LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No.„^.aaS___.- DATE..1:.LSM. souRCE_ha.-B__MM:adejr. ?^v CJUcJ-^/^^ :2fc/ ^ /7/ '^Jf.i^l^^^ ^«^^-e^^ i December 29, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ^ OTecfelg Cllustratetr foiirnal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (ESTABLISHED IN 18 4 1.) VOL. XX.-NEW SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, i883. LONDON: 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, COVENT GAEDEN, W.C. 1883. Pev LONDON : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. The Gardcnet-s' Chronicle, [December 29, 1883. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1883. Abies nigra, 20 Abrus precatorius, 503 Abutilon, a new double, 725 AbiUilons, Iiybrid, .170 Acacia dealbata, 437 Acantlionientlia illcifolia, 47 Acanthus niontanus, 791 Acer circinatuni, 370 ; A, insigno, 41 ; A. Volxeniii, as an avenue irec, ^;^S Acroclinium album floie-pleno, 211 ; A. roseuni, 145 Acrostichum magnum, 135 Actinomykosis, 145 Adianlum cuneatum, 408 ; A. cuneatum deflexum, 716 ; A. cuneatum strictum, 526 ; A. Farleyense, 696 ; Weigandi, ,748 ylichmea Barleei, 102 /Esculus sinensis, 444 derides, a new. 307 ; sold at Stevens' Rooms, 368 /Erides Lawrenceice, 460 ; .-E, vandarum, 722 Agave americana, flowering at Oxford, 294 Agaves flowering at La Mortola, 54 Ageratum Tom Thumb, 379 Agricultural botany, 471 ; education, 338 ; statistics, 783 Agriculture, the improvement of, 568 Algerian forests, 219 Allamanda Henderson! as a creeper, 178 Allium acuminatum, 40 ; MacLeanii, 568 Almonds fiuiling in London, 82 Aloe pratensis, 568 Alpine plants, 171, 532, 622 ; Mr. Meyer's collection of, at Champel, 119 Alstnmieri.is, 21 Ahlixinieria aurea, 84 Amaryllis Belladona, 376, 428 ; A.crocata, 697 Amaryllis and Eucharis, disease in, 566 Amaryllis, seedling, 632 AmarylUdaceev, Herbert's, 86 Amber, the origin of, 147 America, ensihige in, 74 ; forest conser- vation in, 656 American blight, remedy for, 114 American notes, 496 Amianthium musc^etoxicum, 41 Amorphas, the. 730 Ampelopsis Veitchii, 569, G64, 793 Anx'ctochilus Lowii, 752 Anagallis coUina var. alba, 624 ; A. gran- difiora alb.i, 52 Andes, vegetation of the, 236, 274, 300 Andromeda floribunda, 150 ; A speciosa pulverulenta, 194 Androsace foliosa, 624 ; A. lanuginosa, 495 Anemone japonica, 338 ; A. j. Honorine jobert, 40S Anemones, garden, 472 ; as summer flowers, 819 Angelonia grandifolia, 371 Angrrecum modeslum, 41 ; A. Scottia- r.um, 624 Anguloa Ruckeri ictusa, 135 Anigozantlios rufa, 178 Annuals, notes on, 214 Antliericum liliastrum, 17 Anthuria hybrid, 758 Anthurium ferriercnse, 624 ; A.Veilchii, 19 Anticlea Frcmonti, 697 Ants and plants, the social life of, 71 Aphelandra fascinator, 694 Ai'iARY : — Drumming of bees, the, 44. 76 ; the right of properly in a roving swarm of bees, 27 (see Bees) Apple, American Mother, 308 ; Ameri- can Summering. 821 ; Hnrlh<5Iemy du Moriier, 720 ; Court Pendu Plat. 405 ; Frogmore Prolific, 243 ; the Hallingbury Pippin, 624; the Herefordshire Beefing, 495 ; I-ane's Prince Albert, 408, 430 ; Live's Imperial, 624, 720 ; Sabarot and Etienne Pioux, 243 ; the Washington, 47 ; Winter Hawthornden, 537 ; Win- ter Peach, 537 ; Yorksliire Beauty, 495 Apple, abnormal development of an, 113 Apple bias, 632 Apple culture at Bodnant Hall, 505 Apple Orchards, on priming, 821 Appledom, an alphabet of, 523 Apples and Pears, 503 Apples, certificated, 624 ; cooking, 507 ; dessert, 50S ; foreign, 50S ; free bear- ing, 206 ; high coloured, 507 ; keeping. 495. 536; Kentish. S34 : new, 508; notes on, 6 ; on the Paradise stock. 567 ; packing imported, 536 ; triplet, 564 ; well-shaped. 507 Apples and the Apple show, 602 Apple show at Chiswick, the, 272, 33'5, 368, 375. 400, 407. 432, 442, 473, 474, 500, 507. 533 Apple show reflections, 526 Apple show, a proposed second in March, 570, 6o2. 633 Apple trees, too deeply planted. 505 Aquatic plants of Switzerland, the, 231 Aquilegia Skinneri, 180 Arboretum, the, 730 Arctotis leptorhiza, 275 Argemone hispida, 307 Arizona, Cereus giganteus in, 264 Aristolochia labiosa, 428 Armeria cephalotes var. bracteata, 213 Arnica montana, 12 Artists' models, trees as, 491 Arundo conspicua, 438 Ashby Lodge, new boiliies at, 753 Asteriscus maritimu'?, 84 Asparagus, on bundling, 180 Aspidistra lurida variegata. 793 Asplenium adiantum nigrum variegalimi, 663 Aster amellus, 559 ; A. diplostephioides, 141, 624 ; A. hispidiis. 697 ; A. laivis, 472 Asters, in pots, 272 ; notes on some, 463 Asters, perennial, 342, 502 Astilbe rubra, 340 Astragalus alopecuroides, 40 Athyria, proliferous, 7S3 Auriculas, the Slough, 662 ; a Lancashire collection of, 796 Australia, the tertiary flora of, 115 ; the vegetation of, 390 Australian trees and shrubs, the seed- vessels of, 464. 638 Autumn flowers, 631, 634 ; tints, 566 Azara integrifolia, 818 Azolla pinnata, 307, 791 B Bamboos. 429 ; notes on, 618 Bark Holiday excursion, a, 360, 391 B.irron, Mr. A. F. , present^ilion (o, 500 Beaufort Nurseries, Swansea, 559 Bedding, mixed, 343 Bee-keeping in India, 342 Bee plants, 306 Bees and blue flowers, 538, 570, 593 ; and Monkshood, 181, 213, 299 ; the drum- ming of, 44, 76 ; the right of property in a roving swaim of, 27 Begonia Hookeriana, 697 ; B. olbia, 600, 720 ; B. picta, 567 ; B. sparsifolia, 697 ; B. Thomas Moore, 568 Begonias, tuberous, 213, 338, 470, 532, 569 ; on rockwotk, 146 ; at Sianstead Park, 39, 104 Begonia tubers, the treatment of, 697 Belgian garden, plan of a, 589 Belgian liorliculiurists, honours to, 564 Belgrade, Primes in, 7c,o Belladonna Lilits. 440, 604 Bengal, Cinchona in, 370 Benthamia fragifera, 632 Benyon, the Rev. E. R., death of, 51 Benzoin, 596 Beveridge, Mr. James, presentation to, 630 Bilbergia thyrsoidea splendida, 121 ; B, Windii x, 791 Birds and Pears, 470, 538, 569 Birmingham Botanic Garden, hardy plants in the, 51 ; Nepenthes and Orchids in the, 82 BlandfordiaCunninghami splendens, 600 Bloomeria aurea and Brodi^ea ixiudes, la Bog plants, 116 Boltoniaindica, 375 ; and Aster j^ponicus, 505 Boltonias, notes on, 603, 633 Bonmrea Kalbreyeri, 697 ; B. patacoen- sis, 41 Bombax pentandrum, 472 Bonapartea stricta, 696 BooivS Noticed : — Allen's Flowers and their Pedigrees, 692 : Bagneris' Ele- ments of Sylviculture, 570 ; Baillon's Traits de Botanique M^dicale, 46 ; Boswell's English Botany, or Coloured Figures of British Plants. 25 ; Braith- waite's British Moss Flora, 268 ; Brown's Finland, its Forests and Forest Management, 570; Brown's The Forests of England, and the Manage- ment of them in bygone times, 570 ; Brown's French Forest Ordinance of 1669, 570 ; Bulbs and Bulb Culture, 594 ; Bund's The Law of Compensa- tion for Unexhausted Improvements, 626 ; Burton's My Home Farm, 87 ; Chambers' Handbook Dictionary, 25 ; Charteris' Students' Guide to_ the Practice of Medicine, 25 ; Cooke's Il- lustrations of British Fungi, 371 ; Cur- tis's Farm Insects, 660 ; l3e Candolle's Monographire Phanerogamarum, 722 ; Eichlerand Garcke's Year Book of the Berlin Botanic Garden, 46; Encyclo- paedia Americana, 660, 754 ; Hardy Perennials, 594 ; Hunter's The Woods, Forests and Estates of Perthshire, 657 ; James' Guesses at Purpose in Nature, with special reference to Plants, 594 ; Kohler's Medlzinische Pflanzen, 87 ; Lawson's Pinetum Britannicum, 594 ; Masters' Plant Life. 119 ; Michie's The Larch : a Practical Treatise on its Cul- ture and General Management, 570 ; Miiller's the Fertilisation of I''lowers, 372 ; James Nasmytli, Engineer. 268 ; Paxton's Flower Garden. 5',q ; Pear- son's The Agricultural Holdings Act, 626 ; Pierre, Forest Flora ot Cocliin China, 758 ; Pinetum Britannicum, 471, 758 ; Planchon's Eatable and Poison- ous Mushrooms, 752 ; Roberts' The Tomato, 373 ; Tonks' General Index to the Botjuical Magazine, i iS ; Potato Culture (Cassell's), 686 ; Watson's Topographical Botany, 174 ; Wawra's The Botanical Results of the Travels of the Princes of Saxe-Coburg Goiha, 174 ; Weir's Every Day iu the Country, 814; Wood's Hardy Peren- nials and Old-fashioned Flowers. 2:5 ; Wright's Mushrooms fur the Million, 530 Borough of Hackney Chrysanthemum Society, ^98, 727 Boitiuical Alagazine, a general index to the, 118, 149 Botanical Institute of Liege, 694 Botanic Gardens, 638 ; Calcutta, 626 ; Cape Town, 333 ; Ceylon, 43 ; Conti- nental, 2^0 : Geneva, 240 ; Glasncvin, 389, 619 ; Natal, 334 Botanic stand, the, 541 Botanical meeting at Manchester, 6 Botany, agricultural, 471 ; systematic, 539 ; systematic, in Germany, 500 Bothies, new, at Ashby Lodge, 753 Boussingaultia basselloides, 495 Bouvardia propagation, 54 ; by root cut- tings, 793 Bouvardia strigosa, 595 Boxwood, 702 Boxes for sending plants by post, 85, 821 Box Hill, wild plants on, -jo Bracken Fern, the, 86, 117 Bravoa geminiflora, 182 Brazil, vegetation of, 114 Bread, native, of Jamaica, 408 Brecon flora of, 242 British Orchids and their cultivation, u.y£ British Honduras, notes from. 76 Bristol district, th-i- wild plants of the, 200 Brocklmr:=t, Didsbury, Mr. Brockbiink's garden at, 77 Brockhurst notes, 307, 393, 460 Brodiosa ixioides and blobmeria aurea, 12 Bromeliad, a hybrid, 791 Broomeia congregata, 373 Buckinghamshire garden, notes from a, 8, 167, 295, 493 Bulb crop of 1883, the, 336 Bulb, a transfixed, 496 Bulbs, spring, for a cool greenhouse, 362, 394. 430 Bulgaria, plants of, 243 Bulls, ^I^., nursery, 534 Bunyard's nursery, Maidstone, 427 Burlingtonia decora picta, 722 Bush fruit, the protection of, 149 Buttonholes, Roses for, 492 Byturus lomentosus, 752 Cabbage, Chou de Burghley, 532, 539, 569, 603, 633, 666, 696, 728 ; Chou de Gilbert, 569 ; Waite's New Early, 566 Cabbage variations, 697 Cacalia coccinea, 276 Caccinia glauca, 173 Cactus notes, 53 Caladium, the, 116 Calanthe anchorifera, 166 ; C. Regnieri, 563 ; veratrifolia, 722 Calamus Lindeni, 667 Calceolaria amplexicaulis, 367 ; C. Kcliy- ana, 12 ; herbaceous, 86 ; notes on, 87 Calcutta Botanic Garden, 626 ; street planting in, 107 Calendula sicula, 667 Calliphruria subedentata, 694 Callirhoe papaver, 275 Cambridge Botanic Garden, hardy flowers in the, 502 Camellia, a late flowering, 20 Camellia Eugenie Massina, 568 ; C. Floydi, 20 ; C. Popf, 569 CameUias of irregular form, 569 Campanula Bononiensis, 12 ; C. carp.n- tica and var. alba, 140 ; C. glomeraia alba, 40 ; C. grandiflora pumila, 309 ; C. hederacea, 472 ; C. Hendersoui, 75 ; C. Hosti, 140 ; C. Jacobasa, 121 ; C. isophylla, 30^ ; C. niacrantha, 40 ; C. Portenschlagiana, 84 ; C. pulla, tl4 ; C. Raineri. 84; C. rapunculus, 217; C. rotundifoha var., 218 ; C. The Harebell. 75 ; C. Tomasini, 212 ; C. turbinata, 40, 217 ; C. turbinata and carpatica, 154 ; C. urticasfolia flore- pleno, 116 ; C. Van Houttei x , 40, 304, 473 Campanulas, hy.bndismg, 180, 276, 297 ; Mr. Brockbank's notes on, 74, 167 Canadian notes, 151 Candytuft, Biddies new white Rocket, 210 Candytufts, notes on, 198 Canned fruit trade in San Francisco. 50 Caoutchouc, gathering, in Central Amer- ic3. 375 Cape Town Botanic Garden, 333 IV The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. Caraguata Fiirstenbergiana, 121 ; C. san- guinea, 600, 716, 760 Carbolic acid and leaf fungiis, 496 Carex ligerica, 781 Carnations and Picotees, S46, 278 ; Messrs. Veitch's, 73 ; new varieties of, 274. S39 ! ^"'^ Pansies at Pilrig Park, 505 Carnations, a new race of winter flower- ing, 630 Carnation and Picotee show, 148 ; new varieties of, raised by Mr. Dodwell, 118 Carnations, border, 146 ; German fancy, 176 Carnation Louisa Ashburton, 505 ; C. Mary Morris, 146 ; C. Miss Joliffe, 66« Carnation show at Slough, 153 Carnivorous plants, 818 Carrot, spiral growth of, 728 Carter & Co.'s nursery, 663 Caryopteris Mastacanthus, 428 Cassia marilandica, 341 Cattleya aurea, 366 ; C. Brymeriana, 492 ; C. calumniata, 786 ; C. Eldo- rado splendens, 275 ; C. E. ornata, 526 ; C, gigas, 404 ; C. gigas Sander- iana, 404 ; C. labiata, 372 ; C. labiata (autumn flowering), 722 ; C. Leopoldii, 142 ; Mossise vars., 372 ; C. Schro- deriana, 102 ; C. Skinneri alba, 667 ; C. superba splendens, 78, 142 ; C. superba, 722 ; C. Trianoe var. formosa, 498 ; C. triophthalma, 526 ; C. War- neri, 372 ; C. Whitei, 722 Cattleyas and Lselias, 530 Cattleyas from Mr, Percivall, 80 Cattleyas, large flowered, 372, 404 Ceanothus Marie Simon, 495 Cedars in Scotland, 148 Cedars, the, Harrow Weald, 264 Celosia pyramidalis, 504 Central America, the climate of, 558, 599 Centropogon Lucyanus, 821 Cephalonia, the vegetation of, 216 Cephaelis tomentosa, 41 Cereus giganteus in Arizona, 264 Cestrum nocturnum, 604, 757 Ceylon Botanic Gardens, 43 Chad Valley Nursery, indoor plants at the, 82 Chamberlain's. Mr., Orchids, 14 Chameleum luteum, 667 Charpentier, Mr., death of, 112 Chateau de Gonville, the, 199 Chatsworth, the French Garden at, 176 Cherries, notes on, 47 ; at Richmond, 18 ; on walls looking north, 820 Chester, burglaries at, 307 Cheshunt Nurseries, the, 426 Chien-dent, 790 China, Sandal-wood in, 146 Chinese Gesnerads, 16 Chiswick as it is, 423 ; Verbenas at, 375 ; notes from, 16 Chlorophytum Bowkeri, 697 Choisya ternata, 818 Chou de Burghley, 532, 539, 569, 603, 633, 666, 696, 728 ; de Gilbert, 569 Christmas flowers, 779 Christmas Rose, the great, 527 ; the true, 591, 604, 686 Chrysanthemum atratum, 217 ; C. Anto- nius, 733 ; C. (Jap. ) Boule d'Or, 695 ; C. coronarium, 375 ; C. corymbosum, 200 ; C. Golden Dragon, 820; C. Madame Desgrange, 604 ; C. LadySelborne, 569 ; C. segetum, 81, 116, 149; C. Triomphe de la Rue de ChS.telets. 728, 696 Chrysanthemum propagation, 663 Chrysanthemum prospects, 555 Chrysanthemum shows, the, 566, 635, 604 ; notes from the, 796 Chrysanthemum show schedules, 727 Chrysanthemum Society, a proposed Na- tional. 343. 377. 408. 598 Chrysanthemums at Messrs. C. Lee & Son's, 633 ; annual, 342 Chrysanthemums at Worksop Manor, 633 Chrysanthemums, cut, 603 ; early flower- ing, 504. 665 Chrysanthemums, notes on, 278 « Chrysanthemums, single, 729 ; summer- flowering, 339 ; notes on new varieties of, 63s Cienkowskia Kirkii, 83, 624 Cinchonas dying out in Ceylon, 701 Cinchona in Bengal, 370 Cinchona plantation at Gordon Town, 76 Cineraria alchemilloides, 697 Cinerarias, notes on, 87 Cistus crispus, 494 Clematis Jackmanni, 210; C, Jackmanni alba, 113 ; C. viorna coccinea, 146 Clerodendron fcetidum, 262 ; C. fragrans, 180 ; C. macrosiphon, 41, 147 ; C. tri- chotomum, 42S Clianthus Dampieri, 303 Clovenfords, Grape growing at, 86 Clover, red, on the fertilisation of, 623 Coccocypselum discolor, 306 Coelogyne barbata, 65S ; C. prtEcox tenera, 294 Coelogyne saJmonicolor, 328 Cochin China, the forest flora of, 758 Cochineal culture in Teneriffe, 66a Cochliostema Jacobianum, 567 Coffee, a substitute for, 758 Coffee-leaf disease, 470 Colchicum maximum. 408 Cole, Mr. G., presentation to, 566 CoUetia horrida, 504 Colonial notes. 21, 333, 430, 527, 561, 730 Colutea arborescens, 115 Committee, the Scientific, of the Royal Horticultural Society ; subjects brought before the :— ^cidium, 54 ; Anthurium Andreanum, 635 ; Cephalotaxus For- tunei, 634, 765 ; Cereus giganteus, 54 ; Convolvulus tricolor, 634 ; Ear-cockle of Wheat, 635 ; ergot, 765 ; insect egg- cases, 634 ; Mr. Jensen and the Potato disease, 634, 765 ; Lilies, coloured, 54 ; Narcissus viridiflorus, 634 ; Orchids in the open air, 635 ; packing for bulbs, 635 ; Picea pungens. 765 ; plants ex- hibited, 54 ; Plum root, hypertrophy of, 765 ; Rhododendron Maddeni, 54; sea- son and insects, the, 54 ; sclerotia of the so-called Potato disease. 634 Committees of the Royal Horticultural Society, the, 818 Comparettia falcata. on the geographical distribution of, 24 Composts, 263 Conifers, appearances connected with the growth of. 48 ; diseased, 504 ; harvest- ing the cones and seeds of, 371 Coniferous trees, weight of the seeds of, 38 Conna Hill, the gardens at, 504 Conservatories, arrangement of plants in, 496 Continental botanic gardens, 240 Convolvulus chrysorhizus, 601 ; C, minor, 437 ; C. Scammonia, 172 Coprosma lucida, 630 Corazon, ascent of the Volcano of. 244 Coreopsis lanceolata, 172 ; C. prseco-x, 217 Corisande's garden, 145 Cork Oak, growth of the, in New Zea- land, 147 Corn Exchange Rose show, the, ig Cornucopia, the, 408 Cornus sibirica, 791 Coronilla emeroides, 340 Corsican Pine, the, 764 Coryanthes maculata var. punctata, 303 Corry, Mr. T. H., death of, 202 Corjmocarpus laevigatus, 396 Cosbsea coccinea, 210 [178 Costa Rica, new vegetable products in, Cotoneaster congesta, 502 Cotton-seed oil, 76 Cotyledon edulis, 172 Covent Garden cricketers, 336 Covent Garden lifeboat, the, 630 Covent Garden Market, 112, 402, 598 Cranberries, 214 Crassula rubicunda, 697 Crataegus pyracantha, 534 ; C. nigra, 444 Cress, Australian and American, 180 Crewe, Rev. H. Harpur, death of, 347, 69s Crinum Hildebrandtii, 600 ; C, zeylani- cum var. reductum, 618 Crocus speciosus and Colchicum speci- osum, 472 ; C. speciosus, 428 ; C. val- licola, 370 Croton Van Oosterzeei, 752 Guerdon Hall, Lancashire, 362 Cupressus macrocarpa, 603, 633, 665, 697 Currants, low price of, 176 Curtis' Botanical Magazine, a general inde.x to, 149 Cycad, a new Indian, 556 ; Cycad, a new Mexican, 371 Cycad cone, a large, 403 Cycas Beddomei, 556 ; C. revoluta, 370 Cyclamen persicum, Mrs. Henry Little, 726 Cyclamens, a feast of, 631 ; at Messrs. Sutton's, 539 Cyperus alternifoHus, 818 Cyphomanda betacea, 725 Cypripedium barbatum var., 568 ; C. caudatum, 722 ; C. ciliolare, 46 ; C. Curtissi, 8 ; C. raacropterum, 294 ; C. Lawrenceanum, 142 ; C. longifolium, 722 ; C. macranthum, 46 ; C. melan- ophthalmum, 752 ; C. Robbeleni, 684 ; C. spectabiie, 46 ; C. tessellatura por- phyreum, 492 ; C. tonsum, 262 Cypripedium culture, 78 Cypripediums, monstrous, 72 Cypripedium hybrids, notes on, 754 Cyrtandra pendula, 70 Cyrtopera squalida, 722 Cytisus Adami, 818 Dabeocia polifolia, 341 Dahlias, bedding, 377, 473 ; novelty in, 538 ; in October, 468 ; single, 297. 328, 343, 428, 502 ; at South Kensington, 208, ; single, at South Kensington, 268 ; double, at South Kensington, 328 ; sportiveness in, 306 [310 Dahlia Show, the Grand National, 240, Dale, Samuel, 50 Dammara australis, 525 Darlingtonia californica, 114, 440, 504 Darwin's last words, 402 ; a tablet erected to the memory of, 818 Dasylirion glaucum, 210 ; D. glaucophyl- lum, 82 Davallia Mariesii in grotesque forms, 460 ; D. platyphylla, 792 Delphinium nudicaule, 502 Dendrobium cariniferum var. Wattii, S30 ; D. ciliatum breve. 328 ; D. Dearei, 14. 78 ; D. Draconis, 303 ; D. Farmer! aureum, 303 ; D. Leech- ianum, 568 ; D. lineari folium, 618 ; D. polycarpum, 492 ; D. revolutum, 568 Dendrobiums in vineries, 408 Dendrometer, Kay's, 702 Denny, Dr., the late, 534 Desmodium penduhflorum zz Lespedeza bicolor, 748 Dianthus superbus, 140 Dick, Mr. |. D.. presentation to, 598 Dickson, Prof. A., on Nepenthes pitchers, 812 Dictamnus Fraxinella, 21 Didymoplexis pallens, no Digraphis arundinacea, 176 Dimorphanthus mandshuricus, 630 Dionsea Muscipula, 72 Dioon spinulosum, 371, 624 Diotis candidissima, 232 Dipladenia profusa, 568 Disease of Lettuces, 600 Distinctness, what is, 503 Ditton Park, the Peach-wall at, 146, 684 Dobson, Mr. T., presentation to, 471 Dodwell, Mr. E. S., portrait of, 117 Dogmersfield Park, 463 Doronicum hybridura. 154 ; D. plantagi- neum var. excelsum, 230, 297 Double grafting, 664 Dracasna latifolia, 697 ; D. Smithii, 597 Dracocephalum austriacum, 50 Drayton Beauchamp, a pilgrimage to, 695 Drought effects, 304 Dry weather flowers, 278 Duraortier, 694 Dundee Horticultural Society, 500 Dutch garden, plan of a, 269 Duvalia angustiloba, 230 EcHiNOPS ruthenica, 210 Echinospermum marginatum var. mac- ranthum, 568 Eckford's new Sweet Peas, 264 Edging tiles, artificial. 445 Edible fungi, 135 Edinburgh notes, 462, 666 Education, horticultiu^l, 370 Elasocarpus cyaneus, 624 Elche, the Palm forest at, 16 Elwanger, Mr. H. B., death of, 274 Embelia Kraussii, 697 E7icyclop(sdia Americana, 51 Ensilage in America, 74 Ensilage, a mould on, 781 Entomological notes, 82 Epidendrum Brassavolas, 206 ; E. iono- centrum, 8, 658 ; E. pseudepidendrum, 658 Epidendrum, list of the cultivated species of, 42, 152, 204, 244, 477, 573, 606, 634 Epipactis rubiginosa, 84 Epiphyllum truncatum, 655, 794 Epping Forest, 332 Equisetum giganteum, 237 Eranthemum borneense, 121 Erica Cavendishiana, 596 Erigeron mucronatum, 472 Eritrichium strictum, 172 [40 Erodium macradenium, 40 ; E. Reichardi, Eryngium Bourgati, 115 Erythrochiton hypophyllanthus, 726 Escallonia Phillippiana, 444 Eschscholtzia Rose Cardinal, 151 Essex Field Club, 273 [618 Eucaljrptus in Malaga, 242 ; in Spain, Eucalyptus, seed-vessels of, 464 Eucharis amazonica, on the culture of, 395, 408, 632 Eucharis, the flowering of, 378 Eucomis bicolor, 7S6 ; E. punctata, 503 Eugenia apiculata, 726 Euonymus sports, 793, 818 Euphorbia canariensis, 628 Euryale ferox, 275 Events of the year, 816 Everlasting Peas, 117 Exhibition prospects, 566 Fairy flowers, 818 ; rings, 283 Falconer. Mr. W., 630 Fawke's improved wall tree cover, 300 Fences, slate, 364 Fenham Nurseries, the, 589 Fenland, the, 165 Fernery, a natural, in New Zealand, 151 ; a novel, at Benwell, 697 Ferns, North American. 178 ; Japanese, in grotesque forms, 460 ; of Socotra, 178 ; tree, at the Birmingham Botanic Garden, 51 ; raising plants from spores, 819 Ferriby Brook Nursery, 654 Ferri^res, the gardens at, 392 Fig, Brown Turkey, at Penrhyn Castle, 405 Figs, why they cast their fruit, 22 ; seed- ling, 86 Findlay, Mr. Bruce, 662 Fire at Stourbridge, 694 Fir trees, grafted, 148 Fixtures, the law of. 309 ; tenants', 632, 665, 696, 730. 760 Fleming, Mr. John, death of, 700 Floore House, Weedon, 330 Flora of Brecon, 242 ; of British India, 50 ; of Socotra, the, 719 Floral decorations, 172 Floral fireplaces, loi Florida, Orange trees in, 564 ; tree growth in, 575 Florists' flowers : seasonable notes, 302, 429, 509, 606, 701, 763 Flower-bed, a mixed, 569 Flowering, premature, 566, 598, 628 Flower market for the Thames Embank* ment, 592 Flower shows, successful, 208, B44 ; trade groups at, 80 ; on exhibiting wild flowers at, 208, 230 Flower vases, illustrations of some new 560 Flowers and their pedigrees, 692 ; autumn, 631 ; blue, bees and, 538, 570, 593 ; for cutting,44o ; dry weather, 278; fairy, 818; fertilisation of, by snails and slugs, 266; hardy at Grasmere, 7 ; for Christmas, 779 ; for harvest festivals, 470 ; how they are modified, 395 ; insect visits to, 263 ; summer in November, 663 ; wild, on double, 20 ; wild, at horticul- tural exhibitions, 149, 245 Footpath, altering a public, 409 Force of growth, 400 Forcing shrubs, 468 Forecoiu-ts, 338 Forest administration, 327 Forest conservation in America, 656 Forest flora of South Australia, 564 Forest work for July. 25; August, 142; September, 278 ; October, 473 ; No- vember, 572 ; December, 730 Forests, Algerian, 219 ; hailstorms and, 279 ; Indian, 540 ; Irish, 540 Forestry Exhibition, the International, 309. 334. 437. 797 Forestry, instruction in, 497 ; fluctuations in, 366 ; Sir J. Lubbock on a school of 182 Formosa, Podophyllum in, i6 Fowls, the "gapes " in, 274 Fox covert, 670 Freaks of variegation, 18 French floral gum, 16 French horticulture. 623 French Horticultural Societies, Federation of, 50 Fritillaria pallidiflora, 624 Frog and grubs, 119 Frost in Central India, 694 Fruit crop of 1883, the, 133, 136 ; re- marks on the, 169 ; caprices of the weather as illustrated by the, 215 ; in Midlothian, 213 ; in Yorkshire, 342 ; in July. 21 ; and the gale in September, 308 Fruit culture, hardy, in the North of Scotland, 748, 782 Fruit, gathering, ripening and keeping, Fruit packing competition at South Ken- sington, the, 19 Fruit prospects, next year's, 502 Fruit show of the Woolhope Club at Hereford, 572 Fruit spurs, 537 Fruits of all countries, the, 18 Fruits, graft- changed, 729 ; at the Royal Aquarium, 662 ; insects injurious to, 102 Fruit tree borders, on cropping, 428 Fruit tree culture on poor soils, 460 Fruit trees in the suburbs, 113 ; in the London nurseries, 404 ; in suburban niu-series, 426 ; double grafting, 761 ; planting, 604 ; transplanting, 440 ; pruning and cleaning, 762 Fuchsia exoniensis, 560, 604 ; and coral- lina, 604. 632, 664, 696, 728 ; F. Madame ComeUisen, 367 Fuchsias, Mr. Lye's, 243 Fungi, edible, 135 ; on foreign Grape Vines in America, 630 ; parasitic, 625 Fungi, yeast, 203 Fungus foray at Coed Coch, 535 Fungus, the Lilac, the resting-spores of the, 439 ; pinewood, 566 Furniture, Venetian, 243 The Gardeners* Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 29, 181 Gaillardia Lorenziana, 343 Galactites tomentosa, 82 Galanthus, notes on the species of, 728 Galeandra Harveyana, 716 Galeola altissima, iii Galtonia (Hyacinthus) candicans from seed, 343 Game coverts, how to form, 792 Gamochlamys heterandra, 697 Gardenias, on the management of, 603, 63 s. 697 Garden, plan of a Dutch, 269 Gardeners to the rescue, 587 Gardeners on their travels, 112 Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, 19, 21, 148, 180, 240. 631, 788 ; a plan for increasing its income, 52 Gardeners' societies, 600, 629 Gardens, the water supply of 506,, 538 Gardening in Northumberland, 782 ; and the poor, 747 Garrya and Aucuba, affinity of, 50 Gateshead public parks, 653 Gazania longiscapa, 77, 471 Geneva, travelling notes from, 362 Genista cetnensis, 83 ; G. elata, 83 ; G. fiorida, 114 Gentiana afifinis, 309 ; G. Andrewsi, 428 ; G. arvernensis, 40 ; G, calycosa, 341 ; G, oniata, 396 George, Mr. James, 114 Geranium argenteum, 140 Gerrardanthus tomentosus, 568 Gesnerads, Chinese, 16 Geums, hybrid, 408 Gilia aggregata, 146, 275 Ginger, mock, 694, 793 Ginger Mushroom, what is the? 633, 662 Gladiolus Colvillei albus, 140 Gladioli, new varieties of, 210, 272 ; the finest and latest, 569 ; the winter treat- ment of, 505 Glasgow, notes around, 23 Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 389, 619 ; Sarracenias at, 117 ; Todeas at, 53 Glass shelters for the flower garden in the North, 402 Glazing, on the modern method of, 652, 727, 794, 820 Gloxinias as cut flowers, 242 ; in 6o- sized pots, 376 Glyphosperma Palmeri, 624 Goethea strictiflora, 428 Gold fish, 243 Goodyera discolor, 790 Gordon Town Cinchona plantation, 76 Government plants, 500 Grafting, double, 664 ; natural, 528 Grammanthes gentianoides, 149 Grammato carpus volubilis, 175 Grange, the, Mr. Smee's garden at the, 170 Grape, Alnwick Seedling, on setting, 52 ; Abercairney Seedling, 495 ; Golden Queen, 603 ; Muscat of Alexandria and Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat, 727 ; the Winter King, 667, 729 Grape growing, amateur, 272 ; at Cloven- fords, 86 ; in Jersey, 11 ; the extension system, 819 Grape and Melon growing at Mr. Ladds', 534 Grape Vines in America, fungi on, 630 Grapes, packing for market, 53 Grasmere, hardy flowers at, 7 Grass and Clover crops, the, 304 Grass, Isaria, disease of, 664 Grass land, the Rothamsted experiments with, 144, 176 Grasses, ornamental, 54 Gray, Mr. James, death of, 700 Greenhouse, cool, spring bulbs for, 362, 394. 430 Greenhouse plants outside, 277 Greenhouses, the rating of, 45 Grevillea macrostyla, 815 ; G. punicea, 121 Grindelia grandifiora, 239 Growth, force of, 400 Gustavia gracillima, 276 Guzmannia Devansaya, 568 ; G. Meli- noni, 727 Gypsophila cerastoides, 568 " Habit," what is ? 793 Hailstonns and forests, 279 Hamamelis virginica, 730 Hampton Court Gardens, 330 Handcross Park, 653 Handsworth Nursery, the, 494 Hardy plants which do not encroach, 205 Hardwick Hall, Shropshire, 496 Harvest Jestival flowers, 470 Hay Lodge, plants at, 375 Hazel cultivation in Trebizond, 687 Heaths at Kingston, 597 ; hardy, 306, 338, 394 Heating by acetate of soda, 541 Heckfield Place Gardens, 274 Hedges, useful and ornamental, 232 Hedychium coronarium, 206 Hedychium, a new hybrid, 492, 539 Hedychiums planted out, 114 Hedysarum multijugum, 624 Heimia salicifolia, 306 Helenium pumilum, 212 ; M. tenui- folium, 305 Hellebonis niger altifolius, 527, 591, 686, 762 Herbert's Afnaryllidacea;, 86 Herefordshire Pomona, the, 532 Hibberd, Mr. Shirley, portrait and memoir of. 299, 336 Holiday, notes of a short August, 360, 391 Hollyhocks, single, 213 Honduras, Mahogany in, 147 Honeysuckle, 121 Hong-kong, notes from, ai; Hop " Condition," 472 Hop crops, the, 187 Hoplophytum calyculatum, 791 Horse Radish cultivadon, 696 Horticultural education, 370 Horticulturists, honours to, 564 Horton, Milton's house at, 229 Hotbeds, on the making and uses of, 724 Hoya linearis sikkimensis, 8 Hyacinth disease, 235, 308 Hyacinth pots, new, 505 Hyacinths at Haarlem, 376 ; sorts of, grown for market, 402 Hybrid Raspberry, the, 12 Hydrangeas, on the change of colour in, 472. 504. 538 Hypericum reptans, 341 ; H. sinense, 12 I Iberis gibraltarica hybrida, 213 Ilex dipyrena, 790 Impatiens Sultani, '309, 820 ; as a bed- ding plant, 183 Imposters, garden, 632, 664 India, bee-keeping in, 342 Indian forests, 540 Indigo in Nicaragua, 758 Insecticides, 819 ; and the Vine louse, 274 Insecdvorous plants out-of-doors, 171 Insects and their food, 471 Insects, improved method of spraying trees for protection against, 659 Insects injurious to fruits, 102 Insect visits to flowers, 263 International Exhibition, 1884, 663 ; St. Petersburg, 663 International Health Exhibition, 725 International Forestry Exhibition, 667 Ipomsea filicaulis, 370 ; I. Horsfallise alba, 694^1. Thomsoniann, 818 Ireland, the re-afforestation of, 109, 400, 472 Irish agricultural statistics, 274 Irish forests, 540 Irish garden notes, 444 Iris alata, 604 ; I. ochroleuca and Mon- nieri, 232 ; Iris tectorum, 231 ; I. vari- egata, hybrids of with I. pallida, 373 Irises, notes on, 331, 373, 406 ; on a new, from the Himalayas, 231 ; on some hybrid, 331 ; hybrids of I. balkana with I. cengialti, 406 Isaria, disease of grass, 664 Ismenes, the, 114 Ivies, a few fine, 83 Ixora Duffii, 340, 472 jAMArcA, native bread of, 408 Japanese work on systematic botany, 305 Iasione montana, 306, 342 asminum floribundum, 624 ava, vegetable products of, 394 ensen, Mr., on the Potato disease, 103 ensenian method of Potato culture, 696, 719. 751 Jersey, agriculture and horticulture in, 262 ; Grape cultivation in, 11 ; Tomato culture in, 37 ; a fruit show in, 564 Jersey Gardener, the, 402 Judging at horticultural exhibitions, 378 Juncus zebrinus=:Scirpus Tabernsemon- tani, 168 Jurinea alata, 12 Kale, yellow corn, 86 Kalmia andromedifolia, 494 Kay's dendroraeter, 702 Keele Hall, notes from, 720 Kent, Pear growing in, 812 Ketton Hall, the gardens at, 150 Kew, herbaceous garden at, 86 ; the lake at, 788 Kew Palace and the Seven Sisters, 336 Kieft", gardening and agriculture at, 508, 690 Kind, variety, sort, 791 Kiosk, the, in Regent's Park, 593 Kleinia neriifolia, 697 Kniphofia Leichtlinii, 624 Koellikeria argyrostigma, 147 Kueichow and Yiinan, notes of a journey through, 234 " Kumara," the, a new vegetable, 601 Labels, garden, 633, 820 Labourers' cottages and gardens in Ireland, 632 Lace bonnets, 50 Lcelia autumnalis atrorubens, 690 ; L, elegans, 402 ; L. elegans Houtteana, 526 ; L. elegans prasiata, 303 ; L. Perrinii, 562; L. Veitchianax, 142; L. Wyattiana x , 426 Laing »& Co.'s nursery. Forest Hill, 661 Lancashire Cotton Mill Flower Show, 296 Lancashire garden, notes from a, 329 Lapageria alba, 306, 727 ; L. rosea, 245 Lapagerias, 377, 569 ; notes on, 538 Larch, the, 756 Larch tree struck by lightning, 473 Lasiogrostis calamogrostis, 173 Lathyrus Davidii, 624 ; L. Drummondi, 40 ; L. rotundifolius, 307 ; L, tuberosus, 179 Lavatera arborea variegata, 242 ; L. tri- mestris, 172 Law note : The rating of greenhouses, 45 Leaves, the perforation of, 178 Lespedeza bicolor, 495, 748 (as Desmo- dium penduliflorum) Lettuce disease, the, 600 Leucoium hyemale, 600 Leycesteria formosa, 665, Liatris pycnostachya, 624 Licuala grandis, 624 Lightning, effect of, on trees, 541 Ligustrum ovalifolium, 426 Lilac fungus, the resting-spores of the. 439 Lilacs tor forcing, 632 Lilies, the uses of, 277 ; Tarquin and his, 214 Lilium auratum, fine home-grown bulbs of, 534 ; L. a. sun v. shade for, 214, 276, 408, 603 ; L. candidum, 818 ; L. croceum, 75 ; L. elegans, 75 ; L. Han- soni, 75 ; L. Harrisi, 52, 81; L. Leicht- hni, 7 ; L. longiflorum, 7 ; L. mona- delphum, 75; L. pardalinum, 75 ; L. p. var. Bourgjei, 76 ; L. p. var. californi- cum, 75 ; L. p. var. pallidiflorum, 75 ; L. Parryi, 7 ; L. peregrinum, 115 ; L. Humboldd, 39 ; L, Washingtonianum, 39 Liliums in flower, 7, 39, 75 Lily culture, progress in, 107 Lima Bean, the, 790 Lime tree of Prilly, 528 Limnanthemum nymphasoides, 178 Linaria alpina, 84 ; L. cymbalaria major, 84 ; L. saxatilis, 233 ; L. thymifoUa, 538 ; L. triornithophora, 179 Lindley Library, the, 765 IJnnaea boreahs, 19 Linnean Society, the, 534 Linnasus, Nuttall, and Gray, 468 Linseed, white, 727 Linum trigynum, 409 Lisianthus Russellianus, 428 Littonia Keiti, 51 Liverpool Horticultural Company, 274 Lobelia pumila magnifica, 367 Local board, the troubles of a, 50 Locusts in Asia Minor, 759 London Parks, the, 276 ; Roses, 113 Lourea vespertilionis, 275 Lucorabe, Pince & Co., 660 Lycaste Harrisonise eburnea, 803 ; L. Smeeana, 198 Lychnis flos-cuculi plena, 217 ; L. ves- perdna plena, 217 Lycoperdon sculptum, 570 M Macrozamia Denisoni, a large cone of, 403 Madras Agri-Horticultural Society, 83 Magallana porrifolia, 364 Magnoha Lennei, 572 ; M, Soulangeana nigra, 572 Mahogany in Honduras, 147 Malva moschata alba, 632 Malvastrum calycinum, 83 Manchester, a botanical meeting at, 6 Manchester public parks, 717, 750 Manchester Horticultural Mutual Im. provement Society, 629 Mandevilla suaveolens, 82, 275, 308, 343 Mango season in India, 534 Manilla, tobacco in, 58 Manures, unexhausted, compensation for, 359 Marigold Meteor, 534 Marigolds, dwarf French, 502 Market Gardeners, Nurserymen, and Farmers' Association, 471 Martynia fragrans, 274 Masdevallia brevis, 588 ; M. calura, 230 ; M. Carderi, 181 ; M. Davisii, 431, 498; M. GaskeUiana, 294 ; M. geminata, 294 ; M. Harryana var. miniata, 752 ; M. marginella, 38 ; M. infracta pur- purea, 460; M. racemosa, 465; M. racemosa Crossii, 691 ; M. Reichen- bachia var. aurantiaca, 360 ; M. tovar- cnse, 814; M. trichaete, 360 Maurandya erubescens, 500 Mauve, the colour of, »8a Maxillaria irrorata, 102 ; M. varicosa, 392 Meconopsis nepalensis, 603 Medinilla Curtisii, 468, 621 Melon Benham Beauty, 242 ; the Good- wood, 182 Melon growing, 116, 245 Melons, new, 277, 343, 409 ; in Decem- ber, 794 Melon seed necklets, 726 Mesembryanthemum violaceum, 50 Methven, 811 Metrosideros buxifolia, 371 Mexican Orchids, 14 Mexico, tree planting in, 179 Michaelmas Daisies, 473, 502 Michauxia campanuloides, 115 Mignonette, Mr. James' strain of, 343 ; on transplanted, 210 Millet, the red, 724 Milton's house at Horton, 229 Miltonia Warscewiczii var. xanthina, 812 Milverton, a fine Sweet Bay at, 117 Mimulus, arrangement of the flowers of, 338 Mimulus cupreus, 113 ; M. radicans, 21 Mirabilis multiflorus, 84 Miramar, the castle of, 528 Mistleto trees, 664 Mitchella repens, 82 Mock Ginger, 694 Montbretia rosea, 370 Monkshood, bees and, r8i, 213, 299 Monochoria cyanea, 340 Monnina obtusifolia, 625 Moot, the, near Sahsbury, 200 Morocco, drought in, 275 Morina Coulteriana, 275 Morus alba, 403 Mould on ensilage, 781 Mountain Ash berries, how to preserve, 472 Mount Merrion, Orchids in bloom at, 366 Mucuna imbricata, 340, 370 Mulleins, notes on, 148 Muntham Court gardens, 336 Mushroom growing, 39 Mushrooms, eatable and poisonous, 752 Mushrooms in the Green Park, 339; in the open air, 439 " My Garden," 170 Myrobalan Plum, a double-flowered, 528 N Narcissus Bulbocodium, 460 ; N. viridi- florus, 631, 664, 728 Natal Botanic Garden, 334 Nature, variations in, 598 Nectarine Humboldt, 308 ; Humboldt and Darwin, 495 ; Humboldt and others, 567 Neottia Nidus-avis, 666 Nepenthes bicalcarata, 472 Nepenthes, seedling, 472 ; Mr. Ratcliffs, 18 ; Prof. Alexander Dickson on ihe pitchers of, 812 Nerine crispa, 604 ; N. filifolia, 604 Nerines, 428 Newcastle parks and gardens, 590 New Zealand, the Southern Alps of, 235, 267, 299 ; growth of the Cork Oak in, 147 ; a natural fernery, 151 ; the naturahsed plants of the Auckland dis- trict, 179 ; the naturalised weeds of, 340 New Zealand plants, 430 ; Veronicas, 375 Nice, International Exhibition at, 208, 400. 437 Nicotiana affinis, 438 Nitrogen of soils, the, 293 Nomenclatiu-e, novelties in, 305, 377 ; pomological, 470 North's, Miss, pictures, 564 Northumberland, gardening in, 782 Nothoscordum flavescens, 697 Notobasis syriaca, 147 Notospartium Carmichaeliae, 169 Nottingham gardens, the, 274 VI The G&rdeners' Chronicle, INDEX. LBecemter ftg, 1883. Novelties at flower shows, 214 Nowton Court, the gardens at, 557 Nupbar advena, 82, 556, 728 Nursery stock, sales of, 628 Nutmeg gatherer, a, 116 NymphDsa alba var. rosea, 83 ; N. alba var. rubra, 114; N. Lotus Ortgiesiana, 575 ; N. odorata, 625 Obekonia iridifolia, 66-^ Obituakv ;— Absolon, Mrs., 154; Berry, Mr. G., 347 ; Cargill, Mr. John, 510 ; Crewe, Rev. H. H., 347 ; Fleming, Mr. John, 701 ; Gellatly, Mr. T., 477 ; Gray, Mr. James, 700 ; Heer, Prof. O., 509 ; Heyer, Dr. Gusiav, 121 ; Hooper, Mr. H., 477; Howard, Mr. y. E.. 701 ; Laing, Mr. John, 575 ; Mackintosh, Mr.R. T., 249 ; Paterson, Mr. H. M., 154; Youell, Mr. W., 701 Odontoglossum Alexandrce, 691, 754 ; O. Alexandras virginale, 307 ; O. bictonen^e, 786 ; O. elegans, 752 ; O. grande, 594 ; O, hebraicum, 206 ; O. crispum var. Lehmanni, 395 ; O. lepi- dum, 526 ; O. Leeanuni, 303 ; O. CErstedti, 658 ; O. Pescatorei van, 563 ; O. Pescatorei Schroderianum, 388 ; O. Ruckerianum splendens, 8 ; O. Roezlii, 143, 690 ; O. Sanderianum, 814 ; O. Schlieperianum, 135 ; O. va- ricosum, 437 ; O. vclleum, 19S ; O. vexillarinm Hiliianum, 206 ; O. War- ner i, 206 Odontoglossums and Masdevallias at Mr. Winn's, 14 CEnothera Fraserii, 84 ; CE. speciosa, 40 ; GE. tenella, 170 ; CE. Youngii, 84 Oncidium candidnm, 233 ; O, concolor, 625 ; O. cucullatum, 814; O. eurycline, 812 ; O. flcxuosum, 498 ; O. Forbesii, 303 ; O. Jonesianum, ySr ; O. litum, 328 ; O. Papilio var. Eckhardti, 752 ; O. nigratum, 8 ; O. trifurcatum, 556 ; O. varicosum, 437 ; O. vexillarium, 786 ; O. Warneri, 206 Onion, a new, 567 ; a variegated, 576 ; the Zittauer, 245, 277 Onions, Continental, at Chiswick, 215 ; in Servia, 759 ; on thinning, 20 ; under- ground, 402 Ononis natrix, 210 Open spaces in towns. 717 Opliiopogon jaburan i^ol. aureo var., 428 Opantia Pccppigi, 667 ; O. Segethi, 667 ; O. tunicata, 246 Orange trees in Florida, 564 Orchard-houses, 117 Orchids and Nepenthes, at the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, 596 Orchid, an, with elongating pedicels, no Orchid pan, Sander's, 85 Orchids at Bocking Place, 562 ; British, and their cultivation, 202 ; at Burford Lodge, 621 ; at Cambridge. 786 ; at Downside, 536 ; at Silverdale Lodge, 465 ; Australian, 722 ; culture of in Central America, 599 ; Dr. Boddaert's, 400; Mr. Bull's, 81 ; hardy, 85 ; hybrid, 14 ; in bloom at Mount Merrion, 366 ; in the City, 695 ; in flower, sales of, 562 Orchids, li :t of garden— Epidendrums, 42, 152, 204, 244, 477, 573, 606, 634 ; Major Lendy's, 270 ; Mr. Bonny's, 595 ; Mr. Chamberlain's, 14 ; Mr. Cypher's, 627; Mr. HoUington's, 334 ; Mr. Leech's. 46 ; Mexican, 14 ; more than 100 feet high, in ; Mr. Phil- brick's, 398 ; Mr. Pollett's, 786 ; Mr. Schneider's, 84 ; new, from New Zea- land, 142 ; notes from Trentham, 396 Orchids, Protheroe & Morris', sales of, 663 ; portraits of, 722 ; rare Central American, on the culture of some, 638 Orchids, the rational culture of. 558 ; unshaded, at York, 69 ; at Walton Grange, 334 Orchis Stabiana alba, 335 Orchis, the Bird's-nest, 666 Origanum dictamnus, 212 [148 Ornamental water in St. James" Park, Orniihogalum arabicum, 667 ; O. gra- cile, 506 Orobus lathyroides, 17 Osmanthus aquifolius, 604 ; O. fragrans, 662 ; O. myrtifolius, 494 Oteley Park, EUesniere, 216 Ottelia ovalifolia, 181 Oxalis crenata, 726 ; O. luteola, 276 ; O. tuberosa, 625 Oxford, the Professor of Botany at, 662 ; the Professorship of Rural Economy at, 694 Pachira macrocarpa, 147 Palava flexuosa, 274 Palm Cabbages, the, in British Guiana, 574 Palm forest at Elche, the, 16 Palumbina and Thunia, 270 Pampas-grass, 694 Panax fruticosum var. Deleauanum, 625 Pancratium speciosum, 760 Pansies, fancy, in the mass, 33S Pansies. Scotch, 181 ; seedling, 146 Papaver umbrosum, 146, 148 ; I', um- brosum f!ore-pleno, 235 Paper. Chinese Joss. 305 Paraffin as an insecticide, 178 Paraguay Flora, liie, 630 ; useful plants in, 215 Parasitic fungi, 625 Parcels' Post, plant boxes, K,-^, 176 ; regu- lations, 563 Pardanthus chinensis, 275 Parrya nudicaulis, 625 Paul & Sons' hardy plant nursery, 10 Pea, British Queen, as a late sort, 505 ; Latest of All, 342 ; Laxton's Standard, 213 ; a new, 242 ; a new American, 790 ; Walker's perpetual bearer, 471 Pea, Sweet, Adonis, 662 ; Carmine Rose, 211 Peas, early, 20, 790, S20 ; everiasling, 117 ; late, 632, 665, 697, 728, 820 Peas, new garden, at Boreatton Park, 293 Peas, Sweet, Eckford's new, 264 Peach, Early Chevalier, 47 ; Golden Eagle, . 752 ; Lady Palmerston, 341 ; Sea Eagle, 495 Peach curl, the, 367 Peach growing at the Larches, Preston, 341 Peach tree planting, 405 Peach wall at Ditton Park, 146, 684 Peaches in Lancashire, 408 Peaches, early. 206 Peaches and Nectarines, late, 439 ; small, 277 Pear, a graft changed, 603, 665 Pear, Beurre Bosc, 405 ; Doyenne de Ramegnies, 85 ; Margaret Marillat, 303 ; Muirfowl s Egg, 537. 567 ; Oli- vier de Serres, 537, 567 ; Triomphe de Tournai, 760 Pear foliage, Doyenn^ Boussoch, 603 Pear growing in Kent, 812 Pear tree, the results of moving a large, 406 Pear trees, tap-root pruning of old, 377 Pears and birds, 470, 538 Pelargonium and Geranium, hybrids be- tween the, 52 Pelargonium disease, 403, 440 Pelargonium Endlicherianum, 212, 239 ; Fairest of the Fair. 507; P. (zonal). Erl King, 790 ; P. Henri Jacoby, 694 ; P. Indian Yellow, 367 Pelargoniums, market, 695 Pelargonium;, scarlet, old plants of, 338 Pelargonium Society, the, 758 Pelargoniums, zonal, cuttings of, 628 ; in December. 759 ; new, 822 PcUionia Daveauana, 625 Pentas carnea, 440 Pentstemon labrosus, 536 PL^jjpL-r and Betel-nuts in Sumatra, 50 Peristeria ephippium, 198 Peronospora ganglioniformis, 600 ; P. parasitica, 625 Petunia, a yellow, 660 Peziza disease of Potatos, 664 Pezza postuma, 333 Phacelia canipanularia, 135, 213. 625 Phaius albus var. flavolinctus, 334 PhalEenopsiscornu-cervi. 530 ; l-*. amabilis and P. Schilleriana, 722 ; P. Sanderiana, no ; P. Sanderiana var. marmorata, 8i2 ; P. violacea, 530 ; P. Valentini, 262 Phalaris arundinacea, 144 Phojnix acaulis, 760 Phcenix fronds, 694 Philageria Veitchii, 726 Phillyrea Vilmorensi?, 494 Philodendron Mamei. 752 Phlomis Leonurus, 373 Phloxes, herbaceous, 377 Phormium tenax, ripening seed-capsules in the open air, 668 Phylloxera laws, the. 437, 500, 506, 534 ; in Holland, the, 696 Phylloxera, the, 261 Picea pungeus, 725 Pickles, new, 147 Picotee, the yellow, S22 Pinettim Briiaiinicum, completion of the, 471 Pine, the golden Austrian, 730, 785 Pine pollen, remarkable fall of, 112 Pinewood fungus, 566 Pinguicula hirtifolia, 727 Pink Madame Ed. Pynaert, 625 Pinus Banksiana, 503 ; P. Cembra, the odour of, 309 ; P. Laricio, 764, 815 ; P. L. var. Pallasiana, 785 ; P. latis- quama, 730 Plagiolirion Horsmanni, 38, 105 Planet, the price of a, 470 Planting, comparative advantages of autumn and spring. 667 ; in the district of the Chiltern Hills, 532 ; under trees as it should not be done, 470 ; on road- sides, 339 Plant and fruit-houses, the arrangement of, 210 Plants, alpine, 171 Plants and ants, tlie social life of, 71 Plants, arrangement of, in conservatories, 496 ; for the adornment of the dwelling, 403 ; diseases and injuries of, 566, 628 ; fertihsation of by snails, 439 ; flow- ering at Christmas. 821 ; for bogp, 116 ; garden names for, 443 ; half- hardy, growth of in Arran, 668 ; hardy, which do not encroach, 205 ; hardy, in high latitudes, 625 ; at Hay Lodge, 375 ; in flower at Diinrobin, 793 ; herbaceous, at the Chad Valley Nursery, 12 ; insectivorous, out-of- doors, 171 ; label for, a new, 633 ; new, certificated by the Royal Botanic So- ciety, 718 ; new, certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society, 750 ; new South American, 364 ; New Zealand, 440 i of Shakespeare, the, 5 ; some rare old, 141 ; three interesting, 277 ; useful in Paraguay, 215 ; wall, from an old garden, 402 ; wild, on Boxhill, 70 ; wild, of the Bristol district, 200 Plants, new garden, described :— Acro- stichum magnum, 135 ; Adiantum cune- atum deflexum, 716 ; A. cuneatum strictum, 526 ; A. Weigandi, 748 ; /Echmea Barleei, 102 ; At-rides Law- rencig^, 460 ; Anguloa Ruckeri retusa, 135 ; Calanthe anchorifera, 166 ; Ca- raguata sangninea, 716 ; Catlleya Bry- meriana. 492 ; C. Eldorada ornata, 526 ; C. Schrosderiana, 182 ; C. triophthal- ma, 526 ; Ccelogyne prcecox tenera, 294 ; C. salmonicolor, 328 ; Crinum zeylanicum var. reductum, 618 ; Cycas Beddomei. 556 ; Cypripodium Curtisii, 8 ; C. macropterum, 294 : C. Robbe- leni, 684 ; C, tessellatum porphyreum, 492 ; Cyrtandra pendula, 70 ; Davallia angustiloba, 230 ; Dendrobium ciliatum breve, 328 ; D. linearifolium, 618 ; D. polycarpum, 492 ; Epidendrum iono- centrum, 8 ; Galeandra Harveyana, 716 ; Hedychium, a new hybrid, 492 ; Hoya Hnearis sikkimensis, 8 ; Lrelia elegans Houtteana, 526 ; L. Wyatii- ana x , 426 ; Lycaste Smeeana, -198 ; Masdevallia brevis, 588 ; JNL cahira, 230 ; M. Gaskelliana, 294 ; ^L gem- mata, 294 ; RL marginella, 38 ; ^L Reichenbachia var. aurantiaca, 360 ; M. trichoete, 360 ; Maxillaria irrorata, 102 ; M. varicosa, 392 ; Miltonia Warscewiczii var. xanlliina, 812 ; Odontoglossum lepidimi, 526 ; O. Pes- catorei Schrccderiana. 588 ; O. Ruckeri- anum splendens, 8 ; O. Schheperianum, 135 ; O. velleum, 19S ; Oncidium eurycline, S12 ; O. Jonesianum, 781 ; O. litum breve, 328 ; O. trifurcatum, 556 ; O, nigratum, 8 ; Peristeria ephippium, 19S ; Phacelia canipanularia, 135; Phalasnopsis Valen- tini, 262 ; P. Sanderiana var. marmo- rata, 812 ; Plagiolirion Horsmani, 38 ; Promensea stapelioides heteropiera, 70 ; Pteris serrulata var. Pocockii, 426 ; Rodriguezia Lecana, 38 ; Saccolabium Witteanum. 61S ; Sarcanthus belo- phoras, 262 ; Salvia discolor, 588 ; Scilla livida, 166 ; Sigmatostahx mal- leifera, 360 ; Spa than theum heleran- drum, 70 ; Statice Sawarowii, 392 ; Slelis zonata, 556 ; Trichopilia Kienas- tiana. 166 ; Vanda hastil'era, 556 ; V. in- signis var Schrcederiana, 392 ; V. Rox- burghii var, W^righ liana, 262 ; Vanilla Pfaviana, 230 ; VVarscewiczella picta, 8 i Zygopetalum Burkei, 684 ; Z. forci- patuni, 360. Pleione hnmilis var. tricolor, 303 Pleroma Benthansianum, 428 Plumbago capensis, 728 Plumeria rubra, 147 Plum, Reiue Claude de Bavay, 244 ; Reine Claude Violctte, 244 Plum trees, diseases in, 338 Podophyllum in Formosa, 16 Poisoned soil, 208 Polyanthuses, Gold-laced, 763; Pearson's Alexander and Eckersley's black and gold, 796 Polygonum amphibium, 82 Polypodium vulgare var. trichomanoides, 102, 213 Pomological nomenclature, 470 Pomologj', the future of, 471 Poplar at Dijon, the big, 528 Poplar, the Lombardy, dying out in Ger- many, 570 Portuguese garden, a, 429 Potato, a new French, 534 ; a new species of, 596. 662 Potato, Mona's Pride, 181 ; the Welford Park Kidney, 408 Potato crop, the, 50, 53, 105, 149, 199, 558 ; and the disease, 115 Potato culture, 686; the J ensenian method of, 696, 719, 751, 795. 820 Potato disease, the, 85, 181, 333, 664, 763 ; Mr. ]ensen on the, 103, 795 ; Mr. Murray on the, 698 ; Mr, Murray's lecture on the, 729, 751, 795 ; protective moulding, 116, 376 Potato, the produce of one, 728 Potato Show, the International, 304 ; statistics from the, 309, 437 Potatos, big, 244; cooked, 726; notes on, 272 ; new kinds of, 365 ; prolific, 219 ; protective mouMing. 116, 376 ; rein- ■ vigoratcd, 41 ; on serving up, 763. 794 Pothos celatocaulifi, 625 Powerscourt, Viscount, on the reafforesta- tion of Ireland, 109 Pratia arenosa, -^ot^ Primula floribunda, 600 ; obconica, 52, 460 ; P. suffrutescens, 40 Primulas, Chinese, 726 ; at South Ken- sington, 759 ; new Asiatic. 665 Primroses, double, 19 ; thrum-eyed, 86, 14S Prinos glaber, 115 Prize schedules, 535 Progress in Lily culture, 107 Proliferous athyria, 783 Promenrea stapelioides heteroptera, 70 Proteaceous seed-vessels, 683 Protecting plants, 729 Protomyces macrosporu^, 338 Protoplasm, the conlinuiiy of, 50 Prunes in Belgrade, 790 Prunus jacquemonti, 114;. P. Pissardi, 444, 472, 504, 625 ; P. triloba, 266 Psidium Cattleyanum or Guava, 402 Psychotria cyanococca, 753 Pteris serrulata var. Pocockii, 426 Pterocarya caucasica, 472 Public, a discerning, iS Puccinia mixta, 52 Pumpkins grown in New Zealand, 403 Punjab agri-horticultural gardens, 730 Pyracantha berries, 596 Pyrus aria var. scandica, 52 ; P. Maulei, 534 ; P- p^nnalifida, 492, 603 Quince, the. and its cultivation, 760 Quinces in sugar, 541 Quinces, steued, 541 Raasay, the gardens at, 619 Rabbits as a food supply, 50 Railway rates, 272 Rain gauges grads, 598 Rauunculii5es in pols, 504 Raspberry, the hybrid. 12, 150. 214, 276, 3|2 Raspberry, a curious case of disease in a, 144 Raspberry grub, the, 752 Rating of greenhouics, the, 45 Redwood, the, 457 Refuginm Botaiiicum, completion of the, 62S ; list of plants figured in the, 766 Regel, Dr. Albert von. in Bokhara, 113 Regent's Park, the new refieshment pavilion in. 593 Reliance rotary valve, the, 149 Renandicra Lowi as grown at Ferriires, Rhamnus libanotica, 600 Rhaponticum cynaroides, 211 Rheca fibre cleaning machine, 694 Rheum hybridum " Florenliii," 600 Rhododendron Marchioness, 437 ; R. Nuttalli, 43 ; R. puctalum, 20 ; a hybrid, 329 Rhododendron pondcum and poisonous honey. 793 Rhododendrons, are lh':y poisonous ?, 763. 793.819. 820 Rhus Colinus, 377 Rhubarbs, new hjbrid, 459 Ribbon-grass, 213 Roadside gardens, 114 ; planting, 339 Roadside trees in Belgium, 694 Rock garden, Mr. Whitehead's, 396 Rockwork in IMiller Park, Preston, 370 Rodgersia podophylla. 140 Rodriguezia Leeana, 38 Root growth, 728 Rosa alpina, 625 ; R. Brunoniana, 178 ; R. lucida flore-pleno, 41 ; R. multi- flora, 275, 308 Rose culture in pots, 40 Rose, an old, 145 Rose Cramoisie sup^rieure, 752 ; R. Her Majesty, 81 ; R. Louise Odier, 41 ; R. Mar^chal Niel, 569 ; R. Queen of Queens, 208 ; standard of Joan of Arc, 731 ; R, Tea, Simset, 725 Rose pudding, how to make, 243 Rose stock, a new, 114 The Gardeners* Chronicle,] INDEX. [December zg, 1883. vu Rosery, nutumn work in the, 560 ; after the fight, 236 Roses, Mr. Bennett's pc ligrec, 83 ; climbing, 237 ; in December, 758 ; London, 113 ; notes on new, 462 ; old and new, 374, 406 ; on Tweedside, 588 ; planting and manuring, 731 ; i)ropa- gating by cuttings, 300 Ross, Mr. S., presentation to, 532 Kotlianisted experiments on grass-lands, 176 Royal Botanic Society's annual meetings, 243 Koyal Horticultural Society, the Com- mittees of the, Si8 Royal Botanic Society's new corridor, 720 Rubbish. 820 Rulaus Leesii and the hybrid Raspberry, 27G ; R. odoratus, i^o ; R. phoenico- lasius, 276, 30S ; R. rosifolius coro- narius, 41 Ruscus androgynus, Prof. Dickson on, 103 Rush, the banded, i63 Rata patavina, 140, 214, 245 S Sabbatia campestris, 298, 343 Saccolabium Berkeleyi, 46 ; S. Wittea- nuni, 618 Sagittaria sagittifolia, iii St. Helena, 502 St. James' Park, the ornamental water in, 148 St. Petersburg International Horticul- tural Exhibition, 663 Sales of nursery stock, 628 Salix triandra, 308 " Salting un in," 798 Salvia boliviana, 625 ; S. candelabrum, 12 ; S. discolor, 588 ; S. lantanifolla, 791 ; S. Ro2meriana, 371 Salvias, notes on, 695 Sambucus racemosa, 146 Samolns littoralis, 307 Sanchezia nobilis, 373 Sandal-wood in China, 146 Sandersonia auranti;ica, 146 Sander's Orchid-pan, S5 San Francisco, the canned frutt trade in, 90 Sanitarium, a national, 370 Sarcanthus belophorus, 262 Sarcocaulon Burmannii, 50 Sarcodes sanguinea, 264 Sarcopodium Dearci, loS Sarmienta repens, 600 Sarracenia grub, the, 656 Sarracenias at Glasnevin, 117 Sawbridgeworth Nurseries, the, 426 Saxifraga cortusifolia, 727 ; S. marginata, 121 Scabiosa graminifolia, 84 ; S. Hookeri Science, pure, 437 Scilla livida. 166; S, maritime, 84 Scirpus Tabernsemontani, 168 Schizostylis coccinea, 761 Scotland, Cedars in. 148 ; hardy fruit culture in the North of, 748, 782 Scropliularia aquatica variegata, 373 Scutellaria Lehmanni, 726 Seakale, on the cultivation of, G52 ; forcinf^ 730 Sedum populifolium. 239 ; S. spectabjle, 495 : Telephium Bordieri, 495 Seed crops, t!ie, 468 Seed trade, amenities of the, 242 Seed vessels, Australian, 688 Seeds, garden, the foreign crops of, 242 Seeds, on the germination of, 592 Seeds lying dormant, 666, 762 Seed trade oJ Aberdeen, the, 818 Selborne, a visit to, 715 Senecio concolor, js> 6^5 1 S. raacro- phylius, 115 Serapias cordigera, 12, 341, 375 Serra da Estrella, the, 502 Seven Sisters at Kew, the, 336 Shakespeare, the plants of, 5 Shakespeare Flora, Grindon's, 50 Sheffield, window gardening in, 306 Shelters and wind guards, 472 Shipley Hall, the gardens at, 211 Shrubs, flowering, 462 ; forcing, 468 ; hardy wall, 375 409 ; hardy, in the County of Wicklow, 53 Sidalcea malviflora, 12 Siemens, Sir C. W., death of, G60 Sigmatostalix malleifera, 360 Silenes, on the culture of, 622 Silo and ensilage, 794 Silos, or grain pits, 438, 633 Slate fences, 364 Slough, the Carnation show at, 153 Snails and slugs, fetilisation of flowers by, 266, 439 Snow plant, the, 264 Societies : — Atherstone Horticultural, 218 ; Aylesbury Horticultural, 56 ; Bath Rose Show, 56 ; Beckenham Horticultural, 186 ; Brighton and Sussex Horticultural, 344 ; Bucking- ham Floral and Horticultural, 185 ! Caterham Horticultural, 154; Chal- font St. Peter's Horticultural, 312 ; Chiswick Horticultural, 57 ; Colnbrook Horticultural, 154, 73a; Cryptogamic of Scotland, 378 ; Chrysanthemum shows, various, 635, 668, 699 ; Crystal Palace Rose .Show, 54 ; Crystal Palace Dahlia and Autumn I'ruit Show, 310 ; Devon and Kxeter Horticultural, 312; Dundee Horticultural, 345 ; Edinburgh Botanical, 89, 608,798; EaUng Horticul- tural, 89, 731 ; ICarley Horticultural, 282; Frimley, N'orklown, &c. , I lorticul- tural, 346; Harpenden Horticultural, 282 ; Hull Botanic Gardens Flower Show, 90 ; Highgate Horticultural, 56 ; International Potato Show, 345 ; Ipswich and East of England Horti- cultural, 89 ; Lee, Blackheath, and Lewisham Horticultural, 57 ; Eiver- pool Horticultural Association, 184, 699 ; Maidenhead Horticultural, 281 ; Manchester Horticultural Mutual Im- provement, 700, 765 ; National Car- nation and I'icotee {Southern Section), 120 ; National Rose, 26 ; Norfolk and Norwich Horticultural, 409, 732 ; Northamptonshire Horticultural, 185 ; Norwood Amateur Floral, 55 ; Not- tingham and Notts Horticultural, 732 ; Portmadoc Horiicultural, 186 ; Preston and Fulwood Horticultural, 311 ; Read- ing Horticultural, 248 ; Richmond Horticultural, 26 ; Rochester Horticul- tural, 55 ; Royal Caledonian Horticul- tural, 87,378, 793 ; Royal Horticultural, 54. 120. 218, 279, 312. 344, 475. 634, 764 ; Royal Horticultural of Ireland, 347 ; Scottish Horticultural Associa- tion, 90, 218, 346, 509, 699, 732 ; Sevenoaks Horticultural, 279 ; Shank- lin Horticultural, 281 ; Shropshire Horticultural, 247 ; Taunton Deane Horticultural, 247 ; Torquay Hor- ticultural, 121 ; Trowbridge Horti- cultural, 280 ; Tunbridge Wells Horti- cultural, 56 ; Twickenham Horticul- tural, 89 ; Warwick Amateurs, 186 ; Weston-super-Mare Horticultural, 246 ; Woodbridge Horticultural, 56; Wool- hope Fr.ngus Foray, 475 ; Worsley and Swinton Horticultural, 2S1 ; York Ancient Florists, 723 ; Yorkshire Natu- ralist's Union, 311 Socotra, the Ferns of, 178 ; the flora of, 719 ; interesting plants from, 277 Soil poisoned by gas, 20S Soili, the nitrogen of, 293 ; poor, fruit tree culture on, 462 ; Vine, on the ^ chemical composition of, 182 Solanum Commersoni, 662, 569 as S. Ohrondianum Sophroniiis grandiflorum, 814 South American plants, new, 364 Spain, Eucalyptus in, 618 Sparrow, awliite, 695, 760 Spathantheum heterandrum, 70 Specimen plants, on staking, 439 Sphenogyne spcciosa, 146 Spira-as, notes on, 142 Spiraea aruncus, 40 ; S. millefolia, 178 ; S. palmata, 20, 150 ; S. splendens, 12 Spruce, the blue, 725 Siapelia Massoni, char, emend. 761 Statice Suwarowii, 392 Stelis zonata, 5^,6 Stenactis speciosa, 217 Stenomesson Hartwegi, 625 Stenotaphrum or Reineckea variegata, 662 Stephanotis and Chrysanthemums at Mr. Ladds', 534 Stobcea purpurea, 115 Stocks, East Lothian, 146 Stock, influence of, upon the scion, 569 Stratton Park, 197 Strawberry, a monstrous alpine, 145 Strawberries The Captain and King of the Earlies, 430 ; James Veitch, 85, Strawberries, 52 ; alpine, 343 ; autumn, 506 ; autumn and winter management, 174 ; autumn fruiting, 437 ; at the Bath exhibition, 52 ; in November, 632, 664 ; in December, 716 Straw ties for trees, 653 Street planting in Calcutta, 107 Street trees, 50 Suburban garden, a, 792 Sugar-cane cultivation in Auckland, 145 Sugar and Bean cake at Swatow, i8a Sumatra, Pepper and Betel-nuts in, 90 Sunderland town parks, 654 Sunningdale Nursery, the, 150 Sunshades, 504 Swatow, Sugar and Bean cake at, 180 Sweet Bay, a fine, at Milverton, 117 Sweet Scabious, 634, 696 Sweet William, the derivation of, 90 Switzerland, the aquatic plants of, 231 Sydney, New South Wales, a wild flower show at, 561 Syagus botryophora, 660 Tacmiadf.nus carinatus, 83 Tahiti, Vanilla, sugar, &c., in, 759 Tarquui and his Lilici, 214 Tea and its substitulus, 765 Temperature according to < U-vation, 339 Tenant's fixtures, 309 ; plant-housed as, 632, 665, 696, 730, 760 Tcneriffe, Cocliincal culture in, 662 Tetramicra bicolor, peloria of, 20 Tetrancnia me.xicanum, 330 Tcucrium hyrcanicum, 340 Thame Nursery, Mr. Walker's, 558 Theropogon pallidus, 147 Timnbergia grandiflora, 662 Thunbergia, 306 Thuias, on the browning of, 596 Tigridia pavonia var. alba, 339 ; T. spc- ciosa alba, 212 Tigridias, the, 634 Timehri, ^-z-j Tobacco in Manilla, 58 Todeas at Glasnevin, 53 Tomato, the Glamorgan, 695 Tomato culture injersey. 37 Tomatos in the open ground at Reading, 651 ; malformed, 504 Tomtits, 603 Torenia flava, 121 Torenias, 443 Town gardens, 587 Towns, open spaces in, 653, 717, 750 Trade groups at flower shows, 80, 148 Trade memorandum, 592, 663 Travelling imposters, 148 Travelling notes, 439 Tree growth in Florida, 575 Tree planting, 617 ; preparation of the soil, 651 ; dotting and grouping, 683 Tree planting in Mexico, 179 Trees as artists' models, 491 ; effect of lightning on, 541 ; forest and historic, of Great Britain, 784 ; on the maturity of, 43 ; moving large, at Eroxbourne- bury, 475 ; and shrubs, transplanting, 627 ; records of the size of, 797 ; straw ties for, 653 ; street, 50 ; on the tints of, at sunset and sunrise, 730 Trentham, fruit notes from, 405 ; Orchid notes from. 396 Trichopilia Kienastiana, i66 Trichosma suavis, 722 Tricyrtis hirta, 377 Tritonia Pottsii, 623 Trilonia uvaria from seed, 502 Tropnsolum polyphyllum, 240 ; T. trico- lorum, 339 Tropnsolum. succulent, 309 Truftles, 660, 684, 730, 761 Truffle, the white, 760 Tuber asstivum, 729 Tulcan, the vegetation of, 443 Tulipa Alberti, 153 ; T. altaica, 71 ; T. Aucheriana, 168 ; T. australis. 233 ; T. Behmiana, 12 ; T. biflora, 233 ; l". Biebersteiniana, 233 ; T. bithynica, 169 ; T. boitica, 71 ; T. Boissieri, 12 ; T. Borsczowi, 12 ; T. cretica, 234 ; T. dasystemon, 266 ; T. edulis, 266 ; T. luchleri, 153 ; T. erythronioides, 266 ; T, fragrans, 233 ; 1". gallica, 233 ; T. Gesneriana, 11 ; T. Greigi, 153 ; T. Hageri, 168; T. heterophylld, 266; T. humihs, 233 ; T. iliensis, 153 ; T. Kaufmanniana, 71 ; T. Kolpakows- kyana, 600; T. Korolkowi, 12; T. Krauseana, 266 ; T. Lownei, 234 ; T. macrospeila, n ; T. maculata, 153 ; T. orphanidea, 233 ; T. patens, 233 ; T. platystigma. 12 ; T. primulina, 233 ; T. pubescens, 153 ; T. pulchella, 169 ; T. saxatilis, 168 ; T. strangulata, 71 ; T. suaveolens. 71 ; T. sylvestris, 233 ; T. tetraphylla, 12 ; T. ihianschamca. 266; T. ^turkestanica. 234; T. uni- fiora, 266 ; T. violacea. 168 Tulip-i. the species of, 11, 71, 153, i58, 233, 266 Tupistra nutans, 759 Turner, Mr. Charles, portrait and memoir of, 134 Turnips, 210 Tweedside, Roses on, 588 Tydceas at Chiswick, 438 Underground stems. Unexhausted manure, 359 Urtica flabellata, 231 274 compensation for, Valve, the Reliance rotary, 149 Vanda hastifera, 556 ; V. insignis var. Schroederiana, 392 ; V. Lowii, 367, 530 ; V. Roxburghii var. Wrighliana, 262 ; V. Sanderiana, 402, 440, 465, 498, 530 ; V. suavis var. Schroederiana, 336 ; V. teres, 46, 78, 142 ; Mr. Broome's specimen of, 272 Vanda teres, on the culture of, 14 Vanilla Pfaviana, 230 Variation, 445 ; in Nature, 598 Variegation, Ireaks of, 18 Vases, flower, notes on some new, 560 Vegetable, a new, 601 Vegetab'e crops, i8q Vegetable Marrow, Pen-y-byd, 793 Vegetable products of Java, 394 ; of Siena, Italy, 823 Vegetables and fruits, relation Jjetwecn seeding and quality in certain, 50 Vegetables, on the culture of, for exhibi- tion, 788 ; Christmas, 790 Vegetation of Australia, 390 ; of Brazil, 114 ; of the Isthmus of Panama, 652 ; of Tulcan, the, 443 ; of the coal period, 403 Veitchia joannis, 205, 276 Veitch's, Messrs., nursery, 535 Ventilators, ridge, 819 Verbena pulchella, 276 Verbenas at Chiswick, 375 Veronica longifoha subsessilis, 341 ; V. parviflora, 211 ; V. rupestris, 534 ; V. Traversii, 625 V^cronicas, New Zealand, 376 Victoria regia, 506 Viguiera rigida, 211 Vine at Hampton Court, 304 Vine-leaf insects, 336 Vine soils, on the chemical composition of, 182 Vines, American, 274 Vines, distance of from the glass, 72 Violet Marie Louise, 697, 728 ; White Czar, 504 Violets, white, turning blue, 604 Virginia Water. 216 Volcano of Corazon, ascent of the, 244 Vriesia heliconoides, O25 W Walker's. Mr., nursery at Thame, 558 Walks and edgings. 762 Wall tree cover, Fawke's improved, 300 Walnut, propagation of the, 114 Waltham Cross Nurseries, the, 427 Warscewiczella picta, 8 Wasp and bee stings. 507 Water supply of gardens, 5o5, 538 Watsonia rosea var. alba, 178 Weather aspects in November, 566 Weather, caprices of the, as illustrated by the fruit crops, 215 W'eed. a pretty, 538 Weeds in New Zealand, 340 Weeds, Sir J. B. Lawes on, 308 Week, the, 630, 660, 694, 724, 757, 788 V/hin, double, flowerir.g in December, 787 Whisks, Mexican, 790 White Linseed, 727 Wildenovia teres, hort. = Restio sub- verlicillalus 760, 790 Wilder, Hon.' Marshall P., 496 Wild flowers, 50 ; bouquets of, 244 ; on double, 20, 53 ; on exhibiting at flower shows, 80, 149, 208 VVilhelmshohe, notes from, 798 Winn's, Mr. C , Odontoglossums and Masdevallias, 14 Winter-flowering plants. 