, one of earthen- ware and the other of porcelain; two hospitals, one for the sick and the other for foundlings and the aged or infirm, two fine barracks, an hotel-HQe-ville, a college, a theatre, and public baths. Its grapes, which ai*e highly esteemed, ai'e called chasselas ; nearly all the paving stones used in the streets of Paris are brought
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from Fontainebleau. The principal occapali<Ki of ite woi'king classes is timber and stone cutting. Two in ai-e held annually and a market three times a week. Ik best inns are the Hdtel de la vilie de Ljron, and the Grand hdtel Britannique. Conveyances : — 22, r« INotre-Dame-des-Victoires; 128, rue St.-Honore; rf, rue Dauphine; and iQ, rue Croix-des-Petits-Ghamps.
FONTENAY-SOUS-BOIS.
This viUage is contiguous to the forest of YinoeiiiBt at about two leagues to the east of Paris, and aJboun^ia fine springs. Its church is of the age of Francis 1 or Heui7 II. It contains many country houses,one of whick till the Revolution, was occupied as a convent of Mi- nimes. The country is arable land and vineyards. Fete^ the first Sunday in August. Conveyances:— '^3, rue duBouloy ; 55, rue Coquilli^re ; and place de h Bastille.
FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES
Derived its name from its great number of fountains^ or springs, and rose-trees, which scent the air with the most delicious odours. The inhabitants of Fontenav sell the roses to perfumers. They pay gi'eat attentiQa to the cultivation of strawberries, which the peasanis bring to Paris.
The village is agreeably situated at the foot of a kill two leagues south-west of Paris, on which aocoont there are many country houses in its neighbourhood. The church dates from the end of the i5th century.
Feie^ the first Sunday after July 16th. Conveyances: — 55^ rue Mazai'ine ; 25, rue de Seine ; and 5, roe da Pont-de-Lodi.
FRANCONVILLE,
Four leagues nortli-west of Paris, is situated ou the slope of a hill, in the most agreeable part of the vallcT of Montmorency, and is surrounded by a great number of €»legant country houses. The high road to Rouen
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GENTILLY — CRENELLE — GBOSBOIS. 647
passes through this village. In the church is the tomb of the celebrated philologist Court de Gebelin, Skn- thor of ie Monde primitif. The Latin name of this place, Francorumvilla^ has led some antiquaries to sup- pose that it was one of the first places inhabited by the Franks. Conveyances : — 49> rue Montorgueil, and 5 1 , rue dn iaubourg St.-Denis.
GENTILLY,
A villace half a league from Paris ^ in a valley watered by the Bievre, presents corn fields, vineyards, and mea- dows. A great number ofguingueiles being established at Gentilly, it is the resort of the lower classes of the Parisians. Fetey the second Sunday in May. Convey- ances:— 29, quai de la Cite.
CRENELLE
A village upon the left bank of the Seine, between that river, Issy, and Vaugirard. The hamlet of Cre- nelle consisted formerly of a few houses and an old chateau, now occupied as a gymnastic school ; but a handsome church, a theatre, and many fine houses have been built within a few years. A gare for the mooring of boats has been formed below the village of Grenelle, and a bridge erected, which leads to the Ver- sailles road at the point where it branches off to St.- Clond. The Plaine de GreneUe was long the place where capital Sentences, pronounced by the court mar- tial of tlie first military division, were carried into exe- cution. F^te : — the ist and ad Sundays af^er the day of St. John the Baptist (June 24th). On one of the days the ceremony of the Couronnement de la Rosi^re takes place. Conveyances: — 4> rue de Rivoli.
GROSBOIS. The hamlet of Grosbois owes its celebrity to its cha- teau and the illustrious personages who have possessed it. In the thifteenth century it was known by the name of Grossum nemus, and three hundred years after
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it was called Grasbois4e^Roi, because king John bniHa chapel there. In the sixteenth century this manor be- longed to Baoul M oreau, treasurer of the dpargne. His daughter had it as a poition upon her marriage with Ni- cholas duHarlay, who sold it to Charles de Yalois, dokf of Angouleme, natural son of Cliarles IX. This prince was the first who began to form the park; he also bailt the chateau. After passing through various hands, Gros- bois was purchased, a few years before the Revolution, by the count de Provence, afterwai^ds Louis XVlll. During the Revolution it was bought by Ban^as, one of the five directors, who sold it to general Moreau. Whilst Moreau was enjoying the retreat of Grosbois, he W2S arrested and. conveyed to the Temple, and being impli- cated in the affair of Pichegi^u, was obliged to qoit France. Grosbois then fell to the crown, and was given by Napoleon to prince Berthier. At the restoration, Serthier offered the property of Gi*osbois to Louis XVDI. His Majesty, who was at that moment going to chapel, * accepted it ; but, on his return from mass, the conaes- cending and munificent monarch restored and confirmed the possession of it to the prince, saying : '^ I have bad time enough to consider it as my own : and now it i$ mjr gift." Grosbois still belongs to Berthiei^'s widow and children. The park contains seventeen hundred acres. The garden is extensive and pleasantly laid out. The approach to the chateau is by a fine avenue, and abounds in deer and game. Grosbois is four leagues soutli-east of Paris. Conveyances : — 13, rue Neuve-St.- Paul; 27, rue Geoffroi-Lasnier; and place de la Bastille.
ISSY,
One league from Paris, is supposed to have derived its name from an ancient temple dedicated to Isis. On a height, opposite the church, is an old Gothic structure^ called maison de Childeberl, and it appears that some of the French kings of the first race had a palace here. * In this village was represented, in lOSg, the first French o{)era, a pastoral entided Issd. The author was Pierre PiUTin, a native of Lyons. Here also, in i6g5, were
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IVBY — JOWY — LA GBAPELLE. 649
"MA conferences, presided by Bossaet, in order to examine the doctrine of some books published by Fe- nelon, which were condemned. Cardinal Flenry had a country house at Issy, in which he died in 1743. In the plain of Issy, grand reviews take place, as a village has been formed in the phiin of Grenelle, where they were formerly held. Fete : — ^the first Sunday in Au- gust. Conveyances: — 6, rue Christine, and 36, rue Dauphine.
rVRY,
A remarkably fertile village three quarteraof a league to the south of Paris, is bmlt on the side of a hill, and embellished with a great n\miber of pleasant country houses, among which is one that belong to the duchess dowager of Orleans, who died there in July, 1831 . At the extremity of the viUage stand the picturesque ruins of an ancient chapel. The quarries in the plam of Ivry are a source of wealth to the inhabitants; here are abo several manufactories. The wine-shops and petty eating houses in the plaine tPIvry are much frequented by the lower classes of the Parisians. Fete : — the first Sunday in May.. Conveyances: — 54, ftlarch^Neuf.
JOUY.
This village, about five leagues south-west of Paris, possesses a magnificent chateau, with an orangery and a park of 3oo acres. It is chiefly renovmed for its manu- factory of printed cottons, which for the durability of their colour are more esteemed than any others in France. FSte: — ^first Sunday after August 1 6th. Con- veyances:— 6, ruede Rohan, and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
LA CHAPELLE
Is situated at the entrance of the vast plain of St.-De-
nis, contiguous to the barriers of Paris, having the hill
of Montmartre on the left, and the village of la Villette
on the right. At this village the canal of St.-Denis falls
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65o KNVlHOlfS OF PARIS:
into the canal de rOorcq, a little above the basin of b Yillette. It was from la Ghapelle tliat on the 3d of May, i8i4, Louis XYIII departed at noon to make his solemn entry into l^is capital.
LIVRY.
This is one of the most ancient villages in the envirom of the capital, from which it is distant four leases. It is situated on the northern slope of a hill which com- mands a most extensive view over vast corn fields, and is traversed by the high-road from Paris to Germany. It was at Livrr that Monsibui, count d'Artois (Charles X), arrived on the i ith of April, 18149 previous to his pohiic entry into Paris, after an exile of twenty-tl^ree years. Malherbes and madame de S^vign^ inhabited Livry, and here this amiable woman composed those letters to her daughter, which are a model of elegance and delicacy. Conveyances :— 2471 rue St.-Bfartin, and 11, and 13, rue Ste.-Apolline.
MiUSONS ALPORT,
Situated upon the left bank of the Mame, two leagues south-west of Paris. The church has a tower wnicb was built by the English at the time of their invasion of France. The land is principally laid out in com-fieUs and pastm^es. Here also is Tripefs celebrated flower carden, where plants and flowers of every species may £e seen in their utmost beauty ; the warehouse for seeds, etc. is at No. i3, boulevard des Capucines, Paris. Fl^: -^the second Sunday in July. Conveyances:-^! 3, me de r£gout-St.-Paul; ao, rue des ToumeUes; and place de la Bastille.
MALMAISON. This chateau, three and a half leases west of Parts, and dependent on the village of Reuil, is celebrated as having been the figivourite resid^ice of Bonaparte and the empress Josephine. It is surrounded with ditches, and is dS IndifTerent architecture. Between the two storeys, the front is ornamented with some good statoes in while
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marble. The garden front is adorned in a timilar manner with statues and vases. On each side of the entrance is a centaur in bronze, and an £g3rptian pyramid of red marble enriched with hieroglyphics in cold. It contains many cood rooms, but it is now scarcely worth the traveller's visit, as the splendid furniture and works of art which it formerly contained have been sold, as well as the chateau itself; the grounds also have been divided into lots and sold. It was in this chateau that the plans of Napoleon were discussed and agreed to by his coun- sellors ; it is even said, that the most important of his projects were formed here tin the most private manner. The empress Josephine died at Malmaison, on the i3th of May, 18149 and was buried in the chapel of Reuil. Napoleon retired there on the a5d of June, i8i5, the day after his second abdication, and left it on the SQtli. In i8i5, Malmaison was plundered by the Prussians, but their devastation was confined to the robbery of some curtains. No picture was taken away, and as soon as general lord Combermere had notice of the pillage, he sent a guard to protect the property. Conveyances : — 3, rue de Rohan, and place Louis XYI, at the foot of the bridge.
MARLY, Four leagues west of Paris, on the road to St.-Ger- main-en-Laye, was formerly celebrated for its magnifi' cent chateau and gardens, erected by Louis XIV, but they have been destroyed The aqueduct and hydraulic machine of Marly deserve attention . The old machine, which- presented a deformed mass of timber work upon the Seine, has been replaced by a steam-engine which occupies an elegant pavilion upon the bank of the river. The pipes which convey the water to the height of Louvecienne, where the first arch of the aqueduct is situated, formerly rested upon stones, but they are now under ground, and a double row of ti^ees has been planted along the line which they pursue. The pavilion called Lucienney built for madame Du- barry, mistreM of Louis XY, by Ledoux, in the space
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of three months, is now the property of M. P. Lafitle. Being elevated 3oo feet above the level of the Seine, the view^ from it is extensive and delightful. The woods round Marly are well stocked with game, and are fre- quently visited by the king for the pleasures of the chace. Fite : — ^Uie Sunday after August aSth. Con- veyances:—<io, and 1 8, rue de Rohan, and place Louis XYI, at the foot of the bridge.
MENILMONTANT,
Contiguous to the barrier pf the same name, is chiefly remarkable for the crowds who flock there on Sundays. An idea can scarcely be formed of the multitudes who fill all the houses of entertainment and public gardens. A stranger may here form a correct notion of the man- nei^ of the lower classes of the Parisians. On the 3otli of May, i8i4» Menilmontant was attacked by the allied army, to whom a vigorous defence was ofiered by the French, but they were compelled to yield to numbers, and the next day the Prussians did much mischief Co the inhabitants. Conveyances : — ^Place de Gr^ve.
BIEUDON.
A village two leagues south-west of Paris, is princi- pally remarkable for the chateau and park purchased ol the widow of the marquis de Louvois, his minister, b; Louis Xiy, who gave them to the Dauphin, his son. The chateau stands on an eminence, commanding ao extensive prospect. The approach is through a grand avenue, at the end of which is a magnificent terraoe a6c yards in length, and i4o in breadth. It was ei^ected ir 1660, by Henry de Lorraine, son of the duke de Guise The interior at the palace is well distributed, and con tains some fine apartments. The park and garden.* were laid out by Le Notre in his best style, and are ex- tensive. Louis XYI sometimes inhsd)ited Meudon whilst his aunts dwelt at Bellevue; and, in 1789, thi dauphin died there at the age of seven years. EKuin the Revolution, this place was used to make experi
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meats upon engines of war, and some companies of aeros tiers were formed here for the service of the army. A fire having broken out on the i6th of March, iTQ^v the chateau was nearly laid in ruins. When Bo- naparte became emperor, he restored Meudon to its former splendour. The gardens were replanted and the chateau repaired, and magnificently furnished. In 1812, it was appropriated for the residence of Napo- leon's son. In 1814^ Louis XVUI annexed Meudon to the domains of the crown, and it now serves for the exercises and excursions of the duke of Bordeaux. The wood of Meudon is extensive, and is much fre- quented in the summer by the Parisians and the inha- bitants of the neighbourhood, particularly on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays, when a ball is given below the village. At the foot of the hill of Meudon, nearly on the bank of the Seine, and near S^res, are the cu^ rious chalk quarries of Maulineaux. The enti-ance of these quarries is nearly on a level with the bank of the river; they are of vast extent, several hundred feet below the summit of the hill of Meudon, and are sup- ported at intervals by enormous pillars of chalk, which, by torch-light, have a picturesque effect. Here, under an immense vault, the workmen manipulate the chalk called bUtnc de Meudon^ and prepare it for sale. Behind the glass-house at Sevres, the plastic clay is seen re- posing on the chalk ; above this is the oalctfire grassier and the marine sand of the park of Meudon. The upper strata are composed of sandy loam which contains mill- stones in thin interrupted beds, but it is only used for building. F^le: — the first and second Sundays in July. Convey anpes J— ^, rue Christine; Sg, rue Mazarine; 26, rue Danphine ; and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
MONT CALVAIRE.*
This hill, which is a conical insulated mount, is one
of the highest elevations near Paris, being 558 French
feet above the Seine. It is two leagues and a half from
Paris, and is similar in its composition to Montmartre<
* Also called mont Valerien.
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5^
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For ages it was the residence of hermits who practised creat austerities, and went at Easter to the church of NanteiTe to receive the communion. A chapel having heen huilt in the beginning of the 17th century, it was consecrated on the aist of September, i653, and at the same time three lofiy crosses representing Christ crucified between two thieves were plantea, from which it was called mont Cahaire^ a name it still bears. Upon the sides of the mountain were wine- shops and places of amusement, which the ^nmnnu* nity considered inconsistent with the sancti^ of the place, and hence the ground and buildings whidi belonged to different proprietors were purdiaaed by degrees as the hermits were able to obtain funds. In i6a4f the hermits transferred a portion of mont Galvaire to a community of priests subject to the jurisdictiou of the archbishop of Paris. The mountain w^hich before had been sterile was then cultivated, and became much frequented for devotion by the inhabitants of the nei^- boiuing towns and villa^^es. During the civil wars, between 1649 ^^^ i65!i, which desolated the environs of Paris, mont Galvaire was religiously respected. lo 1700 a new church was completed, and behind the altar was a full sized model of the Holy Sepulchre ornamented with statues. From that period the most exalted and wealthy personages of the kingdom contributed to the embellishjnent of mont Galvaire, and several chapels were erected and adorned with works of art by the first masters. The hermits still continued to dwell upon another part of the mountain. The acquisition of a piece of the true Cross ^ which was exposed on certain festivals to the public gaze, attracted a vast multitude of devotees, and till the time of the Revolution mont Galvaire was regarded as a place of extraordinary sanc- tity. The communities of priests and hermits were suppressed by a decree of the GonsUtuent Assembly in 1791, and the building ajMlsround sold by auction to M. Merlin de ThioovtUe, wtio took up his residence there, and, to show his hatred to religion, converted one of the chapels into a temple of Venus, which he orna- mented with a statue of that goddess. A few hermits.
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however, continued to occupy solitary spots on the mountain, and in 180^, a oonununity of Trappists esta- blished themselves in tne principal buildings, which had been bought for i!20,ooofr., by the rector of the Abbaye-aux-Bois, at Paris. The church, ehapels, and other buildings were repaired and embellisned, but Napoleon having been informed that several priests and bimops used to assemble there and hold secret meetings, gave orders to the grenadiers of his aboard, who were in garrison at Comi>evoie, to proceea to mont Calvaice, feize the eonspiratorSy and level the crosses and cha- pels to the ground. This orderwas punctually executed, with the exception of two chapeb which were spared and still exist. Soon after, Napokon ordered a magnificent building to be erected on the top of the hill, which was at first destined to be a dependence on the maison impS- Hale of Ecouen . It was however occupied as barracks . Since the Restoration, the house has been given to the Pii^s dt la mission ; the crosses and some of the chapeb have been restored, and mont Calvaire has again be- come a place of pilgrimage for the devout. A new church is in the course of construction, and this, as well as the chapels, is to be ornamented with paintings and bas-reKefo by first-rate artists. In a cemetery attached to this establishment many persons of distinction have been interred. The dauphiness frequently performs her devotions at mont Calvaire, and the kins usually Tisits it in Holy-Week. From the summit of this hill a magnificent view is obtained. A fine road, com- menced in 1834, leads from Paris to mont Calvaire, but many persons prefer going to it by the village of Su- I'esnes. Conveyances to Sure8ne8:-^33i, rue St. -Ho- nor^, and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
VQNTMARTRE. The source from whence this celebrated hill, con- tiguous to the walls o{ Paris, and the ancient village situated on it, derives its name, is traced, according to some anticfuaiies, to Mons MartiSy as it is said that a temple ef'Bfars once existed on the spotj but by
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Others, to Mons Marijrnan, it being the spot where St.^Denis and his companions are said to have suf- fered martyrdom. Before the Revolution there was on the snmmit of the hill a celebrated convent of Bene- dictine nuns, some remains of which may still be seen near the church. When Paris was approached by the allies in 18149 Joseph Bonaparte established his head*
Quarters at Montmartre: from whence he afterwards ed. The Sil^ian.army stormed it, andtheFrendi troops were obliged to retreat into Paris. The Rus- sian and Prussian army of Silesia passed the night of March 3oth on the hill. Montmartre has a philan- thropic institution, called Jsile de la Providence^ for orphans and aged persons of both sexes ; and a fMrettj theatre. This village is remarkable for its nameroM vfindmilU Rndguinguettes. The latter are much fre- quented. The views from the hilt are fine, and P^ris is seen to gi*cat advantage. On the summit is a telegrapii which corresponds with Brest, Bordeaux, and Spain. The quarries of Montmartre supply the capital with gypsum, or, as it is more commonly called, plaster of Paris. These quarries are celebrated for the fossil remains of hi ids, and several animals of the order of Pacherdermata, of which even the genera are extinct. The anoplotheria and paleotheria are found in them : for an account of which we refer the reader to the jostlj celebrated work of Cuvier on Fossil Bones. The geolo- gical structure of this hill is highly interesting as the ascending series of strata, from the passage of the col" caire grosster into the gypseous marls to the upper fresh water, and even the diluvium, is easily investigated.
MONTMORENCY.
A small town, four .leagues and a half north of Paris, delightfully situated on the summit of a htU, and com- manding a fine view of the vaUey of Montmorency, which is reckoned one of the most beautiful and pic- turesque spots in France. The house called the Ber- unitage, is remarkable for having been inhabited by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It afterwards became the pro?
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per^ of the celebrated mntical compcMer Gretiy, who died there in i8i3; this hoiue has bees spoiled by incongmoos additions made. by the present prq>rietor. There are no remains of the ancient diateau of the Montr morencies : or of that called theXftrem^u/vbailt by the famoos Lebmn, in the reign of Louis Xly, and which was remarkable for its agreeable plantations and the fine prospects it commanded. The church is one of the finest Gothic buildings of the 14th century, and the windows are formed of magnificent painted glass. The forest of Montmorency affords some delightful walks and rides, and asses ready saddled are always to be found for the accommodation of visitors. The country round is entirely planted with vines and cherry-trees. The Wbite Horse, the sign of which was painted by the cele- brated baron Gerard, is the best inn. fViee:^-Mary Magdalen's day ( Jtily 2ad), and the two Sundays fol- lowing. Conveyances:— *i 2, 5i, and 67, rue du fau- bourg St.-Denis; !i5, rue Neuve St.-Denis; rue d'En- ghien; and porte St.-Denis.
MONTROUGE
Is a large village, half a league from Paris, the air of which is considered remarkably wholesome. This place is covered with windmills and guingueUeSy and contains an institution for aged servants of the hospitals, and the indigent of both sexes. *^ Montrouge is famous as the principal seat of the Jesuits in France. Conveyances : — I , rue du pont de Lodi, and place St.-Michel.
MORTEFONTAINE,
A village, nine leagues north-east of Paris, derives its name from M. Le Pelletier de Moitefontaine, who built a chateau there in 1770. This estate was bought in 1 700 and greatly improved by M. Dumey, a banker, and subsecraently became the property and favourite resi- dence of Joseph Bonaparte. It now belongs to the prince de Cona^. The gardens and parks, which are
* See Maisoic db Rbtkaitb, paj^e 382*
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well watered and ornamented widi foantains, bridges, pavilions, and other works of art, are highly worthy d a visit Irom the toarist. .Conveyances : — a^y, and !i56, i-ae St. -Martin, and 5i, me da £aLiiboiirg St-I>aus.
NANTERRE.
This village, two leagues and a half west of Paris, is one of the most ancient places in its environs. Ste.- Genevieve, the patroness of Paris, was bom in this village in the 5th century. The church was boiH about the year i3oo. Nanterre contains an abattoir for hogs, and is celebrated for its sausages and cakes, lb parocbial^^^e is on the last Sunday in iMay, and the neit day a ceremony takes place, called the crowning of la RosUrCj which is attended by the local authorities, and generally by one of the royal family. From Nanterre a road branches off to St. -Germain, by Chatoa and Le Pec, and crosses the Seine at both these places. Le Pec is the spot where the English armyjpassed the Seine to attack Paris, on the i st of July, 1 8 1 5. Conveyances: — lo, and 1 8, rue de Rohan, and place Louis ICVI, at the foot of the bridge.
NEUILLY.
This village, delightfully situated at half a league ficom Paris on the road to St.-Germain-en-Laye, has acquiredl much celebrity on account of its magnificent bridge over the Seine, elegant villas, and the interesting views which it commands. In i6o6 there was merely a ferry at this place, but Henry IV, with his queen, having been precipitated into the water by the horses taking flight, a wooden bridge was constructed, which, how- ever, did not last many years. The present superb structure was built by Perronet ; it is 750 feet long, and is composed of five arches, each 130 feet in breadth, and 5o feet in height. The masomy is of excellent 'work- manship and the road is levd. It was opened with great ceremony in 177a, and the carriage of Louis XV was the first that passed over it. The duke of Orleans has a seat at Neuilly which is the general summer resi-
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denoe of the family. The park consists of about loo acres, and as well as the chateaa. may be risited during the absence of the family, upon application by letter, post paid, to M» le Secretaire des commandemens deS.A,R, monseigneur le due d^ Orleans ^ au Palais-Royal* !Neailly can besides boast of mapy fine houses belonging to the opulent and fashionable residents of the metro- polis. The inhabitants cultivate a great number of roses, which are s(dd to the perfumers of the capital. F^ie .'•—-the Sunday after June 34th. Conveyances:—' 10, and 18, me de Rohan ; a rue deRivoli; and place Louis XYI, at the foot of the bridge.
NOGENT-SUR-MARNE. An ancient and agreeable village, situated on the summit of a hill, two leagues and a quarter east of the capital, commanding an enchanting and extensive prospect. The lofty ground is fruitful in vineyards and the lower is laid out in araMe land. The village is almost entirely composed of neat villas. F^te : — ^Whitsunday and two following days. Conveyances : — r i4, i^e des Lions St.-Paol; 16, rue St.-Jean ; and place de la Bastille.
ORLY. As early as the ninth century mention is made of this ▼iUage, which is situated three leagues to the south of Paris. It is principally remarkable for havinc held out for three months when besieged by the English in i36o. The tower of the church, of which the upper part has been destroyed, is said to be in the same state as it was left by the b^iegers. FSte : — June i . Convey- ances :— 13, cour de la Ste.-Chapelle.
PASSY, From its proximity to the capital and the bois de Boulogne, and its elevated situation, which renders the air salubrious and the views extensive and agreeable, is jnoch frequented both by Parisians and foreigners ; it contains several pleasant houses with extensive gardens.
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But it is principally celebrated for its mineral waters, which are stroi^ly impregnated with iron. The spring rises in a j;arden, with fine walks and terraces, and is worth a visit. At the extremity <^ Passy, <^posite the I chateau de la MtieUe^ is a wide esplanade, in the centre | of which are a small theatre, much frequented, and a building called le Ranelaghy where there is a J&e I champeire on Sundays, and subscription balls on Satm^ days during the summer. Passy suffered much during | the occupation of Paris in i8i4 and i8i5. La Muetie was a royal country seat. The pleasure grounds are extensive, but the chateau, which was enlarged and embellished by Louis XY , was in great part demolished at the Revolution . It now belongs to M . Erard, the piano- forte manufacturer. The celebrated Franklin resided at Passy in 1788, and a street, and a barrier leadina to it, are called by his name. Here also died the famous abb^ Raynal, in 1796, after having resided in the village for several years, and in 1 8o3, Piccini, the rival of Gluck . Passy is separated from Chaillot by the wall of Paris. FSte : — 1st and id Sundays in May. Conveyances: — 8, rue de Yalois-Batave.
PLESSIS-PIGQUET, Two leagues and a half south of Paris, is built upon the side of a lofty hill, and presents a pleasing and pic- turesque appearance. It is fertile in com, and pos- sesses vines and fruit trees. Colbert possessed a cha- teau here which still exists, and has a terrace termin- ated by pavilions, from which a magnificent view is obtained. Plessis-Picquet suffered, in 181 5, from the Prussian troops, pai-t of which were stationed there on the 2d and 3d of July. F^te : — the Sunday after Mary Magdalen's day (July atzd). Conveyances: — 10, place St.-Michel.
POISSY
Is situated at one of the extremities of the forest of St.-Germain, on the left bank of the Seine, in a charming position, and is traversed by the high road from Pans to Caen. It is five leagues west of -the capi-
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POESST. 66i
tal, and is a very ancient town, where the kings of France had a palace at a remote period. Here Charles- le-Ghanve held an assembly of the prelates of his king- dom. St.-Lonis was bom at Pois^, on the 34^ of April, i3i5, and alwa3rs entertained a predilection for his native town . He frequently styled himself Louis de Poissx, or Seigneur de Poissr* St.-Loais inhabited the chateau de Poissy, and did much to embellish and enrich the town. He built the stone bridge, which is one of the longest in the kingdom, and from which a most enchanting prospect is obtained. That monarch also established the cattle market, still held there for the supply of Paris. The market day is Thursday, and a fund is established for making advances to butchers.* Philjppe-le-Hardi, son of St.-Loois, erected at Poissy, in i5o{, a handsome chivch in honour of his futher. Historians assert that the church was built on the site of the chateau, which was demolished for that purpose, and that the high-altar was placed on the spot where the bed of oueen Blanche stood when she was deli- vered of St. -Louis. The heart of Philippe was deposited in this church. When the choir was repaired in 1687, a tin urn was found on bars of iron in a small vault, and in it two silver dishes, wrapped in red and gold stuff, with this inscription on a leaden plate : — (^ deden est le cueur du roi Philippe, qui Jbnda ceite ^giisCy qui tripassa d Fontainebieau, la veille de Saini-Andri, i5i4- In one of the chapels of the nave, the font in which St. -Louis is said to have been baptised is pre- served; and the painted glass in the windows repre- sents his birth. Poissy is also famous in history as the place where the conferences, called the Colloque de Poissy y were held between the doctors of the catholic and the protestant faith in i56i. In this town is a prison, caUed Maison centrale de DStention, to which are sent persons of both sexes condemned to solitary confinement; female prisoners sentenced to hard la- bour ; and such persons of both sexes as are con- demned by the tribunal of correctional police to im-
• See DiaiGTioif i»b la Caimi db Poisst, page 42.
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prisonment for a term exceeding a year. Here are sometiines mingled professed thieves and authors or journalists who have exposed themselves to punish- ment for violating the laws on the press. Convey- ances:—36, rue St.-Thomas^u-Loovre ; 36, me det Foss^s-St.-Germain-rAuxerrois ; a, rue de Rohan ; and place Louis XYI, at the foot of the bridge.
PRE-ST.-GERVAIS
Owes its name to a considerable meadow (pf^ in part of Pantin, and a chapel built in it, under the in- vocation of St.-Ger?ais. This spot is almost entii^y covered with small country-houses, and guingueUes which are much fre^ented during the summer by the Parisians. Its situabon is favourable for pleasure ex- cursions, being surrounded by fertile fields and gar- dens, hills covered with vines and orchards, and narrow paths bordered with lilacs and roses ; while the ]Htnu- mity of the wood of Momainville is a still further in- duoement to the admirers of rural scenery. The Pr^ St.-Gervais is a mile north-east of Paris. In ^oing to this village the heights of Belleville may be avoided by taking, the Pantin road. F^le : — the first Sunday in August. Conveyances : — 16, me des Prouvaires, and 30, me Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
RAINCY,
In the bounds of the parish of LivrV) is a chateau, three leagues and a half from Paris. It formerly be- longed to the fiunily of the Sansuins of Livry, but was ceded by them, in the year 1750, to the duke of Or- leans, who spared no expense to render it a princely residence. During the Revolution it was purchased by M. Ouvrard, banker, and afterwards fell into the hands of Napoleon, thus becoming crown property ; it was returned to the Orleans family on the Restoration. The pleasure grounds are the best imitation of the English garden to be seen in France. Conveyances:— 12, me St.-Apolline, and ^47, rue St.-Martin.
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RAMBOUILLET
Ib a pretty small town, on the road to Chartres, 12 leagaes sonth-west of Paris, with a royal chateau situated in a park, abounding in wood and water. The approach from the village is by a long avenue, planted with double and treble rows of lofty trees, the tops of which are so broad and thick as nearly to meet. This avenue opens into a lawn, in the centre of which is the chateau. It is a vast Gothic structure, entirely of brick, built in the form of a horse-shoe and flanked with towers. Francis I died in this palace, on the 3ist of March, i547 ; Louis XIV held his court in it for some years ; with Louis XV and Louis XVI it was a favourite residence; and Charles X and the dauphin freouently visit it on hunt- ing excursions. The grand saloon is of immense di- mensions, with a floor of white marble and two rows of marble columns of the Gorintliian order. The apart- ments, which are handsomely furnished, contain nume- rous pictures, of which those principally entitled to notice are two of Penelope and her lovers, by Fla- mael; the death of Pompey, by Branet; Achilles and the centaure Chiron by Lepicier; the rape of Proser- pine, by Coypel; two hue fruit pieces; Diana returned from the cbace; Diana and Acteon; some good land- scapes, etc. In one of the turrets which forms a wing of the palace, is shown the apartment in which Fran- cis I slept and held his levee ; it is still in the same con- dition as in his time. On the sides of the bed are portraits of Louis XIV and Louis XV, and of Philip IV of Spain and his queen. Near the palace stands a vast building called le Conunun^ and the hotel of the gover- nor, newly built. The stables are capable of receiving 5oo horses. The gardens, which are extensive, were laid out by Le Notre ; one is planted in the French and the other in the English style, and both are well wa- tered by canals and lakes. The parks contain 3,ooo acres, and are surrounded by a forest of nearly 5o,ooo acres. The cathedral of Chartres, distant 27 miles, is ieen from a hill in the park. The dairy, of white marble, b justly admired. At a iann in the park is a
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flock of merino-sheep, the first ever introdaoed into France. They were brought there about the year 1^85. The town of Rambouillet contains a well built HdCei- de-Yille and an hospital. Three annual fairs are held there; one on the a5th of June is principally a wool- fair. Conveyances: — ai, rue Notre -Dame -des-Vic- toires ; aS, rue du Bouloy ; i3, rue des-Vieux-Augustins ; and 2, Cour des Fontaines, Palais-Royal.
REUIL.
This populous village, commonly called Ruel, is si- tuated at the foot of a hill, three leagues and a half to the west of Paris. The first object that attracts attention is its superb barracks, built in the reign of Louis XV. In i8i4, they were converted into a military hospital for the RusAans who were wounded in the attack on Paris, on the 3oth of March, or who were ill during their stay in the capital. In i8i5, they were occupied by the Prussians. They are now inhabited by one of the Swiss regiments in the French semce. Many of the houses m Reuil are well built and advantageously si- tuated. The body of the church was constructed in i584 ; and we learn from an inscription on one of the pillars of the nave, that the first stone of it was laid by Anthony I, king of Portugal. It is tolerably well boilt, in the style of architecture that prevailed in the time of Francis I and Henry II. The front was ei'ected after designs by Mercier, at the expense of cardinal Riche- lieu. It is adorned with columns of the Doric and Ionic orders ; the oenti*al tower is of a date much earlier than any other part of the edifice, and is believed to be of the 1 3th century. In the chapel of St. Joseph, near the altar, is a monument ao feet in elevation, after the designs of Beithaut, erected to the memory of the empress Josephine, by her son Eugtoe Beauhamais, and her daughter Hortense, wife of Louis Bonaparte. A basement, 12 feet in breadth by six in depth, tupr ports two Doric columns from which rises an arch oma-. mented with caissons and roses, the whole of white veined marble. Upon this basement is a kneeling sUtue
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of the empress, resting upon a portable oratory, on which are the initial letters J^ B., the onlj inscription permitted to be placed on it. The statue, executed by P. Car- sellier, in i8a5, isoneof the finest specimens of French sculpture . It conveys a stri king and faithful resemblance of the face and elegant form of this most excellent woman. On the right of this monument is the tomb of the count de la Pacherie, uncle of the empress,, erected by her to his memory.
Cardinal Richelieu had a country seat at Reull, where he resided for many years . He spared no expense either on the house or gardens. At the Revolution it was sold as national property, and was afterwards purchased by marshal Massena for his country residence; the mansion is well kept up and the gardens and park are extensive. At Reuil and m the neighbourhood springs of excellent water are abundant; the surrounding country is prin- cipally laid out in vineyards and kitchen gardens. Con- veyances :— -No. 1 8, rue de Rohan ; 5o, rue St. -Thomas du Louvre ; and place Louis XYI, near the foot of the bridge.
ROMAINYILLE. A village, one league and a half from Paris, with a fine chateauand park. The chateau, on an eminence, affords one of the finest views in the environs of Paris. It extends over the plain of St. -Denis, and beyond, towards Dam- inartin, and Meaux. The park contains nearly a com- plete collection of all the foreign trees and shrubs that have been naturalized in France ; and is embellished by several pieces of water. The Bois de RomainviUe^ which is a favourite resort for the Parisians, is situated between the moulin de RomainiHlley and the Pr^t.- Gervais. It is not very extensive, but its proximity to Paris, and the agreeable shade of its tufted trees, cause . it to be much frequented by the inhabitants of the north-east Jkubourgs. Romainville was captured and recaptured several times on the day of the capitula- tion of Paris. The soil of Romainville 19 a red sandy of the upper marine formation which caps all the hiUs in
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the environs of Paris. FSie: — ist Sunday in August. Conveyances:— 12, rue des Prouvaires, and 35, place du Caire.
ROSNY,
A village on the banks of the Seine and on the high- road to Caen, at i5 leagues and a half from Paris, is remarkable for an elegant country-seat, surrounded by a park of 4«ooo acres, in which the celebrated SuUy, ' minister of Henry IV, was bom, and which was bou^t in 1 8i 8, of count Edmond de Perigord, by the duchess of Benr. It is situated on an island called Ue de Itosny, and is handsomely oniamented and furnished. It is a favourite residence of the duchess, who frequently visits it in winter as well as in summer. In June, i85o, a splendid entertainment was given here by her royal highness to king Charles X, her parents the king and queen of Naples, the prince of Salerno, the daupliin and dauphiness, the duke of Orleans and family, and a great number of the French and foreign nobility. After the assassination of the duke of Berry by Louvel, the duchess resolved to found an hospital at Rosny in me- mory of her late husband, to be placed under &e invo- cation of St. Charles Borromeo. The building having been completed, the consecration of the chapel took place on ^e i8th of March, 1824, aind on the 29th of the same month the heart of the unfortunate duke was removed from St. -Denis to Rosny, and placed in a cenotaph of white marble in the chapel of tiie hospital, surmounted by a statue of St. -Charles Borromeo, in the act of pronouncing his benediction. This statue, seven feet in heigrht, is by Ruthchiel. On the pedestal is the following inscription —
Ici est ddposS le cceur de C. F. d'Artois, due de Berry y dignefiU de St.-touis el du grand UenrL U eut la vedeur et la i^ertu de son auguste race. Phre des pauvresy appui des maiheureuxy il pMt avant Vdge^ sous le poighard des JaciieuXt le \%f4vriery 1820. Sa morljui hdroique.
Since this estate has become the properly of the
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ducheM of Berry, the number of the inhabitants in the village has increased considerably, and many neat houses have been erected. Gonyeyances : — 34 9 rue du Bouloy .
ST.-CLOUD. The town and palace of St.-€loud, situated about two leagues to the west of Paiis, are nearly coeval with the French monarchy ; for the kings of the first race had a mansion these^ It obtainea the name of St.-Cloud from dodoald, grandson of Glovis, who, having made his es- cape when his two brothers were murdered by their unde Clotaire, concealed himself in a wood which then covered this part of the country, and after leading the life of a hennit, died there towards the end of the 6th century, and bequeathed his hei^tage and a church -which he had built near it to the chapter of the cathedi^ of Paris. After his death, he was canonized ; and tl&e village, then called Noi^igenium, took the name of Sancius Chd6alduSy corrupted to St.-Cloud. It was here that Ghilp^ric, king of Soissons, received, in 58i, the ambassador whom he had sent three years before to Constantinople. From that period we have no historical notice of St.*Glond, till about i358, when it was piUaged and burnt by the English, headed by Gharles-ie-Mau- vais, king of JVavarre. It was again plundered and set on fire in i4i i, by the party of me Armagnacs.
It was at St.^loud Uiat Henry III was assassinated by Jacques Glement, in i58q. The palace will ever be remarkable in the annals 01 France, for the revolution of the 1 8th Brumatre ( i oth November, 1 709), which was efiTected without the effusion of blood, and which placed Bonaparte at the head of the g^ovemment of France.
The town <^ St.^loud, which contains 2,400 inha- bitants, is situated on a steep hill on the left bank of the Seine ; it belongs to the canton of Sevres, arrondissement of Versailles^ department of the Seine and Oise. Most of the streets are excessively steep and narrow, and the bouses are ill-built; but without the town, along the river, are several country-houses, remarkable for their architecture and fine situation, forming an amphitheatre.
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and commanding a delig^tfnl view of the Bots de Bovi' logne, and the valley along the river, as far as Neoilly . The objects principally worthy of notice at St.-Cload, independent of the palace, are the bridge, part of which dates from i556, and part since i8i5, in which year it | was blown up to arrest the march of the allied troops ; '■ the rains of the old church ; the new church, which, although unfinished, contains some good pictures ; tlie cemetery in which, among other tombs, is that of the celebrated actress Mrs. Jordan ; the ^^spital ; the hotel of the king's body guards, situated between the river and the principal street leading to the palace ; the new baiTacKs in the rue de Monsieur; the theatre in the rue du Chateau, which is a neat plain build- ing; and a house situated near the palace, which was occupied by Henry IV after the assassination of his predecessor. The surrounding country is almost entirely cultivated with vines, except the park, which is of vast extent. There are four roads to St. -Cloud; ! namely, a branch from the Versailles road; that whidi I passes through Passy, the bois de Boulogne, and the village of that name; that which begins at the gate of the bois de Boulo^e, called la porie Maillot^ and traverses the wood in its greatest breadth ; and a new road called Avenue de VElysie CkarieSy which leads from the triumphal arch de TEtoik to the bois de Boulogne. The palace is situated to the left of the bridge on entering St. -Cloud, upon the southern slope of the hill on which th^ town is built, and commands a magnificent view of Paris and the smv rounding country. It is the general summer residence of the court, and is handsome, and convenient, but in point of architecture presents little to excite admiration } it is, however, distinguished by its beautiful gardens and park, its magnihcent cascades, and the master- pieces of painting and sculpture which it contains. It vy^as originally built in iS^a, by Jerome de Gondy, a rich financier. After his aeath, it was possessed conse- cutively by four bishops of Paris, of the same family, and was even then renowned for Ihe extent and beauty of its gardens and the omamenis which embellished them.
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Louis XIV porchaaedthe Chateau de Gondy in i658, and preflented it to his brother, the duke of Orleans, who spared no expense to improve and adorn it. The repairs and additions were executed under the direction or Le- paute, the duke's architect, and Girard and Mansard, the king's architects. Le N6tre was charged with the plantation of the park, and is thought.to have succeeded better at St. -Cloud than in any other grounds which he laid out. This magnificent seat of the dukes of Orleans remained in their family till 178Q, when it was pur- chased by Louis XVI for Marie Antoinette, his queen, who took great delight in St.-Cloud, added several I buildings, and often visited it, accompanied by the king. In 1790, this as well as the other royal palaces became national property. Napoleon always entertained a marked predilection for the chateau of St.-Cloud, which i had been the theatre of his first elevation ; and there he lived and transacted the affairs of his empire more fre- quently than at Paris. Upon the invasion by the allied armies in 1 8 1 4, the palace was respected ; but in i8i5, it was plundered by the Prussians, and Blucher es- tablished his head-quarters in it. Since the restoration many improvements have been made in the interior ar- rangements, but the buildings have undergone no ma-> terial alteration.
Palack. The palace of St.-Cloud is an irregular building, the principal front of which (i 4o French feet in length by 70 in elevation) is adorned with several remarkable pieces of sculpture. On the pediment is Time showing a dial surrounded by childi'en repre- senting the four parts of the day. The cornice is sup- ported by four columns of the Corinthian order, and is surmounted by allegorical statues representing Force, Prudence, Wealth, and War. The first storey is lighted by eleven windows, above which are medallions and ' iMis-reliefs exhibiting the twelve months of the year ; the middle one, in two compartments, comprises August and September. In the pediment of the right wing is Cybele, the goddess of the earth ; and in niches u>ur statues representing Youth, Music, Eloquence, and la Bonne Chere : in the pediment of the left winff iSiBel- DigitizedbyC^aDQle
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lona, and in the niches are statues of Comedy, Dancing, Peace, and Plenty. The statues are by Denizot; the soilptore of the pediments by Dnpont. At the en- b^nce of the court, on the left, are aU^^rical figures of the Seine and the Oise by Nantenil.
Imtkhoh. The first suite 6f rooms consists of the grands appurtemens, to which the visitor arrives by the grand vestibule. In this vestibule, to the ri^t, is the marble staircase, and to the left a stone staircase leading to the corridors of the apartments. It contains a fine white marble statue of Epaminondas, by Bridan ; two antique busts of Roman emperors, two cups in porphyry ; and two bas-relie&. The marble staircase leaos to the appariemens iPhonneur, which are showa in the following order: —
Salon db Mars.— In this saloon, which is adorned with «ight Ionic pilasters and four columns of marble, each of i single piece, are some excellent paintings by Mignaid, reue- sencing the forges of Vulcan, Who is accompanied bj ra, Fauns, and Bacchantes ; on the other side, Mara and Yeoai surrounded by Cupids and the Graces. The ceiling represciu the assembly of the Gods when summoned by Vulcan to wit- ness the infidelity of Venus. Above the doors are, 1st, Jo- lousy and Discord ; 2d, the Pleasures of the Gardens. Atths four angles of the ceiling is the device of the dnke of Oriesso, namely : a burstins bomb-sheU, with the motto, jiher poA fulmina termn It also contains a picture by Horace Venct, representing the duke of Angoul^me's return to Paris after ik Spanish campaign in 1833; four antique busts of Roman cs- perors and four handsome lustres. From this saloon we pan to the
Gallbet of Apollo,— > of which the paintings are also by Mignard. Above the door is Latona, indignant at the iasalU of the Libyans, demanding vengeance of Jupiter. The ceiUng presents nine pictures : the largest represents Apollo, or the Sun, coming out of his palace, accompanied by the hours of the day, over whom sephyrs spread dew ; Aurora appears in a car, preceded by Cupid scattering flowers, and Ldght dispels the Night and eclipses the Constellations. This superb pic- ture is accompanied by the Seasons. Spring is represented h; the marriage of Flora and Zephyr ; Summer, by the feasts oi Ceres, at which the priest is about to slay tlie victim ; Autumn, hy the feasts of Bacchus, where the god is seen in a ear drawn by panthers, accompanied by Ariadne ; Winter, by Boreas and His sons; the Pleiades are melting into water, and Cybela im-
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ploNt HetTcn; in the back-groimd is a stonny ocean^ the shores of which are covered with ice. In the curve of -the ceiling are four small pictures, viz : 1st, Ghrm^ne offering her son Phaeton to Apollo ; 2a, Circe, to whom Cupid offers enchanted herbs ; 3d, Thaeton faUing from his chariot ; 4th, ApoUo showing to Viitue a brilliant throne which he intends for her. At the end of the gallery is a picture of Parnassus, the musi- cians and poets being represented by a nightingale and swans. The windows are surmounted by fruit and flower pieces, by Fontenay. Eieht bas-reliefs in cameo represent— Apollo and the Sibyl, Apollo and Escnlapius, the judgment of Midas, the punishment of Marsyas, the metamoiphosis of Coronis, Daphne changed into a lauiel, Cyparissiis transformed into a cypress, and Qytie into a sun-flower. A portrait of pope Pius VII, after David, adorns this gallery, in which are two immense vases of Sevres china, of an oval form ; many other vases, a mat number of statues, busts, and groups in marble and ' Bronze; a beautiful collection of cabinets m buhl ; a bronze model of the statue of Henry IV upon the Pont-Neuf ; a model of the colunm of Trajan at Rome in marble and bronze ; an- other column to match ; and an extensive collection of ancient and modem pictures. The curtains are white silk with a border of green figured velvet, and the stools are covered with Beauvais Upestiy.
i Saloh bb Diarb.— The central cmnpaftment of the ceiling >'DresentsNi^t ; the four other pictures are Hunting, Bathing, Si>ep, and Diana's Toilet. The thmiture and hangmgs areof figv'^d green silk, ezcept the stools, which are coveted with Bea\ vais tapestry. This room contains two fine pictures by Ro- bert, representing ruins atNismes; another by Watelet, affording a view of the Vosges; a portrait of Louis XVIII at 15 years old; several vases, gronns and busts; among the latter are those of Louis XVi ana Joseph II ; and two lustres of cut glass. An object worthy of remark is a cabinet of lacker-work and mosaic-work, from which the diamonds of the crown were stolen at the Revolution.