726 Vv^inter garden, M. Dallic're's. 117 Wire structures for gardens, 438 Wood samples, 505 Woolhope Club fruit show, 572 Wormia Burbidgei, 83 Wright, Dr. E. P., presentation to, 758 Wulfenia carinthiaca, 309 XiPHiUM tingitanum, 632 Year, events of the, 3i6 Yeast fungi, 203 Yucca aloifolia variegata flowering, 141 Zenobia speciosa var. pulverulenta, 108 Zephyranthes macrosiphon, 373 Zermatt, notes from, 237, 268 ; the forests of, 300 Zygadenus muscitoxicum and Z. Nuttalli, 625 Zygopetalum Burkei, 684 ; Z. forcipatum, 360 VI 1 1 The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 29, 1883. J- 1ST OF J LLUSTRATIONS. Amianthemum muscsetoxicum, 41 Apples, choice varieties of, 433, 434, 435, 436 Apple, Court Pendu Plat, 405 Apple, Duchess of Oldenburg, showing variations resulting from double graft- ing, 665 Arizona, Cereus giganteus in, 265 Armeria cephalotes var, bracteata, 213 Asparagus, contrivance for bundling, 180 Athyrium bulbils and pseudobulbils, 783 Australian seed-vessels, 688 B Banksia, inflorescence of, 688 Begonia Olbia, 720 Blue Spruce, 725 Botanic Garden, Capetown, Euphorbia canariensis in the, 629 Bothies, new, at Ashby Lodge, 753 Box, the " Unique" tolding, 821 Brockhurst, views in the garden at, 77 Broomeia congregata, 373 Broxbournebury, a large Chestnut tree at, 469 Byturus tomentosus, 752 Caccinia glauca, 173 Caraguata sanguinea, 717 Carrot, spiral growth of, 728 Castle of Miramar, the, 529 Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, 401 ; C. Mos- sise, 533 ; C. Warneri, 369 Cereus giganteus in Arizona, 265 Cestrum nocturnum, 757 Charleroi, plan of a garden near, 589 Chatsworth, the French garden at, 177 Chestnut tree, a large, at Broxbournebury, 469 Chiswick, the large vinery at, 425 Chrysanthemum corymbosum, 201 Convolvulus chrysorhizus{Kumara), tuber of, 601 Corridor, the new, in the Royal Botanic Society's Garden, 721 Corynocarpus lasvigatus, fruits of, 397 Crimean Pine, the, 785 Cypripedium Stonei, a monstrous, 73 DalliSre's, M., winter garden, plan of, 117 Dammara australis, 525 Date Palms at Elche, 17 Davallia Mariesii in grotesque forms, 461 Desmodium pendulifloruni=; Lespedeza bicolor, 749 Ditton Park, the Peach wall at, 685 Dodwell, Mr. E. S., portrait of, 113 Doronicum plantagineum var. excelsum, 297 Doulton ware : illustrations of flower vases, 560 Elche, plantation of Date Palms at, 17 Ensilage, a mould on, 781 Equisetum giganteum, 237 Erica Cavendishiana, specimen of grown by Mr. G. Cole, 597 Eucalyptus, seed-vessels of, 464, 465 Euonymus japonicus variegatus, 793 ; E. radicans, 793 Euphorbia canariensis in the Cape Town Botanic Garden, 629 Fawke's improved wall tree cover, 301 Fences, slate and wire, 364 Ferns, Japanese, 461 Flower vases ; Doulton ware, 560 Folding box, a, 821 Franklandia biaristata, seed-vessel of, 689 French garden at Chatsworth, the, 177 Fuchsia exoniensis, 564 Fungi, parasitic, 625" Garden in the Valley of the Meuse, plan of a, 269 Gentiana ornata, 396 Gortyna appassionata, 656 Grafting, natural. Oak and Beech. 528 Grape packing for market, 53 Grevillea globosa, seed-vessel of, 689 Helleborus niger var. altifolius, 693 Hibberd, Mr. Shirley, portrait of, 395 Hoya, linearis var. sikkimensis, 8 Hyacinth-pot, a new, 505 Hybrid Raspberry, Mr. Culverwell's, 13 Instrument for gathering Nutmegs, 116 Ipomi^ea Thomsoniana, 817 Japanese Ferns, 461 Kew Palace and the Seven Sisters, ^yj Kew, the lake in the pleasure-grounds at, 789 Kuraara tuber, the, 601 Labels, new, for plants, 633, 820 Lselia purpurata, 533 Leelia Veitchianax. See Supplement, August 4 Lespedeza bicolor as Desmodium pendu- liflorum, 749 Lettuce, a fasciated, 249 Lettuce disease, the fungus of, 600 M Masdevallia Garden, 181 Maurandya erubescens, 501 Medinilla Curtisii, 621 Melaleuca decussata, seed vessels of, 688 Mimulus radicans, 21 Miramar. the Castle of, 529 Moth, the Sarracenia, 656 Mould on ensilage, 781 N Nerine sarniense, a transfixed bulb of, 497 Notospartium Carmichaelice, 169 Nuphar advena, 557 Nutmegs, instrument for gathering, 116 Oak and Beech, natural grafting, 528 Oncidium candidum, floral details of, 233 Orchid pan, Sander's, 85 Peach-wall at Ditton Park, the, 685 Pear Beurrii Bosc, 405 ; Easter Beurr^, 410 ; Jersey Gratioli, 509 ; Triomphe de Tournai, 761 ; Urbaniste, 509 Pear, a graft hybrid, 569 Pear wall in the Orchard Lane Fruit Garden, 813 Peloria of Tetramicra bicolor, 20 Pentstemon labrosus, 537 Peronospora gangUoniformis, 600 ; P. infcstans, spores of, on a Potato, 729 ; P. parasitica, 625 Peziza postuma, 333 Phacelia campanularia, 135 Picea pungens, 725 Pinus Laricio var. PalJasiana, 785 Pinus monophylla, young and adult fo- liage of, 44 Pinus Pinea, showing two forms of fo- liage, 45 Plagiolirion Horsmanni, 105 Plan of a garden near Charleroi, 589 ; in the Valley of the Meuse, 269 Potato disease, 333 Potato perforated by Couch-grass, 496 Pyms pinnatifida, 493 Queen of Queens Rose, 209 Raspberry, Mr. Culverwell's hybrid, 13 Raspberry grub, the, 752 Regent's Park, refreshment paviUon in, 593 Reliance rotary valve, the, 149 Renanthera Lowi as flowered at Ferriferes, 656 Rhododendron, a hardy hybrid, 329 Rhododendron Nuttalli, 49 Rodgersia podophylla, 141 Rose, a proliferous, 283 Rose, the Queen of Queens, 209 Rose cutting, a, 300 Royal Botanic Society's new corridor, 721 Salix triandra, 308 Sander's Orchid pan, 85 Sarcopodium Dearei, 108 Sarracenia moth, the, 656 Seed-vessels of Eucalyptus, 464, 465 Serapias cordigera, 341 Slate and wire fences, 364 Spiral growth of Carrot, 728 Spruce, the blue, 725 Statice Suwarowi, 393 Straw ties lor trees, 653 Syagrus botryophora in the Capetown Botanic Garden, 661 Tetramicra bicolor, peloria of, 20 Tomato, a malformed, 504 Trees, straw ties for, 653 Tropseolum polyphyllum, 241 Tropceolum roots, 309 Tuber of the Kumara, 601 Turner, Mr. Charles, portrait of, 145 Valve, the Reliance rotary, 149 Vanda Sanderiana, 440, 441 Vanda teres, Mr. Broome's specimen of. 273 Veitchia Joannis, 205 Vinery, the large, at Chiswick, 425 W Wall-tree cover, Fawke's improved, 301 Winter garden, plan of M. Dallifere's, 117 Xylomelum pyriforme, seed-vessel of, Zenobia speciosa var. pulverulenta, 109 THE ■^1 GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. €0tal)Ufii)eti 1841. No. 497.— Vol. XX. {sS^.ks.} SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1883. 1 Registered at the General ? Prico 6d. Post-office as a Newspaper. j"posT.FREE, sJrf. CONTENTS. Arnica moDtana .. Bloomeria amea, &c. Botanical meetiogs Books noticed Buckinghamshire gar- den, a Camellias, late flowering. . Cherries at Richmond Chiswick gardens . . Colonial notes Comparetlia falcata Corn Exchange Rose Show Cypripedium Curtisii Dictamnus Fraxinella Epidendrum ionocentrum Figs, the failing of Flowers, hardy, at Gras- mere Floral gum. French 1< tower garden, the Flowers in season . . Forestry Fruit packing Fruit crops Freaks of variegation Gardeners* Royal Benevo- lent Institution . . Clasgow. notes around . . Grape cultivation in Jersey Herbaceous border, the . . Hoya linearis var. sikkim- ensis Hybrids Kitchen garden, the Liliums in flower Melons and Cucumbers . Nepenthes, Mr. Ratcliff Otiontoglossums, Mr Winn's Onions, thinning . . Orchids, Mr. Chamber Iain's Orchid notes Paul & Son's hardy plant nursery ., Peas, early . . Peaches and Nectarines Plants and their culture Plants of Skakespeare Plants, new garden Rhododendron punctatum Societies : — National Rose . . Richmond Horticultural Tetramicera bicolor Tulipa, the species of Vanda teres Warscewiczella picia Weather, the Wild flowers, double ILLUSTRATIONS. Date Palms at Elche ,. 17 Hoya linearis var. sikkimensis .. .. 8 Mimulus radicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Peloria of Tetramicera bicolor 20 Raspberry hybrid, a • ■ ^3 NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should now be made payable at DRURY LANE. J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J- IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, iDcluding PostaRe, is $6.35 for Twelve Months. Agent for America ;— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Ken.sington. S.W. NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and Floral, at 11 am. : Scientific at i p.m. : General Meeting, for the Election of Fellows, &c., at 3 p m. on TUESDAY NEXT, July 10. Fifth Promenade Show and Band, from 4 o'clock. Ad- mission !£., which includes entrance to the Fisheries Exhibition. LEE, BLACKHEATH, and LEWISHAM HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ANNUAL EXHIBITION, will, by kind permission, be held in the grounds of Mrs. Penn, The Cedars, Lee, on JULY II and 12. All particulars may be obtained of 5, Boones Road, Lee, S.E. Mr. C. HELMER, Sec. ULL BOTANIC GARDENS' HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, on WEDNES- DAY. THURSDAY, and FRIDAY, July 11, 12, and 13. For Schedules and particulars apply to PHILIP MacMAHON, Curator and Secretary. Botanic Gardens, Hull. ROYAL MANCHESTERandNORTHERN COUNTIES BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— A GRAND ROSEand STRAWBERRY SHOW will be held in the Gardens. Old Trafford, on SATURDAY, July 21. For Schedules apply to the undersigned, BRUCE FINDLAY, Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. Business Notice. T ROBERT TAIT, sole surviving Partner -L) of the firm of Dickson, Brown & Tait, Seed Mer- chants, 43 and 45. Corporation Strcftt. Manchester, hi.ve this day TAKEN INTO PARTNERSHIP. Mr. ARTHUR TESTER (who has been employed with the firm over 22 years), and Mr. DAVID FLEMING (who has been employed with the firm 10 years); and the said business will in future, as heretofore, be conducted under the old designation of DICKSON, BROWN AND TAIT.— July 2, 1883. MRS. DEAN'S CASE.— Mrs. Dean desires to express her deepest gratitude to the Subscribers who have so kindly assisted her. COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI, strong plants, from single pots, loi. per 100. IRESINE LlNDENI, WALLISI, and HERBSTf, strong plants, from single pots, ^s. ed. per 100. ECHEVERIA SECUNDA GLAUCA, strong plants, from single pots, ys. 6d. per 100. WILLIAM POTTEN, Camden Nursery, Sissinghurst, Staplehurst, Kent. CATALOGUE, new and descriptive. — Alpines and Hardy Perennials, comprising aooo species. Post-free on application.- STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Southpoit. JULY IN THE FLOWER GARDEN. ARTERS' FIRST PRIZE CALCEO- LARIA.— Highest award Royal Botanic Society, May i6, 1-883. f'irst Prize Crystal Palace, May ig, 1883.— Silver Medal Royal Horticultural Society, May 22, 1883. A customer writes : — *' I have grown many strains, but Carters' is the finest. Out of sixty plants fifly-one were distinct." Price, IS. 6d., -zs. td. and 3J. 6d. per packet, post-free. ARTERS' FIRST PRIZE CINERARIA.— Again awarded the Highest Prizes of the year.— A Customer writes: — "My gardener has taken ist Prize with Carters' stram the last two years, and is certain of the ist Prize again this year." — C. S. King, Esq. Price, IS. 6d., 3S. 6d. and 31. 6d. per packet, post-free. C^LEMATIS COCCINEA.— Rich Coral-red V^ flowers, 1% inch long and 1 inch in diameter, perfectly hardy. This is an American vaiiety, which reaches us with a great reputation. Price is., is. 6d., and 2s. 6d. each, from CARTERS. Trade price per dozen and 100 on application. CARTERS, the Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command to H. R H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. UBEROUS BEGONIAS.— Six fine strong tubers, now starting into growth, of our unrivalled strain, post-free for 31. Useful for Conservatory or Bedding. CATA- LOGUES free. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, offer GLADIOLI, DAHLIAS, single and double ; PVRETHRUMS, single and double ; PHLOXES and TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED. CATALOGUES gratis and post-free. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growbrs, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post- free on application. RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket • CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials. Post.free on applications. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others, 50s. per 100. BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-inch pots, best kinds, including Alfred Neuner. price 401. per 100. W. JACKSON, Blalcedown, near Kidderminster. FOR SALE, about 22 Acres'oTB^ED MAN'S BLUE IMPERIAL PEA, a splendid crop, within jmiles of the London and North- Western Railway Station. Apply to Mr. JOHN BONNETT, Combetton, Cambs. Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed. HARLES SHARPE AND CO. have the above to offer. Samples and prices on appUca- iion. Sleaford. — July. 1883. STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from twenty choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box of plants with fruit, ^d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6 10 feel by 5 feet, £Z. SFAN- ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by 17 feet, ;t6o ; 21 feet by 13 leet, ;£3i lOl. ; 13 feet by 8 feet, £iS. LIGHTS, &c., in Stock. # ss^^ ^^sy^^^±±»Eer ^^ ^* 21 01 Foreign, of the following sizes. In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, "» 3d8 and 4ttiB qualities always kept In stock :— 14X12 20X12 20X14 20X16 20X18 16X12 16x14 20X15 22x16 22x18 18x12 18x14 18x16 24X16 24X18 Stock Lists and Prices on application. All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained from OEORGE FARIUXLOE & SOITS, GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS, 84, St. Jolm's Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E,a BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by 12-in., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz. and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases. CO. TMILLINGTON and • 43. Commercial Street, E. PLATE, SHEET, CROIVN GLASS. Horticultural and all kinds of Glass having so much advanced, we are _ compelled to withdraw our prices, but on receipt of application the prices will be forwarded, but will be only from day to day until the market is in a more settled state. We have some bargains in 21-oz., from 9X7 to 14X10 and upwards; sizes sent if required. Propagating Glasses, Hand Frames, Cucumber and Horticultural Glass, genuine White Lead, best Linseed Oil Putty, Paints, Oils, and Colours. STONE EDGING for KITCHEN GARDENS or Walks under Trees, &c., 10 to 12 inches deep, 3 to 4 feet long, made from the best Yorkshire Flagstone ; indestructible. Price, ready for laying, is. per lineal yard. Also Flags and Steps for Conservatories, Terraces, &c. — Address, THE GREAT SLEAD QUARRY. Brighouse, Yorkshire. Kosher's Garden Edging Tiles. T HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, inciu* no further labour or expense, as do 'grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.| from 2S. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tde Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L "v E R S~ AND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promotly executed by Rail or to Whaxves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. DOULTON & CO., LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E. VASES, PEDESTALS. FOTTNTAINS, QAKDEN EBQINGS, &c., IMPERISHABLE TERRA COTTA. Tiles /or Lining Walls of Conservatories. ART POTTERY, including JARDINIERES AND OTHER Table Decorations, and Vases, Fountains, Sec, for the Conservatory, In DOULTON WARE. LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW SILICON WARE. Show Booms, Albert Embankment, S.E. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU- FACTURERS. Plans and Estimates free. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED . WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c. JAMES BOYD «c S0N3, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ANU HEATING ENGINEERS, PAISLEY. P^^5~ LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU Mali, S.W. ^^^^ o H 0 > O o o !0 7^ -WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS, HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION. July 7, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. CHOICE SEEDS FOR^PRESENT SOWING. Chr. Lorenz, Seedsman to Her Majesty the Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia, ERFURT, GERMANY, Begs to offer the folloiving Seeds, all of which are warranted new, and of the finest possilile quality of their several kinds : — CALCEOLARIA HYBRI DA, new dwarf self, tigred, and mixed each packet 2 o CINERARIA HYBRIDA, new dwarf, azure, crimson, mixed, and GRANDIFLORA, mixed „ ,, new double, mixed ... „ „ assortment of 6 varieties, including double PANSY, Odier's large flowering „ assortment of 12 varieties, including Odier's .. „ assortment of 6 varieties, including Odier's PRIMULA FIMBKIATA, assortment of 10 varieties „ „ assortment of 6 varieties „ „ double, assortment of 5 varieties ... WALLFLOWERS, Lorenz's prize double, assortment of 12 variedes . each packet each packet packet I J ... 4 2 ... 5 At the same time I respectfully request all those cominir to Erfurt for the great Luther Festival, that is to take place on August 8, kindly to pay a visit to 7ny Establishment. THURSDAY NEXT. VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS. SACCOLABIUM PRyEMORSUM. VANDA CATHCARTII. ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSI. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, by order of Mr. F. Sander, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very wonderful importation of SACCOLABIUM PR/EMORSUM, in masses and health such as never seen before ; also a small but very healthy importation of VANDA CATHCARTII, and an extremely grand lot of ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSI, true ; ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, VANDA TERES, AERIDES, and CATTLEYAS, ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, MASDEVALLIAS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS. HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Handy Manual for the improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown Svo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price ^s. dd. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition. I'^cap. cloth, price "js. THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. fisher. Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price \s. HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price u. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. a popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture. By William Earley. Price \s. stitched. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. An entirely New Edition, enlarged in size and type. Medium Svo, cloth, price 251. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3^, 6d. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With illustrations. Svo, doth, price gx. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY, with numerous iiiustra- tions. Svo, cloth, price '^s. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price IS. sewed. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, «& CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. THE SATURDAY, fULY 7, 1S83. PLANTS OF SHAKESPEARE. IT seems but the other day that we had occasion to note the publication of Canon Ellacombe's admirable Plant Lore and Garden Craft of Shakespeare, and now we are called on by the receipt of Mr. Grindon's Shakespere Flora* to advert once again to the subject. The difference in the titles of the two books, and in the mode of spelling of the dramatist's name — matters comparaiively trifling in them- selves, are nevertheless indicative of the varied manner in which the authors have worked. Dealing with the same material, necessarily somewhat closely restricted as to scope, it is, indeed, interesting to note the characteristically different manner in which the two authors have gone to work. We shall not advert in detail to the several points of difference — that would spoil the reader's pleasure and hardly be fair to either author ; suffice it to say, that while Canon Ellacombe arranges his matter alphabetically according to the name of the particular plant, and gives us an exhaustive account of all that is to be said from the point of view of a botanist and a gardener, Mr. Grindon disposes of what he has to say under the following headings : — " In the wood, the wild flowers, the garden flowers, the cultivated fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs ; the farm, the wilderness and the wayside, the market place and the shops ; and, lastly, book and hearsay names." An index places Mr. Grindon's book, in so far, on an equality with that of his predecessor, and with that remark we set aside all further comparison of the two, and confine ourselves to the consideration of the newcomer. The great charm in Shakespeare's allusions to plants is their perfect fitness to the matter in hand. They are not intended to teach us botany. They are not lugged in as rhetorical ornament, but they grow naturally out of the subject- matter. They are not the product of affecta- tion or display, but genuine expressions of the idea intended to be conveyed. Whether it be Ophelia piteously holding her handful of " weedy trophies," or Perdita distributing "those flowers," the plants selected by the dramatist for his purpose are as fit as the language he employs is touching and beautiful. It must be noted, however, that this remark only applies to such plants and flowers as Shakespeare had seen from childhood in that pleasant midland county — the heart of England — as Shakespeare himself is the heart of modern English litera- ture. Shakespeare was no traveller, and when he takes us from the familiar Warwickshire meadows and gardens he loses that power of truthful delineation which goes straight to the heart of his readers. For instance, when he speaks of "tufts of Olives" or of a sheep-cote fenced about with Olive trees, he conveys a wrong impression, as false to Nature as the "Willow asoaunt the brook That shows his hoar leave? in the glassy stream " IS true. Shakespeare had gathered wild flowers, ^ The Shakespere Flora ; a Guide to all the Principal Passages 7« which Mention is made of Trees, Plants. Flowers, and Vegetable Productions, &"€. Py Leo H. Gi ii.don. (M^i^~ Chester ; Palmer & Howe ) THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. " Nettles, Daisies, and long Purples ; " he had felt the joy that makes one dash into a wood full of Primroses and Bluebells, to secure the " trophies " — trophies, indeed. But see how observant is the poet— "weedy trophies," he calls them. And what are wild flowers when gathered but weedy trophies ? How limp they become in a short time, as if they pined for their native woods. But the appropriateness of their em- ployment, and the exquisite felicity of the lan- guage made use of, are not the only things for which botanists and gardeners have to thank Shakespeare. Mr. Grindon points out two instances in which, such has been the influence of the poet, that names previously " varium et mutabile semper" have become fixed, and a Primrose will remain a Primrose, a Violet by no other name be called so long as literature endures. Before Shakespeare's time the Violet might be one of a dozen different things ; the fanciful Greeks did not fix upon any one plant to bear the name ; the practical Romans gave no heed to the matter. Our forefathers of the Middle Ages called Snowdrops, and " Honesty," and " Canterbury Bells," and a dozen other things, all by the name of Violet ; but Shake- speare's Violet is as definite and unmistakable as LinnfEUs' Viola odorata. Could all English names be crystallised as Shakespeare's Violet IS, there would not be much dispute in future as to the propriety of employing vernacular names. And so with the case of the Primrose — it was a Daisy, a Cowslip, the common Privet, and other things ; but, from and after Shakespeare's time, the word Primrose has been more unvarying in its application than has the Latin designation of the same plant. How far Shakespeare himself is responsible for this we do not know. Mr. Grindon might tell us per- haps what share his contemporaries had in the matter. Ophelia's flowers, as we have seen, are wildings, but Perdita's flowers were culled from the garden — ' ' Bold O.xlips and The Crown Imperial ; Lilies of all kinds, Tlie Flower de Luce being one." Besides these are Carnations and streaked Gillyflowers, and " The Marigold that goes to bed with the sun, And with him rises, weeping." In alluding to garden flowers, we must re- member that Shakespeare and Gerard were contemporaries, that the Caialogiis and the Herbal of the latter were both published in Shakespeare's time. The help thus afforded to the critical commentator is, therefore, great, and the interest to the gardener is enhanced by the knowledge thus obtained, that Shakespeare could have had no personal knowledge of a tithe of the beautiful and useful plants now at his disposal. Shakespeare, for instance, only knew the Cedarfrom the allusion to it in Scripture. Potatos were unknown to him, for when the word is used by him it applies to the Batatas (Con- volvulus), not to the Solanaceous tuber which Shakespeare's contemporary, Raleigh, is cre- dited with introducing, and which Gerard grew. Tobacco — also an introduction of Raleigh's — is not mentioned by the poet. That Shakespeare must have seen an English vineyard seems evident from this passage in Measure for Measure : — "He hath a vineyard, circummured with brick, Whose western side is with a vineyard backed ; And to that vineyard is a planched gate That makes the opening with this bigger key : The other doth command a little door Which from the vineyard to the garden leads." One would almost fancy that Shakespeare must have seen the vineyard at Hatfield, so closely does the description fit. While alluding thus to plants that Shakespeare must have known, and to those of which he could have had no cognisance. we may call attention to an oversight on p. 17, where the Birch is mentioned as introduced after Shakespeare's time. There is, so far as we know, no reason for doubting that the Birch is a genuine native, and indeed elsewhere Mr. Grindon treats it as such. It is not only the gardener and the botanist that will turn to Mr. Grindon's pages, the critic and the philologist will find it no less their in- terest to do so, for in his endeavour to elucidate the plant-names made use of by the dramatist Mr. Grindon has naturally been led to compare the statements made in the authorised version of the Bible, the works of Bacon, and of contem- porary dramatists and writers generally. By this means Mr. Grindon has solved the question as to the nature of the "juice of cursed hebenon," which Hamlet's uncle poured into the porches of the ears of the prince's father. Mr. Grindon identifies it with the "hebon" mentioned by Marlowe and Spenser, and shows that"hebon" or "hebenon" are forms of the word by which the Yew is known in many Continental languages. We have not cared to follow Mr. Grindon's steps very exactly — to do so would be to spoil the charm of the book. We recomrnend the reader to take it up at odd times, to read a few pages and give himself up to the delight of following up the varied train of thoughts and recollections that this confessedly desultory plan of reading will most assuredly beget. As a solace and recreation for the wearied mind, no more delightful book than this of Mr. Grindon's could be taken. In saying so much we must disclaim any intention of wishing the reader to infer that it is not worthy of more serious study. We only cite our own experience with the book in hand, and the thermometer nearer 90° than 80°. The book is handsomely got up, but the illustrations are scarcely commensurate with the printer's art. BOTANICAL MEETINGS. Your interesting notice of the Harpenden meeting (xix., p. 820) induces me to send you an account of a most pleasant and instructive botanical party which was brought together at the Manchester Free Reference Library last Sunday afternoon, by the invitation of Mr. Councillor Charles Rowley, a member of the Library Committee, and under the presidency of Sir Thomas Baker, its Chairman. For fifty years or more we have had amongst us in Lancashire an association of botanists, who meet together on Sunday afternoons once a fortnight, when plants are produced, and a pleasant time is passed in the examination and naming of them. They are mostly working men ; the President, Mr. Percival, is a tanner ; the Secretary, Mr. Rogers, a pawnbroker ; and the members are scattered in the neighbourhood, many being gardeners. There are a few gentlemen associated with them. These Sunday afternoon meetings are held in various localities in Lancashire, and have been the means of fostering a love of botany, and from the ranks of our working men have thus arisen many skilled naturalists whose names are famous in Lanca- shire—Crozier, Crowther, Mellor, of Royton ; Caley, who accompanied Sir Joseph Banks as botanist to the South Seas ; Hobson, the great biologist; John Hors- field, the raiser of the well known bicolor Daffodil ; Stansfield of Todmorden, the great authority on Ferns ; and, though last not least, James Percival, the present President of the Society. These, and many more of almost equal note, have been active members of the Botanists' Association, who have done much to promote their favourite science. It was therefore a happy thought of Mr. Rowley's to invite the members of the Botanists' Association to meet with a few friends at the Reference Library, and a most successful meet- ing was the result. The party assembled at 3 o'clock, and a couple of hours were profitably occupied in ex- amining the rich collection of botanical works which are in the library, and more especially those which had been acquired during the past year. The her- barium of the late John Windsor, which belongs to the library, was also placed upon the table for inspection. as also was an interesting collection of dried mosses. At five o'clock the party had tea in one of the com- mittee rooms, and at six the chair was taken by Sir Thomas Baker, and the more important business commenced. A table, some 20 feet long, was completely covered with flowers, of which almost every member brought his share, and large contributions had been sent from some of the noted gardens in the neighbourhood, so that a most complete collection of the plants then in flower was before us. Reference was first made to the treat which had been afforded in the inspection of the treasures of botanical literature which had been opened before us in the library, and especially the work on the Amaryl- lidaceae by Dean Herbert, which had been recently acquired at the suggestion of one of our number. The Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert was the last warden and the first Dean of Manchester. His work on the Amaryllidaceae was published in 1837, and he came to Manchester in 1840, and remained until his death in 1847. He would, no doubt, soon become acquainted with Mr. Leeds, of Longford Bridge, near Manchester, whose garden was then the most inter- esting one in the neighbourhood, and in this way it is more than probable that Mr. Leeds was led into his train of experiments in hybridisation which led to the production of his beautiful hybrid Narcissi, so well known as the Leedsi varieties, and which were raised from 1845 to 1850. Dean Herbert's work contains a most interesting chapter on hybridisation, and plates 38, 39, and 40 contain details of all the generative organs of the Narcissi, and of their varia- bility from the type. Mr. Leeds would thus be led into his successful train of experiments, and it is interesting to note that the first-fruits of Dean Herbert's work were produced in this neighbour- hood. Mr. Percival, the President of the Society, was then called upon to name and describe the plants upon the table. This he did in a masterly manner, giving the Latin and the common name, and adding a few particulars, frequently anecdotal, and always humorous. The most interesting plant was the rare Cypripedium calceolus, which he had found the week previously in a deep crevice in the limestone pave- ment on Clapham Moor in the Craven district. " I do not know that ever I felt such a happy man in my life as I did when I found that flower." It had not been found in this district for forty years. The rare Fern, Cystopteris montana, was the subject of a very interesting narrative of its finding on the Breadal- bane Mountains. About 126 flowers and Ferns were thus accurately named and described by Mr. Percival — an extraordinary performance ; and it was under- stood that there were others of the members present who could have undertaken it. Sir Thomas Baker, in concluding the business of the meeting, declared that he should always look back to the occasion as one of the golden days of his life, and I am sure that every one present profited by it. There is room for such botanical associations, and for such social gather- ings in many districts ; and I hope the example, as well as that of the Harpenden school class, may be widely followed. Objection may be taken to the holding of such meetings on the Sunday, but I think on reflection it will be seen that it is not easy for working people to assemble at any other time, and I see no breach of the Sabbath in such a laudable pursuit. 11^. Brockhank^ Brockliurst^ Didsbury, June 30. APPLES. The suggestion made by *' Philanthes " that our early blooming fruits should be operated upon by the hybridist for the purpose of endeavouring to secure later and, therefore, safer blooming kinds, comes late this year,^but probably would not have been made but for the unfortunate fact that, except Apples, we have this year such poor crops on other standard or tree fruits. The chief deterrent to any such application of industry on the part of any pomologist is found in the fact that few men of mature years may hope to live to see the reward of their labours, even assuming that the object in view — very questionable, by-the-bye — was in any degree obtained. But is it the case that later blooming kinds of particular fruits are this year or in any other year the most productive ? " Philanthes " mentions the Victoria Plum as a general cropper, but although such is fairly the case, yet there is no proof that it is later to bloom than the general ruck of Plums, all of which carry but little fruit. Lemon July 7, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Pippin Apple is mentioned as a general cropper, but with me it is very sparse in all seasons, and this year amidst many kinds. In relation to the later bloom- ing Apple the query may well be put, 1 low is it, if later bloom is safer bloom, that whilst some kinds have set an abundant crop, other trees blooming freely also at the same time have not set half a dozen fruit ? Does not this point to the conclusion that some other causes besides the operation of the weather upon the flowers must be charged with the general absence of hardy tree fruits this summer? I have here along row of Apple trees some fourteen years planted, all vigorous and in good cropping condition. The row includes some forty kinds, and, of course, varying in habit and character. Almost invariably the strongest or most robust growers have the smallest crops, but that is a common association. But many of these bloomed most profusely, however, and should in the ordinary course of things have fruited, yet they have not done so. And why? I conclude that the late summer and autumn ol last year failed to mature the buds on all those strong-growing trees sufficiently to render them fertile, and though there was no lack of flowers they proved fruitless. On the other hand the less robust growers, deve- loping less wood, and thus being enabled to create well-matured fruit-buds, have produced an ample crop of fruit ; so that the production ol an Apple crop is less due to a favourable spring than to certain characteristics of the trees which produce it ; hence, if we labour at all in the direction of seeking for kinds that will prove constant croppers, we must rather regard those qualities than their periods of blooming. After all, how much of the collapse of the Pear bloom, and the falling of immature Plums and Cher- ries, may not be due to the non-maturing of the bloom-buds last autumn ? Perhaps we have laid more blame on the spring weather, bad as it certainly was, than it merits. Assuming that there may be something in the posi- tion I have taken — and it certainly all reads very much like a truism — we may well desire that the wider promotion of hardy tree fruits that, irrespective of time of blooming, do without doubt ripen their fruit-buds early, should be largely undertaken ; in- deed, those who strive to live by fruit growing for market have a far better and more pressing case to present to the Government than the agriculturists have, supposing it were in the power of the Govern- ment, in the shape of assisting or promoting the pro- duction of constant cropping kinds of fruits, to give useful relief. But those who would do something must help themselves, and as hybridisation in any form cannot now be undertaken this year, it may not be waste of time if opportunity be taken of the present comparatively good Apple season to get a census of kinds that are fruiting well, and thus afford some reliable information as to the sorts that may be, as far as Apples only are concerned, likely to prove suitable parents. I last year alluded to a variety, name not known, of which I have here one large tree that always bears. Last year it bore a good crop, this year it has half a crop of what will be a finer sample. Then Cockle Pippin is, as it almost always is, full of fruit ; and another kind, too little known and grown, Norfolk Bearer, rarely is without a crop, and now has a good one. Of course Lord Suiifield, Manx and Keswick Codlins, Early Julian, and Warner's King are all fruiting freely, for none of these are rank growers. Specially productive, however, is Harvey Codlin, a kind that should be universally cultivated for market but is little known. This is never without a crop, greater or less. Cox's Orange Pippin, King of the Pippins, Cellini Pippin, Cockle Pippin, Sturmer Pip- pin, Downton Pippin, and Court of Wick, an allied kind, are all fruiting heavily, thus showing the Pip- pins to be a productive family. The fine old Winter Pearmain is carrying a very fair crop, so also is Royal Pearmain, and that fine Apple, Flower of Kent. I have also good crops on Wellington, Kentish Fill- basket, and Golden Noble. Still, taking all the trees, the crop is not more than half a one, although the result is far better in the market orchards, simply because many of the kinds in commerce, such as I have, would never be planted by a market grower. If he cannot get crops from Manx Codlin, Lord Suffield, Early Julian, King of the Pippins, Cox's Orange Pippin, Wellington, and a few others, he regards a crop from other kinds as out of the question ; and although he is not absolutely right, he is nearly so. If, therefore, the information afforded by the present Apple season is to be utilised, we ought to have for guidance, both for the hybridist and the planter, the fullest possible information as to the sorts that in many localities are now fruiting well, and fruit more or less in all seasons. Information of this kind might well be given presently, with the annual fruit returns, especially as this year little can he said about Pears, Plums, and Cherries. It would be specially interest- ing to learn what kinds are fruiting best in widely distributed localities, and whether the trees are old, or whether young, and how grown. As the nation has to rely for its Apple supply chiefly upon orchard trees, of course most interest will attach to reports respecting their produce, not the less that whilst their culture is comparatively common and natural, that of small garden trees is usually uncommon and artificial. A. D. [An opportunity such as our correspondent desires will shortly be given, as we hope to publish our annual census on August 4. Kd.] HARDY FLOWERS AT GRAS- MERE. A VISIT to Mr. Joseph Stevens' well kept hardy plant garden at Byfleet, at this season of the year would make a convert of the most determined opponent of the beautiful subjects therein cultivated ; indeed, it would be difficult to imagine within the limits of a garden anything more beautiful or more varied than the wealth of bloom which abounds throughout the whole place, in rock garden, border, shrubbery, wild garden, and Fern rockery, gratifying to a high degree alike to the sense of sight and smell. Roses — not the certified best kinds for exhibition, but the old varieties, many of which have even outlived their names — must claim first place. Roses trailing and scrambling over neighbouring bushes and fences, glad of the borrowed strength to aid them in bearing the weight of their blooms ; Roses, single and double, sometimes even on the same bush, not the least beautiful of them being the old Manetti, which is so largely vised as a stock, and the lovely old double white Sweet Brier. Rivalling the Roses in beauty, showiness, and per- fume, are the Peonies, with their large heads of bloom varying in all the intermediate shades between white and crimson, many of them being of a very lovely primrose hue — singles, semi-doubles, and doubles — so double that the petals seem to be pushing each other out, and so making the flowers just untidy enough to save them from being too perfect (from a florist's point of view) and formal in shape. Con- tributing to the show at present, and destined soon to take the first place, are the Delphiniums. These at Grasmere grow into large clumps from 7 to 10 feet in height, each of them an object to pause before and admire. Here it is that varieties which are not easily distinguished under ordinary cultivation are so easy to determine, by reason of the distinguishing features of each being fully brought out. The finest varieties are D. Barlowii superba, with large double dark blue flowers on long foot-stalks ; D. Argus, a very fine pale blue ; D. Humboldtii, an immense single dark variety, and D. Eugene Verdier, a fine bright blue with white eye. Next in importance come the Irises, which present fine clumps at the edges of the shrubberies and in the borders. The varieties of the I. germanica are perhaps the most showy on the plants, but the slender stemmed and quaintly tinted I. hispanica and the showy varieties of I. anglica are equally acceptable, and their flowers last much longer when cut than those of I. germanica. There is also a large collection of species of Iris which are not yet in bloom. After the Irises come the large bushes of Philadelphus (Mock Orange), of which fourteen very distinct varieties are now in bloom at Grasmere ; all are white, but the difference in the colour of the anthers, some being white and some yellow — the difference in the size of the blooms and the manner in which they are arranged on the flower- stalks— render thedifferences, bothspecific and varietal, very easy to distinguish in such well grown specimens. The best and most distinct appear to be P. grandi- florus, P. latifolius, P. coronarius deutziaeflorusplenus (double), P. californicus (very large), P. cordatus, and P. Gordonianus. Harmonising with the Phila- delphuses are a great number of varieties of Weigela, and an important collection of Spirzeas, fine bushes, with their beautiful bosses of white, pink, or rose blooms, particularly noticeable being S. bella, S. macrantha, S. splendens, S. amoena (white, with rose eye), and S. trilobata fl.-pl. The above enume- rated supply quite beauty enough without calling in the aid of the other 10,000 species and varieties which Mr. Joseph Stevens cultivates, and any garden may be made interesting and beautiful with such things, together with Phloxes, Pentstemons, Antir- rhinums, Potentillas, Pyrethrums, Lilies, Foxgloves, and other well known things ; and it will be well for the majority of the hardy plant growers to keep to them, as but few can give that business-like attention requisite to the keeping of a general collection in good order. Both the rockeries of Grasmere are made beautiful by huge natural tufts of Saxifrages, Sedums, Thymes, Acantholimums, &c., and the Fern nook is fresh and cool with the just perfected fronds of most of our best hardy Ferns, the perfect mass of Adiantum pedatum bearing witness that slugs and other plant destroyers are not plentiful at Grasmere. Among the foliage plants some startling specimens will be found, such as Polygonum cuspidatum, 9 feet high and 12 feet across ; a fine collection of Funkias, many of them 4 to 5 feet across ; huge Rheums, Heracleums, &c. The collection of hardy variegated plants is also very interesting and extensive. Among the great quantity of miscellaneous plants in bloom, conspicuous were Aslilbe Aruncus, 7 feet across, with its long plumes of white fiowers ; Mertensia sibirica, Clematis erecta, Veronica rotundifolia, Isopyrum thalictrioides. Cam- panula, Trachelium album plenum. Geranium armenum, Myosotis palustris semperflorens, Rubus spectabilis, both the crimson and the yellow-fruited variety in flower and fruit ; different varieties of Cistus, Helianthemum, Chrysobactron Hookeri, many bulbous plants, and other things lovely to look upon, but too numerous to particularize. A long hedge of Pyrus Maulei, with bushels of fruit on, however, must not be forgotten ; neither must Mrs. Stevens' elegant arrangements of cut hardy flowers indoors— they are really artistic. J. O'B. LILIUMS IN FLOWER. L. Parryi, Watson.— a very handsome species, growing from 2 — 6 feet high, with from two to twelve flowers— rarely as many as twelve, but often with ten. I have one at present with that number in different stages. Perianth funnel-shaped, canary-yellow, sparingly dotted with purple, some flowers quite free of spots, segments 3—4 inches long, spreading on the tips, slightly reflexed. Leaves very irregularly dis- posed, sometimes in verticils, or variously alternated ; the bulbs are rhizomalous and jointed, increasing rapidly especially in peaty soil, and may be divided without injury thereto. There is no doubt this Lily has a preference for peat, although amenable to culture in ordinary garden soil. I have several in various kinds of soil, also in pots of ordinary Lily compost, but none are so fine as one planted in a damp peat bed— this is just about 5 feet high, still growing very vigorous and floriferous. Under natural conditions we are informed this species affects damp boggy posi- tions in the San Gorgonio Pass and San Bernandino county. South California. It is now flowering in many parts of this country, and although comparatively scarce it will ultimately become a general favourite, as it is by no means fastidious or miffy. L. Leichtlini, Hook, fil.— A very lovely species from Japan, admirably represented in Bol. Mag., t. 5673. Stem I J— 3 feet high, brownish, clothed with narrow lanceolate leaves, pointing upwards — racemose at the top. Flowers from 1—6 in number ; perianth segments 3—4 inches long, clear lemon, copiously spotted with claret-coloured well defined spots, sharply refle.xed, the flower almost assuming a globular form. The slender stems have a curious habit of running under the surface of the soil, and if you place a bulb in the centre of a pot it is quite likely to appear near the side. I find this species also delights in a mixture of peat and leaf soil, my finest specimen being in a damp bed planted in such a com- post. It is flowering very freely this season, and the individual blooms are very fine. It is evidently very plentiful in Japan, as it can be secured in quantity large enough to make it much more plentiful than it is ; of course the high figure which has up to the pre- sent been asked for it has deterred many from secur- ing it. L. LONGIFLORUM, Thunb., and its varieties.— The typical form is an excellent Lily, although some of its varietal forms are really superior to it for decora- tive purposes ; those forms referred to have undoubt- edly been brought into existence through the skilled horticulture of the Japanese, and it is very question- able how much their handiwork has been instrumental 8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7. 1883- in originating kinds which are regarded as natural species and varieties. Looking at different sections of Lilies, I am very doubtful respecting the position of many varieties. There is no doubt the hybridisation of Lilies in this country is in its infancy, and in a few years forms may evolve which will be simply astonish- ing in comparison with the present existing forms. L. longiflorum is well known as the common white Trumpet Lily, with stems from I to 3 feet high, with shiny narrow leaves and white funnel-shaped peri- anth ; tube 3 to 4 inches long, widening towards the top, while the limb is much more dilated, with short reflexed segments. In noticing the varieties of this 1 will confine myself to the more pronounced of them. Eximium has a longer and narrower tube than the type, while the limb is also broader, with more sharply revolute segments, and I think of greater consistency and purer white. This variety is to my mind the finest ot all. The form known as Takesima produces very broad - limbed flowers, with spreading, but not reflexed flowers, while the tube is not quite so long as that of eximium, and it really seems more floriferous and vigorous than either of these described. The new variety about which we have heard so much under the name of Harrisi is nothing more than a vigorous • growing form, with narrow- pointed leaves, and long-tubed flowers ; the latter closely approach those of eximium, but as to its perpetual- flowering qualities, at present there is nothing in my bulbs to indicate anything more than the ordinary habits of longiflorum. Mr. Williams, I learn, insists that fresh stems are sent up immediately the preceding one has flowered, so as to produce a constant succes- sion of flowers. It would be extremely interesting if cases where this has occurred were reported, the bona fides of which no one could doubt, as I, among many others, very much doubt if such a characteristic shows itself in any Lily, and did not for a moment expect to find it in this variety. Lilivm July 2. EPIDENDRUM lONOCENTRUM, u. sp.- Much in the way of Epidendrum Brassavolac, but larger. It has a shorter, broad bulb of a fine dark green colour, a raceme of 20—24 flowers, which are said to surpass those of the above-named species. The sepals and petals are lemon coloured, greenish-brown. The centre of the white lip is of the finest violet or purple. This curious and rare species was found by Messrs, Endres and Pfau. Warscewiczella picta, n. sj).f Much in the way of Warscewiczella discolor, but much rarer, and very curious. Its chief difference consists in the lip. The tablet-like greenish basilar callus has two teeth in front, and a few parallel ones on the sides. The rhomboid blunt acute much crisped lacinia of the lip is yellowish-white, with very numerous marginal deep purple broad lines, and a brownish border on each side of the base. Petals white. Sepals pale greenish, or yellowish-white. Column whitish, with some dark spots on the base, about the colour of which I have no memorandum. This very fine plant was discovered by late Endres, and lately found again by M. Pfau. If. G. Rchb.f, OdONTOGLOSSUM RUCKERIANUM SI'LENDENS, n. var. This surpasses by far anything that I have seen, and I saw a glorious set of flowers. To begin with, the flowers are larger, the petals and sepals much broader, the blotches greater, and of warmest mauve ; the places washed with lighter mauve are better painted, and the brown blotch on the disc of the lip * Epidendrum ionocentrwn, n. sp. — Affioe Epidendro Brassa- vo'k : pseudobulbo brevi (15") ; pedunculo mukifloro {aA 24) ; sepalis lepalisque lanceis acuminatis ; labello basi utrinque minute obtuse auriculato, callis ligulatis geminis obtusis ioler- positis, lamina Iriangula caudata basi ad isthmum brevissimum rotundata ; androctinii ligula posticadenticulata, alis lateralibus rhombeis. H, G Rchb.f. t Warscfrwiczella picta, n. sp. — Aff, W. discolori : labello rhombeo obtuso undulato ; callo baseos forcipato lateribus den- ticjlis nonnullis parvis. (Zygopetalum picium, Rchb. f. ; Sert. £ndr,tzb. g) H. G Rchb.f, is of the best colour. All the colours are as pure and limpid as possible. I had a branch of the inflor- escence of this grand variety from Mr. F. Sander, yet I hear the plant is now the property of the Right Hon J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Edgbaston, Birmingham. H. G. Rchh. '/. HOYA LINEARIS {Wall.) VAR. SIKKIMENSIS, Hk. f. (figs. I, 2).* Of all the known species of Hoya this is decidedly one of the most distinct and most easily recognised, its weak pendulous stems and narrow leaves giving it a very different appearance from any other in cultiva- tion. This plant, as its name implies, is a native of Sikkim, where it grows in the hot valleys at an eleva- tion of from 4000 — 6000 feet, and from its habit it is probably epiphytical upon trees. Our illustrations are taken from a plant that flowered last autumn with Mr. Dunn, Dalkeith Palace Gardens, Dalkeith ; from which also the Axa.v/\ng in iht Botanical Ala^azinevizs made, and not, as is by some error stated, there to be from a plant flowered by Messrs. Veitch. The stems are slender, flaccid, terete, and pendulous, clothed with soft spreading hairs ; the leaves are soft and fleshy, sub-terete from the very strongly revolute mar- gins, clothed with fine soft hairs, more appressed than those on the stem ; the leaves from their flaccid nature Fig. I.— hoya linearis, var sikkimsnsis: n at. size, CORONA MAGN. hang rather close to the stem except those just above the inflorescence, which are more spreading ; the umbels are terminal and 10 — 13 flowered, the pedicels are slender and hairy like the stem, the corolla is nearly \ inch in diameter, pentagonally 5-Iobed, more or less reflexed, and of a waxy white colour, the corona consists of five stellately radiating lobes of a yellowish colour. This Hoya will make a novel and handsome basket plant, and can no doubt be easily propagated from cuttings. N. E, Brown, Cypripedium Curtisii, n. j/.f It is very interesting to see how apparently distinct types blend by intermediate things. This Cypripedium Curtisii, of Sondaic origin, was discovered by the col- lector of Messrs. Veitch, Mr. Curtis, who has found so many good things, and whom we like much to com- pliment thankfully. It comes very near Cypripedium ciiiolare, and near superbiens (Veitchianum). The leading feature, that strikes you first, consists in its gorgeous lip of quite unusual dimensions, with sharp, acute side angles. One of the modern philosophers might teach us for what purposes this unusual sac is * Hoya linearis (Wall ) var. sikkimaisis , Hk. f., in Botanical Magazine, t. 6682. t Cypripedium Cnrtisii, n. sp.— Aff. C. superbienti et cilio- lari : sepalo impari elliptico acuto ; tepalis angustis acutis bre- vioribus magis distanter ciliatis ; labelli ungue facie aequalJ, angulis parvis lateralibus optime acutis, facie maximo obtuse intended. All the hairs around the petals and the sepal are much shorter, thinner, and more distant than in Cypripedium ciiiolare. The petals would appear to be much narrower, of course, descending, as in the other species of the group. The spots are generally much smaller than in Cypripedium ciiiolare, where bigger ones are spread over the whole lamina, whereas such ones are only here on the margin. They appear, however, not to be found at all at the top of the petals in ciiiolare, whereas they are very numerous in thatspot in our species. My materials of Cypripedium ciiiolare are, however, not rich. Two fresh plants were sent me kindly by Mr. F. Sander to judge the difference in the leaves. If these plants are quite normal, then the leaves of both species are very distinct. They are far broader, far more acute in our novelty, and washed with much darker hieroglyphic marks on a darker ground. We are becoming very rich in Cypripedia. H. G, Rchb.f. Oncidium nigratum. Among the many new and rare Orchids now in bloom at Messrs. James Veitch & Son's, King's Road, Chelsea, is the curious and beautiful Oncidium nigratum described at p. 790, vol. xix. It is sur- prising how so small a plant could send out such a heavy spray of these beautiful starry flowers, like those of Odontoglossum nsevium, but smaller. A BUCKINGHAMSHIRE GARDEN.— IX. yum 6.— It is difficult to know what to say about the garden in June ! There is so much to say I can hardly tell how to begin. The leafy month earns well its title, so grandly full-leaved are the trees ; in finer leaf, I think, than they have been for many a year. The Elms stand out against the sky in rounded blocks of green, and in the Lime avenue the broad leaves meeting overhead are round and pure in outline, untouched as yet by destroying worms, untorn by tempests. The young Chestnuts along the little watercourse are nearly twice the size they were last summer, when cruel winds had left them only a few ragged discoloured leaves. The flower-spikes of one Chestnut within the garden measure near a foot in length. The great red Horse Chestnut is red all over ; it is a mass of blossom, almost from the ground, upwards to the very top. The tree is a fine sight, and if it were not so common one scarcely could tire of admiring it. The season makes a great difference in the colouring of the blossoms. Sometimes they come out almost yellow from too little sun and too much rain ; but in the rich floraison of to-day their colour is almost crimson. Then the Thorns are, or have been, in great perfection ; the branches of double pink May can be compared to nothing but bars of pink velvet. The double scarlet varieties are finer than usual, and under the hot sun their vivid colour is quite dazzling. We find them capricious, however ; some years there is more green than red, and when the trees were younger the red was finer. A little single Thorn draped itself down to the very grass in scarlet bloom ; but it lasts so brief a time, every petal now has fallen. It is a picturesque delightful tendency in all trees to bend and stretch out to meet each other; their branches love to touch and interlace. So, at this time, across many of our green garden walks, the flowering May makes beautiful red-gar- landed arches. Pink May and Laburnum in- terweave their branches, and in another place a Cherry and a Thorn have succeeded in meeting. A little further on an Apple reaches out long arms above the turf, to touch a copper Beech. Here, in this corner, there is also Laurel ; and Brake Fern, spring- ing of itself, will soon be tall enough to reach almost the Apple branches. The Beech on either side the alUe verte embower the walk, while along the outmost line their slender drooping shoots stretch themselves to meet and embrace more staid and slow young Elm branchlets, spreading from the great old trees. The nightingales' old White Thorn shone white like a great snow mountain for about ten days, surpassing all the rest in beauty ; and not far from it, deep in a thorny thicket of Blackberry mixed with Ivy and Nettles, we found the nightingale's nest. I often visited her, and she would lie close, with head laid back, and bright black, watchful eye fixed full upon me ; but I never saw her strange smoked eggs, because she would never stir from the nest. Massive gleams — if such an anomaly can be said — of yellow, Spanish and conico : staminodio transverso altiusculo lato, dente introrso utrinque extus, apiculo mediano. In ins. Sondaic det. cl. Curtis eel. mere. J. Veitch & Son, viatori. H, G. Rchb. f. July 7, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CITRONTCLR. English Broom, shining between green trees in contrast with paler gold of overhanging Laburnum. I wonder, by the way, if the Rivieira Broom would live in this climate ? — I mean the Broom that grows something like a Rush, with the flowers set all down the polished stem. [Ves, if, as we suppose, Spartium junceum is meant, Ed.] In the orchard border an immense luxuriantly rounded bush of Weigela replaces the Pyrus of last month, the lovely pink of its blossom set off by the tender green around it. These are all beautiful bits of colour, and yet they are only samples, as it were, of what I should wish, and may partly hope for some day ; for a Laburnum colonnade is in contem- plation, and lilac closes, and golden cloistersof Genista, some day, there must be ! Something also should be made of the pale hanging clusters of Wistaria — a fergola, roofed in with its lilac pendents, or small bushes standing alone, in some grassy place. Our Rhododendrons and Azaleas are in great beauty, and since last year are much grown and filled out ; the season seems in some way to have pleased them well. We do not attempt fine sorts, though there is just a sprinkling of crimson and white, and a few others amongst the showy old pinkish-lilac sort. The broad border on the opposite side of the walk along the Holly hedge is filled with Rhododendrons and Azaleas; as yet only the common — yet always beautiful — yellow and creamy-white Azalea, filling all the air with its peculiar scent. The success of this border is particu- larly pleasant, for the young Americans made one rather nervous at times during the early spring — on days when the weather did not exactly suit them they would look so pitiable and dejected, with their leaves hanging straight down. Into this border were moved most of the aged drawn-up Rhododendrons that used to crowd the shrubberies. Here, with more room, they have begun to bush out healthily. Yet there is at present no peat or made-up bed, and the ground is flooded every winter. We think of giving them a few cartloads of peat next autumn just by way of encouragement. In another year this walk will deserve to be called "the Rhododendron walk." At the back of the border two double scarlet May trees are now radiant with blossom. About three years ago they were removed here out of the garden, where for some reason they had become sickly, and had ceased to bear. Change of air and scene has worked wonders ; they have increased greatly in size, and the move is apparently forgotten. Beyond these is the new orchard, deep in growing grass, and then the Larch walk ; and — and then — palings, if the truth must out. Beyond the Holly hedge, in the border, wherein we stuflF everything that has nowhere else to go, there is at this moment a white glory of snow-balled Gueldres Rose. In my ideal garden there shall be large single trees of Gueldres Rose standing alone ; not, as they generally are grown, " smoored up " in a shrubbery. But we have wandered far away from the beloved garden. Swallows are building in the garden porch. Over this porch is the Lady's Bower — so-called in old English houses — with Vine-wreathed windows. It is the chimney swallow, with the red throat. Their confidence and utter tameness, the perpetual darting in and out of blue-black wings (like tenderly domesti- cated trout ! as Mr. Ruskin says), and the conversa- tional cheery twitter that goes on all day long, are a continual feast. South, north, and east are the three porches of the house, and swallows in all three. At the north entrance they are more bold, but some- how less familiar. Darting shoals of swallows dash in and out, even through the open doors into the house, and two nests are nearly built. The family motto, " God's Providence is my inheritance," written round the porch walls, suits well such a place of birds ; while the footless martin, borne on the stone shield over the door among the Roses and Ivy — the swallows may also feel, not wholly inappropriate. Under the east garden porch, which is now green with Virginian Creeper and Vine — and will be in its season purple with Clematis, a pair of swallows are also arranging a settlement. Here, also, though not quite so wel- come, no one dreams of denying them. After the sun has turned the corner of the house this porch is cool and shady. On the threshold is set the legend, Nos el medilamur in Horto, taken from a sundial in a nun's garden somewhere. The invitation, I think, is generally disregarded. Many cross that threshold to walk in the garden and admire the flowers, or to cross the lawn for the tennis-court, or perhaps — to smoke. But I do not think people often meditate much in the garden in these days. Dogs do some- times as they sit in the sun. But I wonder how it is done ! From the south front a lot of Everlasting Pea has .// ''^eua dN m. Fig 2 - HOVA LINEARIS : TO SHOW THE HABIT. wound itself round between the walls and the Yew buttress, taking up fully one half of the porch. It is well named Everlasting 1 One has nothing to do but to dig it up, and cut and hack it away, and the next year it will appear strong and hearty, and in double quantity. It takes no hint that there may be too much of a good thing 1 And yet, when it looks so fresh and handsome, with its large bright flowers, it would be cruel to wish it away. So let it be, to teach its lesson and to smother as it will. The while Irises are nearly over, and wood Strawberries are beginning to redden, under the windows. An old Maiden's Blush Rose, covered with buds, begins to peep in at the dining-room window on one side, and on the other is the lovely pink of a most perfect Moss Rose. The parterr in front of the window is bedded out, of course. I know that it soon will be a blaze of well chosen colour ; but excepting the golden mount of Stonecrop in the centre, I do not take any great per- sonal interest in its summer phase. It is fortunate for the garden's character, that this should be so ; for as the invention of new combinations of plants and colours would be to me impossible, this is left always in our gardeners' hands, with full confidence that the result will be as perfect as such things can be. From the dining-room window, we can also see, between the Sumac and a Box-tree, near where a Pseony showers crimson on the Daisies, a tiny mound of turf. It has been there since the end of last month ; and under it lies the dear little favourite of nine summers— the little black Skye terrier. We can now almost walk all round the garden in deep cool shade ; such growth the trees have made ! The broad walk must always be exposed to the sun ; but from the west of it, across the lawn where the old bowling green once was, the distance from shade to shade lessens year by year, as the trees grow on. There is alcharming well-shaded welt along the grass, of purple Pansies and white Pinks, in two thick lines ; and on the other side a very bright dash of Lirananthes Douglasii has made a self-sown edging. As if it enjoyed the pleasant coolness of a north-west border, one lovely double Narcissus beside the walk still lingers on in her early freshness. When hot sunbeams pierce the shade, every day I think must be her last. The Spurge Laurel has relapsed into the plain dulness of its summer state, but the Iris bank upon which it grows is as lovely as heart can desire. Cedar and Copper Beech, and one or two Firs, ca;t light shadows upon the company of Irises, and help them not to wither up too quick. The prevailing hue is lilac, with stronger tones and yellows intermixed. Each one in turn seems loveliest, but one chief beauty, has broad petals of soft grey, most delicately flushed, as it were, with pink. Then there are Lilacs marked with deeper lines — white with Lilac edges, and white, finely pencilled mauve ; En- chantress, and several yellow variegatas, with lines of red or brown ; pale yellow, with the three outer petals intense velvety-purple ; and one, pale bluish, with deep blue-purple velvet outside, and bright yellow brush, well marked. These two are much better than Darius, or the handsome sullen Versailles, The sober old Marquise, too— who is, however, more like Mrs, Delany in dove-coloured mode silk hood ! — after long delay, is there amongst the best. Does any plant exist who loves not a corner or an edge ? — I I think not one ; so a little corner here, where a narrow grass path crosses the Iris bank into the Beech close, is made especially lovely by the undesigned grouping of three Irises, enriched by a background of green Ferns and Beech. The centre of the group is a deep red-purple Iris (from Vesuvius I believe), a finely- coloured yellow and purple, and between them a pure white. These grow tall and stately from out their straight, stiff leaves, while a little Welsh Poppy, established there by chance, brings in its crumpled lemon-gold below with the happiest effect. Colour effects, wherever they appear in our garden, are seldom planned. Somehow it does not come naturally to think, "Here there shall be blue Larkspur and white Lilies," or there red Pop- pies and something else. But it is quite an exquisite delight to find the most beautiful accidents of colour, in unexpected places, all about the garden. Then these chances may give hints, which we can take or not. At a corner behind the dovecote there is a grand crimson Psony, mixed up with brilliant orange Marigolds, some of them black- eyed ;— red and yellow are splendid, if well used. Against the brown dark of a Cryptomeria elegans stands a tall Tulip like white china, painted and streaked blood-red ; at least it is over now, but I see it al] the same. This happened in the "Fantaisie." Then there is a patch of Welsh Poppy, growing just as one lO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July ?, 1883. finds a patch of Gentian, or white Crocus, on the Alps, and with it London Pride, a mass of feathery red, growing in the same way. Under the trees, one meets a pallid Columbine looking like a ghost, and just by chance, in the lilac Iris bed, occurs one rich carmine Rose. I do not even think the delicately refined colour combination of dwarf growing Gloire de Dijon Roses and bronze Heartsease was quite in- tentional ; they mix however, strangely well. And the next bed of pink Roses, Prevost and Jules Margottin, — and Mrs. Sinkins, white Pink, promises to be an equal success. One would fain stay for awhile the steps of the summer flowers in the garden ; but these bright daughters of the year, in long procession, flit by more swiftly as each new day arises. They are in such a hurry now to come and to be gone, alas 1 Even at this very moment there are signs of the quick approach of some of out latest loves. For in the east border, among crimson Pseonies and lingering purple Iris, appears already a single Dahlia ! In such a multitude one hardly knows which flowers to note, they are all so fair. But in the "Fantaisie," I think I could almost let the Roses go, which are bursting into bloom as bushes and as pillar Roses, — iust to keep it a little longer as it is now. Double white Rockets, and coloured, single yellow Day Lily, and puce-purple Columbines, and Irises and white stars of Nicotiana, rising over an edging of pink and white Phlox Nelsoni, — on the shady side of the border, now succeeding to the other— all these, and many more, set off by Cupressus and Fir, interspersed among the flowers beyond ; and flaring across the grass walk, a great fiery scarlet oriental Poppy. With the morning shining through it, the flower seems made up of fire from the sun itself— the very purest possible essence of scarlet. Several of these magnifi- cent Poppies light up the garden at different points. Their scarlet is a fast colour, neither wind nor sun will scorch or change it in the least, and in this quality it is superior to so many flowers, whose colours fly directly— some much easier than others. The brown Heartsease cannot stand the sun, while the large purple one is scarcely moved. The crimson of the Pceony flies; and the rose-red double Marguerite scorches quickly. Lilac (except in Wistaria) seems one of the fastest colours in the garden (raindrops standing all night in a half faded lilac Iris become a beautiful colour ! ) Altogether it seems that scarlet yellows, and colours in which blue is mixed, stand best. Besides the great scarlet Poppies, the Ilimi- layans are coming on in all their varied pinks and reds and whites; their large crumpled petals have the shape and all the transparent delicacy of rare sea shells. There is also a charming uncertainty as to the particular colours, or amount of doubleness to be ex- pected. Amongst the best are bright reds, with a clear white eye, and pink-hemmed whites ; and when- ever anything approaching a common field Poppy makes its appearance amongst them— as often hap- pens— it has to be pulled up immediately. Our Columbines are not so fine as they were last summer ; their flowers are not to large or so free in form. The Californian, scarlet and yellow, is quite a miniature of itself. There is, however, one fine plant with flowers pale violet and primrose, and the various tints of "crushed strawberry" are very lovely, especially in the double Columbines. 15^/;.- Here is the middle of the month, and the garden is more bewildering than ever ! For Rosebuds in countless multitudes are blooming everywhere in every part. And as the fashion is to call her so, we must allow the Rose to be queen of flowers, and since it is most true that Roses are " Not royal in their smells alone, but in their hue," so, though my beloved Iris has not yet faded from the garden, the Rose now must be worshipped. One by one we have already greeted many of our old best favourites. Amongst them Boursault came first, climbing the south gables of the house ; then Souvenir d'un Ami, large and full-flushed, at the very top of the long bare stem of a climber, any age ; then Gloire de Dijon, which though even more profuse in its bloom than usual, has a something not quite right about it this year— a sort of old expression, in the flower. After that, Maiden's Blush and Moss Rose ; a great wild bush of Boursault grows at the north end of the garden — the flowers are lovely, recalling a little in their colour and irregular shape what I remember as " the Musk Rose," in the gardens of former days. Coupe d'Hdbe, on the wall of the gar- dener's cottage, is perfect in scent, and shape, and real rose-colour. The yellow Brier is finer than usual, and Damask Roses are opening fast. La France, too — the Rose whose scent is made of the finest attar — has delighted us with half a dozen beautiful blooms ; Blairi No. 2, begins to crest the wire arches (one never hears of No. I !) But among the Rose joys which abound already, or that we still expect in endless succession, none are so dear to me as one little ragged bush covered now with small white Scotch Roses of exqui- site perfume. This little Rose bush is forty-eight years old to my certain knowledge. It was planted by my father in 1835, and may possibly then have been some years old. Since 1846 it has been mine. Last year it showed some sign of feebleness, so we moved it from the over-crowded place where it had been for eleven years into a newly made bed with a south aspect. There, with a companion of the same kind, it promises to take a new lease of life. Strange that such a little Rose should thus live on well-nigh half a century, calmly putting forth its leaf and bloom sum- mer after summer, whilst so many of the men and women who knew it once have passed away. It somehow makes one think of the old monk pointing to the frescoes on his convent walls and saying, "These are the realities, we are the shadows." One last word must be said for the blue and green of Anchusa italica at the southern end of the broad walk, and the beds of white Pinks (these must be the old-fashioned " maiden pinks of odour faint ") mix- ing their perfume deliciously with Musk, The beds and large patches of that beautiful white Pink, Mrs. Sinkins, are very good this season. They are, as Bacon would say, "fast flowers of their smell," in flavour like Clove Carnations. E. V, B, MESSRS. PAUL & SON'S HARDY PLANT NURSERY. If anything more were wanted to show the great demand for hardy herbaceous, alpine, and other plants of this class, it would be found in the fact that the great Rose firm of the " Old Nurseries," Cheshunt, Herts, have found it necessary to form a nursery of 6 acres at Broxbourne, especially lor their culture. The ground has been in the hands of Messrs. Paul for nineteen months only, but in that time all the preliminary work of trenching, digging, forming paths, &c., has been completed. A house specially adapted for storing hardy bulbs has been constructed on the system of the Dutch growers in Holland. Hedges and other screens adapted for sheltering seedlings, cuttings, &c., have been prepared and planted, and a new rockery is in the course of forma- tion, which will, as it ought to, be a pattern for others contemplating the formation of rockeries for hardy plants. It is on a scale of sufficient magnitude to provide space for thousands of choice alpines, and the stones have been arranged so that easy access can be obtained to all parts of it ; and, what is also ol the greatest importance, sufficient depth of soil has been provided for the plants that send their roots to the greatest depth. Two classes of stone have already been used, viz., Kentish Rag from Maidstone, which is brought up in barge loads of 70 tons each ; but for many plants Mr. Paul stated that he preferred a softer stone which crumbles a little at first, although it hardens after ; this is brought from Norfolk by rail, and is termed Norfolk Carr-stone. Adjoining the rock garden there is to be a space provided for bog plants, and this bog garden will have a background of heavy granite blocks which will be partially covered with suitable plants. Although the rock garden is not yet finished it has been planted to a considerable extent with plants that are doing remarkably well. Many are at present in flower, and show by their free and healthy growth how well they are adapted for the positions provided for them. It is needless to say that rocks should be arranged on the natural system, to show the way in which they crop out from the side of the hill or mountain. This is one thing, but the most important arrangement is that which admits of the plants taking firm hold of the soil ; the rocks are necessary to shelter them, and to provide material for them to cling to. The Dianthus family make the best of rock plants, and Messrs, Paul's collection contains many rare and beautiful species. The rather miffy D. neglectus was growing and flowering freely, at least freely for it. The flowers are large for such a dwarf, tufty plant, of a vivid rose colour : it likes the crumbly soft rock to grow in, and a porous soil. It died outright in heavy soil, D. deltoides albus, of much freer growth, was producing a mass of flowers, pure white with a bright red ring round the eye. It is a lovely little plant, and being of such free growth would do well in the front row of the herbaceous border. D. monspessulanus was producing perfect masses of rosy-blush flowers, borne on slender stems a foot high ; it favours good deep loam of a sandy nature, and would also make a good border plant. D. atrorubens, another dwarf species, with richly coloured rosy-red flowers. D. cruentus is one of the most striking of the whole species in the collection. Its heads of rich crimson coloured flowers are borne on upright stems, 2 feet high, and from its free growth would adapt itself to any soil or garden. D. hybridus abbotsfordiensis has very sweet-scented double purplish-coloured flowers ; an excellent garden variety. D. Mari Pari — under this name is a garden hybrid with pure white double flowers, which would be charming to cut for small bouquets. Primulas are being planted to a large extent, and Mr. Paul has acted wisely in giving them a north aspect, P, Auricula marginata is the prettiest form of the species that has been found in a wild state ; its slightly farinose leaves have a narrow white margin, P. capitata was also doing well ; this is one of the most distinct and beautiful of the whole genus. It throws up trusses of dark rich maroon-purple flowers during the months of June and July when most of the others are over. P, luteola flowers with it ; its soft yellow flowers and bold Apple-scented leaves constitute this a distinct and desirable plant, P, Munroi was also growing freely, and is an excellent late-flowering species, which increases more rapidly than any other, P. Wulfeniana, P. spectabilis and P. suffruticosa were also doing well ; and noticeable in a snug nook was a healthy tuft of that little gem from the Austrian mountains — P. minima. This species does not flower freely, but its isolated rosy flowers, an inch across on such a tiny plant, are very charming. P. suffruticosa is establishing itself well. Does any one know whether this species has flowered in Britain ? Some of the species of Heron's Bill are admirably adapted for the rock garden. Erodium macradenium is a dwarf, very pretty species ; the flowers are pale rose, with darker veins ; it likes the sunny side of the rockwork — a south or west exposure. A rare and pretty dwarf species, also in flower, is E. cheilanthi- folium ; the flowers of this are pale rose with delicate red veins. E. Reichardi, very pretty indeed ; the orbicular leaves cushion the ground, above which its pretty white flowers are very pleasing. Amongst the genus Catchfly, the prettiest little plant in the collec- tion is Silene alpestris ; it spreads freely into a good mass, and produces its pure white flowers very freely indeed. A distinct species. S. Reginse is very showy at a distance, owing to its striking scarlet flowers, A form of the Creeping Bugle, Ajuga reptans or alpina, raised by Mr, Brockbank and named Brockbankii, is extremely pretty, and succeeds in dry soil as well almost as it does in a moist place. Lychnis viscaria splendens plena is the best form of this species ; it is not very particular as to soil or position. A species of Phyteuma, P. Charmelii, was growing and producing its flowers freely on stems a foot high ; the heads of bloom are pale in colour. One would like to see the rather singular looking P. co- mosum grow so freely as this. Mr. Paul lately saw the last-named growing freely at Zurich in the chinks of the rockwork. Oxalis enneaphylla,'the riine-Ieaved Oxalis, isa very distinct looking plant ; it was growing freely and show- ing flower. Campanula Waldsteiniana, a small grow- ing, rather rare species, was doing well. It forms a mass of bloom. Edraianthus dalmaticus, showing flower, was doing well on a south andwest aspect protected by rock. Sedum Ewersii forms a pretty contrast against masses of the Norfolk Carr-stone. Lithospermum petrseum, a very pretty species, with pale blue flowers, which show two shades, like the common Lungwort, L. graminifolium, was doing well ; it is a rare species, not yet in flower. Acantholimon venustum, a rare species, showing flower : it succeeds on dry banks. Saxifraga retusa is very attractive. Arenaria balearica, clinging to the rocks and showing its small white flowers, is very pretty. Opuntias; such as O. Rafines- quiana, O. arborescens, and O. Camanchica, seem to do well. Leaving the rockwork reluctantly, and rambling JiLY 7, 1883-1 THE GAkDENERS' CHRONICLE. II amongst beds, borders, and pot plants, many plants well adapted to adorn the fiower garden are met with. Here is the pretty single Rose, Rosa berberifolia. A boxful of Anthericum liliago, producing its slender spikes of pure white flowers very freely. Mertensia maritima (the Oyster plant), producing freely its deep blue flowers in pots. Agave utensis, a distinct little plant and quite hardy. A distinct and good Compo- site flower for the border is llieracium aurantiacum ; the flowers, freely produced, are reddish-orange. Narcissus montaniis, said by some not to produce seeds, had two sccd-pods formed, and which seemed to be well filled. Houstonia serpyllifolia is well worth notice ; the pale blue flowers on small dwarf plants with round leaves are distinct and pretty. The dwarf Cistus florentinus produces freely its pretty white flowers on dwarf plants. Omphalodes Lucilice, in a well shel- tered corner, is doing fairly well, and is in flower. Amongst strong growing border plants Erodium Manescavi is very showy ; its umbels of rosy-purple flowers, of large size, are very handsome. Anchusa italica, in large masses of deep blue flowers, is con- spicuous, also the variety azurea, with paler flowers. Phlox ovata, with stems i foot high, clothed to the base almost with rosy-red flowers, is a splendid border plant. Agrostemma coronaria and A. Flos Jovis may well find a place in every large border : they are very showy. Tradescantia virginica alba is a very large flowered form with very pure white flowers. Geum miniatum, a very pretty form with orange-red flowers, is a hybrid between! coccineum and aureum. Aquilegia chrysantha is flowering in the borders in very large masses. These are a few, a very few, of the hardy plants in good form, and one may safely predict that this will in a year or two be one of the most interesting nurseries in the neighbour- hood of London. GRAPE CULTIVATION IN JERSEY. There are two or three objects of agri-horticultural interest in Jersey which invariably rivet the attention of strangers upon their first coming to the island. The profusion, rich tints, high perfume, and above all the early blooming of its flowers, is one of these attractions ; the universal extent to which the Potato is raised for the first of spring markets is another ; and the third shows itself in the large degree of culti- vation the Grape enjoys in the fertile and picturesque little land, where, putting aside those who are gowers by professional calling, there is scarce a gardener or petty farmer who won't point out to you, in some nook or corner of his grounds, a vinery more or less large, more or less good, under the "crystal canopy" of which he is producing black and white Grapes for pleasure or for profit. Moreover, "whene'er you take your walks abroad," whether in town or country, you will rarely — perhaps we may even say never — come upon either a pretentious mansion, ornamented villa, or even "a cottage of gentility," where the desideratum of a " glass house " for the fruit of the Vine exists not — Hie et ubiqiie is Vitis vinifera's motto here, and, indeed, in the Channel Islands generally. But need it be said that, as there are growers and growers galore in Jersey, so also there are Grapes and Grapes there — fruit in some cases poor in appearance, inferior in gustatory character ; fruit obtained one can hardly say how, but certainly by rule of thumb treat- ment, and without the faintest knowledge of the habits and idiosyncracies of its mother plant, and, per contra^ fruit which, brought to the tzawi^ of perfection by all the aids of science and art, holds its head high, and rivals — if, indeed, it cannot excel — the very best pro- duce of the very best Grape-growing localities. The London or provincial dealer will not hesitate in say- ing that, barring a very few exceptional and highly favoured vineries, he would rather deal with the Channel Islands hothouse Grapethan with any other of, so to speak, our home growths, and that for deli- cacy, fleshmess, juiciness, flavour, size and earliness, it ranks A I in his own and his customers' estimation. How long has the Jerseyman taken to become the extensive Grape grower we at present recognise his being? That he has had the Vine located in his habitat for many and many a century may be put down as certain ; for as we know that it flourished to a small extent in Normandy at and prior to the Con- quest of England, so we may fairly assume that it was transported from that duchy to the Channel Islands, to give it the opportunity of prospering yet more in their more genial and suitable climates. But, putting aside the time that Jersey may or may not have pos- sessed the plant, and leaving out of the question speculations as to any manner of way in which its husbandmen may have dealt with its cultivation, we come to this fact, that not two decades have passed away since they devoted their energies to the industry with such zeal as resulted in the exportation last year for the London and provincial markets of a quantity of Grapes exceeding lOO tons, the great bulk of which was the Black Hamburgh, with, however, a mixture besides of Muscats, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and, sparsely, one or two other varieties. The Black Hamburgh and the Muscat are the Grapes upon which the ordinary Channel Islands grower pins his faith ; few other kinds receive from him ihe slightest attention. We have just written " ordinary grower," and have done so advisedly, because we purpose briefly and roughly to divide the Jersey Grape cultivators into two broad classes, and to show how they both manage to output from their vineries across "LaManche," exclusiveof that for home consumption, the number of tons of fruit mentioned — lOO to wit. Several growers we have in our mind's eye will pardon our styling them the Inapts ; a few more we elect to call the Experts. To begin with the former. They have sited their glasshouses anywhere, in any handy nook or corner of their grounds. They have contented themselves with the ordinary soil for their borders ; taken no note of its component character, whether that salt was in excess, this in deficiency ; they have certainly gone to the manure-heap for their fertiliser, but that is all. Up to a certain point they have pruned their Vines, thinned their fruit, watered and ventilated ; and they have obtained crops, sometimes heavy and of good quality, but more often poor and inferior. Their Vines — it is a tolerant and enduring sufferer is Vitis vinifera — have flourished up to a given point, but then, feeling the want of their natural sustenance, have fallen away, pined, and ceased from bearing good fruit ; although we admit that harsh, acrid, dry bunches of berries will for many years be found upon them, for the longevity and fructification of the Vine is proverbial. The Expert — we have two or three in view, though for description's sake we select one — has taken care to give such an aspect to his vineries that his Vines shall enjoy all the advantages of sunshine and heat together with the genial influences of the temperate atmosphere of the island. The manure-pit which the Inapt, as before said, depends upon is quite a secondary consideration with him we are noting. Once in five years he gives a dressing of a mixture of poultry and good stable-manure to his borders ; another year he uses therein slaked or sulphate of lime, and in the intervals between the animal and alkaline donations he employs a fertiliser of phos- phates and nitrogenous salts — a composition of his own. As to his resorting to deer parks, or to old pastures, for the material for his borders, as recom- mended by so many authorities, without for one mo- ment deprecating the method, the gentleman in ques- tion might just as easily go to Jerusalem for the soil of Palestine. They have no existence in Jersey. But this is how he sets to work : — He first carefully analyses that portion of Mother Earth whereon he has built, or is about to build, his vinery ; and, thus cognisant of what its components are, and what they should be for furnishing to the Vine and its fruit their natural principles, he adds to the soil such salts and other material as he sees it de- ficient in ; and, as a general rule, he finds here in Jersey that lime and phosphoric acid are what it materially needs. He then equalises the soil of the borders, taking especial care that there is no differ- ence in any spot throughout where earthy components preponderate or are decreased, but that there is the proper proportion everywhere. So much for that part of his work. The Vines having been started in pots from eyes of well-ripened wood, he usually plants in the border when about i foot high, and trains up to the height of the roof of the vinery that same season, and the fol- lowing, lest by any overstrain they shouiJ be the least weakened, allows but one bunch of Grapes to grow and ripen upon each stem. It is then his prac- tice to cut back a certain portion of the Vine every year for six or seven years — until, in truth, it has attained its full vigour, and is bearing to the entire extent of the roof, by which time the Grapes are equal in size and in quality from the top to the bottom of the stem. While the growth is going on the "fertiliser" we have hinted at before has been applied every three or four weeks for stimulation, and water, which the plant so loves, has been given picno rivo^ Under this scientific treatment the annual pro- duct of this Expert, already very considerable, will yield 25 tons at least of first quality Grapes every year, A rude outline sketch of this gentleman's properly may not be inappropriate here. It covers 14 acres, and has close upon a mile of glass devoted to Grape culture. One house alone, span-roof, is nearly 900 feet long by 132 feet wide, and is planted 'with Gros Colmar Vines just producing fruit. Another of the same size is now in course of construction, to be de- voted solely to Muscats; and a "lean-to," 600 feet in length, for Black Hamburghs, to be in the market early in April, is the finest he possesses out of ten other noble ones. AVe saw the crop of this vinery in bearing this year. There were hundreds of bunches of 2 lb., 3 lb., and some up to 4 lb. in weight, and "the purple clusters blushing through the green" in all their wealth of bloom and richness, were as pleasing a picture to the eye as a tempting bonne bouche to the palate. There are other Grape growers in Jersey, Experts in character, whose vineries, although not so exten- sive, come close to our acquaintance in the quality of their fruit, but space prevents our dwelling upon them. Enough has been said to substantiate the fact of the large share in the Grape trade the wee islet occupies, H. L. C. THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— V- (Continued from p. 788, voK xix.) Sub-genus Tulipa proper. — Stigma sessile. Section 3. Gesnerianfr. — Filaments without a tuft of hairs at the base. Bulb-coats glabrous or furnished with a few adpressed hairs inside. Perianth cam- panulate, usually typically bright red. Leaves usually broad. Sub-section 3. — Peduncle glabrous. Perianth- segments all six broadly rounded at the apex, with a small cusp in the centre. 21. T. Gcsftcn'ana, Linn. — This is evidently the original stock of most of the late-flowering garden forms. It is marked by its large bulb, with the outer coats with a few adpressed hairs inside, robust habit, 3 — 4 broad leaves, glabrous erect peduncle, large campanulate flower with all the six segments broadly rounded at the apex, when bright red with only an obscure basal blotch, and by its very large crisped stigmas, which are half an inch in diameter. There are wild specimens in the Kew herbarium from Sarepta, Prescott ; Odessa, Besser ; the Crimea, Steven; the Caucasus, Hohenacker ; the mountains of Armenia, where it ascends to 6000 or 7000 feet, Zohrab and Huet du Parillon ; Kurdistan, Captain Garden; and Songaria, Schrenk. Here no doubt belong T. Schrenki, Regel, figured Bot. Jlfa^., t. 6439, which represents the original wild stock of the species with flowers not more than I — 1\ inch long, Boissier's T. armena, the Florentine T, spathulata of Bertoloni, figured Bo(, Bex., vol. xxiv., t. 36, often called T. Gesneriana var. Strangwaisii in gardens, T. fulgens, Hort., with bright scarlet flowers with a yellow eye and yellow stamens, and the variable race of Parrot Tulips, T. Gesneriana var. Dracontia, of which there are figures in Redoute's /J/iaeciCy tab. 47S, and in F/ore des Scrres, tab. 2211, under the name of T. turcica. 22. T. macrospcila^ Baker.— Bulb, stature and leaves of T. Gesneriana. Peduncle glabrous. Peri- anth campanulate, bright crimson, z\ — 3 inches long, all the six segments decidedly obtuse, l^ — i^ inch broad, with a large, distinct, nearly black, cuneate blotch, with a broad yeilowish-white border, filling up the whole claw. Stamens black, one-third as long as the perianth, the lanceolate filament as long as the anther. Stigmas \ inch in diameter, much crisped. Flowers late in May. Differs from T. maculata by its large stigma and glabrous peduncle. Doubtless it is a hybrid between T. Gesneriana and some other species. It was shown by Mr. Loder lately at South Kensington under the name of " T. Gesneriana," and I have just received a boxful of it from Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son, of Haarlem, who have no name for it and do not know its origin. 12 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.. [July 7, 1S83. 23. T. platysligma, Jord., Ic, tab. i5. — Stature of T. Gesneriana, with four broad undulated leaves, a glabrous peduncle, a campanulate magenta-red flower 2\ — 3 inches long, with obovate-oblong seg- ments, with a blue-tinted claw with a yellow spot in the middle, and a very large stigma. Supposed to be a native of Dauphine, but I cannot distinguish it clearly from some of the garden forms of Gesneriana. 24. T. Koi-olko-oi, Regel. — A Central Asian species, known to us in England only from the de- scription and figure in the Titrkestan Flora, p. 136, tab. 22, figs. 6 and 7. Outer bulb-tunics lined with adpressed hairs. Stem in the wild plant 6—9 inches long, bearing 2—3 short lanceolate falcate leaves, with a crisped margin. Peduncle short, erect, glabrous. Perianth red, campanulate, the segments furnished with a distinct black blotch at the base, the inn^ oblong subobtuse, the outer obovate, broadly rounded at the tip. Filament lanceolate, glabrous, equalling the linear-oblong anther. Stigma small. 25. T. Boi-sczo-ci'i, Regel. — Another Central Asian species, closely allied to the last, of which we have good dried specimens in the Kew herbarium, and which has been figured in the Turkestan Flora, tab. 21, anA Botanical Magazine, tab. 6635. Dwarfer than Gesneriana, the outer tunics of the bulb densely clothed with adpressed, straight, pale-brown hairs inside. Leaves four, with a distinct cartilaginous very crisped border, the lower one lanceolate. Peduncle glabrous. Perianth bright red in the type, I^i^ inch long in the wild specimens, all the segments obovate- oblong, obtuse with a cusp at the tip, and furnished with a large brown-black Oculus*solis-like basal blotch, margined with yellow. In the form figured in the Botanical Magazine the flowers are yellow, without any basal blotch. Lanceolate glabrous filament as long as the yellow linear oblong anther. Stigma large. This and the last seem very near to one another, and to difl'er from Gesneriana mainly by the distinct blotch at the base of the perianth seg- ments. 26. T. Boissieri, Regel. — Bulb not seen. Stem slender, about a foot long. Leaves two, linear, grass-like, a foot long, not more than \ — ^ inch broad, quite glabrous, not at all crisped,- tapering to the point. Peduncle slender, glabrous, erect, ^ foot long. Perianth deep red, I J inch long, all the seg- ments obtuse, not distinctly blotched at the base. Linear glabrous filaments J inch long, equalling the linear-oblong anthers. Stigma very small. This I know only from a single dried specimen collected near Ramleh in Palestine by Dr. Roth. It is referred by Boissier, in Flora Orienlalis, to T. raontana, but the leaf is totally different. 27. T. tetrapkylla, Regel, Fl. Turkest., p, 141, tab. 21, figs. 8, 9, 10. — Ivnown to us in England only from the figure in the Turkestan Flora. Very dwarf, with four curved linear leaves near the base of the glabrous peduncle, which is not more than i — 14 inch long, and a yellow flower 2 inch long, with six uniform, narrow, obovate, obtuse segments. Anther linear-oblong, equalling the dilated glabrous filaments. Habit of T. Biebersteiniana and triphylla. The reference in Regel's conspectus to a figure in the Oar- tenflora is a mistake. The plant figured at the plate cited is T. triphylla. 28. T. Behmiana, Regel, Dcscr., fasc. vii., p. 219. — Known to us in England only from the description cited. A dwarf yellow-flowered species with bulb- coats pilose inside, four leaves with crisped margins, the lower lanceolate, the upper linear, a glabrous peduncle, a small yellow perianth, with all the six segments obovate-cuspidate, and linear glabrous filaments. Gathered by Dr. A. Regel on the banks of the river Hi in Central Asia near Iliisk. J. G. Baker, {To he continued.) \}\\ Iciikii cous oii(let{. Bloomeria aurea and Brodi.-ea ixioides. — The latter will, perhaps, be better known by the name which is usually given it, viz., Calliprora lutea, but it belongs to a section of the genus Brodisea. The present remarks have been drawn forth owing to what I consider the general confusion respecting these plants. During several years' observations and deal- ings with bulbous plants I have frequently known Brodisea ixioides substituted for Bloomeria aurea, and rarely vice vcrscl, as the latter is much the rarer of the two, and not easily obtained in quantity. Last autumn 1 received— rather thought I had — Bloomeria aurea from three dealers — two American and one Conti- nental—the result being that the bulbs obtained from the latter are all B. ixioides, while one of the Ameri- can lots are the same, and the other the correct thing — and many previous consignments have turned out in the same fashion, which is of course vexing. But such errors are without doubt unintentional, especi- ally on the part of the American- dealers, whose collectors might easily make a mistake ; but the case is different with our Continental growers, who are supposed at least to grow bulbs previous to despatch- ing them. And, to bring the matter nearer home, it is a pity that this same error should be affected by our British dealers in bulbs— I do not write without actual knowledge of its occurrence ; to the purchaser it is very unfair, as the price quoted for the Bloomeria is usually double that of the Brodi^a ixioides. The plants, although both yellow-flowered, and with um- bellate inflorescences, are nevertheless distinct, as shown by the accompanying sketches. Struc- turally they are decidedly distinct : in Bloomeria the segments of the perianth are divided to the base, and the stamens in one row at the base, while in Brodisea the perianth segments are only divided about half way down — rather more in this species — while the stamens are at the top of the tube, or upon its inner wall : a distinction clear enough for everybody. I may mention that the name of Bloomeria aurea was given by Kellogg, and the same plant is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5S96, under the name of Nothoscordum aureum, native of Southern California. Brodisea ixioides is known under the various aliases of Calliprora lutea (fig. Botanical Magazine, t. 3588) ; Milla ixioides, Baker ; Ornithogalum ixioides. Ait. f., Ilort, Kew, 2, 257. They are both well worth growing, the latter being undoubtedly the prettiest and more hardy of the two — excellent plants for pots or borders, being so very distinct and pretty. T. Herbaceous Plants at the Chad Vale Nursery, Birmingham. — Amongst those who in recent years have shaped their course to meet the revived demand for herbaceous and alpine plants, Mr. Vertegans stands conspicuous, the soil and climate at the Chad Vale grounds being alike of a nature to suit them. From the limited opportunity which a hurried visit admitted, the collection appears to be of a select character, which is as it should be ; no conceivable good can come of cultivating unlimited collections of these plants got together without judg- ment or discrimination as to their merits, as where worthless, rubbishy kinds are brought under the notice of those who have yet to make acquaintance with herbaceous plants, such are not likely to in- crease the liking for them. Amongst those largely grown are Anthericums, including the beautiful A. liliastrum. Phloxes, Pyrethrums, Rockets, Cam- panulas, Potentillas, Carnations, Pinks, bedding Pansies, and Violas, with a host of others of a like handsome, free-flowering character, indispensable in every garden where something more is required than the ordinary summer bedding plants, which are well enough in their way, but not enough to give that variety and seasonable succession which constitutes the charm of a garden. Ixias and Sparaxis do finely, and are largely grown. Amongst Violas, Queen of Spring as here seen was a mass of pure yellow, the flowers literally touching each other. Arnica Montana. — Will "Daf" oblige me by sending a flower and root-leaf of his Arnica montana to me or to the Editor of the Gardeners^ Chronicle for verification ? For, if it is true, I should like to enter into negotiations with him for a supply. I find Arnica montana a very difficult plant to obtain, and still more difficult to keep alive, common as it is in some parts of the Alps ; in fact, I have only once kept it alive through winter. I have a plant of it now in flower bearing ten blooms on one stalk, but the flowers are small, and I know that it will die after flowering. I have lately seen Senecio doroni- cum, a very different plant both in habit and ease of cultivation, sent out by a London firm as Arnica montana. It is true that the two plants bear a strong external resemblance ; but Arnica montana, if it would flower as it does in its native haunts — from which I have seen only dried specimens — is infinitely finer than the Senecio, which increases here quite like a weed. I find Arnica montana, both flower and leaf, accurately figured in Curtis' Botanical Magazine, vol. 42, No. 1749. The plant there figured was obtained from the Chelsea Botanic Garden in the days of Salisbury. C. IV. Dod, June 18. [The plants sent with this were Arnica montana var. angustifolia, and Senecio doionicum. Ed] FLOWERS IN SEASON. From Messrs. Rodger McClelland & Co., of Newry, come : — Spir^a splendens, a charming half-shrubby form, growing to a height of about 9—12 inches, and well suited for the rockwork. The whole plant is smooth ; stems flexuose, reddish ; leaves about ij inch long by I inch in breadth, oblong obtuse, coarsely toothed ; flowers in dense terminal clusters, deep reddish-pink, Hypericum sinense. — A good greenhouse plant of middle size, with sessile glabrous oblong lanceolate leaves in pairs, each about 24 inches long by i inch broad. The flowers are in loose terminal clusters, each with a long reddish stalk. The five sepals are ovate oblong, spreading, destitute of marginal glands, and much shorter than the deep yellow globose corolla. Campanula bononiensis. — A dwarf species, with small stalked ovate acute, slightly-toothed, deep green hairy leaves, and solitary bell-shaped corollas, each about \\ inch long, deep violet, and encircled by a much shorter calyx, the five lobes of which are linear. Calceolaria Kellyana, said to be quite hardy at Newry. A small species, the flower-stalks covered with viscid hairs, each flower nearly an inch long, with a short hood-like upper lip ending in a point, and a much longer bag-shaped lower lip, orange- yellow with reddish-brown spots. Jurinea alata, a Centaurea-Iike plant, 2 — 3 feet high, with bold lyrate leaves tapering to a stalk, dark green above, snowy-white beneath. The upper leaves on the stem are much smaller and " decurrent," that is, the base of the leaf is attached to the sides of the stem, causing the latter to appear winged. The flower-heads are numerous, borne at the ends of long, wiry, erect, leafless or nearly leafless stalks. Each head is nearly globular, i\ inch across, with very numerous tubular five-parted pale violet florets, sur- rounded by an involucre of very numerous small linear bracts in many rows, the outer greenish and bent downwards, the inner rather longer, purplish, and erect. Salvia candelabrum. — A very handsome species, with purplish stem ; flowers loosely arranged in erect clusters. Each flower is supported by an erect or ascending stalk with a tubular cup-shaped calyx with five ovate lobes, and studded with glandular hairs. The corollas are \\ inch in length, with a whitish tube and a two-lipped limb ; the upper lip is much the shortest, hooded, pale violet ; the lower lip has two small side lobes, and one central one much larger, rich violet, with a central white blotch, Sidalcea malviflora is a tall-growing Mallow- like plant, with deeply palmately divided leaves, the segments of which are lanceolate. The flowers are numerous, in dense erect clusters, rosy-lilac in the type, white in the variety Candida, Serapias cordigera. — A terrestrial Orchid, with purplish stems 12—15 inches high ; leaves lanceolate, flowers in terminal erect clusters, each supported by a lanceolate bract, deep reddish-purple, with a glaucous bloom. The sepals form a hood, beyond which pro- jects the relatively large trowel-shaped lip, of a wine- purple colour, thinly beset with whitish hairs, which serve to entangle aphides and other undesirable visitors. HYBRIDS. There really is no telling what surprises the hybridist may have in store for us. Till Mr. Culver- well, the other day, showed us a hybrid between the Black Currant and the Gooseberry {see p. 635, vol. xix.), we should have doubted, not the possibility but certainly the probability of such a cross, and still more should we have doubted the probability of cross- ing the Stawberry and the Raspberry. Nevertheless, we believe Mr. Culverwell has effected that cross, although at present he has not succeeded in producing Strawberries on Raspberry canes. With the speci- men before us, however, we can have no doubt that a commingling of the two plants has been obtained, and in future we may look for the fruit. The specimen before us has the stem of the Rasp- berry but without its prickles. The shape of the leaves, as will be seen from our illustration (fig. 3), is more like that of the Strawberry than that of the Raspberry, the three leaflets being closely approxi- mate, instead of the central leaflet being raised on a July 7, 'SS3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 13 long stalk, separating it from the lower ones, as in the Raspberry. The pubescence on the upper surface is like that of the Strawberry, but the under surface has the hoary appearance of the Raspberry. The stipules at the base of the leaf are more like those of and Hibiscus. Still by artificial fertilisation, or by recrossing the flowers, no doubt a change might also be brought about in the flowers as well as in the other organs. In the present case, Mr. Culverwell tells US the cross flowered profusely, like the hybrid Goose- dry core of the Raspberry, while the succulent pips of the latter are the representatives of the dry nutlet of the Strawberry. A botanist would be somewhat excited at a cross between the two, while the more practical public would hail with delight the produc- FlG. 3.— A HYDRID RASPBERRY. (SEE I". 12.) the Raspberry than those of the Strawberry. It is a curious circumstance, that in many hybrids the inter- mixture is manifest in the vegetative organs — stems, leaves, &c., while the flowers are either not deve- loped, fail to come to maturity, or show little or no sign of the cross. Thus has it been with the attempts at crossing Geraniums and Pelargoniums, Abutilons berry-Currant, which he sent us some time since, but none of the flowers set. We should have liked to have seen some of the flowers, as Mr. Culverwell does not tell us whether they most resembled those of the Raspberry or of the Strawberry. The botanical differences are considerable, and everyone knows that the edible part of the Strawberry corresponds to the lion of Strawberries on Raspberry canes. Perhaps the slugs might take an opposite view. At any rate, they are safe at present, for Mr. Culverwell has not yet effected this marvel, but with the evidence before us, which we may say was much more obvious to the eye in the fresh specimen than in the illustration, we at least cannot say it is not possible. H THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. cl|id ^'otcii and |kitninr|f). Odontoglossums and Masdevallias at Mr. Winn's, Birmingham. — There are few Orchids that make such a gorgeous display as Odontoglossum vexillarium, when existent in such numbers and vigorous condition as the grand collection at Uplands has attained. Promising as this species was when it first flowered, few were prepared for the sight which it presented when massed together in quantity, as recently to be seen at the above-named place ; the various shades, from deep pink to white, which the different forms afford, give a combination of colour such as to be found in few plants. Amongst them were some of the finest forms existing, alike remark- able for size of flower and depth of colour ; one plant bore thirty spikes, forming a mass of bloom which all but hid the leaves and bulbs. The large and well grown collection of cool species of the family fill a house 90 feet long, and are in equally fine condition. In the O. crispums are quantities of the finest large- flowered broad petalled varieties ; in all the varied forms of shading and spotting which this sportive species ex- hibits a considerable number were still in bloom. Masdevallias thrive most luxuriantly, attaining size and substance of leaf such as gives proof of the treatment they receive being right ; amongst them are all the favourite varieties, including the best forms of M. Harryana, M. Lindeni, and M. Veitchii, with M. bella, M. trochilus, M. macrura, M. Winnii, M. radiosa, M. chim^era Wallisii, and other varieties. In the large general assemblage of well managed Orchids here, Cattleyas and Laelias are deserving of especial notice, for their strong thick bulbs and stout leaves, flowering as these fine germs invariably do, where treated so as to exhibit their natural vigour. In them may be mentioned C. gigas, C. labiata, C, Mendeli, C. Warneri, C. Trianx, C. speciosissima, C. exoniensis ; Lxlia purpurala, L. Turneri, L. elegans ; with a host of others in a condition that gives promise of their continuing to increase in size and healthy vigour — a consummation of which there is little doubt, from the good light houses the collec- tion are grown in, and the rational treatment they are subjected to, by the admission of enough air, plenty of light, and an absence of more heat than requisite. Mr. Chamberlain's Orchids at Highbury, Birmingham. — Amongst the collection of Orchids that have been formed in recent years this is the most extensive, all the different sections of cool, inter- mediate, and hot species, are alike well represented, filling several good-sized houses. In getting the col- lection together, the sensible course of obtaining im- ported plants in stout pieces has, we understand, been mainly followed. There is much of the interest inseparable from uncertainty attached to this mode of forming a collection of these variable plants, not alone in the observance of the progress they make in regaining strength after the trying ordeal they pass through, by being stripped from the trees where established, huddled together in close packages during their long transit, subjected as they are to almost every condition opposed to that which their nature requires ; but, added to this, there is the chance of there being prizes or blanks in the good or in- ferior varieties they prove to be, when the flowers open, which collectively has all the charm attached to the hybridising and raising of seedling flowers. In the warm division Vandas, Aerides, Dendrobiums, and others of a like character that require most heat are extensively represented and are thriving well. Philienopsis, of which there are a large number, occupying one side of a house, look well and are doing satisfactorily. The principal block of houses, some thirteen in number, with a large conservatory and a Fern-house — the latter arranged in the natural style — are span-roofed, standing ends north and south. To the whole of these houses there is access, without passing out-of-doors, from a long roomy corridor to which they adjoin ; at the northern end, to the back of this corridor, facing north, is the cool Orchid-house, hip-roofed, wherein are grown the Odontoglossums and Masdevallias, along with such species as Epiden- drum vitellinum, Sophronites grandiflora, and other cool kinds, which look well, and from the character and position of the house can scarcely fail to continue to do so ; the cream of the favourite varieties of the differ- ent species are here located, flowering in a way that gives evidence of their well doing. The intermediate divi- sion contains a quantity of Odontoglossum vexillarium, blooming freely ; amongst them are some fine forms with large highly-coloured flowers, and others almost pure white. Most of the leading kinds of Lslias and Cattleyas are present, many of them in large numbers. C. exoniensis with four leads ; the C. Triana:s are very strong, filling one side of a house ; a magnificent example of C. gigas was conspicuous alike for its strength, as well as the size and colour of its flowers ; C. Warneri equally fine ; of C. Mossire and C. Men- deli several remarkable forms were blooming, with large finely-marked flowers, varying from those with almost pure white sepals and petals, relieved by the deepest ruby-purple lips, to others less decided in contrast of colour. There was here a plant with very distinct looking flowers, intermediate in character between C. intermedia and C. Mossis, considerably smaller than the latter species, ground colour of the sepals and petals similar, with a very pale lip, which is small ; it looks like a flower of C. Mossire with the fringe cut away. To all appearance it is a natural hybrid between the above-named species. Amongst Laelias, L. purpurata was unusually strong and full of flower. Vanda teres. — Just a word in reply to Mr. Douglas' remarks at p. 818, vol. xix. I have yet to learn that truth unvarnished should be misleading, and I simply related a fact as I found it, and this should not drive any one to extremes. I remember that some three or four years ago Mr. Druce's little plant was only a few inches in length : it had been dried nearly to death. I was asked what was the best thing to do with it, and I gave my advice thereon. Having seen it year by year since then growing into such a sturdy little plant, and then this year to send out three spikes with twenty-one fine flowers of such size and substance as perhaps was never before seen in this country, the question naturallyarose, what has brought about such results ? — and in my humble opinion it is the absence of severe drying, which too many subject their plants to. Those that know the flat that runs through West Dulwich, and the fogs that frequently last days, and sometimes a week and more at a time in winter, will also know that in a moist stove, the entire centre of which is an open water tank, that Vanda teres in its resting season could never dry in the sense that I have often seen it dried — that is, the extreme which I was aiming to correct. I have seen it growing in many parts of the country in the very best collections, and have often listened to some special treatment of the plant to make it flower, but have seldom seen plants that have been in some instances six times as large as the Dulwich plant, with more than two spikes of perhaps three or four flowers. I should have been very pleased to have seen the plant at South Kensington, or at least every lover of Orchids to have seen it in its beauty, and I am sure they would never have forgotten Vanda teres. H, James^ CastU Nursery^ Lower Norwood, S.E. Mexican Orchids.— For the cultivation of these plants M. Kienast, who not only collected them in their native spot, but also grew them successfully, recommends in the Orchidophih the following system of treatment. Abundance of light, abundance of moisture, free ventilation, especially at night, so that during the growing period — March to November — the growth may never be checked for one instant. In the resting season abundance of light — all that can be obtained, in fact — and absolute drought from Novem- ber to March. The temperature should never exceed at this time 10° Reaumur (55° Fahr.) by means of fires, which are injurious to Odontoglossums and Masde- vallias. Maritime species and alpine species are, of course, exceptional. The latter are soaked in summer by daily torrents of rain, and in winter by dense cold fugs. To this latter group belong Epidendrum vitel- linum, Odontoglossum cordatum, O. nebulosum, Arpophyllum spicatum, Sobralia macrantha, Odonto- glossum Rossii and its varieties, O. Cervantesi, &c. As to soil, it should be well drained, and consist of fibrous peat mixed with pieces of charcoal and sphagnum. Hybrid Orchids.