The Chapbl is entered by a door from the Salon de Diane. It is 48 feet in length, by 26 in breadth, and vrill contain 200 persons. It is ornamented with pilasters of the Ionic order resting upon a basement of the Doric order. That part which faces the altar projects, and is supported by two columns which form a gallery or pew for the royal family. Between the pilasters are arches, in which are placed balconies. The windows, on the right, look to the park, and those on the left to the gallery of Apollo. The archivolts of the upper arches are ornamented with groups of angels by Deschamps. Bk>hind the altar is a bas-relief in stone, six feet in height ny five in breadth, representing the Virgin, the infant Jesus, St. Simeon, and St. Anne, by the same artist. The vaulted ceiling
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U painted en grUaiUes, by Sanimge. It it compoMd of a «»- tral compartment, in which are painted the oeleatial regioM. This is surrounded by twelve compartments above the piUs- ters; the four at the angles represent the CTangelists ; the four in the middle exhibit Truth, Force, Justice, and Charitr : the four others are the candlestick with seven branches, the pontifical ornaments, the tables of the law, and the ark of the covenant. The benches and royal pew are covered wilk crimson velvet.
Salon db Louis XVI. — This rcK>m is now used as a billiard room. The ceiling is painted in plaster colour, by MoCnch; in the centre is a representation of Truth, by Prndbomme. Above the chimney-piece is a portrait of the Grand Daupkin, father of Louis XV. The hangines are of green velvet, and the curtains of white silk with a border of green and gold ; the stdols are covered with Beauvais tapestry. The other oma- ments of this room are two lustres of cnt-glass; a naedallioa time-piece by Lepante ; a large blue china vase valued st 00,000 fr. ; a picture, by count Forbin, representing an erup- tion of Mount Vesuvius; four sea pieces, by Vemet; and a bust of Louis XVIII.
Salon ns jbu.— The ceiling is painted as the preceding, by the same artist ; in the centre are eight cupids ; forming a circle. The hangings and furniture are of blue silk wrongfat with gold. The ornaments are a beautiful and valuable moaaic table presented by Leo XII ; a lustre of German cut glass and bronie gilt ; four pieces by Vemet ; two models of triumphal arches ; a clock, by Lepante, representing the death of Lu- cretia ; rich candelabra, vases, etc.
Salon ns Rkcbption.— The ceiling is painted as that of the foregoing room. The figure in the middle representing Aarora, is by J. Ducq. The hangings are of crimson and black Lyons velvet; the ftimiture is covered with the same; the cnrtains are of crimson silk with a rich border wrought in «old. Above tiie doors are two pictures, viz: Joseph and Potiphar's wife, by Spada ; and Clorinda and Tancrede, oy Tiavini: it contains two lustres of cut glass ; a clock by Robin of a pyramidal form, representing the signs of the Zodiac ; four laree candelabra in bronse, chased and gilt; two china vases, blue ground; two with goats* heads; two others, and a superb vase of Sevres porcelain, representing a conqueror in a triumphal car ; it is adorned with a medalbon containing portraits of Louis XVIII and the duke of Angonl^me ; and the pedestal is en> riehed with fine cameo; in wiiite porcelain upon a blue ground.
Salon nu Rboulatbiir. — It is painted in imitation of stucco ; and contains a regulaleurh^ Lepante, and a group of three females in hronxe.
From the state anartments the visitor proceeds by crossing a Intidmg to those of the Danphiness. The stajvcase leadmg to tliia
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UDdinp is wide and handsome ; tbe hall and Undings arc paved with black and white marble, and the balustrade is of wrought iron and bronxe of fine execution. The apartments of the Ihiiiphiness consist of the following : —
The AnTKCHAMBBR, whichis ornamented with figures of Cupid and Innocence in marble, and fine pictures representing cam- paigns of Louis XIV, leads to the
Sal OR d'Attbrtb. — Green hangings ; furniture covered with Beauvais tapestry. It contains a portrait of Marie- Antoinette sur- rounded by ner children, by mademoiselle Lebrun ; two views of Naples, by'Denis ; a view of the interior of the church of St. Roch at Faris ; a picture representing the reception of a novice by a community of nuns ; a bust of Charles X ; two beautiful mosaic pier tables; two China vases; two Japan China vases; and a bronze equestrian fieure of Marcus Aurelius. On the chimney piece is a fine clock m china, by Lepaute.
Salon db RxcBPTioR.—Hangings and furniture of yellow ailk with medallionvlike ornaments ; a cut-glass lustre ; a bust of Louis XVIII in the white porcelain called biscuit; a clock by Lepaute ; a bust of Charles X ; two round cups, of green porphyry ; a magnificent pier-table of Sevres porcelain ; hand- some candelabra, vases, etc.
Bbd-Room. — ^This was formerly the oueen's bed-room; the hangings are of sreen Lyons silk with yellow flowers and a rich coloured flower border; bed and furniture of the same. The room contains portraits of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette ; a Mrtrait of the Dauphin in ta]>estry of the Gobelins ; busts of Charles X and the Dauphin in biscuit; a clock; two China vases of an antique form ; and two fine pier-tables of petrified wood of great value.
The ToiLBT-RooM is wainscotted; the floor of different coloured wood. The fomiture is covered vrith blue silk ; the curtains are of white silk vrith a blue border. Here is a venr large and splendid looking-glass; a curious antioue ewer witn serpents for handles, and ornamented vrith a bana representing a triumph ; a tomb of Oriental agate ; a Sevres porcelaine vase ; and two vases of Oriental alabaster.
Woax-RooM.— Wainscottingwith fresco pictures and j
The furniture is of white Lyons silk wrought with gold, and a rich border of flowers in colours and gold ; the tables, etc. are of French wood. It contains a cut-glass lustre; several rich candelabra; a tomb of jade, and several costly cups of agate, jasper, etc. From the window of this room a fine view of Paris, St.-Denis, and the suirounding country is obtained.
The Bath-Room contains appropriate furniture.
The Dauphin's apartments are contiguous to those of the Dauphiness, and consist of
The DAirmiii's Bbd-Rooh. — Hangings of crimson and yel-
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low damask ; bed and f arnituie to ooireapoiid ; fofnUnc 4 citron wood : two antique vasea of asate.
Saloon. — ^Hung with blue silk; nmiture of tlie same mi gilt ornaments ; lustre of cut glass ; a clock ; two superb ^ tables of Florence mosaic work; a beautiful table of motbcrc l»earl ; a crystal ewer and two cups.
Salon db Rbcbption. — It affords a fine view of the gav^ by a central window formed of a single pane, ova wiiick 1 mirror slides by touching a spring. The hangings are of yelkn silk ; the furniture of the same, and the curtains of white li with a rich coloured border. The ornaments of this foom
the hour in all countries ; two landscapes by Vemet ; a pica representing a rendettfous de chaste ; and a cut-glsisa Ins&t This was formerly the king's bed-room.
Salon o'Attbntb. — Hangings green silk; fdmitore of tk same. It contains a bronse statue of Henry IV when a child ; 1 marble bust of Louis XVI ; a lustre of cut-glass aund sewd vases in crystal and china. The pictures are four sea-pieca bv Vernet ; and pope Leo X visitmg the work-room of lb- phael, by Marlet.
The Billiarik-Rooh is hung with paper ; lustres of cut-gba It contains six large pictures of animals, vases, etc., andaiae flower piece in porcelain.
Antbcbambbb.— This room was newly furnished in MaT,lSli From hence, the door leads to a staircase, in the vestiwc tl which is a large candelabrum in white marble, with awae valued at 20,000 fr. In the walls are two bas-reliefs : theosi representing Hippomenes and Atalanta ; the other the Gctdds offspring, by Deschamps. The balustrade of richly wronck steel and brass is particularly worthy of notice.
From hence the visitor proceeds to the King's prwtit apartments* .
The DiNiNG-RooM is of granite in imitation of stucco, SBij contains a fine clock by Lepaute, representing Study.
The Gabinbt is hung with green silk wrought with gold; furniture to match. It contains portraits of Louis XV snd kii
Sueen ; Louis XVI and his queen ;Xouis XIV when young ; ma- amc Adelaide of France ; and the Grand Dauphin and.Daii' phiness, fother and mother of Charles X. ■ There is also a clod oy Lepaute ; and some fine vases. '* * ^
The Dbbssing-Room is hung with blue damask, bordered with brocade ; furniture to match. > The King's Bbd-Room u hung with rich white Lyons ailk or-
, * When the Tiritor eaten by the §r<n4 sUirce»e. the order here nvcii ii
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namentcd with flowers ; fanitiire to match ; and contains some rich candelabra.
The Library, which contains 7,000 volumes, is plain.
Thrbb Saloons contain some tapestry of Beauvais and the Gobelins, portraits of Horeau and Pichegru, and several antique vases imd cabinets.
TheSALLR ns Granit, or nxs Garms, is ornamented with portraits of the Yendean generals. A fine view of the oran- geiy is obtained from this room.
In the left wing, on the first floor, towards the court, are a suite of apartments appropriated to the use of the duchess of Berry. They are plain and not shown. -
The apartments of the duke of Bordeaux and Maob- MOiSBLLi are above the state apartments, but are not sbown. A light suspension bridge leads from them to the montagne du Troaiddro^ a hill formerly called le Montretoul, which is planted as a garden, and is appro- priated to the exercises of the prince and princess, the bridge affording them access to it without the neces- sity of climbing the steep ascent. A gymnastic school has been erected here lor the use of the duke of Bor- deaux. Durinc the summer, entertainments are given by their Royal Highnesses upon the monlagne du Tro- caddro to juvenile parties.
Having thus finished our description of the apart- ments ofSt.-Cloud, it is requisite to observe that, as the furniture of the royal palaces is frequently changed, our account may soon after its publication be incorrect in some particulars.
Park. The park is remarkable as a whole, and for the pleasing variety of its different parts. It is about four leagues in circumference. Since it was opened as a public promenade, it has ever been a favourite resort of the Parisians. When Marie Antoinette purchased St.«C!loud, she left the entrance of the park free to the public as before, but resei*ved, as a private walk for herself, the part adorned with statues, and had it en- closed with palisades, which were repaired by Na- poleon. Thus the park is divided into two parts, one of which is surrounded by the other. The former is called le petit p€ux>y the latter le grand pare.
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The pietii pare begins at the chatean, and extends to the left, ahnost always oa the ascent, to the snmviit of the hill. On the riffht only, and below the chateau is a sort of valley, which has its appropriate beauties. This park contains eardens and flower-beds ornamented with groves, and pieces of water, and is decorated inridi statues. In the parterre de Forangerie are allegorical figures of the four Seasons ; and on the right are An- tinous, by Bonazza; Diana^by Coysevox fwho, under the features of the godd^SJS^ ha&s exhibited Marie Ade- laide of Savoy] ; two vases of white marble, the handles i^epresenting heads of satyrs ; Bacchus, by Pusini ; and Ceres. On the left, Hygeia, Juno, the Discobolus, Melpomene, by Coustou, junior ; and two vases, adorned with bas-i*eliefs, one displaying the triumph of Thetis, the other that of Amphi trite. Bassin des trois Bouillons: Health, Sickness, the Rhone, Cupid and Psyche, Cupid bending a bow. — Tapis des trots Bouillons : A sleeping Faun. — Salle de Verdure i Me- ieager, by Coustou. — Grand tapis s^eri: A Centaur. — Near the hassin SL-Jean : his. — Petite salle de Ver- dure : Hippomenes and Atalanta. Near the gouloites : the Wounded Gladiator. Above the goulottes : the Player on the Cymbals, and the Hottentot Venus. In the grotto facina the salon de Mars : Cupid playing with a Faun. — ^Near the b<issin du Fer-d-Cheual : Flora* a Rape, the Grinder, Bellona, and Apollo destroyins the Python. A part of the little park, to the left of tlie bassin des vingt-quatre Jets, is called la F^licitiiy and Is laid out as an English garden.
The grand pare extends from the Seine, from which it is separated by the road from S^res to St. -Cloud, to beyond the summit of the hill. The entrance is formed by two iron gates, one of which leads to the place ^ and the other to the grand avenue, which is planted with chestnutrtrees, and terminates in an esplanade called ' FEtoile. To the ri^ht of this avenue is a long range o( shops, constructed in 1807. These are let during the f&te of St.-Cloud, and the town derives a considerable revenue from them. Some are even occupied during ' the whole year. To these shops succeeds a ca/», anS^
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ej^ond it, on the Mine side, two plantations of chestnats :kd. limes, in the midst of which is the grand cascade. lie park, which stretches on the left as far as S^n^s, i intersected by fine avenues, planted with elms, some i T^hich are of a prodigious height. The entrance to bie park from S^res is hj two pavilions united by con gates, at the foot of the bridge. The cascade of it.-Cioud is divided into two parts; the first called la mute cascade, the other, fa Imsse cascade : at the mnmit of the first is a fine ^llup representing the Seine md the Mame, each reposing upon an urn from which v^ater issues, by Adam ; the figures at the extremities ire Hercules and Fauns, and those reclining upon the Balustrade represent the Seine and the Loire. Upon (teps from distance to distance are placed uiiis and ables from which water falls into basins situated one ibove another, the last of which supplies by means of an iqueductthe lower cascade, which is separated frcoi the upper one by the AU^ du Tillet. The basse cascade nearly resembles a horse shoe in form, and is not less imposing than the former by the abundance and rapid expansion of its waters; it is much larger, and produces a more striking effect. The water falls in sheets from one basin to another, the last pouring it into a canal a6i feet in length, by 95 in its greatest breadth ; along the canal likewise are la jets d'eau, which rise to a considerable height. The architecture of the cascade is ornamented with rock and shell work, dolphins, and other appropriate emblems. Nothing can be more enchanting than the spectacle it presents when in full play; the water is so judiciously distributed, thelorms in which it is thrown are so diversified, and the effect produced by the contrast between the soft murmur at the summit and the loud roaring at the point where it falls into the canal is so admirable, that many persons prefer it to any of the fine water works at Versailles. These cas- cades require an immense quantity of water ; it has been calculated that 5,700 h(^|i^ads are necessary to supply I them for one hour. The reservoirs which distribute the water are so disposed that the cascades can play every fortnight, for four hours together. It was constructed
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by order of M. d'Hervard, complroUer-geiieral of the : finances. Tlie grand jet d^eauy known also by the | name of the jet g^ant^ is to the left of the cascades, I situated in front of a fine alley, which iemiinales^ in the grand avenue, near the EtoUe; it rises ^wiik ! incredible force and rapidity to the hei^t of iqS ; feet, from a white marble basin, an acre in extent ! of which it forms the central point. Surrounded bj lofty trees, the water falls in a shower on their sominiU, and gives them freshness and life. It consumes 600 hofffiheads of water in an hour, and such is said to be its ibrce that it is capable of raising a weight of 1 3o lbs.
One of the finest spots in the park, is that upon w^hick is situated the Lantern of Demosthenes. During his stay in Turkey, M. de Ghoiseul caused a model and drawings to be taken of the Athenian monument, by Lysicrates, vulgarly called the Lantern of Demosthenes. A copy, after the model and drawing, executed in earthenware by the brothers Trabuchi, figured at the public exhibition of the productions of French indnstiy in i8o3. This object attracted the attention of Na- poleon, who ordered an obeUsk to be built for it on the spot which it now occupies. A spiral staircase in the interior leads to the summit, from whence a varied and magnificent view is obtained. During the imperial government, this lantern was always lifted when the council was sitting at St.-Gloud. It is now a geneni place of rendezvous for parties of pleasure, who when straying in the plantations fix upon the lantern as a point of meeting. The flower garden is situated at the extremity of the great park not far from Sevres, and contains nearly seven acres. There are several bnildingi belonging to this palace, which are worth a visit, as the orangery, the theatre, the stables, the numhgey and the pavulon de BreteuU^ which is the resid^ce of the governor.
Fm or Fa». The fiu of St.-Gloud begins on die 7th of September and lasts three weeks. It is the most celebrated in the vicinity of Paris, and attracts an im- mense multitude, particularly on the Sundays. It is held in the park, and no one, without having seen it.
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lan imagine the number of tradesmen, mountebanks, ^d persons of all classes wbo assemble together. The sist two Sundays the fete is still more numerously at- :<ended. Some visitors go to it by land, and others by water. In the evening the pleasures of Terpsichore and Momus crown the amusements of the day. Dances are formed on every side, and the music. of instruments resounds to a great distance. The grand avenue is brilliantly lighted up. The areas, which are the theatres of the dances, sparkle with thousands of lamps, and the cascades seem to roll rivers of fire. The f^te is kept up till a late hour. During the fdte, the state apaitments of the chateau are open to the public. The royal ma- nufactory of porcelain at S^vi*es is likewise open upon tbis occasion . The cascades and the grand jei Jteau play on each of the three Sundays, from three to five o'clock. Strangers who visit St.-Cloud are admitted to see all the suites of apartments in the palace during the absence of the court, and may visit the state apartments even vrhen the king and royal family make it their residence. Many endeavour to visit Versailles on tlie same day ; but, as the latter requires a whole day, they would do better, upon departing from St.-Cloud, to proceed to the porce- lain manufactory at 'Sevres, and the royal palace of Meudon, in the neighbourhood. They could then return to Paris by Issy and Yaugirard. Conveyances to St.-Cloud :— No. 8 bis, rue Duphot ; 6, rue de Rohan ; and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge. A steam- boat used to depart daily from the quai d'Orsay, hut it lias for the present ceased running.
ST.-CYR, A village in the ^at park of Versailles, five leagues south-west of Pans, is celebrated for the Maison da SL-Cyr^ an establishment founded by Louis XIV in 1686, at the solicitation of madame de Maintenon, for the gratuitous education of two hundred and fifty young ladies of noble birth ; and where, upon the death of that monarch, madame de Maintenon retired, and died in 1719. The plans of the building were furnished by Jules
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Hardonin Mansard ; and the worts wore carried on witb such actiyily, that ahhoagh only began the fint of Mny, 1686, they were finished on the first of May foUowing, and Ihe house was in a situation to receive the young ladies. Two thousand five hundred workmeii ^were kept constantly employed. In 1795, this institution was abolished, and the buildings converted into a mili- tary hospital. In 1806, Napoleon ordered the military school which he had formed at Fontainebleaa to be transferred to St.-Cyr, where it has since remained under the title of JScole mytUe spSciale mUUaire de St.-Cyr. The number of pupils is upwards of 3ooo. Conveyances : — 6, me de Rohan, and 3g, me Maxarine.
ST.-DENIS.
This town, which is two leagnes to die nordi of Paris, on the Calais road, owes its celebri^ to an ancient abbey of Benedictine monks, and to the circumstance of the kings of France having chosen its drarch for their place of burial. The chui*ch was dedicated to St.-Deni8, who was interred there, a^r marhrniom, with Rnsticas and Elentheros, about the year q5o. A pious lady, named Catulla, who had a field near the spot, erected a tomb for the remains of the three martyrs, over which a chapel was afterwards built. In the year 58o, kii^ Chilperic, having lost his son Dagobert, had his bodj transported to the chapel. This was the first prince known to have been buried diere.
Dagobert I founded the abbey of St.-Denis in the year 61 3, and dying in 638 was buried there. Clovis 11, his son, was a benefactor of the abbey. Pepin, father of Charlemagne, demolished the church, which had been greatly enriched and ornamented by Dagobert, and began one much more spacious on its site, which was finished by Charlemagne, and consecrated in the pre^ sence of that monarch and bis court, in 776. Of this church, there remain only the crypts^ or snblerranean chapels round the choir. It viras in these chapds that, fora century and a half before the Revolntion, the kings of France were interred. The number of the inba-
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bitanU of the town and that of the pilgrims having by degrees greatly increased, Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis, and regent d the kingdom during the first crusade of Loiiis YII, demolished the church, and built a more majestic one, of which the porch and two towers still I remain: It was finished in 1 1449 't^^ ^vas embellislied I by Suger, who sent to all parts of France for the most [ skilful painters, sculptors, goldsmiths, and glaziers. I The windows of coloured glass were of beautiful design , and execution. The church built by Suger appears to I have been wanting in solidity, as it was reconstructed , in the following centnir by St. Loais. From its having , been constructed at different periods, the plan of the church is irregular. To draw straight lines, the prin- cipal entrance should be at the spot occupied by the southern tower This want of regularity diet not escape , the notice of Peter the Great, who visited St.-Denis in , 1717. When king John was made prisoner by the Eng- lish, at the battle of Poitien, the monks of St.-Denis, apprehensive that their church would be attacked for the sake of plunder, resolved to fortify it. It is supposed that the baittlements which still remain at the lower part of the two towers, date from that period. The church of St.-Denis, therefore, as it now appears, was built at five diff^prent periods; the first in 755, the se- cond in 1 i4o, thethii>d in i23i, the fourth in iq8i, and the fifth in 1373. Few buildings of the kind in France can lay claim to such high antiquity. The constructions in the time of St.-Loms being raised upon those of Dagobert and Charlemagne, the edifice forms, as it were, two churches, of which one is on a level with the ground, and the other subterranean. Although irre- gular in its parts, this church is a vast structure of the pure Gothic style. Its form is that of a cross, and the nave is lofty and wide. The choir is elevated upon steps, and lighted by windows of painted glass. The building is Sgo French feet in length, 100 m breadth, and 80 in hei^t; the nave alone is i3o feet long. Each of the towers is supported by four enormous pillars ; and in the interior, the roof is snsUined by 60 piUars which form two aisles. The organ rests upon an arch of
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bold execution, extending the whole breadth of the i Previous to the Revolution, the three doors of the chuTGh were covered with bas-reliefs of bronze gilt. Until that eventful period were also seen on the road from Paris to St.-Denis, seven towers, 4o feet in eLevation, ornamented with statues of St. Louis and three of his sons. These towers marked the resting plaoes of king Philip when barefoot he carried upon his shoulders from the capital to St. -Denis the remains of St. Louis, his father.
The oriflamme^ that celebrated banner of the Frendi, which they regarded for so long a period as the palUt- dium of their country, was deposited in the church of St.-Denis. Whenever the kings of France went out to battle, they came in state to receive the oriflamme from the abbot, and confided it to an officer who was reputed the most valiant knight, and who made oath to preserve it unstained, and to die rather than abandon it. From Louis YI to Charles VII, it always appeared at the head of the French armies, and whether victorious or unsuc- cessful, was never captured. But, at the latter period, the white flag having become the banner of France, the oriflamme ceased to be held \tk veneration, and remained among the treasures of St.-Denis. It is known to have been still in existence in 1694, since wl^ch time it is no more mentioned ; but the manner of its disappearance is unknown. The oriflamme was of scarlet taffeta, cnt in three points, ornamented with gold stars and fringe, and attadied to a gilt lance. A model of this celebrated standard is suspended at the bottom of the choir, above the relics of St.-Denis.
No church in France was so rich in relics and orna- ments as that of St.-Denis. These valuable objects were contained in six presses ; but they were all dispersed and destroyed in 1790. The church was then converted into a storehouse for flour. But what principally excited the curiosity and admiration of the strangers who visited St.-Denis was the magnificent collection of lombs and monuments, which, during a series of ages, have been erected to the memory of kings, queens, princes, and heroes. At the Revolution, these were transported to
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the MusSe des Monumens Frangais, but since the rehim (A the Bourbons most of them have been res- tored.
In pursuance of a dcKsree of the Convention, in 1793, Ihe remains of the kings and cnieens of the three races of the French monarchy were disinterred, and thrown into two large trenches without the church, opposite the northern porch. In 1795, the lead was stripped from the roof, and brou^t to Paris, and a decree was passed to raze the building to the ground, with a view bo form a market place upon its site, but happily for khe arts a resolution so deplorable was not carried into »ecntion. After this period, the church of St.-Denis, baving been neglected for several yeai*s, had nearly fallen into ruins, when Napoleon gave orders, in 1806, for the church to be repaired, and the vault of the Bourbons to be restored for die sepulture of the princes and prin- Desses of his own dynasty. It was not his intention, however, to re-establish the tombs and monuments in die places from which they had been removed, but in order to show respect to the crown which he had placed on his own head, he directed an expiatory chapel to be consecrated to the kings who had been cast out from their tombs. Anxious to devote the descendants of Hugues Capet to oblivion, he decreed that this chapel ihould be ornamented witii statues of monarchs of the lecond race, and fixed upon those who might sanction [lis own title by having borne that kA emperor y viz . Char- lemagne, Louis I, Charles 11, Louis 11; Charles m and Charles IV . This chapel was not commenced before the Pall of Napoleon, but the statues of the six emperors, baying been executed, one in marble, and the others in »tone, they ^ were placed, after the restoration, in the lubterranean church. Louis Napoleon, son' of Louis Bonaparte, had been deposited in the vault of the Bour- [)on8, but- the remains were at the same time removed ind interred in the cemetery of the parish. The works jegun by Napoleon have been carried on since the res- :oration, and the edifice, although not yet finished, now lisplays a high degree of splendour.
To the left on entering is pai*t of the tomb of Dago-
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bert, built in the wall,* which is particularly worthjcl attention. It presents the form of a Gothic chapd dt corated with foliage, bas-reliefs, and a recumbent stati of Dagobert. In the first bas-relief, beginning at tli bottom, Dagobert is seen dying, and St. IJenis exhortiiii him ; in the second, appeara a boat with devils tormenti^
rr Dagobert's soul; in the third, are two angels, wii Denis and St. Martin, who walk upon the waves t the boat, and rescue the soul of Dagobert from the de vils, some of whom fall into the sea; in the fourd St. Denis, St. Martin, and St. Maurice hold the soole Dagobert in a sheet whilst anaels sprinkle incense upa it; in the last, St. Denis and St. Martin are kneeling be fore Abraham, and beseeching him to receive the soi into his bosom. The statues in front of the pillars an those of Nanthildis, queen of Dagobert, and king Oovi^ his son. In the wall, on the opposite side of the chorcfa, is the tomb of Nanthildis, which, when the monumenl was a detached chapel, formed the other extremitjr op- posite to that just noticed. It presents a statue of I^aa- thildis, and, in place of bas-reliefs, lozenges and flevS' de-lis. On the same side as the tomb of Dagobert art the magnificent monuments of Louis XII and Anseof Brittany, and Henry II and Catherine de Medicis. TW former was executed in white marble by Paul Pooer Trebati, and though in a Gothic style, displays the skill of the artist. The corpses of Louis XII and his qaees are represented upon a cenotaph surrounded by D arches ornamented with arabesques of fine executioot beneath which are placed statues of the i a apostles. Ttic whole rests upon a socle enriched with bas-relicfi representing battles fought in Italy by the French ; tbi triumphant entry of Louis XII into Genoa, ^nd, aboie all, the battle of Agnadel. Above the cornice of the Mausoleum are kneeling statues in white marble of Looii and Anne in full court dresses. The latter monumeol was executed hy Germain Pilon, after designs by Fri'
* This tomb is not that in which Dagobert was buried, hut one erected by St.-Lonis, the orieiiial one having been deatroyed by the Normans. The boa-relieri related to a vision 6t a kenait' earned John.
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maticcio. It is 1 4 feet in height by ten in breadth, and I a and a half in length. It is adorned with i^i compo- site cohnnns of deep blue marble, and 12 pilasters of white marble. At the angles are four bronxe figures representing the cairdinal virtnes* The corpses of Henry II and Catherine, in white marble, are repre- sented upon a bed. The portrait of the latter is given with remarkable truth, and die light garment thrown over her body is ex<{aisitely beautiml. Above the enta- blature are bronze statues of the same aovei'eign and his consort, in their state costumes, kneeling before a desk ; and in the basement are four bas-reliefs, i*epre- senting Faith, Hope^ Charity, and Good-Works. On the opposite side is the truly sumptuous tomb of Fran- cis I and Claude of Franee. Tbis monument, after the designs of Philibert Delorme, was erected in i55o. Statues of Francis and Claude after death repose upon a superb cenotaph, ornamented with a frieze in relief representingthe battles of Marignan and CerisoUes ; the statues, executed by Pierre fiotutemps, show that the artist was well acquainted with anatomy, and in Uie frieze the form of the cannon and the arms used in the time of Francis will strike the beholder. Above the cenotaph rises a grand arch enriched with arabesques and bas-reliefs by Germain Pilon, in whidi genii arc seen extinguishing the torch of life ; the immortality of the soul is expi^essed by an allegory of Jesus Christ ovei*coming the powers of darkness ; the four prophets of the apocalypse envelop these figures. Sixteen fluted Ionic columns support the entablature above, which are placed five statues of white marble in a kneeling pos- tai«e, namely Francis I ; Claude his queen ; the Dau- phin and the duke of Orleans, sons of Francis and Claude; and the princess Charlotte their daughter. The ceilings and subordinate ornaments of this splendid monument were executed by Ambt*oise Ferret and Jacques Chantrel. A monument is erecting here to the memory of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, and some parts of it are already finished. The statues of the king and queen, beautifully executed, are parti- cularly worthy of attention. ^ ,
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The Bortb and soulii doori are beautiiul; and above them are Gothic figures, partly gik) ooe refireaen^ Jesus Christ, and the other the Virgin Mary. On^ihe side of the northern door is a spiral ooluian to the memotj of Henry IH, who was sssassinaited hy Jacques^demeni, Angust ad, iSSg* It i^ omainented with ivy leav€ft» palm leaves,' and the letter H ; the ntn which oontaiK Ae heart of that inodarch having been destix>yed, tlv colnmn is now surmounted by a genius in white marUe With an inverted torch. On the other side of the doar is a composite oolumu of white marble in memory d Francis II, who died in 1 56 1. It iscl'owned by an nra, and the colnrim ha^ flames issuing fi'oih it, in alliuioD to the motto of the prince<^-^£.fimtfiz recUs. This mo- nument, after the designs of Primaticcio, ia also dceo- rated with genii and has three inscriptions. At the ooutli door is a beautiful marble column in honour of the car- dinal de Bourbon, which is enriched with an aUegoricii 'capital in alabaster ; on the pedestal are a bl«-reli^ rcpre- sentitig Jestn Christ ia the sepulchre, a master-pieoefif Jean Goujon, and two other bas-reliefii in alabartar. This monument is likewise ornamented with hranK statues of Peace and Plenty ; a statue with whidi k was crowned was broken to pieces at the RevoloUoa. On the opposite side of tibe door is a porphyry coiiai with a Corinthian capital, to the memory (^ Henry IV.
In approaching the choir from the nave we seeob | each side a door leading to the vaults, and near lh«B four statues representing the four caixlinal virtues^ wbidi once ornamented the monument of Henry II. At Hut entrance of the choir are two superb modem chapdi in the Gothic style, richly ornamented with marbk. painting, gilding, mother of pearl, and stones in imito* tion of precious gems. The hioh-altar was made fin- dw marriage of Napoleon with Maria Louisa, and wis placed on that occasion in the gallery of tlie Louvre. Napoleon afterwards gave it to the chdrch of St.-Denis. This magniflcent ahar is of veined black marhle» orna- mented with JUurs dm lis and the royal monagram in Told. The entire front is formed of a bas-reiief» in
^nze, representing the Adoration of the Wise A^.
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^bove are six Gaiid«1abi!B»9 a taJberoacle, aj^ Christ xipoB ibe cro68, the whole of broAZ^ €]|qfiisitely vvrou^t
richly gilt. It is only uncovered during divine service, which commeoces daily at ten o'clock. On each fide of the altar are two coi)Bole» oi sirailap marble ornamented with bronze. That to the left supports a IsuBp which hums continaaUy^ both day aqd iu|^t. Th^ choir is separaited from tba nave. by a superb railing ^ wrought iron and, bronze, e&ecutedin 170?; it was i«ino>red at the Revolution to the Biblioth^que-Maza- rinft, and thus iescaped de9tr«oti<Mi.
Behind the altar is a fine p<Mtico, near which is a shrine presented by Louis XYIII, contaixiing the relics of St.-Dems, whidb had been preserved in the parish- church. Behind the portico is the chapel of the Virjg[in. The front of the altar is omaaiiented with 9 curious antique painted bas-relief representing the Massacre of the Innocents.
The sacnsty is spadoos and hifrhly ornamented. It receives hcht at the two esLtremities. The ceiling is supported' by a range of wooden cohuQAS. It possesses some beautiful pictures, representing, i, the preaching of St.-Denis, by lionsiau ; 2, Dagobert ordering the eoastruotion of the church of St .-Denis, by Meua- aeot ; 5, the burial of Dagdbert, by Gamier ; 4? ^^ dedication of the church m the presence of Charle- magne, by MeyMer; 5, St.-Louis causing to be placed in the dkoir of St,*Denis the cenotaphs which he had enscted to the kings his predecessors ; 6, St.-Louis re- ceiving the oriflamme at his departure for the crusade, by Lebarbier ain^; j^, Philip bearing upon his shoul- ders the remains ot St.-Louis, his (ather, by Guerin; 8, the disinterment of the remains at St. -Denis, at the Revolution ; 9, Charles V visiting the church of St.- Denis, where he is received by Francis I, by Gros ; 10, the coronation of Marie de Aledicis, at St.-Denis, after Rubens, by Monsiau; ix, Louis XYIII commanding that the works at St.-Denie should be contioued, by Menjaud ;* la, Louis YI, on his death-bed, givii^ his
' The figurr of this picture was onjpnaUy Napolemi.
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l>enediction to his son, Louis VU, by Menjamd. The subterranean cbitrch contains tSie royal vanlt and such of the monuments of the ancient French kings and princes as escaped destruction at the Revolution. The foundations, waUs and pillars ar« of the time of Da«>- bert and Charlemagne. It consists of a semicirciuar gallery which surrounds the royal Tault. This vavh 18 situated immediately under the choir and the high- altar. When Napoleon destined it lei* a place of sepul- ture for himself and family, it was closed by two bronxe doors, to which there were thi*ee locks, and ^wiiich could not be opened without an order from the hand of Napoleon. These doors have been removed, but still remain at the entrance, which is now closed by two slabs of black marble surmounted by the royal anns and a crown. The entrance by which the bodies are lowei*ed into the vault is in the nave on the rig^t of the choir. The walls are cased with black marble and ornamented with stone pilasters ; tiie pavement is of white and black marble; the coffins, covered witb black or violet coloured velvet, wilH ornaments of go&d or silver, are placed upon iron bars. In the royal vanh are deposited the remains of Louis XYI and Marie Antoinette his queen; Louis XYIII; madame Ade- laide and madame Yictoire, daughters of Louis XT, who died at Trieste ; the duke of BeiTy, and two of his children. In a vault contiguous, closed by an iron railing, is seen the coffin of the prince de Gond^, who died in i8i7. It was placed there by special pennis- sion of Louis XVIII. \
On entering the subterranean church by the door oo - the left, we see near the entrance a bas-relief of the third century and a piece of Roman mosaic work. Here are monuments of the kings of the first race, namely, statues of Clovis I, Clotilde his queen, and Clovis II; figures cut in stone of Childebert, Glotaire IE, Thierry ni, and Ghilperic 11 ; and a figure of queen Fredegonde in mosaic-work. .Proceeding, we find monuments of the princes of the second race, viz., the marble sarco- phagus in which Gharlemaene was interred at Aix-la- Ghapelle ; a marble statue of that monarch ; fivo statues
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in stone of Louis I, Chaiies II, Louis II, Charles III, and Charles IV ; and cenotaphs (some of them with statues) of Charles Martel; Pepin-le-Bref and queen Berthe ; Carloman, son of Pepin ; Louis and Carloman, sons of Louis^le^B^gue ; and Eudes, king of Parts. Next come the monuments of the third or actual dy- nasty, consisting of cenotaphs, with one or two statues in stone or marble. The following is their order :. Hugues Capet ; Robert-le-Pieux, and Constance d' Aries, his queen ; Philippe, son of Louis VI ; Constance de Castille, queen of Louis Vll ; Henry I ; Louis VI ; Phi- lippe-Augustus ; Louis VIII. The chapel of St. -Louis is very remarkable : it contains figures and busts which are painted and gilt; the busts are : St.-Louis and Mar-r guerite his queen ; and the statues, the count de Nevers and Robert de Clermont, his two sons. The other cenotaphs are those of queen Blanche ; Louis and Jean, sons of St.-Louis ; Philippe-le-Hardi ; Charles, king of Sicily, brother of St.-Louis ; Louis, son of llie count d'Alencon; Philippe d*Artois, and Mai'guerite, his daughter; Philipperle-Bel ; Louis X ; king John, an in- fant; Louis, brotlier of Philip-le-Bel; Blanche, daughter of St.-Louis ; Philipperle^Long ; Charles-le-Bel ; Charles, grandson of Philippe III ; Jeanne de Navan*e, daughter of Loois-le-Hutin ; Charles d'Alen9on, brother of Phi- lippe VI ; Philippe VI ; king Jean-le-Bon ; Marie d'Es- pagne, wife of Charles de Valois ; Jeanne, widow of Charle»^le.Bel; Blanche, daughter of Philippe de Valois; Jeanne de Bourgogne, queen of Charles V; Charles V ; Marguerite, daughter of Philippe-le-Long ; Blanche, daughter of Cliarles-le-Bel ; Blanohe, second daughter of Philippe de Valois; Charles VI, andlsabeau de Bavi^re his queen ; and Charles VII, their son.
Formerly the monks of the abbey of St. -Denis were charged to watch and pray near the tombs of the kings of France. To supply their place Louis XVm, by an ordonnance of December a3d, 181 5, founded a chapt^, consisting of the grand almoner of France under the title oi primicier ; 10 canon-bishops and 34 canons of the second order, including six dignitaries. The king's chief almoner is also a canon of Uie order of bishops ;
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and the king's oixlinary and quaiteiiy almooere, tlie grand almoner's vicar-geaeral« and the t aperior of the clerks attached to the chapter, are canona of (the seooad order. Two solemn commemoration aervioes, in which the utmost pomp is dispkyed, are performed aBnuallj in this church, die one on the aist of January for the repose of the souls of Louis XYI and Muie Antoinette; and the other on the i6th of September, the anni- versary of the death of Loois XVill.
Opposite the royal vault is an expiatory chapel, ori- ginally planned by Napoleon but executed since llie lies- toration. It contains three altars, and the names of all the princes whose tombs were violated, are inseribed in gold letters on black marUe tablets on each side.
The ancient abbey of 6>t.4)enis, which had been rebuilt a few years before the Revolution, is now oc- cupied as a Maison rojrale d'Edttcation de Fordre roytk de la Ugifm,'^ Hotmeur^ which has two dependencies; one in the roe Barbette, Paris, and the other in tiie Hoiel-des-Loges, forest of St.-Gennain. Th«s ieslitu- tion was founded by Napoleon in 1809, for tlie gra- tuitous education of the daughters of such members d the Legion of Honour as had linuted pecuniary re- sources, or who had fallen in battle. The -chief home was originally at Eoouen, nnder the superinfteodenoe of the celebrated madame Campan, and had four dcfKn- dencies. Dpon the restoration, the chief house was established at St.-Denis, the dependencies were limited to two, the regulations were modified, and the tiiree houses placed under the direction of a religious con- munity named congr^galion de la Mire de Dieu, These houses ai*e under the control of the grand chahoeilor of the Legion of Honour, who presents the pupils to the king for nomination. The number of gratuitous pupils is fixed at 4oo, besides which 100 boarders are admitted. At the head of the honas is alady caiied/0 suruUendoHiey who has under her orders seven dames digniiairesy 10 ladies of die first class, 36 of the aeoond class, and ao novices. All the ladies of this house wear 'ons accoixling to tlieir rank. \e road leading to St.-Denis is -planted with a
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double row of trees on each side, and is intersected by a canal over wliich thei-e is a bridge. I^ town was once fortified, and some renains of the foitifiGations may still be seen. St. -Denis contains an extensive brewery, two sugar hoases, manufactories of ^eet-kad and printed calicoes ; a pretty theatre : and an esta- blishment of baths. The parish church is snrmoanted by a dome. Two buiidings, the one ibnnerly 4 con- vent of Dames Annonciades, amd the other a convent of Dames UrsoMnes, are now used as store-hoases for eera and flour. Beyond the town, on the road leading to Montmorency, fine and extensive barracks are seen on the left.
There ^re three coasiderabie fairs at St. -Denis . The most frequented is that called the iMfidil, wiiich opens on the Satufday or Wednesday ^eai^st the nth ol June, and lasts a fortnight. The t»econd begins on the 24th of F^iuary, and lasts also a fortnight ; the tbird on the oth of October, and laste ni^ days. The paro- chial fete is the Sunday after Bt-r-D^nis's day (OcSofcer gtfi). The number of the inhabitants is S^ooo.
An island on the Seine, ca^ed rile ^Amour^ has a very picturesque appearance, and is famous foi* excelfent craw-fish ; a great number of re^aurants and f^uin- gueites are estabhshed upon it, which are much fre- quented on Sundays. Conveyances:-— 12, rue du fau- bourg St.-Denis ; the entrance of the rue d'Enghien ; and the porte St.-Denis.
ST.-GERMAIN-E5J-LAYE Is a neat town of about 12,000 inhabitants, situated o|i the high road to Caen, five leagues west of the ca- pital. In ancient times Paris was suriXH>nded by vast forests, of which several poitions atiU remain. That called Sjrlva Liduy in the time of Charlemagne, was one of the most considerable. From this 'forest (laj>:e) the town of 8t.-Gerraain, thus called after St.-Gei*maiu, bishop of Paris in the fifth century, derives an addition to its name. The early kinss of France had a mansion art 6t.«Germoin, which was built by king Biobert, and where Louis-k-Jeune redded in 1 145 ; but At was Fran- Digitized by Google
69a BfiVlftONS or PkKlS I
cis I who chiefly contributed to make it a splmdid rojii resideooe, by building a palace. Henry Uy Charles IX. and Loai9 XIV were bora at St.-^^nnain. Henry IS took great delight in tliis palace, as did his son Louis XIA who died there in x643. Altei* the death of his mother, Anne of Aastria, Loois XIV, who never liked Paris, fixed his residence at St.-Germain. He made ^reat alte rations and additions to the palace and gardens, ad completed the magnificent terrace begun by Henry IV < It is half a league in length, and nearly one hnndrer feet in breadth; it is shaded by stately trees and con- mands a magnificent view. Louis XIV quitted St.-Gcr- main for Vei*sailles ; and when madame de Montespa succeeded in his affections to madame de la Valli^re, Ik gave the latter the chateau of St.-?Germain for ber resi- dence. It afterwards was oocupied by James n, ki^ of England, who kept a kind of court there for ten a twelve years, till he died, September i6th, 1701 . Undei Louis XV and Louis XVI the palace of St. Germain vra! abandoned. During the Revolution it was converted ink barracks, and Napoleon established in it a military .school for training cavalry officers. At present it serves asu hotel for one of the companies of the king's body goardi {compagnie de Luxembourg,)
Very little of the original internal decorations of t^e palace remain, but the position and extent of the va- rious apartments of Queen Anne of Austria, Louis XI\ and madame de la Valli^re are pointed out by the porter, who shows the building to strangers, and par- ticularly a trap door in the ceiling of the chamber d madame de la Valliere, through which the king, to avoid tbe vigilance of his mother, wiio was much op- posed to his intercourse with that lady, used to descend from the roof to visit her. A large portion of the rooitf occupied by James Ilara stiU to be seen, particularly hi< bedchamber and a small private chapel adjoining. JNotf of the furniture is left, but there is a sufficiency of th pannelling and its gilded mouldings to convey an ido of the style of decoration at the periods when the dtf teau was in its splendour. The views from the rod ve very Ime and interesting. The chapel is worths
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of notice ; altitougK it was for some time snfTered to ^l11 into decay, it nas been restored at a great expense -within a few years, and is now one of the most elegant buildings of the kind in France. The ceiling and walls vrere ongtnally painted and ornamented by Le Sueor. The gildmg is now superb ; the windows contain some line specimens of painted glass, and over the altar is a good copy of one of Poussin's best pictures. The chapel IS indebted for much of its magnificence to Louis XIY.
On the place d'Armes^ fronting the palace, a new church has been erected. The portico is of the Doric order, and has a handsome appearance, but is of di- mensions too large for the body of the building, which seems lost behind it. The interior is light and hand- some, divided into three aisles by columns of the Ionic order. The high altar is elegantly adorned; there are some very ^ood paintings, and the pulpit is finely carved and nchly gilt. In the comer, on the right of the entrance, is a tablet to the memory of James H, on the spot where a superb monument, now executing by the command and at the expense of king George IV, is to be erected.