— In the collection of Baron N. de Rothschild, near Vienna, M. Roezl, who ought to know, states in the Orchidophili that he has seen hybrids raised from the seed of Schomburgkia tibicinis fertilised with the pollen of Lrelia purpurata, and Sobralia macrantha fertilised by Cattleya Mossise. We simply tell the tale as it is reported, and await the flowering of these marvellous crosses with interest. Dendrobium Dearei. — The BuUetino dslla Societa Toscana de Oilicitltura for May corrects an error into which we had fallen when we stated that this plant was flowered first in Europe by Sir Trevor Lawrence, and exhibited by him on May 22 at the Royal Horticultural Society. It now appears that on the 17th of the same month, Mr. Ross, of Florence, exhibited the plant in flower at the Tuscan Horti- cultural Society, and received an award. The gardener's difficulties and anxieties in respect to this department are now beginning to abate — at least for a season. Having completed his more labor- ious work he can now watch with interest and pleasure the growth and development of the various plants, simply making at intervals a few careful notes of the worst and best results for his future guidance and advantage. His principal object now should be to endeavour, by good cultivation, not only to secure quick growth, so that with suitable training the desired effect may be obtained in the shortest pos- sible time, but also by neat and cleanly cultivation to cause the garden to present at all times a bright and pleasing appearance. Nothing conduces so much to this end, supposing the arrangement of the beds to be satisfactory, as does strict and scrupulous cleanliness in everything connected with the garden and its surroundings, as well as due and persistent attention to the numerous but necessary details of pegging, tying, and training into their proper and required shapes and positions. Every gardener is, or should be, the best judge of the most suitable method of treatment required in the garden of which he has charge, not only in respect to soil, but also in respect to the climate and other local and active influences by which he is surrounded. The liberal treatment adopted by some, with good results, would be found quite disastrous if followed by others, differently situated. As a rule, however, it is undoubtedly true that the occu- pants of the flower garden do not receive that judici- ous care and liberal treatment by the timely applica- tion of stimulating top-dressings and occasional water- ings with liquid manure which they demand and require to enable them to produce and maintain for a lengthened period that gorgeous display which is expected from them. This should be done not so much at the end as at the commencement and early part of their growth. With good foliage and good roots abundant and massive flowers are the certain result, unless the season prove exceptionally unfavour- able. Roses now require frequent, almost daily, atten tion, so as to secure large and perfectly-developed blossoms. A sharp eye should be constantly on the look-out for insects, mildew, and other injurious antagonists. This season mildew appears to be un- usually prevalent, owing, I suppose, to the sudden and extreme climatic changes, both in respect of temperature and dryness, which we experienced during the month of June. The best antidote is undoubtedly sulphur, and although it cannot be used with such good results out-of-doors as it can under glass, still if two or three fine dry sunny days occur after its application to the affected parts, it will most assuredly check its progress, if it does not effec- tually destroy it. The same remark also applies to the disease known as red-rust, but this pest requires even stronger measures to be used, and I have this year found the application of Keele & Hawes' insecticide most effectual in checking the growth of this insidious pest, simply mixing one part to eight of soft water and syringing it overhead. The Rose weevil is also a most troublesome and destructive insect, and often does immense mischief to the foliage and young buds before its presence is even suspected ; the best, and the only sure remedy is to daily examine the foliage and pick out the grubs. In dry, hot seasons red-spider will attack the foliage and seriously impair the health of the July 7, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IS plants unless checked by timely and forcible syringing overhead. Evety day the old blossoms should be re- moved and the defectiveand superfluous buds be picked oft', so as to ensure finer and more perfect blooms and and a longer succession of them. Tying, pegging, the judicious thinning of buds should receive due and constant attention, so as to secure them from injury by storms, and also to ensure large and per- fectly developed blooms. Should gross shoots appear they should be pinched when they have made a reasonable growth, so as to prevent them monopolising too much sap, to the detriment of the other parts of the plant. .Shrubberies should now receive attention by careful pruning of all superfluous growths, in doing which special care should be exercised to prune in such a manner that no sign of the operation shall be visible, while every plant or tree should afterwards present its natural and peculiar shape. Evergreen hedges should now be clipped, otherwise they exhibit a negligent appearance, which at this season of the year ill accords with the neat and trim appearance of a well-kept garden. T. S. C. The glorious weaiher which has burst upon us will prove most beneficial to the majority of crops, but the gardener must betimes anticipate the result of crops becoming dry at the roots, and at once mulch such as Scarlet Runners and Peas. Where the climate and soil are favourable a sowing may be made of some early kind of the latter, which will be the last of the season. A third plantation of Celery ought now to be made of some hardy kind to stand the winter, and, as previously stated, the red kinds are best for that purpose. Another point not to be lost sight of is to plant shallow— 6 inches will be quite deep enough — and it will be found to keep far better than if planted deeper. This is the month in which the year's supply of Cabbage is sown. At once sow the second lot of Coleworts, and after the middle of the month sow the early Cabbage, and the later kinds at the end of the month. We have tried a good many kinds of Cabbage, but prefer Ellam's Dwarf Early, Hill's Incomparable, Atkins' Matchless, and Wheeler's Imperial. These four are excellent kinds, and they are arranged in their order of merit. Large kinds, such as Enfield Market, are better adapted for market than for a gentleman's garden. Another and the last sowing of Endive must now be made. The Hardy Green, and Eraser's Improved Broad-leaved, we have found best for standing the winter. The early Potatos are now ready on south borders ; and as fast as they are dug the ground should be planted with early Coleworts, or early Endive. The early Peas on south borders will be over. Clear the borders at once, and plant Snow's or Backhouse's Broccoli. The ground need not be dug, but simply hoed over and planted. If the border is stiff, or hard, an iron crowbar will make the holes, and the plants will be found to do better in many soils than if dug, especially if it is light. Make another plantation of Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower ; it will be found invaluable in October and November. Make a sowing of Early Nantes Horn Carrot for drawing young, and thin out Chicory to 9 inches apart. The French Dandelion may be left twice as thick. If flowering shoots appear on Rhu- barb and Seakale remove them at once, as tending to weaken the plants. See that Vegetable Marrows do not become dry, and daily sprinkle Mushroom beds. Tomatos which are planted out under glass will require water once- a week, and as often remove superfluous shoots, but save all the blossom possible, and if the crop is heavy give liquid manure. Where new Potatos are required at Christmas now is the time to plant them in a frame or pit. Dig deep j plant some old seed of kidney kinds ; give a thorough soaking of water, put on the lights, and tilt them up back and front. Let them remain so, and disease rarely, if ever, comes under these conditions, y, Bust, Bridge Castle, Sussex. Iflelons an6 Cucumbers. Melons. — Those planted out some time since will now require the addition of a little soil to the hillocks, and it should be pressed firmly down. Should any of the plants indicate signs of canker in the stems ■ — which, it is almost needless to say, is the result of too much moisture settling on or about the stems — rub a mixture of dry soot and lime, in equal quantities, into the affected parts, which will, other points being duly attended to, arrest any further progress of the disease. Slugs are sometimes very troublesome and destructive in this department. They are not only partial to the Melon while in a young growing state, but also to the fruits as they approach maturity, when they invariably, if not well looked after, attack the sunny side of them, and thereby render them unfit for the table. This undesirable state of things, as most of your practical readers are aware, can in most cases be easily avoided by placing a plentiful supply of young Cabbage or Lettuce leaves in their haunts. Of these it will be found, on examining the leaves next morning, that they have partaken freely, whilst under those not so eaten they may be found comfortably digesting their salad feast, when, as a matter of course, they should be destroyed forthwith. //. IV. Ward. Cucumbers. — Frames from which Melons have been cut can now be planted with Cucumbers, which will make a good succession to those now in full bear- ing. From frames of this description about being planted Cucumbers may be cut until Christmas by attending well to the linings and external protection from inclement weather. Should woodlice be trouble- some, which is very likely, pour boiling water over their haunts. Previous to doing this, the sides and ends of the bed should be trodden down, to prevent the hot-water passing away too quickly, thereby losing part of the effect for which it was applied, and which will speedily reduce their numbers, . As, to use a homely phrase, " prevention is better than cure," repeat the dose a couple of times a week. If mildew or red-spider should put in an appearance, apply the usual remedies — a dusting of flowers of sul- phur to the former, when the leaves are damp, in the afternoon, and sponge the leaves with soft- soapy water for the latter, H. W. Ward, Longford Castle, jjlants and i\^\\ futtuiif. Greenhouse Hard-wooded Plants. — The floral beauty of many of these will now be past their best. Of the Cape Heaths, such as have faded blossoms should be seen to, removing them carefully. Hold the shoot in one hand whilst picking off the flowers with the other, so as not to bring away any young growth. It is not necessary to strip off the entire bloom at once ; by taking away the worst of the flowers the plant will have a fresher appearance, and last on in tolerably good condition a while longer. Those that have been lightly shaded to prolong their bloom, should have the shading with- drawn to prevent the young growths from starting away weakly. If repotting in any case is contem- plated, it should be performed as soon as the last of the flowers are picked off, the energies of the plant will then be entirely thrown into a fresh growth if the plant is in a healthy state. The roots will then quickly lay hold of the new soil, which is essential with such delicate rootlets as these plants possess. Do not let any fresh potted stock be exposed to heavy rains, it will be better to keep them under glass protection for a few weeks at least. With specimens see that the old ball is not in the least on the dry side, neither should it be too much saturated, but in such a condition as that the plant can be safely watered a day or two after repotting. Choose peat of the very best description, such as the common Heather delights in. Avoid such as the Bracken (Pteris aquilina) thrives in, this being of too spongy a nature to suit Heaths and other hard- wooded plants. If any fear is apprehended of the peat being of too retentive a character, some pieces of broken crocks (small) and knobs of charcoal may be worked up with the peat ; the best silver sand should also be added in a liberal manner. In potting use every precaution to ram the new soil as firm as pos- sible around the old ball ; with specimens this is a great point in their future wellbeing. See also that the collar or stem of the plant is not dropped too low down into the new pot ; leave what is sufficient room for watering purposes, and a very slight sprinkle of silver sand and the finer peat. Do not give what may be termed a top-dressing ; this we do not think advis- able with any hard-wooded, fibrous rooting subjects (Azaleas alone excepted). Heaths are not what might be termed surface-rooting plants ; a close observer will find most of the roots towards the bottom of the ball, and in repotting that is where a goodly amount of the fresh soil should be concentrated, keeping the ball sufficiently high to secure this end, pressing the surface down quite firm after having removed most of the sticks, or sufficient of them to work the fingers over the same. During damp or showery weather keep a sharp watch on any inroad of mildew. E. Cavendishiana, E. affinis, and the tricolor sections are the most liable to be attacked ; dusting with sulphur is the best remedy. In the case of large, dense speci- mens the sulphur should be thoroughly mixed with water and forced well into the central part of the plant. Late blooming kinds of Heaths, such as E. Fairrieana, Marnockiana, retorta major, and others should be exposed to the full sunshine to heighten the colours of their blossoms ; take care, however, not to expose them to heavy rains when once the flower-trusses are deve- loped. Pimeleas will now be starting into new growth ; any remaining flower-trusses should be removed, and stray shoots shortened back to keep the plants shapely ; during hot weather slight syringing in the afternoon will be beneficial, and also prove a check to red spider, which will at times attack them. We have found a slight amount of good yellow loam to suit them, in addition to peat when any repotting has been per- formed. The Aphelexis will now be past their best ; the flowers, if taken before much faded, come in useful in the winter with other everlastings. A frequent mistake is made in cutting these off with a knife, instead of which they ought to be broken out close home to where the shoot for the following season is being pushed forth ; any portion that is left with the object of another growth being formed will be found to be in vain, besides making the plant look scrubby. Dracophyllum gracile should be gone over in like manner, taking off the old spike just above the young growth ; a pair of Vine scissors would do for this work. Be very cautious not to over- water this subject at this season ; during the flowering period a greater amount will have been required, but no such demand exists aflewards. Treat them like a hard-wooded Heath in this respect. The Dracophyllum is more liable to die off just after flowering than at any other time, caused, no doubt, by the extraordinary freedom with which it flowers, and the consequently greater strain on the plant. Of Boronias, two comparatively newly introduced species — B. megastigma, valuable for the delicate per- fume of its flowers, and B. elatior for its colour — are both thoroughly deserving of cultivation in the most limited collections. These species will bear slightly cutting over to keep them within bounds. The com- pact growing B. serrulata does not need this, but be- ware of white-scale on this latter kind. Give the two first-named shifts where necessary, using soil as ad- vised for Heaths. Chorozemas that are needing attention at the root should be looked to now they have well broken into new grewlh. Darwinia (Heda- roma) tulipifera, if it has carried a good crop of bloom this summer (which it does not generally do two seasons In succession), may be more advantageously repotted than if left to another year, provided the in- dications point to this end. If left to another season, perhaps the growth made would be too vigorous to produce flower, thereby missing (partially) the second year. Keep young growing stock of Pleroraa clegans pinched to produce a good bottom, and give a shift if pot-bound. Flowering plants of this old but valuable Melastomad will now be showing for bloom, the pro- tection of a greenhouse should be accorded them and a slight dewing in the afternoon will be beneficial. The more robust growing greenhouse Rhododendrons, if requiring a shift, may be seen to as soon as the flower-buds are formed, if done earlier a too vigorous growth might be the result, with no blossom the follow- ing season, fames Hudson, Gunnersbury House Gardens, Acton, W., July 3. Peaches anb ]S(ectarines. As the trees in the second house become cleared of fruit, treat them according to the directions given in my last Calendar. The trees in the third house should now be swelling off and ripening their fruit, and should be assisted in doing so by a liberal supply of tepid manure-water. Trees in succession-houses may also be assisted in the same manner, and should now have the young shoots tied in close and straight, stopping any laterals or strong shoots, and getting the fruit well up above the foliage before they com- mence colouring, by means already given in former Calendars. Very little fire-heat will now be required, if we have a continuation of the nice warm weaiher we are now having. Any houses that require pushing on to have them ripe by a given time may be shut up early, allowing the temperature to run up to 90" with sun-heat, having every available surface well saturated with moisture ; this will bring them on better than using much tire-heat. Carry out direc- tions already given as to late houses, keeping them as cool as possible during hot weather, J. iValiis, Kede Gardens ^ July 3. X6 THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ■ Royal Horticultural Society : Mcetitig of Fruit and Floral Committees, at ii A M. ; Scientific Committee, at i p.m. Rose Shows at Hereford, O-xford, Ipswich, Tuesday, July lo \ and Livarpool. Sale of the late Mr. G. Wright's Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale of Imported Orchids, at Trotheroe & L Morris' Rooms, r Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society's I Show. EalinK Flower Show. Lee and Elackheath Flower Show, at The Cedars. Lee. Flower Show in the Hull Botanic Garden (three days). Sale ol Imported Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. National Rose Society's Show, at Sheffield. Ludlow Rose Show. Sale of Imported Orchids, at Prothcroe & Morris' Rooms. July 14 — Weston-super-Mare Flower Show. Wednesday, July ii • July 12- July 13 BY the time this number reaches many of our reatJers the annual exhibition of the Chiswick, Turnham Green and District Horti- cultural Society will be taking place in the time-honoured Chiswick Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, and in this way some of the glory which gathered about the gardens in the old Chiswick days will be shed upon them again, and memories that still cluster about them will live again in not a few hearts. As men grow old their lives appear to become much more closely related to the past than to the immediate present, and remembrances of the time when society shed such a fashionable lustre upon Chiswick will be quickened, though the gathering expected to-day will be under new conditions and different circumstances. But as far as practical work is concerned Chis- wick in the present day is perhaps as dear to horticulturists as it ever was ; the work now being done there is worthy of the Society, and as well done under the circumstances as it is comprehensive in character. Visitors to Chiswick at the present time will find the gardens in excellent condition, with aspects of interest multiplying daily. The fruit crops here — as in the large fruit gardens which clothe the environs of Chiswick — are somewhat variable. The Apple crop is very heavy, and some of the young bush trees are absolutely laden with fruit, particularly such varieties as Small's Admirable, Cellini Pippin, Cox's Orange Pippin, Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Duchess of Oldenburg, &c. The Pear crop is probably less than it was last year ; and of Plums there are scarcely any. But who ever saw Pear and Plum trees looking better than they do at the present time, making a generous growth, and looking in the perfection of health ? The Apple trees generally, else- where as at Chiswick, have been much infested with caterpillar, but the heavy thunderstorms with rain have had a beneficial effect. On the walls there is a good crop of Peaches and Nectaiines, and a moderate crop of Cherries. Strawberries are a fairly good crop; the dry weather at the time of flowering appears to have affected many of the blossoms, and they became infertile. Sir J. Paxton, which is being grown in much larger quantities than before at Chis- wick, is first-rate ; and President very good indeed. In the large vinery the thinning out process is nearly finished— an almost stupendous work — and there is a very good promise of fruit. In the long vinery, formerly the cordon Peach and Nectarine house, the fine young Vines have flourished so grandly that there is a superb promise ; the Vines now completely cover the inside of the house, and very fine bunches hang thickly from strong wood. By-and-bye, when the fruit is ripe the vinery will be worth going miles to see. In the old Fig-house can be seen a very extensive and interesting trial of Tomatos in 16-inch pots. There are something like sixty sorts in very strong plants fast coming into bloom — all very clean and healthy. In one of the curvilinear houses there are also some Tomatos trained to the roof in fine fruit ; among them Trentham Early Fillbasket is very promising, being early and a prolific bearer. In the vegetable garden there is among other trials one of 102 varieties of Peas, all very pro- mising, and much benefited by the recent rains. Among the early varieties that are rapidly advancing towards maturity may be mentioned Chieftain, 2 feet, very promising ; Harbinger, 3 feet, very early, and a great cropper ; Earliest of All, very good ; and Extra Early White, also very early and fine in the pod. All the fore- going are decidedly in advance of William I. Of Potatos there are some hundred sorts sent for inspection by the Fruit Committee of the Society, and some forty in competition for the prizes offered by the Committee of the Inter- national Potato Exhibition. All are looking very well, without any sign of " curl " or indica- tion of the on-coming of disease. There is, in addition, a trial of early Cauliflowers, but one unfortunately likely to be abortive, because of the drought causing them to button-in prema- turely. There is also a remarkable trial of Lettuces, amounting to something like a hundred samples, that will in all probability be at their best in about a week. In the plant-houses there is much of great interest to challenge attention. The collection of tuberous-rooted Begonias is now in the best condition, and will well repay inspection. There are, as usual. Pelargoniums in great variety, and the group of Ivy-leaved varieties is a remark- ably good as well as comprehensive collection. There is a charming lot of Gloxinias, especially of the erect flowering types, mostly named and selected seedling varieties, with others coming on to succeed them. Indeed, the objects of interest in the various plant-houses are much too numerous to particularise. Of trials of flowers in the open air there is one of Sweet Peas, that cannot fail to be as instructive as it is satisfactory. It was a trial much needed just now, when Mr. Henry ECKFORD and others are busily engaged in the production of new forms. Many bedding plants will be very attractive during the summer, and they include, as is usual, a great deal of novelty. A collection of Pteonies now in flower amply repays inspection, and among the hardy plants in bloom, Pink Mrs. Sinkin is a pure white variety of great value, being large, sweetly fragrant, and freely produced. There is also a good collection of seedling and named single Dahlias. One gets a much better idea of the value of these when they can be seen growing in the open air, and can draw correct conclusions as to habit of growth and freedom of flowering. This is but an imperfect sketch of the various aspects of practical gardening Mr. Barron is this season carrying out at Chiswick. Visitors to the exhibition to-day will find the gardens in excellent condition, showing the care and atten- tion continually bestowed upon them ; and it is to be hoped that the weather will be fine, that the treasures of Chiswick may be enjoyed to the utmost. The Palm Forest at Elche. — Dr. Henry Bennet, in his work entitled Winter and Spring on the Shores of the Alediterranean has given a descrip- tion of the Palm forest at Elche, in Spain (see fig. 4), in the vicinity of Murcia, which it would be difficult to improve, so we here transcribe it (p. 258) : — "After a progress of some 20 miles Irom Orihuela, through this cultivated wilderness, we came to another valley, and then bursts on our astonished eyes an oasis of the African desert, such as we had wished to see in Africa, but had not seen — a forest of tropical Date Palms, extending over a vast region, many miles in circumference, and surrounding the famed village or town of Elche. The river bed was crossed by a good bridge, but in it there was no river. It had been taicen up bodily by the inhabitants, and distributed in canals to their friends and bread givers — the Palms. I remained here several hours and walked miles in the Palm forest, the like of which an Indian companion had never seen in the Tropics. There were canals full of water flowing rapidly in every direction and the ground was everywhere prepared for irrigation, in trenches, in squares, in parallelograms, banked up by the earth walls, 1 or 2 feet high. Water was constantly let into these trenches and squareb and allowed slowly to soak in, so as to moisten the ground thoroughly, wherever there were roots. Thus again was I reminded of the Arab saying that ' the Palm must have his roots in the water and his head in the fire.' There were Palms of all sizes from 20 to 80 feet high, of every shape and direction. Some erect, like the Trajan Column at Rome, others gracefully twisted or inclined. Sometimes they were growing capriciously, sometimes in rows or in squares, methodi- cally planted. The Date forest was evidently a valuable property, and the boundary of each proprietor's grounds was protected by walls, with doors here and there ad- mitting of easy ingress and egress. The Dates were being gathered Irom some of the trees, whilst other tree.=, someumes the same one, were in full flower. In some regions of the forest, where the Palms were not so close together, there were vegetables. Peas, Beans, growing underneath them, but this was the exception. Evi- dently the Dates were too valuable a crop, like Lemons at Mentone, for everything else not to give way to them wherever they could be cultivated, alias irri- gated. The land appeared to be a calcareous loam, but on examining the empty river bed I found it to be a mass of siliceous sand, so that no doubt the soil in the district is impregnated with silex. The Dates are gathered by boys, who swarm up the trees — an operation that was easily performed by a small boy for our edification. Like those at Murcia and Orihuela, they are of the solid farinaceous variety. The soft saccharine Saharian Dates which are imported into Europe, I did not see in Spain. In the Algierine desert and in Egypt this variety of the Date is more valued and more expensive, because it is the one chosen for exportation. But the solid farinaceous variety is preferred for food, as in Spain." Podophyllum in Formosa. — Dr. Hance records in the Journal of Botany the existence of a species of this genus in the island of Formosa, Pre- viously botanists only knew of the common North American species and of the Himalayan one, P. Emodi (see Ga^'deners' Chronicle^ p. 241, vol. xviii.), which has also lately been discovered in the province of Kansu. The discovery of a new species in Formosa (P. pleianthum) might have been anticipated, Exhibition at Ghent.— Visitors to the Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition in April last will retain a vivid recollection of the splendid display made by the Compagnie Continentale. We now learn that the Company propose to inaugurate a similar exhibition from July 8 to July 10, from 8 A.M. to 8 P.M., on the occasion of the Kermesse and races. A small charge will be made for admission, the receipts to be devoted to the retiring and bene- volent funds of the employes of the establishment. Here is a hint for our nurserymen, who migl t organise something of the same kind for the benefit of the Gardeners' Benevolent Institution, Phylloxera.— Just as we had expressed an opinion that this plague was lessening in this country we hear of its appearance in an aggravated form at Accrington. So far we have seen the roots affected much more often than the leaves, Chinese Gesnerads. — Dr. Hance de- cribes, in the current number of the Journal of Botany, a number ol new Gesnerads belonging to the Cyrtandrous division. Some are of purely botanical interest, but others, such as Chirita eburnea, Cj Julice, Bcea dictyoneura, and Primulina tabacum, are worth the attention of importers of new plants. The last named plant closely resembles a Primrose in habit. French Floral Gum. — Messrs. Hawes & Crisp have furnished us with samples of their gum, which we have tested on the flowers of the wild R!bse, which, we may add, in the neighbourhood of London are unusually abundant and fine this season, but the petals of which are particularly fuga- cious, and with excellent results, the petals being fixed without discoloration, Potato Culture.— At the half-yearly meet- ing of the Highland and Agricultural Society, held on Juna 20, Mr. Dudgeon, Dalmeny, reported that the directors had appointed a special committee to carry out the resolution of the last general meeting, and that THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.— ]v\y 7, 1883. Fig, 4.— a tlantation of date i'alms at elciie. (see p. 16.) i8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. on their recommendation the board resolved to offer ;^5o as a prize or prizes for the best variety of disease- resisting Potatos which had never been sold or offered for sale, such variety being a seedling of not less than five years' growth. Each competitor was required to send not less than one stone of such variety to the Society, under whose superintendence they were to be tested as to their disease-resisting properties for one year, at the expiration of which time the prizes are to be awarded. The produce of the Potatos is to belong to the owners ; but no prize will be awarded to any variety showing any symptom of disease. In accord- ance with these regulations five competitors lodged samples, which have been planted on ground on the farm of East Barns, near Dunbar, kindly granted for the purpose by Mr. Hope. Orobus lathyroides. — One of the most beautiful of the Leguminosse now flowering in the herbaceous collection at Kew is the subject of this note. It is a handsome species, about 2 feet in height, with bold foliage, and numerous densely-flowered racemes of deep blue flowers. It is a native of Siberia, and has long been known in English gardens, having been cultivated by Philip Miller in 1758. St. Bruno's Lily.— In Messrs. Paul & Son's Broxbourne nursery the giant variety of the St. Bruno's Lily (Anthericum liliastrum) is very beautiful on the rockwork, but it is a charming plant for the herbaceous border, to be planted in good clumps. It is a useful pot-plant when well managed, but plants of this description are apt to be neglected when grown in pots, and generally the border plants are the soundest at the end of the season. It likes good deep loam and a little fibrous peat. The dense spikes of pure white flowers are very lovely. A Discerning Public. — There seems to be no inconsiderable difference of opinion as to the dis- cernment of the public, and especially the metro- politan public, in the matter of taste in fruits and vegetables. Not one, but two at least, eminent gar- deners, though both perhaps a little acidulated in temperament, have declared that, in the matter of fruit, " Any rubbish will do for market purposes if it looks well and keeps well. . . . As for the ordin- ary public who buy their fruit, few of thera are judges of quality." So much for the London purchasers of fruit, who, according to a veracious Sheffield blade, prefer rubbish, and even hard, poisonous Peaches, to quality and ripeness. Not even this audacious writer believed this when he penned it, and we dare to say it is incorrect. But when we come to the subject of Asparagus we find other gardening writers holding a very diverse view ; indeed, the public is then praised as a "discerning " one, and it is this same London public, too ; and whilst we may differ from these conclusions as to the merits of big or litlle, long or short, blanched or unblanched Asparagus, we entirely agree that the public which purchases these things is not wanting in discernment, although it often has to pay through the nose for what it gets. But by parity of reasoning, if the Grapes are sour and green, and the Peaches hard and poisonous, so is the Asparagus, blanched to the texture of rope, and is as indigestible and flavourless. That view, however, the latter writers will not accept, and there- fore it remains to let the gentlemen fight the disputed point out. Our inference is that, somewhere or other, there is just a little inconsistency. Cherries at Richmond.— If it be the lot of Cherries to offer to the human eye the most tempting association that can attach to fruits it surely must be conceded that the Cherries grown at Sawbridgeworth excel all others in appetising influences, for finer and more richly coloured examples of several kinds rarely have been seen than were those sent to the Richmond show by Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, and which held around them during the day crowds of admirers. Of course these grand samples were grown under glass. There was as much finish and perfection about them as was seen in Mr. Hudson's grandly coloured dish of Lord Napier Nectarines, big as Peaches and red as Victoria Plums— or in that same gardener's superb Madresfield Court Grapes, with berries as big as Plums, The collection included thirteen dishes, and of Peaches the Early Rivers was a grand sample, big, black, and glossy, and rich in flavour as in colour ; Bedford Prolific, reddish-black, a superb sample ; Black Hawk, a beautiful kind, but, curiously enough, not found in Mr. Rivers' list; Bigarreau de Schrekan, very fine indeed, and Guigne Amonay, fruit smaller, heart-shaped, but deep coloured. The old May Duke enjoyed alone an intermediate position as a rich red kind ; and there were the old Bigarreau, the huge rich coloured Monstreuse de Mesel, Bigarreau Gros CoGuret, Bigarreau Napoleon, Lud wig's Bigarreau, and Early Red Guigne, Such richness and beauty as these Cherries presented might well tempt many to embark in the culture of such delicious fruits, for that they were as delicious as beautiful there could be little doubt. Messrs. Rivers also had good examples of the fine Princess of Wales Peach, though unripe, and good fruits also of Pine-apple, Stan wick's Elruge, and Rivers' Orange Nectarines — all fine kinds and of rich flavour. Such collections as these, publicly displayed, teach those ignorant of the merits of indoor culture how possible it is with the aid of glass to defy bad seasons. Freaks OF Variegation. — Variegation is so much a plant disease, if it be a disease, that scarcely anything green seems exempt from it. It was thought the height of absurdity when variegated Cabbages, Rhubarb, Potatos, Lettuces, and similar useful and edible plants, became common, and recently we have seen a plant of Telegraph Pea and a Scarlet Runner with golden and creamy leafage such as would, in the earlier days of the epidemic, have created a sensation. But when Plantains, Dandelions, Groundsel, Chlckweed, and even the pretty blue-flowered \'eronica chama?drys became freely variegated also, it seemed as if garden plant coloration had become burlesqued, and the whole thing was being made fun of by Dame Nature. The other day, at the Richmond Show, the well known firm of Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, of Hammersmith, arranged a big group of their wondrously coloured hardy tices and shrubs, and in this direction it was shown that variegation was perhaps displayed with more of charm and beauty than in any other class of plants. Some of these shrubs were actually devoid of green coloration, being all creamy white, just as others, like the purple Peach for instance, were all copper colour. Golden Elders matched Horse Chestnuts in the size and beauty of leafage, and there seemed to be hardly a green leaved tree or shrub of any popularity that had not its duplicate in a varie- gated form. The Oak, perhaps, shows golden or creamy tints less than most trees, but in other respects it produces such various formed and noble leafage, and in the autumn such gloriously rich tints, that absence of golden and silver leafage would prove no loss. Students of vegetable physiology might linger for hours over Messrs. Lee's collection with interest and profit. Mr. Hans Niemand's Nursery, Birming- ham.— The ever increasing demand for cut flowers and plants for household decoration, especially in the neighbourhood of large towns and the centres of trade and manufacture, has had the effect of changing the aspect of many nurseries so far as the plants grown under glass are concerned, where in place of the thousand-and-one species or kinds that used to be grown, the stock is now confined to fewer things, with greatly increased numbers of each, to which may be added better cultivation generally. This nursery, under Mr. Spinks' management, has kept pace with the times, as evident by the condition the large quan- ties of plants of the description above indicated are in. The new Balsam, Impatiens Sultani, is largely grown here, and better done in small pots than we have before seen it. It is moved from a warm house to an ordinary greenhouse as soon as the weather is warm enough, and in this way is much shorter and stouter than when kept longer in heat ; the flowers are still further improved, assuming the most vivid magenta shade of colour. The twining, small-leaved Smilax, so extensively used in America for mixing with cut flowers in every way where elegant drooping foliage is admissible, is grown in quantity in small pots ; the shoots run round thin strings and are kept trained so as to prevent their getting tangled — when wanted they are cut and the threads drawn out. Dipladenia boliviensis, planted out, covers half the roof of a house, and has attained size and strength such as few people would think it capable of, yielding in quantity a long succession of its beautiful pure white, yellow- throated flowers, which are second to few for bou- quets. It is about the only Dipladenia that can be better grown planted out than in a pot, and as such deserves to be" cultivated by all who have a warm tove. This, with a large specimen of Stephanotis, gives a supply of flowers for nearly on six months in succession. The ever-blooming Bouvardias— -indis- pensable where cut flowers are in demand and of equal merit for decorative purposes — are grown in quantity and well managed ; the double varie- ties, Alfred Neuner and President Garfield, with elegans and Vreelandi, are the sorts best liked. Double Primulas are a speciality,' and deserve the attention here given them ; a long span-roofed house is filled with the white and pink kinds. Origanum dictamnus is largely grown as a pot plant, its pink flowers having a pretty effect. Gladiolus Colvillei is grown in thousands for forcing, and a collection of different varieties of G. gandavensis are being grown, with a view to find coloured kinds to grow with G, Colvillei. Lilium monslrosum album, a longiflorum- looking plant, with persistently fasciated stems that produce a quantity of flowers, is found very useful for cutting. Abutilon Boule de Neige, planted out and covering the back wall of a lean-to house, gives a supply all the year round. Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora is largely forced. A good part of a house is filled with Acer Negundo variegatum in pots — selected plants, which afford a nice contrast to the green- foliaged things, of which quantities are grown at this nursery for furnishing and ordinary decorative use. Ferns are extensively cultivated, such kinds as are best for cutting or use in a small state. Amongst these a variety of Nephrodium, with distinct habit, like a miniature Sadleria cyatheoides, is an excellent sort for using in this way ; as also is Adiantum Lathomi, a drooping habited A. scutum, and a very effective Fern. There is here a market variety of Pelargonium named Edward Perkins, raised by Messrs. E. & J. Perkins, of Leamington, bright scarlet, with black feather in top petals, that is well worth the attention of those that require decorative kinds of these favourite flowers, as for habit of growth and profusion of bloom it stands in the first rank. Small Palms are well grown, a large house is well filled with Areca lutes- cens, A. sapida, and similar kinds that will bear hard usage. The Fruits of all Countries. — Mr. MoTT, of Leicester, has published a "preliminary" list of the fruits (using the term in its popular and utili- tarian sense) of all countries. The fruits are arranged under their natural orders, with their technical and ver- nacular names, their native country, the habit of the plant, and the edible portion, be it "seed, aril, cen- tral pulp, pericarp, or receptacle," and its quality. More than 500 species are enumerated, but we have no doubt the list could be extended by research in herbaria, botanical monographs, and the notes and records of travellers ; for instance, only two or three Tacsonias are mentioned. So far as we have seen the list has been carefully compiled, but it contains many fruits which are only valuable faiiie de fiiietix, Monstera deliciosa, with which the list terminates, is hardly to be called a herb. Under Solanaceae we miss the fruit of Cyphomandra betacea — sometimes met with in Covent Garden under the false name of Granadilla. Mr. a. E. Ratcliff's Nepenthes. — It is no unusual thing to meet with an enthusiastic amateur who makes a hobby of and attends to his plants him- self, and who succeeds when the kinds undertaken happen to be such as are more or less easy to manage. But it is far from a common occurrence to see favour- able results when the things attempted belong to a group that is proverbially difficult to deal with. We have seen and spoken of Mr. Ratcliff's collection of these singular plants before, and it is with pleasure we had again recently an opportunity of noting the progress it has made. Those who have had much to do with Nepenthes know that early in June is not so good a time as the latter part of summer to see them at their best, as then they have had all the growing season wherein to form their pitchers, which afterwards go off more or less during the winter. Nevertheless, the collection was in good condition, growing and pitchering freely. Amongst them is probably the finest example in the country of N. lanata, bearing some thirty pitchers ; this is one of the scarcest and most difficult to manage of all the kinds, but with Mr, Ratcliff it is unusually strong and vigorous. In this very complete collection the following are like- wise deserving of mention :— N. RanTesfana, N. bical- carata, N. Hookeri, N. Northiana, N. Williarasi, N. Morganise, N. albo-marginata, N, ampuUacea, July 7, 1883.) THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19 N. Mastersii, and N. Rajah, which here, as with most growers, has not yet been found so easy to manage ; but when its particular requirements have been hit upon, like other things that require something out of the ordinary run to bring them up to the mark, it will, no doubt, produce its. gigantic pitchers in their true character. The plants collectively are hung up near the roof — a position which they require to be in, otherwise they lack the stout short-jointed condition and high colour in the pitchers which adds so much to their appearance. In another house Dioncea Mus- cipula, Darlingtonia californica, and Cephalotus fol- licularisare doing equally well— an extremely singular and interesting trio, that any one having an ordinary greenhouse need not hesitate to try. DotJBLE Primroses. — All the varieties of double Primroses succeed well in the deep clayey loam of Messrs. Paul's hardy plant nursery at Brox- bourne. Even the rather mifty double crimson is doing well, but il is thought best to shelter this with glass lights. They are now being divided and planted out. To give some idea of the extent of the collec- tion, it is sufficient to say that of the fine purple variety. Primula Crousii fl.-pl., there are upwards of 2000 strong plants, The New Rockery at Kew. — In this the second season of its existence, or, as it might more fairly be called, the first, the value and beauty of this adjunct may be thoroughly realised, and we are glad to see the interest taken in it by the general public. Experience shows that the bog beds are either too small, or that plants of too rampant growth have been placed in them. This sort of experience has to be gained by all rockwork makers. The Corn Exchange Rose Show, which came off on Wednesday last in the new Corn Ex- change Hotel, Mark Lane, was considered by those best qualified to give an opinion on the subject to be one of the best that has been held in the same place, and we trust was the means of adding a substantial sum to the funds of the Corn Exchange Benevolent Society, in aid of which a similar exhibition has been held for several years past. A noteworthy feature of the exhibition is the fact that the only competitors are gentlemen actually engaged in business on the corn and seed markets ; and another point of interest is the regulation which claims all the blooms for the benefit of the Society, and which are sold by auction after 4 p.m. Of course, in an afl'air of this kind much depends upon the amount of enthusiasm engendered by the Secretary, and it is due to Mr. Henry Robiuns that we should say his labours appear to have borne good fruit, for not only was there a fairly good com- petition in most of the nine classes, but an even greater display of baskets of Roses shown, not for competition, but to pass under the hammer of the auctioneer. Besides the amateurs' Roses, some splendid blooms came from the nursery of Mr, RuMSEY, Waliham Cross ; Messrs. Paul &. Son, Cheshunt ; and Mr. B. R. Cant, of Colchester ; and of these no doubt Mr. Auctioneer had something complimentary to say. Mr. John Wakeley secured the prize for the best twenty-four single trusses, and in another class for the same number of blooms, but grown within 20 miles of the General Post-office, Mr. W. H. Wakeley was the successful competitor. In two other classes for twelve varieties, with the same geographical qualification, Mr. H. Robbins was well 1st, Mr. W. Webster, Jun., being 2d in one instance and Mr. R. J. Webster in the other. The best single bloom, a very grand one of Charles Lefebvre, came from Mr. John Wakeley; and the "consolation prize," competed for by those who have not previ- ously taken a prize, was won by Mr. F. E. Haslam*; and Mr. D. G. Clapham showed the best half dozen Teas. It is proposed to hold a show of Chry- santhemums in their season, and we hope it may prove as successful as this year's display of the queen of (summer) flowers. Hemerocallis fulva. — The double form of this, now injiower in the greenhouse at 'Kew, is remarkable for the circumstance that, while the stamens remain normal, the pistil is replaced by a prolonged axis, bearing small petals. Linn/EA borealis. — This pretty little pros- trate alpine plant may now be seen in large sheets in the York Nursery : it is growing in light, elastic, sandy peat in a slightly shaded position. It blossoms, however, far mote profusely when fully exposed to sunlight. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— The many friends and supporters of this Institution who could not be present at the celebration of the fortieth anniversary festival on Wednesday evening, will, we are sure, be gratified to know that from a financial point of view the Institution has made a " best on record," the total amount of the subscrip- tions and donations being £^2i. That socially, the festival was a success goes without saying— about 130 gentlemen §at down, and with such a thoroughly genial and practical Chairman as Mr. Alderman Cotton, M.P., it is almost needless to state that the proceedings were conducted with unflagging interest to the end. The large room at the " Albion " was florally furnished by Mr. B. S. Williams, and the decorations of the tables as carried out by Miss Williams well deserved the eulogiums so happily expressed by the Chairman ; when, the usual loyal and patriotic toasts having been duly honoured, he came to the toast of the evening — " Success to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution," and in eloquently pleading the cause of poor, distressed, and worn-out mem- bers of our profession, remarked upon the joy and pleasure the results of their toil and skill afforded to high and low, rich and poor alike. On almost every table where there is anything like comfort there would be found flowers or fruits, or both ; and he hoped those present would think of the men who produced them, and give largely of their means to an Institution that was doing so much good. Sir Trevor Lawre.nce, who gave "The Health of the Chair- man " as the next toast, remarked that Mr. Alderman Cotton had, in his able appeal on behalf of the Insti- tution, hardly laid sufficient weight upon the great benefits humanity had received from the labours of practical gardeners, there being hardly a popular flower, fruit or vegetable that had not been immensely improved in quality by the skill of practical gardeners. To Mr. Shirley Hieberd was entrusted the duty of proposing " The Health of the Treasurer," a toast which suggested serious thoughts, inasmuch that last year Mr. Wrench was with them. Now they had to welcome their new Treasurer ; and Mr. Tidswell, in acknowledging the compliment, expressed himself as being most anxious to do his duty in the onerous position in which by their favour he been placed. The toast of " The Botanical and Horticultural Societies " was responded to by Mr, G.F.Wilson and Mr. Bruce Findlav, and the latter gentleman expressed his determination to raise ^200 in aid of the Augmentation Fund, by getting some of his friends to throw open their gardens at a small charge, and he hoped the example thus set would be extensively followed by others. Mr. Cutler, whose health was drank with great heartiness, announced that the result of the collection was £6iZ, the Chairman's list being^i43, and the Treasurer's ^115; whereupon the Chairman remarked that he would be much gratified if the list could be made up to ^^700, and in a short time about that amount was raised. Mr. Meston, Jun., having responded for "The Ladies," and Mr. B. S. Williams for "The Steivards," a very agreeable evening was brought to a close. Anthurium Veitchii. — A plant of this species has made wonderful progress under Mr. Bal- lantine's care at The Dell, Egham. We saw it two years ago, when it had only three or four leaves about I^ foot each in length; it has now over two dozen, and most of them measure 50 inches in length. The plant is a fine decorative object for a stove where there is plenty of room and no crowding is allowed. This one is growing in a wooden tub about a foot deep by 18 inches wide, which contains but little more than the drainage, the roots being chiefly in the mound of living sphagnum and peat above the rim. The Fruit Packing Competition. — There were four lots of packed fruit sent to South Kensing- ton on Tuesday, in competition for the excellent prizes offered by Messrs. Webber & Co., fruit salesmen, of Covent Garden, for the best packed boxes or baskets of Grapes, 14 lb.; Peaches, not less than 24 lb.; and Strawberries, not less than 2 lb. In each case the latter fruits were equally well packed in a shallow boxes with leaves, but the fruits varied in quality. Mr. COLEMAN, Eastnor Castle, is an old competitor in this work, and always does it well. He got the ist place with a lot of Grapes packed in deal box thickly lined with soft moss, and faced with soft tissue paper ; and Peaches also packed in moss — • a material which Mr. Webber much prefers to wadding as being cooler and less absorbent of the juices and flavour of the fruits. The packing was not only perfect, but the boxes might have been turned into any position without the (ruit being injured. Very near indeed in good packing came Mr. Allan, of Gunton Park Gardens, whose Grapes and Peaches were also in tissue paper and moss, as Mr. Coleman's were, but his Grapes lacked colour. In other respects there was little to choose between them. The 3d prize lot came from Mr. Grindrod, Whitfield, Hereford; his Grapes, half black and half Muscats, and remark- ably good ones too, were dropped into peck cross- handle wicker babkets, which, having a little moss in the bottom, were then doubly lined with solt paper only. The stems were partly tied to the sides of the baskets, and beyond some stout paper tied over the top had no other protection. The Peaches were in wadding, but the Strawberries were all right. One competitor spoiled his prospects by putting his Grapes into a shallow wicker basket without even paper, and in consequence they were much rubbed. Messrs. Foster & Pearson.— On June 30 Mr. Foster retired from this firm, after being engaged for forty-two years as a greenhouse builder. The business will in future be carried on by Mr. Pearson, a son of our late friend Mr. J. R. Pearson, of Chil- well ; and, being a young man of known ability and high character, we wish him every success, ■ The Weather. — General remarks on the temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the week ending July 2, issued by the Meteorological Office, London :— The weather has been generally cloudy or dull at the western stations, but in most of the southern and eastern districts frequent intervals of clear sky have been experienced. Thunderstorms, accompanied by very heavy rains, have occurred in nearly all places, those over central and south-eastern England being exceptionally severe. Temperature has continued below the mean over Ireland and the south-west of England, but elsewhere has been con siderably higher than of late ; in the major part of Great Britain it has varied from 2° to 3° above the mean for the season. The thermometer was highest either on June 29 or July 2, when maxima as high as 84° in "England, S.," 83° in "England, E.," and between 72° and Sl° in most other districts, were registered. The minima, which were generally re- corded on the 27th, v.iried from 42° in the " Midland Counties," and 43° in "Ireland, S.," to 49° in "England, S." At our central and south-eastern stations during the latter part of the period the minima were very high, the thermometer during some nights not sinking below 60". Rainfall has been about equal to the mean in " Scotland, E.," and " England, E.," but more in all other districts. In north-eastern and central England the excess was considerable. Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than during last week in the "Wheat-producing Districts," but less so in most of the ' ' Grazing Districts. " The percentages of possible duration varied from 15 in " Ireland, N.,"and 28 in " England, N.E.," to 48 in " Eng- land, S.," and 57 in " England, E." Depressions observed :— Barometrical readings have been highest and comparatively steady in the southern and eastern parts of our area, while over our islands and the North of France pressure has been rather low and unsteady, owing to the presence of several " thunder- storm " depressions. The most important of these disturbances was traversing our islands in a north- north-westerly direction at the commencement of the period, and finally disappeared to the north-westward of the Hebrides. The winds, with the exception of a few local variations, have been S.W., S., or S.E., and have been generally light in force, but at our western and north-western stations have occasionally increased to a fresh or strong breeze. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. A. W. PORTEUS, as successor to Mr. Berry, Gardener to James McGregor, Esq., Aldenham Abbey, Wat- ford, Herts.— Mr. T. Wilkins, late Gardener to the Marchioness of Westminster at Motcombe, as Gar- dener to T. M. Guest, Esq., Inwood House, Bland- ford.— Mr. Dennis, late Gardener to Sir H. Hoare, Bart., Stourhead, succeeds Mr. Wilkins at Mot- combe.— Mr. William Boreham, for five and a half years Assistant-Foreman in the frame ground at Kensington Gardens, as Nursery Foreman to Mr. Marshall, Barnham Nurseries, Sussex, 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. UULY 7, 1883- j4ojVIE j]!JoRREgPOJMDEJNCf:. On Double Wild Flowers. — I have recently seen it stated in an interesting volume that all double flowers are "monstrosities," due only to artificial selection, and that as they produce no seed they could never be perpetuated in a state of Nature. I cannot follow the author into his argument that double flowers are unattractive, for that, of course, is a matter of taste ; still less can I enter into the view that there is something, it would seem, almost morally wrong in endeavouring to produce a double flower. At present my only inquiry is whether Nature does not sometimes produce a double flower, which may vie with the best efforts of the gardener. I am absolutely without any theory on the matter, and I am really anxious to be set right as to my facts, if, as is very possible, they are in any respect deficient. Before entering on my evidence I think I am correct in saying that Darwin has himself admitted that double, or at least semi-double flowers, do exist in a wild state [Certainly. Ed.]. Hav- ing spent two winters on the Riviera I was struck with the beauty of a particular Anemone, which is known as A. pavonina. The country people call it LeSoleil, and certainly nothing can be more brilliant than its blossoms of scarlet or crimson, for there is a slight variation in the colouring. It is perfectly double, but has one or two remarkable peculiarities. The petals do not look like petals. They are thin and elongated, more like flattened stamens than petals, and they are very abundant. It would take four or five of them to make the petal of an ordinary single Anemone. In short, they are to the normal petal pretty much what the supposed petals of a green Rose are to the true petals of the single Rose of our hedges. And then this Anemone has a second peculiarity. It is almost entirely green in the bud and when it first opens, and it is only as it ripens (so to speak), and by degrees, that it acquires its bright colouring. It is, I believe, absolutely seedless, and can only spread by its tubers. That it is double there is no doubt. And now comes the further question — Is it wild ? This is a matter of more difficulty, or, at least, of some dis- pute. No one supposes that the selection of gardeners has had anything to do with the doubleness, but it is argued that this Anemone has been subject to extra cultivation, and that, therefore, it has developed a double blossom. I am inclined to think that no other species of Riviera Anemone has become double, though under precisely the sameinfluences ; and if, as seems certain, this Anemone has grown double of its own accord, and without any intention on the part of any cultivator, may it not be fairly considered as a wild flower, and thus a product of Nature? It is, I believe, found in various places on the Riviera. I have twice seen it in great profusion, once among some Orange trees up the Gorbio Valley, at Mentone, and once partly under Olives at Campo Rosso, not far from Bordighera. In the former place — but I think not in the latter — there were also to be found a few specimens of the single red Anemone (possibly Ane- mone fulgens), and very rarely one of these single Anemones showed signs of doubling by smaller red petals next to the large outside ones ; but I myself saw no further development of the doubling process, and I cannot say whether, supposing a Soleil Anemone does develope from a single red, it is a matter of many years, or only of a season or two. There is no doubt that extra manure is given to the Orange tree, and also to the Olive, but whether such "cultivation" would be enough to account for this singular change in colour, in structure, and the number of petals, I cannot say. I have, however, a strong suspicion that, were I to plant single Anemones in my own garden, and feed them to any extent, I should fail in produc- ing this double variety. I should also add that many of these Anemones at Campo Rosso were not directly under Olive trees, and had apparently no chance of getting extra manure ; as, however, the roots may have spread, I cannot rest much on that. It is, how- ever, very probable that these Anemones grow on hill-sides and banks, whither no cultivation of any kind could have affected them ; but I have no proof of this. I only know that the florists at Cannes con- sider them as of hardly any value, as being merely saiivages^ and very common. I should be glad if one of your more learned readers could throw fresh light on this, as I think, very curious subject. H^ Thinning Onions. — " M." asks gardeners (d. S24, vol. xix.) why they thin out the Onion crop. He might as well have asked why they thin out the Turnip, Parsnip, or Carrot crops. Surely gardeners, as well as cooks, know perfectly well that large, well- grown Onions possess superior flavour to small ones grown in the crowded manner recommended by ** M.," a system pretty well known to gardeners when they want to grow small Onions for special purposes, such as pickling, »S:c. *' M." would have gardeners believe that Onions ripen best when they are grown thick on the ground : my own experience is that large, well-grown Onions are better ripened and keep quite as long as the small, as I have had good samples of James' Keeping and Strasburg or Deptford keep till the autumn-sown ones come in. To those who are fond of thinning and " throwing labour away in doing that which had better not be done at all," there is one consolation from " M. " — they may thin out those grown to be exhibited for prizes. But to many it will be news to be told that exhibitors are encouraged to bring out qualities in the vegetables they grow for prizes which are detrimental in the use of them. I have never yet known a cook to find fault with Onions for being large, nor with Leeks either, and I have had to deal with a good many in my time. H. Henderson, Spiraea palmata. — Few things in the herbaceous way are finer than this exquisitely beautiful Spiraea, which just now is crowded with its great panicles of lovely rose and violet tinted blossoms, set off by the delicate greenery of its palmate leaves, with which the flower-stems are so well clothed. Like all the Spiraeas, S. palmata delights in deep loose soil, where it can drive its roots well down and find plenty of moisture ; and when so favoured it grows very strong, without being distressed at this season. Not only is S. palmata one of the best and most showy subjects one can have in borders, but it is also most valuable for forcing, as crowns may be taken up and potted, when, by the help of very gentle heat the plants soon come into bloom and last long in perfec- tion. J. Sheppard. Peloria of Tetramicra bicolor (Leptotes bicolor, Lindl., Bot, Reg., xix., t. 1625).— Two plants of this charming little Orchid have recently flowered at Kew, one flower produced being a remark- FlG. S- — PBLORIA OF TETRAMiCRA DICOLOR. able peloria, of which the accompanying figure (fig. 5) is a representation. In the normal flower the sepals and petals are pure white and similar in appearance, the lip is broader and lance-shaped, the colour pale purple with numerous darker veins and a narrow white margin, and two pale green wing-like appendages at the base. In the pelorioid flower the sepals are quite normal, as well as the lip (which is erect as figured by Lindley as above, not pendulous as in Bot. Mag.^ t. 3734), but the petals are com- pletely changed, one into a perfect lip exactly similar both in form and colour, the other showing the transition from petal to lip; the form is almost unaltered except that at the base there is a small trace of the pale green appendage on one side, but the purple veining is present, as shown in the figure. The column is very short and partially suppressed, the anthers entirely so, and the viscid stigmatic disc, though present, is much deformed. The raceme — normally 2 or 3-flowered — is reduced to a single flower. Thus we have an irregular peloria formed by the increased number of the irregular parts of the flower — a condition accompanied with increased vigour in those parts at the expense of the column, and the suppression of the second and third flower of the raceme. The specimen is preserved at Kew. R. A» Rolfe, Camellia (late flowering).— We have a plant in the grounds here under the name of Floydi — a pink variety — which is now in full flower. I cut several yesterday quite perfect in shape, and not at all injured by the excessive rains we have had this past fortnight. It has flowered in June every season since it has been planted out. Our earliest — the old red and white blotched variety — flowers in October indoors, and we can most seasons cut a Camellia bloom from that month to the end of June or the beginning of July, indoors or without. Camellias seem to do well under large trees, both as to growth and flowering. Flowers seem to take as long if not longer to expand at this season as in the winter months, perhaps owing to the plant making growth at the same time. Henry Milht Enys, Penrhyn, Abies (Picea) nigra. — The Black American Spruce is growing well in exposed positions — 800 feet above sea-level — where common Spruce and Silver Firs and Laurels and Holly refuse to grow. It thus grows on dry soil — a made-up bank — and on soil with clay in it. But I am informed it "does not grow very large, nor live very long." Can any of your readers speak for or against its more extensive use? Laurencekirk f N.B, Early Peas. — There has been a good deal said and written recently about late Peas, but up to the present early sorts appear to have escaped notice, which is, I think, to be regretted, as it is always pro- fitable to take notes and discuss things as they come on in season. As usual with us, Kentish Invicta was the first fit to gather, beating William I. by nearly a week, although sown on the same day side by side in the same border ; and as the quality is about equal, Invicta is the most profitable and valuable Pea of the two. Following close on the heels of these comes Day's Sunrise, which is a very free podding variety, its only fault being that the pods are generally gappy, which tells against it in shelling. Being a Marrow it is very good in flavour, but I do not consider it equal to Advancer, which, though a few days later, has the advantage of setting better, as it is seldom one finds any gaps in the pods. Advancer is therefore likely to hold its own for some time to come, for besides being a heavy cropper, it is tender and delici- ous when cooked, and quite spoils one's palate for the dry mealy sorts that precede it. American Wonder I have grown for the first and last time, its only merit being its dwarfness, which makes it useful perhaps for pot culture or frames, but outdoors, where there is room. Advancer is by far preferable. Telephone might almost be classed among the first earlies, as it is but little later than some now in the list, for from rows sown the last week in January full pods were gathered on June 15. Look- ing at its precocious character of turning in, it is to be hoped we shall soon get others even more early from it, and of a dwarf character ; indeed, the latter has appeared already, as I have selected from among Stratagem a white Pea which has the large pods and all the appearance of Telephone, except in the length of the haulms. Grand as Telephone is, it is useless as a late summer Pea or to pick after June — at least, that is my experience of it, as it is so subject to thrips and mildew, which cripple its growth and stop it from bearing. Ours are already infested with the pernicious insect named, and it was the case last year, as soon as the weather set in warm and dry, when those earlier and in pod became smothered with mildew. This I found to be the case in other places, as a friend of mind, who had them growing alongside of Ne Plus Ultra, complained to me of the same thing. This liability to the attack of such parasites is no doubt owing to the soft, tender state of the leaves and points of the shoots, which are stout and easy of penetration to the one, and favourable to the spread of the other. J. Sheppard^ Rhododendron punctatum. — Your paragraph upon Rhododendron punctatum in the Gardeners' Chronicle for June 9, in which the species is mentioned as "a compact grower, of dwarf habit, producing an abundance of pink funnel-shaped flowers," and suggesting that it would be worth while for hybridists to turn their attention to it, leads me to ask whether hybridists may not already have taken it in hand. I would inquire whether there may not still linger some tradition relative to such crossing. The following are the reasons for the inquiry. Rhododendron punctatum in its native habitat (in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia, and descending along some of the rivers into the middle country) is not a dwarf species, being commonly 4 to 6 feet high, and is the opposite of " a compact grower;" it forms a spreading bush, and has slender, lithe, diffuse or recurving branches, especially when grown in open ground ; on the rocky banks which it naturally afifects it has a straggling habit. The flower, indeed, may be called "funnel-shaped," but with a widely open limb, not so open as in the figure in Bot, Reg., t. 37, which I suspect belongs to R. catawbiense, but nearly as in the earliest figure and description of the species, in Andrews' Bot. Rep., t. 36 ("corolla rotato-infundibuliformis, blossom of a rounded funnel shape "), at least as much so as in the next earliest figure, in Ventenat, Hort. Ceh., t. 15. The figure in Bot. Mag., t. 22S5, has a widely open corolla. The only other figure that I know of is a poor one in Watson's DendroJogia, t. 162, and this evidently represents the plant now cultivated in Eng- land as R. punctatum, and to which your remarks refer. Thiserect shrub, of compact habit and narrowly funnel- form corollas, we have from Watson under this name, also a paler flowered and in other respects slightly July 7, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 21 different form of it as R. ovatum. It hardly exceeds 2 feet in height, has leaves only half as large ss those of the true R. punctatum, more rigid and more lepidote, and the corolla-lobes are only about half the length of the narrow tube, which is also more lepidote. I suppose that your K. punclatum is a hybrid of that species with the alpine R. ferrugineum, and that the crossing may have given tlie complete hardiness in England which the original was said to lack ; yet the latter is fairly hardy here. There is one reason for distrusting my theory — that your Rhodo- dendron is a hybrid — which is, tliat my R. Chapmani, from sandy Pine-barrens near the coast of Western Florida, has a corolla of similar shape, and an equally upright habit of growth. But, besides some other differences, this has larger flowers and exserted stamens and style. In conclusion, let me recommend the re-introduction of the original R. punctatum into English cultivation, as a contrast to the one you possess, and to all our other species, on account of its open, light, and graceful habit. Asa Gray, Cam- bridge, Mass. Mimulus radicans.' — A short time since Messrs. Veitch showed a pan of this very pretty little bog plant, and subFequently gave us the opportunity of figuring it (fig. 6). It is a native of New Zealand, and has a creeping stem with short leafy branches. The leaves are densely packed, each from \ — i inch in length, very shortly stalked, obovate obtuse, entire, pilose or glabrous. The flower-stalks are erect, about the length of the leaves, and the corollas, which measure from \ — | inch across, are white, with a violet blotch. The plant was described by Sir Joseph Hooker in the Flora Zeylatn'ca, and also when making their young shoots, and unless the plants are in a moderately dry bed their tubers are apt to rot in the winter. This being so, it is always advisable to drain the bed by digging out the soil and putting in a layer of broken bricks, which should be a yard below the surface, as Alstromerias are very deep rooting. There are two ways of getting them established, the one by sowing the seed, and the other by planting ; but when this latter plan is decided on it is always advisable to have the plants in pots and to start with them about April, when they should be planted at least 6 inches deep, so as to keep their tubers well out of reach of sharp frosts. If seed be sown lime is saved by putting it in small pots and rearing the plants in heat, when, if nursed on under glass till May, and then turned out, they will become sufficiently strong to flower the following season. The best sorts to grow are A. aurea, which has large heads of golden-yellow spotted Lily-like blooms, and A. pelegrina rosea and alba, the first-named of which is beauti- fully marked, and A. psittacina is also a very desirable kind. Besides being exceedingly showy in beds and borders these Alstromerias are of great value for cutting, as not only do they dress well in vases, but they last in perfection a long time in water, which they take up so freely in their cylindrical stems. Like all herbaceous plants, Al- stromerias should be allowed to retain their tops till they ripen and die away naturally, but it is a great help to them if their seed-heads are removed, as they bear many pods, and the swelling and maturing of seed in such quantity is very exhausting, y. S. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— It seems rather remarkable that no effort has Fig. 6. — mimulus radicans. in the Handbook of the Ntiii Zealand Flora, and as shown is one of the most charming little plants of its kind. We presume it is hardy. It would form a fit companion for the Pratia angulata recently alluded to. It is a near ally of M. repens, also an Australian and New Zealand species. Dictamnus Fraxinella. — I was glad to see this fine old herbaceous plant noticed so favourably as being one of the best things among the exhibits at the great show the other day, as it has long since been a special favourite of mine, and stands out most con- spicuously just now in one of our borders, where a plant of it is carrying twenty-three spikes of flowers, and forms quite a bush. Besides being remarkable for its shapely habit and character, and' its curiously formed and marked blossoms, it exhales a very strong and agreeable perfume, which quite pervades the air some distance around. Dictamnus Fraxinella alba is not so strong as the coloured kind, but is very desirable as a companion plant on account of its dis- tinctness of shade. Both sorts seed freely, and may be raised readily by sowing the seed under handlights when ripe, or placing it in heat in the spring. Plants may also be divided and propagated by splitting them through the crowns ; but the less disturbance they get the finer and better they grow. 7 Sheppard. Alstrornerias. — No one seeing the?e now can fail to be struck with their beauty, especially when growing in masses of mixed sorts, as we have them here, in which way they show off their beauties to the greatest advantage. The only drawback with Alstro- merias is that they will only succeed in warm and favourable situations, the best place for them being a raised border under a wall or fence facing south, where they get the protection they need in spring, as they start into growth early and are rather tender yet been made to utilise flower shows as a means of obtaining additions to the income of this horticultural institution. Of course, I cannot say how far the idea may be accepted by committees of local horticultural societies if their consent to its practical adoption were asked, but what I would propose is that, with a view to secure some help from the garden loving public as well as from gardeners, the committees of those local and provincial societies should be asked to permit collecting boxes, inscribed with the title of the Benevolent Institution and its objects, to be placed securely in a prominent place at all flower shows, of which there are perhaps some 500 or more throughout the kingdom annually. If even but 20j. were collected at each show that would give a good round sum to the funds, and the provision of the boxes would prove a good invest- ment. Apart from the public, there are hundreds of gardeners now who hardly know of the existence of the Institution ; or, if they do, care little for it, as its objects are not brought home to their minds. Through the medium of dinners and other costly methods there has been in the past too much running after the guineas of the rich, and although the garden collec- tions have been a step towards obtaining the lowly shilling, there are places in which, unhappily, these collections have come to be regarded as a species of black mail by the under-gardeners, many of whom are too poor to give, and yet are afraid to refuse. On the other hand, such collections as I suggest would, firstly, enable the public to contribute ; secondly, it would admit of hundreds of the poorer and young gardeners contributing their shillings without the least appearance of pressure ; and third, and not least, it would appeal to numerous gardeners — and head ones especially — -to be liberally disposed at a moment when, having won good prizes, they may be induced to make from their winnings some liberal donations. A. D. C. [The suggestion has often been made— would that it were put into practice. Ed,] The Fruit Crops.— There is an old saying, that no one should prophecy till they know ; and it is a pretty safe prediction to make now that we shall have a very fruitful season, and especially as regards Apples and Pears, which everywhere appear to be quite a full crop. At one time the trees were badly infested with maggot, but the glorious rains which have been so general have washed these troublesome insects off, and left the trees smiling through their clean foliage in a way most pleasant to see. Besides being abun- dant, there is every prospect that the fruit will be fine, as the swelling lately has been most rapid, and there is a shining, healthy lock about it, showing plainly that the tender cuticle has not been injured in the way too common by late frosts in the spring. It is to be hoped, therefore, that there will be little or no cracking among Pears, the splitting of which is invariably caused by the hardened state of the skin, brought on by the action of cold when the small fruits are just set and in a tender condition. Plums, both on walls and standards, are very thin, but Peaches and Nectarines have better crops on them than I hey have had for years past, and the trees are making splendid growth, happily free from green-fly and red- spider, so prevalent in seasons less genial. Apricots with us, and in all other gardens where I have been, are nearly a failure, the cold, sharp nights during March when they were in bloom having proved too much for them ; but though bare of fruit, it is cheer- ing to find that there is little canker or dying off of the branches, and to see the trees in good health. Figs are very promising, and the quantity of fruit on them now may, I think, be pronounced safe, as it is not likely to turn yellow, and be cast off after this. Dessert Cherries are irregular, some trees on east aspects being very full, while others on west or north- west walls are less so ; but all the fruit is remarkably fine, and only wants sun now to give it good flavour. Morellos are laden, they having been favoured with better weather at the time of flowering, and escaped frost-bite, which was the cause of so many stoning so badly, and falling off from the others. Bush fruits of all kinds have excellent crops, Raspberries and Black Currants more particularly, bushes of the latter being so crowded as to be quite borne down by their load. Strawberries, too, are thickly studded, and the rain has been of great service in assisting the plants to swell the fruit up to its fullest size, and the late sorts will therefore be fine. y. Sheppard, Suffolk. COLONIAL NOTES. Hong Kong.— The botanical origin of the Stat Anise of commerce not having yet been verified, beyond the fact that it is a species of Illicium, pro- bably near to the Japanese I. anisatum, a good deal of interest has been excited in the subject, and H. Kopsch, Esq., Commissioner of Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs at Pakhoi, being situated at the part at which large quantities of Star Anise are re- ceived from the interior for export, has taken great interest in the subject, and he has made repeated exertions to procure seeds or plants of the tree. Mr. Kopsch very kindly sent me seeds on two or three occasions, but they did not germinate. However, Mr. Kopsch eventually succeeded in obtaining a few very small seedhogs, which he forwarded to me ; they have had the greatest care bestowed on them, and I am glad to say that six are now thriving perfectly, and I hope that ultimately we shall succeed in getting them to flower, and that then the plant can be ex- amined and the species satisfactorily ascertained, if before then we do not succeed in procuring good dried botanical specimens of the plant from the districts where it grows. I hope that I may have the oppor- tunity of visiting the districts to the north-west of Pak- hoi, where it grows. The districts could only be reached by a considerable amount of troublesome overland travelling, but I think the journey is practicable. If this jeurney could sometime be made, the whole question of the botanical origin and cultivation of the Star Anise could probably be settled, as was done with the Cassia lignea by my expedition to the West River last year. The usual annual flower show was held by the Exhibition Society in the gardens in February. These shows have been held uninterruptedly for ten years, and they have fulfilled the chief purpose for which they were organised, viz., to improve the cultivation and supply for market purposes of the kinds of vegetables usually grown in Europe, as well as Chinese kinds. The cultivation of pot plants in general, except by a few energetic exhibitors, has not made the advance which was anticipated. 22 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. rjULY 7, 1883. In Ihe month of May last, with the consent of this Government, and with the approval of Lord Kimber- ley, at the instance of Sir Joseph Hooker, I was per- n.itted to make the first of what is intended to be a series of expeditions in the Chinese Empire, for the purpose of obtaining more knowledge of its little known vegetable productions. I proceeded to the Cassia lignea districts on the West River, for the pur- pose of clearing up the uncertainty respecting the botanical origin of Cassia bark, and for the acquire- ment of information on the collection of the bark and cultivation of the plant, so that the information which had been so long wanted might be made available for scientific and economic purposes. Dried specimens of the plant were brought back and forwarded to Sir Joseph D. Hooker at Kew, where they were identi- fied without doubt as Cinnamomum Cassia, Bl. Sub- sequently living plants, which I had also brought back with me, were distributed from this garden to various botanic gardens. There is still some doubt as to where Cinnamomum Cassia exists in a wild state. It may be of some interest to state that in recently looking over the travels of Marco Polo I noticed that he says, in refer- ence to the province of Thibet :— " Cinnamon and coral occur" (p. 137): and again:— "It yields ginger, cinnamon, and other spices." Alluding to a river which he calls Brius he says :— " On its banks is found abundance of Cinnamon " (p. 140). It may be that these districts in Thibet are the home of the Cassia in a wild state. The operations of the year were of much greater extent than those of any previous year. The total number of trees planted — that is, including the number of patches of seeds sown in situ — was 1,096,230. Of this number 266,440 were planted, the remainder — 829,790 patches — were of sowings in silii. The total of this year's work is thus 318,316 more than the total of last year's work. Seeds and tender seedlings have much more to contend with on the hills, where, after once put out, they are to a great extent out of the reach of further protection, than in nurseries, where, for a year, they can have their requirements attended to and receive protection from the various and manifold influences which threaten their existence. The cost of sowing in situ is only about one-fifth of that of using nursery trees, and as the losses sustained from the various causes attendant on the system are not more than one- third of the whole number, there is reason for pursuing that plan in places which are suitable for its successful accomplishment. Through the kind assistance of my friends the Rev. B. C. Henry and Mr. Moh Sih Chui, of Canton, in procuring seeds from localities on the North and West Rivers, I was enabled to introduce the Chinese Var- nish tree (Aleurites vernicia), and we now have three plantations of this, containing 26,000 healthy seed- lings about a foot high. Judging of what I saw of this tree, and the situations in which it flourished when I was up the West River, there seems great promise of its succeeding in Hong Kong, and being, when old enough, of considerable economic import- ance. Of the Mahogany tree (Swietenia Mahogani), 322 were planted, and they have made very good progress, a well sheltered ravine with fairly good soil having been selected for them. From reports of the Indian Forest Department I notice that the Mahogany trees in India are much subject to the attacks of boring insects, which destroy the ends of the young branches. The same thing has occurred here with our older trees, but those planted last year have not shown any signs of attack. For the seeds from which these trees were obtained we were indebted to Mr. H. Prestoe, the Superintendent of the Trinidad Botanic Gardens. Eucalyptus citriodora, the lemon-scented Gum tree, planted in iSSo, is succeeding fairly well where it was planted — amongst Pine trees which had attained suffi- cient height to protect the young Gum trees. Of five trees measured the mean height was iS feet, and the mean circumference at I foot from the ground was 10 inches. Of this and other kinds of Gum trees planted experimentally on hills where there were no other trees to nurse them, the trees have failed. From this we may learn that, with the Pine as a nurse tree, other exotic trees of certain kinds can be successfully reared. From the one small tree of Persea nanmuh, the celebrated Chinese Coflin-wood tree, which was in- troduced from Yun-nan, with the kind assistance of Mr, Walters, in 1880, we propagated sixty-four by layering ; eleven of these were planted out in per- manent positions. Seeds of the Toon tree {Cedrela Toona) were re- ceived from the Indian Forest Department, but I regret to say we could not get any of them to germinate. The first revenue derived from tree planting was obtained from thinnings of one of the plantations made in 1875. The plantations having arrived at that condition when thinnings are required, there will be a portion coming in with each succeeding year that should be attended to, and as the plantings were gradually increased in area with each year the number of trees to be felled will also be larger each succeeding year. The number of trees felled this year was 1460, for which we obtained 48 dols., or about 33 cents for each tree. The whole cost of planting the trees was 3 cents each. Those which we felled being the weakly ones, and those which are left being at least half as big again as those taken out, we may calculate the value of the standing trees at about 5 cents each, which is an increase in value in eight years of about 66 per cent., which, from a financial point of view, might be looked upon as a satisfactory investment of Government money, in addition to the advantages of tree planting, which cannot be represented in figures. The trees here alluded to are growing on one of the most favourable positions; therefore, taking an average of the whole results of tree planting on bad soils and otherwise unfavourable places, as well as on those situations where trees grow rapidly, the financial results would probably be brought down to par for the first eight years ; however, after that the trees which would be left standing would increase more rapidly in value, and if cut down and sold would render a profit- able return for the outlay. Although in Hong Kong the money value of tree planting is not the object in view, yet if it can be shown that there is a prospect of a return of the sums laid out in addition to the accom- plishment of well wooded hills, the result is all the more satisfactory. The protective work of afforestation has been ener- getically attended to. The forest guards generally have done what they could to stop tree cutting and grass cutting on prohibited lands. The measures adopted to confine the grazing of goats to certain localities which have been reserved for that purpose have worked very well on the whole, and considering the number of goats in the colony there has been very little trouble with them. The planting operations of the year are shown in the following table :— Pinus sinensis .. .. .. .. .. 202,475 ,, ,, sown /« s//H (patches) .. ,. 790,050 Curcas Jatropha .. .. .. .. 32,397 Aleurites vernicia . . .. 26.374 Quercus bambusEefolia, r« iiV« (patches) .. 17,440 Rhus succedanea . . . . . . . . . . 9,000 Stillingia sebifera .. .. .. .. .. 4,95a Melia Azederach .. .. .. .. .. 4,350 Casuarina equisetiTolia .. .. .. .. 3iCoo Bischoflia javanica .. .. .. .. 1.773 Melia Azederach .. .. .. .. .. 1,000 Aleurites triloba, 7« J^V« (patches) .. .. 1,000 Persea sp .. .. .. 857 Livistona sinensis . . . . . . . . 43s Swietenia Mahogani .. .. .. .. 32Z Greviltea robusta .. .. .. .. .. 316 Camellia hongkongensis 125 ■ Ficus retusa .. 63 Cunninghamla sinensis .. .. .. .. 40 Miscellaneous 246 Total .. .. 1,096,230 Charles ForJ, Superintendent^ Eotanit and Afforesta- tion Department^ Hon^ Kon^. WHY FIGS CAST THEIR FRUIT. The abstract of Count Solms-Laubach's essay on the Fig tree that I contributed to these columns (pp. 529 and 572 of the last volume), has aroused the interest of several of my gardening friends, one of whom, Mr. G. Stanton, followed me with an article on the same subject (see vol. xix., p. 636). This has led me into further researches, the results of which, though they are by no means conclusive, it may be worth while putting on record. I do not now pro- pose entering into the question of the utility of caprification so far as the Fig is concerned as an edible fruit, because we have abundant evidence that the fruit ripens quite independently of that operation; and there are many other instances of seedless varieties of edible fruits doing the same thing. I may, however, refer the reader to Gasparrini's memoir, a translation of which will be found in the Journal of /he Horticultural Society of London (fii., 1848, pp. 185 — 216). The utility, or rather the necessity, of the insect that passes the greater part of its life within the recep- tacles of the Caprifig visiting the domestic Fig to effect fertilisation by the conveyance of pollen, seems to have been established almost beyond doubt. That the cultivated Fig is the female, and the Caprifig the male of one and the same species is not so certain. Perhaps this sounds somewhat paradoxical ; but it should be remembered, that in all cases where the two sexes have been observed in the same receptacle, there was proterogynous dichogamy, in other words, the functional activity of the two sexes was not contemporaneous, and the females developed before the males — at least, that was what Count Solms and others found. Payer ( Traitc d' Orgajio^^enie Comparce^ p. 285, t. 61) confirms this from a study of the development of the receptacles from their inception. The bottom of the receptacle is the oldest part, and represents the summit of the axis ; and, generally speaking, the nearer the base the older the flowers, though, as the whole inflorescence is cymose, and not an inverted spike, a cluster of flowers taken from any part of the receptacle will consist of flowers of different ages. But the question I have been pursuing is the presence of male flowers in the cultivated Fig. The literature of the subject abounds in apparent con- tradictions, and a short summary of it may serve to elucidate matters. As Mr. Stanton points out, in nearly all our text-books on botany we are taught that the inflorescence of the Fig — which, in this country at least, we can only understand as the cultivated Fig — contains both male and female flowers. Though this is wrong as to the general con- dition of things in the Fig, it does not follow that the cultivated Fig was intended in all cases. Possibly an author who had the Caprifig under consideration has been followed by many subsequent writers. Possibly, too, some of the writers may have encountered the apparently exceptional condition of the cultivated Fig described in some of the extracts below; still it cannot be denied that there is strong presumptive evidence of botanists having copied each other, in the belief that the cultivated Fig contained both male and female flowers functionally active at the same time. The most perplexing of all the figures of the inflores- cence of the Fig is that in Dr. Asa Gray's new Botanical Text-Book, 1879 (p. 302, fig. 659), which represents a slice of the receptacle bearing male and female flowers intermixed, and of the same stage of development, and not in the least crowded. That such a condition of things ever exists in the cultivated Fig is problematical ; yet freaks of this nature will appear more probable after reading what follows. Solms attributes to Colin Milne, 1770 [Botanical Dictionary, under the article Caprification), the merit of having first recorded the fact that the cultivated Fig contains no male flowers. The author in question says — "The flowers in the cultivated Fig tree are female only, but of the wild Figs some have male flowers, others have both male and female flowers. This being premised, two questions naturally occur — I. In what manner are the flowers of the cultivated Fig tree fecundated ? 2. How happens it that the fruit of our Fig trees ripen if the flowers are of one sex only, and have no assistance from the male ? For it is not pretended that there are any male Fig trees in this country." He answers the first question by describing caprification, which he already regarded as essential to fertilisation ; and he goes on — " Fig trees, then, in this country, ripen their fruit, but not their seed ; and can therefore be propagated only by layers, suckers, or cuttings." It maybe mentioned here, that I have searched in vain for any record of a seedling Fig having been raised in this country, though in a list of cultivated varieties ( Transactions of ihe Horticultural Society of London, v., p. 347) there is the name " Ford's Seedling," leading to the inference that such a thing has occurred, if the name was honestly given. So far I have not met with evidence of a single variety having originated in England. To return to our author, it is very probable that Milne got his information respecting the absence of males in the Fig from Pontedera (1720), though he of course may have verified it ; for he specially refers to this author and Tournefort. Solms seems to have overlooked the fact that Pontedera expressly states that the domestic fig is destitute of stamens. The Erinosyce. — Besides the Fig and Caprifig, Pontedera distinguished a third form or race, which July 7, 1SS3.] THE GARDRNERS- CU RON /CLE. 23 bore two crops of fruit, an early and a late ; the early crop resembling the Iruit of the C.iprifig, and the late crop resembling the fruit of the cultivated Fig, among other things in being destitute of male flowers. Pontedera's words are — "Ilis paucis de Caprifico expositis, ad tertiam Ficus differentiam venio, id est ad Erinosycen. Ilasc autem semper bifera est, cujus pr^ecocia poma grossi sunt, apicibus staminibusque referta, et sine maturitate decidua ; serotina vero stamina apicesque nequaquam producunt, unguibus tantum squamosis, ut in sativis ficubus, ornala. IIa:c suam habent perfectionem, et edulia sunt. Est igitur Erinosyce inter sativam Ficum et Capiificum media ; nam pomis prxcocibus ad Caprificum spectat, serotinis autem ad sativam Ficum." Respecting the Erinosyce, Solms remarks that it awaits further research ; possibly it may have some relationship to the variety of cultivated Fig he met with at Croisic, at the mouth of the Loire, on the coast of Brittany, This variety has perfect male flowers, but they are much behind the females in their development, and the upper part of the Fig, which contains them ripens much less perfectly, so that it is customary to throw it away in eating. As stated in the abstract of Solm's essay, with the ex- ception of this variety, he found perfect male flowers in none of the numerous fruits of the cultivated Fig examined by him. Occasionally there are malformed or monstrous stamens destitute of pollen, A Variety of the Cutivated Fig with Male Flowers in England.— In searching the Transactions of the Horlkiiltural Society of London for information on this subject, and especially for possible records of the raising of seedling Figs in England, I came upon an interesting article (v., p. 163), entitled "Observations on the Fruit of Fig Trees," by Sir Charles Miles Lambert Monck. Then as now. Fig growers were sometimes disappointed by the fruit falling off when immature, and the investi- gations of the author of the article in question were conducted with a view to discovering the cause of the fruit failing te ripen. He says ; — " When the failure of fruit in the conservatory as certainly as on the garden wall made me 'sure that the defect of warmth was not the cause, I was led to suspect, from the con- stant advance of the Figs to the same state, and as con- stant failure when they came to it, that it was defect of setting. I am no botanist, but I know the stigmas and stamens with their anthers, and the ofiices of each. This spring, when the Figs on that Fig tree in the conservatory which casts its fruit were half grown, I cut one open, and with the assistance of a microscope found that it contained next the eye many florets having lull-sized anthers ; the remaining part of the Fig was occupied by florets each containing one stigma. These last florets were small in proportion to the other kind, though much more numerous. The whole fruit was squat-shaped, anther-bearing florets being in the upper part, and the bottom being occupied by heavy stigma-bearing florets, amongst which here and there a half perfect anther-bearing floret occasionally exists. Many of these Figs dropped when half grown, others at different in- creased sizes. Those which remained on latest seemed to make an ineffectual effort to ripen ; they swelled suddenly but only a little, and acquired somewhat of the complexion of a ripe Fig, but when cut open showed the anthers grown much larger, though dead and dry, the stigmas no further ad- vanced than in a half-grown Fig, and the part at the root of these last which ought to be the pulp was become a little moist, and had acquired a very slight smell of the ripe fruit, but was not sweet or even eatable. I opened every spring F'igs that fell from this tree, and found them all as I have described. When the summer crop came I found some variation. A few dropped at half size, the others stayed on and made the ineffectual attempt to swell. I observed upon opening them that those which stayed longest swelled most, acquired most of the complexion of a ripe Fig, had their anther-bearing florets small and least numerous, their stigma-bearing florets much further advanced in size and perfection than any which were contained in the spring crop — they even appeared to contain very small seeds. For the benefit of comparison I cut open half-grown spring Figs of the White Marseilles tree in the conservatory, and of the Howick Fig tree against the garden wall. These displayed arrangements of their insides similar to each other, but quite different from those of the other Fig ; their anther-bearing florets were small and imperfect, occupying a very small space round the eye. Their stigma-bearing florets were like velvet, lining the lower part of the Fig, and so short as not to meet, but to leave a vacant space in the middle of the Fig. The White Marseilles and Howick J'"igs were not squat-shaped, but long, like a Pear, with anlher- bearing florets, few and puny ; the stigma-bearing florets numerous and large, filling the whole F'ig so as to leave scarcely any vacant space in the middle. The anther-bearing florets always grow next to the eye o( a Fig. If they are to lake the lead in a Fig, the part from which they grow will naturally be large, and the part where puny sligma-bearing florets grow will be small : hence arises the squat shape. If the stigma-bearing florets are to take the lead, the part from which they grow, which is next the stalk, will be large, and that next the eye, where the puny anther- bearing florets grow, small ; hence arises the Pear shape. This observation will enable us to pronounce the internal arrangement of a Fig for fructification from a view of its external shape, and if observations of further varieties of F'igs should accord with these which I have made, we may tell by the shape of the Figs which a tree puts forth whether it will bear eatable Figs or not. My experiments and observa- tions .... have also led me to conjecture ; — "i. That Fig-trees never bear Figs which con- tain both kinds of florets in an efficient state. "2. That Figs in which the anther-bearing florets only are perfect never come to be eatable fruit. "3. That you may pronounce from the external shape of a Fig which kind of floret prevails. "4. That Fig trees which put forth crops of Figs and cast them, most probably do so from defect of setting." The worthy author of the foregoing observations seems to have been quite capable of understanding what he saw, though some of his inferences and deductions are not sound. From actual observation I am able to say that shape, in so far as the Fig is spherical or Pear-shaped, has no relation to the pre- ponderance or greater development of one or the other of the sexes. 'Turning to T. F. L. Nees, who was a careful observer, we find {Genera Flom Germaniciz, iv., t. 33) that he figures both Fig and Caprifig ; and he has the following note: — "In Fico Carica sativa flosculi masculi desideranlur." Of the Caprifig, Miquel {Annalcs Slusci Botanici LugJuno, Batavi, iii.) says, * ' Videtur bona species, sed characteres ad hue incerti. " Hayne (Gewachse, ix., t. 13) places the Fig in the Linnean Polygamia Dioecia. Schkuhr (Botanische Handbnch, iv., p. 356, t. 25S) places the Fig in " Trioecia," though he states that in all the cultivated Figs he had examined there were only female flowers. I might go on with these references, but I think I have given sufficient for the purpose. Not one writer among the numerous writers whose works I have consulted has actually figured from his own observations male flowers from a cultivated Fig. On the other hand, several authors of repute assert that perfect seeds are sometimes formed in the cultivated Fig in spite of the absence of male flowers ; and some of these writers, at all events, refer to the Fig of Central Europe, where the Caprifig does not exist. Dr. Brandis {Forest Flora of North-ivest and Central India, p. 41S) says of Ficus Carica, "The receptacles which appear first, in the lower axils, are androgynous (that is, contain both male and female flowers), containing a few male with numerous female flowers ; those which appear later in the year, in the upper axils, only produce female flowers." The author, who is now in England, informs me that he is unable to say whether that statement was made from his own observation, or from an oral communication, or from a published record. In bringing this to a close, I may add that Dr. Brandis and I have had an opportunity of examining nearly ripe Figs of three cultivated varieties, namely. Brown Turkey, Ischia, and one unknown variety, obligingly placed at our disposal by Mr. Woodbridge, of Syon House gardens ; and we found no trace of male flowers, neither did we find any embryo, though the crustaceous pericarp or testa of the seed was fully developed. The conclusions that the foregoing data suggest are that the Fig is practically dioecious, with a tendency to revert to a polygamously dioecious condition ; and that the cultivated Fig has, like many other plants, the power of producing apogamous or adventitious embryos, not perhaps constantly, but occasionally. Further, I am inclined to believe that Sir Charles Monck was nearly right in his surmise as to the cause of I'igs failing to set, though not quite. In my opinion there is an occasional reversion of the sexes as it is known to happen in other plants. The Fig tree then produces a crop of fruit in which the flowers are functionally male, and as soon as these have attained their full development the Figs ihiivel ancl fall. Of course, the fruit may fall from a variety of causes, but it seems that it is certain to fall if it con- tain male instead of female flowers. Gardeners may easily solve this problem, which is much easier of solution than the reason why there is a reversion of the sexes, ]V, H. llenislcy. NOTES AROUND GLASGOW. The Botanical Gardens are looking remarkably well just now. The new range (see p. 221, vol. xvii.) is undoubtedly one of the finest in the United King- dom, and is well stocked with a choice and varied collection of plants, with which Mr. Bullen, the energetic Curator, has done wonders since he has been in possession of the much-needed new houses. The splendid winter garden, known also as the Kibble Conservatory, is also a source of great attrac- tion, and contains some grand specimens of Palms and Ferns — of the latter, one of the finest and healthiest groups I have seen. Ardgowan, the lovely seat of Sir M. Shaw Stuarl, M.P., is also always worthy a visit. I can fully endorse all that was lately said in your columns by a visitor, for a cleaner and better kept place I have never seen. The plant-houses contain in their various departments very fine examples of successful culti- vation, and the vineries. Peach-houses, and Fig- house, which were recently described, contain as fine and well-grown crops as any one could desire. The grounds and kitchen gardens are admirably kept, and should any one visit this princely seat they will find in Mr. Lunt a most genial man, and a thorough practical gardener. Eastwood Park, the seat of David Todd, Esq., is another lovely spot. The houses here contain a good collection of Orchids, and Odontoglossums and Masdevallias are grown to perfection. The collec- tion includes some wonderfully fine varieties, such as Odontoglossura vexillarium. In the vinery and Peach- house there are also fine crops. Mr. Ewart, the gardener, is to be congratulated on his success in the various departments. Garscube, Lady Campbell's residence, is situated in a beautiful spot, a few miles from the city. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and contain one of the finest collections of Rhododendrons in Scotland. The fruit-houses contain grand crops, and plants are well done all round. The great improvement mani- fest in the various departments reflects great credit upon Mr. Flemming, the gardener, whose heart and soul is in his work. Eglinton Castle, the lovely demesne of the Earl of Eglinton, is well worth a visit at any time. It is a charming estate, well wooded, and the grounds are well laid out. The various departments never looked better ; indeed, the Eglinton of to-day bears no comparison with the Eglinton of eight years ago, so great is the improvement that has been made. In the well ordered kitchen garden I was astonished to find a long bed containing 1500 plants of the true double old Scotch Rocket, each 2 feet high, as much through, some spikes branched and over 9 inches long, with as many as seven and eight branches. What a valuable plant for cutting from ! Then again there are two long borders of Foxgloves, such a show as I never expected to see ; and of Violas Mr. Gray has been fortunate in raising some splendid varieties which have been sent out, and are much appreciated by the public. Mr. Gray and Lady Diana are grown here with numerous others, and are now in perfec- tion, making as grand a display as it is possible to conceive. Herbaceous and alpine plants receive here all the attention they deserve ; and what can be more useful than such a collection as the Eglinton garden contains? Too much credit cannot be bestowed upon Mr. Gray for the great improvements he has made here. There are several other fine places in the neigh- bourhood, of which I must send you notes at some future time. Of course the grand collection of plants formerly known as the Meadowbank collection, and the late Mr. A. B. Stewart's, are broken up, but it is gratifying to find that other gentlemen are taking an interest in horticultural matters, and it is to be hoped that Glasgow will not (all behind other cities and towns in the kingdom. A. 0. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. COMPARETTIA FALCATA. Remarks on the Geographical Distribu- tion OF COMPARETTIA FALCATA (PoPP., EnDL.), AND ITS Occurrence in the Natural Habi- tat. — The main inducement to communicate the following notes on the above subject is an intimation, made some time back in the Gardeners' Chronicle, that Comparettia falcata grows amongst Fragarias in its natural habitat. How far this is the case, or not, the geographical distribution as far as disco- vered up to this date, the influence of orographical and climatical conditions, &c., I propose to discuss in the present article. One or the other item may prove useful to some of the readers of this paper. Geographical Distribution.— In latitude Com- parettia falcata occurs from 2° S. lat. to l6° N. lat. — that is, from Central Ecuador to Northern Guate- mala. The longitudinal extension is from 76° to 95° W. long., Gr. ; but this is of little signification, as the plant might make its delnU in any longitude if the climatical and other conditions were suitable. The region inhabited by Comparettia falcata is some- what smaller than the general average region of most other Orchids, which is from 800 to 1000 metres under the Equator. It is likewise lower and smaller in Guatemala and other Central American places, higher and larger in Columbia and Ecuador. The inferior limit above the sea-level is 1000 metres in Guatemala, growing gradually to 1200 metres towards the Equator. The superior limit 'is 1400 and 1800 metres respectively. Illustrated the region of C. falcata would exhibit the half-moon form ; and this is, indeed, the shape of the region that most Orchids, and other plants growing near or under the Equator, affect. Compared with Humboldt's regional divisions, it would par excellence fall in his region of the Myrtles and Laurels, especially under the Equator. In Guate- mala it occurs in the beginning of his region of ever- green Oak woods. Climatical Conditions. — The climate, the most important factor on which the appearance and organic development of epiphytal Orchids depends, is at the same time a problem very difficult to be solved — at least by the traveller, who can only carry on his meteorological observations (and these to a very limited extent) during short periods of time in one locality. Notwithstanding this I possess observations of the atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the air and of the soil at different depths, psychrometer (wet and dry bulb thermometers) readings, &c., of almost all regions from Guatemala to Northern Peru ; and although they are chiefly for but short spaces of time- indeed often only of few days' duration — they have been made at all seasons of the year, and thus will allow a reliable conclusion (of course, not absolute data, but by no means mere guesses, like those of some veteran plant collectors who never carried any physical or mechanical instrument, except, perhaps, a questionable thermometer) of the periodic courses of the above-specified items, which at different seasons follow with much regularity in equinoctial districts, I mentioned two items of my observations especially, viz., the observation of the^temperature of the soil at different depths, and the psychrometer (hydrometer) readings. Both factors appear to me of the highest importance for artificial plant culture. The former is, moreover, a fairly reliable method of securing the annual mean temperature of a certain locality, pro- vided one does not content himself with the depth specified by M. Boussingault, who made the assertion that there is no variation of temperature beyond 30 cm. of depth in equinoctial districts. This latter assertion is just as hypothetical as several others of the great scientist, but to criticise them is neither in place here nor is it my object. With respect to the temperature of the soil, I have observed that in some localities — for instance, about Purificacion and Neiva, in the Upper Magdalena Valley — there is still a notable change of temperature at the depth of 80 cm. to be perceived. Of course those barren localities, with their unclouded sky for a considerable period of time, make an exception to the rule. What the tempera- ture of the soil is to plant culture in general so is the degree of humidity of the atmosphere to Orchids in particular, or even more, as these plants and their development mostly depend upon that factor. Ano- ther matter of great importance with Orchids is the degree of clouding of the sky and its duration during the day. How great the latter really is I have practi • cally observed by trial-culture of Orchids commenced some time since, at various places and elevations, the results of which shall be made known after returning from the Tropics. These introductory remarks I have thought neces- sary to make in order to illustrate the extent and modus of my observations, and afford ample scope to critics. The climate of the region outlined above is rather changeable, not only with respect to the temperature, but also with respect to the periodical rainfall and the quantity of water in the air. The mean temperature of the entire region is 18° C. (64° Fahr.), the same in Central America as in Columbia and Ecuador ; but the difference between the annual maximum mean and annual minimum mean temperature of the warmest and coldest month of the year is very great in the various countries. It is only 1.5° C. to 2° C. in Columbia and Ecuador, but 6,5° C. to 7.5° C. in Guatemala. The quantity of water in the atmosphere varies some- what, according to the seasons, but there is sufficient ground to conclude that during the wet season it will probably be of uniform proportions over the entire zone. From the small table, which I annex for a clearer illustration of the daily course of the tempera- ture and the quantity of vapour of water in the atmo- sphere, it will be seen that there is, even during the dry season, a very high degree of saturation to be observed, especially during the early morning and later afternoon hours — indeed, as much as the air at the observed temperature can carry. The seasons vary greatly in the countries cited above. In Guatemala there prevails only one dry and one wet season, the first commencing in December and ending in April, Thus a strongly pronounced rest in the entire vegetation. In Columbia there are two dry and two wet seasons. The first dry one com- mences in January and ends in March, the second commences in June and ends in September. The heaviest rains fall about the end of April and in November, There are often exceptions to this rule, and it is not uncommon that rain falls throughout the year. In consequence of this the vegetation there is scarcely ever at rest. The anemological and nubiferous conditions (wind and cloud) of the region of Comparettia falcata follow somewhat regular courses. About the anemological conditions it suflices to be observed that there is never a perfect rest in the aerial circulation. There is always a gentle breeze to be noted. The greatest proportions, according to a decimal scale, hardly ever reaches 5. As to the cloud conditions of the region of Comparettia falcata, I have, of the numerous localities visited, never observed that the sky was perfectly free from clouds, nor, on the other hand, densely overcast with them. There is a con- stant change of light and shade. Until 9 a.m. a light fog usually covers the thinly set woods in which C. falcata grows. At that hour they then begin to rise and form foggy-looking cumulus, which during the dry season soon concentrates into grayish strata. During the wet season they begin to pre- cipitate in heavy showers from about 2 p.m. The appearance of the sky at this season resembles much that which prevails at the end of April and beginning of May on the European continent. Phenomena of Growth.— There are few Orchids which are so particular in this respect as Com- parettias. The only ones which can be compared with them are the genera Burlingtonia, Tricho- centrum, lonopsis, Rodriguezia, and a few others. Comparettia falcata is, moreover, very particular as to the trees on which it grows ; and this may be taken as the principal reason why they are so difficult to grow artificially. With but few exceptions on Oaks and Orange trees in Guatemala, and the Guava tree (Inga spec), they scarcely ever frequent any other trees as the common Guayava (Psidium guay- ava), the Arrayan (Myrtus xylopioides), and the Mimosa trees. The woods in which it makes its debiU are usually of a thinly-set copse-wood character. In some cases they are park-like savannah woods ; in others the thinly-set outskirts of larger forests. Localities 'frequented by preference are the banks of rivers and mountain brooks, bordered with tabular Mimosa bushes. From the foregoing notes it will clearly be seen that the statement as to C. falcata growing a"nongst Fra- garias can hardly be true. This is, for two reasons, impossible ; one is that C. falcata is an exclusive epiphyte ; two, the inferior limit of Fragaria is 2000 metres above the sea in the equatorial Andes, while the superior limit of the region of C. falcata is only 1800 metres. I might warn all Orchid growers against plunging their Comparettias into any kind of soil, or even sphagnum. They will only thrive on blocks ; perhaps Oak-wood ought to be employed. Concluding Remarks.— Whether all the plants of Comparettia of the region outlined above are to be taken as typical falcata I will not decide here. I may take one or the other form, variety, or even sub- species, as nothing more than an abnormal develop- ment caused through different climatical conditions ; but since I am anything but a modern form or variety maker, I must observe that I may overlook points which are sufficient to create a new species altogether. However, many years' observations in indisputably one of the richest fields of epiphytal Orchids on the globe have shown me that Orchids, growing in differ- ent localities, and under varying orographical and climatical conditions, are capable of great abnormal developments, I have, indeed, seen so much varia- tion in Orchids that I have given up all talk about new varieties. To give an example, I may mention that during my last travels in the Magdalena basin— de- voted exclusively to the study of the country— a locality was visited in which Cattleya Triann: grew very abundantly. Of the many hundreds of plants which were seen in bloom I was unable to select two that had flowers of equal size and colour, so great was the variation. I think every English amateur of Orchids might have two special varieties from that spot without exhausting the number of them. Now, supposing all these varieties of Cattleya were de- scribed and named, what a catalogue ! I think such plants might receive a local name — say, Mr. Gosling's dark-coloured variety, or Mr. Pfeifenhauer's extremely large lipped plant — as this is of considerable import- ance to the horticulturist ; but as far as the botanist is concerned, these varieties can only be simply recorded, with the remark that such and such a species is capable of greatly varying developments. Not at all less is the variation with Comparettia falcata. While the plants from Guatemala are very small, producing short wiry-looking scapes with but three to five small intensively coloured flowers, those from some parts (not from all !) of Columbia are three and fourfold the size, and produce strong many- branched panicles with from twenty-five to forty crimson-coloured large flowers. The plants from Ecuador are only of medium size. As to the extinction of this Orchid in its natural habitat, there exists as little probability as with most other Orchid species. It has often been thought that by the irrational system of collecting such species as Odontoglossum crispum, Lindl., may sooner or later become an object of the past in the natural woods of Columbia. Indeed, this belief went so far that an old patriarch of Orchid impor- tations considered it a fine "spec" to keep a col- lector constantly in the locaHty of that plant, while another company announced the complete extermi- nation of Odontoglossum cirrosum, Lindl., in its natural habitat. There is no danger of such exter- minations of species. Of course on the road from Guaduas to Tacatativa and Bogota it might be con- sidered a miracle par excellence if a specimen plant of Odontoglossum crispum was found ; and many of our modern collectors — who sleep until 11 a.m., thus giving rise to discontent on the part of the hotel- keeper from taking their meals at unusual hours, and after this see how many plants their Indians have harvested — know very little more about the woods of Cundinamarca, and it is really no wonder if such tales of extermination are spread about. Since there are millions of acres of ground in all parts of Tropical America where no plant-collector has yet stamped his footmark, and wherein, owing to the sad political and economical circumstances with respect to communication in most of those South American Republics, for the next fifty years to come will not stamp it, there are still large tracts of woods in which those plants grow just as undisturbed as 400 years ago, when no European had seen America. The only thing that can rationally be said with respect to Orchid collecting and extermination is, that the former becomes every day more difficult and costly as the woods near the towns and villages are July 7, 1883.) THE G.IRDENERS' CHRONICLE 25 gradually destroyed and no efforts taken to restitute them ; but, as far as extermination is concerned, actual observations in many parts have taught me that it hardly ever will take place with any species. /''. C. Lehmann* Guate innla, 1530 metres the sea. above Columbia, 1740 metres above the sea. Abso- lute Abso- lute Month. Hour. Temp, in Fahr. quantity of water in the air. Mnth. Temp, in Fahr. quantity of wattr in the air. „ gramins. gramms. April. 6 A.M. SS 11.4 April. 58 130 ., 7 •• 57 10.9 " 59 13.Q „ 8 ., 62 10.3 11 60 '=■3 i> 9 T. 66 lao 63 12 2 „ 10 ,, 7> 9. a 6S 12.0 „ 11 ., 73 9.0 ,, 68 11.9 „ 13 M. 76 8.5 73 JI.9 „ I P.M. 78 8.5 7" 11.9 „ 3 >> 78 9 3 7t 11.9 „ 3 11 77 10. 0 .. ' 70 ■-'3 „ 4 <• 75 10.2 „ 1 68 12.9 5 ., 7» 10.5 65 13-0 „ 6 „ 68 11.0 64 13. 1 » 7 ,. 65 11.2 1 » 63 13.1 „ 8 „ 63 11.6 63 13.1 ■• 9 >■ 62 11.6 63 ■3-1 Itflttccs of §aoIiS. English Botany, or Coloured Figures of British Plants. Third edition, enlarged, re- arranged according to the Natural Orders, and en- tirely revised. Edited by John T. Boswell, LL.D., K.L.S., &c. No. 84. (George Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent Garden, London.) It is with very great satisfaction that we find the continuation of this, our standard work on British botany, has been resumed after an interval amount- ing to about eight years. The new part just published is the first number of the twelfth and concluding volume of the whole work, which will contain the flowerless plants of the British Isles and a complete index to the whole work. The part before us con- tains plates and descriptions of the following plants : — Pilularia globulifera, Isoetes lacustris and the variety Morei, I. echinospora, I. hystrix, Selaginella sela- ginoides, Lycopodium Selago, L. inundatum, L. annotinum, L. clavatum, L. alpinum, Ophioglossum vulgatum, O. lusitanicum, and Botrychium lunaria ; in addition to which are plates of the following, unaccompanied by text (which will doubtless appear in the next number), viz., Oimunda regalis, Tricho- manes radicans, Ilymenophyllum tunbridgense, H. unilaterale, Polypodium vulgare, Gymnogramma lep- tophylla, Cryptogramme crispa, and Phegopteris dryopteris. Under the head of "Excluded Species," Selaginella helvetica and Lycopodium complanatum are briefly noticed. The plates representing the above species, as compared with those of former editions of this work, are mostly very much im- proved by having had many additions and some alterations made to them, and are fully equal in merit to those of the previous volumes of the present edition ; nevertheless, it would have been better if the plate representing Osmunda regalis had been improved entirely away, and a better one substituted for it. On plate 1S27 a curious typographical error occurs, the word Poetes being printed for Isoetes. In the text the plants are dealt with in the same thorough manner as in the preceding volumes. It is to be hoped that the five succeeding parts which will compose the rest of this volume will be published as speedily as circumstances will permit, so that we may shortly have the satisfaction of seeing this useful work completed. should be taken to ensure accuracy. We do not know on what principle the selection of plants is made, but it seems odd that Cypripedium calceolus should be inserted, while the much more beautiful C. spectabile is not mentioned. What can Mr. Wood mean when he says of Dianthus hybridus that "the specific name of this variety {sic) is not at all descriptive, and it may be better to at once give its common name of Mule Pink, of which there are various colours," &c. ? Throughout the book the specific names are printed in capitals — a mere technical error, perhaps, but one very embarrass- ing to a student. A well-known Sunflower is men- tioned as Ilelianthus Orygalis, the English transla- tion of which is given as the "graceful Sunflower" — a statement which will produce even greater embarrassment. It is a pity that a book like this, containing so much that is practical and good, should not have been revised before publication by some competent botanist. A third edition of the Student's Guide to the Praclice of Medicine^ by Dr. Charteris (Churchill), has been published, and may be recommended to students as affording indications of the points to which their attention should be directed, and it may also be useful as a remembrancer to the practitioner. By no means should such a book be read by an invalid or even by his friends ! We find no mention of the manner of using either the laryngoscope or the ophthalmoscope, andfew references to the information to be obtained by their use. The Handbook Dictionary. — Mr. Murray has just published a valuable little dictionary, prepared by Mr. G. F. Chambers, and which is well suited for travellers and tourists. It comprises in parallel columns, in the English, French, and German lan- guages respectively, a selection of all the words most likely to be useful to the tourist. By convenient typographical arrangements the gender of the nouns is indicated, and great care is used to give the correct synonymy and the appropriate signification of words and expressions having a double or multiple meaning. It is just the book for the tourist's knapsack, but would be improved in the next edition by the addition of the metric weights and measures and their English equivalents, and a table of foreign coinage. Hardy Perennials and Old-Fashioned Flowers. By J. Wood. (L. Upcott Gill, 170, Strand.) An account, arranged alphabetically, of some of the principal herbaceous perennials which will be useful to those amateurs who do not care for more than a superficial knowledge of the plants they grow. However limited their requirements, the greatest care FOf^ESTr^Y, Forest Work i'OR July — Barking. — The past month has been a very favourable one for the harvesting of bark, and every advantage should be taken of dry weather to complete work of this kind yet remaining unfinished. Where the peeling was commenced early, and advantage taken of the first chance of delivery, the bark has turned out well and of excellent quality, the result being satisfaction on all sides. As compared with last season prices are rather on the decline, the average this season being Soj. per ton. All Oak timber should be neatly dressed and at once removed from the ground, and either lotted for sale or disposed of otherwise. Where underwood or coppice is desired, great care is necessary to prevent damage to the young shoots, which will now be springing up freely around the stools. Those planta- tions in which barking operations have been going on should now get a thorough overhauling, by removing injured branches and rival leaders, repairing fences, and liberating such trees as are becoming overtopped by otheis, and that are intended for a permanent crop. Planti.xg. — Should it be found necessary to re- plant any of the ground from which large timber has been removed, the pits may now be opened of a large size, and all roots and remains of the former crop picked out, and either burned or removed from ofi the ground. Look over young plantations formed during the past two seasons, and remove rank herbage of all kinds that is likely to interfere with the health of the plants. Many young trees are either lost or rendered useless for timber purposes, by allowing the growth of Gorse, Briers, Ferns, rank grasses, tSic, which entirely shut out the light and air — two essentials for the healthy development of the young plants. Grub out or cut close to the ground Ivy on plantation trees. Nursery. — In the nursery pay every attention to keeping down weeds, especially during warm, dry weather, thus not only checking the seeds but allow- ing a free circulation of air amongst the young plants. Ornamental budding is usually performed during this and the following month, as at that time the bark separates more freely from the wood and the young buds are fully (ormed ; but whenever the two latter conditions can be satisfied the operation may take place equally well. Look over grafted plants and undo the lies where necessary, as when the scion has taken well the sooner it is untied the better. Remove all buds and twigs below the graft, as these tend only to divert the sap from the head of the stock. Flm seeds may now be collected from healthy, well grown trees, and either sown immediately or spread out to dry. Turn compost heaps of weeds and all vegetable refuse, at the same time adding a quantity of hot lime, which will not only help to hasten decomposi- tion, but destroy the vitality of the seeds. If the weather remains dry, water regularly all seed-beds of Elm until they germinate ; then shade from the scorching rays of the sun. Stir up hard ground between the rows of all nursery stock, which is not only highly beneficial for the plants but a means of killing and destroying weeds. A careful overlook of young Conifers in the nursery will at this season be advantageous, so as to regulate and check all rival leaders as well as strong side branches, thereby im- proving their general appearance and adding to their value as ornamental or timber trees. Hedging. — Trim ornamental hedges of all kinds, but especially those of Laurel, Yew, Box, and Privet. Be careful to burn or bury the Yew pruning?, as they are deadly poison to cattle, more especially when in a half dead state. Clear all weeds and Ivy from the bottoms of hedgerows, at the same time loosening the soil by hoeing or a slight digging. Pruning. — Pay attention to trees and shrubs growing alongside drives and walks, and see that they are not encroaching too far on the roadway. Where such is the case they should be promptly pruned back, and never delayed until real necessity demands their removal. Use the pruning-knife judiciously on Laurels and beds of choice evergreen shrubs. These should be trimmed regularly at least once a year, for if left for any longer period the heavy pruning then found necessary has a very unsightly appearance, and should never be tolerated, at least within the policy grounds. Finish during the month all pruning and disbudding of forest trees, at the same time r^ulating the shoots and leaders of coniferous trees before the growth is completed. Wounds produced by amputation or dis- budding soon heal over when the trees are in a grow- ing state, especially where the operation has been carefully performed by a skilled workman. Fencing. — Continue to erect continuous iron and wire fences, repair such as are in a dilapidated state, and pay strict attention to all tree guards and rabbit- proof wire fences. During dry hot weather proceed with the painting of gates and ornamental fences, and the tarring of iron wire and wooden fences. Planta- tion fences should now be frequently examined and kept in a thorough state of repair, as during hot weather cattle, to avoid being tormented with flies, naturally seek the denser shade of the woodland. Roads and Walks.