The only house worthy of observation at St.-Ger- main, besides the chateau, is the Hotel de Noailles, which is remarkable for its elegant architecture and magnificent garden. It is now used as barracks for a company of the king's body guards (compagnie de Noailles). The principal branch of commerce at bt. -Ger- main is that of leather, the tanneries being numerous and employing a great number of workmen . The theatre is neat, and the Parisian actors perform in it occasion- ally. At the foot of the hill, near the river, is a mineral spring. The elevated position of St. -Germain renders it salubrious, though in winter the air is rather keen. Many English families have residences here, and as, in addition to the conveniences of several schools for both sexes besides the Royal College, a clergyman of the church of England performs divine service regularly in a chapel appropriated to that purpose, the number of English may be expected to increase. Two annual fairs are held in this town ; one called
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694 EJNViaONS OF PARIS :
fitiB de SL'^LauiS, the other Jiie de$ Ziogw. The first takes place at the enlntnce of the {bresC, neap Uie gale of Poiwy, on the Sunday after tiie aSth of Augost:, and lafits three days. The second, ^hich also lasts tiiree days, beffins on the first Sunday after the 3oth of Au- gust, and is held near the chdi&au des hag$$y a house dependent upon the maison royi^ de St.4)enis . * This fiiir being held in the midst of the forest has a pleasiiig and picturesque appearance, particularly at nidbt. It is nearly as much frequenlted as that of St .-Cloud.
The forest is the largest near Paris, and one of the finest in the kingdom ; it is said, to contain fiooo aeves, and is entirely surrotUided by walls. It is traverand bt good roaxls, and abounds in stately trees, the timh«r ef which is reckoned the best hrou|^ to Paris. In the centre is a rendezvous for the chace called chdteau de la Mueite. In order that strangers may not lose theinseftfes in the forest, guide posts have been placed at diflSsrent points to direct them in their excursions. Crossev also are met with at various ]:daces, which have been plsuitod in commemoration of certain events, or for othei* cansss now unknov^n. A great number of stags, deer, roe- bucks and wild boars, as well as small gune, are pre- served here for the royal hunt. There is also a phea- santry, surrounded with walls, and sown widi buck- wheat. The administration of the forest consists of a captain, a lieutenant, ^. sub-lieutenant, a chief game- keeper, horse and foot rangers and porters. The sail of the forest is in genei^ similar to that of the hois de Boulogne. Conveyances €-0-2 and i9, rue de Rohan<, and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
Situated a little below the village of Montmorency, three leagues and a half nordi of Puis, upon the Pon- toise road, is remarkable for its chateau, in the midst of a park of about five hundred acres, containing a magni* fi*^»» piece of water. This chateau belonged to the cele-
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brated marahai Gatinat, one of the greatest generals of L.cNiis XrV, who iied thejre in i743, and was buried in the church. The conntry round St.-Gratien is extremely varicMl and picturesque. Conveyances: — So and 5 1, rue du faubourg St.^Deni5.
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' st.-mandA.
This village consists principally of a long street pa- rallel to the wall of the lorest of Vincennes. It is about lialf a mile from the barriers of l^aris, and its houses ai*e for the most part country seats of the Parisians. There are also a considerable number of giUnguettes to which tlie lower classes of the capital flock on Sundays. F^te : — the Sunday after St. Peter's day (June 29th). Convey- ances :— 18, rue des Toumelles; aS, rue du Bouloy; 53, me Coquilliere ^ and place de la Bastille.
ST.-MAUR.
A celebrated villace, which some antiquaries suppose to have been foimded by Julius Caesar. It owes all its glory to an ancient Benedictine abbey, famed for the rc- gokrand meditative life of its monks. The celebrated Rabelais, afterwards rector of Meodon, was a monk in this convent, and is said to have composed there a great part of his Pantagroel. The library, the finest and the most extensive ol those times, now forms a part of the king's library, at Paris. Near St.-Maur, before the Revolution, was one of the most magnificent chateaux in the envirohs, which had successively belonged to the bishop of Paris, Catherine de Medicis, and the princes de Cond^. Having been sold as national property, it was demolished. It was at St.-Maur that the first essays in eomedy were made by the Confreres de la Passion^ in the reign of Charles V. This village has still many pleasant country seats. It is two leagues and a half sGuth'^ast of Paris. The soil is bad and unproductive. F<^:— the Sunday after St. John's day (June 24th). Con- veyances I-— ttS, rue du Vaubourg St.-Denis ; i5, rue de TEgoAt-St.-Paul; and place de la Bastille^ ,
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ST.-MAUR (rovT db). This village, two leagues and a half from Paris, at Uie south-east extremity of the bois de Vincenaes, owes Hi origin and name to a bridge over the Mame, ^vrhidi existed as early as the 12th csentnry* In 181 1 a canal was begun at a short distance below tlie bridge. The Mame here forms, by its windings, a l(ind of peninsula, which, from pont de St.-Maur to Gharenton, is scarcely half a mile broad, while the windings of the river form a course of full eight miles. The navigation in this long circuit being very difficult and dangerous, particulariy in winter, was the occasion of undertaking the canal. This very curious canal, or rather tunnel, terminating in a vast basin, is almost entirely cut out of the solid rock, and is arched over with a vault of stone 5o feet in hei^t. It is 3o feet in breadth and has a towing path 10 feet wide. This canal, with the basin, is capable of con- taining a thousand boats. Fite :— the Sunday nearest St. Laurent's day (August loth). Conveyances: — a5, rue du £ftubourg St. -Denis, aud place de la Bastille.
8T.-OUEN.
A leasne and a half north of Paris, on the left of fbe road leading to St. -Denis. It appears that at a very remote period the Kings of France had a palace in this village.
The chateau of St .-Ouen will ever be celebrated innis- tory for the events which took place there in 1 8 1 4 . It was here that Louis XVUI stopped cm the 2d of May, pre- vious to his solemn entry into Paris. The same eveninghe issued a proclamation promising to give a free constitu^ tion to the nation. The next morning, at deven, tbe king left the chateau, in an open carriage drawn by eight horses, in which were also the duchess of Angoo- leme, the prince de Gond^, and the duke of BourhoB, and entered Paris amidst an inunense concourse of peo- ple. The chateau, which was built in 1660^ under the direction of the architect Le Pautre, being oifered for --'^ in 1 8 16, was boi:^ht by Louis XVUI, who, after ^Hshing aud furnishing it, presented it to madame ^. Several other houses at St.-Ouen are worthy
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ST.<-OI3Etf— SCEiLOX. 697
of notice. One formerly belonging to the duke de Ni- vemois is remarkable for its fme gardens and running craters. Anodier, built in 1745 for the duke de Rohan, and subsecraently occupied by the minister Neckei*, was bought at the Revolution by a rag-gatherer (chiffojuderjy and is now the property of a banker. The house of M. Temaux, of a plain and noble style of architecture, is believed to have been built on a spot where king Da- gobert had a palace. Here may be seen some remark-* ably fine Thibet goats, whose wool is employed in the manufacture of the beautiful shawls and other articles for which the firm of Temaux and Go. is so celebrated. This seat possesses a number of silos^ or subterranean storehouses, for the preservation of corn, which, after being kept in them for several years, is found as fi^sh and good as though recently gathered in. Towards the end of May or the be^nning of June, some of these siios are opened annually in the presence of a great number of persons, notice of the day beiq|^ given to the public, who are invited to attend. The proximity of the canal of St.-Quentin renders St.-Ouen of some importance in a commercial point of view, particularly since a gare or basin for the reception of boats and lighters has been formed. A considerable fair is held at St.-Ouen on the a4th of August, and two following days. F^ie : — the first Sunday after August 25th. Conveyances : — 7 rue du Petit-Reposoir, near the place des Yictoires> and la, me du faubourg St.-Denis.
SCEAUX, Successively called Sceaux ColbeH, Sceaux du Maine ^ and finally Sceaux Penthi^vre^ after Uie difierent pro- prietors of the chateau, is a lai^ge village two leagues and a quarter south of Paris. The church, which is neat and elegant, particularly the porch, was built in 1677, by Colbert, who ako erected a most magnificent cha- teau, with an immense park laid out by Le Noti^. In T^oo, this estate was pmxhased by the duke du Maine, son of Louis XIV and madame de Montespan, after whose death it passed into the hands^of the duke
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of PentliieTre. At tlie Revolittioii the chfttoaa and park were sold m national prc^rtf, and the chateau denao- liahed* The mayor of Soeaux and some other persons associated and bought the part called the onoit^erte, which they converted into a pLaoe of amusement. Every Sunday, from the ist of May to Uie ist of November, there is a bal champStre in Ihis ancient garden of Col- bert, which is much frequented, and is without excep- tion the prettiest near Paris. The weekly cattle market, called Marche de Sceaux, is held on the road lading lt*om this place to Bourg-la-Reine. F^ie S'—ibB first Sunday after June a4th. Conveyances s— 11, impasse Gonti, and 10, place St.-Michel.
SEVRES.
This large village^ two leagues west of Paria, is situated on a hill on the high road leading to Veraailks, and is one of the most ancient in the environs of the metropolis, it being known to have existed in 56o. A fine new bridge of stone was begun in 18 ta, and was neafly' terminated when, in i8i5, an arch was blown up to pi*event the passage of the enemy. It has nnee been finished, and forms a fine entrukce to the village. At a short distance from the bridge, on the right, twa degant pavilions, with iron gates between thern^ afford all entrance into the park of St.-Glond.
The viUage of Sevres is principally celebrated for its magnificent manufactory of porcelain. Tliis establish- ment was formed in the chateau de Yinoennes, in 1708, by the marquis de Fulvy, governor of the chateau. In ijSo, the femners-general having purchased the ma> nafactory, resolved to transfer it to&vres. Tot his effect they erected a spacious edifice upon the left side of the road. It was finished and the manu&ctory transferred there in 1755. Louis XY, at the solicitation of ma- dame de Pompadoar, bought it of the fermers-gsneral in 1759, and since that period it has formed part of the domains of the crown. The manufactory of Sevres is a handsome building, and contains a museom con- sisting of a complete collection of foreign China, and
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the materials used in its fabrication ; a collection of the China, earthenware, and pottery of France, and the earths of which they are composed ; and a collection of models of all the ornamental vases, services, figures, statues, etc., that have been made in the manufactory since its first establishment. These models and speci- mens, vehich comprehend every kind of earthenware, from the coarsest pottery to the finest porcelain, are ar^ ranged in the following order t i , Etruscan vases, an* tique pottery, Grecian, Roman, and Gallic; a, foreign earthenware, delf-ware, and stone-ware. Here may be seen some delf-ware of die 1 5th century, the first that was varnished; 5, French earthenware, delf- ware, and stone-ware; 4 9 *^ interesting representation of the fabrication of porcelain, from the formation of the clay to the finishing. This closet also contains a spe- cimen of every defect to which porcelain is liable. A cup not weighing more than if it was of pasteboard is particularly entitled to observation; 5, porcelain of China, Japan, and India; 6, porcelain of the difierent manufactories of France, with a progressive table of the cmalities and prices to the present day ; 7, porcelain of Fiedmont, Tuscany, Prussia, Brunswick, Venice, Lom- hardy, and other Italian tovms ; 8, poroekin of England, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Saxony, Austria and Bavaria ; g, this closet contains specimens relating to the colouring of porcelain, glass, and earthenware, and of the defects to which it is liable. An aigrette in pink, white, and green glass, of the greatest beauty, should not escape observation.
In the library attached to the establishment diere are about two hundred volumes, with figures, con- sisting of travels, descriptions, etc., for the use of paint- ers. The room is ornamented with a considerable number of statues and busts, after the antique.
The porcelain originally manufactured at (Sevres, called porceleUne tendre^ was a composition of (dass and earths, susceptible of combining by fusion. That now manufactured, callea frcelaine dure^ i« formed of kaolin^ from the quarries near Limoges, alkali, sand, saltpetre, and nitre, to which, when in a stete of fusion.
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clay is added. It requires a ($reat fire to be hardeofid.
What is called biscuit de sivres is this suiMtanoe not enameUed. The paintines are executed upon the por- celain after it is hardened, and it then requires only a slight degree of heat to fix the colours and enamel. The director of the manufactory lias successfully applied the pyrometer to the firing of porcelain after it lias been painted. The pyrometer is a kind of steel-yard with a needle placed at the exti^mity of a bar &ree feet in length. In the middle of this* bar is a tube containing twenty-nine inches of porcelain and seven inches of silver. That end of the bar at which tlie silver is placed is introduced into the oven in wKich the porcelain is to be fired, and the heat by dilating the silver sets the needle in motion by means of a wheel at the extremity of the bar, and this shows the degree of heat required. In firing of porcelain wood alone is employed. An ingenious method has also been disco- verad of printing the patterns upon porcelain, by which the execution is more perfect, and is effected in much less time. The beautiful blue known by the name of bleu de Sevres, the manner of obtaining which was supposed to be entirely lost, was i'e*discovered by the director M. Brongniait, who likewise applied hin^elf with the greatest care to find out the art by which the beautiful glass in ancient church windows was coloured. His exertions wei^ crowned with success. In one of the show-rooms may be seen a beautiful Sappho ; and in the museum some other pieces which in colour equal the ancient specimens, except tlie red, which yet re- mains undiscovered. The workmanship of the royal manufactory of Sevres is much more highly finished than that of any manufactoiy in France, notwitiistanding the same substance is used. The white porcelain is higher in price than that of any other manufactory, on account ot the exquisite and di£icult shapes of the articles. The painters of the manufoctory of S^ntcs are of the first merit, and the principal artists of the French school take pleasure in giving counsel to the painters of Sevres.
Tlie number of workmen exceeds i5o. The expenses.
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SEVRES — SOISS-^-SOUS-l&TIOLLE. 70I
-which are paid by the Civil List, amount to 25o,ooofr. or 5oo,ooo fr. a year, but the receipts are equal.
The show-rooms of this manufactoiy, which con- tain a splendid assortment of rich and costly articles, are open daily to strangers, who may purchase any articles they please. During the f^te of St. -Cloud an exhibition of the productions of the manufactory takes place in the show rooms, which are thrown open to the public for three days. An exhibition is also made every year at the Louvre, when the king selects such objects as he thinks proper, for which the price fixed is paid. Presents to foreign princes and ambassadors are also manufactured here. One of the most splendid vases ever manufactured at Sevres was presented by Charles X to the duke of Northumberland, who attended his coronation as the representative of George IV. There is a d^p6t of articles for sale, at No. 18, rue de Rivoli, Paris, which is well worthy of a visit. Con- nected with this estabhshment is a school to encourage the art of painting on glass. '^ Applications for visiting the work-shops must be addressed to Monsieur ie Vicomte de la Rochefoucault^ No 119, rue de Grenelle St. -Germain.
The church of Sevres dates from the i3th century, but a considerable pait is of modern construction. Behind the manufactory, upon an eminence, is a small house in a fanciful style, called le Pavilion de Lulljr, in which that great master in music composed a part of his works.
The valley of Sevres is bordered on both sides by nu- merous quaiTies; but good stone is scarce. F^te: — ^the Sunday after June a 4*h . Conveyances :— -a and 4 , rue de Rivoli ; 6 and 20, rue de Rohan ; and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
SOISSY-SOUS-ETIOLLE. A village in the department of Seine and Oise, seven leagues south of Paris, agreeably situated on a gentle declivity on the right bank of the Seine. The view of
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the magnificent chateaux, particidarij the one pur- chased by M. Aguado, called Petit-Boorg, and richly cultivated hills on the opposite hank, fonn a most de- lightful landscape. This village and its vicinity cank highyfrom the numbers and respectability of tbeir gentry; and their pix)xiniity to the forest of Senart renders it a sporting country. A little beyond Soissy, on the left, are tviro chateaux, one of which belonged to the cele* brated Duhamel, president of the tribonal of ooodBieroe of Gorbeil, and the other to Normandd'EtioUe, husband of the famous madame de Pompadour. The river maybe ci'ossed in a ferry, and numbers are seen waiting for the arrival of the steam-boat which plies between Paris and Montereau . FSte : — i Sth of August. Conveyances r — roumiquet-St.-Jean, facing the Hdlel-de-yille, and 37, rue Geoffroi'Lasnier.
STAINES,
A village about three leagues north of Paris, is cek- brated for its magnificent chateau, and fine park and gardens. Conveyances: — 5i, iiie du faubourg St- Denis, and rue d*£nghien.
SURESNES, A village at the foot of Mont-Calvaire, two leagues west of Paris, was formerly famous for its wines. It is remarkable for the crowning oi^eRosi^re^ which takes place there on the Sunday anier St. Louis's day, (August 'iStb). According to the foundation, the rector is to select, after vespers, three of the village girfs, ahote eighteen years old, most distinguished for their gqod conduct; and is to make his choice known to the syndics and marguUUers of the parish. The latter assemble about six in the evening, and proceed to the election of the Rosi^re, by ballot. The fortunate girl is crowned with a garland of roses, and receives 5oo francs, after \vbich a ball is given. Conveyances ; — 33 1, rue St.- ' and place Louis XVI, at the foot oif the bridge.
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VAUGIKikllD — VERSAILLES. 7o3
VAUGIRAfiD.
This large village, contiguoas to the walls of Paris, is much frequented by the labouring classes on Sundays, and therefore abounds with guinguettes . The quarries of Vaugirard present the following strata : — ^first, 1 8 beds of calcareous and argilaceous marly forming a mass al>out nine French feet in thickness ; then, strata of coarse limestone, containing lucines, ceriies, and miUio- lites, in prodigious numbei'S ; immediately below a red stratum, almost solely composed of cerites, is a layer of marfy limestone, widi numerous impressions of leaves ; this is between two strata, which contain a similar spe- cies of marine shells. The whole of the strata are of limestone, containing a great variety of fossil shells. Conveyances : — 6, rue Christine ; 3^, rue Mazarine ; and a 6, rueDauphine. *
V£RSAILI£S.
This large hftndBoaae town, formerly a part of the pTKmnce called TIle-de-France, and oi the diocese of Paris, is situated at four leagues from the capital. It is the chief town of the de|)irtment of the Seine- etrOise, the see of a bishop, and Ike seat of a prefecture, and three tribuaaiB, namely, a oourt of ciiminal justice, a tribunal de premiire instance, and a tribunal of com- meroe: it also possesses a royal cavalry school, an agri- cultural society, and a ooliege.
The earliest notice of this plaoeis in a charter, granted in io37, by Odo, count de Gharlres, in which one of the witnesses is styled Hugo de Fersaliis, It conti- nued a mean villa^ till the reign of Louis XIII, who built a hunting-seat tiiere . The attachment of Louis XIII to this residence induced many of his courtiers to build houses near it, boft it was not till the reiAn of Louis XtV that Versailles became remarkable. When that prince had determined to build a sumptuous palace, he wished also to hove a town to correspond with it. He therefore gave great encouragement and granted many privileges to those who built houses at Versailles ; so that in a few years a magnificent town arose. At the
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Revolution, the popuktion of Versailles was computed at 100,000 souls, but at present it does not contain 3o,ooo inhabitants.
The palace of Versailles was begun by Louis XIV, in 1664, and finished in 1702. The ^dens and. park were laid out by Le Notre. Beyond the eardens he formed a second enclosure, which is caUed the little park. Its circumference is about four leagues. At the exti*emity of the little park, Le Noti^ established a third enclosure, which is 20 leagues round, including the sinuosities, and contains several viUages. The monej expended by Louis XIV, in forming this splendid resi- dence and its dependencies, is computed at between 3o and 4o millions sterling! This profusion was one of the ] causes of the misfortunes which clouded the end of his ] long reign, and contributed to hasten the progress of 4 the Revolution. According to some authors, this mo- \ narch destroyed the accounts of the enormous sums i which he squandered on this structure, in order to con- ceal the expense from his cotemporaries and posterity. I
Plack d'Abmbs. — This place is in front of the palaoe, and in shape is a kind of truncated triangle, the greatest breadth of which is about !i6o yards ; it is formed by the three great avenues de Paris, de Sceaux, and de St.-Gload, which open into it. The king's stables are in the placf d^Armes^ immediately opposite the palace, and, except the latter, are the finest buildings in Versailles. They form two separate structures on each side of the avenue de Paris, and are considered the chef-doeuvre of Man- sard. They present, at the bottom of couits inclosed with handsome iron railings, two immense fronts in the shape of a horse-shoe, each havin|^ in the centre a loffy gateway, ornamented with trophies in bas^i^ief, and surmounted by a pediment, in the tympanum of which are three horses' heads in stone ; above this is a second pediment, with the arms of France suworted by two f] ^res of Fame . From the extremities of the front two wmgs proceed and join the iron railing. The stabling ^^ ftnfficient for 900 horses. The houses in the place "^y being irregnlar, deprive it of much of its beauty ; s defect is further augmented by a series of sheds.
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in the form of o^y tents, pitched in the piace^ which are occupied as a goard-house, etc. Orders have been given for the erection of an equestrian statue of Louis XI V, in bronze, in the place d^Armes ; with tlie inscription— La France d Louis XIV,
Grand court. —This court is separated from the place d^Armes by an iron railing 55 1 French feet in length, 'which is terminated by two groups in stone repi^esenting victories of the French, the one over the Empire by Marsy, and the other over Spain, by Girardon. The central gate is remarkably splendid, being surmounted by the arms of France, and a crown, which, as well as the lance-heads of the pahsades, are richly gilt. The court is skirted by two piles of building of simple archie tectui*e, originaUy intended for the king's ministers. Beyond these are two pavilions ornamented witli co- lumns of the Corinthian order, and pediments in which are the arms of France supported by Justice and Reli- gion. These buildings being executed in stone produce an unhappy effect with the red brick front and winos, remains of the hunting seat of Louis XIII, and at tne same time, from the situation in which Uiey are placed, they at once hide the chapel from the view, and mask the fine prospect from the court, which would otherwise be afforded by the avenues de St. -Cloud and de Sceaux. The court was formerly divided into three parts by two intermediate rows of palisades, which were destroyed at the Revolution, the first being called la urande cour, the second la cour rojrale, and the tbira la cour de marbre. The latter, although' no longer separated by palisades, may still be considered as a separate court, as it is ascended by five steps, and is entirely paved with black and white marble.
FaofiT TOWARDS THE COURT.— This frout hais only seven windows in its breadth, and the two wings contiguous are built of brick, in the style of the i6th oentui79 and in an architectural point of view, present 9. mean ap^ pearance ; but viewed as a whole with the stone build- ings on each side they have a theatrical effect, particu- larly as the wings are placed in a slanting direction, so that the court gradually diminishes in breadth and has
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its narrowest part at the front. The stracture is crowned witli balustrades and scolptare richlj gilt, and oma- mented with vases, trophies, busts, statues and gronpi. A balcony of white marble is supported by eight Dovic columns of beautiful coloured marble. TheboBtSy nearly all of white marble, and either antique or imitations of the antique, are 80 in number, and placed on brackels between the windows. The statues and gronpa mixatf with vases and trophies which crown the baluatmdes, { are, beginning on the right : — Riches, by Marsj ; Jm- tioe, by Coysevox ; Pallas, by Girardon ; Pradence, by Massou ; Diligence, by Baon ; Peace, by Regnao- din ; Europe, by Legros, and Asia, by Massou, ia one group; Faroe, by Lecomte; Victory, by TEraio- gola ; Africa, by Lehongre, and America, by Ke- gnaudin, in one group; Gu>ry, by Regnaudin; Antlio- rity, by Lehongre; Riches, by the same; Generosity, by Legros; Force, by Coysevox, and Plenty, by Marsj. The two recumbent fioures which form a kind of pedi- ment in the pavilion of the front are the God of War, by Marsy, and Loui^ XIV, under the figure of Hercules, bj Girardon. The clock which they appear to support u merely a dial-plate destined to mark the hour of the last king's death.
The chapel, which is seen in passing from the court to the garden, is attached to the palace on the west and the north, so that the only parts visible are the soutfaen side and the eastern extremity. It is ornamented with fluted Corinthian pilasters, with sculpture formeriy gilt and groups in stone. The balustrade which surrounds it is crowned with a8 stone statues, nine feet in hei^t, i^resenting the 11 Apostles and several Fathers of the Church.
Front towards the gardkm .-— This front, called also Ut facade neuve, presents a large projecting mass of build- ing with two immense wings, and, including the tfat^ee sides of the projecting body, is 1800 French feet in length. It consists ofa ground floor, a first floor, and an attic, lighted by 3^5 glass doors and windows. This structure has been justly criticised for the immense pro-
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ection of the central toass, the disproportionate length Di tbe vringv, the want of proportion between its height imd its length, its monstrous uniformity, and the fan- tastical or rather barbarous capitals of the pilasters of |the attic. The balustrade which crowns the edifice ^as formerly surmounted by vases and groups, which have been destroyed by time. Along the immense length of this fa9ade there is no pediment, no pavilion )or other variety to break the monotony, except peris- ^les of Ionic columns which decorate it from distance to distance, with a sort of uniformity. These peristyles are 1 5 in number, namely three in the front and three on each side of the projecting mass and three in each of the Wings, without reckoning those which adorn the ends of the wings. The total number of columns forming tlie peristyles is 86, and above the cornice which they sup- port is the same number of stone statues. A few statues may also be observed in niches. Those above the peristyles of the front of the central building represent Apollo, Diana, and the twelve months of the year, and the two in niches beneath are Nature and Art. The othera represent Divinities and Nymphs, Yirtnes and the Arts. I A creat number of these figures are mutilated. The arched windows are ornamented with well executed bas-reliefs, but their great distance prevents them being distinctly seen. Ikterioh . — >To visit the apartments the stranger should I enter the gate near the chapel, proceed down the cor- I rider to the right and take the first staircase on the left ; this leads to an upper corridor, atthe extremity of which on the right the apartments are situated. The apart- ments are most superbly decorated, but the visitor will be greatly surprised at finding that none of them are furnished. Some of the rooms are covered with costly marble of various colours ; some are of wainscotting en- riched with gilding; and the walls of others having been deprived of their ornaments, their nakedness is concealed by pictures from the pencils of distinguished artists. These pictures, however, being frequently re* moved and others substituted in their place, we shall
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not attempt a deicription of theniy bat confine our noti to the aumeroiu works of art that are permanent, takii the rooms in the order in which they are shown.
Tu YiSTiBULE is paved with marole, and contains bas-relief, by Paget, representing Alexander before t) tub of Diogenes.
The Chapel was begun in 1690, and finished in iju Voltaire considers it of ill proportions, and ridicuiooil long. He says—
Ge colifichet fastneux,
Qui da peuple eblouit Ics yeas
Et dont le connoisseur se raiUc ;
but it certainly forms altogether a -magnificent ud splendid work of art, which cannot be seen withooi admiration. It was the last work of the celebrated ar- chitect Jules Hardouin Mansard. This chapel is forCj- four yards in len^h without the walls ; it is decorated with sixteen C!orinthian columns, and twenty-two half columns, and is lishted by 34 windows* The pavemejit is of costly marbles of diiSerent colours, divided into compartments and wrought in mosaic work. The ba- lustrades of the galleries are of beautiful marble and the balusters of bronze gilt. The vaulted ceiling is covered witli paintings. In the central compartment is seen the Eternal Father seated upon clouds and surrounded by angek, by Antoine Coypel. That above the hi^ altar represents Christ rising from the dead, by Lafosse; and that of the opposite extremity, the Descent of the Holy Ghost, by Jouvenet. Above the organ is seen a concert of angels in three groups, and above the side galleries are the twelve Aposdesby the two Boulongues. The other figui^es are the four Evangelists, St. -Louis and Charlemagne, incamaieu, by Antoine Coypel. Between the upper windows are la prophets who predicted the coming of the Messiah, by Coypel. The chapel of the Virgin on a level with the galleries should not escape attention. The paintings are che/s-d^aeuvre of Bou- longue, junior, particularly that of the celling which represents the Assumption. In the pendentives are ^h bearing attributes of the Virgin ; the altar piece is
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't\ie Annunciation, and beneath it is a beaatifal bronze ^bas-T^Hef of the Visitation, by Coustou. Ck>ntigQOU5 to *this chapel is the altar of Ste. -Theresa, decorated with "a painting, by Santerre, of Ste. -Theresa pierced by an ^angel with a miraculous arrow which fills her with , divine love ; and a bas-relief representing her death. ^Before the stranger quits the gallery, he should notice "in the royal pew two admirable bas-reliefs, viz., the Circumcision, by Poiriet ; and Christ in the midst of the Doctors, by Coustou. — ^In the aisles beneath the galleries are seven chapels or altars ornamented with costly marbles, gilding, bronze bas-reliefs and pictures, namely: I J that of Ste.-Adelaide : a bas-relief of Ste.-Adelaide ' making presents to St.-Odillon, abbot of Cluny, when ^ takinc leave of him, by Adam, senior; 2, that of ' Ste. -Anne : a bas-reUef of Ste. -Anne teaching the Virgin ^ to read, by Vinache; 3, that of St. -Charles Borromeo: ' a bas-relief of St. Charles imploring God in a solemn ' procession to stay the plague which desolated Milan, by ! Bouchardon ; 4» ****' of tibe Sacred Heart : a beautiful I chapel covered with marble. Opposite it is seen a pic- ' ture, by Sylvestre, of Christ washing the feet of his dis- ' ciples. Here fonnerly was a superb crucifix, sent by ! Augustus, king of Poland, to his son-in-law the dauphin, ' father of Charles X, but which was pi^esented by Na- ' poleon, after his coronation, to Pius VH; 5, that of St. Philip : a bas-rehef in bronze of the martyrdom of St. Philip, by Coustou, according to some, or Adam, senior, according to othei*s ; 6, that of St.-Louis : a pic- ture in which St.-Louis is seen dressing the wounded after the battle of Massouri, by Jouvenet ; and a bas-relief representing that monarch serving the poor at table, by Poiriet; 7, that of Ste.-Victoire: a most beautiful bas- relief, in which the saint appears suffering herself to be massacred rather than ofi'er sacrifice to Jupiter. The high altar does not correspond in richness with the rest of the chapel; its form is simple; the two adoring angels, the halo, the mysterious triangle, and the cherubim in bronze gilt, are by Coustou. The organ is considered, in respect of execution and ornaments, one of the finest in France. The persons who show the
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palace to vimtors are acciistoined to conduct tbem iaJ the gftliery only ; but to form a full idea of the ma^ ficence of the chapel, they should descend into the bd of it. Those who have the opportanity would do w« to attend divine service » when a complete vie'w-of it wu he obtained.
Salon d'Hiicule. — ^This saloon derives its name frm iu magnificent ceiling, representing the Apotbeosb ( Hercoles, by Lemoine. It is one of the largest compot tions in existence, its dimensions being 64 feet by 54. I contains 14^ figures divided into nine groups, in whid the gods and ^ddesses, distinguished bj tbeir dbiara teristic attributes, appear without confiosioa. Hercok is seen approaching with modesty the youthful Heb whom Jupiter ofiers him for a wife. In front of tb entrance is a magnificent painting, by Paul \eroueat of Christ at the house of Simon the Pharisee, when tk woman who was a sinner washed his feet with her tears, and wiped them with her hair. This nuigtiificat picture, which contains 43 figures, was in the coDwai of the Servites at Venice. The monks refused to 9d( it, notwithstanding the large sum offered for itbyLonisXIV ; but the Venetian senate took it from them by force, sad made a present of it to the king. Over the «2faiiiiiief*
Sieceis another picture, by Paul Veronese, representiiij; Lebecca receiving from Eliezer the presents of Abrahito. This magnificent room is covered with marfaJe, aarf decorated with 30 Corinthian pilasters, with bases aa& capitals of bnmxe gilt, which support a rich gilt cornice ornamented with trc^hies.
Sallk d' Abond amcs . — ^The pri ncipal figure in the coling. which was painted by Houasse, is Plenty, distinguidied by a cornucopia, a golden sceptre, and a crown. Two women near her are allegorical ; the one of Egypt ajU tlie other of Architecture. The walls, being without ornament, are screened temporarily by pictures.
Sallb di Vbmus. — ^The goddess is seated in a goldeB chariot, drawn by two doves. She is supported bj a swan, and crowned by the three Graces, an^ her triumph is adorned by the presence of Jupiter, Mars, Neptune, Bacchus, Vulcan, etc. In the corners of the ceiling are
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en the most celebrated loven ia history and fable, unaely :--^Titu8 and Berenice; Anton j and Cleopatra; 180I1 aod Medea; and Theseus and Ariadne. The 30ve are by Houasse. The four other paintings, by [ouaase and tlie other pupils of Lebrun, presented by 4he siling, are :-*-NebuchaanezEar, causing the gardens of labylou to be raised to the height o( the mountains of ledia ; Alexander espousing Roxana ; €ynis causing lis anny to pass in review before' a princess ; aud Au-> pistus gratifying the Roman people with chariot races a the Circus. The room is covered with beautiful narble, and decorated with marble columns, gilt cor- lioesy and sculpture in profusion. It also possesses two fine perspectives, by Rousseau ; and a marble statue of the duke d'Eng^ien, by Bosio.
Salle ob Diamb. — ^This room is likewise richly orna- mented with marble, sculpture and gilding. The ceiling, by Blanchard, represents the Goddess of the Chase, seated in the midst of the disc of the moon, in a chariot drawn by two hinds and accompanied by the Hours ; a woman holds a net to catch birds, and another the rudder of a ship. In the curves of the ceiling are four pictures, representing Caesar sending colonies to Car- thage ; Cyrus, when young, attacking a wild boar ; Jason landing at Coichos to carry off the Golden Fleece ; and Alexander hunting a lion. The two former are by Audran and the two latter by Lafosse. Over the chimney-piece is a picture, by Lafosse, representing Iphigenia, at the moment when Diana sends a hind to be sacrificed in her Aead. Beneath is a small bas-relief in marble, by Jacques Sarrasin, of the Flight into Egypt. Opposite the picture of Iphigenia is one of the Rape of Orythia, by Verdier ; and in front of the windows, the fine bust of Louis XIV, in white marble, executed by Bernini. Salle ss Mars. — ^Thc cod appears in the middle of I ihe ceiling in a chariot arawn by wolves. Cyclops are furnishing arms to the Genii of War, who are ready to follow him. In the back ground other Genii are seen overthrowing Saturn and wresting from him his scythe, whilst History is recording the exploits of War, dictated
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by Fame. At the extremities of this ceiUos, -wbidi i by Audran, are two pictures ; the one by Houasi represents TeiTor, accompanied by Fury and Wiatk driving forth Fear and Paleness to alarm the Powers d the Earth ; tlie other, by Jouvenet, is Victoi*y supporte by Hercules and accompanied by Peace, Plenty an Genii, who sport with laurels and a crown. The nak^ walls of this room are covered temporarily -with pi^ tures ; but the magnificent gilt reliefs at -the angki emblematical of four conquered nations, should oit escape notice. There are also six fine pictures in o- maieu, namely ^ Julius Caesar haranguing his soldien; Mark Antony rewarding one of his officei^ ; AJexandcr Severus, at the liead of the Roman army, putting dowt the rebellion of a legion ; a triumph of Gonstantiiie. Cyrus j'eviewing his ai*my ; and Demetrius commandiaf an assault. The first two are by Jouvenet, the next tiro by Houasse, and the last two by Audran.
Sallx ds Mercuab. — This ceiling was painted by Phi- lippe de Cliampagne, af^r designs by Lebrun. M^rciuy is seated in a chariot drawn by cocks. Behind hha is Vigilance under tlie figure of a woman, accompanied by a crane. He is pi^ceded by Aurora and attended by a group of Genii representing the Arts and Sciences. The four other pictures, likewise by Philippe de Cham' pagne, ai^ : — Alexander the Great presenting animah to enrich the Natural History of Aristotle, his master ; the same prince giving audience to tlie Indian philoso- phers called Gymnosophists ; Ptolemy conversing vritb the learned, and Augustus i*ecei¥ifl^ at Samos ^le am- bassadors of India, to conclude a treaty of alliance with them, the ambassadors are presenting to Augustus tigers and vessels filled with pearls and coral. This ix>odci is extremely rich in gilding, sculpture, garlands, cornicxs and reliefs, but tlie naked walls are concealed by pic- tures placed there pro tempore.
Sallb d*Apollon. — Apollo, under the figure of a child, appears in a chariot drawn upon clouds by four hoi'ses, and accompanied by the Four Seasons repre- sented by Flora, Ceres, Bacchus aud Satm*n. France and Magnificence are seated near tlie chaiiot. The picr
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tures on the fom* sides, are: — ^Augastas causing a port lo be formed at Mycena ; Vespasian ordering the con- struction of the Colyseum at Rome ; Goiiolanus relenting at the entreaties of his mother and the Roman ladies, and Alexander in conference with Poms, king of the Indies. These four pictures, as well as those in the angles representing Europe, Asia, Africa and America, are by Lafosse. The walls of this room being without ornament, are temporarily covered with pictures, but nothing can exceed the magnificence of the mouldings, reliefs, garlands and gilding witli which it is enriched.
Sali-b d« la GuBRRB.-^The ceiling, which is oval, was painted by Lebrun. It represents France bearing upon a shield the medallion of Louis XIY, to show tliat it VT^as to him she was indebted for her victories. She is smiting Germany, Holland and Spain, who appear in three pictui^es in the curves of the ceiling ; in the fourth is Bellona in fury, in a chariot drawn by fiery steeds who trample men and armour beneath their feet. Dis- cord follows her, and with her torch sets fire to palaces and temples, whilst Charity, under the figure of a -weeping woman clasping an infant in her arms, flees from the presence of the Goddess, at whose feet are scattered consecrated vessels and the balance of Justice. Men in consternation express the terror that is spread afar by the scourge of War. In this room is a fine bas- relief in plaster, by Desjardins, containing an equestrian figure of Louis XIY ; and six busts in porphyry with vestments in alabaster, which were bought in Italy by oixler of Louis XIV. Whether antique or imitations of the antique, they are of beautiful execution and in fine preservation.
Galbrib db Lbbbum.-— This grand gallery is the finest of its kind in the world. With die Salle de la Guerre, and the Salle de la Ptux at the opposite extremity, it occupies the whole of theprincipal facade of the palace, and is a 1 7 feet in length, :> i in breadth and 4o in height. It is lighted by 17 large arched windows, which cor- respond with the same number of arcades opposite, that are filled up with looking*glas8. The entire galleiy, except the paits that are windows or mirrore, is of
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marble, paintings or sculptare gih. Sixtj pilasters of red marble, with baiea and oapilals giit, fiy up the intervals between the windows and the arcaidfli, and each of the two entranoea is adorned witii two o»- Inmns of the same order. Upon pedestals, in four niches. are sUtues of Paris, Mercurjr, Minenra and Venus. The vaulted oeiUn^ was painted along its whole length, hv Lebmn. It is divided into nine large and lo muM compartments, in which are represented, under allege rical figures, the principal events in die history d Lonis £rV, from the peace of the Pyrenees in iGSg, Is that of Nimeguen in 1678, exdosive of the nmnettns paintings that fill up the intermediate spaces. The aiih> jectsare:-^!, the alliance of Germany and Spain widi Holland, in 167a ; a, the reparation for the attempt ef the Gorsicans, i664 ; 3, Holland succoured against the bishop of Munster, i665 ; i, relief of the people doraig the famine, i66a; 5, the passage of the Rhine in the presence of the enemy, in 1673, and the kin^s captavt of Maestricht in 1 3 days, in 1 67a ; 6, the rage of dndlng arrested; 7, the pre-eminence of France aeknowMged by Spain, 1 66ii ; 8, the defeat of the Turks in Hnngvy. 1664 ; 9i the king arming his sea and land forces, 1^; 10, the king givina orders for the attack of four of the strongest towns of Holland at once; 1 1, the refona of justice, 1667; 13, the re-estabUshment of navigation, 1 663 ; 1 3 , war a{;ainst Spain for the ri^^ts of the queea, 1 667 ; 1 4 » ^c pride of the powers contiguoiis to France, and ihe king jsoverning by himself; i5, protection
granted to the nne arts ; 16, order re-established in the nances ; 1 7 , peace concluded at Aix-la-Chaj^elle, 1 668 ;
18, Franche-Comt^ conouered a second time, 1674;
19, the resolution formed of makina war on Holland, 1 76 1 ; 30, the establishment of the H6tel des Ihvalides ; 2 1 , ambassadors sent from the extremities of the earth ; 2*2, the acquisition of Dunkirk ; a3, the capture of the town and citadel of Ghent, in 1678, and uie measures of the Spaniards defeated by the capture of Ghent ; a4, the renewal of the aUianoe with Switserland, i60 : 25, the junction of the two seas, 1664 ; 26, the safetr of the city of Paris, 1669; 27, Holland acceptingpeace.
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Kftd separating herself from the alliance with Germany nd Spain. Most of the scalptore of this splendid room vas executed by Goysevox, after designs by Lebron.
Salls is la Paix.-— The ceiling of this room, like that >f the SeUie de la Guerre^ is of an ovalfoiTn, and painted ff Lebron, but it is a complete contrast to it. It repre- ents France borne in a cbariot upon a cloud. She is ^roMrned by Glory ; Peace, with the caduceus in her feand, hastens to convey her commands, and Plenty is aking flowers from a basket presented to her by Cupid, ^hil^ other cnpids unite doves, having round their lecks medals intended to designate the three marria^ ^f the Dauphin with Marianne-Yictoire of Bavaria, ^nne-Marie d'Orl^ns with Yictoi^Amedeus, duke of Savoy, and Afarie-Lonise d'Orl^ns with Charles n, king of Spain. Hymen, accompanied by the Graces, is near the chariot ; and Joy, under the figure of a Bac- chante, is playing on a tambourine. Among several figures in this fine composition, is Religion habited as a nun. In the curves of the ceiling are four other pictures by the same master; namely. Christian Europe at peace, under the figure of a woman seated, having at tier feet the spoils of the Ottoman empire, holding in one hand a tiara and in the other a cornucopia ; Ger- many resting upon a globe, and stretching forth her hand to a child wiio offers her a laurel and a palm branch, the twofold symbol of peace ; Holland kneeling and receiving on her shield arrows and laurel branches brought to her by Cupid. Her magistrates render thanks to Heaven, whilst her people are preparing to re-establish their commerce ; Spain raising her eyes and hands to Heaven, from whence she receives an olive branch brought by a Cupid. In an oval picture over the chimney-piece is seen Louis XY holding in one hand a rudder, and vrith the other presenting an olive branch to Europe, by Lemoine. This room is orna- mented Ukewise with six busts to match those in the Salle de la Guerre, and is rich in marble, sculpture and gilding. It once formed a part of the apartments of Marie- Antoinette .
Chambrs a couchsr de la RsiNE.— -Sculpture and gild-
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ing have been subslitated for the painftiDg with whid this ceiling vras formerly decorated. At the angles an four medallions in grisaiUe^ bj Boucher, representii^ Charity, Plenty, Fidehty and Prudence. Abave th doors are two pictures, by Restaut ; the one presentii^ porti*aits of the Dauphin, son of Louis XY , with mei dames Adelaide and Victoire, his two sisters ; and th other, the birth of the two princesses, who are pn sented to France by Youth and Virtue. The nakedna of the walls is temporarily hidden by pictures, behid one of which is a small door by whidi llie qoeei escaped in the nieht of October 5, 17B9, when she w« disturbed in her bed by a revolutionary mob, w^ho woi breaking open the door of her apartment.
Salon db la Rbins. — This room is ako omaraented pro tempore with pictui^es, the tapestry with which thi walls were covered having been destroyed. The caksf presents a medallion, by Michel Gorneille, in whidi Mercury appeare shedding his influence on the Arts aid Sciences. The other pictures, by the same artist, reftt sent Sappho playing on her lyre ; Aspasia Gonfeniii( with philosophers; Painting; and Penelope 'woHdD|a& the tapestry by means of which she defeated the imptv- tunitr of her suitors, by unravelling at night what die had finished in the day.
Salon du Graiii>-Gouvsbt.— This room was the queen's ante-chamber, and was only used as a dining-room apoa grand state occasions, when the king dinml in public. The medallion in the ceilings by Paul Veronese, repre- sents St. Mark attended by Faitli, Hope and Charity. In the curves of the ceiling are eight pictui^es in camaieu, enriched with gold, the most remarkable of which, placed over the chimney-piece, is Rodogunde at her toilet, who, upon learning the death of her husband, swears not to hnish dressing herself till she lias avenged him. The seven others are stated to be different histo- rical traits of several queens of antiquity, but one 0I them certainly represents 'Bellona burning the face ol Cybele. The sculpture, gilding, and other ornaments '>f this room are extremely rich.
Sails dbs Gabdbs di la Rsinr. — The ceiling, jiainted
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l>y Goypel, repreflento Japiter in a silver chariot borne upon a okmd, and drawn by two eaeles. A woman and four children with wingi, are symnols of the planet Jupiter and its four satellites. In the curves of the ceiling are four pictures, by the same artist, represent- ing Solon defending against old men the laws he had given to the Athenians; Ptolemy Philadelphus pantinj^ berty to the Jews ; the emperor Trajan reoeivmg peti- tions from all the nations of the world ; and the emperor Sevems distributing com to the inhabitants of Rome daring a famine. These subjects are intended as allu^ :0ion8 to some acts of justice and humanity of Louis XIY . Two other pictures, also by Gojrpel, represent, the one a sacrifice to Jupiter , and the other the birth of that god. The walls of this room are covered with marble.
EscALiKR Ds Maibis. — ^Thc cpieen's apartments termi- nate at the marble staircase, also called Bscalier des Ambassadeurs^ because it was by this staircase that ambassadors were conducted to the king's presence. It is unquestionably the finest in France for the variety and richness of its marbles, and is tlie most splendid in £orope except that of the palace of Caserta, belonging to the king of Naples. It is remarkable that whilst the ^walls, balustrades, etc. , are entirely of marble, the stairs are merely of stone. The paintings in fresco were ex.ecuted by three artists, Meunier for the perspective, Fontenay for the flowers, and Poerson for the figures. This staircase separates the queen's apartments from those of the king, which are approached by a vestibule of marble. The SalU des Falets de pied and the Salle des Gatdes du Moiy which present nothing remarkable, lead to
The CffiiL DR BoKur, so called from the oval windows at the two extremities. This room is well known for the disgrace of courtiers, and still more so for the resist* ance ollered by the body guards to the populace of Paris on the days of October 5th and 6th, 1789. It contains thi^ee pictures, by Mignard, the most remark- able of which represents Louis XIV surrounded by his family, comprehending his queen, his mistresses, and all his children, legitimate and illegitimate.