— Keep all gravel walks and roads clear of weeds, and in a good sound passable condition, which will at all times be a pleasure to passengers and a credit to those in charge of the work. Material for repairing carriage drives and roads may now be got ready and carted to some con- venient spot ready for use when wanted. Previous to shedding their seeds cut back all rank grasses and weeds from the margins of roads and along the out- skirts of plantations. Within the policy grounds a strip of grass, 3 feet in width, is kept closely mown alongside the principal drives, thus not only giving to the roads a neat and tidy appearance, but also pre- venting the long grasses from hanging over and seeding on the margins. General Work. — Drain, fence, pit, and other- wise prepare ground intended for autumn planting. Clear branches from open drains, especially in recently thinned plantations, and have them thoroughly drained out, and put in a good state of repair. During warm weather begin operations on the banks of rivers and streams where the water has been encroaching, and remove accumulations of sand or other sediment which may interrupt their course. Repair woodland roads and drives, as nothing tends to enhance the value of timber as well as facilitate forest work gener- 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. I ally, like well-kept roads. As recommended for last month, it may be well to examine plantations formed during the past season, and make firm any of the young plants that have become swayed with the wind. Large transplants should also be looked to during dry weather, and if necessary a copious supply of water should be given. Mulching the soilaround large plants, as well as syringing overhead, is also highly beneficial, and may be the means of saving many that would otherwise succumb to the protracted drought and heat. A, D. Websiefj Fenrhyn Castle^ North Wales, National Rose : July 3. — The excessively hot day on Monday — and it was one of the hottest we have had for several years — with a tremendous storm of thunder, lightning, and rain at night, boded ill for the success of the National Rose Society's metro- politan show ; and, in truth, though equally as representative, it was not so fine in all-round quality as last year's display. Notwithstanding all that has been said to the contrary, Roses generally suffered much in the spring — the blooms coming now show it unmistakably ; and what with poor substance and the great heat, the Rose season promises to be soon over ; but there is this consolation — we can anticipate a good autumn display wilh some degree of confi- dence. Those who, like Mr. Turner, deferred their cutting till the morning of the show day, had to do it in a drenching rain, and suffered accordingly. Nurserymen's Classes. — The first eight classes were confined to nurserymen, in two divisions, those showing in division A. — the first four classes — not being allowed to compete in division B. In what is usually regarded as the champion class — that for seventy-two single trusses, distinct — Mr. B. R. Cant, of Colchester, for the 3d year _ in succession took the ist prize, and in his winning collection this time further distinguished himself by showing both the best hybrid perpetual and the best Tea Roses, single blooms, in the trade classes. These were H.P. Mens. Noman, a fine bloom certainly, but which many did not regard as a happy selection ; and Tea Souvenir d'Elise, a magnificent flower, the superior claims of which left no room for cavil ; and for both of these Mr. Cant received the Society's Silver Medal. Conspicuous for their fine quality among'the Colchester blooms may also be noted examples of A. K. Williams, Franfoise Michelon, Madame Charles Wood, Dupuy Jamain, Constantine Tretiakoff, Xavier Olibo, Duchess de Vallombrosa, Marie Van Houtte, Devoniensis, Violette Bowyer, Perle de Lyon, Sultan of Zanzibar, Souvenir de Mons. Boll, Baroness Roths- child, Madame Ducher, Antoine Ducher, Duchess of Bedford, Annie Laxton, Madame Willermoz, Maurice Bauniann, Madame Marie Verdier, Madame Eugenie Verdier, Boildeau, Penelope Mayo, Madame Caroline Kuster, Duke of Teck, and Madame Vidot; Messrs. Paul & Son were 2d, with a collection somewhat wanting in size, though strong in substance and freshness. In this collection the most remarkable blooms were of Dr. Andry, Beauty of Waltham, Duchesse de Caylus, Edouard Morren, A. K. Williams, Star of Waltham, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Ulrich Brunner, Antoine Ducher, Comte Raimbaud, Duchess of Bedford, Horace Vernet, Souvenirdela Malmaison, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Rady, Madame Eugenie Verdier, Sultan of Zanzibar, Madame Charles Wood, Marie Van Houtte, Etienne Levet, Annie Laxton, and Captciin Christy. Mr. Turner came in 3d, with a grand lot of blooms as regards size and substance, but showing signs of the weather ; and Messrs. Keynes & Co. , Salisbury, were a good 4lh, while the Cranston Nursery Co., Here- ford, were Highly Commended. In the class for thirty-six trebles, distinct, there was one entry less than in the preceding, and here the strength of Cheshunt was developed to the utmost, and the result was accom- plished of turning the tables on the Colchester grower, Messrs. Paul & Son taking ist honours. Very superior in this collection were their trios of Captain Christy, Beauty of Waltham, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Rady, George Moreau, Marie Baumann, Caroline Kuster, A. K. Williams, ConUesse d'Oxford, Etienne Levet. Dr. Andry, Duke of Edinburgh, Julie Touvais, Duke of Teck, Mar^chal Niel, Comtesse de Ludine, Prince Arthur, and Madame Eugenie Verdier. Mr. B. R. Cant was strongest in light coloured varieties, having among others superior blooms of Baroness Rothschild, Etienne I^vet, Souvenird'Elise, Marie Baumann, Madame Eugenie Verdier, Merveille de Lyon, Rubens, Ed. Mor- ren, Marguf^rite de St. Araand, Annie Laxton, Antoine Ducher, Madame Charles Wood, and A. K. Williams. Mr. Turner again came in 3d, and Messrs. Keynes & Co. 4th. With twenty-four trebles, Mr. Cant again came to the front, his nearest rival being Mr. G. Prince, of Oxford. The Colchester collection included very fine blooms of Rubens, Marie Rady, Star of Waltham, Francois Michelon, Mons. Noman, Annie Laxton, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Edouard Morren, Innocente Pirola, A. K. Williams, Mrs. Baker, Maurice Bernardin, Anna Olivier, and Madame Gabrielle Luizet. Jean Ducher, Ulrich Brunner, Rubens, Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and Mons. E. Y. Teas were splendidly shown in Mr. Prince's boxes. Messrs. Paul & Son were 3d, and Mr. Turner 4th. For eighteen single Teas or Noisettes Messrs. Paul & Son and Mr. Prince were declared equal in point of merit, and the prizes were awarded accordingly. Most prominent for their fine quality among the Cheshunt flowers were examples of Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Rubens, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame Margottin, Perle des Jardins, Madame Cusin, Perle de Lyon, Souvenir d'un Ami, and Devoniensis ; while Mr. Prince's strong points were centred in blooms of Jean Ducher, Catherine Mer- met, Amazon, Anna Olivier, Marie Van Houtte, Com- tesse Nadaillac, Souvenir de Madame Pernet, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, and Souvenir de Paul N^ron. The first of the classes in division B., that for forty- eight singles, brought Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., of Torquay, to the front in a strongly contested class. High-coloured flowers of substance and purity were the mam feature in the Torquay collection, especially strong in these respects being blooms of Duke of Wellington, Antoine Ducher, Victor Verdier, Charles Lefebvre, Alfred Dumesnil, Madame Charles Wood, Duke of Edin- burgh, Marie Baumann, Fran9oise Michelon, Etienne Levet, Barthelemy Joubert, La France, and Abel Grand. Mr. J. House, of Peterborough, was a good 2d Mr. ]. Walters, Mount Radford Nurseries, Exeter, 3d. Messrs. J. [efferies & Son, Cirencester, were 3d in a class in which there were sixteen entries. For eighteen trebles Mr. F. Cant, of Colchester, came in ist, his blooms for the most part being small, but very fresh and bright. Messrs. J. Jefferies & Son came in 2d ; Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., 3d ; and Mr. Walters 4th — all showing well. With two dozen singles Mr. Walker, of Thame, came in ist, with a fresh, even lot ; Mr. John Mattock, New Headington, Oxford, being 2d ; and Messrs. Kin- mont & Kidd, of Canterbury, 3d, The Tea and Noisette class in this section brought out a stronger competition than in the first division, though not so good a one as might have been expected. The ist prize was won by Messrs. Mitchell & Son, of Piltdown, Sussex, but not with such superb blooms as we have seen them exhibit. The leading varieties were Devoniensis, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Souvenir d'un Ami, Perle des Jardins, Jean Ducher, Madame Margottin, Catherine Mermet, Com- tesse Nadaillac, Madame Villermoz, jean Pernet, Sou- venir de Paul Neron, and Mar^chal Niel. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, were 2d; and Mr. John Mattock, 3d. Amateurs' Classes. — In the class for thirty-six single trusses, Alfred Slaughter, Esq., Jarvis Villa, Steyning, Sussex, was ist, with an excellent sample, among which were Camille Bernardin, Dr. Andry, Star of Waltham, Kgerie, Marie Baumann, Devienne Lamy, John Bright, Fisher Holmes, Le Havre, Etienne Levet, Beauty of Waltham, Souvenir d'un Ami. The blooms in this stand were fresh, regular as to size, and well chosen for contrast. No 2d prize was awarded, but Mr. T. W. Girdlestone, of Sunningdale, was awarded the 3d prize for a good stand, and R. N. G. Baker, Esq., Heavitree, Devon, the 4th, Mr. William Harrington, Corbels Tey, Rainham, being Highly Commended. In the compe- titlonfor twenty-four single trusses, A. J. Waterlow, Esq., Great Doods, Reigate, obtained the ist prize. This box contained, amongst other well known kinds. La France, Henri Ledechaux, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Rady, Victor Verdier, Countess of Oxford. Mar^chal Vaillant, Charles Rouillard, Mrs. Laxton, Jules Finger, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Etienne Levet : these were the cream of the lot, although all of the blooms were very superior. The Rev. Hugh S. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, was awarded the 2d prize for an excellent collection, amongst which the fol- lowing were the most noteworthy : — Marie Rady, Mons. Noman, Fran9oise Michelon, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, La France, Souvenir d'Elise, and Duke of Connaught. The 3d prize was taken by Alfred Slaughter, Esq., with an interesting stand, including Auguste Rigotard, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, and Dr. Andry— the Rev. W. H. Jackson. Stagsden Vicarage, Bedford, securing the 4tfi award in this class. In the competition for twelve distinct sorts, shown in trusses of three each, the ist prize was awarded to Thomas B. Heywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. , Mr. ]. Ridout), whose handsome box contained beautiful examples in the best condition of Le Havre, the general favourite Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Madame Lacharme, a sort not frequently seen in any of the collections ; Countess of Oxford, Marquise de Castellane, Fran9oise Michelon, Baronne de Roths- child, Captain Christy, and Edouard Morren. The zd prize was awarded to William Harrington, Esq., who had excellent blooms of the following favourite sorts : — Camille Bernardin, Duke of Edinburgh, Madame Sertot, Beauty of Waltham, and Marechal Niel. Mr. R. N. G. Baker, Heavitree, took the 3d prize ; and Mr. Girdle- stone, Sunningdale, also staged a nice lot of twelve. The class for twelve Teas or Noisettes was abundantly represented, and the blooms staged by the various com- petitors were exquisite, rendering the task of selection a difficult one. Mr. Alfred Slaughter was again ist prize man with Jean Ducher, Niphetos, Anne Olivier, Rubens, Marie Van Houtte, one of the very best of the Teas out- of-doors ; Catherine Mermet, Souvenir d'Elise, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame Lambard, and the yellow-veined Amazone. The 2d prize in this class was secured by A. L Waterlow, Esq., in whose box were capital blooms of Bouquet d'Or, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Jean Ducher, and the comparatively new yellow Etoile de Lyon. Charles Davis, Esq., Grammar School, Aynhoe, Ban- bury, was awarded the 3d prize ; and George Hawtrey, Esq., Slough, the 4th. In the competition for twenty- four single trusses the ist prize was obtained, against strong competition, by John Sargant, Esq., Reigate, whose collection, in every way excellent, contained notably the rosy-lilac Franpoise Michelon, Baroness Rothschild, Madame Victor Verdier, Marie Verdier, Horace Vernet, Duke of Teck, Duchesse de Morny, Marie Baumann, Emily Laxton, Marie Rady, Belle Lyonnaise, Duchess of Bedford, very good for this kind ; and the popular A. K. Williams, always bright and taking. The 2d prize was taken by G. Baker, Esq., Reigate ; in this box were good examples of Pride of Waltham, Edward Morren, Star of Waltham, Captain Christy, and Annie Laxton. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Round House, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, was 3d. In this collection were gooil flowers of Horace Vernet, Hippolyte Jamain, Prince Arthur, A. K. Wil- liams, Countess of Rosebery. Mr. H. Wakeley, Rain- ham, was awarded the 4th prize, Mr. Grant, Hope End, Ledbury, being Commended. In tie class for six Roses, distinct, three trusses of each, the 1st prize was taken by the Rev. John H. Pemberton, who: e collection consisted of Countess of Oxford, Marechal Niel, A. K. Williams, Horace Vernet, La France, and Marquise de Castel- lane. The 2d prize was secured by W. H. Wakeley, Esq., Marklands, Rainham, in whose lot were good samples of John Bright, Capt;' n Christy, and Mons. Noman. Miss W. Taylor,^ Manor House, Head- ingly, obtained the 4th prize, no 3d being awarded. In the competition for twelve distinct single trusses. Miss W. Taylor was placed ist \vi h a nice lot, including, amongst other well-known sorts, Marie Cointet, Duchesse de Caylus, Marechal Niel, Madame G. Luizet, L. Havre, Therese Levet, Sultan of Zanzibar, and A, K . Williams. The 2d prize was awarded to G. Mount, Esq., Harbledown, Canterbury, who showed a good Eugene Fiirst, Alfred Colomb, and the|pretty Baronne de Rothschild.' Julius Sladden, Fsq., Badsey, Evesham, took the 3d prize, showing Duchesst- de Caylus, A. K. Williams, and the less known Rosy ^'orn, in faultless condidon. The 4th prize was awarded 10 A. Evans, Esq., Marston, Oxon, for some very nice blooms. In this class the exhibitor. Rev. J. H. Pemlerton, and Earnest Wilkins, Esq., Sutton, also staged seme very meritorious blooms, but were unrewarded. In the class for twelve Teas, or Noisettes, distinct, single trusses, the ist prize was taken by the Rev. A. K. Foster Helliard, Foslock Rectory, Bury St. Edmunds, whose stand consisted of Souvenir d'Elise, Devoniensis, Ma:6chal Niel, Madame Mar- gottin, Madame Bravay, Souvenir d'um Ami, Marie Van Houtte, Niphetos, Moire, Catherine Mermet, Innocente Pirola, and Caroline Kuster. An equal ist prize was awarded to the Rev. T. Page Roberts, Rectory, Scoli, Norfolk, for a stand coniaining, amongst others, good examples of La Boule d'C r, Marie Guillot, Anna Olivier, Jean Ducher, Alba Rosea, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Catherine Mermet, and Hippolyte Jamain. Miss W. Taylor was 3d, and C. Mount, Esq., 4th. Julius Sladden, Esq.. W. H. Wakeley. Esq., and the Rev. John H. Pemberton contributed capital stands in this class. For twelve distinct single trusses the ist prize was awarded to the Rev. Alan Cheales, Brockham Vicarage, Surrey. The choicest Towers in this lot consisted of Marie Baumann, Baronne de Rothschild, Alfred Colomb, Madame Lacharme, Eiienne Levet, Star of Waltham, Fran9oiseMichelon, Per elopeMayo, and Charles Lefebvre, Tlie 2d prize was taken by T. F. Burnaby Atkins, Esq., Halstead Place, Sevencaks, who had Le Havre, Camille Bernardin, Ferdinand de Lesseps, Marie Rady, &c. The 3d prize was awarded to J. Burton, Esq., for a good lot, consisting, amongst others, of Paul Neron,, Reynolds Hole, Pierre Netting, and a beautiful Etienne Levet ; and the 4th pri^e to Alfred Tate, Esq., Roseleigh, Woolton, who had good specimens of Countess of Rosebery and Charles Lefebvre. Jn this class Mrs. Lawson, Manor House, Luton, and J. T. Strange, Esq., Aldermaston House, Reading, had very good stands of fresh-looking blooms. For nine distinct single trusses the ist prize was taken by E. Mawley, Esq., Addiscombe, Croydon, with well-grown, fresh blooms of Alfred Colomb, Etienne Levet, Star of Waltham, Dr. Andry, Baronne de Rothschild. Fran- 9:)ise Michelon, Marie Baumann, A. K. Williams, and La France ; and the 2d prize by the Rev. Cecil Fel- lowes, Brighton Rectory. Acle, Norwich, who had good blooms of Marie Louise Pernet, Abel Carriere, and Marie Rady. J. Tranter, Esq., Upper Assenden, Henley, was accorded the 3d prize ; and E. Home, Esq., Park House, Reigate. the 4th. In the class for six distinct, single trusses, F. Burnside, Esq. , Farningham, Kent, took the ist prize wilh moderately good examples of Fisher Holmes, La France, Catherine Mermet, Marechal Niel, Mons. Noman, Jules Finger. The Rev. W. Wicks, Vicarage, Croydon, was 2d, with fairly good specimens, including Xavier Olibo, Mr. Laxton, Marquise de Castellane. Miss Alice M. Lucas, Wratton Hitchin, was adjudged the 3d prize, and the 4th prize was taken by Mr. John E. Coleby, Rosenheim, Worple Road, Wimbledon. For the competition for six Teas or Noisettes the ist prize was awarded to F. Burnside, Esq., whose Cathe- rine Mermet, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Mar- gottin, Souvenir de Paul N^ron, Jules Finger, and Marechal Niel were very choice blooms, fresh and even in size. E. M. Bethune, Esq., Denne Park, Horsham, was the winner of the 2d prize. He had good blooms of Jean Ducher and Souvenir de Paul Neron. The 3d prize was awarded to E. Mawley, Esq , and the sfi\ to E. Home, Esq., Reigate, In the competition for the prizes in the extra classes, open to amateurs, in that of baskets of Tea, Hybrid Tea, or Noisette, the exhibits were rather numerous, but the selection was not a matter of diffi- culty, the gracefulness of the arrangements being very decidedly visible in the winning baskets, although good blooms were conspicuous in all of the lots. The ist prize was taken by Mr. Harrowby, Headington Quarry, Oxford ; this was a very prettily arranged basket of really good flowers ; the 2d prize went to Miss A. T. Pemberton for a basket of quite another style of setting up, one variety only being used, viz., Caroline Kuster. The 3d prize was taken by Thomas B. Hall, Esq., Larch Wood, Rock Ferry, Cheshire. July 7. i883-] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 27 In the class for suburban grown Roses, in the com- petition for six distinct, single trusses, John E. Coleby, the winner in this class in three consecutive years, was again awarded the ist prize. The Countess of Leven and Melville, Roehampton House, and Mr. ). Bate- man, 72, Twisden Koad, N.W., were placed equal ad, and the winner of the 4lh prize was E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill House, Ealing. In the class for six distinct, single trusses open only to those who have never won a prize at any exhibition of the National Rose Society, the Rev. W. H. Jackson, Stagsden Vicarage. Bedford, was awarded the ist prize; W. E. Hall, Esq., High Betington, Bir- kenhead, and Rev. Cecil Fellowes, were equal 2d ; the 4th prize going to H. H. French, Esq., Sutton. In the class for six single trusses of any Rose, some really good things were staged, G. Hawtrey, Esq., Slough, winning the ist prize with fine blooms of Marichal Niel ; Charles E. Cuttel, Chapel Croft, West Humble, Dorking, taking the 2d prize with a good lot of Madame Gabrielle Luizet— the Rev. J. H. I'emberton securing the 3d prize with" Marquise Castellane, and E. Home, Esq., the 4th prize with La France. Open Classes.— The Gold Medal for the best three trusses of any new Rose, or distinct sport, not yet in commerce or announced, was won by Mr. Henry Bennett, of Shepperton, with his seedling Pedigree Rose, Her Majesty, of which he exhibited numerous other fine samples besides the Gold Medal blooms, and a couple of plants to show its freedom of growth, which though only six months old, were straight stems over 8 feet high, grown in 32-sized pots, with the aid of Clay's Fertiliser ; and which unmistakably illustrated the value of that plant stimulant. Her Majesty is in the style of Baroness Rothschild, pale pink, but much superior to any other variety of the same colour, and although deficient in scent, must prove one of the grandest show Roses of the day. The class for twelve new Roses, not in commerce previous to 1880, was not a good one, bringing out no blooms of striking merit. Messrs. Paul & Son took the ist prize with Satiana Oregina, Merveille de I.yon, Ulrich Brunner, Archduchess Elizabeth, Madame Cusin, George Moreau, Mary Paul, Pride of VValtham, Comtesse H. Coomber, Violette Bowyer, Etoilc de I.yon, and Madame Isaac Perriere. Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., were 2d, and The Cranston Nursery Co., 3d. For twelve single trusses of any yellow Rose, Mr. B. R. Cant was ist, with Madame Caroline Kuster; Mr. Turner, 2d, with Madame Margottin ; The Cranston Nursery Co. 3d, with Marie Van Houtte ; and Messrs. Paul & Son 4th. with Perle des Jardins. In a corresponding class for any white Rose, Messrs. Paul & Son took the lead with Niphetos ; Messrs. Mitchell & Son coming in 2d with Devoniensis ; and Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co. 3d, with Duchesse de Vallombrosa. P"or twelve single trusses of any crimson Rose, Mr. J. Walters was awarded the ist prize for a box of A. R. Williams, while a much better stand of the same variety, shown by Mr. Prince, was for some unap- parent reason unnoticed. The 2d prize went to a stand of Duke of Edinburgh, shown by some one whose exhibiting card was missing ; and the 3d to R. N. G. Baker, Esq., Heavitree (a former amateur champion grower, who seems to be resting on his laurels), with Duke of WeUington. In the " any Rose " competition — and a very good one it was — Mr. H. Bennett came in ist, with Her Majesty, in fine form ; Mr. B. R. Cant 2d, with a grand box of Marie Cointet ; and Mr. G. W. Piper 3d, with Souvenir d'Elise Vardon ; Messrs. Paul & Son with La France being Highly Commended. Mr. T. S. Ware staged a magnificient group of cut herbaceous plants, that greatly pleased many of the visitors, and which deserved a more extended notice than the hmit on our space allows us to give this week. Veget.ables, Etc. — The special prizes offered for vegetables and fruits a this show by various tr,ade firms brought capital competition. In the class for ten kinds of vegetables, the prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, including six collections, the ist place was worthily taken by Mr. Haines, Coleshill Gardens, High- worth, W'ith generally capital samples, including fine Stratagem Peas, Early London Cauliflowers, All the Year Round Cabbage, and Hicks' Hardy Cos Lettuces, hand- some Early Nantes Carrots, good Woodstock Kidney Potatos. Purple-top Turnips, Tender and True Cucum- bers, and a moderate dish of Canadian Wonder Beans. Mr. G. T. Miles, of Wycombe Abbey Gardens, ran a close race for ist place with a capital collection, though one or two dishes were a trifle weak. His Red Itahan Tripoli Onions, Nantes Carrots, Lady Paget Potatos, Telephone Peas, and Canadian Wonder Beans were excellent. Mr. W. Meads, of Shrivenham Park Gardens, was put 3d, with a collection of fair quality, including good Superb White Cos and All the Year Round Lettuces, Improved Telegraph Cucumbers, and Snowball Turnips. Mr. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens, came 4th, having a fine sample of Culverwell's Giant Marrow Peas, Woodstock Kidney Potatos, &c. There was a capital competition for Messrs. James Carter & Co.'s prizes for the best dishes of their Peas — Pride of the Market, Stratagem, Telephone, and Tele- graph—thirteen lots being sent ; but one, very fine samples too, having been foolishly labelled as " Fruit, for Competition," was kept for the packing prizes, and thus did not get into the competition. The finest lot of pods, truly grand samples, came from Mr. Richardson, Boston, all of even size and good colour. Mr. H. W. Ward was 2d, with also superb samples. Mr. E. Beckett, Sandown House Gardens, Esher, was a wonderfully close 3d : and Mr. H. Marriott, of Boston, came 4th, with huge samples that, being spotted by the hail marks, were put back a few points by the judges. Finally Mr. Miles secured the 5tli place. A dozen Melons were put in competition for the Messrs. Sutton's valuable prizes for the best single fruit ; one exhibitor, however, put up three of these, all remarkably handsome in appearance, but totally devoid of flavour. In this latter and most important quality the best fruit was fount! in a green-flesh kind, named ChaUont Favourite, a round and good netted fruit, shown by Mr. C. Herrin, of The Gardens, Ch.alfont Park, Bucks ; Mr. ]. C. Mundell, Moor P.ark Gardens, coming 2d, with a scarlet-flesli Best of All— a foolishly pretentious desig- nation ; and tlie 3d prize fruit, also a scarlet-flesh, un- named, came all the way from Ireland, being sent by Mr. C. Tyler, Shelton Abbey, Arklow. Generally the fruits were utterly wanting in flavour, and soft, melting quality of flesh. Mr. G. T. Miles put up a really superb lot ol Pines— six handsome selected fruits, weighing 30I lb., and six others oflthe weight ol 26J lb., or a total of 56^ lb. of beautiful fruit. Messrs. Carter & Co. sent a very interesting lot of Cabbage Lettuces in flats, comprising such kinds as Grand Admiral, very old, and one of the best ; Perpig- nan, Victoria, Paris Market, &c., smooth-leaved kinds ; and Californian Curled, American Gathering, Ne Plus Ultra, and other curled sorts- all excellent fresh samples. The same firm sent an interesting collection of early Peas, sown on March 21, the plants pulled, and showing their habits and average cropping qualities. Richmond Horticultural.— Held in the Old Deer Park, on the 28th ult., under fairly good weather in- fluences, the ninth exhibition of this Society was remark- ably strong in the plant classes, indeed the big tent, always one of the finest of its kind in the kingdom, was a grand show in itself, and there was a wondrous display ,of cut Roses and other flowers, so that the large company which attended had plenty to see, although Royalty failed to put in appearance on this occasion, and the Richmond folks, who dearly love a prince, were so far disappointed. In all other respects the show, admirably arr.inged by Mr. Eyies, the honorary secretary, was a great success. As usual, the trade groups were a noticeable feature. That sent by Messrs. C. Lee & Sons is elsewhere referred to, but the superb group of pot Roses, com- prising some 120 plants, backed by Japanese Maples and faced by the variegated Eurya latifolia, was of first-rate order, and well worthy the eminent firm of Messrs Veitch & Sons, from whom it came. Curiously contrasting with the massive hybrid perpetuals was a number of plants in bloom of the small white Rosa polyantha Paquerette, a lovely little kind for bunching. Messrs. Jackson & Sons, of Kingston, staged a fine group of plants, in which Heaths were prominent, medium sized plants, finely flowered ; many good Orchids, the charm- ing Impatiens Sultani, so well done by this firm ; and other good things in exceeding variety. This latter firm had the best lot of stove and greenhouse plants, such old friends as Ericas ventricosa, Bothwelliana, Denisoniana, and ferruginea major ; Darwinia tulipifera, Cleroden- dron Balfourianum, AUamanda cathartica, with tlie very effective Franciscea calycina major, being fine and superbly flowered. Mr. J. Child, gr. to W. |. Bell, Esq., Garbrand Hall, Ewell, was 2d with some good plants, specially fine being BougainviUea glabra and Aphelexis macrantha purpurea. Fine-foliage plants were well shown by Mr. Monro, gr. to Lady John Chichester, Twickenham, who had a splendidly coloured Dracaena Youngii, good Crotons majesticus and Regina, with Palms, &c. ; and Mr. T. Gregory, gr. to J. F. Weymouth, Esq., Teddington, who had in his collection some grandly done Caladiums. Mr. Child was a good ist, with a gigantic Kentia Forsythia, finely coloured, as a specimen foliage plant ; and amongst those shown Mr. Gregory had a splendidly leaved and coloured Caladium Belleymei. Ferns were largely shown, but at the best make a monotonous class, that the brilliant bank of colour obtained from the large flowered and fancy Pelargoniums shown by Mr. Turner, of Slough, and Mr. Wiggins, gr. to H. Little, Esq., greatly helped to enliven. These plants have already been noticed, and it is enough to say that Mr. Turner worthily won the honours. Rarely has there been put up at Richmond or else- where nine finer or better flowered pyramid Fuchsias than were staged by Mr. j. Bond, gr. to Mrs. Evans, New Hampton, whose examples of Mrs. Marshall, Lord Beaconsfield, Gazelle, Wave ol Life, Marginata, and Rose of Castile, with others, were worthy ol all praise. This same exhibitor was ist with six capitally grown and flowered zonal Pelargoniums — plants about 30 inches through, and loaded with bloom ; these comprised Madame Crousse, single and double : M. Gelem Lomage, scarlet ; Lucie Lemoine, flesh ; Madame Raoul Guerin, rosy-pink ; MS'^^^^^'^T' coats, glazed 2i-oz. glass. ■ma iV^__yi— : 1— -I _ '\ 2-light Frame, 6 feet by S feel, ^3 A,s. 6d. Cases 4^., allowed when returned. All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. Illusi7ated Catalogue free 011 appHcaiion. C. FRAZEB, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwich. T^n. <€L^SSHeFS-ES8c»EATlNG: wmm-pemmm^ xHrCHCATE ROAD , LONDON. N.Wfv< IRONFENCINC,GATES,&. Catalogues free on application ^ ^ BAYLlSS,JONES&BAYLISS WOLVERHAMPTON London 0FFiCES,3,CROOKtDL«NeKiNGWiLLiAMST,fc KEGISTKRED TUBULAR FLOWER STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS, 6 feet by 4 feet. =I. 6rf. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 (eet long, 6at.;TRELLISING, from =J^ well up in all branches. Good character and testimonials. Wife good Laundress. — S. P., g, Upper Mill Place, Chislehurst, Kent. C^TardENER (Head). — Age 30; sixteen -^ years' practical experience in all branches, Early and Late Forcing, Vines, Metans, Cucumbers, Flowtrs, &c. Good leatimoniais Highly recommended by present and previous emp'oyers. — G. SMITH, Hall's Library, Horley, Suirey. ARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— ^5 Bonus will be given to any person who may be the means of the Advertiser securing a suitable situation. Total abstainer. First- class references and character. — S. HEATH, Trusham, Bovey Tracy. GARDENER (^Head).— George Daniells, six a.id a half years Gardener to Wm. Gilstrap, Esq., Foriiham Park, Bury St. Edmunds, having completed the Landscape Work and extensive Alterations and Improvements in the Park, Pleasure Grounds and Kitchen Gardens of the above place, wilt be at liberty|ihe first week in August to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good practical man. Has been eighteen years Head Gardener, and has had great experience in Landscape Work and Re modelling Flower Gardens and Pleasure Grounds ; also very successful in Removing Large Trees and Shrubs. Good testimonials. ARDENER (Head WoRKiNG)7^ge^2S ; first-class references. — WILLIAM BLAMtV, The Gardens, Newbiirgh Park, Easingwold, Yorkshire. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, married, one child ; well up in all branches Eleven years' personal character. — F. H. B , 47, Lowfield Road, Kilburn, London, N.W. GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 29 ; fourteen years' practical experience in all branches o( ttie profession. Good character from present and previous employer. — GEORGE DONALD, Leyton Green, Leyton, Essex G~ ARDENER (Head Working).— Single ; has had great experience in Eaily and Late Forcmg, Stove, Orchard, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good cha- racter from last and first-class testimonials from previous situa- tions.— H. R. , The Hampers, Hurstpierpoint. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- HANI ed). — Twelve years' experience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing and Outdoor Work. Two years' goodc haracter.— GARDENER. Draycott Lodge, Fulham, S.W. Gardener' (HEAD7^r~good~ single- Handel) — Thirteen years' good practical experience in Early and Late Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — WM. WEBBER, iz. BerkeUy Street, Wi.lcot, Bath. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- Handed).— Age 27, single : understands Stove and Greenhouse Flowers, Forcing Fruit and Kitchen Gardening. Two years* good character from last place. — W. SMITH, Soulhover Lodge, Tolpuddle, near Dorchester. GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or where a boy is kept).— Age 23, single ; has a general knowledge of the profession. Nine years with present employer. — A. B., Barnesley, Cu-encester, Gloucestershire. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second).— Age 2>;, single; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good references. — J. EVANS, Gardener, Purtand Chase, near Ross, Hereford- sh ire. ARDENER and WORKING BAILIFF. — J. Wakefield offers his services as above to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a practical man in both capacities, being a first-class Grape and Plant Grower, a good judge of Stock, and capable of managing men. Character will bear the strictest investigation. Will be dis- engaged in August. — The Manor House Garden, Ham, Surrey. GARDENER (Second, or good Single- handed). — Age 25; well up in Gardening. Gjod references both from present and previous employers. — Apply, stating wages, &c., to C. FOSTER and SONS. Nurserymen, Willesden Green, N.W. ARDENER (Second), or under a Fore- man in a large establishment. — Can have three gears' good character from present situation. — Write stating full par- ticulars to Mr. H. WALKER, The Gardens. The Grange. Eastington. Gloucester. GARDENER (Second), in a large Garden. — Age 27: has a good knowledge of General Roulioe, Good references. Please state wages. — F. E., 2, Elaine Grove, Kentish Town, N.W. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. — Age 2t ; fifteen months' good character from last place. Abstainer.— H. HARRISON, 9A, Alkham Road, Stamford Hill, N. GARDENER (Second), in a good establish- ment. — Age 26, married ; well up in Fruit and Flowers, Early and Late Forcing.— J. B.. Mr. Chilver, Hunstanton, Lynn. ARDENER(SECOND),orgood JOURNEY- MAN. — Age 2t; seven years' experience, three years in present situation.— W. PECKOVER, Wardington, near Banbury, Oxon. GARDENER (Second), where six or seven are kept, or as JOURNEYMAN in a good establibh- raent. — Age 23 ; good characters from last and previous places. — Please state particulars to A. B., 28, St. Radigans Street, Canterbury. Kent. ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY- MAN, in a good establishment. — Age 23 ; seven years' good general experience. Character will bear strict investiga- tion as to sobriety, honesty, and hard working. —THOS. LLOYD, Florist, &c., Stourport, Worcestershire. /^ARDENER (Second, or Under).— Age V-J 36 ; eight years' experience. Good character from previous cmployers.-J HEALE, Dunchidcock House. Dun- chideock, near Exeter. (^ARDENER (Under), in the HoiiIes in^ V^ good establishment.— Age 24 ; can be hifihiy recum- inended. — H. F., Haydon's Cottage. Sidmouth, Devon. r:iARDENER (Under) in a Gentleman's V^ estabhshii ent.— Age 22 ; four years' experience. Good character.— A. B., 3, David's Terrace, Plashet Road, Plaistow, Essex. T^OREMAN.~Age27 ; twelve years' practical -L experience in good establishments, including Fruit and Plant Growing. Can be well recommended. — Z., Mrs. G. Green, Handsworth, Sheffield. T^OREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab- -L lishment.— Ten years' practical experience in all depart- ments. First-class references. — W. H. S., Basing Park Gar- dens, Alton, Hants. Tj^OREMAN, and PROPAGATOR. —Well A- up in Growing Plants and Flowers for Market. Good Rose Budder. Three years in last place.— P. THOMAS, Post- oflice, Maindee, Newport, Mon. "P'OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR, or to tak^ J- Charge of a Small Nursery.— Age 24 ; ten years' practical experience. First-class character. — H. EDEN, Belmont Nursery, Belfast. Tj^OREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 25 ; J- thorough knowledge of the profession in all branches. Bothy preferred. Good character.— F. B, . Mrs. Johnson, Shoreham, Sevenoaks, Kent. ]VrURSERY FOREMAN.— Age 30; sixteen -^^ years' practical experience in all branches, both In and Outdoor. Successful Budderand Grafter. Excellent reference'-. — FOREMAN. Myrtle Villa. Bonhurst Road. Horley, Surrey. I OURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— ^' —Age 21 ; six years' experience in good situations Highly recommended. —T. BAR RATT, Coleorton Hall. Ashbj- de-Ia-Zouch, Leicestershire. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; *J active and obliging. Six years' experience in the pro- fession. Four years' gond character— W. M., z, Tmling Cottage, Beulah Road, Walthamstow, Essex. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23 ; ^ eight years' experience. Two years' good charicier. Bothy preferred. — A. B., T. Perrm, Trentham, Stoke-on- Trent, Staffordshire. To Nurserymen and Florists. PELARGONIUM GROWER, or other Soft- wooded Stuff, for Market,— Wanted, bya thoroughly ex- perienced man, a situation as above. — JAMES CRISP, Firwood Nursery, Farnborough, Kent. To Nurserymen and Florists. PROPAGATOR, or ASSISTANT in the -L House?.— Age 38 ; first-class references.— A. B., 153 High Street, Harborne, Birmingham. TMPROVER.— Advertiser (age 20) wishes to -L meet with a situation where he could improve. Eight years in Houses and Kitchen Garden. Good references. — J. CLARK, Woodhouse Eaves, Loughborough. O NURSERYMEN and GARDENERS. —A young man desires a situation in a Nursery or Gen- tleman's garden. Has been three years in the Houses. Five years' good character. — H. L.. 30A, Hyde Street, Winchester, Hants. TO GARDENERS.— A young man desires a situation in the Houses, in -which he has been four or five years.— A. M., 25, Hyde Close. Hyde Street. Winchester. SHOPMAN, in a Provincial Seed Establish- ment.— Six years with Messrs. Webb & Sons, Wordsley. —JOHN LOWLESS, North View. Brettell Lane. Stourbridge. SHOPMAN or ASSISTANT. — Several years' experience in all branches of the Nursery Trade. Books if required. First-class references. — C. J., 78, Rye Lane, Peckham, S.E. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 24 ; ten years* good experience in all branches ; also Book-keeping. Excellent references — G. G. D., W. Porteous & Co., 15. Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow. O FLORISTS.— Wanted to place for a short while a young Lady (aged 19) as an Improver to learn Buttonhole Bouquet and Wreath Making. Will have to live in ihe house, and be treated as one of the family.— State particulars to J. MAYO, Rose Grower, &c., Oxford. OUSE and ESTATE CA'rPENTErT— Age 49, married ; well experienced in all kinds of Indrior and Outdoor Work, Repairing and Polishing Furniture, Paint- ing, Glazing. Paperhanging, Bathwork, Park Feiicing, the Erection of Outbuildings, and Rustic Work. Good character, — T. SKINNER, High Street, Limpefield, Red Hill, Surrey. ARM BAILIFF.— Used to Heavy and Light Soils ; Breeding and Rearing all kinds of Stock and Sheep. Good references.— B. RINGER, Harestock Fa/m, near Winchester. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Impurities of the Blood.— To ensure health it is abolutely necessary that the fluids and solids of the human body should be kept free from those impurities which are continually getting admission into the system by imprudent living, unwholesome surround- ings, or disordered stomach. The surest way to excel all such impurities is to take Holloway's Pills, which have the power of cleansing the blood from all noxious matters, and at the same time removing any morbid changes which their presence may have already produced in any organ. Holloway's Pills expel all humours which taint or impoverish the blood, which they purify and invigorate, giving tone to the nerves. They are applicable to all alike— young or old, robust or delicate. 32 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 7, 1883. RICHARDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS I./^ ".-i*i icf i^L.' ^ SECTION OF PATENT ROOF VCKTILATOR Hot-water Apparatus fixed In any part of the Kingdom and Guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers, DARLIUGTON. RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS. Before purchaslngr, send for Samples and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON. 149, Commercial Street, London, E , wlio can supply a splendid article at a low price. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E. W AR N E R'S PATENT ANNULAR SAIL AND STAR WINDMILLS, Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c. Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c. WARNER'S WINDMILLS Are at Work in every part of the >Srorld. WARNER'S WINDMILLS Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Keliable made. Price Lists, Catalogues P „• _ including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, QQC 1 I lOCf complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, 3^£~\) Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grindi7ig, Farm and Mill Work in troportion. Testimonial?, and) T Wf A 13 XT 1? X? Six CrMSTQ) CRESCENT FOUNDEY, on application. ) J . VV ilXViN HlXt OC O VJIN O J CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C, Now Ready ^ a Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS, Price 3d., Post Free 3|cl. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING AT YORK, JULY 16 to 20. T. H. P. DENNIS & COMPANY'S EXHIBIT. Stand, No. 398. Open Ground Space. NEW SYSTEMS OF PATENT GLAZING, CHEAP CONSERVATORIES, GREEN- HOUSES and SUMMER HOUSES, RIVERS' WALL COVER, MELON FRAMES and PLANT PROTECTORS, PATENT BOILERS and VALVES for Heating Apparatus. Call and inspect them, or write for Catalogtte of Novelties for this season. Address-MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. The Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^th edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Gold and Silver Medals, also Special Certificate, Awarded May 22, 18S3 Patent Reliance Rotary Valves. TTIT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ERECTED and HEATED. MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, wltli the least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity. The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition. Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Flans and Estimates free on application. Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates oj Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. &' Co., for 24 stamps. MESSENfi-FiB & COMPANY, LOUG-HBOROUGH. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Puhli^her," at the Office, 41. Wellingion Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whiiefrinrs, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, aud Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Satcjrdav, July 7, 1883. Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland—Messrs. J. Mrnzirs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstal)lisj)etJ i84i. No. 498.— Vol. XX. {ser.es.} SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1883. [ Registered at the General ? Prlce 5d. 1^ Post-office as a Newspaper, j PoST-FREE, S^d. CONTENTS. Amianthium muscxiox- icum .. .. ..41 Anagallis granditl^jra a>ba 52 Apiary, the . . 44 Begonias, Messrs. Laing's 39 Hooks noticed .. ..46 Bouvardia propzBation . . 54 Cacius notes .. ..53 Ceylon Botanic Garden .. 43 Cherriss 47 Conifers, growth of . . 48 Cypripediiini niacranthuin 46 Ferns, Tiee, at Birming- ham Botanic Garden .. 51 Flowers, wild .. . . 50 Forestry 43 Fruit notes 47 Gardeners' Royal Benevo- lent Institution .. ..52 Grasses, ornamental . , 54 Grape, Alnwick Seedling 52 Grapes and vineries .. 47 Greenhouses, the rating of 45 Hardy fruit garden .. 47 Kitchen garden .. •-47 Law notes .. . . . . 45 Liliums in flower . . -39 Local Board, troubles o( a 50 MasdevallLa marginella . . 3S Mushroom growing .. ^■ Orchid notes .. .. 46 Orchids, Mr. Leech's .. 46 „ garden, list of ..42 Parcel post 53 Pelargoniums, hybrid .. 51 Pine stove ,. .. ••47 .. 38 .. 40 .. 3» 50, 53 41 50 5' 48 38 Plant portraits Plants, new garden ,, hardy, in flower Plagiolirion Horsmani Potato crop, the . . Potatos, re- invigorated Protoplasm, the continuity of .. Primula obconica . . Rhododendron Nuttalli . Rodriguezia Leeana Rosery, the . . . . 40 Societies : — Aylesbury Horticultural 56 Bath Rose Show . . 56 Chiswick Flower Show 58 Crystal Palace Rose t-how . . . . . . 55 Highgale Horticultural 56 Lee and Blackheath Flower Show .. ..58 Norwood Amateur Floral 53 Rochester Horticultural 55 Royal Horticultural .. 54 Tunbridge Wells Horti- cultural .. "57 Woodbridge Horticul- tural 57 Strawberries at Bath .. 52 Tobacco in Manilla . . 58 Todeas at Glasnevin .. 53 Tomatos . . . . • • 37 Trees, maturity of .. 43 Trees, street . . . . 51 Vanda teres .. ., 46 Weather, the . . . • 59 W^OR PRESENT SOWING. ILLUSTRATIONS. Amianthium musccetoxicum 41 Grape Basket, a 53 Pious moDOphytla .. .. .. 44 Finns Pinea.. .. .. 45 Rhododendron Nuttalli .. .. .. .. .. ••49 NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should now be made payable at DRURY LANE. rPHE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL X SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON. President H.S.H. Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar. Inlhe Socitty's beautiful Grounds. Westwood Park, Southampton, on SATURDAY and MONDAY, August ^ and 6, GREAT SUMMER SHOW of Plants. Fruit, VeBetables. Cut Flowers, Table Decorations, &c. THREE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS in Prizes. Alsoopening EXHIBITION of HANTS and ISLE of WIGHT BEE-KEEPERS' AS- SOCI ATION. Valuable Prizes for Honey. Bee Appliances, &c. Entries Close, July 28. For Schedule of Horticultural Prizes, apply to C. S. FUIDGE, 54 York Street, Avenue, Southampton. For List of Prizes for Honev and Bee Appliances, apply to E. H BELLAIRS, Esq., Nea Close, Christ Church. Hams SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW, The Quarry, Shrewsbury, WEDNESDAY and THURS- DAY. August 15 and 16. FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in PRIZES. For best 2o Plants, jdas, ;£2o, ills. Schedules and full particulars from Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON. Hon. Sees. Shrewsbury. Business Notice. I ROBERT TAIT, sole surviving Partner J of the firm of Dickson, Brown & Tait, Seed Mer- chants, 43 and 45. Corporation Street. Manchester, have this day TAKEN INTO PARTNERSHIP, Mr. ARTHUR TESTER (who has been employed with the firm over 22 years), and Mr. DAVID FLEMING (who has been employed with the firm to years); and the said business will in future, as heretofore, be conducted under the old designation of DICKSON, BROWN AND TAIT.— July 2, 1883. NOTICE. — Intending planters should visit our Ntuseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarf ROSES are now in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety, in full bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNA- MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting. 150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Beikamsted. Herts. " The Roses of Mr. Paul are things to see once and dream of for ever." — Athenauyn. WM. PAUL AND SON respectfully invite inspection of their Collection of ROSES, now in bloom at the Nurseries, Waltham Cross. A fine Collection of HARDY TREES and SHRUBS is also now in full beauty. Admittance free. Visitors by Railway can enter the Nurseries from the plat- form of the Waltham Cross Station (Great Eastern Railway), half-an-hour's ride from London (Liverpool Street Station). ORCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers to pay us a visit and inspect our houses. Th« NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63. WEBB'S NEW PRIMULAS.— The finest strains in cultivation — FromMr. Thos, Dell, Head Gar- dener to the Rt. Hon. Earl of Dartmouth — " The Primulas were very good, some of them beautifully fringed flowers, and very rich in colour ; the foliage was really splendid." Webb's PURITY, is. (>d. and 55. per packet. Webb's SCARLET EMPEROR, 2J. 6d. and 5J. per packet. Webb's ROSY MORN. w. dd. per packet. Webb's EXQUISITE (mixed), ir. 6d. and 2^. (>d. per packet, post-free. EBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA.— Unequalled. — From Mr. H. Weaving, Dothill Park Gardens. — *' Your Calceolaria seed produced the finest blooms I have ever grown, some of them measuring -2% inches by 1% inch." Price IS. 6d., 25 6d., and 5s. per packet, post-free. WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA.— The Best. — From Mr. Chas, Clark, Head Gardener to W. Bickford-Smith. Esq., Trevarno. — '' 1 have some first-rate Cinerarias, the largest blooms (some o( them) I ever saw ; they are a very good strain indeed." Price ts 6d.. is. td. and 55. per packet, post-free. w w EBB'S CYCLAMEN, GLOXINIA, Double CINERARIA, and BEGONIA. Price, each, ar. 6d, per packet, post-lree. EBB AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Wordsley, Stourbridge. U L Y I N T H E What to Sow. GARDEN. nPHE BEST CABBAGES and LETTUCES. ABBAGE.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL EARLY MARROW.— Pronounced to be the finest early Cabbage in cultivation. Very distinct. Indispensable both for the gentleman's garden and for market purposes. , In sealed packets only 2S. per ounce ; dd, and is. per packet, post-free. Carters' Heartwetl Cabbage was awarded the First Prize in a competition of 20 varieties at the Great International Exhibition held in Manchester, August 24, 1881. ABBAGE. — CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART.— The best main-crop Cabbage; large firm heads of exquisite Bavour, invaluable both for table and exhibition. In sealed packets, us. per ounce, is. per packet, post-free. PABBAGE. — CARTERS' MINIATURE V^ DRUMHEAD.— An early, globular-shaped Cabbage, of delicate flavour and good colour, is. per ounce, €id. per packet, post-free. ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE COS. — The largest, most delicious, and best summer Cos Lettuce in cultivation. No tying required. Heads very solid and crisp eating. 2S. 6d. per ounce, 6d. and is. per packet, post-free. ETTU CE. — DUNNETTS' GIANT WINTER COS.— Very hardy and crisp. 21. per ounce, 6d. and ts. per packet, post-free. ETTUCE.— ALiTtHE YEAR ROUND. — Crisp and compact. If sown at intervals it will provide Lettuces all the year round, -zs. per ounce, 6d. and is. per packet, post-free. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command to H. R H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C. To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maldenliair Ferns. MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now offering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 72's, at 30^. per loo. Sample plant per post (to intending purchasers) sent on application, is. per loo package. Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry. Tea Roses— Tea Roses. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full particulars on application to The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool. MESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied. Terms and references on application. ANTED, Cuttings of PELARGONIUMS, Digby Grand, and other good sorts. Price to W. AND J. BROWN, Stamford. WANTED, Purple and White Dog's-tooth VIOLETS and Feathered HYACINTHS. W. HOPWOOD AND SON, Cheltenham. WANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES, GRAPES, MELONS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS, &c Also Mari!chal Niel ROSES. EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS, ORANGE BLOSSOM, GARDENIAS, &c. WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Gaideo. For Sowing in July. SUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST. From Mr. J. Darbvshire. Gardener to W. Smith, Esq., Wilmslow, May 16, 1883.—" I got First Prize with your Per- fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked." Price. IS. 6d., 2s. 6d., and ss. per packet, post-free. UTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST. From Mr. H. K. Ward, Gardener to W. H. Budgett, Esq.. Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1S83.— " Your Cineraria is the best strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with them three years in succession. Your strain took the First Prize agamst fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a fin«r half- dozen plants could scarcely be got together." Price, is. td.^ 2J. 6rf., and 5J. per packet, post-free. SUTTO N S'~P R I M UlZ THE BEST. From F. J. Walker, Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3, 18S3,—*' I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan- themum and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot be surpassed." Price, IS. 6d., 2s. 6d., T,S-6d., and 55. per packet, post-free. UTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST. " The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con- servatory entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of all my friends." — J. Darlington, Esq , Neiherwood. Price, IS., IS. 6d., ss. 6d., and 5.?. per packet, post-free. UTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST. From Miss Dunstervillb, Airdie, Malvern Link, Feb. 3, 1883. — '* The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show." Price, 3S. 6d. and $s. per packet, post-free. U T T O N AND SONS, Ths Queen's Seedsmen, READING, BERKS. s East Lothian Intermediate Stocks. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS beg to offer their choice strain of the above, in four colours, viz , Scirlet, Purple, White, and Crimson, at is., ss. 6d., and 5J. each colour. Price to the Trade on application. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh. CATALOGUE, new and descriptive. — Alpines and Hardy Perennials, comprising 2000 species. Post-free on application.— STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Soulhport. hTvERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket • CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials. Post-free on applications. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Hyacinths, Ttilips, Narcissus, LUles, &c. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post- free on application. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and double; PVRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXES and TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED. CATALOGUES gratUand post-free. EEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.— Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited to call and inspect stock of above at the Monifieth Nurseries, near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR. Now in Full Bloom. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors. Railway Stations — Catford Bridge, 5 minutes' walk : Forest Hill, 15 minutes to Slanstead Park Nursery, Forest HilL A QUILEGIA " GLAN D U LdSA~~(true). — -^~*- heed just collected. 2^. 6(/. and 5J. per packet ; i-yr. Seed- lings, now ready, 2J. 6(/. per dozen. Usual discount to the Trade. R. AND A. MORRISON, The Nurseries, E Igin. To the Tratle. BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING RASPBERRY. Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on application, EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull. To the Trade. FJOSES ON OWN ROOTS, t GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE DOR, &c. £2 per 100 for cash, carefully pacited, out of 4^-inch pots. MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol. TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots— Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 5or. per lOo. BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-inth pots, best kinds, including Alfred Neuner. price 4or. per io3. W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster. Sl-RAWBERRY RUNNERSriVonTtwenty choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box of plants with fruit, 4^. " Manual on Strawberry Culture,"6rf. W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield. Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed. CHARLES SHARPE and CO. have I he above to offer. Samples and prices on applica- tion. Sleaford. — July, 1883. 34 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 14, 1883. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next. GREAT SALE of Established ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- lions from Mr. H. R. Wright, in consequence of ihe death of his brother Mr. G. Wright, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, July 18. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the fourth portion of his valuable and extensive COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, comprising many hundred fine plants of Odontoglossum Ale,x- andrcC, including many grand varitties from most of the leading importations, and several well-known private collections ; Masdevallia Harryana and M. Lindeni, Trichopilia nobilis, Ccclogyne cristata (fine specimens), Cymbidium eburneum, Lycaste Skinneri, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his Sale by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July 18, about 50 lb. of ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices,38,King Street, Covent Garden,W.C. Wednesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS and STOVE PLANTS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July iS, a small COLLECTION of ORCHIDS and STOVE PLANTS, the property of J. S. Hargrove, Esq., late of West- combe Lodge, Wimbledon Common. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Wednesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS and STOVE PLANTS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July 18, the small collection of ORCHIDS formed by the late William Hall, Esq., of Faversham, including Cattleyas, Cym- bidiums, Aerides, Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, Oncidiums, Vandas, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. EXTRA RARE and FINE SPECIES. MR. J. C.STEVENShas received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 19, at half-past 12 o'clock pre- cisely, extra, rare, and fine species of ORCHIDS. The steamer bringing these Orchids arriving to-day, particulars cannot be given, but will be found in Catalogue which may be had on application. On view morning of Sale, and Cataloges had. Tuesday Next. VANDA SANDERIANA. TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS JXL will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT. July 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low S: Co., imported plants, in ihe fii.est condition, of VANDA SANDERIANA, CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI, C LOWI. C. HOOKERII. C. JAVANICUM, AN^CTOCHILUS LOWI, CATTLEYA GIGAS SANDERIANA. varieties ; DENDRO- BIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM. D. DAYI, D. VEITCHIANUM, AfiRIDES QUINQUEVULNERUM, VANDA CCERULEA, GALEaNDKa DEVONIANA, PHAL/1':N0PSIS GRANDIKLORA, ODONTOGLOS- SUM ALEXANDRyE, fine selected pieces; SACCOLABIUM HARRISONIANUM, and many other choice ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8, New Broad Street, E.G. Tuesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on TUESDAY NEXT, about 50 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from the Collec- tion of a Private Gentleman ; including a few fine specimens, together wuh a quantity of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER, and a few planis ol PHAL^NOPSIS TETRASPIS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. ■"ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS -LV-L are instiucted by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July =d, at half-past 12 o'clock piecisely, a very fine lot of IMPORTED and ES'TABLISHED ORCHIDS, including Cattleya Dowiana, C. gigas, C aurea, and C. Skinneri ; Odontoglossum crispum, O. vexillarium, O. Pescatorei, O- Phai^enopsis, O. hastilabium : Masdevallia Harryana, M. cucullata, M. macrura, M. trochilus, and other valuable species ; together with a quantity of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C. Eavllle Gardens, Stourbridge. About 5 miles from the Stourbridge Stations IMPORTANT SALE of CHOICE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Dowager Countess of Stamford to SELL by AUCTION, on the Ptemises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, August i, at 2 o'Clock precisely, a large quantity of beautifully grown ORNA- MENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS for the Stove and Green- house, including handsome Tree Ferns, which embrace some of the finest examples of Dicksonia antarctica ever offered, several stately Palms, Ixoras, Crotons — many fit for exhibition, Anthuriums, well-grown Caladiums, fifty specimen Eucharis, splendidly furnished plants, in fine condition, &c. On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues of Mr. GREEN, on the Premises; or, of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C. N.B.— A wagonette will meet certain trains on the day of Sale, to convey intending purchasers to the Gardens. (.See Catalogue. ) M"! MI Near Waltliain Abbey, Essex. TO POTTERS, FLORISTS, and OTHERS. By order of Executors. VALUABLE FREEHOLD ESTATE, known as the Wood Green Potteries, situate at Honey Lane, about two miles from the Market Town of Waltham Abbey, and twelve miles from London, comprising modern built Mill Hou5e, Engine hou^e, Manufacturing and Drying Rooms, Circular Kiln, and all convenient buildings wherein a iarge busi- ness in the Manufacture of Flower Pots, Drain Pipes, Tiles, &c,, has been successfully carried on for many years by the late proprietor, together with seven excellent Span- roof and other Greenhouses, ot Forcing Houses, extensive Gardens, a comfortable eight-roomed Dwelling House, Cottage, Stabling, Cart Sheds, and other Out OfficcF, With possession upon completion. MR. S. CHETWOOD will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the "Cock " Hotel, Epping, on FRIDAY, July 20. at four o'Clock. in one lot. Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be obtained of Messrs. WINDUS AND TROTTER, Solicitors, Epping and Harlow ; or of Mr. S. CHETWOOD, Surveyor and Auctioneer, Waltham Abbey, Essex. Beckington, Somerset. SALE of VALUABLE FREEHOLD LANDS, with Farm Buildings, and excellent Walled Garden. MR. WALTER HARROLD has been favoured with instructions from the owner, Mr. D. B. Joyce, in consequence of his intention to leave the neighbour- hood, to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Frome, on WED- NESDAY. July 25, at six o'Clock in the evening, about 13 acres of iich PASTURE LAND, with conveniently arranged Farm Buildings and ex:cllent Walled Garden, admirably situate in the centre of the picturesque village of Beckington, in the following or such other lots as shall be announced at the time of sale : — Lot I. All that very valuable close of rich PASTURE LAND, situate in the centre of the village of Beckington, with the most conveniently arranged Farm Buildings, adjoining thereto, the whole of which, together with Lot 3 below, is numbered 39 on the Tithe Commutation Map of the parish of Beckington, and contains 6 a. i r. 36 p. This lot is bounded by Mill Lane, and by lands belonging to the Rev. W. A. Duck- worth, and W. Foster. Esq. Ihe Farm Buildings are sub- stantial and comprise Skilling, Piggeries, Boiling, Root, Chaff, and Grinding Houses. Lot 2. All those two valuable closes of rich PASTURE LAND and GARDEN GROUND, situate adjoining the last lot, numbered 40 and 305 on the Tithe Map, and containing together 6 a. I r. II p. This lot is bounded by Lot i, and by land belonging to the Rev. W. A. Duckworth, Mrs. Enderby, Mr. Bourne, and the estate of the late Mr. Hillman. N.B.