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7i8 E^vuoIfS OF paris;
GflAMBM A GOUCHKfi BE LmIS ^\, ^Tllis rOQOI
extremely rich in lookiog-^^aseoH fleolpCune and gildi^ The painting of the ceuing, by PmiI Veronese, tc^hh aents Jupiter hurling his thondecixilt atthe Vaoes. Tl other fixed pictures are, Giroe, Propetide, Ixion, Tm talos, les DanaXdes and Prometheus. Louis XIV dm here, and the chamber has not been oociqiied since, was firom the balcony of this room that Louis XT surrounded by his queen and his children^ K^Mig— . the furious populace who came to drag him from M palace.
The remaining rooms present little wordiy of notk except rich gilding. They consist of the Salle dm ComgtA the Chambre d ooucher ae Louis XV et de ijouis XPl the Grand Cabinet, the PeUt Cabinet, the Cabimei dk MSdailleSy the Cabinet de la vaissalie ePor, la BiUm iASgue du Hoi, the Salle d manger^ and the Siile iA biiiardf which brings us again to tiie Salle de Mw*. In the grand cabinet is the splendid dock of Louis HV. Every hour a double door opens and that noBanh advances; a figure of Fameabovehis head crowwlwt a cock and an eagle flap their wings, a chime is fhn«i3u the hour strikes, the king withdraws and tJie doon close upon him. The Cabinet de todetie and bemiee of the queen are not shown. In one of them is a wecern for a covich covered with looking-^sses, whk^ mn^ tiply to infinity the persons who look inthmn.
The only part of the ground floor that is shown is ibf Saiie de VOpdra^ situated in the north wing of the palace. It was begun b^ Louis XV, in 1763, after ''^' plans of Gabriel, and finished in 1770, for the marris' of Louis XVI, then the dauphin. It is one of the Inrga^ theatres in Europe, being capable of containing 5oo( persons. Its length, which is divided into two equal
a by the curtam, is i44 feet; its breadth 60 and in „ It 40. Fourteen Ionic columns, fluted and gilt; divide the boxes into xi balconies, the bahwiers d which, as well as all the ornaments, are gik. Th< painting in imitation of costly marble and even of pre cious gems, added, when it was in its splendoui*, to the lustre of the gilding, which was reflected by looking-
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VBRSAILLBS. 719
\ ahnoct without nmnber/ The ceiling, painted Xlorameauy represents Apollo, Venns, and Gnpid, ejpoiring crowns, the horse Pegasus rising into the air, dt Comedy, Tragedy, Music, Pastoral Poetry, Lyric ctry, and Dancing. On one side are seen Artists and itihors at study ; and on the other, Painting, Archi- sstare and Mechanism, with their attrihntes. This eatre may be converted into a baU-room by covering e pit with a floor on a level with the sta^. The ^ beyond the curtain is then ornamented with move- ftle columns and other ornaments to correspond with le rest of the house, and the division is marked by ght splendid Corinthian oolunms fixed at the prosce- imn. It is then only that its fuU dimensions and true ilendour can be seen. The last hall that took place ere was that upon the occasion of the famous banquet tven by the body guards to the offiners of the Flemish iginoent. The tapestry with which the boxes were irmierly hung, and the mirrors, fell a prey to the un- baring hand of revolutionary Vandahsm. It is deeply 3 be regretted that this theatre, having been long lefilected, is fut falling to decay. A great number of paintings, principally family and other portraits, are leposited here till the rooms they formerly adorned are prepared for their reception. In the north wing of the Mvilions is a small theatre which serves for the ordinary representations at court.
The apartments on the ground floor are not shown. Those on the north of the principal mass were formerly rif! !ipied by the count d'Artois (tSharles X). Tlie apart- t 'r.ots beneath the grand gallery are those of the dau- phin. Those of the dauphiness are situated below the queen's apartments ; and those of the duchess of Berry are at the extremity of the southern wing. Few of these rooms contain any thing remarkable in works of art or ornaments.
It wu in February, 1672, that Louis XTV took up Lis
' * Upon the dauphin's marriage, it was lighted up witb 10,000 wax candles; and the expense, whenever an opera was per- foraied in it, is said to liave been npwards of 100,000 fr.
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^20 fenVIBDMB OF PAEISS
residenbe in this splendid pdaoe, aMioaeli it ! not thtfn finished ; it continned to be the royal reside under the two following reigns, except dming these jears of the minority of Lowds XV, whea the it§ did not chuse to qoit his palace at Paris. Loais ] Louia XVI, Louis XVH, Louis XVm and ChaHs as well as the princes his sons and the dai^rfw were bom at Versailles.
The fee usually given to the peraon -who eoodb visitors through the apartments is upon tlie scale ifr. eadi, except the party exceeds nve, when Sfr sufficient.
Gasdbrs ahd Paik. — « The gardens and pleasa grounds of Versailles astonish the stranger hj I variety of the plantations and the striking effect of ll waters, no less than by the immense number and boM of the statues, groups, and vases with which they a decorated. In d^soribing them, we shall proceed i such regular order, that none of the objects wortkiji notice may escape the visitor's attention.
Tbheassb du CH4TBAU. — ^Four fine bronze sCatiLcs, iftcr Ik anlique, by Keller, namely Silenns, Antinous, Apollo, aai^a cktts. At the angles are two beauiifiil vases in white mdk ornamented with bas-reliefs, that on the north rcpresentiigd conquests of Louis XIV in Flanders, in 1667, bv Tuby ; sndth on tJie south, the victory of Peterwaradin, in 1664, and the rni ration of Spain for the insult afforded to the count d*Eiindi French ambassador at London.
pAarsaaB d'bau. — In this second temce, which conuMnds view of the whole of the gardens and the park, are two oUm basins, upon the borders of which repose 24 magnificent ^up in bronze, the half upon one and the half upon the othct, \it. e'lgl nymphs, eig^t groups of children, and the four principal rive ol^ France with Uieir tributary streams. These arc tfaeuaroai and the Dordogne, the Seine and Mame, the Rhone and d Saone, and the Loire and the Loiret. The groups of childn were cast by Aubry and Roeer, and the other figures by Kelle From the centre of each nasin rise icts d*eau which form foimtain in the shape of a basket. At tne two angles of the ie race, opposite the front of the palace, are two fountains, eat formed of a basin (from whence the water falls into a secoa basin below), and adorned with two jgroups of animals in bronn cast by Keller. Those on the fountain of the north are two lioi -■^ho struggle, the one with a wild boar, and the other with
'I'; those on the south are a bear in combat with a tiger am
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bg ^nrith a hoimd. The animals conquered spout water into Yo'wer basins, and the conquerors throw it into (he upper ;8. Near the former fountain are seen a white marble statue [>iana9 by DesjardinSyand one of Venus, by Marsy ; the statues ir the latter are Flora, by Magnier, and Water, bv Legfros. >m tkis point the ^ew along the Tapis F'ert is truly magni- snt.
pARTKnas Du Mini.— In this division of the garden, which tends in front of the southern wing of the palace, are seen two cular basins of white marble, from the centre of each of which solunrn of water rises to a ^eat height. The basins are sur- Duided by gra8»-plati. This terrace is separated from the rterre dEau by a wall level with the latter, upon which arc iced 12 beautiful vases in bronze, cast by Duval. In the centre a flight of white marble steps, ornamented on each side by a binx in white marble, surmounted by a child in bronze. At ch of the angles is another flight of steps of white marble, de- irated with two vases. The two vases next the palace are ortby of particular notice, the one presenting a feast of Bac> ins, and the other, Numa Pompilius confiding to the Vestals le keeping of the sacred fire. Towards the west, next the irfc, extends a balustrade terminated by a pedestal bearing a fclining statue of Cleopatra, by Vancleve. From the southern xtremity of the balustrade, the eye extends over the wood of atory, beyond a fine sheet of water called the pUcedesSuisses, ear which is seen a statue of Marcus Curtius. OaANGEaiB.— The Orangery, Hituated below the parterre da \Iidi, is bounded on each side by an immense flight of 103 steps fading to an iron gate on the route de Brett, The piers of hese gates are crowned by groups in stone ; those on the left ire Vertumnus and Pomona, and Aurora and Gephalus, by Le- rros ; those on the right are Zephyr and Flora, and Venus and Adonis, by Lecomte. Between the steps and these gates are other ;ates leaaing into the Orangery, the piers of which are sur- mounted by baskets of flowers in stone. The greenhouses of the Orangery, constructed after the designs of Mansard, extend on three sides, formine a splendid structure ornamented with Tuscan architecture. Here tne orange-trees, pomegranate-trees, etc. are preserved during the winter, whilst m the summer they flourish m the open air m the walks of the Oraneery and other parts of the garden. In the midst of the principal green-house, opposite the entrance, is a fine colossal statue of Louis XIV, by ]>esjardin8. One of the orange-trees possesses an historical chr« racter. It was contemporary with Francois I, and formed a part of the confiscated property of the connetable de Bourbon, from whence it is called le grand Bourbon. At that period it was a century old, and after living under 12 reigns, does not seem near the end of its long career. The ground in front of the
6i
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Orangery is divided into flower beds, with a baain and fou in the centre.
Pahtkhrb du Nord.— This terrace is situated in froniof^ northern wing of the palace, and is separated from the parte dEmu by a wall crowned with i4 bronse vases, cast bv D«mL is in the form of a horse-shoe, and is approached by'a High steps in white marble. At the angles of the horse-shoe, ■ the steps, are two fine vases of Ejp'ptian marble, and. on the lii of the steps two statues copied from the antique : the one, i knife-grinder, by Fognini, and the otlier, Venus, by Cotkh This terrace is laid out in flower-beds, and ornamented witk^ two basins des Couronnes and that de la Prranude. X former derive their name from two eroups of Tntons and Svn supporting crowns of laurel, from the midst of which issue c lumns of water. The basin de la Pyramide consists of & round basins that rise one above another in a pTTamtdal foi The lowest, which is also the lareest, is supported by fourlia feet and four Sirens; the second, by young Tritons; thetiii by dolphins ; and the fourth, by craw-fish. At tlie snnuMt a vase that sends fortli water which falls in sheets from ban i basin. The figures are in lead, those of the 6rst two basosk Lehongre, and those of the third by Girardon. A long the Mi which bounds this parterre on the north arc eight stataesi white marble, namely, beginning next the palace :— HcW Poetnr, by Drouilly ; Mebncholy, by Espagnandel ; K^k^U-
fer ; Satiric Poetry, by Buvster ; Wmter, by Gintrdon • "jiiiiiiiiii y Hutinot; America, by Guerin; and Autumn, by Reg&u& Below the basin do la Pyramide are the Baths of T^Z,i small s^are basin, of which one side is ornamented witk^ reliefs m lead, by Girardon; representing, in the ccntK fb Nymphs of Diana at the bath, and at each extremity a m« The water falls in a sheet and likewise issues from fonr lassk The two lateral fronts of the basin also present bas-reliefs. 0 the east of the basin is a fine statue representing /« Saneuut, 1 Jouvenet; and on the west, le Colerigue, by Hourean.
Alleb d'Eau.— In front of the baths of 'Diana extends tl allee d^Eau, thus called from the numerous jets deau wii which it is skirted. It leads to the two basins du Dragon ai de IV^eptunefhetvfeen two lone and narrow grass-plats, in each which arc seven ^oups of children in bronze, in the midst white marble basins separated by yew-trees. Each group fon a kind of tripod supporting a second basin of Languedoc marbl from the centre of which the water rises and falls from the edp into the basin below. On the sides of the avenue lie the gro^ called bosquets de VArc de Triomphe and des TroisCo ronnes, which formerly possessed many works of art, but nc •^tain little of their ancient magnificence. In the former a ups of France triumphant, by Tuby ; Spain in subjecUon. 1 ; and the Empire conquered, by Coysevox. At the extrt
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VERSAILLES. 7^3
roily of the avenue is seen a semicircle formed by a hedge, in front of which are eight groups ftimilar to those in the avenue, forming a total number of 22.
Bassih du Dragon. — This basin derives its name from the dragon or serpent Python, surrounded by four dolphins and the same number of swans. The onlv part that now remains is the grand jet tTeau that issues from the dragon's month.
BissiN DB Nbptuhb. — This is the most splendid of all the fountains at Versailles. Upon the upper border are placed 32 large vases in lead ornamented with bas-reliefs. From each vase rises a column of water, which falls into a long basin in front ; 33 other columns are sent up from the basin. The sides of the vases .present masks irom which also water issues. Against the side of the basin are three immense groups in lead. That in the centre, by Adam senior, represents Neptune and Amphitrite seated in a vast shell and accompanied by Nymphs, Tritons and sea-monsters. The god is covezea with the skin of an enormous sea-monster, from whose mouth proceeds a torrent of water . The eroup on the east is Proteus who keeps the flocks of Neptune, by Bouchardon ; and that on the west, Ocean resting upon a sea -unicorn, by Lemoine. At the angles repose upon pedestals two colossal dragons surmounted by Cupids, by Bou- chardon. These five groups, cspeciaUy that in the centre, throw forth a deluge of water, wnich is still augmented by eight grand jets d'eau m different parts of the basin, and numerous masks fixed under the vases. In the upper avenue, near this fountain are three statues after the antique, namely, Berenice, by Espingola ; Faustina, as Geres, bv Fremery ; and Fame writing the lire of Louis XIY in a book held by Time, and treadingEnvy beneath her feet. The latter was executed at Rome, by Domi- nico Guidi. From the bassin de Neptune we return to the parterre d^Eau bv the avenues des Trots Fontaines and des Ifsy which are in the same line. The former presents no works of art; the latter is ornamented with 14 white marble vases and 5 statues, viz. Pastoral Poetry under the figure of a Shepherdess, by Granier; the Earth, by Massou; Night, by Raon; Africa, by Comu; and Europe, by Madeline. These statues join those of Venus and Diana above mentioned. In an open area which precedes the avenue des Ifs we see five termini of Ulysses hold- ing the flower given him by Mercury to protect him against the enchantments of Circe, by Magnier ; Lysias, a greek orator, by Dedieu ; Theophrastes, a philosopher, by Hurtrelle ; Isocratcs, nnother orator, by Granier; antfApoUonius, the preceptor of Marcus Aurelius, by Melo.
Partbrrb ub Latorb. — Thisdivislon of the garden lies between the parurre d^Eau and the altee du Tapis F'ert. On the right and left are declivities which form a road in the shape of a horse-shoe; they are skirted by yew-trees and bounded by a hedge, along which are ranged the following statues, ^tc,
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724 ENVIKOHS OF PATHS :
descending on ibe rij^ht and ascending 00 tlk« oppooiti {statues) Art, by Lehongre ; MeUndurfy, b^ I^aperanx ; nous, by Lacroix ; Tigranus, king of Armenia, by KspagBnil a Fawn, by Hurtrellc ; Bacchus, by Granier ; Fawsfina, as O by Rcgnaudin; the emperor Comraodns, under tbe AgB Hercules, by Goustou; Urania, bv Fremeiy; Ganynaede 1 Jupiter, disguised as an Eagle, ny Laviron ; a Njmpb s coquiUe, by Goysevoz ; [termini) Geres, by Ponltier ; I&ofB by Espagnandel ; a Fawn, by Houzean ; a lEacchantc, by D«fi Hercules, by Lecomte ; (groups) Aria and Pelns, bv F^iBpnip Perseus dekvering Andromeda, by Pnget. On uie oppa side : (groups) Paperius and his mother ; Castor and Polliu, GoYsevoz; (termini) the river Achelous, by Mazi^^re; Fao^ bv Legros ; Mercury, by Vancleve ; Hato holding the mcdaS Of Socrates, by Rayol; Circe, by Magnier; f statues} die dii Gladiator, by Mosnier; the Pythian* Apollo, by Manelai Urania, by Garlier ; Mercury, by Melo ; Antinous, by Ltgn Silenus, with Bacchus in his arms, by Maxiere ; Vcarasy by Oi rion ; Tiridatus, king of Armenia, by Andre ; Fire, by Doan Lyric Poetry, b^ Tuby ; and Dajr-break, by Marsy. BetwecatI two declivities just aescribed, is a magnificent flight of j(«p leading from the parterre d'Eau to that de Latone, at the ta of which are two fine vases of white marble ornamented ^ the sun, the emblem of Louis XIY. These steps lead to a Sf» circular terrace before the bassin de Latone f and extea^fi; two smaller flights, to a lower terrace in which this ekfil basin is situated. These steps are ornamented with 1 2 beaviiti vases, enriched with bas-rebefs. The bassin de Latone pt scnts five circular tables, which rise one above another iafk form of a pyramid, surmounted by a group of Latona with ^ two children, Apollo and Diana^ by Marsy. The goddess imploiR the venp;eance of Jupiter against the peasants of Lybia, vb refused her water, and troubled that where she souffht'to quoKl her thirst. The peasants, already metamorphosed, some hsBi and others entirely, into frogs or tortoises, are placed on tk edge of the different tables, and throw forth water upon Latoa in eveiT direction, thus forming liquid arches of thefilnest effect The tables are of red marble, the group of white marble, sad the frogs and tortoises of lead. On each side of the pyraraiil, a column of water rises 30 feet and falls into the basin. Beyond are two flower-gardens, each of which has a small basin with s fountain adorned with two figures, partly metamorphosed, to , correspond with the fountain of Latona. v
All KB Du Tapis Vert.— This beautiful walk derives its name from a fine grass-plat wliich extends the whole length from then parterre de Latone to the bassin dApoUon, It is ornamented^ with 12 statues and 12 beautiful vases in white marble. The^ statues are, on the right: — Deceit, by Lecoinle; Juno, an
''~ B ; the emperor Gommodus, under the figure of Herculeaa
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YBftSAlULBA. 7^5
by Jouvenet ; Venus, by Fremery ; CyiMtiMa caiewfaig her aUf;,
' by Flamen; Arthemisa, queen of Caria, holding the goMetui
M^hich she has mingled the ashes of Mausolus, her husband,
! by Lefevre and Dc^ardins ; on the left : —Fidelity, by Lefcvre ;
i Vcuus leaving the bath, by I^egros ; a Faun, by Flamen ; Dido
\ on her funeral pile, by Poultier; an Amazon, by Buyrette;
I Achilles disguised as a woman, by Yigier.
f Bassis d'Apollor. — This superb foimtain, the basin of which
I is the largest in the park except that of Neptune, is situated at.
' the extremity of the allee du TapU P^ert, The God of Day
f is seen issuiue from the waters in a chariot drawn by four horses,
i and surrounaed by tritons, dolphins, and sea-monsters. From
) this fine group, cast by TiU>y, the water rises in numeroua
i streams to an immense height. Beyond is seen the grand canal,
f which is 186 feet wide by l^Slh in length, and has two anus,
I together about 3,000 feet in length, one called brat de
i jlrianon, and the other bras de la Menagerie^ from the
places to wliich they lead. Round the bassin djipoUon are
• 24 statues, termini, or groups, 12 on the right and 12 on the
left. The following is their order, beginning on the right :—
Aristeus binding Proteus to a rock, by Slodtx, senior; the
nymph Syrinx, by Mazicre ; Jupiter, by Clairion ; Juno, by the
same; Vcrtumnus, by Lehongre ; Silenus; a Roman emperor,
antique; Orpheus with Cerberus at his feet, by Franueville,
who has placed a violin in his hands instead of a lyre ; Apollo,
I antique ; Light ; Hercules, antique ; Cleopatra, antique. Upon
I crossing the space that separates the bassin d^Apollon from the
i mnd canal, we find the followihg, beginning on the right :~
I Juno, antique ; Hercules, antique; a Matron; victory, antique;
I a Roman emperor, antique ; Agrippina; Bacchus, antique; Po-
I mona, by Lehongre ; Bacchus, by Raon ; Flora, by Arcis and
I Maziere ; Pan by Maziere ; Ino throwing herself into the sea with
I her son Melicertus, by Granier. We now return towards the
I palace^ taking the avenues on the right.
I Bassins na l'Hiver xt dk l'Altomxx.— The first objects tliat I present themselves are the fountains of Winter and Autumn, I the basins of which are bordered with white marble, and I correspond with those of Spring and Summer on the opposite side. In the centre of each is a group in lead characteristic of the season irom wliich it derives its name. That of Winter I represents Saturn reclining amidst children who are playing ' with fish, crabs, and shells ; one of them holds a pair of bellows
* and seems to be blowing a fire of which there are no signs. This group is by Girardon. That of Autumn, by Marsy, pre-
* sents Bacchus reclining upon grapes, and surrounded b^ infant \ satyrs. These fountains occupy the points of intersection of a
* long avenue parallel to that or the tapis vert,
I JAxniN nu Roi.— This garden, in the Knglish style, is situated J near the bassin (tHii'cr, on the right, and is open to the public
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•^26 EVVIR01K8 OF PARIS:
every evening in tuminer. It is stated to be ui exact model of that of Hartwell-honse, in Enj^land, occupied by Louis XVIU daring the emigration, but this is not the case. Near the enCnm are two beautiful vases, copied at Rome, by Grimaud, emkU with bas-reliefs, the one representing a Bacchanalian festiTsl; and the other, an ancient marriage. At one extremitj of i laree grass-plat rises a Corinthian colunui of Languedoc ma^ with a capital of bronze, surmounted by a small statue of Floe •in white marble. At the two angles or the garden t4mardttic west, on the outside of the enclosure, are two superb coload statues after the antique, viz. the Faraesian Hercules, by Com and Flora, by Raon.
Bassih Du Miaoia.— In front of the entrance to tbc jardix] <Iu Roi lies the bassin du Miroir, thus called from its rrsn-l blance to a looking-glass ; two columns of water rise 6«a ib; midst. Upon the terrace around it are a Vestal, Venus, Apdh.] and an empress, considered as antioue.
BosQUBT DB LA Rsiuk.— ^This delightful enclosed grove wliicft can only be entered with a cicerone of the park, contams i great number of foreign trees and plants. In the centre it a superb granite vase and four pitchers in bronxe of an antiqif form.
BosQUBT BB LA Sallb bb Bal.— This gTove, situated neardi^ foregoing, is thus called from balls formerly given then hf tk court in summer. It is oval, and forms a kind of room hmM on one side by a rising grass^lat, and on the other bv rock vA shell work in stone from which water issues and fuUs'into iknt basins resemblmg mother of |»cari. The nedestals for betnns lamps, and the vases with which this encnanting spot is ono- mented were formerly gilt.
QuiifcoRCB nv Midi. — Upon leaving the salUde Hal hvtbe north-west, we enter this plantation, to which a similar one oc the opposite side of the alUe du Tapis P^ert corresponds. I is ornamented with eight temtini, of which four are round] grass-plat in the middle, and the other four beneath the chcstmt trees that shade it. The former are : — Pomona, Hcrcnlcs Flora, and Vertumnus ; and the latter, Hercules, a Bacchanti the God of gardens, and Pallas. These were executed by di( fcrent artists, after designs by Poussin. Near the hedge whet the four latter are placed, is a fine vase ornamented with trc phics and pastoral instruments, by Robert.
BosQUBT DB laColornadb. — Tothcsouth, at a short distanc from the quinconce is an enclosed grove, containing a magn ficcnt rotunda, composed of 32 columns of three kinds of beai (iful coloured marble and the same number of pilasters. Th< are of the Ionic order, and are united by arches which support cornice surmounted by an atfic, above which arc placed i yascs of white marble to correspond with the columns. Upon tl imposts arc seen bas-reliefs representing games and cupids, i
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VERSAILLES* 'JZ'J
IMaziere, Lefaongrc, Granier, and Lecomte. Beneath the arcados skTC 28 law basina in white marble upon nedestals, from each of ^irhich rises a column of water which, aRer falling into one basin, descends into another below. In the centre of the colon- nade stands a fine group, in white marble, of the rape of Proserpine, by Girardon. The pedestal is ornamented witli l»as-reuefs representing three scenes from the same fable. This aruperb construction was executed after designs by Jules Hard ouin Mansard.
SallbdbsHarrorhibrs, orSALLS des Antiques. — This plan- tation is so called from the stately chestnut trees which ovcr- abadow it and ten antique busts or statues, which it contains. On the one side are seen busts of Apollo, Alexander the Great, OCho, and Marcus Aurelius, separated bv a statue of Antinoua ; and on the other, busts of Antoninus, Septimus Seyerus, Octa- ▼ian and Hannibal separated by a statue of Melcager. At the eiitremity of this spot are two recesses, each occupied by a , amall basin of white marble with a fountain in the centre.
Bassirs du pRiRTBMrs BT DB l'^te. — Vft uow cross the allee
du Tapis yert and direct our course through the avenues on
^ the side opposite to that which we have just letx. The fountains
of Spring and Summer are situated in the first long avenue
parallel to the Tapis f^eri. Spring is represented by Flora,
' tiaving before her a basket of flowers and surrounded by chil-
* dren who hold garlands and wreaths. Summer appears under
' the figure of Geres {having a sickle in her hand, reclining among
\ "wheat sheaves and encircled by children. The former was
' executed by Tuby, and the latter by Regnaudin. Like the
I fountains of Winter and Autumn, they are of lead and have a
fine effect when the waters play. , Bosquet nss Dombs. — This enclosed grove, situated between the bassin de Printemps and that tTApollon, derives its name from two small rotundas crowned with domes which were demo^ lished in 1820. In the centre is an octagonal basin surrounded I by a balustrade in marble. In the top of the balustrade is scooped a small channel in which water flows and escapes from distance to distance by shells. In the centre an immense column of water I rises to the height of 70 feet. Above and around extends a I terrace bounded by a second balustrade of marble, of which I the plinth and pibsters are covered with 44 bas-reliefs repre- senting the ancient -and modem arms employed by the different I nations of Europe ; these bas-reliefs, executed by Girardon, Mazaline and Guerin, are highly esteemed. { In this enclosure are eight statues of white marble, namely : a nymph of Diana,
carrying her nets and caressing her grey-hound, by Flamen; Flora, by Magnier ; Amphitritc holding a craw-fish, by Angier ; Arion lAaying on his lyre, by Raon ; Ino become the nymnh Lencothoe, holding an oar, by Rayol ; Day-Break, under the figure of a young man having a flambeau in his hand {and an
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736 EKVIftOSS OF P4tM:
owi ftt hit feet, by tegros ; the nympli Galatea, bj Tub; ; | tlie she|iher<l Acis, her lover, pUTing on a flute, lir tlic sii
Bawin D*EzfCELADs— a trianguuT apacc opposite tne bo§^ Jes DomeSt contains this fountain -which is circular and i rounded by trees. The centre is occupied by a mass of roi beneath which Encelade, one of the {giants smitten ivith til derbolts by Jupiter, seems to struggle with the monntaiBsirl he had heapea together for the purpose of scaling tbe bean His enormous head, shoulders, and hand, are seen amidst masses of rock which conceal and overpower tbe rest of body. The figure, from whose mouth a c^^umn of water I to tbe height of 60 feet, was executed by Marsy. Wateri issues from his hand and from a part of the rocks.
QuiKCORCs DC NoED.—Thuquinconce corresponds with tk on the south, and like that is adorned witb a large vase » eight termini in white marble. The four round tbe grassHpfa arc Plenty, a Satyr, Flora, and a Fawn ; the fonmear t£e hci^ Ceres, Esculapius, Ceres, and Winter, the latter by Theo4«a and the others by different artists, after designs by Poaaia The vase, by Robert, is ornamented with trophies and pastod instruments.
Bosquet dss Bairs D'APOLLOif.—-Upon leaving tbe qniBcenci by the principal avenue to the east, we see on tbe left aa ins gate which leads to the most agreeable enclosed grove ia lb park, where every thing is natural. An enormous rodaf^ik most picturesque form and imposing mass, produces a cm^^ illusion. In the midst a vast grotto, which seems supportei by rough-hewn columns, leads to the palace of Tbetia, wksx nymphs are eagerly serving Apollo at the moment when k comes to repose in' the arms ot the goddess after tbe fatigued the day. Two of them are preparing to wash his feet, & third « pouring water for him into a basin, and three others atad ncliind him, one of whom is dressing his hair and the two other holding vessels with perfumes. Apollo and the first three nympk are chefs iVoeui^re ot Girardon ; the three others are by Reg nandin. On the right and left of this magnificent group ai two others, the former by Guerin, and the latter by Marsy. The both represent the horses of the Sun watered by tritons : two < them are fighting ; one of the two bites the tail of the otkc which is rearing up, whilst a triton raises his muscular arm t check them. These three groups in white marble form the moi perfect ensemble of sculpture possessed by Versailles. Shed and torrents of wi ter, which escape from different parts of tli rock and form a lake at its foot, add to the wildness of tli scene. This fountain alone is said to have cost 1 ,600,000 fr.
RoKD Vbht. — In descending this part of the garden, froi
east to west, we find the rond f^ert, a circular l>owling-^reei
surrounded by a hedge in which are four verdant niches, with tfa
"tqg statues by different artists, after the antique :— Dian
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VEB8AILI.B9. ^2g
iTeftaing her g?eyhoaiid ; Bacchus; and two Fanni playing on fmbals. The groTC which surroands the bowling-green is n circled by four avenues, at the ancles of which arc three verdant iches and a small oval basin. Or the three niches, two only re filled, the one with a group, after the antique, representing Satyr and a Shepherd playing on a pipe, and the other with a IDC antique bust, in white marble.
Bassin DBS EnFANS.-— This basin, placed at the fourth angle »f the rmnd f^ertt is decorated with a group of six children, in cad, iwhoare playing in a small island which occupies the centre. Two others are swimming with remarkable grace. From the nidat of the island a column of water rises to the height of 48 feet. Sallb db l'Ltoilb.— Continuing our course from east to ^est we enter the salle de CEtoilet so called because its three ik'venaes crossing each other, form six radii. From the centre we ace statues at the extremity of four of them ; the other two form a part of a long transversal avenue. These statues, which are Mercurf , Urania, Apollo, and a Bacchante, after the antique, are placed m verdant niches. The triangular groves which form tbe etoile, are encircled by a pentagonal walk in which the above-mentioned statues are seen. This is surrounded by ano- ther walk of a circular form where are seen four verdant niches, in one of which is a group of Ganymede and Jupiter transformed into an eagle ; in a second is a statue of Bacchus ; the third and fourth are destitute of ornament.
Bassir db l'Obblisqub. — The avenue that traverses the etoile leads to this fountain, whose name is derived from the form assumed by the water, which rises from a hundred points. It issues from reeds forming a circle round the column of water that bursts from the centre, and falls into an upper basin, from which it descends into a lower one by a number of steps forming as many cascades.
Such are the gardens and park of this sumptuous royal residence', which were laid out hy the celebrated Andre Le Notre, to whose talents they do the highest honour. We should not omit to remark, that many of the foun- tains present but a mean appearance, except when the waters play, which only takes place in summer. They are distinguished by the names of the grtmdes eaux and the petiteseaux, TheJatter playon the first Sunday of the month; but the former are to he seen only on certain privileged days, which are always announced by the journals. As Xhegrandes eaux do not all play at once, I but one at a time in succession, the visitor would do * well not to follow upon such occasions, the methodical I order of the above description, but to watch the move- Digitized by Google
^3o ENVIRONS OF PARIS:
ment of the crowd, and follow it from basin to I to that of Neptune, which is always the last. Up these occasions, the multitude of Parisians and Strang attracted to Versailles is. very great. Then all it b and activity in the town and the park, the latter pi senting a scene to he found nowhere else, except in I fahulous descriptions of fairy-land.
Lk Gramd-Triamon. — This royal mansion, situated one extremity of the park of Versailles, was built i Louis XIV for madame de Maintenon . It is approach! by an avenue leading from the bassin de Neptune, i from one which terminates near the bassin ttAfU ion. It is a building in the Italian style, of an el^aa form, constructed by Jules Hardouin Mansard. H two wings, terminated by pavilions, are united bj \ gallery vmich forms the principal front ; this is called the peristyle. Pierced by seven large arcades, it pir^ sents in the centre, eight coupled Ionic columns of Cam- pan marble, and in its length, i4 coupled pilasteno/ the same order of Languedoc marble, eight of wiiiefc I correspond with the columns in the centre. Tbe two wings are decorated with similar pilasters, having i Son each side and six at each end. All the capitals are of while marble, and the whole edifice, which is only ooc storey high, is crowned with a frieze of Langnedoc marble, above which is a balustrade in stone, formeiij surmounted by vases and groups, which were destrojeil at the Revolution.
The interior of the peristyle is likewise rich in marble, being decorated with 1 4 three-quarter columns on one side, and the same number of pilasters on the other. The arcades were formerly open, but Napoleon ordered them to be closed with glass. The pavement of thi^ peristyle, which serves as a vestibule to the two wings, is of white and black marble.
In the left wing are the apartments of the queen ; JB the right, those of the king. The queen's apartment} are in general wainscotted and painted white. The | furniture of these rooms, as well as that of tbe king') apartments, is the same that was used by Napoleon.
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VERSAILLES. 781
pon entering the left wing the rooms are shown in te following order.*
^ S€dle d Manger de la Reine. — Pictures : 4 Sacrifice \ Esculapi'.is, by Guerin ; a Landscape, by Ghavannes ; '•!iaerva, by Delavanue ; a Sea- View, by Vernet ; and \e Deatii of Alcestes, by Perron. ^ Salon de la Reine. — Portraits of the queen Marie .ntoinette at 17 years of age; Marie Leczinska, queen T Louis XY ; Maria Theresa of Austria; and Anne of Austria. In this room is a curious table made by deaf ^d dumb workmen.
' Cabinet de la Reine. — Here are five views of royal Palaces, some of which no longer exist ; a portrait of Vlaria Theresa of Austria ; and a curious turned article ^D ivory, the chief merit of which is the difficulty of i ts execution.
( Chamhre A Coucher de la Reine, — Hung with crimson damask ; chairs to cori*espond; the bed and curtains are of 'yvhite silk. It contains poitraits of Louis XYIH iwheu young, and Uie Dauphin ; and four flower-pieces. 1 Sedon des GlaceSy so called on account of six large mirrors with which it is decorated. The nangings are tpale blue silk with silver ornaments ; the whole has a I lively and brilliant appearance.
> From this saloon we return to the peristyle, and enter the apartments of the king by the
Salle ties Gardes. — ^It is round, and seizes for a chapel. The visitor will not see without surprise, near the altar, a statue of Minei*va by Yass^.
Salon des Officiers de Service. — A full length portrait of Louis XY, in tapestry of the Gobelins ; portraits of the Dauphin, son of Louis XY, and the Dauphiness his consort; Maria Leczinska, queen of Louis XY; mes- dames Sophie and Yictoire, their daughter; and Stanis- laus, king of Poland. It contains also a fine small eques- trian statue of Louis XY, by Bouchardon. The fwni- ture is covei^ with Beauvais tapestry. Saion des Grands Officiers. — ^Homer, by RoUand ; and
• A fee, varying from 2 fr. to 5 fr., according to the nnmbeT of the party, is always given at the Grand Trianon.
!
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^32 EHVI&OKS OF PAEIS:
Study stopping Time, by Menageot. Three fine tu and some views of Naples and Florence, by Hackert. Salon des Princes. — ^The furniture is covered vi Beauvais tapesb7. In this room ,are portraits of 1 Count d*Artois (Charles X) and his sister in th youth, and the Dauphin their fatlier. On the chimiM
eiece is a curious ba»-rehef of alabaster agate found [erculaneum, representing a religious ceremony, beautiful vase of Sevres porcelain represents Henijl presenting to Gabriel d*£sti*to the colours taken ati battle of I vry.
The Salon du Roi is richly gilt ; the curtains chairs are of crimson silk. In this room are an ena mous vase, two candelabra, and two ilessus de buff^ of malachite, adorned with rich gilt ornaments, whii were presented to Napoleon by tiie emperor of Russii It contains the following pictures : —
Louis XIV, by Rigaua ; the duchess of BorgimdT, mother of Louis XV, by Santerre; madame de ILub- tenon ; mademoiselle de Blois, natural daughter of Loub XrV; and n|^damedela Valli^re, by Rigaud.
The Salle da Conseil is adorned with sonoe \i^\i* ferent views of Versailles and a curious piece of caning in wood, representing flowers, which took 27 years to execute. In this room is a phenomemon in acoustics* a person whispering against the wall in one comer, being distinctly heard by another in the opposite comer.
The Grand Gallerie, 160 feet in length, contain the Cascade, near Tivoli, by Claude Vernet; Juno Flora, and Iris, by Lemoine; a Landscape wi^ a viev^ by Patel ; Paris viewing himself in a mirror, by Gai nier ; St.- Jerome at prayer, by Paul Bril; Stag-huiitin| by the same ; Astronomy and Tragedy, by SouUognc the Adoration of the Wise Men of the East, by Booi don; the establishment of the Order of St. Bruno Paris, by Monsiau ; the Annunciation, by Boullogn< Dido receiving Eneas at Carthage ; St. Peter healing sick woman, by La Hire ; a Young Woman and a Neg dividing a basket of (lowers, by Coypel ; Aspasia, I mademoiselle Bouillard; Christ in the Tomb, by Hall Reflection on the Shortness of Life, bySchallc; Erupti<
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: a Volcano, by Volaire ; Esther in the presence of .liasuertis, by Coypel ; a camp after a battle, by Detray ; ^ngels announcing to Abraham the Conception of Sarah, y Ganffier; the Mother of the Gracchi, by the same; lary Magdalen in tears, by S^nterre ; Faith, by Mig- tard ; Hope, by the same ; Melancholy, by Lagren^ ; Lnne of Austria by Philippe de Champagne ; Maltese vomen in conversation, by Favray ; the Flight into igypt, by Comeille; the Cupid-seller, by Vien; a Town carried by assault, by Taunay ; a fine Flower pic- ure, by Van Dael; madame de Maintenon, by Mig- lard ; the count de Toulouse when a child, under lie figure of a sleeping Cupid, by Micnard; Flowers, >y Van Spaendonck; a Shipwreck, by Manglard; a nnall but admirable picture of the ambassadors of Mo- rocco, when at the Opera at the court of Louis XIV for the first time, by Coypel ; an Effect of Light, by Foumier ; mademoiselle de Fontanges, mistress of Louis XIV, by Lefevre ; Charlemagne visiting the cathedral at Worms, by Roanne; Paulina and Sabinus, by an Italian master; the forest of JFontainebleau, by DeJehu; several fine Sea-Views, and several Landscapes. In this gallery are likewise some rare pieces of sculpture, among which the following are most entitled to notice : Cupia feeding a buttei41y, by Chaudet; Venus upon a Dolphin, by Lemoine ; Cupid asleep, by Lhorta ; the nymph Sjrrinx ; and Innocence, by Roman. Some small statues in bronze, and some vases and cups in agate and petrified wood are worthy of the visitor's attention.
Salledu BiUard. — Portrait of Louis XV when young; by Rigaud ; and two views of monuments at Rome, by Poussin . From hence we pass to the private apartments, which are sumptuously furnished, and possess many arti- cles of French wood beautifully wrought and ornamented.
The Cabinet du Hoi is splendidly hung with green Lyons silk damask and ornaments, yrith gold embroi- dery ; the furniture is covered with the same, and gilt, as are also the pannels of the room.
The Salle du Bain contains the necessary apparatus.
The Chambre d coucker du Roi is hung with apricot silkand violet borders : curtains and chairs to correspond.
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•^34 ENVIROIIS OP PARIS:
The Salie a Dejeuner is hung with Lyons silk, l>lue, with white flowers atid apricot borders.
The Saion de Famille has yellow silk curtains ; furniture is covered with Beauvais tapestry. It tains portraits of Louis XY, the duke of Bargundj, duke of Anjou ; and one of the Grand-Dauphin (fatfae of Charles X) and his famil3r, by Deiatel.
The Salle d Manger possesses a Snow storm, by V Loo; twochai'ges by cavalry; four views in Amerio and several flower-pieces.
The Cabinet des Buffets contains six fine engraviif by Andran, after paintings by Lebrun, represent!^ battles of Alexander.
The garden of the Grand-Trianon is universally a^ mired, as well for its natural beauties as for the works (tf art with which it is ornamented. The first object tk* attracts attention is the bassin du Laocoon^ tlius caJierf from a fine group of the Laocoon in white marble, b Tuby. In the centre is a group in lead representii^a young satyr playing with a panther, by Marsy. 11b fountain leads to the bassin de VAmphiih^dire^ socaOed from the form of the ground. Near it is a colomn d vedi marble, surmounted by a bust of Alexander, h the centre of the basin are four nymphs in lead, h Hardy. In the hedge are seen a4 verdant niches witk as many busts in white marble, either antique or afUr the antique. The salle des Marronniers is a finegrasB- plat, having at each extremity a basin ornamented with groups of children in lead ; on one side is a statue of Apollo, by Lefevre. Next comes the cascade of Lan- guedoc in Carrara marble. It consists of five basins rising one above another ; at the summit, between two lions, is a group of Neptune and Amphitrite holding a shell ; in the second basin are two smaller ones of white marble resting upon feet beautifully sculptured ; upon the pedestal between the second and thiixl basin is a fine bas-relief i^epresenting the birth of Venus; the fourth is decorat«l with three basins of white marble, and the last is bordered with Languedoc marble. The figures in lead are by Vancleve and other artists. IVear Se cascade are statues of Louis XV, and queen Mane
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VERSAILLES. 7 35
L-eczinska, his consort, under the figures of Jupiter and Juno, by Coustou. The rond d^Eau is a circular basin decorated with a Cupid and Tritons in lead. The has- sin du Miroir is divided into two pai*ts ; the upper part presents in the centre a gi*oup of Cupids, and upon the edges two dragons which spout water, in lead, by Hardy. Near it is a copy of the knife-grinder. The second basin presents in the interior, two groups of childi^n playing with crabs and shells, and near it are t^ro antique statues and vases. After crossing the plan- tation called the grand Quinconce^ we arrive at the ' lower flower garden, in the midst of which is an octa- ' sonal basin having for its ornament a child in lead, by Marsy ; and from thence to the upper flower garden, ' which contains two circular basins, with children in ' lead, by Girardon. These two gardens are, moreover, ' decorated with six white marble vases enriched with ' sculpture. Here we have a fine view of the back-front ' of the Grand-Trianon, which is much larger than the ' principal one. The central part, corresponding to the ' peristyle, presents i4 three-quarter Ionic columns, of ' which 1 2 are coupled ; they are of Languedoc marble with capitals of white marble. The rest of this elegant front is ornamented with a great number of pilastera of the same marble. The back part of the gi*ound is laid out in groves resembling labyrinths^ They contain five salles de verdure^ differently orna- mented. The Sidle Ronde has four statues, namely : a Roman Lady, antique ; a Faun, after the antique, by Foggini; Minerva, and a Warrior, by Bertin. The saUe de Mercure contains a statue of Mercury, and one of a Roman Lady ; the salle des Deux Phases ^ a statue of Diana, after the antique; the salle de la Table, a marble table ; and the scUie des Trois Salons, a Mi- nerva and a Flora with drapery of black marble, and a Venus de Medicis. Between the Grand and the Peiit- Trianon is a vast reservoir or basin which supplies water to both. ' The Grand-Trianon was always a favourite residence -of Louis XrV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI. It was a I retreat from the pomp and parade of Versailles. Napo-
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<^36 ENVl&OSS OF PAftlS:
leoa al«o frequently passed teverad days together stdi Trianon, and had a direct road made to it from St Cloud. He formed a select library there, wliich, ill said, was pillaged by the Prussians, in i8i5.
Ls Pktit-Trianom and its gardens were formed nndf the reign of Louis XV, who was there when he w attacked by the contagious disease of which he did Louis XVI gave it to his queen, who took great deligh in the spot, and had the gardens laid out in the Engliai style. Delille says of it—
Semblable a son augnste et leime dcite, Trianon joint la ^ce a^ec la mijeste.
This small mansion, situated at one of the extremitie of the garden of the Grand-Trianon, forms a pavilion about 'J1 feet square. It consists of a ^und-floor and two storeys, decorated with fluted Corinthian cohmns and pilasters crowned by a balustrade, formerly sur- mounted by vases and groups. The interior is adonierf in the most delicate style. The only remarkable rooi* are the queen's boudoir, the walls of which are ««• mentedwitli arabes^es; and her bed-room hua^^ blue silk, and conUinin^ a bed the drapery of wbid^'» muslin embroidered with gold, and which wascabr used by the empress Maria Louisa.
The English sarden of the Petit-Trianon presents a most deligjitful landscape. It contains an elegant ro- tunda called temple d^ Amour y in which are a grouped Venus and Cupid by Vass^, and the salon de Musiff de la Reine, an octagonal pavilion ; but what excite universal admiration is the beauty of the trees, mo5t<i which are exotics ; the sporting of the waters whidi murmur in rivulets or fall in sheets ; the variety of til^c hills and dales; the solitude of the lakes and the pic- turesque hamlet, in which are seen the manor-house, the mayor's residence, and the parsonage. A small lak« and a mill, a dairy of which the floor and all the mill vats are of white marble, andthe tower of Marlboroujgh, a bold and simple structure, contribute to tlie embell^i- ment of this i-omantic spot. Farther on is the Swiss *■»— " "-ud near it a grotto in the most wild and fantastic
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VERflAlIXES. 737
^tyle. The French Garden is smidl, but affords an
(^agreeable promenade. Its ornaments are a square pavi-
t'lion in the Italian style, which served for a summer
t dining room, and four basins with groups in lead repre-
Ssenting children playing with fish and water fowl.
* One of the avenues leads to a small but pretty theati*e.
I At the extremity of this garden is a bridge ovei' a hoi-
i; I0W9 which leads to the nursery gi*ounds and a grove
t -which separates the grounds of tiie Petil-Trianon from
tho^e of the Grand, The ornaments of this grove are a
round basin with a group of children in lead ; a cascade
^ w^ith a single child in lead ; and a small statue of Ata-
lanta engaged in the race.
It was in this chateau that the empress Maria Louisa bad her firet interview with her father, the emperor of A.u8tria, after tlie abdication of Napoleon, in 1814. She had come from Blois, where she had retired when the allied powers attacked Paris. After passing five days at the Petit-Trianon she went to Gros-Bois, on her way to Germany.
Town of Yehsailus.— The first object that strikes the visitor on approaching Versailles is the fine road called avenue de Paris, leaaing from the banuer to the place d*Armes, in frout of the palace, and dividing the town in two paits, uamely the quartier St, -Louis or old Ver- sailles on the left, and the quartier Notre-Dame or the new town on the right. A long wall seen on the right of the avenue forms the enclosure of an extensive park belonging to a viUa formerly occupied by madame Eli- zabeth, sister of Louis XVI, who, like her royal brother^ perished on the scaffold. The hotel beyond, being in- habited by madame du Barry, mistress of Louis aV> was afterwards converted into stables for the count de Provence, afterwards Louis XVIII, and is now occupied by a company of the king's body guards. Behind this building are two basins, called die reservoirs de Mont- baurony which receive water from the reservoirs de Go- hert in another part of the town, and convey it to the chateau d*£au which supplies all the fountains in the park. On the opposite side of the avenue is a prison of simple architecture. The ancient hotel des Menus^
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^38 ENVIRONS OF PARIS :
Plaisirs, next the prison, is now a dependence of the hotel of the body guards, and the hall bnilt in itby Louis XVI, for the Stales-General, has been entirely de- molished. The houses in this avenue are in general irregular. The kStel du Grand- ^eneur, on the rig^t, is in part occupied by the tribunal de premiere instance, and the tribunal de commerce, and part is still appro- priated to the use of the grand huntsman. The hoid du Grand MaUre, on the left, derives its name from being the residence of tlie grand master of the king's household, which office was held at the breaking out oi the Revolution by the late prince de Cond^. It now serves as the H6tel-de-Yille of Versailles, and contains a gallery where public meetings are hdd, in which are five fine views of royal palaces, most of them no longer in existence, and a good copy of baron Gerard's por- trait of Louis XVin. The avenue de Paris is 270 French feet in breadtli, and is skirted by four rows ol elms.
The avenues de Sl,-Cloud and de SceauXy the one 00 the right and the other on the left of \\\e avenue de Parrs, extend in an oblique direction, and likewise tei^minatein the place d'Armes. The avenue de St.-Cloud, whiA is tlie most frequented and agreeable of the thi'ee, leads to an area, from whence it is prolonged under the name of avenue de Picardie, It presents two principal build- ings. The one on the south, formerly a gymnasium^ has a handsome although fantastical front. The other is the royal college of Versailles, erected in 1766, by queen Marie Leczinska, consort of Louis XV, and daughter of Stanislaus, king of Poland, for a community of nuns. The chapel, after tlie designs of Mique, is a chef-d^ ccuvre of taste. The portico is ornamented with four fluted Ionic columns supporting a pediment, in die tympanum of which is a bas-relief of Faith, Hope, and Charity. In the vestibule, above the door, is a bas- relief representing the presentation of a nun to the foundress, by the abbess of the convent. The chapel is in the form of an elegant gi'eek cross ; the cupola i^sup- •sorted by 26 Ionic columns, and enriched witli qo bas- ^fs, by Boccardi, I'epresenting scenes taken fi'om the ^thc Virgin. The painting of the ceiling i-eprc-
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VERSAILLES. 789
seating the Assumption is b^ Briard. The roses between the ceiling and the bas-rehefs, gradually decreasing in size, are admired for their beautifol proportions. The college possesses a valnable collection of philosophical instroments, and a rich cabinet of natural history, which was removed there from the palace by order of Napoleon. The rue de Provence, nearly at the extremity of the avenue de St.-Cioud, was formerly an avenue leading to the chateau de Glagny, built by Louis XIV, for madame de Montespan, and which is said to have cost 4 millions of francs. This chateau has been entirely demolished. The avenue de Sceaux does not lead to the village from which it derives its name, but is cut short by a fountain and a basin for watering horses, from which point streets branch oflF in diffei^nt direc- tions. The basin, vrhich is of stone, was constructed in 1810.
Montreuil, situated at the extremity of the avenue de . St. 'Cloud, is an ancient village which now forms a fau- bourg of Versailles. The church, dedicated to St.-Sym- phorien, was built in 1770, in the pure and simple style of the ancients, after designs by Trouard. The portico is ornamented with four detached and four three-quar- ters columns of the Tuscan order, and the nave is sup- ported by 10 fluted Doric columns. In a chapel to the left is a monument to the memory of madame Trial de Monthion, who is represented rising from her tomb at the sight of an angel who offers her a crown.
The three avenues described above form agreeable promenades and resemble the boulevards of Paris. There are, however, three other public walks designated bou- levards, which, like the avenues, are planted with four rows of trees. The boulevard da Roi forms a prolon- ^tion of the noble street called rue des Reservoirs. The boulevard de la Reine with its double row of clipped elms is one of the finest promenades of the kind in Finance. It is skirted with new buildings, the most remarkable of which is the royal civil and military hospital, situated at^the corner of the nic de Plessis . This hospital , wh ich had long before existed as a lazaretto, was rebuilt by Louis XV, and successively enlarged by Louis XVI and
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74o Eicviaoas of pakis:
LcNiis XVm. The chapel, which rises in Uie form d a cupola, in the centre of the principal front, preaenbt pediment resting upon four Doric colomns. In tb interior, a circimr row of colomns of tibe same oniB supports a gallery which the patients occupy dario| Divine service. The boulei^ard Sl.-Antoine^ whick derives its name from the hamlet of St.-Anioine te which it leads, affords an agreeable walk to the low of solitude, as it presents little else than garden waSi on the left and open fields on the ri^t. The rue da Reservoirs, ak^eady mentioned, contains manj large and elegant houses. Here is situated the theatre, bnilt in 1777, by mademoiselle Montansier, after designs hr Heurtier. Its external appearance is plain, but the interior distribution is commodious. The Hdtel de la Prefecture, also in this sti*eet, was formerly occupied as the garde-meuhle de la Couronne.
The quarUer deJ^olre-Dame, or new town, is so called from its parish church, which was built after the designf of Mansard, by Louis XIV, who laid the first stone ift 1684. The front is in bad taste, particularly the two cupolas at the angles, which do not nse to the heiddtdf the pediment between them. It is decorated wi& ^ Doric and Ionic orders. The interior is ornamented with fluted Doric pilasters. The high altar is decxMrated with four marble Corinthian columns, and a good pic- ture of the Assumption, by Michel Corneille. Above the choir ai-e five transparent pictures in front of the upper windows, as a substitute for painted glass. The subjects are: France under the protection of the Virgin Mary; St. Louis administering justice in the forest of Yin- cennes; Heni7 IV abjuring Protestantism; tlie apo- theosis of Louis XVI; and Louis XVUI asoendinfir the throne. The i a beautiful medallions in white marble at the exti^mities of the ti^nsept, representing Apostles and Fathers of the Church, are much admired. In the second chapel, on the left, is a handsome monument to the memory of tlie count de Vergennes, minister and ambassador of Louis XVI. It consists of a sarcophagus in marble, surmounted by a weeping genius who holds a raetlallion of the deceased. The whole is executed in
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YERSilLLES. jj^l
ba&-relief,aiid sapporled against an obelisk in blue marble built in the wall. In front of this church is the rue Dauphine skirted with elegant shops. Here is a small chapel called le Reposoir, in which the service of the church of England is performed by an English clergy- man. In the rue de la Pompe, near the rue Dauphine, are the stables of the Dauphiness» and the Petit S^nur naire^ established in an hotel formerly belonging to the marshal de Noailles, where young men are trained for the ecclesiastical profession. In this pail of the town is a well supplied market called marchdde Notre-Dame. The quariier de St.-Louis has no promenade except the avenue de Sceaux and the wood of Satoi7, which surrounds it on the south. To the west of this quarter is a vast sheet of water called pikce des SuisseSy from^its having been formed by the Swiss who composed part of the guards of Louis XTV. It is borderea with grass- plats, and is a, 100 feet in length by 720 in breadth. Between this piece of water and the wood stands the statue of Marcus Cur tins already mentioned. It was executed by Bernini, who intended to represent Louis XIV under the figure of the Roman hero, but that mo- narch, unable to discover in it either his image or his age, refused to admit it into his park, and hence its present destination was assigned to it. To the east of the piice ties Suisses^ which the route de Brest separates from the park^ is ihepotagery or frait and kitchen gai*den of the palace, i9 acres in extent, and formed into divi- sions by terraces and walls. Contiguous to the potager is the beautiful and picturesque English garden of the h6tel Le Tellier, formed by the count de Provence, after- wards Louis Xyin, but now belonging to a private in- dividual. This is a most romantic spot and highly -worthy of a visit. A mountain formed of immense masses of rock, beneath which is a vast grotto and upon its summit a pavilion with windows of colom*ed glass, is said to have cost i,5oo,ooo fr. The house attached to this garden was demolished at the Revolution, and the rarden being offered for sale was purchased by M. Bouil- lac, who intended to i*estora it to its original owner if ever he should return to France. Upoa the Restoration
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^4^ ENVIRONS OF PAEIS:
the garden was offered to Louis XYIQ, but that tnonaRl having declined to accept it, M. Bouillac, who had ak bought theh6telLe Tellier, connected it with his hold The bishop's palace, as weU as the above hotel, is » * tuated in the rue Satory, near the church of St.~Loiu& which, since Versailles has been created an episcopd see, has become a cathedral. The church of St.-Lonii was built by the last of the Mansards, the first stone being laid by Louis XV,'in 1743. It is in the form of a Latin cross. The front is ornamented with six Ckxin- thian and ten Doric columns supporting a pedtmeot Two cupolas at the angles are decorated with Ionic pilasters, and what is remarkable the cupolas, like tfaoee of the church of Kotre-Dame, do not rise to the hei^t of the pediment, a defect which is hidden in some degree by their being set rather back, so that they acarcdr seem to form a part of the front. A pyramidal steeple adds to the beauty of the structure. The interior is destitute of ornaments, but its dimensions and elegant form give it an air of grandeur. The high altar is com- paratively mean, as well as the pulpit. The organ is attributed to the same builder as that of the church of St.-Roch at* Paris. The numerous fine pictures whidi this church possessed disappeared at the Revolution, when the church was converted into a corn market. Of those since restored the most remai^table are : in the chapel of the Virgin, Christ raising the son of the Tvidow of JNain, by Jouvenet ; Christ appearing to St. Peter near Rome, by Sarlai, a pupil of Mignard ; and the presen- tation of the Virgin in the Temple, by Colin de Ver- mont : in the transept, the Adoration of the Shephei^s, by Restout; and the Descent from the Cross, by Pierre'; opposite the pulpit, a fine Crucifixion, by Schnetz. In one of the chapels is a colossal statue of St.-Francois-de- Sales, in white marble. In the second chapef to the right on entering is a monument erected by subscription to the memory of the duke of Berry. This fine group, executed in white marble, by Pradier, represents Reli- gion holding a cross in her left hand, and with her ri^t supporting the expiring prince. The front of the pedestal is oniauiented with bas-reliefs in which the
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VERSAILLES. '^i\Z
town«of Versailles, under the figure of a woman on her 'knees, appears weeping over a tomb. On the socle is 'the inscription: — A Charles Ferdinand tTJrtoiSy due *de Berry, Versailles ^ sa ville natale, enpieurs. On ' one of the sides of the pedestal are the last woi*ds of the 'prince: — Grdce, grace pour Vhomme! Round the ' chapel are black marble tablets with the names of the ' public bodies and individuals who contributed to the ^erection of the monument; it cost ^0,000 fr. exclusive ^' of the marble, which was presented by the goverament. ' The altar-piece opposite tlie monument represents ' St. Charles Borromeo at prayer, by Froste. On Sundays ' at noon, mass in music, in which the military bands ^ assist, is performed in this chuij^i. Ailer the church of St. -Louis, the most remai#abic edifice in old Yer- ' sailles is the immense building on the left of the palace, ' called /« Grand Commun^ now occupied as a school '' under the protection of the duke of Bordeaux. It is t substantially built of brick round a square court, and contains 1,000 rooms, in which not fewer than 2,000 persons were lodged when the court resided at Versailles. Having been converted into a manufactory of arms in 1 795, the entrance was decorated with clusters of arms and trophies in relief. This manufactory attained the greatest celebrity, and supplied the French army an- nually with 5o,ooo muskets ; but on the ad of July, 1 8 1 5, it was stripped and destroyed by the Prussians. Near le Grand Commun is the public library, established in the building formerly called the hotel des Affaires Etrangkres, the entrance to which is ornamented with figures in relief. It contains nearly 5o,ooo volumes, most of them choice editions proceeding from the li- braries of Louis XVI and the count de Provence, after- wards Louis XVni. It is open to the public daily from c) to 3 o^clock, except Sundays and festivals. In this library is a curious volume with plates representing the celebrated tournament given by Louis XIV. Some good views of the principal cities of Eui*ope are placed over the doors. To the library is attached a small museum. The hdiel de la Guerre, contiguous to the above, is re- markable as the place where the vast military plans
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^44 BHvmons OF paris :
which rendered France so powerfol noder Lcmus S were discussed and resolved on. The entrance is da rated with magnificent trophies in. relief. In the i Royale is a vast building occupied hy a company of i kinc's body guard {conipagnie tie Croijy remarkable its nne riding school. At the opposite extremitY of street in front of this hotel is seen an iron gate leadi into the Granger]^ It was at this gate that, on the ^ of September, 1792, the prisoners of Orleans, toti number of Sa, were massacred. The duke de Br conunanderof the guards of Louis XVI, long rci_ the assassins, but at length fell a victim to Jiis fide£rti A convent called couvent de Grand^Champ is sitnated the rue Royale, whio^ traverses the market called ju. ckd'Neuf. In the quahier SL-Louis is the ikmoa tennis coui*t celebrated for the oath taken by the Natioiid Assembly, which was the signal of the Revolution.
A considerable number of foreigners, includii^flBo? English families, have chosen Versailles for their icsi- dence. The air is salubrious, but colder than at ?»« The streets are for the most part wide and clean, audi the summer nothing can be more delightful thaa itt numerous walks; but in the winter, the streets, avenos and boulevards are deserted and present a melaocboh appearance. The town possesses a few nianufaclon& and has three annual fairs of eight days each, beginoBi May I St, August aoth, and October 9th. The marto
days are Tuesdays and Fridays. Conveyances : 3 ani
4, rue de Rivoli ; 6, rue de Rohan ; 5q, me Affazarioe; and place Louis XVI, at the foot of the bridge.
VILLENEUVE-L'ETANG. This is a pretty small chlteau, situated at Garche& three leagues from Paris, which formerly belonged U the duke de Dalmatie, but is now the property of the Dauphiness. Conveyances : — 8, bisy rue Duphot.
VINCENNES,
A large village, about four miles east of Paris, famoiM for its forest, called the bois de Finceimes, and its an-
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TINCENNES. 745
cient^yal chAtean, is approached by a fine wide road, planted with stately trees. The forest, which consists of abont a,ooo acres, appears to have existed lon^ before the chateau, and to have been much more extensive than at present. The oriein of the chateau dates from the I ath century: Louis le Jeune having built, in 1137, a country seat at Yincennes, which was known by the name of Regale manerium^ or the rsyal manor. Philip Augustus surrounded the forest with stronp and thick waUs inia83, when Henry III of England presented to him a great number of stags, deer, wild-boars, and other animals for the sports of the chase. Louis IX often visited Yincennts, and used to sit under an oak in the forest to administer justice. In i537, Philippe de Yalois demolished the ancient building, and laid the foundations of that which still exists, and which was completed by his royal successors.
Henry Y, king of England,' the hero of Aginconii;, died at Yinoennes, August 5 1 st, 1 4^2 . Louis XI enlarged and embellished the chftteau, which he made his favourite residence. It was in the reign of that cruel and super- stitious prince, about the year 147^9 that the donjon of Yincennes became a state prison. Charles IX died here in 1574. In the reign of Louis XHI, Mary de Medicis, his mother, built the magnificent gallery still in existence; and Louis XIH commenced the two lai*ge buildings to the south, which were finished by Louis XIY . In 1 66 1 , cardinal Mazarin died at Yincennes . Tlie duke of Orleans, when regent of the kingdom, continued to live in the Palais-Royal ; and in order to have the young king, Louis XY, near him, he fixed his majesty's re- sidence, in the first year of his reign (1715} at Yincennes instead of Yersailles, till the palace of theTuileries could be prepared for him. In 1731, the trees in the forest of Yincennes bein^ decayed with age, were felled, and acorns were sown m a regular manner through the park, from which have sprung the oaks which now form one of the most shady and agreeable woods in the neigh- bourhood of Paris. Yincennes, though no lonraer a royal residence, continued to be a state prison. Here tlie oelebrated Mirabeau was confined from 1777 to
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^46 ENYIROBTS OF PARIS:
1 780 ; and wrote, during that time, besides other woi% his Letires d Sophie. This prison having become Deui useless during the reign of the unfortunate Loois XV it was thrown open to the pubhc in 1 784. During ll early stages of the Revolution, Yincennes was used as place of confinement for disoi^erly women. Umk Napoleon, after the Temple was pulled down, it agd became a state prison. The unfortunate duke d'Ei ghien, who was arrested in Germany on the i5th 1 March, 1804, having been conducted to Vincennes a the 2oth, at ^\e in the evening, was condemned ti death, the same night, by a military commission, au shot, at half past four on the following morning, in o» of the ditches of the castle. His body ¥ras interred 01 the spot where he fell. On the aoth of March, 1816. the eve of the anniversary of his death, a seardi baf in^ been made for his remains, by order of Louis XVm, they were discovered, and placed with religious cue ia a coffin, which was transported into the same room of the ch&tcau in which the council ;<{f war condemaed him to death, where it remained vjll the chapel «« ' repaired and a monument erected to i-eceive it. Ot the coffin is this inscription : Jci e^ le^ corps de ti^ hauty tres'puissant prince, Louis -^ 'ntoine - JBenri it Bourbon , due d'Engkien , prince du sang , pair it France , mart d Fincennes , le 11 n.etrs 1 804 , a Pa^ de 5 1 anSy n mois, iS jours. The ch&teau of Vio- cennes is still a state prison. It is also the centi^al dep^ of the artillery and ammunition, in consequeuce of w^hit^ a considerable force is always maintained there.
The chateau forms a parallelograi.i of large dimeif sions ; round it were formerly nine towers, of ifv'hich eight wei'e demolished to the level of "^he wall, in 1 8iS' That which remains, called the tow ie CHorioge^ is ^ lofty square tower which forms the e trance. The don- jon or keep is a detached building < i the side toward Paris, and is highly wortliy of the a »ntion of the anti qiiary. It is ascended by ^44 ste t, and the visifo cannot look down fi*om its summit w tout terror. Dec) ditches, lined with stone, surrounc^ chateau. Tht chapel, called la Sainte Ouipelle, b It by Charles ^
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VINCENNES. n^rj
a most exquisitely beautiftil specimen of Gothic archi- cture. The interior is remarkable for its windows of tloured glass, by Cousin, after the designs of Raphael. hey formerly were numerous, but only seven now ;xnain. The high altar is entirely detached, and con- sts of four Gothic colttmns; its front is ornamented ith small Gothic arches of white marble and small gures . The balustrade which separates the choi r from le nave is also Gothic, and of white marble. To the ;ft of the altar is a monument, after designs by Deseine, [> the memory of the unfortunate duke d*£nghien. It onsists of four full-length statues in beautiful white narble. The prince appears supported by Religion. riie other figures represent, the one, weeping France n chains, having at her feet a globe enriched with . teurs de lis^ and holding in her hand a broken scepti^e ; md the other Fanaticism, armed with a dagger, and in :he attitude of striking her victim. The statue of the arince is replete vrith dignity and expression ; that of Religion is rema.'^ably nnej near her is a gdt cross^ ind upon her h' ad is a golden crown. A trophy, in bronze, formed ol the arms of the prince and the ecM of the house of Coi de, fills up the interval between the figures of the foi ground. Upon the monument is the following inscrij^tion by the Acad^mie des Inscriptions i
Ossa hic sita sunt LvD. Akt. Hemrici
BOIJRBOMRICI GONDAI, DuCIS EmGUUNI,
Qui tunc exulante legitimo Rege,
Apud exterus ultra Rhennm hospitaretur,
Insidus Ura^ni, spretojure gentium, interceptus.
Intr^ hujusce castem munimenta
Ncfarie Uamnatus et percussus, occubuit
Noctc ' igesima prima Martis MDCCCIV.
' ' LudoT :;us Will, avito solio redditus,
De!k;ieratissimi principis reliquias
Tun%^ltuari<tum defossasrequiri,
Atque, rf cris piacularibus rite institutis,
f' ^cmonumentocondijussit
y MDCCCXVI.
\
\ A commem^* * ion service for the repose of tlie soul L 4of the uofortuiA, ,^ duke is performed here annually on
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^48 fiiryiRONS of paris:
the 2 i8t of March. The stranger who attends Hie b litary mass in music, at ten o'clock on Sunday n — ' ings, will be highly gratified.
At Yincennes ^ere aoe many neat country-lK with agreeable gardens. On the left of the road> half way from Paris to Yincennes, is seen an c villa, to which is attached a paper manufactorj belongB to the notorious Yidooq, wno after a long career i crime, was liberated from the galleys to become tl chefoi the brigade de sdreid or secret police, in w^hid emphi he realized considerable proper^ and retired The mimoires published by him are equally 'well knonn in Encland and France. The forest of Yinoen] abounds in game and animals suited to the chace, frequently the theatre of royal hunting parties, much frequented by the Parisians on Sundays i mer. The church of Yincennes was almost entirdj demolished at the Revolution, but a subscription has been set on foot for its reconstruction. FSte : — Ajinmp- tion day (August iSth), and the Sunday foUowii^ Conveyances :•— 16, march^ St. Jean; 1 1 , rue Ste.-Ooii- de^a-Bretonnerie ; a3, rue de TEgout-St.-Paul ; !x5, hk Ju Bouloy ; 33, rue Coquillidre ; and place de la Bastifle.
Liknoufi inoenna e, and is]
s. Itii I in sum-
TRE KHO.
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F£TES of the environs of PARIS.
; POIjIjOWING table will show the FiTES OF THE ENYIRONff, i 1830, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OP MONTHS, WTIH THE DI8- I^MCE OF THE RESPECnVE PLACES FROM THE CAPITAL^ AND TBB- ARRIERS LEADING TO THEM.
DAYS.
>. 34 (for 14 dAys).
J-.::::::: I
- 2
- 2&9
- tf
- 9
- 30
. 30,31&Jiiiiel ne I
- 13 (for 15 days).
— 27
— 27
— 27
— 27
.... 27 & Joly 4
ily 4
— 4& 11
— 11
— U
— 18
— 25
— 22. 25a Aug. 1 Lugust 1
!!*. !!!j2
15
15 at 22
.. 15at22
16*22
20
24,25^ & 29
29
29
29, 30 & 31
29. 30 & 31
September .... 5
..6.«at7
7 to 27
. . 12
October 9
...9to 18
, 10
PLACES.
See
FAge
Saini-DeniB ..;....
Versailles
Ittv
ChitUlon
Passy
Gentilly
Antony
Nanterre
Nqgent-sor-Mame. . .
Orly
Saint- Denu
BelleriUe
Neuilly i .
Sceanx
Saint- Matir
Sevres
Crenelle
Saint-Mand^
Meudon
Ch< i^titr)n
MiM rvAlfort
FoiiC'tDijr-aax-Hoses .
Flti.!n.H iHcqaet
Mo ntrti latency . . . . .
Rciriiniidlle
Pri,-. ^'1 1 Eit-Gerrais . . .
fssy
FontenaT-sous-Bois. 4 . Pont de Saint-Maor . . Soisy-soos-EtioUe. . .
Aatenil
Vincennes
Bellevue
VersaiUes
Jouy
Saint-Onen
Marly
Saresnes ( coaronne-
ment de la Rosi^re) .
St.-Germain (St. Lows)
Choisy-le-Roy
Bagnolet
lSt.-Gennain(desL(«es)
Saint-Cload
Bcrcy
Versailles
Saint-Denis
Arcueil , .
2 leagues. 1/8
2 i^m
2 - ~ 2 3 2
2 1/4
2 1/2
!;8
BARRIEIU».
Saint -Deuifl. de Vi^!l'iy^ d1(i(Jk, d'Kiifttr, de ritssy. de ) OuraiQc^ d'Kufcr. de L lltoUe. du Tri»ne. d'llillir. Sftirtc Dimfn de hvtievm«^. de I'Ktoile. d'liHiic, do Troiic.
de J^Masj^ de I h>ole-MilII. du Iriiiii!!. de V^niRirard. de t'hnre nton» de ( ' 1 1 » n'nloii. dMiiiTrr,
SftiriC- |]ea|i» de rimiiD. de Hi Nevlllftj de \ .iiLij^irard
dV l>4IIIC,
du 1 1 line, de ClinreutaB. dc l^(>*y. du TriVii*» de l':iHi?»j, de J'n?iji)f+ d'.Eufer, de Clichf » de l'A3^.
de I'Etoile. de I'Etoile. d'ltalie. de Pantin. de TEtoile. dePassy. deBercy. de Passy. Saint-Deni». d'Enfer.
617
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INDEX.
Page iLballoir de Grenelle 3 18
— de Montmartre ib.
— de Popincourt Sin
— du Roule 3i8
— deVillejuif. ib.
Abattoirs S16
Ibbeville xxt
^cademie des Beaux Arts. 4^9
— des Inscriptions ct Belles Lettres 4*^
— Fran^aise ib.
— de Medecine 4^^
— Royale de Musiquc. . . « 545
— de Paris
— des Sciences
Academies d'Armcs
Administration of Paris,
civil 3g
A|;ens de Change. . . ^. . . 18, ^9
Aire XXIX
AlUe des Veaves 528
Ambassadors, residence of 00
Amiens xxvii
Anatomy,cabinetof433|534,56^
Antwerp xlii
Appraisers 34
Xquedats 33i
Aqueduc d'Arcneil 33 1
— de BellevUlc 33a
— de Buc 6a7
— de Ceintnre 335
— de Marly 65i
— de St.-GJervais 333
Arc de Triompbe de Yt
toile.. 304
— de la Phcedu Carrousel iBi
Archbishop's Palace 9o6
Arches, triumphal aga
Archives ai5
— du royaume a4^
Page
Arrangements, cash i
Awas xxxix
Arrest for debt 35
Arrival in France, direc- tions upon xii
— at Pans, directions upon xlv
Arsenal 488
Artificial mountains 566
Asile de la Providence. ... 38 1 Aspect of the country. ... xx Association des chevaliers
de St.-Louis. ......... 397
— des JeunesEconomes.. ^oi Associations Paroissiales.. 4o5
— de Travail ib.
Asylum, Deaf and Dumb.. 388
— Lunatic*. .... 368, 370, 378
— Orphan 386
Ateliers de Sculpture 961
Ath^nee des Arts 470
— de Medecine ,
de Paris
Auctioneers.. '3i^
Bams Ambulans 349»35t
~~ Chantercine 35o
— Chinois 34g
— de Galles Sdo
;— de la Rotonde ib,
— St.-Sauveur 3ig
— de Tivoli ib.
Turcs ib,
— Vigicr ib.
BaUs 569
— masked 57a
Bank of France 5o, oH^q
— Savings* 53,^oo
Bankers, list of Ixx
Baptism 37
Barracks , d6o
Barriers 58^
. 63.
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y5o IWt
Page
Bastb de U ViUette 334
Bastringues 56o
Baths 348
— mineral 34g, 35o, 364
— sulpbur ib, ib.
Bazara 565
Beaiy on, Chapellc 78
— H6piUl 36i
Beaumont xxvi
Beauvais xxv
Benevolent Inatitutiona... 379
— Societies 396
Bereues xxxvii
Berimes xiv
Bibliothcque dc Ste.-Gene-
viive 486
— de rinstitut 4a3
— Mazarine a8'
— de Monsieur 48I
— dtt Roi i'fi
-;- dcUViUe 4
Bicctre, Hospice de 3
— Prison dc 37^
Bievre, the «^ »3
Births 3'
Blind, hospital 38(
— School 390
Boarding schools 44^
Boat8,Steam Ivii
Body guards, King's a8
BoeufUras 57a
Bois de Boulogne 5oo
— dc Vinceunes 583
Botanical gaUcry 5a8
Bouchain xUv
Boulevards 58 1
Boulogne xxiii
Bourse, la 49t^^°
Bridges 3i9
British Charitable Fund. . . 4oa
Brussels xliii
Bureau Central d' Admis- sion dans les Hopitaux
et Hospices 3g»
— dcs Cfonsultations judi- ciaires gratuitcs 3g9
— de la direction dcs Nour- rices 3^
Bureau des Marchanda Dra- piers
— de Pesage, etc 4^
— dcs Longitades (
Butchers
Cabinet of Anatomy433,5af ,
— of Antiques
— of Engravings . . .
— of Medals 94^,
— of Mmeralogy 44^>
— of Natural HistoTy 5i
Cabriolets xir,!
Cafe des Aveugles il
— du Caveau i
>- dela Paix il
Cafes xlvii, id
— with Performances.... 18! Caisse des Boulangers .... ^
— Dioccsaine 5gS
— d'Epargue , .53, ^
— Hjpotliecaire !^
— de Poissy , . . j'
Calais »»
— route from. xi
Caleches vf
Cambrai.. iXi*
Canal Companies. 5S
dc St.-benis 335
— de St.-Martin A
— de rOurcq 31
Carnival Sj'
Carpet manufactory 3o(
Carriages, duty on v
— hiring xif,!*
Casernes sl^
Cash Arrangements
Cassel jixij
Catacombs 59
Cathedral of Notre-Dame. . '
Catde Market 661, 6g!
Cemetery dcStc.-Catberiiic 6ij
— dc Montmartre ^
^ du Mont-Pamasse. . — - dnPere La Chaise.
--> de Vaugirard
Cemeteries
Cercle dcs Etrangers . . Cerclc Medical
612
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IHDEX. 75 1
PaKC ^amber of Commerce. . . 19, 49 — of Deputies, 37 — Palace
of the 199
-: of Peers, a6~Palace of
the 188
*Champ-de-Mars a55
''Champs-Elysees 576
Cbantilly. . .*. xxviii, 6^7
Chapel, Greek i4 1
Chapel ofSt.-yincent-dc-
; Paule 635
Chapelle Beaujon 78
' — ^ainte 3i4
ChapellesexpiatoireS|84)i39,^io Charitable Fund, British.. 40a ' Chateau-d'Eau du Boule- ' vard de Bondy 339
— dc la Place du Palais-
' Royal. . , / 172
Chaumiere, la 568
Church, Gallican ........ 55
— the Abbey-aux-Bois ... 1 15
— of St.-Ambroise 108
— St.-Antoine lo'
— the Assumption ni
— the Carmelites 146
— St.-Deuis io5
— Ste.-Elisaheth 101
— St.-Etienne-du-Mont . . ia5
— St.-Eustache 8
— St.-Fran^ois d' Assise. . 10
— St.-Fran(ois Xavier. . . 11
— Ste.-Geneviive 1 35
I -^ St.-GermainVAaxerrois 93 I — St.-GermaindesPres.. laa ; ' — St.-Gervais 110
— • des Invalides 2139
I — Sl.-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas, i3a
— St.-Laurent 95
— St.-Leu and St.-Gilles. go
— St.-Louis 76
— St.-Louis en Tile 1 00
— the Lutherans j^3
— la Madeleine 70
— Ste.-Marguerite 106
— St.-Medard i33
— St .-Mem lOT
— des Missions Etrangeres 1 16
Page Church St.-Nicolas-des-Ch. 97
— St.Nicolas-du-Chardon- net \2Q
— Notre-Dame 58
— Notre-Dame des blancs Manteaux io3
— Notre-Dame de Bonne- Nouvelle 01
— Notre-Dame dc Lorette 84
— Notre - Dame-des- Vic- toires 89
— the Oratoire 14a
— St.-Paul and St.-Louis. 11a
— Petits-Peres J 89
— St.-Philip 77
— St.-Pierre-de-Chaillot. 78
— St.-Kcrre-du-Gros-Cail- lou • •. . 117
— St.-Roch 80
— St.-Severln lai
— the Sorbonne 4^"
— St.-Sulpice 118
— St.-Thomas-d'Aquin . , ill
— the Val-de-Grace 375
— St.-Valcre 117
— St.-Vincent-dc-Paule.. qO
— the Visitation iJS
Churches 56
— first built at Paris 3
— y Protestant 141
Circulating Libraries 1
Cirque-Olympique 559
Civu administration of Paris 3q
— Rights 35
Clarified water, establish- ment for 347
Clergy of France o5
— ofParis 56
Clermont xxviii
Climate of Paris n
Cochesd'Ean Ivii
Coins, French ii
— comparaiive table of. . . iii Collection of articulated
animals without vertebrse 5a3
— of inarticulated animals without vertebrae ^^^
of Birds. .^ 5i7
Digitized by Google
lADBX.
75a
Page GoUection of Fiihes. 5aa
— Geological 5i i
— of Mammalia 5i5
of Minerals « 'Wt ^^^
_ of Reptiles. . . .^ 5ai
College des Anglais ^56
— dc Bourbon lii
— de Charlemagne ii^
— des Ecossais
— de France
— de Henry IV
— des Irlandais . . . . «
— de St.-Louis
— de Louis-le-Grand
— deSte.-Barbc....
— de Stanislas
Colleges Royal 438
Colunui de la Halle au Ble. 3io
— triumpbal aj^
Combat aes Animanx .... 5o4
Commerce of Paris lo
Commercial Establishments ^9 Commissaires de Police ... in
— Priseurs 34
Commissionaires li
Commission Protestante de
placement pour les ou- vricrs et domesticpies.. . |oi
Common Sewers 353
Companies, Commercial. . 5a
Concerts ^70
Concicrgerie, la 4^
Conquest of Gaul by Cesar Conservatoire des Arts et
Metiers....: 53a
Consul, American 3i
— English 3o
Consumption of Paris 1 5
Convents ... * i44
Conveyances from London. x
Cosmorama 563
Council of Hospitals 4^
— of Ministers a5
— Privy a6
— of State I*
— of War, superior So
Councils, King's ......... a5
Country, aspect of xx
.33,1
Coor BataTe
— des Comptes. ..
— des Miracles, . .
— Rovale..
Coorsia Reine •••... $
Court of Cassation 3as, 3
Courtiers de Commerce • . ig. Courts. • a
of justice
Custom-houses
Customs of the Parisians. . Deaf and Dumb Asylunt .. 3
Deaths ,
Debt, arrest for. J5
Debtors* Prison fa
Degrees in the School of
Medecine {3;
Department, Prefecture of
Dep^tdesLaines/.V.V.!.' Zi
— de La Prefecture de Police 4^
Deputies, Chamber of. . •ai^fiJH Dieppe , xsi
— road from xtf
Diligences xiii,K
Diorama 95i
Directions to the Traveller
previous to departnre from England... i
— upon his arrival ia France si
— upon his arrival in Paris, sh
— previous to departure from Paris hi
Directory, Paris Ixi
Divine service in English.
Division of Paris
Divorce
Drama, origin fmd progress
in France 53;
Duels 58i
Dunkirk xxx^
— road from ik
Duty on articles taken to
England Ixf
Duty on carriages, horses,
etc XB
Digitized by Google
1
IHDEX.
953
Pa
ting^bouaes xlix, |i
ux Glarifiees, ^tablissc-
nent des 3|7
ole d' AccoQchement. . . 3o6
d'appUcation d'EUt -
liigor 44s
I d'appUcation des Inge- fiieiiTS-Geogra)[»hes. .... 448 , des Arts et Metiers
des Beanx-Arts 449
^ de Chartes ih.
^ de Commerce. ..•••.. . de Dessin poor les jcu-
.nes personnes
. de Droit <
t de Lances Orientales
, vivantes
^ de M athematiques et de
Dessin
- de Medecine. 'f Militaire aSS
- des Mines 447
^ de Mosaique 4^
- deMusiqueetdcDecU-
" mation «... 4^^
' - de Peintnre en couleort
' vitriBahlea ib.
^ de Pharmacie iSS
^ Poly technique
'- des Ponts-etrChaussees. /k&n
*^ des Savoyards lp\
^oles de la Chaiite 16.
|— d'Equitation 454
^ de Natation 35i
^— Nonnales eUmentaires. 460
'^ Primaires 4 ' ^
jlScuries da Roi.
454
45a 43o
449
451 43i
.Edifices, publics ai8 JFoontain de Ste.-Avoye<
^— reli^oas 55
^see, Montmartre 567
^glisli Ambassador 3o
^-^ Consul ih,
^ Divine service 14^
^— Newspapers Ui
1^ Students of medicine.. 4^7 Entreprise des Ponipes Fu-
\ n^bres 44
Entrince Duties oC Paris. . 17
Environs of Paris (
Equestrian performances.. { Establishment of Clarified
Water \
Establishments, principal
commercial
— religious
■ connected withtheHos- pitak :
Estamincts (smoking houses) xlviii, ]
Etablissement enfaveurdes blesses indigens :
— dc Fikture
— ' de Saint-Joseph :
Exchange. 49> '
Executions :
Exhibition of Paintings. . . I Expenses of city of Paris.
— of Population of Paris. . Expiatorv Chapels, 84> '^ ^ Faculte de Droit. • . .
— des Lettres
— de Medecine. . . ,
— des. Sciences....
— deTh^ologie#,«. Facultes, les. ......
Fencing Schools. . « . Fites, public «.
— of environs. ....
Fiacres
Fine Arts in Paris. . ,
Firemen
Fishing
Foire aux Jambons.
Food of Paris
Foundling Hospital.
— dc Bacchus.
— de Birague. ,
— des Capucins« I
— des Carmes I
Sainte-Catherine ;
de la Croix du Tiroir. .
— Dessaix ^
^ duDiable 2
— de TEchaude
-^ delXcole-do-MMecine.
by Google
^54 INDEX.
Pace Fountain Egypticnnc 341
— de TElephant aoi
— d'Esculape S^i i
St.-Germain 307
de Crenelle 3^a
— du Gros-Gaillou 3^4
-. de la Halle-au-Ble 3ii
— des Innocens. 3o4
•^ des Invalides 220
— deUda 3i3
— de Louis-le-Grand. ... ib,
— de Saint-Louis ib.
— du Luxembonre igS
— du Marche-St.rfifartin. . 307
— de Maw 34^
— ^ Saint-Martin ib.
— Maubuce ib.
— de la rue Montmartre.. ib.
— de la Naiade 345
— de la Paix 3o'
— du Palmier a8i
— du parvis Notre-Dame . 3qq
— des Petits-Peres 345
— de la place de la Bas- tille sgi
— de la place de I'Ecole. . ogi -^ de la place St.-Michcl. 345
— de la place du Palais- Royal 177
— de la pointe Saint-Eus- tache 3i6
— > de Popincourt ii
— de Richelieu ib
— Saint-Severin ib
— de Tantale ib.
— de la rue de Vaugirard. 343
— de Vendomc 347
— de Saint-Victor ib.
Forges xxxii
Foreign Office a5o
Fountains. 33o
Franc-Etrier xy
France, mode of travelling
in xjii
— Posting Regulations in. xvi
Freemasons 4oi
I'rogs ^ \
funerals 33^44
Galerie d'Angonlemc. . .
— du due de Bordeaux.
— du due d*Orleans. . . . Galignani's Hesaen^er. . Galleiy, Botanical
— of the Luxembourg..
— Sommariva
Gallican church
Gaming Houses. . . 186, 10^ { Garde-Meuble de la Cou-
ronne
Garden of the Luxembourg.
— of the Palaia-RoyaL .
— ofPlanU
— of the Tuileries
Gardens public
— royal 160, 193, i
Gare de V Arsenal
Gas Light Companies. . Gendarmerie of Paris. . . .
Georama
Gisors uixi
Glass Coaches i»
Glass (Platel Manufiictorr. ^ Gobelins, Manufacture d« Xf Gospel first preached at
Paris
Goumay mv»!
Government EstabUahnicDU s
— of Paris, Civil aud Mili- tary...... 3:
Grand Voirie i^
Greek Chapel i|
Grenier d' Abondance 3^
— de Reserve ii
— aSel 3«
Grotte du Luxembourg. . . \\
Guillotine 1
Guinches 5t
Gttinguettes. 5{
Gymnase militaire et civil, i
Hackney Coaches '
HaUcauBl^ ^
— aux Guirs 3
— aux Draps
— aux Veaux 3i
aux Vins 3i
Ham Fair 3i
d by Google
INDEX. 755
Page
Harfleiir xxxvi
Haut'BuisMm xxii
TIavre xxxv
' — Route from xxxiv
bazebrouck xxxviii
Helvoetslays xli
* — Route rrom xl
Points of view, best. . , 6a'
historical sketch of Paris. . lloUand, route through. . . xl 'H6pital St.-Antoine 359
— Ueavyon 36i
I. — de la Gharite 35g
' — Cochin 36o
— des Enfans malades. . . 36i ^ — Leprince 375
— St.-Loui8 3d3
' — - de madame Necktr. . • 36o
— delaPitii 358
I — des Quinze-Vingts.. . . .
— des Ven^riens 365
Hdpital Militaire de la
Garde Royale 375
— des Gardes du Roi. ... ib.
— de Picpus 378
— du Val-dc-Grace 875
Horse Races 670
Horses, duty on xii
Hospice de Bicetre 3C
— ues £nfans-Trouves... 31
— des Incurables femmes. 3^9
— des Incurables hommes 38o
— de la Rochefoucauld. . . 38a
— des Menages 38o
— des Orphelins 386
— de la Salpetri^re 367
— de la Vieillesse. . . 367, 369
Hospices 32^
Hospital, Blind 381
— Foundling 383
— Lying in 366
Hospitals ' 354
— Bureau for admission into the 39a
— Ck)uncil of 4^
Hotel des Affaires-Etran-
gires aSg
^ de St.-Aignan a6a
Page Hotel d'Anmont aoa
— Bazancourt 4'^
— Beaumarchais a63
— de Beauveau ib.
— de Biron ib.
— de la Reine Blanche., ib.
— Borgh^se ib.
— of the late duchess of Bourbon ib.
— Bretonvilliers ib,
— de Brunoy 264
— de Bullion ib.
— de Carnavalet ib.
— Chanisot a65
— < de Ghatillon ib.
— de Clnny ib.
— Colbert ib.
— du Gontroleur-gen^ral. a66
— du Craufurd ib.
— Dieu 35rr
^~ Denon a66
— du prince d'Eckmulh. . ib. Egertou i^.
— des Fermes 267
— du Cardinal Fcsch. . . . ib.
— des Finances a5Q
— Frascati 260
— de Galifet ib»
— des Gardes du Corps. , a5Q
— de Mile. Guimard a6S
— d*Hollande i^.
— des Invalides, aai — Es- planade of the, aaa-^ Grand front of the, aa3 — Cour Royale of the, aa4— Interior of the, aa5 Church of the, 939 — Dome of the a3a
— de Jassaud ; . . • . 269
— Kunski ib.
— Lambert ib.
— de la Ijegion d'Hon- or 957
— de LongueviUe ajo
— de Lnynes ik.
— de la Marine 985
— de Mesmes 27*
— de Mcurice . xlvi
Digitized by Google
INBBX.
756
Pt6€ H6tel de Mmbeaa ani
— des Moiii»»e« a4i
«. de Montholon ant
_« dc Montmorency ib.
de Montmorcncy-Laval. ib.
de Nivcrnois vp
— d'Oigny /•••" "'*
^ of the laic ducheu
dowager of Orleans . . . • ib,
— d'Orsay ib.
— d'Osmond a^
--.dcsPostes H^
— dePradin ^T^
— de la Reyniere ib'
— de Richelieu ifr
— de la Rochefoucauld... ib.
— deRohan-Montbazon.. ib.
— de Seni
— dcSommariva ^74
— dcSuUy ib.
— Talleyrand ib.
— Thclusson • • • ib*
— da Timbre a58
— da Trcsorier ^74
^ d'Uzes »*•
— de Valentinoia ib.
— dc Vendfime ib.
— de vare aiS
— Wagram a^S
Hotels, private, ancient,
and modem ^
— famished ^l"'^
Hours for Meals xlvu
HonseaVs Protestant Insti- tution 443
Household's, King's ....... a'
— Troops f
HvdriiuUc Machines 336
IcfaUe 566
Imprimcrie Rojalc a47
Infirmerie dc Marie The-
r^se 374
Inns, French **"
Insiitut 4^7
InstiLation pour Ics fiUcs
delaissees 4o3
— desJeuncs Avcuglcs.. 3j dc Masique religiensc. . 4<
Institulion de Ste.-
des Sourds ei Bluets. Inatitutiona. ... .......
— charitables
— scientific and titeiair. . \ Insnrance Compaiiics, nre
and life..
Intendant General oi the
King's Honaekold i
Interpreters
Islands of Paris. ...
Italian warchoaaes d
Itinerary of the Roads to
Paris from England. ... i James II, momunent of. . . ^ Jardin des Montagncs
Fran^aises 5S;
— Montplaisir i
— des Plantes . . • ^ 5?
— de Tivoli
— Turc J^
Jenx de Paume 5^
Joutes sur I'eau ^
Juges de Paix ^,
Justice, Courts of ..... .. "^
— Palais de «9
King's Councils,
«- Household 1^
— Household Troops. Laquais de place. . « ... Latran, Tour de St. -Jean dc it
Lavoir, public Si:
Law, Faculty of j3*
— School of A
Laws interesting to Fo- reigners
Legion d'Honneur, Hdid
de la a5
Letters of credit. .. . Libraries, circulating
— public 4i
Lille jLivn
Literary Institutions 4<
Livre des Postes xi
Lod(;ings in Paris \l
Lonj^champs
Longitudes^ Bureau des. . . Looking Glass Manafiictory
zed by Google
llfDEX.