— Both the fore- going lots command extensive and beautiful views ; the soil is a rich sandy loam, easily worked, very productive, and con- taining valuable beds of building stone. They are admirabb' adapted for bu Iding sites or nursery gardens. The access to Lot 2 will be through Lot i by the roadway as at present used. Lot 3. All that highly productive WALLED GARDEN, with frontages on the Bath Road and Mill Lane, containing by admeasurement z roods. This lot is well adapted for building purposes. The whole of the lets are in the occupation of Mr. D. B. Joyce, who will upon application show the property. For lurther particulars, and a plan showing the division of the lots, apply to the Auctioneer. Frome ; or to Messrs. CRUTWELL, DANIEL, AND CRUTWELLS. Solicitors, Frome. WANTED, by Michaelmas, within lo miles of London, about 40 acres of MARKET GARDEN. Send particulars in 6rst instance to DENNANT AND PORTER, 63. Queen Victoria Street, E.C. London. FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY BUSINESS, with an extensive connection in Land- scaoe Gardening and Jobbing. There are two Nurseries, held at the low rental together of ;t6s. and well situate, in the midst of a fashionable Residential District, only 4 miles from the City and West End. Returns ;C43co per annum. Books open for inspection. Owner retiring, and will sell the whole concern at a reasonable offer, about .£2500, which includes Greenhouses, Lease, Goodwill, the immense and varied Stock in Trade, Horses, Carts, and everything complete. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8. New Broad Street, Loodon, E.C. OR SALE, SIDCUP HILL NURSERY, Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock, Leases, Business Structures, &c.j of this Nursery are to be immediately disposed of. For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address. The Nurseries, WoodliaU, Spa, Lincolnshire. FOR SALE, the Unexpired Term of a Ten Years' Lease, at a low rental, of 5 Acres of well stocked NURSERY GROUND, comprising a choice Collection of Fruit Trees. Roses, Evergreens, Shrubs, and Trees ; four Green- houses, well heated and stocked with Plants ; with Pits and Frames. This Business, which is an old-established and lucra- tive one, is for disposal by valuation, or agieement, owing to the death of Mr. Edmund Blyton. the late proprietor. Easy terms of payment would be arranged for a suitable applicant. Apply to W. T. PAGE, Jun., Solicitor, Lincoln. OR SALE, a FLORIST and FRUITERER'S BUSINESS. — Well fitted Shop in main thoroughfare. Doing first-class trade. Long lease. Established ten years. A. C. Gardefters^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Si rand. W.C. ^ Investment.— Important to Orciiid Growers. 15 miles from London. FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishins to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8. New Broad Street, E.G.— (Folio 5865 ) BULB SEASON, 1883. GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others, by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may ob:ain the FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES. Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER. SEED, and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.C. To the Trade only. EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery- • MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland. The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 365a) of Dutch Flower Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants for 1883-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid application by Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen. Early White Roman Hyacinths. HURST AND SON have just received their first consignment of the above Bulbs, which are very fine, and will be glad to quote price to the Trade on application. 152, Houndsditch, London. E. pAUL AND SON'S ROSES. —These are J- now superbly in flower, finer than for many years, indeed equal to the finest years. 1876 to 1878. The blooming plants exceed 2co.co3, and form the finest display of Roses anywhere near London. The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts. One mile from Cheshunt Station, G.E. R. CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c., in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these plants being in pots, may be moved now. RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. FERNS A SPECIALITY. EXOTIC and BRITISH FERN3 and SELAGINELLAS, Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (price 6^.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had FREE on application. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. We most respectfully invite all Lovers of Flowers to WMnM:WiuSx 'Mees^^ OUR CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, PELARGONIUMS, FUCHSIAS. ACHI- MENES. BALSAMS, BEGONIAS, COLEUS, DAHLIAS, VERBENAS, and numerous NEW and RARE PLANTS, including all tile Novelties collected from all parts of the World, which now form much the largest and most interesting Floral sight ever brought together. CATALOGUE post-free. H. CANNELL & SONS, THE HOME FOR FLOWERS, SWANLEY, KENT. USHROOM SPAWN for SALE, 4J. per bushel, delivered free within 10 miles. The Trade supplied. G. MITCHINSON, Burroughs, Hendon. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. ^d. per bushel : ico for 25^ : truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40^ ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, s-r. 6ut you will invariably find that they grow quicker and more luxuriantly when the moon is increasing than when it is decreasing. "I know that frequent complaints are made of failures in Mushroom growing, but these arise only from want of care in the preparation of the material, and when Mushrooms are once established, or rather when their cultivation is thoroughly understood, it is astonishing in what queer places they will make their appearance from time to time. I have not unfre- quently had them push up in quite small flower-pots, when the soil in which the plants were potted had been mixed with the remnant of some old exhausted Mushroom-bed. Under cover— say under the stage of a greenhouse, which is a very useful place to turn to such account during the winter — the temperature should range between 50° and 55° ; but never exceed the latter, or the produce will become weak and 'spindly,' and very soon cease altogether. Close covering with some loose material will, to a great extent, prevent evaporation ; but should the surface of the beds become very dry, a slight syringing with salt and water is all that will be required." While I am writing on this subject I may mention (or the benefit of those who have pastures which yield Mushrooms, that the fertiliser called " Fungofime," recently advertised in these columns by a most respectable man, whom I know very well, has, in this neighbourhood, when applied to grass land, the reputation of encouraging the growth of this fungus in a most astonishing manner. Philanthes. LILIUMS IN FLOWER. L. HuMBOLDTi, Roezl and Leicht. — This elegant species is flowering very freely this year ; the flowers are perhaps rather smaller than usual, but they are very numerous. The characteristics of this very dis- tinct Lily are briefly summarised as follows: — Stem from 3 — 5 feet high, stout, green, with reddish spots, sometimes rather glaucous. Leaves usually in whorls of from 10 — 20 in number, regular, more or less lan- ceolate, undulate, somewhat scabrous, of a deep green colour. Flowers from 6—30, in large panicles with nodding pedicels. Perianth 3 — 4 inches long, segments sharply revolute, of a bright orange-red colour, thickly spotted with claret-coloured dots. Mr. Baker makes it a variety of canadense, Card. Chron. 1 87 1, 1 165. It is also the L. canadense pub,erulum,Torr. ; L. Bloomerianum, Kellogg. Native of California, abundant on the higher basal hills of the Sierra Nevada, found also along the coast ranges from Santa Barbara to San Diego. There is no difii- culty attending its cultivation if the position it occupies is well drained. I have several bulbs, and they have been undisturbed in the same position for four years ; the subsoil is very sandy, overlying a thick stratum of red sandstone, so they enjoy a thorough drainage : the result is, the bulbs have and are now rapidly increasing, and they flower freely every year. It does not like pot culture, but planted out is certainly one of the least troublesome Lilies. I may here say that I have known it to do well in stiff soil, with artificial drainage. L. Washingtonianum, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad., ii., 13; Baker, Card. Chron. 1S71, 709, fig. 142. — Stems 3 — 5 feet high, terete, smooth. Leaves in several whorls, from 6 — 12 in each whorl, oblan- ceolate, smooth, 3 — 4 inches long. Flowers numer- ous, in a close or lengthened raceme, with ascending pedicels. Perianth more or less funnel-shaped, whitish, tinged, and changing to purplish-red, very fragrant ; segments 3 — 4 inches long, \ — \ inch broad, not reflexed. Native of California and Oregon. More or less plentiful on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the Cuyumaca Mountains. Syn. L. Bartrami, Nuttall. There is a variety named by Dr. Masters purpureum, which is syn- onymous with L. rubescens, Watson, a much more slender and smaller plant. Flowers in umbels, when first expanded nearly white, "but changing to a deep purple red, with revolute segments. This form occurs along the coast range from. Marin to Humboldt Counties, and it is earlier flowering, and 40 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. fJULY 14, 1883. certainly not so decorative a plant as the typical form. The latter, like the preceding species, must have a well drained position, and it enjoys rich soil ; for example, some bulbs were planted in good fibrous loam, leaf soil, and well-decayed cow-manure and sand in about equal proportions, while other bulbs of the same batch were planted in the ordinary soil of the same bed by the side of their more highly-fed com- panions, the result being that the latter are very much finer in every respect. I have other bulbs which have been planted over four years in the same position ; this season they are much reduced in size, which un- doubtedly arises from the exhausted condition of the soil, so when the stems die down they will be lifted and replanted. Liiiiim, Jidy 7. HARDY PLANTS IN FLOWER. Primula suffrutescens. —This is a new and scarce Californian species, introduced by Mr. Ware, of Tottenham, or I believe he was the first to bring it before the public in this country. I have two plants, obtained from him, and I now take the following brief description from them : — Stems long, straggling, and sub-woody ; leaves narrow, spathulate dentate at the apices, i^ — 2 inches long, and about 4 lines across the widest portion ; peduncle about 6 inches high, terete, smooth, umbellate at the top; pedicels \~\ inch long ; calyx about two-thirds as long as the corolla lube, 4 lines long, cut about half-way down; segments ovate acute; corolla funnel shaped, about f inch across the limb, rich rosy-purple, with a dis- tinct yellow eye ; segments obcordate, about 3 lines wide. It is a very pretty species, but, I am afraid, rather delicate, and liable to die away. It should be planted or potted in very gritty soil, and the growing portions securely fastened between nodules of lime- stone. I have not fully tested its hardiness, but the best results have up to the present time been obtained by keeping it in a frame, potted in the way described above. 7". AsTRAGALtrs ALOPECUROIDES. — This IS one of a very large genus, many of which are useless as deco- rative plants, but there are several honestly worth being at a little trouble to cultivate ; the true subject of this note is one of them. I say true, because one so frequently finds other worthless species substituted for it. I have at different times received not less than five different species f:)r it, but am glad to have the right plant at last. It grows about 2 feet high, with long pinnate glaucous leaves. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, each about \ inch long, of a pale yellow colour, the calyces thickly covered with long silky hairs. There are several flower bunches to each shoot at different heights, so the plant presents a very pleasing and not showy appearance. It is a native of Spain, and is figured in Pallas' Species A sttagaloriim^ S. I find it quite hardy, but rather difficult to in- crease except by seeds, which germinate freely enough, but are rather difficult to obtain. I have tried several times to root cuttings, but have had only very poor results. T^ Campanula glomerata alba. — A most useful border plant, with pure white flowers in dense heads, like those of the typical form. The variety pallida is also very desirable, with very pale blue flowers. They are invaluable for cutting, most easily increased, and quite hardy. T, Erodium macrodeni'JM. — A very pretty hardy rock-plant, with light green finely divided leaves, and small cymes of flowers each about | inch across, resembling a miniature show Pelargonium ; the three lower petals are white veined with light purple ; the two upper ones have deeper purple veins, and a large plum-coloured blotch upon each. It flowers most profusely from May until very late in the year, enjoy- ing a well-drained position on the rockery, and it may be increased by cuttings or seeds. T. CEnothera speciosa. — In my opinion this is one of the finest hardy plants known in our collections. It is now a mass of pure white flowers, and its flower- ing period is somewhat lengthened. It grows with me from 2—3 feet high, the extremities of the branches being crowded with pure white flowers quite 3 inches across. I have seen it grow much taller in some places, but as a rule the height is under 3 feet. I remember seeing a fine patch at Messrs. Cannell's, of Swanley, about a year since, very dwarf in habit and wonderfully floriferous. This increases freely enough by division or cuttings ; the latter strike freely now in a cold frame, and they will make excellent plants for next season's flowering. T. Spir^a aruncus, — A grand plant, not by any means so abundant as it should be in our gardens, owing to its very distinct and effective appearance. Of course there are positions in the garden where it would be out of place, but there are many others to which it would give additional beauty. We have yet much to learn or appreciate in the arrangement of hardy plants. Here is a plant which may be fittingly arranged in the shrubberies, by the margins of lakes, surrounded (taste would suggest) by dark foliaged subjects, such as the Copper Beeches or Nuts, when the white feathery plumes would be seen to much greater advantage than otherwise disposed. I may say, for the benefit of those unacquainted with the plant, that it grows from 3—4 feet high, with large divided foliage, and immense plumes of white flowers, forming when established most conspicuous objects. I lately saw several masses 3 and 4 feet in diameter, and as much high, and nothing could surpass their un*que beauty. 7". Erodium Reichardi.— This is a favourite little alpine of mine, forming dense spreading little tufts with dark green reniform leaves, and solitary flowers upon slender peduncles from 2 — 3 inches long. The corollas are about \ inch across ; petals white, veined with purple. Although such an inconspicuous mem- ber of the Heron's-bill genus, yet it commands respect because of its long blooming period, for it is quite astonishing what a large number of flowers it pro- duces. It requires a well-drained sunny position, and is not easily propagated except by seed. It was well figured in the Botanical Magazine, vol. i., t. iS, where Mr. Curtis, writing in the year 17S7, says :^ ** It has been known for several years about London under the name of acaule, a name I should have been disposed to adopt had not Prof. Murray previously described it under the name of Reichardi, in compli- ment to a French gentleman who first discovered it in the island of Minorca." Of course it was named in the Botanical Magazine Geranium Reichardi. 7', Lathyrus Drummondi, — This is certainly one of the handsomest Everlasting Peas we possess ; so d.lTerent in colour from the rest, except L. rotundi- folius, which closely resembles it, but the lauer has not nearly so good a constitution as the subject of this note. It forms a large bush from 4 — 5 feet high, thickly covered with large racemes of bright red flowers individually nearly or quite as large as those of L. laiifolius. It is very vigorous growing and freely branched, but of course its chief merit is the colour of the flowers, so highly decorative and ser- viceable for cutting. It is one of those good things soliberallydistributed by the Rev. Mr. Ellacombe, Sen,, but is siill extremely rare ; indeed, it has scarcely found its way into dealers' collections, consequently the bulk of hardy plant fanciers are without it. I recently saw three large masses in one favoured gar- den, which were indeed a picture. 7*., July 9. Messrs. Backhouse, of York, send a collection of choice herbaceous plants in excellent condition. Among them we may name grand spikes of Orchis foliosa and O. maculata superba, the lovely Calochor- lus venustus, the gorgeously coloured Gaillardia grandiflora, Lilium pardalinum, and L. puberulum, in which, however, we see nothing puberulous, together with the following, of which a more detailed note may be given : — Allium acuminatum, wiih simple many-rayed umbels of pinkish star-shaped flowers, each about I inch across, the six segments ovate lanceolate, with the greenish midrib prolonged into a long point, whence the name. Unfortunately it possesses the powerful odour of Onions to a high degree. Gentiana ARVERNENSIS. — A charming species, of medium height, with sessile lanceolate leaves and terminal erect flowers, each about 2 inches long; the calyx is funnel-shaped, with a long tube and linear oblong segments of the same length. The corolla is nearly twice the length of the calyx, tubular, oblong, dilated in the centre, with five longitudinal folds, and the limb divided into five shallow ovate acute lobes, the sinuses between which are slightly toothed. The colour is Napoleon-blue. Campanula turbinata, with its broad bowl- shaped purplish-blue flowers, requires no further notice. C, Van Houtte is a tall-growing form, the upper leaves of which are sessile, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, irregularly toothed, and rough. The flowers are borne in pairs, one above another, on long stalks, the upper flower the youngest (unilateral cymes). Each corolla is nodding, 3 inches long, tubular, bell-shaped, rich purple, and surrounded at the base by a short funnel-shaped calyx, the limb of which is divided into five lanceolate spreading lobes. C. macrantha is another noble tall-growing species, the upper leaves sessile, broadly lanceolate, serrulate, rough. The numerous deep purple flowers are borne in erect racemes, at the end of the stems. Each flower measures about 2 inches in length with a cup-shaped downy calyx dividing Into five linear lanceolate spreading segments, supporting a tubular bell-shaped erect or spreading corolla, dividing at the limb into five lanceolate segments. C. macrantha alba is if possible even more stately. The habit is the same as in the preceding, but the flowers are white. Roses in Pots. — The Roses planted out in the open ground are now in glorious bloom ; the clean healthy foliage, like the flowers, full of life and beauty ; a striking contrast to the pot Roses as they are seen in many private gardens. I say nothing about the healthy well-grown plants of all sizes to be seen in such nurseries as that of " the old Che.shunt*' firm, where sturdy veterans a quarter of a century old vie in health and genera! excellence with those of but two or three summers. The only reference that need be made to the Roses in question is that those who wish to excel in the pot-culture of the queen of flowers should pay Mr. Paul a visit, and try to obtain a chat with the foreman in charge of the Roses under glass and in pots. Many of my readers I know can- not do this, consequently the next best thing will be for me to try to offer a few practical remarks on the culture of Roses in pots. As the Roses come into flower out-of-doors those which have been flowering under glass ought to be over, and at that time there is usually consider- able pressure of work in the greenhouse and hothouse departments ; so the poor unfortunate Roses, that have so very recently charmed with their sweetness and beauty, are turned out into some out-of-the-way corner, where they often suffer from the two most serious ills of pot-Rose life — greenfly and mildew ; added to these I have actually seen the leaves well furnished with red-spider and orange fungus, wilh an occasional vigorous sucker from Brier and Manetti slock. It is alter the blooming period is over that the Rose is neglected, and the Rose cannot bear neglect at any time. How, indeed, can it be expected to produce strong healthy blooming wood next )ear if it is prevented from producing good well-matured wood after flowering? It is difficult to keep Roses clean and healthy under glass during the hot weather in May ; the only thing is to watch for the first appear- ance of any of the ills that afflict the Rose. It is very easy to manage the Roses if they are kept clean while making their growth. Fumigate on the very first appearance of greenfly, keeping ever in mind the golden rule for gardeners, that prevention is easier, and far better, than cure. Dust wiih sulphur for mildew and all fungoid diseases. Syringe underneath the leaves to keep red-spider off them. For orange fungus cut off the affected parts. Remember, too, that the Rose loves air and light ; take a little pains to get the plants as near as possible to the glass. One day a man whom I thought was an excellent gardener (indeed, I know he is in some things), said to me, "Your plants are too near the glass to do well." Most gardeners know that Roses, at least, do beat near the glass ; and if they are not doing well almost hugging the glass roof, it will not mend matters to push them away from it. Well then, we have as essentials to success, cleanliness, abundance of air and light. All these can be obtained easily. In as few words as possible I will give our routine of culture for one year. At present all the hardy July 14, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 41 Roses, such as the hybrid perpeluals, Bourbons, hybrid Bourbons, &c., ought to be out-of-doors, making clean and healthy growth in an open posi- tion, but sheltered from the south-west winds which come up strong from that direction in the autumn. Tea Roses rather like a glass shelter all the year round. If aphis and mildew appear when they are out-of-doors the whole plant may be dipped or syringed with soft-soapy water in which a handful or two of flowers of sulphur has been stirred. Of course they must be watered judiciously, and be frequently syringed to prevent or destroy red-spider, to which some varieties are more attractive than others. This pest browns the leaves, causing them to drop before their time, a catastrophe which prevents the ripening of the wood and other disastrous results. The time for repotting is before the leaves drop in the autumn. Whether it be fruit trees, Roses, or any other class of shrubs, they establish themselves best when repotting is done before the leaves are shed. Good decayed turfy clayey loam four parts, rotten manure one part, leaf-mould one part, and in addition to this, for Tea Roses, one part of peat. Use clean pots well drained, and pot firmly. After repotting it would be well to place the Roses in a glass-house, to prevent the cold autumnal rains from soaking the roots too much, and killing the young fibres that are so rapidly formed after potting. As the leaves drop less water is required, but over- dryness is to be deprecated, even in winter. The next attention required is pruning, and the time that this should be done will depend upon the time the Roses are required to bloom. The earliest should be pruned before Christmas, the last pruning about the middle of February, or even later than that, should the plants be required very late for exhibition or any special purpose. I like to have the soil in the pots rather dry when they are pruned, and to keep it so for a few days after, to prevent bleeding. Of course it would be unwise to begin forcing for some little time after pruning. I like to see the buds moving a little before they are put into heat. Many gardeners are also required to produce forced Roses with very limited means indeed at their command. Of course if there are difficulties in the way they must be overcome. I used to have excellent forced Roses early in the year by starting them with the Vines after the middle of December. We put up a bed of leaves and manure in the house, and placed the Roses over it after the first violent heat was spent. The little bottom-heat, and consequent atmospheric moisture, was just what they wanted, and they made clean strong growths. Sometimes the leaves of the Vines were developed too much, and the temperature in- creased too fast for them ; in that case they were placed in the vinery started later, where the tempera- ture was lower, and the roof unshaded by the Vine leaves. In this house the flowers opened well, and they were removed to the greenhouse or conservatory. Those Roses that flower early should be protected under glass, in a greenhouse temperature, until the weather is such that they may safely be removed out- of-doors. It would take up too much space to give the names of the best Roses, as they have been enough before the public lately ; but it is well to state that some of the best Roses that are seen at our exhibitions as cut blooms are not by any means the best for pot- culture ; what we require for that is a free branching habit. Some varieties do not take naturally the form of a bush, and refuse to be trained into that form ; others do not grow freely enough. The best type of a pot. Rose is one that grows freely, and forms a good bush naturally. Such is La France, H.P., and the hybrid China Charles Lawson, the Noisette Celine Forestier, and the Tea Madame Margottin. The names of the pot Roses shown at exhibitions, and given in recent numbers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, should be referred to. y, Douglas. Rosa lucida flore-pleno.— In Mr. Ellacombe's garden at Bitton this pretty Rose grows and flowers freely. Although much altered by cultivation from the dwarf wild Rose of the United States, there seems no doubt of the propriety of referring it as a variety to R. lucida. It seems identical, too, with the Rose figured by Andrews in his Monop-aph as R. pennsylvanica flore-pleno. The outer petals of this fade into a pale rose, leaving the centre of the flower a deep rich rose colour. AMIANTHIUM MUSC^TOXI- CUM. Mr. Smith sends us this from Messrs. Rodger, McClelland & Co., of Newry. Though a very old plant, introduced in 1770, it is one rarely seen in gardens. It is a tall herbaceous perennial, with long linear lanceolate glabrous leaves, and erect close racemes (3 — 5 inches long) of cream-coloured flowers, each mounted on a longish white pedicel, and regu- larly 6-parted. It is a member of the Colchicum group, not far off Veratrum as to its affinity, and is a native of the Eastern United States of America, ex- tending as far south as Florida. It is stated that the root, when bruised and mixed with honey, acts as a Fig. 7. — AMIANTHIUM MUSC.ETOXICU M; POLLEN GRAINS MAGN. poison to flies, It is the Helonias Ia:ta of the Bota- nical Maga%ine, t. S03. REINVIGORATED POTATOS A FEW years ago an accident caused a small number of roots of a favourite variety of Potato to be disturbed prematurely, and the tubers, having been dug up when not one quarter grown, were exposed for some weeks, at the foot of a south wall, to the full power of the heat of a July sun. When taken in they were shrivelled, and were put away in a light closet, and on being planted the following spring they pro- duced a notably fine crop, which entirely resisted the disease of a very bad year, when the rows, right and left, were almost completely destroyed. So marked was the improvement in this lot of Potatos, that part of the crop of this section of the variety has been saved for seed every season since, raising them for next year's seed as soon as we begin to use the first new Potatos, And it is quite certain that, both in consti- tution and yield, the stock which came through these shrivelled tubers of 1S7S still keeps ahead of others which sprang from the same origin, but have shared the ordinary practice of the garden — i.e., have been left in the ground till they were mature. In 1S82 I tried the experiment of early raising with one root of ten sorts. All were dug up the first week in July, when the tubers of the later kinds were no bigger than marbles. All were replanted in the third week in March, 1SS3. I have to-day (July 2) been examining them, and in every case I find the early kinds full- sized (/.ERiDiFORME := Harrisonse. E. affine, Focke m oncidioides. E. affine, Rich. =: fucatum. E. ag.vthosmicum ■:=z densiflorum. E. alatum, Lindl. (not of Batem.) zzambiguum. E. ALATUM, Lindl. zz trachychilum. 5. E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) ALATUM, Batera., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 18 ; Lindl,, Fol. Orch., n. 53 ; Walp. Ann.,v\., p. 336. F.. longipetaliim, Lindl., Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard., i., t. 30; Lemaire, Jard, Fleur., i., t. Si (copied from Lindl. and Faxt. Fl. Gard.). E. calochilum. Hook., Bot. Mag, t. 3898. E forntosum^ Klotzsch, Otto and Dietr., Al.g. Gart. Zeit. 1853, p. 201. — Guatemala. Hartweg, Warscewicz, and others. Very sweet-scented. Panicles long and straggling. Sepals and petals purple and green ; lip straw-coloured, bordered with yellow and streaked with rose. Hort. Kew. E. ALOiFOLiUMrzfalcatum. E. alternans=: fimbriatum. 6. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) altissimum, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 38 ; FoL Orch., n. 52 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 336. — Bahamas Introduced by Ure Skinner, and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. Flowers smelling strongly of bee's wax, as large as those of E. oncidioides, on a very long branching scape. 7. E. (Encyclium) amadile. Linden and Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1855, p. 219 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 332 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Mexico. Intro- duced by Linden in 1854. Panicle slender ; flowers as large as those of E. virgatum ; sepals and petals hoary brown ; lip golden, dotted with purple. 8. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) ambiguum, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 56; ///. Hort, t. 606; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 338. E. alatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1847. t. 53, not of Batem. — Guatemala. Cultivated by Mr. Rucker. Sepals and petals yellowish-green ; lip wavy, white and crimson. Hort. Kew. 9. E. (Spathium— Racemos.-e) amethystina, Rchb. f., Gird. Chron. 1867, p. 376.— Western South America. • Imported and cultivated by Messrs. Backhouse, of York, A graceful little Orchid, bearing erect racemes of about a dozen amethyst- ine flowers, nearly as large as those of Rodriguezia secunda. 10. E. (Encyclium) ANiCETUM, Linden and Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1855, p. 219; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 327; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — New Grenada. Introduced by Linden in 1852. Flowers about the size of those of E. aromaticum ; sepals and petals greenish ; lip striped with purple. E. ANCEPS =1 fuscatum. XI. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— AmPHIGLOTTIDE/E) ANTEN- NiFERUM, Lindl., Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard., i., p. 184, fig. 113; Fol. Orch., n. 195; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 382 ; Refug. Bot., ii., t. 91. E. Ion- gipctalum, A. Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., s^'rie 3, p. 22. — Mexico. Introduced by Ques- nel, and flowered by Mr. Pescatore. Flowers small, green tinged with red, remarkable for the relatively long and narrow petals, which are three or four times as long as the other parts of the flower, and directed downward under the labellum. 12. E. (Euepidendrum— Spathace-^) anthoceros, Linden and Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1854, p. 281 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 366; ///. Hort.. xxviii., p. g6. — New Grenada, at 6000 to 8000 feet. In- troduced by Mr. J. Linden in 1830. Near E. cornutum. Flowers yellowish. 13. E. arachnogloSSUM, Andr4 Rev. Hort. 1882, p. SS4, with a coloured plate. — New Grenada. In- troduced by Mr. Ed. Andr^, and cultivated by Mr. Godefroy-Lebeuf, Argenteuil. A showy species of the same group as E. ibaguense. Flowers rich lilac-purple, with a little yellow on the column ; lip deeply fringed. 14. E. (Euepidendrum) areusculum, Lindl. ; Benth., PI. Hartw., p. 93; Fol. Orch., n. 277; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 410 ; Gard. ChroJt. 1843, p. 523. — Mexico. Introduced by Hartweg, and flowered in the garden of the Horticultural Society of Lon- don. Flowers dull chocolate, reheved by a patch of yellow in the middle of the labellum. 15. E. (Euepidendrum— Spathace^) armeniacum, hmdX., Bot. Reg., t. 1867; Fol. Orch., n. 153; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 367. — Brazil and Peru. First flowered in England about 1835. Flowers Apricot-coloured, numerous, very smalt (less than I inch across), in drooping racemes. Pretty. 16. E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) aromaticum, Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat,, t. 10 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 55 ; Rcfag. Bot , ii., t. 89. E. in- cumbens, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., p. 45. — Guatemala. Originally introduced by Mr. Skinner, and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. Flowers medium size, yellowish-green, with a white labellum, veined or streaked with crimson. Hort. Kew. E. articulatum =z tessellatum. 17. E. (Encyclium) asperum, Lindl. ; Hook., Journ. Bot., i., p. 6; FoL Orch., n., 61; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 339. E. /labellatum^nd E. rugosissimum, Hort. — Panama to Peru. Cultivated by Consul Schiller in 1857. E. atropurpureum, Lindl. = bifidum. 18. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) atropurpureum, Willd. ; Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1854, p. 19. E. macrochilum. Hook , Boi. Mag., t. 3534; Ann. de Gaud, t. 86 (var. albopurpurea) ; Batem., Orch. Mex. andGuat., t. 17, and Paxt., Mag.Bot., xi., p. 243, with a coloured plate, copied in Fl. des Serres, t. 372 (var. roseum). — Mexico. Intro- duced by Mr. C. Horsfall, in whose collection it flowered in 1836. A very handsome species, said to have the largest flowers in the genus. The original variety has bronze-green sepals and petals, and a yellowish-white lip with crimson stripes, and the variety roseum has purple sepals and petals, and a bright rosy lip. Hort. Kew. E. AUREUM ::::: aurantiacum. 19. E. (Epicladium) aurantiacum, Batem,, Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 8 ; Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. i ; Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 12; Regel, GarteJijlora, t. 158. E. aurcurn, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 5. Broughtonia aurea, Lindl., Bot, Reg., 1840, Misc.p.'ig. — Mexico and Guatemala. Introduced by G. Ure Skinner, and flowered both by Mr. Bateman and Sir Charles Lemon about 1836. A very handsome species. Mr. Bateman was doubtful whether this should be referred to Catlleya or Epidendrum ; and Mr. Bentham says that in structure it is nearer the former genus. Hort. Kew. 20. E. (Encyclium— Holochila)auritum, Lindl., 5o/. Reg. 1843, Misc., p. 4 ; FoL Orch., n. 13 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 323. Dincma paleaceum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., p. 51 ; Refug. Bot., t. 87. E. Lindenianum, A. Rich, and Gal.; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 83. — Guatemala. Cultivated by Mr. Bateman. \ small plant, with quite small very pale yellow, though very sweet-scented flowers. 21. E. DAHIENSE. Rchb. f., Hamb. Gart. Zeit., xv., p. ^3. — Bahia. Imported and cultivated by Consul Schiller, of Hamburg. Allied to E. longicolle, but having flowers only half as large, E. basilare:= Stamfordianum, 22. E. (Encyclium) eelizense, Rchb. f., Linncea, xli., p_ 73. — Belize. Cultivated by Mr. W, W. Saunders and Mr. Day. 23. E. (Encyclium) bicameratum, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1871, p. ii94. E, Karwinskii, Rchb. f., Gird. Chron. 1869, p. 210, not of others. E, squalidum, Lindl., ./^c/. Orch., n. 20. not "Llav. and Lex.— Mexico. Introduced and cultivated by Messrs. Veitch. Like E. viteUinum in growth, but the flowers are ochre-yellow, with a deep brown disc ; lip white and ochre. 24 E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) bifidum, Aublet ; Lindl., FoL Orch., n. 75; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 343; Bot. Reg., t. 1879; Redoutt^, Liliac, (j t. 84. E.-atropurpuretan, Lindl., G-:n. and Sp. Orch., p. 99. E. pjpilionaceum, West., S. Cruz, p. 230. — West Indies, Guiana. A pretty species, having a tall erect spike of rather large flowers ; sepals and petals pale green, dotted with purple near the tips ; labellum rose, orange, and white, E. eiforatum — cucullatum. • E. bisetum = polyanthum. 25. E. (Euepidendrum — Paniculat/E) Blephar- istes, Barker, Byt. Reg. 1844, p. 20 ; Lindl., L^ol. Orch., n. 185; Wa'p. Ann., vi., p. 379.— Vene- zuela. Imported by Mr. Linden, Flowers rich rose colour, the column having the deepest tint of the garnet. {,Tobe continued.') July r4, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 43 FOJ^ESTI^Y, Maturity of Trees. — The subject of ripeness and maturity of crop is one, in its comprehensive sense, that less or more concerns every one, but specially those whose interest is closely connected with it. To know precisely when each respective product en- trusted to their watchful care is ripe and mature, is to know that which is of immense importance, first to individuals, and then to nations. The farmer and gardener frequently require all their skill and know- ledge to enable them to know the right and proper time to gather and store their diverse products, and yet their task is an easy and simple one, compared with that of the forester in respect of trees as to their ripeness and maturity. A few days, or even hours, too late, or too early, in husbanding the product of the farm, or garden, so completely turns the scale at times as to lose or win a competency ; and, therefore, the inevitable care and anxiety entailed upon both, in the pursuit of their avocations. To these harassing cares and perturbations the forester is happily almost a total stranger, and soundly sleeps while his brethren are kept awake by anxiety and care, because to him a few weeks or months, or even years, produces no alarming symptoms or signs of anything wrong in trees. This very influence, however, which so sweetly soothes the mind, is that which also lulls it asleep ; and if, on the one hand, there is nothing to alarm, on the other there is as little to arouse ; but the siren's enchanting note that whispers ** Time enough yet," is by-and-bye transformed into the hideous reproach, "Too late, too late." The whole economy and development of trees is so uniformly slow and imperceptible, that we neither observe it coming nor passing, and it is only when receding in the hazy distance of decay that a clear and startling revelation is made that something is far otherwise than it ought to be — that the goal of maturity had not only been reached, but considerably gone past. I saw a plantation of mixed hardwoods, sixty- five years old, partly cut down, a few weeks ago, of which fully 80 per cent, were diseased, the result of over-ripeness. This plantation should have been cut ten or fifteen years ago, and the ground re- planted. The proprietor all the while little suspected that anything was seriously wrong with the plantation, and never thought of the circumstance that the growth of ten or fifteen years was not only lost on what should otherwise have been a succeeding crop of young trees, but every year it stood it was of less and less value. The term maturity, which bears several constructions, as used here signifies that state at which the timber is at its highest attainable industrial or commercial value, and beyond which state it loses in value every year it stands. In my last article (April 14 last), under ma- turity of trees, I endeavoured to show some of the more . conspicuous aspects of the Norway Spruce, Silver Fir, Scotch Pine, Larch and Spanish Chestnut, and shall here speak of the Ash, Oak, and Wych Elm. The common Ash is believed to be a native of Britain, and few trees are better adapted to the soil and climate of this country. It is one thing however to grow this, or any other tree for ornamental effect, and quite another thing to grow it for industrial purposes; and the different modes of culture for each have often been a means of misleading rather than enlightening, and require to be properly distinguished and explained. The Ash is essentially a fast growing tree, and if grown for profit should be in soils and situations where fastness of growth is promoted to the highest possible degree. Considering the kind of purposes to which it is usually applied, it is evident it should be grown with a clean and usually straight stem, to as great a height and proportional girth as possible. It is necessary that its rapid growth should continue throughout its whole life from first to last, and when it ceases to grow fast it should cease to grow at all, for if the tree is allowed to stand uncut after it ceases to grow rapidly, the wood very soon loses its toughness and elasticity. An example of this occurred under the writer's observation some years ago, which illustrates the subject. The plantation was at its prime at fifty- five years' growth, and the root cuts at that age were, to use the phrase of a carpenter who used much of the wood, as tough as whalebone. At seventy-five years old the toughness of the wood had almost entirely left it, so much so indeed, that what at the former period he paid 2s. (>i{. per foot for, and sometimes even more, he now reluctantly gave u., and said it was not worth even that price. The subsoil was of a clayey nature, mixed with small stones, some of them water-worn, and of a cold unkindly nature, but the active soil (2 or 3 inches deep), was of better quality. The exposure was to the south, and the most sheltered trees were the best both in size and quality, and maintained their tough- ness longer than those on the high and exposed ground. It was evident the plantation should have been cut down and replanted at about fifty to sixty years old. The Oak as a timber tree, unless damaged or diseased, may (unlike the Ash) be considered to improve in quality as long as it grows, even though slowly. Nor does it matter though the growth be fast in its early years and slow towards the end of life. If the soil is moderately dry, and the situation in other respects suitable, the Oak will grow profit- ably to 150 years, at which period it often pays well as a crop to cut and replant. The Oak, as a rule, should not be cut so long as it is in a paying condition to stand, for it not unfre- quently happens that a tree will make more wood and therefore pay better in ten years after it has reached 50 or 100 years than it did in the whole period of growth previously. There is greater danger of the Oak being cut too young than of standing till too old, and the signs of ripeness and maturity in the Oak are so marked and evident that there is but little risk of mistaking the evidence even by those limited observations. The Oak, from its tenacity of life, and youth-renewing pro- clivities, fulfils amongst others one very important purpose in forest economy. As is well known, there are many situations in the landscape when the entire cutting and clearing of a plantation at one sweep as it were, would be nothing short of a rural calamity, hence the necessity of having some trees left to main- tain appearance to the landscape tdl the succeeding crop is sufficiently advanced to take its place. The Oak answers this purpose remarkably well, because it usually remains healthy and in a paying condition twice as long as most other species. If therefore a plantation of Larch, Ash, Poplar, &c., be mixed with Oak when planted, when the crop is ripe, at say fifty, sixty, or seventy years, the whole may be cut except the Oak, which will be mature at the time when the succeeding crop is ready for clearing ; and the same process may be repeated perpetually, by always plant- ing Oak trees as a mixture amongst the general crop. The Elm — at least the Mountain, Scotch, or Wych Elm (Ulmus montana), by which it is variously known, is thought to be a native of Scotland. Of this species there are considerable variety of various marked distinctions — some of them of very good quality and others quite the reverse, and it is a subject that deeply concerns any one connected with tree culture to find out how properly to distinguish between the good and bad, in order to make the selection before planting, for it is too late to make the discovery when the trees have grown forty or fifty years that they are of the spurious sort, and of no value. For timber of the proper kind of tree 2s. 6ii. per cubic foot is readily obtained, while the wood of the others is only used for charcoal and household fuel, &c. Nothing reliable in the external appearance of the tree indicates what its quality is, and therefore the tree must first be cut down before it can be known what the quality of the wood is. The Elm requires good dry sound soil to grow in to perfection, and every tree should be thoroughly clothed with branches and have ample room so as to promote continuous rapid growth. With every atten- tion, however, and the most skilful treatment it can never overcome or make good that which in its original nature is wrong in the kind of tree. The Elm, in addition to the spurious varieties almost invariably found mixed with it in the nursery, is extremely liable to shake — both what is termed ring-shake and star-shake ; defects but too well known to all connected with wood to require expla- nation. It is also very liable to ground-rot, but this is avoidable by proper care in planting and early thinning if the ground is well adapted to it in other respects. Shaky trees are readily known, especially those affected by star-shake, for in them the rend, or split, less or more extends to the surface of the tree, and is quite easily seen upon the bark and trunk. To the former it imparts the appearance of incisions made with an instrument longitudinally, and to the latter a fluted irregular form, destroying the round smooth form common to sound trees, and gives the trunk an irregular form frequentlyaccompanied iiy the discharge of a dark jeasty-looking fluid, alike unsightly and unsavoury. The Elm, in Scotland at least, should be planted very sparingly, for as a rule there are few instances in which other trees would not pay from 50 to So per cent, better. When it really grows sound and healthy it is a valuable tree, and can be used for many pur- poses even at an early age ; and when mature, if sound and of the proper sort, commands a good price. On this estate a tree was sold at an auction sale a few years ago which realised £1^, It contained a little over 70 cubic feet, and was of excellent quality, and well adapted for boat-building purposes, for which it was used. It is very difficult to state the age at which Elm should be cut as perfect .and mature, but eighty to one hundred years may be considered not far from the age at which it pays best to cut it. C, Y, Michie, Cullen House. COLONIAL NOTES. Ceylon Botanic Gardens.— From the annual report of the Director we learn that, as regards Coffee, leaf disease has in no degree diminished, and the continued failure of crop during the past year has added to the difficulties of all concerned in the plant- ing enterprise of the Colony. No combined effort whatever to prevent the disease on the lines indicated by its known nature has been even attempted, whilst the waste of money and time in local applications of " cures " has continued. As, at the same time, high cultivation and liberal manuring have become, generally, impossible from pecuniary necessities, the existing state of things, however much to be lamented, cannot be considered surprising. Liberian Coffee has had to bear severe attacks of leaf-disease,* and rises and falls in planters' estima- tion, yet in suitable soils and localities it does well, and the old trees in Perddeniya (now eight and nine years old), though badly diseased, show no marked diminution in their crop-bearing capacities ; they are, however, regularly manured. Cinchona. — The enormous advance in the cultiva- tion of Cinchona fully justifies one in considering it, at present, as the foremost product of Ceylon. In some of the older districts C. succirubra is, on numerous estates, now completely supplanting the Coffee, which is allowed gradually to go out of cultivation as the former grows up amongst it. During the year ending September last, as much as 3,099,895 lb. were ex- ported, being an increase of 1,892,175 lb. over that for the previous year, or considerably more than double. The remarks made in my report for 1880 become thus every day more and more warranted — that, so long as quinine retains its supremacy, only the rich barks can secure good prices, whilst the inferior ones must hang on hand, and only be sold at reduced rates. There is little or no fear of an excess in pro- duction of bark of the best qualities here, but it is otherwise with the poorer sorts, and it is with these that, from the planting point of view, production may be overdone. On this account, in growing quinine barks, planters will do well to go in for the best kinds only. Of these, C. Ledgeriana still remains by fat the most desirable, but it cannot be grown at high elevations. It is, however, at the same time, pretty evident that we are approaching the time when the almost exclusive estimation of quinine must give way before the evident advantages of employing the mixed alkaloids. The great philanthropic idea which led to the acclimatisation of these trees in the East — the provision of the blessing of cheap febrifuge to a fever- stricken population — must be carried to its issue in spite of any interested efforts to delay it ; the practical efficiency of the imperfect preparation made by the Indian Government, now well established, has shown the way to a vast future development of the use of similar and improved preparations. The practice, invented by Mr. Moens, of shaving off the rich outer portions of the bark down to a plane as near the cambium zone as possible without reach- ing it, has become very general. It is found to be simple and easily learnt, expeditious, cheap, and very * Hemileia not uafrequently attacks Itie fruit ia this species. 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 14, 1S83. convenient for drying, paclcing, and baling for ship- ment. As a consequence, it has nearly superseded other modes of harvesting, and it has been remarked that there will soon be little but renewed bark sent from Ceylon. The practice is applied to all the kinds grown, and, as a rule, the trees do not appear to suffer much, if the operation be carefully performed. New bark is rapidly formed, and the amount of quinine is much increased in the renewed tissues. The scraped surface is usually covered, the common Mana-grass (Andropogon Martini, Thw.), readily obtained and durable, being commonly used for the purpose ; renewal, however, occurs without any covering, except in very dry weather. It is regret- able to see such very young trees (saplings of eighteen months even, scarcely | of an inch in diameter) sub- jected to this process, with the accompanying pruning off of all side branches, and the short intervals allowed between successive shavings. There is a present small gain in such procedure, but it is doubt- less wasteful in the long run. I have noticed many young trees succumb to the treatment, and in any case it must greatly check their growth, impair their vigour, and shorten their life. Experiments, however, are greatly needed to determine several points in con- nection with this subject, especially as to the ratio of the increase of alkaloids in renewed bark to the age of the tree, the best period to allow to pass between successive shavings, &c. After much trouble, seed has been obtained at Kew of the " Ciipra Quina " tree affording the " Cuprea " bark imported during the last two or three years to the London market (vi& New York) in such vast quantities. A little of this seed has been sent to me ; it was collected from trees growing between 5000 and 6000 feet at Landasugi, in the Stale of Santander (U.S. Columbia), and sent from Bogota. No time was lost by me in forwarding this to Hakgala, but I regret to say that only two seeds germinated, of which one subsequently died, so that we have now but a single seedling of this interesting plant, Mr. Triana has identified the Cuprea-bark trees as a species of Remijia, a genus nearly allied to Cinchona, so that it is no longer possible to consider the febrifugal alka- loids exclusively produced by the latter. Tea. — The past year has witnessed a very striking rise in the export of Tea— no less than 345,702 lb. more in the year ending September, 18S2, than in the previous one, the whole quantity shipped being 623,292 lb. Tea estates have been opened at all elevations, from near sea level up to the highest avail- able land in the wet districts, and many old Coffee estates, not suited for Cinchona, are now cropped with Tea, This article has thus stepped into the second place, and with Cinchona has gone a consider- able way towards compensating for the serious diminution in Coffee. In connection with Tea, I may mention that an excellent wood for boxes is that of Cedrela toona, a large tree with a wide geographical range in Tropical Asia, but not native to Ceylon. The few trees in the gardens give an abundance of seed, and it has the advantage of growing very quickly. Thus, seedlings at six months measure 10 feet high, and in trees seven years old the circumference of the stem i foot above the ground is 4 feet 10 inches. The wood is light, strong, clean, non-resinous, and not attacked by insects. Cacao. — There is every prospect that this article will play an important part in the future of Ceylon cultures. The year ending with September, 18S2, saw I0i8 cwt. exported, against 479 cwt. in the pre- vious one ; and what is more satisfactory is, that the prices secured show that our product is of the best quality, and esteemed in the market. In the lower hill districts are many old and more or less abandoned coffee estates, and on not a few of these Cacao is being successfully grown, if only due care be taken in first planting, and protection from wind afforded during the first two years. Indiamhber. — In continuation of my previous reports on the South American rubber trees, I have now to record a considerable step in advance. Samples collected from each of the three species have been submitted to the best commercial authority in London, and the renprts received are very encourag- ing so far as the quality and value of the product is concerned. In no way does the rubber fall short of that from the wild trees, A tapping of Ceara (Manihot Glaziovi) was made at the end of April (dry weather) and about 20 oz. of dry rubber were obtained from nine or ten trees. One of these afforded nearly 4 oz., whilst another, which had been bled to the extent of 2 oz. the year before, gave scarcely i oz. The process followed consisted merely in peeling off the dry parchment-like outer bark and making short slanting cuts with a sharp knife on the green surface exposed. The milk flowed most freely in the early morning. I at first experi- mented with a small axe, purposely constructed, with a sharp cutting edge, prevented from penetrating too deeply by a projecting shoulder, but this did not answer so well as an ordinary knife. The milk which trickled down the stem was allowed to remain there till it solidified, when the strings were pulled off and rolled into balls. By this means a generally clean and dry sample was secured ; a portion, however, after- wards acquired a somewhat sticky consistence along with a slight admixture of sand contracted by drop- ping on to the soil at the foot of the tree. I separated this from the rest and submitted both to Messrs. Silver for report, in June. They valued the dry and clean Fig 8.— pinus monophylla : showing the young and the adult foliage. (see p. 48.) portion at 2s. 9a'. to 3^. per pound — a high price for " Ceara Scrap ; " the sticky portion, which could not be properly washed and analysed, was not considered worth more than \s. to \s. ^d. per pound. The im- portance of taking care to secure a clean, dry rubber is thus very evident. The value of Ceara rubber being now assured, it may be expected that planters (some of whom have now a large stock of trees) will institute experiments as to the method which will secure the largest quan- tity of milk per annum or during the life of the tree. Chinese Cassia lignea.—To Mr. Ford (Superinten- dent of the Botanic Garden at Hong Kong) the Gardens are indebted for sending (with the consent of the Secretary of State and the Government of Hong Kong) a Wardian case of young plants of Cinna- momum Cassia, the plant affording the " Cassia lignea " of commerce. Eighteen of these have been planted at Peradeniya, and some sent to Hakgala for trial. The plants seem very hardy. These were collected by Mr. Ford himself from the plantations on the West River in the province of Kwangtung, South China, where an immense cultivation is carried on. Like our Ceylon Cinnamon, the precise plant is not known wild, but is probably a cultivated race of some common wild species. By this visit Mr. Ford has satisfactorily determined that this 'is the sole source of *' Cassia lignea," which has been hitherto supposed to be derived from a number of species of Cinnamomum. Dried specimens kindly sent me at the same time show that the species is quite the same as the C. cassia figured by me in Medicinal Plants, tab. 223, which was drawn from dried specimens at Kew, .collected by Dr. Hance from a tree (as I have since ascertained) growing in the Public Garden of Canton. The export of this product from Canton in 187S reached the enormous quantity of 58, 313 piculs ; it is, however, of far less value than Cinnamon in the market. The spice has been brought from South China since the earliest dawn of history, and is doubtless the original Cinnamon of the Mosaic and other early writings. The scent of the leaves is far more pleasant than that of Ceylon Cinnamon, A return case of the latter has been sent to Hong Kong. \}\t pm% The Drumming of Bees. — In the last volume of the Gardeners'' Chronicle, p. 819, embodied in a note commencing on p. 818, entitled " The Right of Property in a Roving Swarm of Bees," occurs the following paragraph : — " Such a statement as this shows in a simple way what strong yet absurd super- stitious ideas still cluster about our rural districts, for both the hideous drumming discord and the non- prosperity of stocks quarrelled over are equally foolish." I am quite willing to agree that belief in non-prosperity of stocks quarrelled over is a foolish superstition, and to grant that the drumming is a hideous discord, but that it is equally foolish with the quarrelling superstition, I think, requires proving before it is set aside as an absurd custom. The idea is, I believe, that the drumming noise tends to quiet the bees, and causes them to settle somewhere near at hand instead of flying away to a distance ; and in this, I think, the countryman is most likely more correct than the wise one who regards the drumming as of no use. Although I have no practical know- ledge of bees, yet, from observation of other insects, I have long known that some — and more especially moths — are most decidedly attracted by certain sounds. For on very many occasions, when on a spring or summer evening at dusk I have been walking with, or talking to a^ companion, I have had a moth fly direct at my mouth or ear, and some of my companions have experienced the same thing whilst with me, when speaking in a certain tone of voice, and with the sound of the words rather prolonged. I have never known them fly at jne when speaking rapidly, or in shrill tones. That the moths are attracted by the sound of the voice, and that they have not flown against my mouth or ear by accident, I am perfectly certain, for on more than one occasion, when a moth has flown at me in that manner when speaking, I have amused myself by repeating in the same tone, over and over again, the word or words I had just spoken, and have had the moth, or what I have taken to be the same moth, again and again fly at my mouth or ear, though why they should fly at the ear I never have been able to comprehend. Often, too, when a piano has been playing and there has happened to be a moth in the room, I have seen it come and hover over and even settle upon the piano, not attracted by the lights on the instrument, for they were not used ; and I have seen as lately as a month back a moth de- liberately leave a gas-light around which it was flying and go straight to the piano when it began to be played upon. I have also on one or two occasions seen a moth hover over a violin that was being played upon. But the most remarkable instance of their being attracted by sound was upon one occasion when at dusk one spring evening in a country town an Italian boy was playing the instrument called a hurdy-gurdy, and there were two or three moths and a beetle (a Melolontha, I believe), hovering around the instrument, and it was amusing to see the boy try to drive them away and play his instrument at the same time. The moths I have above alluded to were all of the larger kinds, but as I never attempted to catch them I do not know what species they were, but July 14, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 they were certainly either Botnbyces, Noctux, or Geo- meters, and I do not remember to have seen any of the smaller moths similarly attracted by sounds. Now if certain sounds have an attraction for some other insects why may they not also affect bees, and produce the effect of causing them to settle sooner than they otherwise would do ? There are many customs practised by country folk that are looked upon by scientific men as absurd and foolish, and many of them undoubtedly are so, but it is doubtful if the drumming of bees be one. N, E, Brown. land, cleared of all houses, is about ^iio ; have seen better land nearer London let at £^ an acre. (Re-examined) : I don't think you could get ^^215 a iiear for the property, the leiKuU doing llie repairs. Mr. W. Paul, Waltham Cross : In 1881 I was assessed at £1^0: have since been rated at ^^345 ; the 3^ acres, overflowed with water part of the year, is not wordi so much as Mr. Morris stated ; wc cannot drain it ; the 7J Law Notes. The Rating of Greenhouses.