757
Page
oiteries Sni
ouvre. Palace of the 106
* Fronts of the 168
. Court of the
. Interior of the 170
— Miiscum of the 49*
^unatic hospitals, 368, 870, 378
.«utece
^uxembonrgtpalace of the
. Interior of the igO
_ Gallery of the 19a
^ Garden of the igS
— lePetit 1! ^
*- Grotte du y
Lying in Hospital 5
liaeazines, list of Ixiii
Mairies 4^
liaison a<
. d* Accouchement 3(
. — Lebrun a64
— Callet ib.
des Cameanx q65
— Royale de Charenton. . 3^8
— de la Gouronne d'Or. . a65
^ LeDoux 266
-» d'Education de la Le-
gion-d'Honnear 6go
--> d*Enghien 874
— pour TExtinction de U Mendicity
^ St. Foix
— de Francois I ib,
— du Chanoine Fulbert. . 968 • — Lathuilc 970
— de St.-Lonis t6.
• — d'Orlian 979
— de Refuge du Bon Pas- teur 3^9
— de Refuge pour les Jeonf s Prisonmers ib,
-^ de Retraite 38a
^ Rojale de Sante 365
'— Scipion 3q3
Malines xlii
MtUe Poste. ,, xiv
Manners of the Parisians , .
Page Manufactory of Carpets... 3oo
— of Porcelain 6g8
— of Tapestry 998
Manufacture des Glaces... 3oi
— des GoheUns 398
de Mosaiqpie 3o9
— de la Savonnerie 3oo
— des Tabacs 19, 3oa
Manufactures of Paris «... 19 March^ aux Arbustes 3 14
— des Augustinsl^ 3o6
— Beauveau 3oq
— au Beurre 3oS
~ des Blancs-Manteaux. . 3o8
— des Cannes ib,
— aux Chevmux 3i9
— aux Fleurs Sii
— aux Fourrages 3i5
— au Fromage 3o5 ^
— aux Fruits 3x4
— St.-Germain 307
'- des Herboristes. ...... 3i5
— St.-Honore 3o8
— des Innocens 3o3
— St.-Jacquesnde-la-Boa- cherie 3i3
— St^ean 3oQ
— St.^oseph 3o8
^ St..Martin 3o6
— aux OEufs 3o5
— aux Ognons 3i5
— auPain ii.
— au Poisson 3o5
— anxPommes^-de^Teire. 3i5
— k la Viande 3o5
— du Vieux Linge 3i3
» alaVolaiUe 3o6
Market, CatUe...3i9,<i6f, 698
Markets 3o9
Marq^uise xxii
Blamage 37
Marseille xxv
Masked Balls 57a
Mat de Cocagne 676
Measures, French and Eng- lish compared ri
Mantes . . . .^ xxxivlMechlin xlii
Manufactories, royal. ...» 997 1 Medicine, School of. ... • 43 1
Digitized by Google
758
INDEX.
113
Page
MMiagene 5o8
Mealui xjLxvw
Meiirice's Hotel xlvi
MiUtaiy Govemmeat of
Patu *. Ho
Mineralogt, GabiMt of 44S, 5i3 Minister for Ecclcsiaatieal
Affairs 3o
-^ of the FiniBces ib
— > for ForeigB AITaivt. . • 99
— of the Imnrior ih.
-^ of Justice ib
— of the Marine 3o
«" of Public faMtmctioB. . ib,
-» of War ao
Ministers, Goiufiilof a5
«- residence of Foreign. . 3o Mint a4
. Monetary System of France ii
Bions xUii
Mont de Piet^ 43, 960, 894
MontreuU xuv
MoniimensPiihlics, conser- Tation des (See hack of Tmblm 0/ UonienU), Monamentof Janiesll.... 4^
Morgue, la ^^8
Mouceanx, Pare de
Mountains, artificial
Musee des Antiques
.*-» d*Artiilcrie
-, Charles X
-— Cosmopolite
^ Dau^bin
— des Dessins ^9^
— d^Histoire Naturellc. . . doa
><• du Luxembourg io»
-X- des MoBumens nan^ais 53o
— RoyaL 49>
— desXableaux. tb.
Museums ib,
Natation, Ecoles de 35i
NatutalHistory, Cabinet of 5i i
<^Muscum of. 5oa
Navy Office. a85
Neorama ..... ^ 56a
N«ws|Mipers, list of Ixif
Notaries... ^|— plsnofviewingiBawaefclnu
^'^tre-Dame, Calhedralof. 581— Environs of,
Nursery grounds ig4t
Nttrses,Offie« Ibr obtniaing
Observatoire
Octroi duties of Paris. ....
Odeon, the
Offices of the Secretaries of
State
Officieni de Saute
Olympic Circus
Ombres Chiaoises de Sera-
phia 56
Omnibus
Opera, Comic S3r
-<- French
— Italian
Oratoire, the
Orphan Asylum
Ostend....*
— road from
Oarcq, Canal del'
Packets, time of sailing. Pa^an worship at Pteis.. » Pamtings, Exhibition of . . 565 Palace of the Chamber of
Deputies M
— orthe Chamber of Ften A
— of the Institute. ...... ^
-— ' of the Louvre iffi
of the Luxembourg. . . iSI
— of the Tuileries tk
Palaces, Rojral and other. . iT Palais, Archiepiscopal. . . . sdS
— Bourhon,ig6^Aacedu igc
— de TElvs^e Bourbon. . . 901 -— de rinaustrie Nationale ai5 ~ de Justice 909
— Royal, 175 — Garden and Galleries of the, 181 Interior of the, 178 — Place du i^
^- du Temple 141
<- des Thcrmes ai5
Panorama Nautique 553
Panoramas i6>
Pantheon. i35
Pare de Mouceaux 584
Paris, arrival at xir
617
d by Google
p- Paris, Historical Sketch of i . — - present State of. ..... . t i
^ . — Climate of. ih.
— Situation of ih,
^ .— Rivers of la
— IslandsoC i3
— Taxes of i6
.— Octroi and Entrance
,1 Duties of 17
— • Expense of the Popu- lation of ihy
. — Population of i3
.— > Consumption of i5
— Food of. 16
— Division of 4^
— Military Government of
— Civil Administration of iJn
— Commerce of 18
. — Manufactures of 19
— Fine Arts of. ... ^ at
. — Sciences of aa
— Receipts of . . , do
" Expenses of j&.
— Streetsof 1
, Parisians, Manners and
Customs of the 33
Parvis de Notre-Dame. ... 63
Passages 996
Passports >> Kii, xW, Ivii
Peers, Chamber of 76, tf
Pensions 44^
P^pinieredu Luxembourg. 5^ PireLaChaise,Cemeteryof 597
Petite Voirie 49
Pharmacie, centnle .... 393 Place de la Bastille 390
— Beauvean 393
— du Carrousel, i5o — Triuanphal Arch of the. i5r
— du Chltelet 388
— Dauphine ib.
— de I'Ecole 3Qt
— de Gr^ve 380
— Louis XVi 983
-^ deNotrc-Dame 63
— du Palais*Bourbon 1917
— du Palais de Juatice. . . 3i{
— du PiJais-Royal 177
INDEX. 759
Page
Mace Royale^ 380
•« St.-6ulpice 990
— Venddme, 975— Colnnm of the 976
— des Victoires 3or
Places 375
Plan for viewing Paris in a
Week ...» Iviii
Plants, Garden of 5o4
Plate Glass Manufactory. . 3oi Police, Commissaires de . . .
— Prefecture de
Pompe du Pont Notrc>Dame
339,336 •-* De la Samaritaine. 395,836 Pompe k Feu de Chaillot. . ib,
-^ du Gros Caillou 337
Pompes Funebres, Entre-
pnses des 44
PontdeTAU^ed'Antin.... 338
— de TArchevlche 33 1
— des Arts 336
— au Change 333
— St.-€harle8 33i
— delaCite 3ao
— au Double 33i
de I'Ecole Bfilitaire... 338
— de Gramnont 33o
— delaGr^ve 33i
— du JardindesPlantes.. 3 10
— Louis XVI 336
— Marie 33o
— St.-Michel 333
— Neuf. 333
— Notre-Dame 33x
— Petit 333
— Rojal 326
— de laToumelle 39o
Pontoise xxzii
Population of Paris 1 3
Porcelain Manufactory. . . . Cfi Porte St.-Denis 399
— St.-Mai<in 99!
Porteurs d'Eau. . t -
Post Horses, office for. . . . 4^
Post Office »..
Poste, Petite
Posting, in France xi^
Digitized by Google
Ei
760 INDEX.
Page
Prado, le
Pre Saint-Oervait 583
Prefecture of the Depart- ment So
-> of Police A61
Printing Office, royal Q^nj
Prison de I'Abbaye • 41^1
— de Bicetre 37a
— de la Conciergerie ^OQ
— de la Force 4oo:
— de Saint-Lazare Ii4
— des Madelonncttei. ... Ai5
— de Montaigu ii6
— de Sainte-P^lagie J]^a
— of Poifts^
— de la Prefecture de Po- lice
Prisons
Privjr Council. 'a6|
Promenades. .' 5^6
Protestant Churches i4it
and back uf Table of
Con tents ^
— Institution, Houseal's.. 44^ Public Monuments, Conser- vation des (See back of Table of Contents),
— Office for tickeU. (See do.) Quartier de Francois I. . . . 678
Qtt«ys 3x|'
Quinte-Vingts, Hopital des. 386
Races, Horse 670
Reading Rooms 1.
Receipts of city of Paris. . . 4^1
Regulations, Posting xvi
Reu^ous Edifices ana Esta- I
bbshments 55
Restaurateurs xlvi, xlix|
Reviews, literary, list of.. . Ixiii
— military 70
Riding Schools 554
Rights, Civil 35
Rivers of Paris
Rotterdam xli
Rouen xxxii
Routes to Paris,
— from Calais xx
— from Diep^ xxix
— from Dunkirk xxxvii
Routes to Paris,
— from Havre « • . . xxi
— from Helvoetsluys ....
.^ from Ostend xxs
Routes from London to Pans ]
Sainte-Chapelle a:
Saint-Omer xxi
Saint-Quentin xi
Salons de Figures 5i
Salpetriere, Hospice de la . 38
Sapeura-Pompiers {
Savings* Bank 53, i«
Savonnerie, la Sly 1»
School, Blind 3b
— Deaf and Dumb 39A
-^ of Law A3i
— of Medicine ^Zi
Schools, boarding 44'' *i>d
P/iris Directory-,
— Charity J61
— Special 444
Sciences in Paris ^
Scientific Institutions 4*2
Secours aux noyes, etc. . . ifi
— a domicile 3m
Seine, the I3» %
Seminaire du St.-Esprit. . . ^
— des Iriandais JSO ,
— des Missions etranf^eres. iw j
— Petit 455!
— dc St.-Sulpice JSS
Senlis xxxii
Servants h
Sewers, common 353
Shooting 3$
Silos 6g;
Situation of Paris
Skaiting
Sketch of Paris, Historical Slaughter Houses. . . xlviii, 3i
Smoking Houses ti
Snuff Manufactory. ... 19, Sc Society d' Agriculture 4?
— d' Agronomic prstimie. . 47^
— d'amelioration des Xai* '
— pour ramelioration des Prisons 39^
— des Amis des Arts 470
Digitized by Google
INDKX.
Si
SociGte des Antiquaircs. . .
— Asiatique
— Biblique protettante*. .
— des Bibliophiles
des Bonnes Leltres. . .
— . dn Bulletin universel. . .
— Gatholique des boos Li- tres
— de Cliimie medicale . . .
— d'Economiedomesliqae. — > d'Ecnture L^o
— des Enfans d'ApoUon. . 475 — - des Enfans, en fayeur
des Vieillards 4o3
— - des Etablissemens cha-
ritables
• — pour la delivrance des
Prisonniers 3g6
— - pour I'encourafi^ement
de rindustrie nationale. • — - en faveur des Grecs . . .
— de Geographie
— Grammaticale
— HcUeniqiie
— Helv^tique de Bienfai- sance
•^ d'Histoire natureUe. . . .
— d'Horlicukure 4?*
— pour rinstruction ele- mentaire 4?^
— Israelite des Amis du TravaU 4oi
— Lyrique des Soupers de Mouius
— Matemelle
— deU Morale chretienne.
— medicale d'Emulation. .
— de Medecine de Paris. .
— de Medecine pratique.
— Medico-Philantropi^ue. Sgg
— Medico >Philantropique
de Paris ib.
— Medico-Pratique 4^
i — des Methodes d*Ensei*
^ement
— des Orphelines.
— de Pharmacie. . .
— Philantropique .
Societe Philomtlique. . .
— Philotechnique .....
— Protestante de Secours mutuek
— de la Providence. . . . des Sallcs d*Asyle pour
I'Enfance 4o3
— de Secours mutuels entre Ouvriers ih,
— Statistique 165
— des Traites Religieux . . 2oi Societies, Benevolent }q6
— Scientific, Literary, etc. 40^
Sceurs de la Charite 356
Sorbonne, the 4^^
Spectacle Acrobate 56 1
— Foraindn Luxembourg, ib,
— Mecanique 56a
Stables, King's ^
Stage Coaches, etc. . .x, xiii, li
Stamp Office 45, ti58
State, Council of a6
Statue of HeiiFY IV 3a3
— ofLouisXm a8r
— of LouisXlV 'i8a
— of Louis XV 577
of Louis XVI a85
— of Louis XVIII 197
Statues of Pont Louis XVI . Sa^ Steam Boats x, Ivii
— Engines 336
Streets of Paris 1
Susj»ension-bridges . . .3ai, 3a8
Swimming Schools 35 1
Synagogues, Jewish ]43
Table of French coin re- duced to English iii
— of Posting Charges . . • xvii Tapestry Manufactory.... 398 Tarijf of tlie Octroi and
Entrance Duties of Paris 1 7
Taxes of Paris 16, ^1
Temple, Convent du 1I4
— Palais du 10.
Tennis Courts 573
Theatre de TAmbigu Co-
mique 558
— deBeUeville 56o
Digitized by Google
Triampka] — Colniii
762 rNDEX.
Theatre de M.OoiBte
— Favart 5^9
» Francis. 5ii
— Fran^ais (seconU) 543
— Funambmes 5oi
— de la Gaiete 558
— de Grenelle 56o
— deJoly 56a
— de Madame 553
— de Montmartre 56o
— da Mont-Pamaaae ib.
— des Nouveautea 555
• derOdeon 543
— delaPorteSt.lfartin.. 556
— du Ranela^h 56o
— des Soireea Dramati- qiies 56]
— dea Thennes 56o
— des Varietes 556
— du Vaudeville 554
Theatres 537
— de la Banlicue de Paris 56o
— Minor 553
— Royal 541
Thennes, Palais des 21 5
Tour de St.-Jean-de-Latrau 369 Tour St.-Jacques-de-k-
Boucherie 3i3
Tradesmen, Ust of Ixx
Traiteurs xlvi, xlix
Travelling in France xiii
Treasury, Hoyal ^Sg
Tribunal de i^mmerce 34* ^^ ^- of Municipal Police. . . 35 — • de Premiere Instance. . 34 Tribunals 3a
Tribuiiaiix de Pkix. . lal Arches. •
.iSi.i
Troops, French
Tuileriea, Palace of the.
— Court of the
— Galleries of the
— Garden of the
— Interior of the
Universite de France. . . Vaccination, grmtuitoas. Val-de-GrmccChurch of the
— HospiUl of the
Valenciennes *..... if^^
Vehicles, public x, xiii,^
Vernon xxxr
Veterinary School 6t£
View of Paris, best poiaUof 6*: Voirie,graDde. .., i*.
— petite 43
Voitures. xrr, Ii
Voituriers xr
Walks, pubUc W
War, Superior Coimcil of. k WatetM^arriers 38
— Establishment of clari- fied ^
WauxhalldTEte *
Wax Work.. 9St
Weiglits of France reduced
to English ^
Wharfs 3k
Wills 38
Wimille xxii
Workhouse 3v
Work Societies 4o5
ENVIRONS OF PARIS.
Alfort 618
— theVeterinary School of ib<
Antonj 619
Arcueil ib.
— Aqueduct of. 33i
Argenteuil 6ao
Amouville ^,
Ii
Asnieres-sur-Seine 691 J
Attlnay4es-Boiidy ihA
Auteuil ih,\
Bagatelle 693 f
Bagneux G»i .
Bagnolet ib.
Belleville 6a5
d by Google
IXDEX.
763
Pace Seville, Aquednct of . . . 3
Llevue 625
pcy «^-
cetre 6a6
ndy ih'
•urg-U-Reine ib.
ic 6a7
lUe St.-Chaumont ib.
lantilly ib.
larenton 6J3
liatillon 63i
Koisy-lc-Roi 635
lichy '" i*-
loud, St 662
olombes 636
ompieKne i^*
orbeil 637
our-de-France 63o
4>urbevoie ib,
Ireteil ib,
iyr,St. fe
leiii8,St 68c
^nghien-les-Bains
^mennnville
^ssone
•'ontainebleau
^ontenay-flous-Boia 6i6
^ontenay-aux-Roses '
^ranconville to.
3entillj : 647
Sennain-en-Laye, St 6gi
Sratien, SC 6o4
Qrcnelle W
Gros-Bois «f •
laay 64^
Ivr> 649
Jouy «^-
La Chapelle i^-
Livpy 63o
Maisons-AlfoH ib'
Mabnaiflon ib-
Mande,St 6q5
Marly ^i
Maur.St 6q5
McnilmontanC «5a
Meudon ib
MontCalvaire 653
Bfontmartre 655
Montmorency 656
MontroQge G57
Mont-Valerien 653
Mortefontainc 657
Moetle, la 660
Nanlcrrc 658
Ncuilly ib,
Nogenl-siuvMarne 6Sq
Orly ib.
Ouen,St 6g6
Passy 659
Pleaaifr-Picquet 660
Poissy ib»
Pont de St.-Manr 696
Pre St.-Gervais 669
— Ac|iieduct of 333
Raincy 662
Rambouillet 663
Ranelagh 660
RomainYiUe 665
Rosny 666
Rucil 664
Saint Cloud 667
-Cyr. 6g
— Demi 680
— GermaiO'en-Laye 691
— Gervais, Pre 6S^
— Gratien 69^
— Mande G^
— Maor lb.
— Onen 6g6
Sceaux ^7
Sevre8,,698— Porcelain Ma- nufactory of. 698
Soissy-sout-EtioUe 70X
Staines 709
Suresnes t^.
Trianon, Grand 730
— Petit 736
Yaugirard 7o3
VerMilles ib.
VOleneuTe-rEtang 744
Vincennea to.
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d by Google
LIST
OF THE
STREETS, SQUARES, etc
PARIS.
PARIS :
PUBLISHED BT A. ARD W. CALIGRANI,
TM rnERCII, XKCUilB, ITALUlf, CIlHiR AND SMIflSa lIBllIr, n* 18, ■■>■ TITLERIIt.
1827.
Digitized by LjOOQ IC
EXPLANATION.
The capital letter and figure placed after the name i the street, indicate the part of the Map in which it is foao^i for example, if you wish to find rue de Birony D. 6. draw yoar finger down under thfe leltl!r D, from the top of Ik Map, till it arrives opposite the figure 6, between tk lines of wtiich is rue de Biron.
The figure placed before the name of a street indicaUi that it is traced in the Map, but its name could not be gives for want of room.
A cross 4- added to the letter and figure, denotes thali on account of the small size of the Map, there is neitbd name nor trace of it given.
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LIST
OF THE
STREETS, SQUARES, etc. IN PARIS.
Abbats (de 1'), D. 4. Ahbave (place Ae 1') . D. 4. AhbaYe-Sc-Martin (pasMgede Y),
£.1 + Acacias (des), C. 5. AcadAmitf, Vendeuil. pnsaage, pr6*
ijaint-Sulptce,D.4 + Agumseau (d'), C. 2. Aguessean (marc'ii et passage d'),
uT^s la Madeleine. C. 2. + Atguillerie (de 1'), E. 3. ; AUiotty, F % Albret fCours d'), MonlSaint-Hi-
laire,E.4.6.-f AUte-dos- Veuves, on Arcnoe des,
B. 2, 8. Alexandre (Saint-), enclos do la
Trinild, E. 8. + Align (d'). G. 4, 6. Aligre (paasago d'), R. Bailleul, E.
3 + Amandien-Fopincourt Cdet), G.
H.3. Amandiers (des), Montagne^intc-
Gcnertire, E. 6. Amandiers (harriere des), H. 3. AmbiffD-Comiqnc (theatre), boale-
varo dn Temple, F. 2. Amhoise (d'), Ricbeliea, D. 2. AmlioiM> (impasse), place Manbert,
E.4 + Amliroise-Poptocoart (St^), G. 3. Amelot, F. 3, 4. Anastase (Saint-), F. 3. Anden-Graud-Cerf (passage de 1'))
E.3. Ancre-Roy al ( passage de 1'), B. 3. Andri (Saint-), H. 3.
Andr«-des-Arts (Saint-), D.E. 4. Andr6-des-Art8 (place M.-), K. 4.
1 Angiviller (d'), D. 3.
2 Angladc(del'), D.3. Anglais (dns), £. 4.
Anglais (impasse des), rue Boaa-
Jtourg, E. a. -1- Anglaises (des^, £. 6. AngonlSme (d'), Cfaamps-Slysecs,
B.2. Angoul^e (d"), an ^farai^, F. 3. Angonldine ( place d'), ffinb. dii
Temple, pris le Iwulevard, f . 3. Anion-St.- Honors (d'), C.2. Anjoa (d'), an Marais, F. 3. 1 Anjoa (d'), Daupbtne, D. 4. Anjou (qnai d), F. 4. Anne (Slo.-), St.-Honorf. D.2,3. Anne (Sfce.-), qnai dea Orlvvres,
E.4.+ Antin (d'). D. 2. Anloine (St.-), E. F. 4. Antoino (place St.-). E. F. 4. AntpincCbouleTard St.-), F. 3, 4. Appollne (Ste.-), £. 2. Apport-Paris (place de T), Sl.-De-
nis-an-Cbatelet, E. 3.+ .Arbalette(del').S. S. Arbre-nSec (de r),D. E. 3. Arcade (de 1'), C 2. Arsenal (de 1'), F. 4. 1 Archo-Marion, pr^ le Pont-Nenf,
Arcbe-^P6pin, idem, E. 3. Arcberdcui (qnai de l'),E. 4. Arcbe-St.-Pit*rro( passage), pri« le
Pont-Nenf. E. 8.+ Arcis (dcs), £. 3. Arcaell (Karriere dn, D. 6. Argen&on ( impasse d* ) . Vieille me * du Temple, K. F. 4> + I*
II
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Argenlcuil (d*)* H. 2. 3. Argenteoil (impaMC d'}, C. 2. Ariane (place d^, Ualk au Poiuon,
E. 3. + Arra* (dO, K. 6. Ai toi« ^d'}, D. 2. ArtDid (paMftge d'), prfts rOp6ri),
D. 2.+ Arta ( des ), ondos do la Triaile ,
B a + Asms (d'), C D. 4. 5. A»torg (d'), C. 2. Aubert (pueage^fSt-DenisE. 2. + Aabry~Te-Bouciier, E. 8.
1 AudrieltM (des), B. 4. Aa^astiiu (iinaidea), MaichA k ia
VoUiUe,D:E. 4. Aumaire, K. 3.
2 Anmaire (passage), E. 3. Anmont (impasse d'). rue de la
Morb;llerie,F.4.+ Annay (barriere d'), H. 8. • Aval (d'). F. 4. Avenue de i' Arsenal, F. 4. + Avenne d'Antin, Allte des Vcarc^,
B.2. 3. Avenue du Bel-Air, H. 5. Alrcnae de la Buurdannaye, A. B.
4.5. Avenue do Brctenil, B. 4. 5. Avenue Chauss^e-du-Maine, Vau-
girard, C. 5. Avenue Matiepooo, Etoile-dea-
Chninps-Elys«es,B. 2.4- Avenue St.-MandA, U. 5. Avenuede90rmes,placeduTr6nc,
H. 4. Avenue des Triompbes, id. H. 4. Avenue de Vinccnnes, H. 4* +
3 Avignon (d'). E. 8.' Avoye (Ste.-), E. 3. Avenue Marigni, C. 2. Avenue dcNeoilly, A. B. C. 2. 3.
B.
41 BabiUe, E. 3.
Babillards (impasie des), porte
St.-Denb, E. ft. -f- Bahvlone (de), C. 4. Bac (dii),C. D.3.4. Bagaeux (de),C. 5. BaUlot, Arhre-Scc, £. 3. 4-
4 BaUleul, B. 3.
BaiHif. D. 3.
Baill V, oncioi St.-Martin» 1 BaUeU (des). P. 4.
Banquier (du), E. F. 6. 1 Barlio (Ste.-). £. 2.
Barbells, F. 3.
Barre-dn-Bec, fi. 3«
Barillerie (dela),B«4.
Bamabites (paauge et ca Palais-de^uslioe, B. ^. 4.
Bannilldre (de la), C. &.
Barres (des), qnai de la Griw,]
Barrea^L-Fanl (des), F. i.
Barlhelemy, B. S.
Basfonr-St.-Denia ( «— mrrp l . £ 3.+ ^— 1-~.
Basfroid, G. 4.
Bas ville, coor do Haria j, an ndk^
B.4.+ Baue-Btfte-SL-Danis, E. 2. Basse St.-Pierre, JL Chailkl. A. S. Basse-du-Rempart, C. D. 2. Basse-des-Ursins, Ctt^ B. 4.-f- Bassins (des), on R^acrroin (ei imt
ri^res), A. 2. Bnstllle (place de la), F. 4. Batailles (des). A. 3. Batave (oonr et passage). B. 3. BalUnr-«:t.-Andrt(da). D. K. 4 Biittoir rdu), JardindnBcM,C. &> Bandin (impa^ae), C, 2 loycj
E. 4. + Bayart, A. 4.
Bayard, ville de Fraofois kr, Bi. 3. Beauiionrg. £. 3. Beandoirio (impaase de la),
Bcaubourg, E.3.4- Beaucc (de), F. 8. Benvfort ( passage et Unpassr M
E. 3. I
Beaubarnais (de), 6. 3. |
Beanjolois, Falaia-Royalet passacel
D.3. Bcaniolois, ao Bfarals, F. 3. Boau|alot»,Tnilenes, Dl3. •(- Bcanne (de), D. 3. Beauregard, E. 2. 1 Beauregard (melle), D. E. t Beaurapaire, B. 3. BeautKillu (de). F. 4. Beauvean (jplaoe) , &ahoarg A'
Hoiior6, C. 2. Bcnnvcau (de), faol*. St.-j
G.4.5.
Baudover (place). Saint- Aeleiar,!
a. 3.
1
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Beanreaa (march^), &ub(Nirg St.-
Antoine, G. 4. BeauTillien (jM«sage de), rne Ri-
cheliea, D. 8. -f Bdle-ClMMe (de ), C 3. BeUefbnd (de), £. i. Belart, B. S. BelleTiUe(barri^), O. ^ Benobt (91.-), faob. SL-Genxuin,
D. 4.
Benoiflt (canefoor Jft.-),pris lame
Taranoe, D. 4. + Benoiat (St.-), endoa St.-Marttn,
B.8.+ Benobt (passage et place St.-), St.-
Jacques, E. 4. Benoist (passage St-),place dsl'Ab-
bayo-St. -Germain, D. 4. Benotst (impasse St-), rne des
Arcis, E. 8. -f BercT (de), faniioiira St.-Ant8ine,
F. G. 4. 5. Bercy (de), auBSarais, Maxch^ St.-
Jetti;B.4.+ Bercy (barrMre de), 0. 5. Bergire, B. 2. Bernard (St-), 0.4. Bernard Vimpasse St.-), St-An-
totne, O. 4. Be : nard (St.-), quai et port an Vin,
F. 4, 5* BemardtDS (des), E. 4. Bemardins(passage elcioStre),B. 4. Berry (dc^, F. 3. Bertaod (impasse), me Beanbonrg,
E. 8.4- Bertin-Poir6e, E. 8. BMixy, E. 8. Belhune (qnai), E. F. 4.
1 Beari^re, D. 4.
Bibliotli^ne (de 1»).D.3.
Bicliat, F. 2.
Bienfitisaocc (de la), C. 1.
Bi«vre(drO.E.4. % Bi^^re (de), pont, qnai lllopilal, F* 6.
BtUard (passage du),MaTch6-Nenr, X4.+
BiUetles(des),E. 3.
Billy (qnai de). A. B. 3.
Biragnes ([dace de), F. 4,
Birun (de), D. 6.
Bizet (impa^),C. 1.2.
Blanche, D. 1.
BLanclie (barriere), D. 1.
filaochissenses (drs), A. B. 3. Blanchiisonses (impasse des), A.
Blaiici-Mikteaax( des), E.F. 3. Blancs-Mantoaux (march6 des),
F 3 BU(po'rtan), E.4.+ Hieui; E. 2.
Blomct, k Vaugirard. B. 5. B<vuf ( impasse dn), St-Merri,
E. 3. + Boeut's (impasse des), MonUgne-
Slc.-Genovidre, E. 6. Bois—de— Boulogne ( passage da),
porte St.-Denifl, E. 2. Bon Charles X ( pasnaseda), fan-
bouig du Temple, G. 3. Bon (St-), E. 8. Bon-Puits (dn), E. 4. 5. Bon-Pnits (impasse du), idem,
Bon'dy (do), F. 2.
Bonne-Foi (passage), an Caire,
E. 2 •f Bonne-Nonvelle (boulevard), E. 2. BoDs-Enlans (des), D. 8. Bons-Enfans ( passage des ) , Pa- lais-Royal, D. 3. Boos-Hommes, Passy, A. 3. Borda (da), enclos St-Martin,F. 3. BossBct (de), £. 4. Bossnet (plsoe de), faoh. Poisioii-
oidrc, E. 1. Boucher, E. 3. Boacberat(d0),F.8. Boucherat (carrcronr de)^ F. 3. Bondierie-des-lnvalides (de la),
B.3. Boncheries ^des), fauhonrgSt.-Gcr-
main, D..4. Bottchories-St .Honori (des), D. 3. Bondreau. D. 2. Boulainrilliers ( marchi ), rue du
Bac, D.3.+ Boulaneers fdes), R. S. Bnule-Blancbe (passage dc la), fan-
ltoora8l.-Anloine,F. G.4. + Boule-Bonge (de laj, E. 2. Boulo-Rouge, (passage de la), faub.
Montmartre, E. 2, Boulets(des),M.4. Boukn (dn). D. 3. Boorbo (dela), O.5. 6. Bourbon (dc), C. D. 3. 2 Bourbon (Ic Cli&lean de), D. 4.
ti
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BoarboB-ViIlcneiive(<ie), K. 2. Ifoarhoo (qoat de). E. 4. Bounloa (Jwolevanl). F. 4. BonrdoDiiais (dei)fM, 8. BoardaniMM (impasse des).E. 3. -)- BtfirdonruTe (de U), B. 4. Bo&rp-l'AbM, B. 3. Biirgoe;iie(de),C. 3. 4. BoartibouTK. E. 3.4. Bourguienons (des), E. €. 2 Bonlobne, E. 4. Bonteille ( impMie de la ), roe
MoDtorgi]eil,E.8.4- BouTart (impasso), pUce Cani-
br.i. E. 4. + Bojaotcrie (de la), on de la Batte
Cbaomonl. F. G. 1. Boyaaterie (Inrriere de la). G. 1. Brady (paas^oe), faob. 8L-Denis.
E. F:ir^
Braqiie(de), E. F. 3.
Braaaerie (impatM de la), oour
Sl.-€aillaDme, D.3. + Brave (du), on Fierre-Lcvfe, F.
a 2.
Breda (de),D.l.
Bretagne (de), F. 3.
Breteuil ( de ) , encloa St-Martin ,
Brclenil (place de). B. C. 5. Brettn-Vihien, F.4. Briare fimpaaae), B. 2. Briaemicbe, E. 3. Brodeurs (de*),C.4. B6cherie (de la), E. 4* Bnffaalt,O.E.£ BoBbn (dtf), E. F. 6. BniAaon-St.-LoDu (du), G. 2. Biu»y (dc), D. 4. BuMy (carrcfoarde), D. 4. Battes (dM). H. k. Biitt«-St.-RocIi (carciiMir de la),
D. 2. 3. + Buvette-Cbampctre (radio d« la).
Champe-EIj86es« B. 2.
Cadel, D. K. 2. Cadet (place), E. 24. Cadran (do). E. 2. CararellLaa Temple, oudc la Ro- — ",F. 3.
Calft-de-Foi ( paaiage 4b >, 1
Roral, O. 3. -f Cafe-de-Malte (paaaage dbL
et boalerani ai.-Martm,lr Cali-da-MoDt-Pan
I'ifoofe. pria le
E.3.+ Caire (do),E.2. Calre (pboe et paatafe dn) «
Ca]radn(dela), B.4. Cambrai(plaoe).E.4. Canctles (des), O. 4. CaDiTel(da),prter
1 Caprean. i Vangixard, B. &. Capacins(nieet place dea),D.S
Capodnet (boulevard dea), Di % Caidinale, prAs de TAMMje, I
Carftme-Prenant, F. 2. 8 CargaiaODS (des), B. 4. Cargaiaons (imp.aae dea), idtm
B, 4.+ Cannes (dea). E. 4. Carmec ^arcliedaOf pisce Ha*
bert. B. 4. Carmilities fimpaaae dea), D. B. S Carrousel (do), D.&> Carrousel (place do), D. S. Caron, pria la place Bojal^ F.
32 Carpenlier, D. 4.
Carr6-Samte-GenevttTe (plaoeda^
£.6. Cnnf-de-LwHaUe (plaoa du). E. 1 Carri^res (dea), k Cbailiol, A. 3^ Cassette. D. 4. Ca»8Uii (dc), D. 6. Oafttex, F. 4.
Castigliooe (de), C. D. 2. 3. Catiioriiie-d'Enrcr(Samte-n Di5. Catborine (marchi et plaoede),^-
Afltoine, F. 4. Catherine (impaaae et cowr Ae.-I.
au Caire, B. 2. 3. -|> Caumartin (dr).C 2. Cilcslina (aaai dea), P. 4. Ccndrisr (do), E. F. 6. ^ ,
Cendrier (paaaage «t *
D.2. Censierf E. 5. Cerisaie(dcU),F.4. Chabannat* (de), D. 2.
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llMbrol(il«),B. 1.2. ^iMiUot (de). A. B. 2. 3. Mkabe (dela;.C.4. bbamp-dc-rAloactte, E. 6. Cbamps (doa), A. 3. Cbainps-Kl> ites (des). C. 2. Cbange (pont aQ),E. 8. 4. Cliaiioineaac, E. 4. ChanlereiiM, D. 2. Ofaaniier-de-rEca (passage do),
Cliaiu.ste-d'Antin,C.2. + Cbantier-de-TiToU, D. 1. 2. + Chantre (da), D. 3. ChantxM (des). E. 4. CbaiiTcrrerie (de la), E. 3. ChapcUe (d« U). P. 1. Cbaiielle (conr de U Sainte-), an
FaUis, K. 4. Cbapon, £. F. 3. Chaptal, D. 1. CharJxnuiiAn (dcs), fanbonrg 6t.>
Antoine, G. 5. Charhoaaien (das), fanbouxg St.-
MaroeaD,£.6. 6. Charbonnten (impaaae dcs ), SL-
Cbaren&ra (de), F. 6. H. 4 5. 6. Charenton (barrUro de), H. 6. Chariot-d'Or ( passage du ) , rne
Grenala, E. 3. ■{• Cbarit£(de la), FoiM-St.-Lauimt, F. 2. +. 4 Cbaxles (Pont St.-), E. 4. Charles X (passage da Bod), Taub.
daTemdTofG.S. Cbarles-Diz, E. F. 1. Chariot, F. 3. 6 Chaniierdes-Iimoceiis(paaagedu), rne St.-Dcnis, E. 3. ChannDe(de),6. H. 4. 1 Chanretiire, E. 4. 6. Chartres (de), idaoe da Carroiasel,
D. 3. *
Chartras» harri^ de Courcelles,
B. 2. .
Chartres (barrUre de), B. 1 . Chartreax (passage dm), Sl^Ens-
tache,E.3r+ Chat-Blanc (impasse du), place du
Cb4lelet,E.3.+ Chst-oDi-Ptehe (du), rne de la
Hachette,E.4. + ChAtean-Landon (do), F. 1. Chitelet (place da), K. 3. Cbaochat, 0. 2.
Chandran (da), F. 1. Chaome (do), E. F. 8. Chaosste-d'Antia (de b), D. 2. ChanssieHles-MiauiMS ( de U ),
F.3.4. Chemin-de-LagnT (do>, H. 4. Chemhi-dii-PaDtin (do), F. 1.
1 Chexnin-da-Renpart, C. 2. Chemin-Verl (Aajiv, 6. 8. Cheniin^-la-Voirie(du) , faabourg
Saint-Denis, F.1.+ Cherche>Midi^da), D. 4. CbeYaJicr-do-GiMt (dn), E. 3. Cheralier-^u-Gnet (place et ioi.
passe), E. 3. Cbevanz (marofa^ anz), honlerard
L'HdpiUl. F. 6. Cherert (de), B. 4. Chevel-St.-Landri (do), E. 4. Chcvrense (de), D. 6.
3 Childehert, D. 4. 8 ChUp6ric D. E. 3.
Cboueul, D. 2. Choiseol (passage), D. 2.
2 CholeU (drs). E. 6.
Cboleto (pauage des), idem, E .
Chopinetle (do la), F. G. 2. Chopinette (barnexe de la), G. 2. Chnstiae, D. 4. Christopbe (St.^. E. 4. Cimetidre-St.-Andr6, D. R. 4. Cimett^ve'St.-Beiiaft, S(.-JacquM,
E.4. Cimetidre-St^Nicolas. E. 3. Cinq-DianiaDS (des), E. 8. Cirque (passage do), Sl.>ilonor6,
C. 2. 3. Cirque -Olympiqae (Franconi),
F. 2.
4 Ciseanx (des), D. 4. Cit6 (qaai do U), £. 4. Citb (pent de la), B. 4.
CtU, ou Prado (passage de la), E.
Claiidc (St.-), an Marais, F. 3. + Clande (impasse St.-)» au Marai;^,
CUode' (St-), porta Sl.-Deoia, F.
2 + Clande (irapawe St.-)* BAont-
nurtre,E.3.-)- Clandc, pros le pontdtt Jar4in-du-
Roi, G. 6. 4. Clef(dela),£.6.
Il
d by Google
5 CKment, D. 4. CI6nicnlHtit.-Bfflroe]<dt.>), B. G. + Cler7(ilr),B.2.
ClM-vaox (impasM de), roe 9.~
Martin, K. 3. + Clichj (de), D. 1. Ciichy (barnin dr). D. 1. Clochtf-Percbe, E. F. 4. Cloilre-Notxe-Daoie (dii). E. 4. Cloilref PaMAi^o ot inipasM de la
TreilJe. St-Ckrauia-rAoxerrois, - D. 3.+ Cloitre •> iit-Gerraainp-1'Aaxerrou ,
D. a.t(- 7 Cloitre-^t..Mirri (dn), E. 3. Cknlr»-5t.-Hoiiore (dasMxe), D.
8. + vr- D /
6 Cltiitn: et Place St. Benoil (da).St.-
lacqnefi, £. 4. 1 Cloitre-St.-Mircol, ( pacMgc ct
plaoo), E. 6. Cloitre-St.-iacqiWft>rH6ptUl (da),
E.3. Cbpin (impasse), E. 6. Ck»-G«orgeot (du). 0. 3. Cioa-Paf en (ot passa^dn), prds la
rue de I'Oaraioe. ^. 6. Z ClotUde, E. 5. Clor'u, B. 5.
6 Cluo J (d«}. B. 4, 6.
Clunjr (iMssage de), E. 4, 6. 4-
7 Cocatrix. £. 4.
C Coeui^Volaot (da), faohourK St- Gennaia, D. 4. CfBur-Yolant <da). 4 ChatUot, A. 3. CoUiert (arcade de), D. 2. Coli^iak(placedek), oa9t..Mar.
Colombe (de ia). E. 4. Colombier rdu).0. 4. Colonnes (an). D. 2. Col)'«ce (do), B. 3. Combat (barri6re da). 6.3. Coin6die( pawage de la). SL-lIonori,
D.8.+ Coiii^(dela). B.3.'f
8 Commerce (dn), encloa de la Tri-
nity, E. 8. Commeroe (paiMgeda),St.-Marttnf
F.8. + ComtesM-D'Artoia, Uonlorgnea.
Cond«'(dp).D.4. Craiftreoce, ((luai de h), B. 3. pDof&noce (plooo de h), B. 8.
1 Cont6 ^de). enclos St -HutAh^i ( Jonh 0iv>i ^h rt pUce, OA ?
7 Oonti (impaaae). D. 4. Caatral-JxKial (da). 1^ 3. GonUvaeaipe, DaupAunr. D. i «
16 ConlTMcarpe, k l'K»trap«A-.L2 Cootreacarpe (de la). Si.-/
F.4.5. Copeaa, E. 5. Coq-St-Honorf, D. 3. Coq-^'Jean, E. 3. 4. CM|beron.E.3. CViqaeoard, D. E. 2. CoqocrcU^ ( impaase), Tk^
do Temrile, F. 4, Coi|ailics (J(ra).E. S. 4. Coquiili^rr, D. E. 3. Corderie (de la), an Temple, F. Cbrderie (de la), Marcb^ :!i-ll
nnr^, D. 3 + Caxderie (impaste dc Is), idem,
2- +
8 Cordiers (de«), E. 4, S,
9 CordoDiierte (de Ia>. E. 8. CoriMtlle (de), D. 4, Goran (des).E.e. CosaoPoerie (de la), B. 8. Cotte (de), 0. 4. Goaroeltce (de), P. 2. CoiiTpellea rbanWre de), B. 1. Coaronne (passafre de la), me i
Boardoiuiais.£. 3. -f- Coartaloa, pris la rue ST.-DenH
place Ssinte-Oppartaae, S. 3. CooieUerie (dela), E. 4. Coar^lu-CammeTce ( poasase
la), Kcole-de-Medcciae, D. • Coar-4ies-Deax-Sanin, roc
ChaivDDe, G. 4. -f- ( Coup-da-Dragoa, etp8tsa«;e, T Cour-des-Fonlaines, tdent , D. Conr-de-Franfou fler., idem,
da Ponoeaa, E. 2. -f- Coiir-St.-Gai)laame, Ulem, ro
Riplieliea,D.3.-|- Cooi^o-Harlay, aa Palais
Cour Joseph , roe de Cfaaronoi
Conr-do>U^aircrie, place Str
toine, F. 4. + Coar-de-IjaaMNgiiOB , idem, ^
Conr et pBssage-des-Messa|;n« £iab. PuissoniiUre, D. E. !■ '
d by Google
(s
Ooar-des-MiriicleSt Mem, place de
UBa5Ulle,F.4.+ Cour-das-MirccIc*, |>Uoc do Cairc,
£ 2 Coar-d6»-MiraclM, rae doReuilly,
H.6.+ Cour-dn-Pnita-de-Booie (et pas- sage). F. 8.+ Cour-dn-Retiro, ou des-Cochm,
idem, fauboarg St.-Hooor6, C . 2. Coar-de-Rohan ( patsago at iin-
pasae), tifcrole-do-MMecine, D. 4. Coorroirio (de la), E. 3. + Coan-do-rAneaal (paasages),
P. 4. Courtbflloa (iinpa«e),St.-Gennain-
rAnxemris, D. E. 8. + Coaturea-St-OeTYau (dcs), F. 3. Coortj (de), C. 8. 8 Cr^biDon (de), D.4. Croiaaant (da), £. 3. Croix (de la), F. 8. Croix-Blaaclie (de la) , Marck^ St -
Jeao. E. 4, + Croix (place Sainte-), D. 2. Croix(Saiiite-). D.2. *
49 Croix (Sainte-), pr^ k Palais de
Jostice, E. 4. Crnix-Boasi^re (de la), i Cfaaillot,
A. 3. + Croix-de-la-Bretomierie (Sainle-) ,
E.F.3. Crutx-de>-la-BretonDeTio (passage
Sainle-). E- 8- Croix-des-Pettls-Chainps.D. 3. Croix-Rimge ( carrefoar dt! la ) ,
D.4. Croix-da-Ronlo (de In), A. B. 1. 2. Croix-du'-Tr«hoir(plaOodtiii), rue
del'Arbre-Sec,B. 6. rroallebaTl)e]dc),E. 6. CrottUebarbe (Viarri^re de), E. G. Crusaol (de), P. G. 8. Callure-dainte-Catberine. F. 8, 4. Cuoelte (barriire do U). A. 4. Cot pel (Impaaae), pri» la roe Ca- det, D. E. 2. CygDc (do), E. 3.
Dames-SaiDt-CbaDmont (passage ~ a), 8t.-Deiiia ct du PMicean,
B.2. f
2 DamicUe, E. 2. Dandrolas (impaas^, MonOetard,
Deny (impoase), rue du Rocber,
C. 1. Diupbin (du), D. 3. Danphine, D. 4. 33 Daupiiine (passage), D. 4. Danphine (place), D. E. 4. D6cbargears (des), B. 3. Dearis (des), Bonoe-Nouvelle ,
DetaaiMj (impasse), H. 4. + Doiorme (passage), St.-iloiior^
Demi-Saiut (dn), SatntrGennaiu-
TAuxerrais.D.B.'l- Daois (SI..), B.2,3. IXmis (St.-), fiiuboarg Sl.-Aotoioc,
Denis nxirri^re St.-), F. 1. Drnis (><onleTard St.-), E. 2. Denis (passage St.-), au Cairo, E.
DerTille. pr6s la nie de rOuraine,
B. 6. + Dessaix, A. 4. Dessaix, uuai el Marcbd-aux-
Flcurs, E. 4. Descartes, E. 5. Des^sc, D. 2.
Drsir (passage dn), E. F. 2. 9 Ueax-Anges (dos), D. 4. Deax-Boulcs (de»), £. 3. Deux-Ecus (des), E. 3. Deax>E»lise8 (dcs), D. 5. 9 Deox-Enniles (des), E. 4. Deux-PonU (dcs), E. F.4. Den x-Portes-St.-Sauvcur (des) ,
E. 3. Denx-Por(e8>St.-Jeaii (des), E.
3,4. Denx'Portas fdes), Eoole-de-Me-
decine, E. 4. Doiiiiiiiqiie(St.-), fattb. St.-Oer-
niahi,C. D. 3, 4. Dominiqae (St.-), Gnw-Cailloa,
B. 3. Doouniqne (St-) dVnfer, D. E. 5. 1 Dominique ( impasse ), d'Enfbr ,
D.6. Doree , F. 3. Dunao-Portes (dos), P. 3. Dnyenn^ (et impasse du), D. 3. Dragon (du) , D. 4.
d by Google
pogay-TVwiiD.D. fi.
D«pltot.C.2. Z>a|ileLx.A.B. 4. OapleJx(pIaoe),A.B.4. Dupoot,A. 3.
E.
V -^ /
EcU
Bcbaudi,
D. 4. BcJMaie (de !•), D. 3. gch^I"?"" (impwae de I'). F KchKp,ier(de1TE.2 ^' • ™{e Oroai et place
««»e (qoai et place de l*) Boo^e-de-M««aie (de li'D. B 4
E«l4jMilibire (horrWm de I';,
fooofliw fd«5^, p, 4
£1* +^**^' Pi«« da Chilelel KgliaeCdeJ'},B.8.4. ,
Egout(del'),PI.ce.Royde,F.4.
Enfaii»-Bonge$(de.),F.8.
Enfer?d'),D.5.6. Enfer(iian«redO,D.6.
J. au Marais. F. 3, I ,u«b.8U~GemaiJi,
~ (de V). . raax,F.6L +
Etojie C impasae et paHM
Etoile (de n/idJu \mc^
EWe.(d')3.C,4. Etairw (impaa«» dee »«inliaid»,K.8. J.
Ewtache (passage St.-) K o j. I
llEyl2M(d2n;E.4
^•jSj^Vg-St-Antoin. (da), F. G. ''•^^jJ'B-Sl-Oaiis (dn;, it p. F^aboacg.St>BaiM«i£ (d«), B. C, 2
^^-^-i"^ (i»). a
F«ul»iri^%._Martm, B. F. 1.1 FaalNNirg^aotiiMrtav, D. K. i
FtTMrt,D. 2. Feiihien, D. 4.
Fennne-sans-Tftte (deh). K. 4
Ferdiniuid,'G.2*
d by Google
(»)
Femie-de»-MaiborijJS ( de U ) , |
C. 2. Fenronnerie (de la), E. 3. F6r6o, D. 4. F^roii (iropsMe), D. 4. Fenillade (de h\ D. 3. FenUkantincs (d«e, et iiBpu6e), K.6. 12 Tbres (aox), E. 4. FeydeaD, D. 2.
Feydoan (thaireetpaaaage), D. 2. Fiacro (St.-), K. 2. Fiacre (impaiM 8t-), pr*§ 8!.-
Mifed^ric, K.Z.+ Tiacre,idemj fauboarg da Temple,
pr^ le canal, F. 2. + Fid6lit6(deIa),E.F.2. . Fid6Iit£ (pbK»), pris a.-Lanreiit,
F. 2. Fieaier(do),F. 4. Piftee-dtt-Calvaire (des), F. 3. FiUes-dn-Calrairo (booievacddes),
F. 8. FiIlet-du-Cal7aire (carrefoardes),
K 8. Fillea-bien (des), au Caire, E. 2. Fillca-Dica (impaase des), parte
8t.-Denis, E. 2. + FUlc»-St.-ThoiiU8 (des), D.2. Fleuraft(de),D. 5. Flore (passage de), pr^ TOpira,
D. 2. 4- Fkyrenlin (St.), C. 2. FoiD-Saint-Jaoaoea (do), K. 4. Foin (da), an Burais. F. 4. 1 Foire-St.-Laurent (passage de la), F.2. Folie-M6rkanrt (de la). F. O. 2. 3. Folie-Begnant (de U),G. H. 3. 4. FonUine fiiobourg da Temple,
F. G. 2. Fontaine ( de la) , Jardin-da-Roi,
E.6. AntauMS (des). an Toniple, F. 8. Fontarabie (barriiro de), H. 4. Fontonoy (place de), B. 4. 4 Fores (de), F. 8. Forges Tdes), an Caire, E. 2. + FoFge-Royale (impaase de la), bn-
hoarg SU-Aoloine, 6. 4. 4- F(M«6s-«t.-Benuurd (d(»),£. 4. 5. Foasito-St. -Germain - rAuxerrois
(des),D. E.8. Jfosiis-St. - Gonnain - de« ^ P«65 ,
(d«),D.4. :
Fo80«s-SL-Jaoqaea (dee), E. 5. Fossto-SC-Mareei (dee). E. F. S.6. Fo8S«»-8t. -Martin (des). P. 1. Fosfl^s-Montniaitre (des), D. B. 3. Fassfa-dn-t^niple (des). F. 2,3. Fossds-St^Victor (des), E. S. Fonarre (do), E. 4. FofaT^L-Hanor6(da), E. 8. Four-Satnt-Germainrdn). D. 4. 5 Foor-MoDt^t..Hilaire (dnj, E. 5. Fonrcy-St.-ADtoine (de), F. 4. Fonrcy (de), Estrapade ( place et
marche de), E. 6. Pbnrcy-3L-Antoine(lmpasse), rae
do Jony, P. 4. + ll'Fbtirrenrs (dee), E. 8. Foumeanx (des), C. 6. Fonmeanx (harritoe des), C. B. Fbj (Ste.-), & 2. Foy (passage Ste.-), att Caire, E.
2. + Foy (dn gin^ral. galerie et passage).
Chanss6e-d'AnUn, D. 2. Francais (thMtre), Paiaia-Royal,
D.8.
Franfaise,E. 8.
Francois ler (place, k la rdle de),
B. 8. Franklin (barriire). A. 8. Francs-Bonrgeois (dea), place Sl.-
Michel, D. 4, 5. Francs-Boargeois (des), an BCarais,
F. 3, 4. . -
Francs-Bmirgooia- Saint- Marcel
(de8;.E. 6. Frepiilon, F. 8.
Fr^pUlon (paasage). Mem, F. 3 + Frileuse, k la GrAre, B. 4. + Froidmantcan.D. 3. Fromagerie (de la), A la Hallo,
E. 3. H* Fromentel . E. 4. 14 Frondenrs (dea), D. 8.
Frails (port aax), ou le Mail, E. 4.
Farstemberg, D. 4.
Fnaeaux (d»), Pont-Neaf, £. 3. +
Gaite (thi&tre de la),liouleraid da
Temple, F. 2. GailUn, D. 2. Gaillon (carrefoiir), D. 2. GaUvide,E.4.
rr
Digitized by Google
Garanci^re, D. i.
Garro (barridre de la), G. S,
Gasti (de>, A. 3.
Gaatine (place), r. St.-Doni3, E. 3.
Genevii'Te (Ste.-), & Chailtot. A. 2. *
Genti (psMage), 6. 5.
Geoflroj-L«ngcvin, K. 3.
OsoffipoT^rAsnier, K. 4.
Gaor^ (St.-)^ D. 2.
GAnrd-Boqtie^ F. 4.
Gormain (Marcb6-at.-), D. 4.
Germain-rAuxerrob (SI,-), K. 3. Gennaia«l'AiuonoU ({ilac« i*-),
E. 3. GBnnain-dea-Pr6s (St.-), D. 4. Germain-des-Pris (plnceSt..). D. 4. Goirais (St.-), F. 3 GwraU (paaaago SL-), 4 la Grive, -- _ H. 4. 4*
w Gervau^Laaient, a la Cil4, B. 4. Gfrres (nuai dn), E. 3, 4. Gfodre (iu). D 4.
GlacMre (dc ii), E. 6. 18 Olatienj fde) E. 4. 9 Golielina (dot), K. 6, Gobelins (rnelie des), M/em, E. 6. Gahclina (houlevard de»), E. 6. + Godot-de^Mauroy, C. 2, Gourde* (dos), A. B. 2, 8. ■ Gracieuae, E. 6. Grammont (de), D. 2. Gntmmonl (uont de). F. 4. Grand-Cbantior. P, 3. Orand-Chantior-de-Tiroli ( paa-
sagedo),C. 2. ^^
Grand-Hurleur (do), B. 8, Grand-Prieurd (du), F. 3. ®"|n^^t.-Mwhel (imiusse dd),
Granda-Ai»iiatiin (dc*), D. 4. GMnd-Ceif(paaMigedu), Ponceau
14 Grandsloeerfi (dw), E. 4.
Grando-Pittto (da la), H. 6. Grande-Rue-Verto, B. C. 2. Graode-Truanderie, E. 8. Grange-anx-Bellea, F. 2. Grange-Baleli^re. D. 2. Granao-aux-MoTciers, H. 6. GrarilJien (de$),E. P. 3. CronoUe^.-Honort (dc), D. E. 3.
Grenrile (de), fauhoars St-Gr main, C. D. 3, 4. * «^-«-
GrenaUe. an Gros-CaafooL B.Xf
Grcnc c(I«u-r.^rede),A74.
C>renelle(im|iasacde), Gn»Cai^ B. 8.
Gc«nata,E.8.
Dm, E. 3. 4- Greiiiei^^..l^ai«, B. 8. « GTCTiier-MT-l'Eaa, k 1« QWre
Of**(des).D, R4,6. g«Wli»na(d«),C.2. Orflry, D. 2. Gr«Te(anaideIa3,E 4,
OnM-€heocC (dn), K. a.
C«TO.E-2. +^^ ''*
Go^men^ (tmitMse), P, 4. Go6n^«iad. D. 4. Gi^piiie (impasse), ma do JboT-
Sainr-Anloinc, E. P. 4. + ^ Gairin-BoiaMsan, E. 8. Guillatime, E. 4. Guillauiiie («.-), D. 4, GaiUelmite* (d<« ), Blane^Maa-
leanx,P.3. + -— «-
12 Goiurdo, D. 4.
Gymnaae, on lh6iltrB de Madame
JwtuerardBonne-NbBriakbJS. 2*
Hanorre (d'), D. 2. Hariayrdc).aaPAlau.B. 4. Harlay (de), au MaraU.F. 3. Harpe(dela).D.E.4. 2 Hantefort (impaase), St-Uaixxl £• 6. Haut-MouUn (dn), en la CiMj, E. 4. Raut-^foulin (da),liuib. da tKb- p!e, F. 2, 8. 15 HantoHlea-Draiiis, B. 4. tlauloTeoiUe, O. X. 4. Haoterillfl (d'), E. 2. Basard (da), D. 3. Heannwrie (de la), E. 8. Heannicrie (impaaae do la). R
8. + Holder (dn), D. 2, Uenri^Preiniar (db), ados 8L. Marttn,E.3.+ ^* '™** *'
d by Google
( i5)
Ii«nri-Qtnlre, place dii Pont-Nenf.
D. 3, i. HilAtre (at.-), E.4.5. Hillerin-Berlin, C. 4. HiR>ndelle(don,E.4. Hippolyte(iJt.-;,£.6. Houioie-Ami^ (de l')i E. 8. (.3 HonorM^lMyalier. D. 4. Honori (St.-). C. D. B. 2, 8. HonoFD (iiiaTcfaiSL-jjOaJaodbiiMy
D. 2. HApital (boaleTarddcl'),B. F. 5,6,
Hdpital (qnai de 10, P. 6. 6. UdpiUl (place del*), St-Antoine,
HnapioedelaVIeilleMe, aatrefoiB HdpiUl de la 5Blp6tri«re (phoe
Hdpaal fit.LoDb (de l^}, F. 6. 2. Horioge (pasuge de V), prds I'O-
p*ra, D. 2. + Horliwv (qaat de 1*), D. E. 4. Uoepiliili6res-St-OervaU (marchi
des), Blancs-Man'teanx, F. 8.+ Hmpiiaiidrearimpaaaedm), Place-
Royale, P. 4. +^^ * HAieMc-Ville (place de 1*). E. 4. Hdlel-Breton (pa«Mge), Palais*
Roral, O. 8. + Hdlci-des-Permes ( passage de V ),
mo du Booloi, D. £. 8. Hotel -Taochoax (peasage da 1').
Marobe-Ncuf,E. 17 Hunasaje (dn), D. 2. Huchotte (de 1«), E. 4. »
Hncnes (5L-), encios St.-Martin ,
E. 8: -f. Hjracmthe (St.-), place St~Micbel ,
O. E. 5. Hyaeintbe fpaaMge St^), idem,
Hyacintho (St-), marchd SL-Hty- nort, D. 8. \ S BjaciBlhe, qnai de la Gi^o, E. 4.
I.
h IrUndaU (des), E. 6. lIvryfd')>/6.
1^ (*l'Tttre d'), oo Denx-Mbu- * lin», F. ff.
Innocens (march^ des\ rnc St.-De- nia. ilaHalle,K.3. - lonowns ( passMge dcs), idem, K* 3.
Italians (place des). D. 2. Xtaliens (lioalcvard d«»).D 2. Invalided {idem de«), C. 4, 5. Invalides (pont des), A. 3. Invalidet (place des), B. C. 3.4. Italic (harri^R d'), ou MouHelard , E. 6.
J.
17 Jaci]it}ie,B.4. Jacob, D. 4. Jacques (St.-), E. 4,6. Jacques ^niarchi et place 8L-). me
Jacques (bonlerard SL-), D. E 6 Jacqaea-la-Boocherie (St-),
E. 8. Jacmaes-la-Boocfaerie (marabiiSt..
e( place), B. 3. Jacqnea-la-Boacherie(pas8ageSt.-),
41 Jacque^rBopital, on dea Pileniia est-), roe Bdauoonsoil, E. 3.
Jaidin-da-Roi (da), E. P. 5, 6.
Jardin-da-Roi (pont du), ou d'Aos- teriitz, F. 6.
Jardinet (du), D. 4.
Jardiniers (ruelle des), faob. St.- Antotue, 6. H. 5.
Jardiniers (impasse et rucUo des),
Jardins (de«). P. 4.
Jareate, F. 4.
Jean (Sl^), an Groft-Caillon, B. 3.
Jean (march^ St.-), place Bau-
doyer, E. 4. Joan-Baptiste (St-), C. 2. Jcan-Bnrt, D. 6. Jean-Beaosire ( impaaae et rae ),
Jean-de-Bauce, k la Halle, E. 3. + Jean-de-BeauTais (St.-), E. 4. Jean-Bouton (roello), O. 5. Jean-Gou)oa, ville de Francois Icr,
6 Jean-' Hubert, E. 5. 18 Jean-de-rEpine, E. 4. 1» Jcan-do-Ulran (St.-), E. 4. Jean-de-Latran (passage St.-), E.
Jean-Jacfjues-Ronsseaa, E. 8. Jean-LantiPT, an Font-:«(caf, E. 3. Jean-Pata-Mollet, B. 3.
t'
d by Google
Jean-Robert, E. 3.
Jeaa-TiMm, O. K. 3.
ftrdoie (St-}, place du Cbdtelet,
E.3,4.+ Jerusalem, qoai des OrG^vres, E.
Jirtualem-Notav-Darae ( paasare
et impaMe de), £. 4. 4- Jea-de-Paumc (passage du), boale-
vard dn Temple, F. 3. + JeoBenrs (dee), E: 3. JoailJCTie (de la)^plaGe da Chite-
let,E.8.-|- Joqnelet, D. E. 2. Joseph rSt.-).E. 2. JoKph (marcM St.-), no Mant-
maxtna, B. 2. Joahert, D. 2. 13 Jour (du), E. a
*°E*B y«»i««w>^to.-<3eiieiri^Te, Jnifs (des), F. 4- Jmrerie(dela),E. 4. Joles rst.-), laaboarg SL-Antoino,
G. 4. •}- 20 JDlien-le-Paiivre,B. 4.
Jallienne. prds la mo de I'Onrsine,
K. 6. + Jnssienne (de la), E. 3. Jassieooe (passage do la), E. 3.
R.
K]aer,A.B.4.
Labray^ra, D. 1. I«acaille, D. 6. Lacu^, F. G. 4, 5. Laitcrie (de la), endos de la Tri- nity, B. 3. -(- Lancry, F. 2. 21 Landry fSt-), E. 4.
Landry (ioipasse St.-), pr& la rue,
B. 4.+ I-antcme (de la), Ards, E Lantemc (de la), Cili, E. B(dc),.G.i.
I-antcrne (de la), Ards, E. 3. + Lantei — '^- ' ' "'" •* '
Lard(aiO,''st.'-Hooort, a la I^Ilc aux draps, E. 3. -|-
HaIleauxdrap«,E.8.+ ^S2 ^SVT"^^ nied.0.- Laarenl (St.-), f, 2
LaTal.D. i.
^^<*i*««(de»),8to.-Op|MrtBi Lyandidres (des), pb« IfanloL
I-Mwe (inpuae Si.-), fcobw a-
federcD.e. i
t^ome (paaaage). St^DcoB. R. |
14 Lenoir, Halle aax dnps, E. 3, ' fenar, faubourg SU-AnloiDe. G 4- Lenoir, Foire.St.-Lani«Dl, F. 1+ 1 LepeUetier,D.2. ^ , I.esdisaUres(de),F.4.
22 Le»Telle<;dela),il. Gi4»cE. 4. Ijcoroe (de la), B. 4.
15 Lraiaoe (de la), £. 3. Limoges (de^, F. 3.
16 Lingcne(dela),«ixlimoaMi,E.S. Lions (des). F.4.
14 Lobmeau, D. 4. Lombards (des). E. 3. Loogcbamp (de), A. 8w LonKchamp (l*arnii« de), A. 3. Longponl «e), E. 4. 3 I*ngu«-AlifeCpaaa.godBU),ft«-
oean,£.2. Lap^aeavt>iiie ( impaaae ), F. I.
i«lib.St-JaoqQea»a6. Lora]an(de),G.27 LoQis-le-Grand. D. 2. Loais rst.-), an Maxmis, F. 3, 4. Lonis (impasse SL-), UniwaRda
Temple, F. 2. "
Ixmis (St..), idem, CharleBagn,
Loais (lie St-) idem. JR. p. 4. Loais jmarche SL-), idem, F. 4. Louis Jst.-), Sl.-Honor*, D. 3. i
Loais-Qoinae (pUoc), C. 3. I
Loois-Seiae (pont), C. 3. LoDis(U«SL-),B.F.4. I^»rcinc(dc),E.6,6.
d by Google
(i5)
Lomrcisw (harrUre dej, E. 6. Ixmvitrrs file), P. 4, 5. LtfaTOM (de), D. 3. L.oavgis (Ihd&treL D. 3. I^ooTTtf (qgju du), D. 3. liOOTTe (ptacedu), D. 3. LoDTTB ( pont du ), oo des Arte,
D. 3. l4abecl,A.8. 1 Lolly (de),D.2. Lone (de la), £. 2. Luxembourg (pasMgodn), D. 5. Lyonnais (de»), E. 6.
M.
(6 MaMUon, D. i. 13 IUUmod, E. 4,
Ma^tia8(dos)»E.4. Madame^D. 4, 5. Madrieinc fde la). C. 2. Icioe (J '
Madeleine (hoolevard de la), C. 3. Madeleine ( impasse ct pasaajte de
U;. k la CM, E. 4. -I- Madeleioe (place de la), C. 2. Magdebourg (de), A. 3. Maglotre (St.-), Saint-Denis, E.
Magloire (impaaM St.-), idem, E.
3.+ MaU (dii), D. B. 3, Maine (harri^re da], C. 5. Maison-Neuve, C. 2. Malaqoais (uuai), D. 3. Malte (de), t'aubonrg dn Temple,
F. 3. Malar, ao Gro»-Caatloa, B. 3. Mandar. K. 8.
Mand6 (harri^re St.-), H. 5. Mand« (raelle St.-), U. 6. + Bfantoe (paaaage dn), C. 4, 6. Maraia (des ), fanb. St.-Oennain,
Marais (des), iaub. Saint-Martin,
F. 3. Maraia (place doa), an canal, F. 2. Marala-Roages(impasae des),i<fem,
P. 2. ftlarc (St.-), D. 3.
Marcel (St.-), E. 6.
" (passage). Honors. D. 3. +
Marcband i
Cloitre-^l..
Marche (d« la), P. 3.
Marcli^(da), pxis la hm d'Aguea--
seanjaub. St-Honor«, C. 3. Marcb^Hiux-CbeTauz (du), F. 6. BL-irche-aux-Chevaux. (impasse
du), idem, E. F. 6. + 17 Marcb^nx-Poiries (du), B. 3. March^Near(do),B.4. March^-Pala (dn), £. 4. MBrch6-St..Honor6(du), D. 2, 8. Marcb^-aux-Veaux, £. 4. Marcb«-Sl -Martin (du),enclosSt.-
Biartin, F. 3. + Maroon (SL-), eocloa St.-Marlin,
E.3.+ Marguerite (Ste.-). fanb. St-Oer-
main, ct place, D. 4. Margnerite (Sle.-), fanbonrg Saint-
Antoine ct place, 6. 4. Marguerite (marche Saints ), fauli.
Saint-Germain, D. 4. Mario (pont), F. 4. Marie (Sle.-), Sainl-Oermain, D. 3. Marie (Ste.-), k CbaiUot, A. 3. Marie (Ste -), IjarriAre de. A. 3. Marie (passaee Ste.-), (knb. Saint- Germain, C. 4. Marie-Stuart, E. 3. Marine (impasse et passage S|e.-)
Citi, E. 4.+ MariTauz(de), Italiens, D. 2. 38 Marivaux (de), Lombards, E- 8. Marmouzcts (des), en la Cit6,
E. 4. 8 Marmooxets (dfls), avx Gobelins*
Marlei, E. 2. IC Marthe (Ste.-), D. 4.
Martial ( impasse St.-), Cit6, pr^s lo Palab, E. 4. +
Blartin (St.-). E. 2. 3.
Martin (Iwoievard »t-), E. 2.
Martin (impasse St.-), enclos,K.3. +
Martin (marchi Sl.->, K. 3. 24 Martrois (du), E. 4.
Martyre (des), D. 1.
Martyrs (barriire des), D. E. 1.
Masseran (de), C. 4. 5. 3SMassi]lon,E. 4.
Mathurins (des). E. 4.
Matignon (de), B. 2.
Blalignon (impasse du). Carrousel, D. 3.+
Manbort (place), £. 4.
Manbuee, E. 8.
MauGODflcil, £. 3.
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M-inormaen (imptMe) . St.
Maur (St-), fauboai^ da Temple,
F. G. 2. 8. 4. Blaur (St.-), faub. Saint-GerniBin,
C. 4. Maor («.-}, endos St.-Martm» E.
3.+ Maura (dn), B. 3. + ManTaia-Gar^oiu (des), fkohourg
Saint-Germain, O. 4. Maarais-Garp>ns (des), Harcbfi-
Saint-Jean, K. 4. Maarsiaea-Paroles (des), E. 8. Bfaurtne. D. 4. BAasaa (plaoe), F. 6. 8 Maxare (de la), F. 4. 3. Uftcuiiqaes (dos), encloa de la Tri- nity, k 3.+ Mdchin, D. 6. M^isaerie (qoai de la), oa de la
F«raiUe.E.3. Mtears, D. 2. Menarien (dea). E. 8. MinilmoDtanI (de), P. 6. t. b MtetlmonUnl (barri^re do)yiJ. 2. 18 Mercier, D. E. 3.
Meslay, E. F. 3. iV
Measageries (de«), E. 2.
MHien (dej), eodoa de la Trinile,
E. 3.+
17 Mezi^res, a 4. Micbaadwire (de la), D. 2. Michel (St.-), C. 2.
Michel (pont fit.-), pUoe et mar- ch*, ^4,
Michel(qaaiSt.-), B. 4.
Michel (place St.-), d'Enfer, D. 4. 5*
Michel-le-Comte, £. 8.
18 MiKHon, D. 4 Miriea-des-Unins, rit6, E. 4. + Minimes (des), F. 4. Miromesnil, C. 2. MoiDeaoz (des), O. 3. 8. Moineanx (paa* des), i^K.
D.3. + Mtiaj(de),F.8. Malifrtt,D.4. Moliere(pasaajRe),S.3. Mono>au-^.-Gerrai« (dn), Ei 4. A2 Mond*loQr,£.8. Mondovi (de), C. 2. Monnaie (idc la), E. 3. iar(de),C. 4,
Monaiem^-lo-Prinoe, D. 4. Montaigne (dc),B. 9. Mantagne-i>te.-GencTiive (ii\A,
Mont-de-PiM* (psussce), lli»
Manleanx, F. 8. + Montcsqttiea. D. 3. Mootesquiea (puaagc), 1X3. 19 Montfaucon, tf. 4.
Bfontgallet, G. H. S. 6 BAoatioUier, cockM SL-Mnfii,
MontlMlaD, E. 3. MoDtholoD (place>, JS. 2. MontmarCze, D. K. 2. 3. MoBtraarlre (bftrri^re), D.I, MoDtmartre (boalevard;, D. 2. MoDtmoreooy, E. P. 8> Montorgneil, E. 8. Mont-Panuaae (dn), CD. 6. Mool-Parnaase (buri^re dn), CL Mont-Punttae (th^itre), idem,
C. 6.
Maat-Pamaaae (btakvud do), C.
D. 5.
M6nt-P)inus8e ( impuw), idem,
C.5. + Montpensier, D. 3. Mootreuil (de), 6. H. 4. Montreua (barri^re de), H. 4. Mottt-Thabor (dn), C. D. 2. & 4 Mont-Tbabor (impuae iln), &
D. 8. Morbiz (impasse), F. 1. 2. Morean , 6. 4. Morland (cfoai), F. 4. Mortagne (mipssae), raeClmraaM^
MorteUerie (de la), B. F. 4.
Morb (des), F. 1. 2.
MoDcean, B. 2.
Mooceaa (harrierede),C. 1.
MooSetard, E. 6. &
Moaltns (des), Botte-SL-Bocb. D.
2. 8. «• Monllns {<X^), fanb. SL-Aaleve,
H. 6. ' Moali*n^e>/ (raelle ^}, find^ dn
Temple,' harri^ des Oodxmk
nes,G.2.4. Moius7(de),S.8.4. 26 Moalon (dn), E. 4. Mnetto (deU),H.4. Mulets (des), marchi SI.-HoDai<^ NettTO-StRocb, D.^.-l-
dbyGeOgle
( '7)
Miu^om (piace du), D. 3.
N.
Hazareth, quai des OrMvres, E.
Necker, Plao»-Royale, F, 4. •(• N«if(Marche-), pant St*Micliel,
£. 4. Nenillj (htni^re de), oa Chaillot,
fi N«:uTe-Ste.>AnaAtase, F. 4. NeuTe-St-Aagmtin, D. 2. Neare-d'ArtoiA, D. 2. NMiYe-de-Bellecliasse, C. 3. 4. N«ttTe-do- Berry, B, 2. I NeoTe-des-Boiu-Earaos, D. 3. Metive-dn-BreUgne, F. 3. jlyuTe-des-Capucines, D. 2. Is ^ire-Sunte-Catfaerine, P. 4. NcIve-da-la-Ceriaaje , Arsenal,
F.4.+ Nenve-dua-Petirc-Cbanips.D. 2. 3. NeaT»-da-Colonxb{or , Marche-^
Sainted-Catherine, F. 4.-f Nenre-Coqnenard, E. 1. 2. 'i Neore-Str.-Croix,D.2. NenTe-St.-Dcnis, E. 2. Nenve-8 t-Ettenne, Jardin-daRoi,
B.6. 4 Neavfr^t-Elienne , Bonne-Noo-
▼oUc, E. 2. Neare-St-Bastacbe, E. 2. 3. Neave-St . -Fmn^b, F. 3. Nenve-Ste-qenevi^vc, E. 6. Nenro-Jit.-Georges, D, 1. Nenye-6t.-Gtlies, F. 3. 'a,0 Neave-St-GaiUemaiD, D. 4. NeaT«St*Jean, E. F. 2. Nenre-St.-Lanrrat, F. 2. 3. Nenve-de-Luxeml •urg, C. 2. Ncare-5t.-Marc, r 2. Nenve-Sl.. Martin, J. F. 2. NeoTe-dn-iVslhu ina, C. D. 2. Neure-St.-MMard, E. 5. NeaTe-6t..Mern, E. 3. Ncove-dfi-Minilmonlant, F. 8. Ncare - de - Montmorency , k la
Bourne, D. 2. + ^
NonTe-»St.-Nicola«, F. 2. Nenre-Notre-Dame, ^. 4, Neuire-de-roraloiio, Champa-
Ncure-d'Orlians, E. 2.
Neare-^.-Paal,l.4.
Neare-dei^Pelila-P(irct, D. 3.
NcruTe-St. -Pierre, F. 3.
NeuTc-Plnmet, C. 4.
Neuve-des-Potr^cs, place Sor- bonne, E. 4. -f- 27 Nonve-de-RtcheUen, E. 4. *
Ncuye-^t.~Bocb, D. 2. 8.
Neave-St-Saavenr, S. 2. 21 Neare-de-Seine, Cauliourg Saint- Germain, D. 4.
Neave-Vantadoor, D. 2.
NeOTe-Virienne, D. 2.
Never* (de), D. 4.
Never* (impaMedt), Mem, D. 4.+
Nicaiflc (Sauit-), D. 3.
Nioolaa (8t.-)i <aah. St-Anloiao, G.4.
Nicolas (St.-), Chanaado-d'Aalin,
C. D. 2. Nicdaa-do-Cfaardoonet (St.-), E.
4. 5. Xtcolaa (place St-), mo SL-Alar-
tin, E. 8. X icolaa (injpaMe St-),encIos St-
Martin, E. 8. + Nioolaa (port St.-), an Lonrre,
D. 3. Niadet, B. 3.
Noir ( paMage ), Palaia-Rojal, D.
3. + Nonaindliref (des), F. i.] Normandie (de), F. 8. 6 NotTe.Damo-die-Bonno>NooTeUe,
E. 2. Notrc-Danie-de-GrfifX), dummtt-
d'Antin, C. 2. Notrc-Dame-dc-Nasarctfa, F. 2. 6 NotTo-Dame-de-Reooavranoe, E. 2. Notre-D.-ime-dea>ChRnipe, C. D. 5. NnIre-Dafne-dea-Victoin»,D. 2. 3. Ni'tra-Dame ^pont), E. 4. No7er8(df. /£. 4.
19 01)lin,E.8.
Ohservance (de T), D. 4.
Odton (de 1'), D. 4.
Odfon(placedel'),D.4.
Od^oo (carrefbnrde I*), p. 4.
Odion (Iti6atre), p. 4. 90 Ogniaid, K. 3.
d by Google
Oiwmx (d09), ptM Je Trample, F,
2 0ttTet(d'),C.4.
Ollivier-Saiot-Lasare, D. 2. 7 OrMi«jrie(der;,E. 5. 6 OrakMre rde 1'}, SL-Honor*, D. 3.
Oratoirs (place de 1'), aa Loarre, D. S.
Orftiow (det),prAs le Pont-Nouf, K. 3. -t*
Orftrrea (quai des), D. E. 4.
Orleans-bt.-Hooor^, D. E. 3.
Orl^iu (d'), an Maraia, F. 3.
5>rliaiis (d*), JardiD^-Boi, JS- 6.
OrWana(quaid'),E.4.
Onaeanx (des), H. 4.
Ormes (qoai de»), E. F. 4.
Onneaaoo (d*), P. 4.
^^y* 3"** ®' Pt'rt «»» pierrea,
iteint-Leu, A. B. C. D. 8. 4. Opira, r. Lepelletier, D. 3. Opportune r place Sainte-}, E. 8. OmK>rtane(impa88oSto.>), idem,
Orties (dca), St..Rocb, D. 3. OmHIIo (de !•), au Maraia. Vimlle
rue dn Tenple, F. 3. 4< Oaest(der),D.6. Chieat (paatage de T), D. 5. Oora (aux), E. 8.
P.
Pase^D, E. 8. Paillaaaons (des), B. 5. Paillasaoiia (barri6re dea), B. 6. Paix (de ]a),D. 2. Palaia-Booriion (place da), <m dn
Corpa-I^gi&latif, C. 3. Palaifi-de-Ju^ticc (place du), £. 4. PabiaRoT.il (jilaoe do), D. 3. Palaia-dc-l'Inslilut (place du), on
dea Quatre-Nationa, D. 3. 4. Palaia (Up dn), on Cit^ B. 3. 32 Palatine, D. 4.
Palu fMarcM), pr^s le Petit-Pont,
Paiiier-Fleuri(pasMgeda), impuse
dea Boordonnaia, £. 3. 4> Panorama (poaaage da), D. 3. Pantin (barridre de), G. 1. Pantheon (dn), proj«tt6e, D. E.
Pantheon (place du), S. 6. j
(i8)
23FIOD (da), ^mift drTHfiaa.
Paon (dn), St-Victor, E. 4. V
^T'r^ ^*'^' "^^ *■' Patai (unpksaedn, (KcolfrdM<»
ane, D.4.<f P»pillon, B. 2.
Paradis (de),&aKSI.OBD»,Lt Paradu (de), an Mtnu, F, t Parcheminerie (do la), B. 4. Parc-Boral (du), F. i. Patriarchea ( Impasse A wasaei
des), Saint-MoreeJ, K b1+^
E. 4. ^ «
Pascal. prAs la ni« d • • ^ •
£.6. •{• Pas-de-U-ftfnle (dn), K. 4, PaMy(barrttrcato), A S PaslonreUe, F. 3. Patriarchea {xnanhA d. >
Mouflctard, E. 5. Paul (Sl^), P. 4. Panl(quaietporlSl.-'; Parie-S(.-AJMM,D.E 4. Pavie-5I.-Sanrear, K. PaVte, an Maraia, F. 4 Paxcnt (St^), codas
E- F. 3. + Pa^enne, P. 8. 4. Bemtres (unpaaae dfs), Sr.-Otoii,
prea Mancooaeil, E. J. 4- Pcloe (mcUe), F. G. 3. 7 Pelican (dn), D. 8. PeHetrrie (de U), MaxcU-wix-
Fleurs, £. 4. Pelletier (onai), B. 4. Fipini^rr (de la), B. C. 2. Peqnay (inipaase), E. S.
29 Pero6e-8ainrAn«lk E. 4. 6 Pero6e-St.-Anloine, F. 4.
Perofre. on Penrfa, raarcb£ du Tea* ple,F.3.+ PercUe (dn), F. 3. Perdne, B. 4. PAtcs (dea Sis.-). D- 8. 4. P^s (port dea Sta.-), 0. 3. 6 Pirijncux (de), F. 8. Perignon (de), B. 5. Porie (de la), F. 8.
30 Pemelie, E. 4.
3! Perpignan (de), en k Cile, E. 4 21 Perritt-Gaaaetin, E. 8. 8 Perron' (paaaage do), D. 3.
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( '9)
a((hi),D. 4. a (du), E. 2, (du), Sl.-W
Pet-an-DiabI« (du), pr&s U pUoo de
Gr^c,E.4.-f P6treUe,B. 1.
Petit-St.-Anti>uio (passage dn), F. 4. l Pel^Boorbcm (dn^ Petit-Carrean PetU-Champ (du), St.-Maroel;
?• 6> I^UN-Crndftx (dn), place da ChA-
telet, E. 8. H" Pelit-Gentilly (du), £. 6. Petits-Botek (de^), E. 1. 2. Petit-Uurlear (da), E. 3. Petit-H6tel-Charot (impasse), roe
de la Jaasienne, £. 3. •{- Petit-Lion (da), St-^urear. B. 3. Petit'Lian (da),St.-Solpice, D. 4. Pelit-Moinc (du), E. 6. PeUl-Mufic (du), F. 4. • A.-tiU-PAl-es (place des), D. 3. ' ictUtA-Peres (passage des), D. 3. l,n -Pont (du), E.I. P« Pont (pont), E. 4. P» ^Reposoir (du), D. E. 3. Petit-Thoaars, F. 8. Petil-Vaugirard (du), C. 5. Polite rne des Acacias, C. 4. 5. Petite rue da Bac, C. 4. Petite rue da Banquier, E. 6. Petite-Bastille (impasse de la),St.- GerroaiA-l'AuxoriDia et Arbre- Sec, E. 3. + Petit»-Boiicherie (passage de la) ,
St.-Gennain-des-Pr6s, D. 4. -|-
Petite-Cbaise (passage de la), rue
de la Planche-Mibray, B. 3. +
i Petite me de CbeTert, B. 4.
Petite rue de la Croix, niardi6 St-
Martin, F. 2. 3. Petile-Friperie (de la), a la HoUe,
E. 3. Petite me Neaye-St.-Gilles, F. 3. Petite me do Mariraax, Arcis,
E. 3. + Petite me Sl.-Pierre, booleTard
St.-Antoine, F.4. Petite mede Reuilly, G. M. 6. '23 Petite rue Taranne, D. 4. iZ Petite rue de la Truanderie, E. 3. 1 Pelite roe Vorle, B. 2. Petit&-Voierie (dc la), faahourg da RouJo, C. 2.-I- 10 Petite rne de la Vrilli*rc, D. 3. Petit»-Augastiiis (deo), D. 3. 4.
Pelits^baupa ( des ), St«-Marlin ,
E. 3. Pelitcs-Ecnries (des), E. 2. Petites-Ecuries (passage des), £. 2. Pb61ipeaux, F. 3. 7 Philippe (St.-)} Bonne 'NoareUe ,
E. 2.
Philippe (St.-), enclos St-Martin,
£. 3. + Picpus (de),H. 4.6. Picpus (l>arri^re de), H. 5. Pied-de^Boeaf (du), au Cbitelet,
£. 3. + Pierre (St.-) , boulevard da Temple,
F. 3. *^ Pierre (St-), rue Montmartre, D.
E. 2. Pierre (impasse St.-), idem, E. 2. 60 Flcrre-dcs-Arcis rsi.-), MaixUfc-
aux-Fleurs, E. 4. Pierre (passage St.-), F. 4. 4 Pierre- Assise, prte des Gobelins,
£. 6. Pierre (impasse St.-), au Marais,
pr^ les Miniraes, F. 3. Pierre-aux-Boeufs, K. 4. Picrre-aa-Lard (St.-), E. 8. Pierr»-Lescot, D. 3. Pierre- Lorabarl, £. 6. Pierre - jk - Poissons, au Cbalclcty.
£.3. + Pierre-Sarrazin, D. E. 4. Pigale, D. 1. Pinon, D. 2.
Pirooelte, & la Halle, E. 3. 4- Place-aux-Vennx (de l.i), Plauche-
Mibrav, £. 3. 4. -f Placide (Sle.-), C 4. Planche (de (a), C. 4.
32 Planche-Mibray (do la),E. 3. 4. Planchctte (de la), F. 4. PLinclielie (ruelle de la), H. 6. Plancbelte (impasse do la), rue et
porte SL-Martin, E. 2. + Plat-d'Etnin (du), Ste-OpporLuiii ,
Pl&tire (da), St.-Jacqnc8, E. i. Platio (du), Slc.-Avoye, E. i^ Plamet, B. C. 4. Plumet (impasse), identy C. 4. -f
33 Plumcts fdes), E. 4.
Poirfes (des), Sorbonne, E. 4- 4* Poirdes (marche aux), 4 la H.ilkcv
£. 3. Poiricr (du), E. 3.
dbyGqpgle
\ ao J
' Poisaant (nurcU aax), carr^ de la
Haiie, B. 8. FoUsonnMre, B- 3. PoisMnniire (barrWrc), E. 1. PoMsoaDii^ (hoolcvard). K. 2. Fnsaaaneric (impMse dc la), raarw
ch^ Sle.-Catberijic, Aatoioe, P.
4.+ Foissj (de). E. 4. 5.
33 Pbitevins (des), D. £. 4. Pntiera (de), laab. SL-Gennain
C. 3. Poilien (dc), fiiaboorg da Roiile
B. 3. Poitou, F. 8. Poliveao (de), F. 5. Pooipc (de la), B. 3. Pompe a Fea ( paasage de la ),
Pompe (impaste delt), porteSt- Martin, F. 2. +
Ponceau (du), £. 2. 9 Ponoeaa (pnsMge), E. 2.
PoDt-aux-Bk:he8-St.-Man»l, G. 5. 3 PoDt-anx-Biches, aa Maraia, F. 2.
Pont-aox-Cfaonx (da),F. 8.
Pont-de-Lodi (do), D. 4.
34 Pont-Neaf (paaaage da), Mau-
rine,D.4.'f Poot-Neaf (poat et place dn), D.
E. 3. 4. Pont de la Triperie, an 6ro»-Cail-
lon, A. B. 3> PODt-an-Doable, E. 4. Ponl-Boyal (pont), D. 3. Poathien (de), B. 2. Pontoiae (de). B. 4. Bipuioourt (de), G. 3. Port-Mahon (do), D. 2. FOrtefoin, F. 8. lV>rle-iSt.-Denia (marcli^ da la),
E. 2.
Porte-St.4Iooorft ( march^ do la),
hoalevard de la Madeleine, C. 2.
Porte-St.-Martin (marcM da b),
F. 2.
Porte-St.-Martin (Uiefltre de la),
F. 2. Pustea (des). E. 6. Pot-de-Fbr (da), St.-£iilpice,
D. 4.
?ol-de-Fcr (du), St.-Marod, B. 6. bterio (de la), Arria, £. 8. Polerio (dc la), fiaUo-aox-Drapa, 38. ?.
23 Pbtien-d'EtBin (des) , Hn de la Elalie, E. S.
Pioalea (des). E. 5.
PoQliea (des), D. 3.
Poaltkr,F.4. 84 Poup^, E. 4.
35 Pottrtooi (dn), B. 4. Pr«cbeun (dea), R. S. Pi«tn9»-St.-Paal (daa), F. 4.
36 TMtn^.-Sorwin (daa), pna I*^
|li»e,B.4. '^■^
Pittiea - SL-Gennain - V
(da.), D. 8. 8 Pr^trea^SL-EtkaDOKlB-M
E. 5. Prttiw-at^Nioolaa-des ■ ,
(inipasae dea), prds I'Z^lue, B.
27 PtinoBiae,D.4. ProrMice(de),D.2. Proveooeaax (lopasae des), dImb de rEcoie.> ^
PniUTairea (dea), B. 8. Ftoarairea (paaaage dea), 4 b
UaUe, E.S.+ PnwTainsa (aMrch6 oa Halle drc),
Poinle-a.-Snstache, E. 3. -f- Pnita (du)i E. F. 8. Ptrita-qni'Parle (do), E. S. Paits-de-rBrmite (du). E. 5 Pnits-de-rBrmite ( fdaoa da ),
E. 6 + Puita-de-Bnuie (impatte et pM-
aago du), F. 8. + , Pntienenx (impasae), a u Gic«e,
E.4.+
0.
Qoatre-Cbemina (rtwlledea), H.S. Qnatr»-Fih (dea), F. 8. + Qnatre-VenU (dr*), D. 4. Qnatre-Venta ( inipaaae dea), r.
Neu ve - de -5etn»-SL - Genaain,
D.4. Qoatre-VeDU (puaaga dea), rva
idem, n« 6, D. 4. 24 Qnenmillea (des), pn^ le Pent*
Ncuf.E. 8. QuincampoU, B. 3* Quiose-Vingta (des), C^nroinel,
D. 3.+ Qninze-VtiigU (paaaaeedBs) , St.-
3.+
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(ai )
R.
Pal«i»-
Racine, D. 4. RadxitiUe (passaged*),
Bojal,D.3 + KaiiSoniUel(dO,G. 6.
Ramcan (<*«)» P-jAr- .l-'k G 2.
BAp*e .-.^
Rats (de»), P—r ■— -- „ « Rats (de^VPo^^fS^-o"- ^• RaU (barrttre dc«), H. 6.
37 Regnault-Lcfe^je. B. 4.
Rdnc-de-Hongne (passage deta), MoiHorguciI,K,3.+ 11 Rcnipart|^du),p.3.
Benard-Sl.-Denia (dn). E. 3. Renard-St.-Mem (*")' I^,^;. .. RiacrToin (impaaae do*), a iuau
Rii^iw (barriirc dea), ou dca I
Baatina, A.2. Reuaiy(de),G.H.4 5 Reuilly (barneredc), H. 5. • 1 BenUlT (impasse do), G. 5. . bS (carVefour),Sainl-Aiilo«ic,
R^ton (passage dc U), St.-R4:ir-
BeTOrii (iat on TrouMo-Vache,
Rheims (de), E. 5.
HicheUen(de),D.2.3.
Richepanse, C. 2.
Richer, E. 2.
Riroli (de), C. D. 2. 3.
Rivoli iplace), D. 3.
Rpch (SL-), B. 2. , ,„ ,.
SSch (paaskge St^), prcs I'eglise,
D.3. Rocbech0naTd,E.l.,2. . . _. .
Rochcchonard (barriire d*),*" »
Rficbet<nicanlt(deU),D. 1.
Rocber (do), C. i- 2.
Rohan (de), 8l.-Hoiior6, D. 3.
Romn-prcod-Gage(.nipasse), Sle.-
Ouportnne, B. »• + Romain(St-),C.4. 5.
Roquepine, C. 2. Roquclle(dela),G,H.8.4.
Bonuette (impasse dc U), H- -»•
Boiiers(de»),F.3.4.
Botoflde (de U), «m CafareUi, cnclos
du Temple, F. 3. Botondo (placede ta), »</«w, F. 3. Boule(da),E.3. Boale (harrw^te du), A. 1 . Roosselek, fanbonrg Sl.-Gcrmain,
Boasselet, fauh. St.-HonoT*, B. ^ Boyalc (place) Loni*-Q«inif, C. 2. Boyale,Sl.-Antoine.F.4. 26 Rnyale, enclos SI .-Martin, E. 3. Bueile de In roc ProiclAc, au Gros- CaiUou, B. a. 4.
Sabin (SI.-), F. G. 4. Sabiti(rncllo8t.-),G.4. Sabin (impnssc SI-), 6. 4. <29 Sahot (du). D. 4. Sainlonge (de), F. 3. Salio-au-Comtc, E. 3. SaUembri^rc (impasse), Sl.-Scvcrm,
E. 4. + Somaon, F. 2. Sante(dela),D.E.6. Sanl6 (barriiTC dc la), D. C 27 Sartine (de), E. 3.
SaumoD (passage du), E. .*. Saunier (passage). E. 2. Saussaye* (des), C. 2. „ _ „ Sauvear (Sl--)i Manconficil, E. o. Savounerie (de la), E. 3. 6avoye(de),p.E.4 Scipkm (et place de). E. 6. 86l!astienJSt.-),F.G.3. S6b«sticn (impasse M.-). F. G. J. Seine (de), fcuboarg 51 -Gcrmniu.
D 8 4. Seine (dej,St-Victor. E.F. 5. Sentier (dti), E, 2. SepUVoyes (des), E. 5. SerpcntB, E. 4. Scnrandoni, D. 4.
SewriD (St..), E. 4. Sc^TTe»(do},B.C.D.4.
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Sevres (barricre de), B. S. Siwn$ (aarch^ de la rue de), C. 4. 38 Simoo-Finet, pies Ja Gtive, E. -1. Simoo'le-Frafic, E. 3. Singes (des;, £ K. 3. Scran (tmiMiMe des), St.-Mareel, B. 6. + ^ 3 Soki'M'Ur (pa4sa6edu),prt8 Ri- ▼oli, C. 2. Solv, pn^i la grande Poste anx let- bT», E. 3. 4* 28 SooDcrie (de la), E. 3. Sorboonc (de), E. 4. Sorlionne (place de la), E. 4< Soabbe (|:a$9ago), hotel deSottbiae,
F.8. + SottBol, K. 5. Sourdis (impau^), Snint/Senncin-
I'Auxerrois. D. 8. + Sourdis ( rnelle de ), an Marau , F 3 13 Sonrdiire (de la), St-Roch, D. 3. 8 Spire (St.-), au Caire, B. 2. 6 Sally (de). al'Anenal, F. 4. Snlpice(plaoeSt.-), D.4. imrine (de), C. 2.
29 Tableterie (de la), E. 3.
Tacherie (de la), E. 8. 4.
Taittp-Paio. St.-Merri, E. 3. +
Tainjoot, D. 2.
Tanner .e (de la), E. 8. 4. '
Taranne, D. 4. 40 Teintoriers (dea), E. 4.
Temple (da). B F. 2. 3.
Temple (liouleyard du), F. 2. 3.
Temple ( marcb6 da ) , prda du Temple, F. 8.
Temple ( endos du ), inarcb6 aa lingo, F. 8.
Terres-Fortes (df»), F. G. 4.
Th6r««e. D. 2. 3.
TMrcnol, B. 3.
Thibantode, E. 3.
Thiroux, D. 2. 3 Thomas-d'Aqain (St.-), et pbce, CD. 4.
Thomat-d'Enfer (SI.-), D.B.6.
Thomaa-dn-LonTre (St.-), D. 3.
Tkorigny (de), F. 8.
Tuile* (port aax), qnai de la Tour- nellc, B. 4.
T^^pietanne, E. 3. Tirrchape. E. 3. Tiion, F. 4.
Tixeranderie (de la) . K. 4. TDDDellerie (de la), & 3. Tour fdcla),F.2.S. Taor-d'Auver^^ (de la).at Toac^des-Dainea (de la), D. 1. Toaraine (de), Kcofe-de-MMcd
D.4. IVKmiDC (de), aa Marais, P. 2
41 Tramelle (de la), £. 4. Toamelle (pent de la), I. 4. Toameile (qau de la), JR. 4. ToDTDdles (dea), F. 4.
42 TDaniiqa0t-<it.-JeBn (da), X. 4 Toomoa (de), D. 4.
30 TkioUin, marchft Saittt-Genr
D. 4. Tracy (de), E. 2.
30 Trainee, St.-EoAteche, £. 3. Traosnonain. E. 8. Trarcrae (de), C. 4. 5. Trarersi^re-8t.-Honar^, D. 3. Tra>'er3i^, bub. St.-AalauK
G. 4. 5. Traversine, £. 4. 5. TrcUle (pnsaaee de h), mairb^ &
Germain, D. 4. -f- i
Trtnitc (paasage et enclos de I <
E 8. 9 Tripperet, B. S. Trognon, place da Chfttrlet,
Tkois^Bomea (dea), F. G. 2, 8.
43 Trois-CaDeltea (des), Cil«, E. 4. Troia-Cbandelles (melledea),B. Trois-Chandeliers (de>), ooat St.
Michel, B. 4. + Tnns-Canrannes ( d«t), findNmr: du Temple, 6. 2. ^
6 Trois-CoanMiiies (dea), St.-Maxc«i.
E. 6.
Trois-CoonmiMS (huriere des). ' G. 2.
TroivPrires fde»), O. 2. Troi»-Pr^ies (im|taciedes), G. T . Traia-Maria (ulaoe def), an Pont- . 1| Nuaf , E. 3. .i'
6 Troia-Manraa (des), Lanibaids,'i
B. 3. :{
44 Trois-Manres ( des ), qnai do U'A
Grtre, E. 4. ?
Troi»-PaTillans (des). F. 3.
7 Trois-Pbtolet9 (^ ^ " '
(d«). F. 3. -i
:i«),F.4. I
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T^5-«obn»(r eitede*) H 6 *Voia-Visag«» .unpasac des), Thi-
faoUodi, B. 3. Traichet.C.3. ^ j > _
Tr6ne ( barrWro el place dn ), ou
de Vui06iines> H. 4> Troq»«e-Vachc, ou laReynie,B. 3. Tronvte, G. 4. ' Tmdon, D. 2.
Tnerie (do la), place du CliiUlet,
Tuiieriea (qnai dei), C. D. 8.
u.
f
\ Ulm, S. 5.
UniTcrsile, fanbourg St.-Gemuin,
C. D.3.4. UniveT6'tk6, au GnM-Cailloa , A.
B. 3. Ursalines (de»),E. 5.
y.- -^.
Val-de^iice (du), D. 5. ' Vallee (de la), do Fecamp, H. 6.
ValoU (dc), Palais-Roval, D. 3.
Vak)i6 ( parage de), idem, D. 3. + 12 Valiiis (de). aux Taileries, D. 3.
VaUus, I'aub. da Roolc, B. C. 2. - Vannerie (de la), E. 3. 4. 31 Vannes (de). Halle aa BM, E. 3.
Vanne» (Saint-), encloe St. -filarlin,
Vannes (place St.-), idem, E. 3. + Vanladour (de). D. 2. 3. Vareones (de), faub. St.-Gennain ,
C. 4. 32 Vareiraes (de), Halle-an-Bl^, E. 3.
Vari6t6a ( th^tre des), boulevard Montmartre, E. 2. ' Variit6s(passagcdes),Pa]aia-Boyal,
D. 3. t Vaucanflon, eoclos St .-Martin, E.
V. 2. 3. Vaudeville (passage dn), D. 3. + Vandeville ( th^tre du ), rae bl.-
Tbomas-dti-Lottvre, D. 3. Vangirard (de), C. D. 4. 5. Vausirard f barridre dc), C. S. Vendome (de), P. 2. 3. Vcnd6me (place), D. 2.
Venue (de). E. 3.
33 Venise ( impaiae el p8«6age dr ),
E. 8.
34 Veidekt, E. 3. 36 Veiderot, E. 3.
Verneall (de), C. D. 8. V6ro-Dodat (paasagc), me deGre-
ncLle,D. 3. Verrerie (de la), E. 3. 4. Versailles (de), E. S. Versailles (impnase), E. 5. 4- Vertbob (du), B. P. 2. Verbnisson (impasie),6n»CaiUoo,
Vertna'(des). P. 3. Vertns (barxiiredes), F. t. Viande (marchi k U), HaUe, B. 3. 86 Viarmes (de), E. 8. Victor (Sr.O. E. 4. 6. Victoire (place), D. 3. ^^ 16 Vidc-Gousset, D. 3.
Vieilles-Audriette^ f^es), K. F. 3. Vicille-Bos^eric (de la), B. 4. Viei|l?:2Jraperie (de la), B. 4. ViSille-Eslriipade (de la), E. 5. is Vieillfs-Etnves (des), St..Uonor«, E 8 Vieiilu-Etaves ( des ), St.-Maxltn, K 3 46 Vieiiles-Gnrnisoni (des), E. 4. 37 Vidlle-Harangerie (de la), E. 8. Vieille-Lanlerne (dd la), place da Ch4telel, E. 3. + 39 Vieille-Monnaie ( de h ) , idem,
E 3. 10 Vieiile - Notre-Dame, St. - Marcel , E. 6. Vieille-Place-anx-Veaux , place
du Cb&telet, E. 3. 4. + Vieille-Tannerie (de la), pbce du
Cfa&tclet, E. 8. + VieiUc-rue-du-Tcmple, E. F. 8. 4. VieUles-Tailcries (des), C. 4. 5. Vieilles-Tuilories ( impaase des ) ,
C. 4. 6. Vierge (de la). B. 3. Vicux-Angnstins (des). E. 3. Vieox-Colombier, D. 4. Vi^an (passage dn), Montmartre,
Vigiies'cdes), I^CbaiUot, A. B. 2. Vignes ?des), St. -Marcel, E. 6. Vignes (impasse des), K. 5. Vinedot, D. 2. 3. Yille-rEvoque (de la), C. «.
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C.2. Villette (barri^re de la), od SatDf.
Martin, F. 1. Vaiiot, G. 5. Vinaifprier* (des), F. 2. Vinccat-de-Paule (St.-), C. 4. Violet (pMsage), £. 2. \'imme (passage de), Palaift-Royal,
D. 8. + Virimnc, D. 2. 4 Vivienne (passage), D. 2. Yoltain; (dc), D. 4. Vultaire (qnai), D. 3. Voirie (de la ). $t.-Marlin et St.-
Denis, F. 1.+ Vuirie (de la), Popincourl, O.
'*- +
Voi'riefdeta^, ip^r, VrilJiere (deL. .,11. ^.
WaskinflM ( m^-^t^ ,
C^atiln^-H -iIbdojV Li
Wl>ali.aJbert (|«tte), A !
47 Zadtwie. E. 4.
Zacharic (passage), i.
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lablv superior to any others, bebtg prUcipaUif theremUl
of )>er9onal observation.
NEW PARIS GUIDE, or Stranger's Companion throuok the French Metropolis, 16th edit., l8mo.: with a map and twelve rainravingf ; contaifeinff an accurate descrip- tion of all the public ediflcea. fcardens, Bu:.; its politioaJ, scientific, commercial, relifrious. and moral institutions: a historical sketch of Paris, and directions to the tnir Teller, previous to his settiag out, upon hip landlnir in France, and on his arrtral at Paris; the roads from the court to the capital : description of the Environs, with a PLAN FOR VIEWING PARIS IN A W£E|f, dC rectory of Parisian Tradesmen, a comparison of Frandi and English weights, measures, coins, sc., UNGr.p or llfr. bound.
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BYRON'S COMPLETE WORKS, inclnding all Wi «ip- pressed and attributed Poems, and Pieces; printed in a c'ear.bpld, and S legible type, IN "ONE VOL. OCTAVO, "• ith a Life of the Author, abeaatjfol Portrait, and a ihc-
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vtnrileorhhLordahip't^rTiUag in an-orl^nal Tetter never before puWiahed, ONLY »fr. — r*« same on YcHnm paper, extra bofirds, 3&fr.— TA« *««« 4m veMom pap., royal 8ro. (only 50 copies printed), 60lr. It is unneeesstcry to point out the advantages nf pos- sessing this splendid ediiion in so portable a form ^ and at eonsiderabip less than half the cost qf the most com- mon and imperfect editions. —The same in 13 toIs. 32ino. on vellam paper. ONLY 45tr. This beautiful edition, from its size, is admircdtly mtited for a Lady's library, or as a pocket-companion, — Another Jitlit.,\«rge type, 16 vol«. J3mo.T«lluni paper. 70fr. CONVERSATIONS WITH LORD BYRON, ON RE- LIGION, held in Cephalonia.a short time prerions to hig Lordsltip's death; by the lat© Ja«i«» Kennedy, M. D. of H. B. M. medical itaff, 1 vol. 12mo. LORD BYRON AN&SOME OP HIS CONTEMPORA- RIES, with Recollection* of the Anthorg Life and Visit to Italy, by Leigh Hunt. 3 vols. l^mo. vellnm paper, hot- pressed, with five portraits and fac-similes; Mtr. on* fourth of the London price.
'* Mr, Leigh Hunt's positirm with regard to Lord Bwron, and the long and intimate intercourse they m^oyed, enabled fnm to contemplate the Noble Poet's character in all its darkness and brightness ; and while he can seize all that vtos really piquant about his Lord- ship, he is it^itely above retailing the gossip and gar- bage which some memoir-writers have done.— There is natch new and curious matter in these lively volumes— they abound in anecdote, and are full qf vivid sketches and traits of numerous eminent and Interesting indivi- dual*."—(Sew Monthly Maniazine}. HOURS OF IDLENESS : a series of juvenile poems, by Lord Byron. With the Critique of the Edinburgh Review, which elicited the « English Bards and Scotch Review- ers. » L2mo. 4fr. KvGLISH BARDS AND SCOTCH REVIEWERS, a satire, and other suppressed Poems, by Lord Byron, 12mo. afr. THE CURSE OP MINIERVA, by Lord Byron, I2mo. Itr. 50c. This Satire was printed, but never published iu ■ England. WALTZ, an Apostrophic Hymn. By Horace Horntm,
(Lord Byron.) Umo. Ifr. &0o. HOROANTE MAO0I0RE,/rafi«/a/«f/hMR the Italian nf
Fulci. Bj Lord Byron. 13ino. 2fr. PARLIAMENTARY SPEECHES OF LORD BYRON.
from copies -prepared by him for publication, 12mo.2ft'. THE DEFORMED TRANSFORMED, a drama, by Lord
Byron. 3ft-. THE ISLAND ; or Christian and his Comrades, by Lord
Byron, l3mo. ^. THE AGE OF BRONZE. Carmen, seculars et annus
haudmirabilis. By Lord Byron. 2tr. WERNER, a tragedy, by Lord Byron, 4ft-. fOc. THE VISION OF JUDGMENT, by Lord Byron, ISmo. SUV. HEAVEN AND EARTH, ft mystery, by Lord Byron,, ISbo. at. 50c.
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DON niAN, a poem, li^ hmrdBffrtm, (MMpleteiaSvdi. Umo. Tellatn paper, fSAr. ; or nur lie luul Mp«rac«lj, Cantoc I. and II. 3fr.--CaBtQa W. IV. V. 3fr.--Cnt4» VI. VII. Vlll. Sfr-^CantiM IX. X. XL 3fir.^-CaalM XO. XIU. XJV. ark-.-^aatoa XV. XVI. 3fr,
CAIN, a nyatery. fej Lord M^rom, Vhm, afr.file.
fiARDANAPALUS. a Tragody, hf Lord Bgrm^ 4fr. 60c. '
THE TWO FOSCARI. a Tn«edj. hf Bgrw* 4fr. Ote.
PROPHECY OF DANTE, a poem, hj Bprom, tSmo. Ifr.
MARINO FALIBRO, DOOB OF VSNICS, a hktoiiaa tngedj, by Lord Bpro*, l9mo. 4flr. SOc
LETTER TO . ON THE REV. W. L. BOWX«B8«
STRICTURES ON THE LIFE AND WRTTINas OF POPE, by Urd Bprom, Uno. Sfr. Me.
MAZEPPA, a poen, by Lord Bwron, Una. Sfr. SOc
BEPPO, a Vonetiaii Story, by Lord JByrm. Iteo. Mr.
CHILDE HAROLD'S FILGRIMAOB. 9 vols. 3taio. Sfr.
THE VAMPIRE, ISmo Jfr.-.Thia moat tentfe and inteN«t- ing tale was Kiron out as Lordf Byron*:
LIFE OF LORD BTRON, by /. IT. LaJN^Staio. 3fir.
CONVERSATIONS OF LORD BYRON; dataUinff tbe occorreDceiofhiipriratelife; hiaopiaioiisoinfocieir.aiia liiararv men ; being tbesubatanee ora joonial keptdiBii^fr a residence with hi« lordship at Piaa, ia 101 and ISUL By Thoouu Medwin, Btq. 9 yoto. ISmo. Iftfr. TkU oditiom it more complete than the 7 "
* TMe work poseeeeee great aoureee ^mttradioms H if diecursiveffitn qTamecdoteanderUieiem, amdtoomu with ail the great names of the age; UieeU onee tetervfittay and amusing t every body vUi read ^.--{New MoolUy Magaxine,) GREECE; beinc a lerlea of tetteia and otlier docqaenlf • "redTltey^ "
on the OrecOteyolntion; writiea durtog a visit to tkat
country, by the Hon. Col. L. ^<d ' ~ ' *
Motf curious detaUs relative to J
country, by the Hon. Col. L. Stanhope, contahdngi tome ^tsUrdByron.^m^STsUd
most carious dstaUs relative ts I,ord Byron.— m^asTtiioi bja /fte-sindU of tat lordship's band-writlDg.^dTali.
« This is a very interesting work : and the best report ea the state <^ of airs to Greece »hU» has ever t^ipiaredy (Times.)
« This isapubUeation afstirRnavahu. Its conHmsate doeumenteand materials towards a very importantpari of a very important history; and Us interest is nonfo more ep»emer€adetcription,"--(m»aiaij SbijiaaiooJ PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE OF LORD BTRON. inclndlnf his letters to bis mother, written Arom Fortaialt Spain, Greece, and other parts of 4he MediteirsBean. Pabtished from the oriciaate. by it. C. Dallas, B8«.3Toto. 12mtf. I6tr.
(For thU work an injwmctlon was {/ranted by the Lord ChanceUor, and it cttn never bejmb&shed in England. J , * We are indebted to the French Press for tUsinteresi- ingpuNicoHony which our boasted Aherties did not suf- Meto procursMt. Thete httert are graceful, eleaani, «ii^<Mlii«jil/y remarkable for their ease and AmptieUy. *m. Byron's Corre»ondence it in reality such as very *^ portons eomld prodnce,"-^eiw Monthly Magasiae. J NARHATIVB OF LORD BYRON'S LAST JOUBNET
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TO OREECB. ftom the Joarnsl of Count Peltr Gambm, who attended Irii Lordship on that expedition, l3mo.<M-.
* 1^i9 narrative i* perhaps the most important of ail that Lord Byron's death has brought forward to esta- blish his place in the rolls of Fa««. 'MBlackwood.) LAST DAYS OF LORD BYRON, with hi« Lordship's opi- nions on the state of Greece, by Major W. Parry; to which are added, Remioiscences of Lord Byron, con* tained iu letteis addressed to the Hon. Ck>l. Stanhope. Umo.ftfr.
« The interest which every ctrcnmstance connected with the history qf Lord Byron naturally excites, has pro- ducedthis volume. The events which it relates are re- markable for the peculiar views it takes of his character, and the persons by whom he was surrounded. Upon the state of the Greeks the book e^ff'ords some cttriints infor- mation."'^(Sexr Monthly Magazine.) IMPARTFAL PORTRAlt OF LORD BYRON, as ■ Poet and a man, compared with all the evidences and writings regardiof? him. By Sir E. Brydges, Bart. ISno. 3Ar.
" The scorching beams of I^rd Byron's sun have sunk beneath the horizon, but the milder reflexion from them still irradiates the sky. I have accompanied his' progressfrom its first dawning ray, when scarcely no- ticed by others, to his premature eitil; and now, with a still growing enthusiasm, I continue to throw fresh fiowers on his fo»i6.*— Preface. NARRATIVE OF LORD BYRON'S VOYAOE TO COR- SICA AND SARDINIA, from minutes by the passengers, and extracts from the Journal of his Lordship's Yacht the Jroz^yxjva, kept by Capt. Benson, R. N. 3Ar.
THOHAS H0OR&
IIOORE'S POETICAL WORKS. Including his Irish Me- lodies, National Airs, Ballads, Sacred Songs. &c.. with » comprehensive sketch of his Life, and Portrait, printed in abold» clear, and legible type, complete in ONE VOL. or- >At7o.ONLY 30A-. m buards; 30fr. on vellum paper; or 45fr.on large vellum paper, with proof Portmit on India paper, of which only .oO copies have been printed.
This splrnt/id edition comprises the whole of Mr. Moure's Poetical Works, The Melodies, Canzonets, ^•. , about 3U0 in number, have never been printed iu Entjland but with the nivs-ic. which alone amounts toJUteen limes the price of this entire edition.
*-.The same, 7 vols. 3*2mo. vellum paper, SSfr.
This Dittmnnd Edition, from its convenient sise, is admirablv suited for a lady's library or for the pocket.
COMPLETE PllOSE AND POETICAL WORKS OF THOMAS MOORE. 17 thick vols. i2mo. vellum paper, IlSfr. with a Portrait and Sketch of his Life: Containing: Memoirs of Lord Bvron; Mefnoirs of Captain Rock; Lifv of Sheridan : L iIIh Knokh ; Loves of the Angels. &c.; Odes en Cash, Corn. Catholics ; The Epicurean; Rhymes on tbe Roa<l; Ode.s and Kpislles; Two-penny Post Bag; Tom- Crib's Memoriai to Congress; Corruption and Intolerance; The Sceptic; Irish. Sacred, and National Melodies; Evenings in Greece ; Letter to the Catholics ; M. P., or (he Blue Stocking ; Fudge Fnmilv ; Odes of Anacreon ; Little's Poems, Mid upviards of 300Canxon«ts, Soags, S-
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&.C. This i$ the onfp uniform Edithm ^ Mr. Moerw^m Uforks pubUsked.
-^Another edition, on common paper, 15 Tola. I3mo. 9ftfr.
ODES ON CASH, CORN. CATHOLICS, ETC.. NATIO- NAL AIRS. eVeNINGS in GREECE, GLEES. ETC^ by ThomoM Moore, I vol. I2nro. 6fir.
THE EPICUREAN, a talc, by T. Moore, l2iiM.<)ri>.
« Our sense qftke beauties qf this Tale may he apprw- Hated by the acknowledgment that for insight imto haammm nature, for poetical thought, for grace, reMnemenI,. in- tellect, pathos, and subHmity, toe prize Uke EpicvrBaa even above any other of the author's works, buUed, at- though written in prose, this is a masterlppoem, amdwoU for ever ranif as one of the most exquisite productiams m English Literature /'--(Literary 0«sette.>
MEMOIRS OF LORD BYRON. 4 thick roli.Rmo. tcBob paper, 95 fr. Ttw seme i» one ?oluine Sro. 90 A*.
LIFE OF THE RIGHT HON. R. B. SHERIDAN, br Thomas Moore, 2 iiacV. vols T2ruo.30n'. ' }Vhat a galaxy of beauty is here! These admirahie memoirs abound in the very finest specimens of tke or- nate style— it cannot fail to improve those embitiasu gf fine ttTrifijfi/.''— (London Magaune.)
* This is €U magnificent a piece of Biogre^hff as «» have in our language,- it has added another to the brii- Mant laurels already won by the Author."— (MonihljRcr ^ " This is a production abounding in interest, spirUr and fearless integrity. The powers by which the extraor- dinary man who is the subject of the Mem^rs arrived ml celebrity, ewe depicted with a master- h€uid— his t '
as a dramatist, and his glorious eloquence, are por- trayed with a power which could only proceed from a kindred spirit."— (Lit. Gazette.) MEMOIRS OF CAPTAIN ROCK, the celebrated Irish Cki^ain. with some account qfhis ancestors, written bj himieir ( Thomas Moore), ISmo. tfr.
■ This is a complete History oT Ireland, and ought to . i the manual of every one wishing for informaiiau. am that cf untry ; it is full ^ instruction and a*
an entertitining and melancholy vobtms, which BngUsh- men ought to be ashamed, and Irishmen etfraid, to read.'"' —{London Magazine.)
LOVES OF THE ANGELS, by Th. Moore, 12nio. 4fir.
—The same, 8vo. beautiAilly printed. 7tt.
RHYMES ON THE ROAD, AND FABLES FOR THE HOLY ALLIANCE, by Thomas Moore, 13ino.4fr.
THE IRISH MELODIES. SACRED MELODIES. NA- TIONAL AIRS, EVENI^NGS IN GREECE. CanaontU, Songs, and Ballads, etc., by Th. Moore, 2 voli aSmo. 8fr. * Moore it one of the few writers who will survive the age in which he so deservedly flourishes. He will Sve te his Irish melodies. They wdlffo down to posterity with the music, -^oth will last as long as Ireland, or as naisis and poetry."— (hard Byron.)
LITTLE'S POEMS. AND ODES OF ANACREON. ly Thomas Moore, 12rao. Sfr. ' UJL ROOKH. by Thomas Moors, 3hD0.Bfr«
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filU WALTER SCOTT.
SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS ANp CTHER PROSE WORKS, containing a Glowary, »njFh£Jl W explained the ScolUrt word, and Ph™«««'.c?'"E'"® ,V*\ Sfc'VEN VOLS. 8ro. (heretofore publwhed in W vow.; beautifully print«d, with portraU, only ITBflr. -TA« same, on Tcllum paper. a*5fr. o„wr«{f
-The tame, on Tellum paper, royal 8vo. proof Portrait
incredible that so many 'vohime* could »»«^e been coro- prc««cd into 10 small a compaw, thereby wsn^ering th«*e workB availaUte to the economist as vrella-i to the traveller. This edition, from its moderate pncc, beauty .and correct- ness, leaver nothing to *"«.«"**/'»' 5?^^"i'<l^ S"i. Icnges a comparison with the ftnest specimens of typo-
n5v BlS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT; elegantly printed
in 12mo. by Didot. _-
Anne QfGeiersteiH,3ioU, 13ftr.TAs AUma»tery, 13flr.
2vol».9flr. , ForiuMs of Nigel, l^.
Ditto, 2d scries, 3 toIs. 13fr. —The same, 8to. Sfr. Talet of a GraHc(father, 1st . Guy Mannprtng, ISfir.
2d.&3d scries;6To»s.2m-. KtHih^^.^rt^^^- Woorfsfoc*. 3 vols 13 fir. _ TA« Pira/e, 13fr. Ta/et^<if ihg<;rusttders, 17fr. y^«V0rUv,\^T, RedaaunUet,\dlr. JBo6«ojr., 13fr.
St itonan'M Weii, 13ftp. The Antiquary, 13^
CHentiH Durward, Wflr. Tales ofmy l'ajuilor£ :
I7fr. —The same, 8vo.7fr.
-The samc'Sro. 7fr. -5*1 series, 4 vols. J7fr.
TA< .4»6oM3fr. -3d series. 4 vols. 17fr.
THE PROSE AND POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, 108 volumes, 12mo. (which can be bound in 44 volumes) Printed by Didot. 480fr.
SIR WALTER SCOTT'S POETIC AL WORKS, inclujng all his minor pieces, witha life and portrait of the "Ujhor. printed in a bold, clear, and legible type, c«mpwt« m ONE VOL. octavo. ONLy 20fr^TA« same, on vellum paper, 30fi'.-TO« tnme, on large vellum paper, (only ftO copies printed.) 45fr. _ „ „-
-TA* same. Pocket edit.7 vols. 32mo. vellum Papc'- »f^-.
^The same, large type, uniform with the novels, 7 vols.
LlFE°bF NAPOfLEON BONAPARTE, Emperor of the French, with a view of the French Revolution, by «r Waiter Scott, with twoportraits of Napoleon, one as First Consul, the other m Emperor, with a fee simile of his signature as each; 9 thick vols. 12mo. WMV. :HE same, in One thick Volume Hvo.^.fr. ^^
« Our task qf selection is only difficult from therich mP^r- abundance qfrnateriaU which present themselves nem^y at every page with an almost bewtUiertng profusion. Fat- sages ofMgh descriptive p(wer and burning 'ioauenas are scattered throughout the work with a prodxgalHy which genius alone can supply. We may safely ai^^JthOt volumes more pregnant with interest never Mpied from iJLejsress.- iLitepary Gazette^
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* TAls wort 4m wortktf vf t^e ntam ^ i» iHustHonw titithor, anda c\itt-i:aeB^Tt^sUhrela&9nUth0$eemkne»P mmd general chartudtrktHes etaentiailjf remtirtd bf gwnf iatte and go^d atnst.—Hi$ pvrtraH* af fmU ^imgpkra- lion, arndstaudomt on tkecanoaswitAboUnetteuMlmtMi- eitw, tmd tkt dtcriptiou of mU artmt tmnis it Jbte «it«F pictttre8q*e. Sir Walter Scott Mas nndvnhledlf draurn Me document* from tktir tomreeo.'* (Hmw MmA. Hafu.)
HISTORY OP SCOTLAND. 3 thick toIi. tSaw. ISfr:
TALES OF A GRANDFATHER, b^ Sir Walter Seott, Itt. Sd, and 3d Beriet.S voU. I8mo., 37ir.
THE DOOM OF DEVORGOIL. « inelD«nui». and AC- CHINDRANE. or THE AYRSHIRE TRAGEDY. By Sir Walter Scott, ISao.. 4Ar. SOt.
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GOETZ OF BERLICHINGEN WITH THE IRON HAND, a tragedy from the Oerman. by Sir Waiter Scott, l3vao Aft.
TALES AND ESSAYS, contamiar. My Aont Margaretla^ Mirror : The Tapestried Chamber : Pbantasmi^roria ; Eyrbiiri^ia Saga ; Uoliere, etc. by Waiter Scott, I toL 12ino. 5fr.
IIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS, by Sir Walter Sc9it,9yiaB, 12ino. Sfr.
" Of tkfee Live* we need kardf^ tap more tkan tiat tAe^ display the ntual lateUitieHce and dUerimhuMon oi the aiffAor."— (Literary Gazelte.)
RELIGIOUS DISCOURSES, by Sir Walter Scott, Sfr.
LIVES OF THE NOVEUSTS.by Walter Scott,ivoU. 9fr.
MEMOIRS OF JONATHAN SWIFT, D.D., Dean of Sl^ Patrick'!, Dublin, by Sir WatUr Scott, 3 vols. ISmo. 9flr.
LIFE OP JOHN DRYDEN. by WaUerScott, 3 toU. 0fr.
ESSAYS ON CHIVALRY, THE DRAMA, AND RO- MANCE, by Sir Walter Scott, 2 vols. ISmo. 9fr.
These are extracted firopt the Eldi$tbur{fh Encffdopedia, and have never b^ore been published separeUe/if,
HALIDON HILL, a Dramatic Sketch, by Sir Walter Scott, l2mo. 3fr.
LEGEND OF MONTROSE, by Sir W. Scott,% x. SSmcifi-.
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SOVTBSEY.
SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Includinir all hfa sap- pressed Poems, with A Life aud beautiful Portrait, print- «d. in. a bfikl. ctear aiuLlegible type, in ONE VOLUME.
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Sro. Price only 25Ar. ; TeHttm paper 36fr. ; lane Tellont paper (only 50 copies printed), fiOfr. ALL FOR LOVE, AND THE PfLORrM TO COBPOS- T£LLA> by Robert Southep, 1 toI. 33nio.4fr.
WORHSWOaTH.
WORDSWORTH»S POETICAL WORKS. wHh a Liftr and beautiful Portrair. nrinfed in a bold, clear and le- gible type, in ONE VOLUME, 8to. Price only 20fr.; ri t df^T *'*"' ^'"^* ▼ellum paper (only 90 copies
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ROGERS, GAlilPBELL, HOIVTGOBIERTr KIRKE WmHB, ANB LABOk
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LADY KORGAN.
'^?^.®?P'^ OF THE BOUDOIR, by Lady Morgan. 2vols. 12mo.,10rr.
THE OBRIENS ANDTHE OPLAHERTYS, a national t!i]», by Lady Morgan^ 4 vols. 12mo. 18fr.
<* Lady Morgan has on this occasion ttxctUed htrself, **?*( **?1 fwrnUhed the admirers cf kistoricaJ romanctt wthahigh and extraordinary treat.'^^LiierHTyChron ) /^'frtsenfroM the perusal of her charming volumes, and still under the wand qf the enchantress, our praise may perhaps he conceived too excessive to he. judicious ; but the work is so immeasurably superior to any thing that Lady M^n-gan has yet done, that ws cannot bring
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wnelvet to rttruet it, nor can wtMt> •^«y^/ <*^ of'iSetehes in It which ScotI himK(r might a«JE»owfe<4^* -{L«mlon Weekly RcTiew),
ITALY, bv Ladp Morga*. 3 voU. Iftno. 25lSr. ONB- THI RD of t he Price ofthe London edition.
« Ladif Morgan's ftorUU and ^xceOeut ftori wpom f<tf/y.»--<Lord Byron.) . , ., .i_
« Ladv Morgan has aiven n» more information ok <Ar mctuat state qfSocietu im Ifatv, than can hefamndtn wep ef the nnmerous publications ^hick haw made tkmr ippearancetince Ihe p^ace.'-jNcw Monthly MKUtwe.) ^*This work may he consulted for Us facts hw the h%9to- rfan.the traveller, and the /op«rrap*«".»— (Mont. M*f .)
LSfffeR TO TH^ REVlEWlgks OF MTALY.y^ Lady Morgan, including an. answer lo a Pam|>hlet eu- titled « ObservatioM upon the calamniei and mismprv- ■entationi in Ladj Monran'g Italy." Kmo. Ifr. 50c.
LIFE OF SALVAtOR ROSA, by Lady Morgan, 2 ToU-
*^Lady Morgan has surprised us by the * We and Times qf Salvator ttota.^ ^'.^^i^J^^JJ^Ha^iri!'-
noms. ected
'^*'Ladyl3orga'n"ha's''iroduced two qfthe mosiamuMim vohaneswe have met with, even in this biogra^kseai
ABSENTEEISMyby Lady Morgan, 12mo. 4fr.60c.
WASHINGTON IftVING.
WASHINGTON IRVINOS WORKS WtoI^Sbw.
A^»'i?fttn^F%'&^^^^
H^WTiiEmK^^^^^^^ OF CHRIS
TxfpHER COLUMBUS, by Washington Jrviwy, 4 iWck T0l». l2mo.withinap»,24irr. ., , . ,
' This work gives Mr, Irving prodigious tncrtase^ fame; the novelty of .fact exhibitea «'*'"»«»i;!««w*?' only to be explained by the circHmstances «*«f* *«« given the author access to the archives of the SpanUA got^ernment, as wrUasmany private l*fraries» *««*«<• • a fountain shut up and a book seated r by which he has been enabUdto weave into this work ■»«•/«"<«» facts, previously unknown, concermna ^*''^"it kTliv chaste and nervous elegance vflhe^ style and the libera^ truly philosophical cast of ihouyht and »««'w«J: what no one need be surprised setlh who has read
^^itf^th^'iaTeiitM'^^nin jfj«>rt *»*lJfJlJSif*^*- cal composition, not only for the depth of her refiexio* hut for the extent of her taste and judgment, connect with Italian Literature aiirfu4rt.»— (Monthly Retiew.)
and . , are what
his previous writings; but this performance <« « *?S elaborate one, and of ^»<^*«' P''*^«'^*'V '"Sf JlS unmingled pleasure do we contemplate (he fruH 9f *«« long and arduous labours.'-iLiiemxj Gatette.)
"It has very entertaining notices t^f events, opinions, and persons, iUustrative tf the great subject of the worJt.'*— (Loudon MantKinr}. t- i^..«.
" This spirited and tnteresttng work, in «•*««* f*^! thing it as judiciously reasoned as a Is beaut if nUy and forcibly expressed, is much more grave in lis character ind laborious in its execution , than any <tf his precedtn'j
»««.*MNcw monthly Maynsinc.}
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THE SKETCH BOOK, bv W. Irving, 2 vols. Timo.Of
SALMAGUNDI; or thti^mtm- WAams and OpinioHB of JL,auncelot Langstqf, Esq., and others. —Bv the same. 2 vols. I2mo. 8fr. '
K^JICKERBOCKER'S HUMOROUS HISTORY OF X EW YORK . bv the same. 2 vols. l2mo. 8fr.
TALES OF A TRAVELLER, by Ihc same, 2 volumes, 12ino. lOfr.
* It seems probable to us that Mr. Irving might prove no contemptible rival to Goldsmith, tthose turn of mind he very much inherits, and of whose style he particularhi reminds us. Like him, too, Mr. Irving possesses the art of setting ludicrous perplexities in the most irresistibls point of view, and ire think, equals him in the variety of his AMmowr."— (Quarterly Review.)
GOLDSMITHS MISCELLANEOUS WORKS, edited bv Washington Irving, 4 volg. 8vo. 28fr.; on vellum pa- per, 4'ifr. ; on large vellum paper, 72fr. witb6ne portraits of Goldsmith and Irving.
JFENIHORE COOPER.
THE WATER WITCH, 3 voir. 12mo. ISfr.
THE BORDERERS, or the Wept of WishtonWiah.Svob.
I2nio. I.3fr. ?'IJ.^fe^^^.v9J^7l?^ MOHICANS. 3 vols. l2mo. 13ft-. LIONEL LINCOLN, or Legends of the Thirteen Rc-
fiul>lIC9. 12rao. 13fr, E PILOT, a tale of the sea, 3 vols. 12mo. 13ft-. THE SPY, a tale of the neutral ground, 3 vols. 12mo. 13ft-. THE PIONEERS, or Sources of the Sosquehanna, a de- scriptive tale. 3 vols. l2mo. 13fr. THEPRAIRIE. 3 vols. 12mo. 13ft-. RED ROVER. 3 vols. I2mo. 13fr.
* The ability displayed in the T<[oveh or this author has rendered Mm a decided favorite. His characters are well drawn, spirited, distinct, and natural, and might have figured with great credit on the pages of the Scotch Novelist.''— i^ew Monthly Magazine.)
HAZLITT.
TABLE TALK, or Original Essays, by Wmiam HazHtt, 2 voI.H. l2rao. 9tr.
" We are acquainted with no other living writer who can drpict the intricacies of human character with so firm and masterly a hand, who can detect with sufine an intuition the essences of opinion and prejudice— or follow with so unerrififf a skill the subtle windings qfthe deepest aff't'cfion.x."—{S€w Monthly MagRzine.)
SPIIIIT OF THE AGE, or Contemporary PortraUs. by 11'i//iVm ffa2/i«. 2 vols. 12mo. 9ft-.
* We have here another Work from the acute, brilliant, spirit-stirring, and always entertaining pen of the Author df Table Talk. ', Those who desire to qain an available no- tion of the intellfctual characters of Lor < Ti .■■ ■ ^ ■ r Wul ter Scott , Mr. Coleridge. Mr, Southey. i,' ; rth,
Mr. Campbell, Mr. Crabbe. Jeremy Br^u :;. Corf
win, Mr. Irving, Home Tooke, Mr. CtiHifiHti. Sir ' ^^ Mackintosh, Mr. Matthus, Mr. Giford, Mr. J^fffty, BroHgham,SirF.Burdett,LordEldoH,Mr. jm-
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MORAL TALES. 2 voli. l«»o. 9fr. POPULAR TALES, 2 vol*. l«ino, lOfr. PARENTS' ASSlsf ANT,6T0l«. Itoo. IMr. ENM UL a tale of fiMhionable Life» I2mo. Cifr.
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HISTORY OF PARIS,/™ «*«. ««»^ jP^. '^ |2f present daw ; cotttainiDit a datcnj»Uwi of tta aotiquities, public buU^'nifs, iii8titn«oa«, with Ihcta aod an^dolea fcihcrto unpublished, to illuatrate the «raa of Fre^ History, particuJarly the Revolution; a notice oftha Siurchof St.Deni.,stati8tlcRl Ublcs.fiPomolBcial aottrtea, &c. Second Edition, 3 vols. 8*0. 36pr.
" WearethankMtotheantAorforwppllfiMadi^ ratumin our literature. TAU work wU toon ^ndiUmMff
imto every good Hbrartf. "—{Chromcit.}
" This atrious pudUcation, we particularly reeommemd «o»of;c«."-(Literai7CazctCe.)
HISTORY OF ENOI*ANI>, by .Sir Jawm MaekuHosM, 3 vo!s. ISmo.
A HISTORY 9FENOLATOfromtheFl«tInjrg^ Roiuans,by/o*ii WJ«jr«rrf. DD. 'J.'^^l^L^l^riiJK^^ Twovolumes more of tJi«/»»^«*>« ^«»^,!^SSiSL iv ueeted to complete the History lothe RclgnofOepreeIV- *^ T/jer«r is nohUtoru with which this mag not ckallengf a comparison-it is the fruit qfgreatjHduatrv. '•«'»'«J' and acuteness. dineted by «o %Mnurptaie^s;^ Ungard has the perspicuity of '^**^''^*'»i'i"*Tt freedom and fancy; his diction has the ornament of Gibbon without his afftcjation or obscurity iondtothe merits of diligence and critical research, Hume mutt Veld the palm to Dr. Ungard, He possesses the rar* iJrltlf^ving coUectedhs ««5Z<«'*a;^T/iS2£^ historians and records: hts narrative has «/5«*yj»
by Henry Hailam. 4 vols. Svo. »fr. . , „ .
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W. Scott,Th. Moore. J. Hom. W. Tennant, P.B. SheUgr, H. wSlmin. Lei»h Hunt. Ch. Lamb.G. Croly, J. BailJie.
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HENRY'S EXPOSITION OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT* wherein.each chapter is sammed up in Its contents : the sacred text inserted at large in distinct paragraphs : each paracraph reduced to its proper heads : the sense given, and largely illustrated, with practical remarks and obeerrations. 3 very thick large 8vo. to-
A*mcVlONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUA<;»E; in which the wirds are deduced from their original, and illnstrated in their different signlflcntions by ci^amnles from the beat writers. To which are prefixed a History of the langoage. and an English Grammar. Bi Samuel Joknton, printed Terbatim from the last folio edition cor- Kcted by the Doctor. I thick royal 8vo. toI. bewitiAiUy printed onTellum paper, bound in cloth. 1839. SOfir.
AINSWORTH'S LATIN DICTIONARY, reprinted from the folio edition, with nnmeroos additions, emendatSona and improvements, by the Rev. B. W. Beat$o»,A. if., revised and corrected by W. Ellu, A. M. of King's CoUeee, Aberdeen. 1 thick royal 8vo. volume. beautiroUy printed on vellum paper, boand in cloth. 1839. 46fr.
.THE LAST MAN. a romance, by JITrs. 5Ae//ey,3 vo1s.l3fr. * The graceful and the disordered, the tender and the true, the erring, tke noble, and tks paeeionate, com- pote the poumrfia charm of these volumes. . A duster of imaatnarv beUg§,—<$ prophetic dream of distant com- quest andcalamiUe/s-imd, ahoveall, thiuffs that are not maginary^, a shaping qftha Uneamsnts ^ men uAth whom poetrg hue made ue acquainted, and a rememhranee even ixf the tones in which tike& loved to speak-these are the suhieds that irresietiSlg enchain the reader as he threads the i$Uere$ting stonf of The Laat.Man. *
THE TOR HILL, an Htntorical Novel, by tho AnCbor of « Bramhletme House.* 3 vols. I2mo. iSAr.
> The ' TorBkU * takes a leadkng rank among thejkf- Mons <^ the dag. The general strength tfthe narrative carries us agreeabig tOmtg, Tho antiquarian displags are amusing and curious, and the hUtorical eharactmrt €tre wrouaht with a truly graphic po«w.»— (London •Literary Gazette.) _ ,, ^ . , ^.
« This novel is tupertor to^ Brtmbletge Jaemse-* in tho tsUhition <^ higher beaatiee ; both have feUeUemt trtOte of character, gleams of feeling and humour, and bm- Baneg (^ deeoription.».-(Sew Hoathly Maganina.)
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OW THE NOBILITY Of THE BRITISH GENTRY, compared with those of the Continent, for the use of Pt>re*igner« in Great Britain and ofBritona abroad ;-par- ticttlarly of Ihouc who desire to be prwentetfat Foreign Courts, to accept foreign vkilitSiTj sejyice, icjiob^x^ied with foreign titles, to be admitted into foreign ordera, to purchase foreign property, or to *n*«f '»»S*IX;rS? /fr reigners. By Sir fames Lawrence, llmo, 3d edition. 4fr. 'Much is promised in the title-page, but it is mentori- msly redeemed: in a small compass, a areatportton jjT ustd^tl heraldic information is conveyed, and tht maim pokitionassertedis established with considerable tnge- nutty and learning. ''-{^oiMAy Re^jef i . ,. ., .„, ^ • Every person gotng abroad should read tue Ota e/ fare of foreign JVoftWfF."— (Gentleman's Magaxine.)
ROBERTSON'S History of America. HJstorr of g;ot^^^^^^ and History of Charles V., each in ONE VOLUME 8to., boards, printed on fine paper. 15flr.
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