— At the Hertford- shire Quarter Sessions, held on July 2, Messrs. W. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross, appealed against their new assessment to the Kdmonton Union. They were in 1881 assessed at ji^iSo (^1^165 ratable), and this year, although there had been no addition made to the property, the assessment had been raised to £Z'\S' consequent on a re-valuation of the waterworks, gasworks, railways, and greenhouses in the Union. Mr. Douglas Walker for appellants ; Mr. Castle {specially retained) for respondents. Mr. Walker pointed out that in the new valuation Mr. Paul's land had been put up to £c^ an acre, whilst some, on account of being liable to be flooded, and some througli being used for growing Coniferoe, was not worth that sum. The ratable value of the land, 32 acres 3 roods, at £$ an acre, came to ;i^i65, which, with ^'38 ratable value of offices and buildings, came to /'203. That left ^^142 for tlie'greenhouses, which made the ^345. The great question was the value of the greenhouses. There were twenty-one houses, a considerable number close by the high road, and the parish had rated them most unjustly. Mr. Walker then cited cases in support of the following principle, which, he contended, was applicable to the matter in dispute, viz., they would first consider what a hypothetical tenant would give for the land, and then what more rent he would pay because of the convenience offered him by what existed on the land, in this case, by the greenhouses. He then contended that the value of the greenhouses was very small, because of the great cost of keeping them in repair. Mr. Castle did not dispute the principle. The appel- lants were entitled to deduct insurance and the cost of work necessary to maintain the greenhouses in a fit state to earn the rent. Mr. D. Walker said the houses had been valued at ^1462 ; and taking 10 per cent, on the present value as the rent, they arrived at ^£"146 igs. as the ratable value. Going back to the expense of keeping up the houses, he said Mr. Paul paid a man ^i a week to paint and repair, £c,'2 ; and there was the cost of materials, insurance, &c., which left ^23 us. for the rent, which he contended was the outside value of the houses to an incoming tenant. Mr. G. F. Morris, of Protheroe & Morris : I have had thirty years' experience and valued important nurseries ; have inspected Mr, Paul's greenhouses ; they are not of the plan adopted at the present time ; the average life of a gi'cenhouse is twenty years, some would decay sooner, as if you were growing Cucumbers. My business is to let as well as sell. I should think the greenhouses would be a great obstacle in letting the land, as we find it difficult to get a man to take them undertaking to keep them in repair ; they are no more value to the premises than a carpenter's bench ; I do not think we should get a tenant for the greenhouses on a repairing lease, especially rafter greenhouses. As to the cost of keeping the houses in repair it is my opinion the cost will increase ; the expense of putting new bars, glass, and painting would be about 8(/. a foot. Taking the land at 32 acres, I know a piece of land near the stream, 3 acres 2 roods, which I value at £2 an acre, which gives £j ; there are 7 acres 2 roods, very stony and poor — 1 value that at ;i^i3 2J-. 6d. ; the remaining 21 acres I value, deducting 2 acres for the buildings, at j^4, which gives ^loi 2J. 6d. I value the offices and premises at ^^30 ; I value the greenhouses at ;^i 105 i3i ; piping outside, ^20 ; making _j^ii25 15J. ; pipes, ^^176 4J. ; cart sheds, corn sheds, stabling, ^^89 ; large pump and tanks, ^^48 ; boiler, j^23; making, ^^1462 rix. (Cross-examined) : Mr. Castle asked what the pro- perty would let for as a whole, the landlord doing re- pairs ? — Mr. Morris : I do not believe the landlord would do the repairs ; I have not considered the question. Mr. Castle : The tenant doing the repairs what ought the landlord to get? — Mr. Morris: I should say about ^2i5.~Mr. Castle : That is what the landlord ought to put in his pocket. The repairs come to ^^104 js. and the insurance to £1^ loj., which make ;^ii8 js., which added to ^^215 makes ^^333 17s. ; so that if the landlord did the repairs, he would expect ^^333 \ys. according to your own figures — is it not so? — Mr. Morris: I don't consider the landlord would do the repairs ; we should never get that sum. Some of Mr. Paul's greenhouses are more than twenty years old. The letting value of the Fig. 9.— piNus tinea : showing the two FORRrs of FOLIAGE, (see P. 48.) acres is very stony soil and is worth £2. 5^. or £2 los. at the outside ; only the very commonest description of nursery stock grows there. I put the 21 acres at £^ as the full outside value ; it would be no use for a market gardener. ]no. Dewey's land is well suited for a market gardener.— Mr. L>. Walker said Mr. Dewey's worked out £2 lbs. gd. per acre, rateable value. — Mr. Paul : I know Wilson's ; it is a very fine meadow, 4 a. i r. — Mr. D. Walker said the rateable value came out ^^3 an acre. —Mr. Paul : The greenhouses cost a great deal to keep up, and we have a glazier constantly watching and repairing : they require painting inside once a year. For the land and buildings 1 would take ^150 a year, the tenant doing repairs, but this property is not Ictable ; I do not tliink 1 should get it. 1 make the yearly cost of repairs about /^loS, I have to remove much earth with the plants. Some of our crops extend over three, four, fivr, or six years. We have great competition. Cut Roses that used to sell for gs. now fetch only 3J. (Cross-examined) : I would take ^150 for the whole place, the tenant doing repairs. Don't want to let it. The figure is based on calculation. Am freeholder of all but 4 acres. I pay ^24 for them. I bought some of the remainder at ^90 an acre. For 12 acres and three cottages, which let at £36 a year, I paid £8^ an acre, which brought the land to/'49. I let some of the other land, which I bought twenty-five years ago, at ^3 an acre, until I wanted it. Alexander Adams said : I was many years a horticul- tural builder ; I built all these greenhouses but one ; began about twenty years ago ; I should not hke to keep them in repair for j^ioo a-year — think I should lose. I charged ^hd. a foot for the woodwork. W. C. Simmons, horticultural builder, Stoke Newing- ton : I have seen Mr. Paul's greenhouses. Unless let on repairing lease they would not let. G. Ward, son of Mr, Ward, florist and nurseryman, proved that there was much competition in the business, foreign and home, for flowers, and for fruits more par- ticularly. J. Hayes : I have been over Mr. Paul's grounds ; could not give a yearly value ; at times I have lost the whole of my glass. J. B. Slade, clerk to Protheroe & Morris : I know cases of property let with greenhouses on seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years' lease, the tenant to repair, and with the option of the tenant to continue. We do not let many properties on such leases ; we cannot get tenants. Think we have let five or six the last two years. (Cross-examined) : We are the only firm that let nur- series. We have some on our books four years. Do not know that .^150 for 32 acres with a lot of glass would be cheap ; it would all depend on what the greenhouses were. This was appellant's case. Mr. Castle, in opening respondents' case, said the case was first brought as a kind of test case to decide whether greenhouses were part of the ratable buildings, and instead of having to fight that, he was met with the allega- tion that the greenhouses being assessable the valuation was excessive. He contended that the evidence of Mr. Morris and Mr. Paul was not sufficient to alter the valua- tion, and that the appellants had not shown that ^5 an acre for the land was too much. The respondents' esti- mate of the value was ;£'29oo. Mr. W. H. B. Castle, Fellow of the Surveyors' Institute, said he had valued important horticultural properties ; had valued all the nurseries in Edmonton Union ; valued Mr. Paul's at ;^2944 ; he valued the greenhouses by ascertaining the cubic contents, 126,000 odd, and the land at ^5 an acre, on experience gained in going through the Union. — (By Lord Sahsbury) : Cheshunt was some of the most northern part of the Union, and least valuable. (Cross-examined) : He had been employed to value the railways, gasworks, waterworks, and greenhouses in the Union, and he valued the land appertaining to the greenhouses ; he was paid a commission on the value sustained before the Assessment Committee ; believed his valuation of some of Mr. Geo. Paul's land was reduced by the Assessment Committee ; did not know that he put the value at ^702, and the Committee reduced it to ^^577. Mr. Tudgey's land, which was close to Mr. W. Paul's, was valued at more than ;^5 ; it was rated at j^io5 nett, and consisted of glass, glass- houses, and i a. 3 r. 24 p. ; he valued it ; did not think Mr. Tudgey had appealed. The Court asked whether Mr. Paul's books could be got at in order to ascertain the rent that Mr. Paul put on his premises in his partnership account with his son. Mr. D. Walker said the books were not there. Mr. Paul, Jun., was called, but could not say how much rent was charged. Mr. Edwin Fox, senior partner in the well-known firm of Fox & Bousfield, Gresham Street, City, said he had been in practice many years, and knew something of the description of property in question. Mr. Paul's land, considering its state of cultivation, was worth £$ an acre to any one ; and as far as the freehold value was con- cerned they would not get land with a frontage to the high road for less than from ^100 to ;^i5o an acre. _^2944 was a fair valuation. Mr. Castle again addressed the Court. Mr. D. Walker replied, and, amongst other things, contended that £4 an acre was ample for the land. The Justices retired. On their return. Lord Salisbury, chairman, said : The Bench has fixed the ratable value of the holding at ;^25o. The Court ordered the rate to be amended accordingly, and costs follow the event. 46 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 14, 1883. i\\\[\ IJotcfi and |kaninp. Work in the Houses. — In the East Indian- house most of the early blooming Aerides will now be over, and there will be nothing to prevent giving the plants a full supply of atmospheric moisture. Where a high development is expected among the epiphytal Orchids, such as the occupants of this house, the state of the atmosphere at this season is most im- portant. During bright weather this house will require damping down several times daily, and a good supply of moisture must be maintained during the night. For giving off a constant supply of moisture nothing is better than a good bed of cocoa-fibre or decayed leaves, placed under the stages and in out-of- the-way places in the house. These beds, kept con- stantly damp, will prevent the plants from suffering from aridity of atmosphere, even during the brightest weather. With this abundant humidity it is neces- sary to ventilate freely — in fact, the house should never be entirely closed, night or day, as nothing is more injurious than a damp, stagnant atmo- sphere. A very slight degree of ventilation will keep the air of the house in motion, and this is a very necessary condition during the growing season, as growths made in houses insufficiently ventilated seldom last long, and soon become a prey to spot or some other disease. This treatment with the fullest possible light — short of direct sunshine — will give good growths with firm tissues, almost equa to plants growing in their native habitats, where they are always under the beneficial influence of gentle breezes, and sometimes to winds of great fury, which no doubt greatly assist in ripening the growths, and bringing the plants into a condition to stand vicissi- tudes of temperature. All the Aerides after flowering should be carefully sponged over, as where the flower- spikes have come in contact with the foliage they generally leave a glutinous substance on the leaves, and this, by stopping up the pores, rnay, if left long on the plant, lead to decay. The late summer bloomers, such as A. quinquevulnerum and A. suavissimum, will be pushing out their spikes, and should be encouraged with a little extra moisture. The late flowering Saccolabium Blumei and S. Blumei majus will also be in similar condition to the above, and the flower-spikes of this plant should be guarded from the attacks of insects. The Phala?nopsis will now be growing freely, and will take very liberal supplies of water at the roots— especially if the material about their roots is thoroughly porous, which it always should be — when there will be little danger of overdoing them at this season. Any flower-spikes that may appear while the plants are making growth must be removed, so that the whole root force will be concentrated in the development of healthy leaves. Keep these plants as near the light as is consistent with safety, and watch carefully that no thrips or other insects get into the heart of the plants, as if once they get a footing they are difficult to eradicate. A very moist atmosphere is a necessity and a constant gentle current of air should always be maintained around them, to render the growths firm and lasting. The Stanhopeas will now be in season, and after flowering any that need rebasketing may be seen to early. It is necessary to keep the drainage of these very open so that as little obstruction as possible be given to the spikes as they descend from the base of the bulbs. A compost of fibry peat and charcoal will suit them, surfacing over with clean sphagnum moss. Some of the late flowering Dendrobes, such as D. moschatum and D. clavatum, will be starting into growth, and as they are free rooters they soon fill out and require more root-run. These strong growing Dendrobes will do best in fibry peat and potsherds, and as they require abundance of water while growing a liberal allowance of drainage must be placed under them, and the plants be put in strong heat so as to get the growths as forward as possible before the days get short. J. Roberts, Gun- nersbury Park Gardens, Cyprtpedium macrantiium.— I have read Mr. Goldring's excellent article on Cypripediums (p. 755, vol. xix. ), and I hope derived some benefit. We all (I, certainly) want to grow successfully the hardy varieties, and gather hints from all quarters. I send you some extracts from my note-book as to the culture of C, macranlhum. Mr. Golding says, " C. macranthum and its near neighbour ventricosum are the most difficult to deal with in gardens ; but this difiliculty arises no doubt from placing the plants in moist peaty bogs, whereas they require to be treated similarly to C. calceolus," i.e., " in stiff loamy soil mixed with limestone." Referring to my note-book I find, in reference to C. macranthum, " Grows well in boggy soil near the river, where it gets flooded in winter and spring." This is an extract from a letter received from those most successful cultivators, the New Plant and Bulb Company, Colchester. Again, as to C. calceolus, Mr. Goldring says, "stiff loamy soil mixed with limestone ; " but a very recent note (I have lost the authority, but I think I took it from the Gardeners^ Chronicle) says, *'it grows best in almost pure sand." I could give many similar instances of the discrepancy in the system of culture, &c., com- mended by different persons, and the plants are far too expensive to experiment on. We want some one who actually manages- them from year to year to give precise notes as to his practice. I have no diffi- culty whatever with C. spectabile, and can grow it well (at least, I suppose so, as I had a Cultural Com- mendation from the Royal Horticultural Society) ; but all the others, excepting C. pubescens and C. calciolus, are simply unmanageable. Any further hints from really successful growers would much oblige. A, R. Vanda teres. — I send you a few blooms of a Vanda teres that is just waning. The plant was gorgeous when in full beauty ; with the pot it measured upwards of 4 feet high and about 3 feet through, and carried from 250 to 260 flowers, in some instances six on a stem. Being fond of Vanda teres I have grown two to four plants for the last twenty years, but never had one in such grand bloom as this. Strange to say, the circumstances of growth have been of the simplest character, no coddling or extra attention. The plant has been in a small, close, hot, moist stove for about twelve months — a house principally devoted to East Indian Orchids, such as Dendrobiums, &c. I have another large plant which I exhibited a few years ago at one of our Whitsuntide exhibitions, and it obtained universal admiration though it only carried about forty flowers. This I presume is the Andersoni variety which Mr. Williams in his Orchid Growers^ Manual says is a more free- flowering variety. jfos. Broome, Wood Lawn, Didsbury. [The true Vanda teres. Ed.] Saccolabium Berkeleyi, Rchb. f. — This beauti- ful Saccolabium has flowered for the first time in England in Lieut. -Colonel Berkeley's collection. The flowers are large, more loosely placed on the stem than is customary in the genus, and the flowers white and very regularly striped with amethyst. Cypripedium ciliolare. — This recent introduc- tion is described in the Gard. Chron., vol. xviii., p. 48S, as closely allied to C. superbiens, and a very ornamental one of its class. As to its handsome and decorative character there is no uncertainly, and every collection of any pretensions ought to include it. The standard or upper sepal is traversed longitudi- nally with green veins on a white ground suffused with purple, while the oblong lanceolate purple petals are closely spotted with black on the lower half, and strongly ciliate on both margins with black hairs. The labellum, generally the least attractively coloured, is here dull purple, and covered all over with a short pubescence. These characters, together with the pale green spotted leaves, and coupled with the long lasting properties of the flowers, constitute the species a valuable one for garden purposes. It has been flowering for some time in the Kew collection. Mr. Leech's Orchids, Fallowfield, Man- chester.— It is a pleasure to see a collection of Orchids where the proverbially most difficult to man- age East Indian section, Aerides especially, are in a rude healthy condition, the plants keeping on thriving with perfect foliage free from spot or blemish, remain- ing on the plants so as to clothe their stems down to the pots. Such is the condition of the large number of these plants which this collection contains, and which collectively are models of successful cultiva- tion. Of A. Fielding!, which more than many kinds is liable to spot in the leaves, there are quantities with the foliage as perfect as it could possibly be, and literally loaded with their long branching spikes ; there are several dozen examples of A, Lobbii in similar condition ; some of the strongest spikes measured, a few weeks ago, as much as 35 inches, with two or three branches each, and had not reached their ful length. A. Dayanum, A, Warneri, A. nobile Rucker's variety ; A. suavissimum, A. crispum, and the beautiful A. crassifolium, the last one of the finest of all the species, and, like the rest, was blooming freely. One side of a good sized span- roofed house is filled with these plants, and it does one's eyes good to look upon them when it is no unusual thing to hear of people giving up growing East Indian Orchids on account of their not doing so well as the cooler kinds. Naturally free flowerers — as most of the species are — they bear more as well as larger spikes when in a vigorous and healthy state, such as the plants assume when the treatment they receive is of a kind to bring out their true character ; the result being that they bloom without any of the over-drying punishing winter treatment, which, if even carried so far as to cause the bottom leaves to pre- maturely fall off, will not induce the plants to more than produce an unsatisfactory amount of flower. In an adjoining house, principally occupied by Cattleyas and Laelias, the plants are in equally satisfactory order, with big stout bulbs and leaves to match, free from speck or spot. The collection is particularly rich in C. Warneri, and others of the leading kinds ; a remarkable plant of C. Mendeli had some seven very strong spikes coming on. Amongst Dendrobiums is D. Falconeri, one of the best flowered examples I have seen, the flowers large and highly coloured ; D. album, D. thrysiflorum, several plants bearing from a dozen to seventeen spikes ; D. chrysotoxum, a fine form, with ten spikes coming on. Whatever simi- larity there may be in the flowers of Mr. Swan's hybrid Dendrobium Leechianum to those of D. Ains- worthii the habit of the plants is very different, differ- ing still more as they get older, and show more of their true character. The cool division, including Masdevallias and Odontoglots are in equally fine order. Amongst numbers of the latter in bloom were O. Coradinei, deep primrose ground, with purplish- brown spots on sepals, petals, and lip ; and one or two other supposed natural hybrids, as yet little known. Cypripediums thrive like weeds. The col- lection contains most of the best representatives of the genus, a good many of the spring-flowering kinds being in bloom. Disa grandiflora grows with Mr. Swan in a way that makes its flowering profusely a certainty. The plants are as thick and stout in their stems as Lilies growing in the open air, and are kept quite cool and soaked with moisture regularly whilst growing. Cypripedium spectabile.— In Sir William Mar- riott's garden, at Down House, Blandford, there is a clump of this Orchid, bearing thirty spikes of flowers, seven with single flowers, and twenty-three with two flowers on each spike, making in all fifty- three flowers. The original plant was put out in the herbaceous garden about nine years ago ; all the pro- tection it has had since has been a few leaves shaken over the crown late in the autumn. It increases in size very fast. ctius 0f J00I1S. Traiti de Botanique Medicale. — M. Baillon has added to his already voluminous publications by the issue of a treatise on medical botany, which com- prises a summary of the conformation and physiology of plants, to be followed in the next part by a description of the plants interesting to the medical man. The book is copiously illustrated with excellent woodcuts, many of which have done duty before in the author's other works. The sections relating to organography and physiology are treated solely with reference to the needs of medical students, and are not intended as full expositions of the subject. Jahrbuch Jes Roniglicken Botanischen Gar/ens zu Berlin.— The Year-Book of the Berlin Botanic Garden, published under the editorship of Drs. Eichler and Garcke, contains a detailed monograph of the Turnerace^i, by Dr. Urban, who also contri- butes a memoir on the biology and morphology of RutaceK ; a paper on the nature of the Andro^cium of MalvaceEe, by Dr. SchriJter ; on the exudation of liquid water from the leaves of plants, by Dr. Volkens ; on the Pomaceje, by M. Wenzig — the list of which is apparently incomplete. Dr. Garcke gives a list of Hildebrand's Malvaceae. Familiar Wild Flowers and Familiar Garden Flowers (Cassell) go on in their accustomed course, with pretty illustrations and interesting texts. The initial letters are particularly good. July 14, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 47 |M \^4i |pil |iii'(Iwanley Blue. To Messrs. Cannell «& Sons, for Ivy-leaved Pelargo- nium Abel Carricre. To Messrs. James Carter & Co., for Lobelia speciosa Prima Donna. To Messrs. James Carter & Co., for Nemophila ato- maria atro-ccerulea. To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Lilium Bloomerianura occel- latum. To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Milla biflora. To Mr. W. Bealby, for Begonia Goliath. To G. F. Wilson, Esq., for Lilium Szovitzianum pal- lidum. To Mr. H. James, for Lobelia Florie Wood. Cultural Comvicndati'j7i. To Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., or Grammatophyllum Ellisii. Fruit Committee. —Present : H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. P. Crowley, G. Bunyard, A. W. Sutton, F. Rutland, and R. D. Blackmore. Mr. Carmichael, gr. to J. Porteus Oakes, Esq., Now- ton Court, Bury St. Edmund's, exhibited a seedling Melon, Captain Larks, weighing 7 lb., oval in shape, ribbed, scarlet-fleshed, and good in flavour ; also a dish of Bellegarde Peaches, large and even in size, and superbly coloured, for which he received a Cul- tural Commendation. Mr. W. Fitt, The Gardens, ^assiobury, sent some fine examples of a seedling Strawberry, large in size, and of a rich deep crimson colour ;" another seedling Strawberry was also shown by Mr. E. Whitehouse, of Kidderminster, but neither gained any award. A white-fleshed seedling Melon, named Oatlands Superb, came from Mr. Franks, of Weybridge ; and Mr. Gilbert sent from Burghley a fruit of his green-fleshed Burghley Pet Melon, which was certificated last year, and which well maintains its high character. A large, oval-shaped, ribbed, and white-fleshed variety, named Graaf Reinette, came from Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son, of Exeter ; and a large, heavily netted, green-fleshed, and well-flavoured variety, named Chalfont Favourite, was exhibited by Mr. Herrin, gr. to C. N. Hibbert, Esq. A collection of forty-five named sorts of Cabbage Lettuces came from the trial grounds of the Messrs. Veitch, at Langley. Crystal Palace Rose Show : July 7.— This large annual show of Roses took place on Saturday last, the weather assisting in a great degree to make it a very successful gathering. The Roses, too, were as good as we may expect to see them this season, the slightly cloudy weather of the few previous days helping materially to preserve their colours, form, and fresliness. The usual trade competitors at metropolitan shows were again to the fore, as were also the leading growers amongst the amateurs. In the larger classes in the two main divi- sions the blooms staged were very good, and the competition generally keen, and lengthy were the con- sultations of the judges over some of them ere their decisions were given. Meanwhile the public were anxiously awaiting admittance within the barriers, audit was comparatively late ere the work of the judges was completed and the public inspection began. In the nurserymen's class for seventy-two blooms, Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, won the 1st prize, with excellent blooms of Countess of Roscbery, Prince Arthur, Marie Finger, Merveille de Lyon, Antoine Ducher, Marie Van Houtte.CharlesDarwin.Niphetos, Captain Christy, Nardy Freres, Charles Lefebvre, Marguerite de St. Amand, Leon Renault, Pride of Waltham, &c. The 2d prize fell to Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, who had amongst other beautiful blooms grand specimens of Horace Vernet, Rubens, Pene- lope Mayo, Pauline Talbot, Abel Carricre, Mdme. Hip- polyte Jamain, Sir Garnet Wolseley, and Fisher Holmes. Mr. Chas. Turner was 3d, and in his stands were good flowers of Elie Morel, Etienne Levet, Annie Laxton, Mrs. H. Turner, Mar^chal Niel, and Comtesse Riza du Pare. In the class for forty-eight varieties, three trusses of each, Messrs. Paul & Son were again the winners of the ist prize, showing capital blooms of Julie Touvais, Ferdinand Chaffoltc, Beauty of Waltham, Marie Bau- mann, Marie Wood, La France, Prince Arthur, Alfred Colomb, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, and Countess of Oxford, The Cranston Nursery and Seed Company, Hereford, who showed very tine examples of Mary Pochin, Monsieur E. Y. Teas, A. K. Williams, Madame Lacharme, and Mdllc. Julie Dymonier were 2d ; and Messrs. Keynes & Co., Salisbury, were 3d. In the competition for twenty-four varieties, three trusses of each, Messrs, feffcries & Sons, Cirencester, were ist, liaving beautiful blooms of Magna Charta, Marguerite de St. Amand, Egerie, Marie Verdier, Edouard Morren, Camille Bernardin, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, and others ; Mr. John House, Eastgate Nurseries, Peter- borough, came in 2d, in his stand being good flowers of L'harles Leftbvre, Charles Darwin, Fraufoise Michelon, Exposition de Brie, t&c. ; Mr. F. Cant, Mile End Nur- series, Colchester, came in 3d. In the class for twenty- four varieties, one truss of each, Mr. F. Cant was ist, with good examples of Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Cap- tain Christy, A. K. Williams, Abel Carricre, La Boule d'Or, and Baronne de Rothschild, &c. Mr. John Mat- tock, New Headington, Oxon, took the 3d prize, no 2d being awarded. For twelve Tea-scented sorts, Messrs. James Mitchell & Son, Pilt Down Nurseries, Sussex, were ist, showing very fine examples of Madame Wilier- nioz. Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Souvenir de Paul NtSron, Jean Ducher, Comte de Paris, Niphetos, and Rubens. Mr. B. R. Cant was 2d, with good specimens of Devoniensis, Mardchal Niel, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Innocente Pirola ; and Mr. George Prince, Oxford, was 4th. In the amateurs' class for forty-eight, distinct varieties, single trusses, the ist prize went to A. Slaughter, Esq., Steyning. This very successful amateur had fine blooms of Black Prince, Annie Wood, Pierre Netting, Baronne de Rothschild, Madame Sertot, Duke of Wellington, Belle Lyonnaise, Eloile de Lyon, Lord Macaulay, Alfred Colomb, Innocente Pirola, and Prince Camille de Rohan, &c. E. R. Whitwell, Esq., Barton Hall, Dar- lington, came in 2d, with good examples of Horace Vernet, Prince Arthur, and Prince Camille de Rohan; and Mr. John Grant, Hope End, Ledbury, was 3d ; Mr. C. Davis, the Grammar School, Aynhoe, Banbury, being Highly Commended. Mr. John Tark and Mr. George Endicott had also very nice stands. In the class for thirty-six varieties, distinct, single trusses, J. Sargant, Esq., of Reigate, came in ist, showing excellent examples of good cultivation in Le Havre, Baron de Bonstettin. Camille Bernardin, A. K. Williams, Alfred Colomb, Dr. Andry, Fisher Holmes, and Prince de Portia. The 2d prize went to Mr. W. Harrington, gr. to — Mitchell, Esq., '.Corbet's Tey, who hadsomecapitalblooms notably of EdouardMorren.Mons. Boncenne, Mons. E. Y. Teas, and Emily Hausburg. 3d, Mr. J. Ridout, gr. to T. B. Hey wood, Esq., Reigate. For iwenty-four varieties, distinct, three trusses of each, Mr. W. J. Grant, Ledbury, was ist, amongst his blooms being good examples of Prince Arthur, Madame Sophie Fropot, Beauty of Waltham, Madame Therese Levet, Marquis de Castellane, and Madame Hippolyte Jamain. Mr. C. Davis, the Grammar School, Aynhoe, was 2d, with very good blooms of Xavier Olibo, Exposition de Brie, and Egerie, &c. 3d, John HoUingsworth, Esq., Turkey Court, Maidstone. In tiie class for twelve varieties, distinct, three trusses of each, the ist prize went to the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Round House, Havering-atte- Bower, in whose boxes were very fine blooms of Baronne de Rothschild, Beauty of Waltham, Exposi- tion de Brie, and Horace Vernet. 2d, Mr. M. Teed, Bungalow Road, Exeter. 3d, Mr. G. Mount, Harbles- down, Canterbury. In this class the following exhibitors also staged good lots : — Miss Watson Taylor, Heading- ton, Oxon ; Mr. Varnel, Brookfield, Rugby; Mr. Girdles- tone, Sunningdale ; and Mr. Bethune, Durne Park. In the class for twelve Tea-scented and Noisettes, three trusses of each, the ist prize was won by the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, whose box contained beautiful trusses of Anna Olivier, Madame Margottin, Marie Van Houtte, Souvenir de Madame Pernet, R6ve d'Or, Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, and Caroline Kuster ; 2d, Alfred Slaughter, Esq. ; 3d, Mr. Charles Davis. Open Classes. — In the competition for eighteen trusses of Marechal Niel, Mr. W. Farren, How House Nur- series. Cambridge, was isl ; Mr. B. R. Cant 2d, and Messrs. J. Mitchell & Sons 3d. In the class for eighteen trusses of any kind of Noisette or Tea Rose, Messrs. Keynes were ist with very fine, fresh-looking Niphetos ; 2d, Mr. G. Prince, with capital blooms of Jean Ducher ; 3d, Mr. B. Cant, for Innocente Pirola. For eighteen trusses of Marie Baumann, or a similar-coloured Rose, Mr. C. Turner was 1st with A. K. Williams ; Mr. G. Prince 2d with Marie Baumann ; and Messrs. Paul & Son. Cheshunt, 3d, with the same kind. For eighteen trusses of Prince Camille de Rohan, or a similar coloured Rose. Messrs. Paul & Son were ist with a grand box of Abel Carricre ; 2d, The Cranston Nursery Company with the same sort ; no 3d was awarded. For eighteen trusses of Fran9oise Michelon, or a similar-coloured Rose, The Cranston Nursery Company came in ist with fine Fran- 9oise Michelon ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, for Etienne Levet ; 3d, Mr. B. R. Cant, for the same kind. For eighteen blooms of Captain Christy, or a similarly coloured variety Mr. G. Prince was ist with Captain Christy, Mr. W. Farren 2d with La France, The Crans- ton Nursery Company 3d with Duchesse de Vallombrosa. Beautiful lots were put up for the competition in yellow Roses, three trussesofeach ; Messrs. Paul&Son, Cheshunt, were ist, having Caroline Kuster, Jean Ducher, Perle des Jardins, Anna Olivier, Belle Lyonnaise, Marie Van Houtte, Marechal Niel, and Mons. Furtado ; 2d, Mr. Cant ; 3d, Mr. G. Prince. In the open class for white Roses, three trusses of each, Mr. G. Prince, who had line blooms of Alba rosea, Niphetos, Innocente Pirola, Madame Willermoz, and ^^adame Jamain, was ist ; 2d, Mr. Cant ; 3d, Mr. W. Rumsey, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham Cross ; Messrs. Paul & Son were Commended. In the open class for pink Roses the ist prize went to Mr. Cant, in whose lot were some beautiful blooms of William Warden, Elic Morel, Mons. Noman, and Mar- guerite de St. Amand ; 2d, The Cranston Nursery Company; 3d, Mr. II. Ucnnett. For collections of crimson fioses, three trusses of each. — ist, Mr. Cant, with fine flowers of A. K. Williams, Marie Baumann, Alfred Colomb, GerK^r.al Jacqueminot, Mrs. Laxton, and Fisher Holmes ; 2d, ^lessrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt ; 3d, Mr. W. Kumscy. For collections of velvety-crimson Roses, three trusses of each, Mr. Cant was 1st, in his box being excellent blooms of Xavier Ohbo. Abel Carricre, Prince Camille de Rohan, Reynolds Hole, and Horace Vernet ; 2d, Mr. W. Rumsey ; 3d, Messrs. Paul & Son. For the best new Rose not in commerce previous to 1880, of whicli twelve blooms were to be shown. — ist, Messrs. \\\\i\ &. Son, Cheshunt, with Pride of Waltham ; 2d, The Cr.inston Nursery Company, with Julie Dy- monier ; 3d, not awarded. For a collection of twelve new Roses, not in commerce previous to 1880, three trusses of each. The Cranston Nursery Company came in ist, with grand blooms of Mons. Alfred Dumesnil, Julie Dymonier, and Pride of Waltham, &c. ; 2d, Messrs. Paul &. Son, Cheshunt, with fine-grown flowers of White Baroness, Brightness of Cheshunt, and Mrs. Jowitt. In the class tor hybrid Teas there were no entries. For new Rose, Mary Bennett, a fine rose-coloured flower, Mr. H. Bennett, Shepperton, received a First-class Certificate. Messrs. Laing & Co. showed a nice representative collection of their hybrid Begonias, and were Highly Commended, as also were Mr. H. Bennett, for three boxes of Rose blooms ; Messrs, Cannell & Son, for cut flowers ; and Mr. G. Prince for Tea Roses. Messrs. T. Rivers & Son were Commended for lour dishes of luscious- looking Cherries from orchard-house trees, and also for Peaches from potted plants ; and Messrs. Hooper & Co. were Commended for a collection of cut blooms of bulbous plants. Rochester Horticultural : Jttly^. — The seventh annual exhibition of this Society took place in the pretty grounds of The Paddock, St. Margaret's, near to the Cathedral, and easily accessible from all parts of the city. One result of the show was to demonstrate the steady advance being made in the quality of the products from exhibitors. Stove and greenhouse plants were nicely shown by local growers ; the best six came from Mr. R. Phillips, gr. to Dr. Baber, who had good examples of Allamanda Henderson!, Bougainvillea glabra. Plumbago capensis, Anthurium Scherzerianum, Erica Caven- dishiana, and Vinca alba. Mr. Youseman had the best specimen, staging a good piece of Stephanotis flori- bunda ; Mr. Phillips coming in 2d with a good specimen of Oncidium flexuosum. Mr. Deuxbury, gr. to the Earl of Darnley, who with Mr. Phillips made the two leading exhibitors, had the best six fine-foliage plants, staging very good examples of Croton D'Israeli, C. Queen Victoria, Latania borbonica, Alocasia macrorhiza varie- gata, Pandanus Veitchii and Maranta zebrina ; 2d, Mr. A. Stevens, gr. to Mrs. Fletcher, who had Caladiura Prince Albert Edward in fine condition, Acalypha musaica, and Dracaena Fraseri as his best specimens. Mr. Deuxbury had the best six Ferns, several collections being shown. Zonal Pelargoniums, especially the double varieties, were very attractive, and tuberous-rooted Be- gonias were very creditable also. Mr. Phillips had the best arranged group of plants, showing considerable taste in the arrangement : and Mr. Deuxbury came in 2d. The best box ot twelve Roses camn from Messrs. G. Bunyard & Sons, Maidstone, nice fresh well coloured blooms, that were very attractive ; Mr. G. W. Piper, Uckfield, was 2d. Mr. R. L. Knight had the best twelve blooms in the amateurs' class. Other cut flowers included Pelargoniums, Sweet William, Bouquets, &c. Some excellent fruit was brought by Mr. Deuxbury from Cobham Hall Gardens. He was far away ist with eight dishes, having excellent Madresfield Court and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes,. Queen Pine, Royal George Peaches, Elruge Nectarines, Sir J. Paxton Straw- berries, Bigarreau Cherries, and Raspberries ; 2d, Mr. Phillips. Mr. Deuxbury had the best three bunches of White Grapes, staging very good Foster's Seedling ; 2d, Mr. Youseman, with the same variety. Duke of Buc- clench and Muscat of Alexandria were also shown in this class. Mr. A. Bindur had the best three bunches of Black Hamburghs, staging nicely finished examples ; Mr. R. Phillips being 2d. Vegetables were capitally shown. In the class for twelve varieties Mr. R, Phillips staged an excellent lot, consisting of Seville Longpod Beans, Perfection Tomatos, Artichokes, Telephone Peas, Early Nantes Carrot, Onions, Cauliflowers, Potatos, &c. ; 2d, Mr. A. Stevens, with a good lot also ; Mr. F. Deuxbury had the best six varieties ; Mr. W. Richardson being 2d. While this exhibition grows steadily in importance and extent, it does not appear to receive that amount of support from the citizens it so well deserves, and there is generally, even when fine weather prevails, as it did on this occasion, a small deficit. Let us hope this will soon be changed into a balance on the right side. Norwood Amateur Floral Society : July ^, — This is one of many suburban horticultural societies that have sprung up round London of late years ; and being well managed, it is now a decided success. This exhi- bition was held in the grounds of Werndee Hall, the residence of Mrs. Miller, close to Norwood Junction. One remarkable feature was the number of table decorations produced, for though there were only two prizes of nominal value in each class, yet there were six tables laid out in each, each table 9 by 3J feet, and most of them showed an educated taste in the arrangement. The best, arranged with ordinary flowers, came from Miss 56 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [July 14, 1883, M. S. Stanley, Anerley ; Miss Phillips, White Horse Lane, being 2d ; and an extra prize was awarded to Miss A. H. Lellyett. The best arrangement in wild flowers in glasses came from Miss Minnie Berney, Mr. Castle Turner being 2d ; and an extra prize was awarded to Miss E. Hinton. Collections of wild flowers correctly named, baskets of flowers, bouquets, button-holes, &c., were all very attractive indeed. In addition there were some excellent cut Roses, and Mr. E. Mawley. of Addis- combe, one of the hon. secretaries of the National Rose Society, was in excellent form, being ist in several classes ; the Rev. W. Wilkes, M. Hodgson, Esq., and others showing well also. Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., Maid- stone, had several boxes of very nice fresh, well-coloured flowers, and were placed ist in the nurserymen's class for thirty-six varieties. In the plant tent there were some excellent groups arranged for effect. That arranged by the gardener to F. F. Lynch, Esq., was as near perfect as one could well desire; R. R. Hyatt, Esq., being 2d. In the open class Mr. H. James, nurseryman, had the best large group ; Mr. Thos. Butcher, South Norwood, being 2d. Some good Orchids were shown, the best six being staged by R. R. Hyatt, Esq., who had Masdevallia Harryana, Odontoglossum vexillarium, Phalsenopsis grandiflora, Cattleya Mossias, Oncidium arapliatummajus, and Cypri- pedium barbatum majus ; 2d, P. Crowley, Esq., who had very nicely formed specimens of Odontoglossum Alexandrae, Lselia purpurata, and Aerides Lobbii. Tuberous-rooted Begonias were a pretty feature, and they served to illustrate the fact that they have become great favourites for exhibition purposes. F. Mitchiner, Esq., was ist with eight plants, and they were well cultivated ; M. Hodgson, Esq., being 2d. There were some good Gloxinias also, especially a large group of charming seedlings from F. Wilt- shire, Esq. Ferns, foliage plants. Fuchsias, flowering plants were all of a pleasing character, while not including anything calling for special mention. There were some excellent Selaginellas from P. Crowley, Esq., a specimen of S. Kraussiana aurea being especially fine. This exhibitor was in strong force throughout the show, being ist also with six stove and greenhouse plants in flower, and also with six exotic Ferns. Messrs, |. Laing & Co., Stanstead Park Nursery, sent a miscel- laneous group of plants, other local nurserymen doing the same, and Mr. G. H. Cooper, Sydenham Road Nur- sery, contributed a stand of very pretty Petunias, both double and single, some of the fringed variety being especially attractive. Bath Rose Show: 7"6' 5* — The second annual Rose show held in this city in association with the National Rose Society took place in the Sydney Gardens, under the management of the Floral Ft^ie and Band Committee, the members of which deserve congratulation for their admirable arrangements, as well as for the successful result of their strenuous efforts to make this show, as it undoubtedly already is, one of the best and most repre- sentative Rose shows in the provinces. The numerous classes were all well filled, and, with one or two excep- tions, the most noted rosarians, both nurserymen and amateurs, were represented, the competition being in many instances unusually close and keen. Owing to the unfavourable weather in the spring, there was not per- haps quite that perfection of bloom on the whole of which the Rose is capable in the best seasons ; on the other hand, there was an entire absence of bad, and almost so of indifferent blooms, which in a show of such magnitude was extremely gratifying. Nurserymen's Classes. — For seventy-two distinct varieties, single trusses, The Cranston Nursery Com- pany, Hereford, were ist, their stands containing some choice and finely-developed blooms of the well-known popular sorts. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were 2d, their superb collection being scarcely inferior to the former, containing as it did many new varieties, although perhaps not quite so large in size of bloom, Messrs. Keynes & Co., Salisbury, were 3d, showing also some magnificent blooms ; and Messrs. John Jefferies & Sons, Cirencester ; Messrs. Parker & Sons, Bristol ; and Messrs. Curtis & Sandford, Torquay, also showed well in this class. In the class for thirty-six distinct varie- ties, three trusses of each, the successful exhibitors were placed In the same order of merit as in the ist class ; and in the competition for twenty-four distinct varieties, three trusses of each, The Cranston Nursery Company came in ist, Messrs. Keynes & Co. 2d, and Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., Torquay, 3d. The best twenty- four single trusses came from Mr. G. Prince, Oxford ; Messrs. G, Cooling & Son, Bath ; and Messrs. Cross & Steer, S.ilisbury, in the order named. In this class the competition was exceedingly close, the exhibits in each case being remarkably fine. In Messrs. Cross & Steer's collection the Alfred Colombs were grand, and the A. K. Williams in Mr. G. Prince's stand was a superb bloom, to which was awarded the Society's Silver Medal, as the finest H.P. in the whole exhibition ; and a similar award was also made to Messrs, Keynes & Co. or the best bloom, either Tea or Noisette, in the show — a magnificent Niphetos in this case gaining the coveted prize. With eighteen Teas or Noisettes Messrs. Paul & Son were ist, Mr. G. Prince 2d, and Mr, John Mattock, Oxford, 3d. In this class some splendid flowers were shown, Oxford being strongly represented. The prizes in the amateurs' class for thirty-six distinct varieties, single trusses, fell to Miss Watson Taylor, Manor House, 'Headingly (gr., Mr. F. Guerdon) ; Mr. T. B. Hall. Birkenhead ; and Mr. T. Hobbs, Bristol, in the order named ; while for twenty-four distinct varieties, single trusses, Mr. A. Evans was 1st, Mr. John Scott 2d, and Mr. W. Pethick 3d. Other awards were : — Twelve distinct varieties, three trusses of each — ist, Mr. T. B. Hall ; 2d, Miss Watson Taylor ; 3d, Mr. D. C. Powell. Six distinct varieties, three trusses of each. — Equal ist, Messrs. Evans and Scott ; 3d, Mr, W. Pethick. Six distinct vars., single trusses. — 1st, Mr. T. Tanner; 2d. Mr. H. F. Hooper ; 3d, Mr. H. Ball. In each of these classes were some splendid blooms, nearly, in some instances, superior in quality to those in the larger classes. Twelve Teas or Noisette, distinct vars., single trusses. — ist, Miss Watson Taylor ; 2d, Mr. T. B. Hall ; 3d, Mr. T. Hobbs. Six Teas or Noisettes, distinct varieties, single trusses. — ist, Mr. j. Hinton ; 2d, Mr. W. Narroway ; 3d, Mr. R. B, Cator. Twelve single trusses of any Rose. — ist, Mr. G. Prince, with a magnifient stand of Catherine Mermet ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son, with [a grand stand of Marie Baumann ; 3d, Messrs. J. Jefferies & Son.Jwith a neat stand of Cannes la Coquette. In this class were also shown excellent stands of Niphetos, La France, Mdlle. Marie Cointet, Alfred Colomb, and Baroness Rothschild. Twelye single trusses of any yellow Rose.— ist, Mr. George Prince, wilh a beautiful stand of Jean Ducher; 2d, Mr. J. Mattock, Oxford, with a good twelve of Marie Van Houtte. Twelve single trusses of any crimson Rose. — Messrs. Paul & Son and Mr. J. Prince equal ist, each with marvellous stands of A. K. Williams ; 3d, Messrs. Keynes & Co., with Duke of Edinburgh. In this class were some superb Roses, the Alfred Colomb shown by Messrs. Cross & Steer, also a grand strain of Marie Baumann, richly deserved abetter fate. Twelve single trusses of any pink Rose — ist, Messrs. J. Cooling & Son, with exquisite blooms of Madame GabrielleLuizet, the soft silvery radiance of which made it a most lovely and conspicuous object ; 2d, A. Evans, Esq. ; 3d, The Cranston Nursery Co., each with a stand of La France. In this class were also exhibited fine stands of Monsieur Noman and Marie Cointet. Six trusses of any new Rose of 1881 or 1882. — ist, Messrs. Paul & Son, with Madame Cusin, a Tea Rose of good form and substance, the colour rosy-purple, each petal having a yellow base gives it a novel and attractive appearance. 3d, The Cranston Nursery Co., with Violette Bowyer, H.R, the colour being somewhat washy and undecided. A basket of Teas, hybrid Teas, or Noisette. — These were not par- ticularly effective, the arrangement being somewhat heavy and devoid of relief, nor were the three-legged wicker stands particularly elegant. Local Prizes (Amateurs'). — Twenty-four distinct varieties, single trusses. — ist, Mr. S, P. Budd ; 2d, Mr. H. Cattley; 3d, Mr. T. Fluke. Twelve distinct varieties, single trusses.-— ist, Mr. R. B. Cator, Bath ; 2d, Mr. J. Stuckey, Bath. Six distinct varieties, single trusses. — ist, Mr. W. Meddick ; 2d, the Rev. C. C. Layard. Nine Teas or Noisettes, single trusses. — 1st, Mr. H. Cattley; 2d, Mr. R. B. Cator ; 3d, Mr. T. Jolly. Bath is noto- rious for amateur Rose growers, and on this occasion they fully sustained their reputation by their splendid productions. Liberal prizes were also offered for bouquets of Roses suitable for the hand ; some of the exhibits were exceedingly pretty, but in most instances, if more relief either with foliage or Fern had been given, they would have been much more effective. Strawberries were also exhibted in splendid condition, for which Bath is particularly noted ; also the orna- mental foliaged plants and Ferns arranged along the centre of the tents, afforded a pleasing relief to the eye after gazing on such glowing colours. At one end of the principal tent were very tastefully arranged, in shallow baskets with moss, a fine display of Roses and decorative plants, not for competition, by Messrs. G. Cooling & Son ; and at the opposite end Mr. G. Hooper, of Widcombe, Bath, exhibited a choice collection of Car- nations, Picotees, and Pansies, as well as a stand of a dark purple seedling Rose named Jerome Murch, the somewhat dingy colour of which, however, did not tell in its favour. In a separate tent, arranged under the auspices of the British Bee-keeper's Association, and presided over by Mr. S. J. Baldwin, of Bromley, Kent, was an excellent exhibition of the varied approved methods of housing bees. Experimental lectures were delivered and prac- tical illustrations given of the best means of "driving" bees from one hive to another at intervals throughout the day, and appeared to create great interest in the numerous visitors. duced, and comprised handsome well - grown and flowered plants. A large number of cut Roses were staged in several classes, but the dry hot weather had told on them, and many of the flowers soon went all abroad. From Thame Mr. John Walker brought an excellent lot of flowers. Mane Baumann, General Jacqueminot, old, but very fine ; Dupuy Jamain, Marie Finger, Alfred Colomb, Mons. Noman, Comtesse d'Oxford, Annie Wood, brilliant in colour ; Charles Lelebvre, Mar^chal Vaillant, Mabel Morris, John Hopper, Captain Christy, and Mdlle. Bonnaire, made up a capital lot of exhibition Roses. There were other cut flowers, but nothing claiming special mention. There was an excellent lot of fruit. The collection of twelve varieties shown by Mr. Robins, gr. to E. D. Lee, Esq., Hartwell House, was most praiseworthy. It con- sisted of excellent Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seed- ling Grapes, extra fine Noblesse Peaches, capital Grosse Mignonne and Royal George, also Lord Napier Nec- tarines, Melons, Strawberries, &c. 2d, C. Threlfal, Esq. Mr. Miles, the Gardens, Wycombe Abbey, Bucks, had the best two bunches of Grapes, one white and one black, staging capitally finished bunches of Madresfield Court and Foster's Seedling ; Mr, Shrimpton being 2d, wilh excellent bunches of Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling. Prizes were also offered for the best general collection of plants, fruits, and flowers, and the winning collection, which came from Mr. Roberts, Hartwell House, covered a great space, and included some forty varietiesof fruits— Grapes, Peaches, and Nectarines, being very fine. Fine weather, and a very large company, rewarded the efforts of the managers. Aylesbury Horticultural : July 5.— On the present occasion the show took place under canvas in some grounds close to the town, and it was generally felt to be a great improvement upon that held in the Corn Exchange ; and not only was a very attractive exhibition got together, but a very large number of people came together to see it, and some ;^i2o taken as gate-money. In order to attract the country people some athletic sports and a good band are provided, and they attract the rustics in great numbers. The principal contributor of plants was Mr. Shrimpton, gr. to Lady A. de Rothschild. He had the best six stove and greenhouse plants, among them a good example of Calanthe veratrifolia, with twenty-five spikes of bloom ; Mr. Moggs, gr. to H. Cazenove, Esq., being 2d. It would be much best if this class had the condition "in flower " appended to it, as the second collection of plants contained only one in flower. In the class for an un- limited collection of stove and greenhouse plants, a very fine group was staged by Mr. Shrimpton, which included many examples of fine quality ; 2d, C. Threlfal, Esq. (Mr. Moggs, gr.), who had a very good lot also. With six Ferns Mr. Shrimpton was again to the fore with very good plants of Adiantum Farleyense, Gymnogramma chrysophylla, &c. ; 2d, H. Cazenove, Esq. Some capital tuberous-rooted Begonias came from Mr. Threlfal, which did his gardener much credit ; and Mr. John De Fraine, a local nurseryman, had some capital zonal Pelargo- niums in two classes. Fuchsias were numerously pro* Highgate Horticultural : July 5,— This Society held its annual show this year at Holly Lodge, the Baroness Burdett-Coutts" beautiful old-fashioned place, the well kept grounds of which are in themselves no small attraction to the crowds of people who throng the tents and grounds whenever the exhibition is held there. On the present occasion we hear that nearly 20,000 persons visited the show. The display, both in quantity and quality, was quite equal to that of any previous occa- sion. The President, Mr. L. A. B. Burdett-Coutts, Esq., offered a number of prizes, amongst them being one for a competition of miscellaneous plants occupying a space of 60 square feet. For these Mr. Brooks, gr. to W. Reynolds, Esq. , Highgate, was ist ; Mr. Shepherd, gr. to Mrs. Horwood, 2d. For a collection of miscellaneous flowering plants, occupying a space not exceeding 40 square feet, Mr, Rundell was ist, and Mr. Welch, gr. to B. W. Smith, Esq., 2d. The Treasurer's (Mr. Cutbush's) prizes, for six Ericas in 13-inch pots, brought out only one competitor — ■ Mr. Eason, gr. to B. Noakes, Esq., Highgate, who took the 1st prize. For Mrs. Stedall's prizes for a group of flowering and fine-foliage plants arranged for effect there were a number of competitors, and Mr. Aldous, gr. to G. Heriot, Esq., Highgate, took the lead with a group in which several Orchids were introduced amongst the fine-leaved plants with good effect. Mr. McKinley gr. to C. Wright, Esq., Highgate, was a good 2d. For the prizes offered by W. Reynolds, Esq., for six Palms, there was a close contest, in which Mr. Sparkes came in ist with a handsome lot ; and Mr. Hodges, gr. to Mrs. Crossley, Highgate, was 2d. J. S. Law, Esq., offered prizes for tuberous Begonias, and the ist was well won by his own gardener, Mr. Tonge, with well flowered examples ; 2d, Mr. Osborne, gr. to J. N. Mappin, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate. For the prizes given by B. Noakes, Esq., for six Adiantums, there was also a close contest, in which Mr. Tubbs, gr. to B. W. Smith, Esq., took the lead, Mr. Osborne being 2d, and both staging good collections. Mrs. Wilkinson's prizes for twelve hardy Ferns were taken by Mr. Carter, gr. to W. Brown, Esq., North Finchley ; and Mr. Cowles, gr. to E. Fox, Esq., Finch ley. With six stove and greenhouse plants Mr. Osbom was easily ist, showing in a nicely flowered half-dozen the bright pink Erica Parmentieri rosea, E. Cavendishiana, and Kalosanthes coccinea ; Mr. Eason was 2d. In the class for six Orchids there was a very close run between Mr. Birse, gr. to J. H. Lermitte, Esq., Finchley, and Mr. Aldous, who took the prizes in the order named. The winning collection contained a beautifully bloomed plant of Odontoglossum vexillarium album, and O. vexillarium, both bearing remarkably fine flowers ; with the yellow Masdevallia Davisii, bearing some eighteen flowers ; and Cypripedium Stonei, nicely bloomed. In the 2d prize half-dozen was a well managed example of Dendrobium suavissimum and Masdevallia Harryana. For a single Orchid Mr. Birse had ist, with a nice speci- men of Odontoglossum vexillarium ; 2d, Mr. Aldous, staging Aerides virens. Single stove or greenhouse plant in flower. — ist, Mr. Eason, with a beautifully fresh and well bloomed Clero- dendron Balfourianum ; 2d, Mr. Birse, with Anthurium Scherzerianum. Fine-foliaged plants, as usual here, were in force, Mr. Tubbs taking the ist prize with a group of large plants, in which Kentia Fosteriana and Latania borbonica were in fine condition. Mr. Aldous, who was 2d, had, along wilh others, a nice example of Croton Prince of Wales and the variegated Phyllanthus nivosus, large and un- usually well managed, the white colouring in the leaves pure and prominent. For four fine-foliaged plants the competition was also keen, Mr. Archer, gr. to J. J. Griffin, Esq., Highbury Grange, being ist, and Mr. Williams, gr. to W. H. Wills, Esq., Hampstead, 2d. Wilh six Ferns Mr. Osborne took the lead, staging in a pretty group Neottopteris australasica and Davallia Mooreana ; 2d, Mr. Burnett, gr. to R. D. M. Littler, Jdly 14, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 57 Esq. For four Ferns Mr. Tubbs was ist, and Mr. Eason 2d. Mr. Burnett was ist for Fuchsias, with a nice half-dozen, better managed tlian these plants are often met with ; and with six large-fiowered Pelargoniums, and also with six fancies, Mr. Osborne took the ist prize, with well-flowered examples. Coleuses were amongst the best grown plants in the show, and in the half dozen with which Mr. Brooks was deservedly ist were .Sky Rocket, G. Simpson, and Mrs. G. Simpson, beautifully coloured ; 2d, Mr. Theobald, gr. to A. Goslett. Esq. Caladmms were very well shown, with large, stout, well-coloured leaves. Gloxinias were never so well and extensively grown or shown as at present. Roses were only moderately well exhibited, but miscellaneous cut flowers were plentiful. For the Baroness Burdett-Coutts' prize offered for a collection, Mr. Theobald was ist, and Mr. Shepherd 2d. Fruit was present in moderate quantity and nice con- dition. With a collection of six dishes Mr. Theob.ald took the ist prize, and Mr. Wilkinson, gr. to W. Webster, Esq., the 2d. For a miscellaneous collection of fruit, the prizes being offered by the President, Mr. Sparkes was ist, his best dishes being of black and white Grapes, Peaches, Cherries, and Strawberries. Black Grapes, as usual here, were well shown, and with three bunches Mr. Birse was ist, showing Black Hamburgh s well finished ; Mr. Sparkes was 2d. For three bunches of white Grapes Mr. May, gr. to T. Lodge. Esq.. was 1st with, for the time of year, creditable Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d, Mr. Birse, with Buckland Sweetwater in nice condition. Mr. Sparkes was ist with a good dish of Peaches ; Mr. Osborne 2d. With a Melon Mr. Cowles was ist, and Mr. Brooks 2d. The Baroness Burdett-Coutts offers a number of prizes for competition by ordinary members of the Society, and also cottagers and school children, and likewise tor cottage garden allotments, which, with the liberal encour- agement given by the Society to cottage and allotment holders, bring out an immense quantity of produce that by the high standard of cultivation displayed gives evidence of the excellent results of the encouragement thus held out. Groups of miscellaneous flowering and fineleaved- plants were shown by Mr. B. S. Williams, of the Victoria Nursery, and also by Messrs. Cutbush & Son, who had, in addition, a large collection of cut Roses, and also a beautiful group of Ivies tastefully shown in round wicker- work baskets. The collection contained from forty to filty varieties, comprising all the best kinds, and pre- senting much variety and beauty in form and colour. Woodbridge Horticultural : -fuly 5. — This Society held its annual exhibition in the Abbey Grounds, immediately adjoining the town, under very favourable auspices as regards the weather, which is almost always propitious on these occasions, for during twenty years or more I only remember one wet day ; and as the com- mittee work well together, and have a most energetic and enthusiastic secretary, they cannot be otherwise than successful, or the Society fail to be flourishing. This latter satisfactory state of things is, no doubt, in a great measure brought about by the hearty support of the neighbouring nobility and gentry in giving special prizes and patronising the show by their presence, and sending so many things from their well stocked gardens, by which, and the cordial good feeling existing among all, the public are attracted and the shillings roll into the coffers. There are some who think these horticul- tural gatherings do little or no good, but this very erro- neous idea can only be entertained by those who seldom attend, for one has but to see how earnestly nearly all the visitors scan the productions and discuss their merits, dwelling thereon with such interest till the passages in the tents become quite blocked and impassable. Wit- nessing this, as I have done again and again, any sceptic must be convinced that such meetings do unich to encourage and foster the art. which never would have risen to anything like the position it has now reached, nor would the love of gardening have taken such a hold of the people, whose tastes it improves and adds a hundredfold to their pleasures. The entries, though very numerous at Woodbridge. did not come up to the usual standard, and had it not been for Mr. Bethell, Sir Richard Wallace's able gardener, who more than keeps up the fame of Sudbourne Hall, the m.irquee tables would have been much thinner packed than they were, as two of the chief exhibitors of other years — E. Packard,' Esq., of Berkfield, and the Messrs. Gilbert, of Ipswich', were conspicuous by their absence. It would have takeii a strong opponent, however, to have beaten Mr. Bethell in the class for six stove and greenhouse plants, in which he was an easy winner, showing a very fine and well flowered Azalea Hendersoni and Clerodendron Balfour- ianum, Allamanda Hendersoni, Dipladenia bctoniensis, and Dracocephalum gracile. In the class for six stove and greenhouse plants in l2.inch pots, Mr. Bethell was again ist, with a highly meritorious lot, the whole being clean, and in the most perfect health ; and the same gentleman was also ist for the single specimen, carrying off the prize with a well- bloomed Diphdenia profusa. For four Caladiums, Mr. Bethell was again to the fore, having hugeplantsof Leplay, Mrs. Laing, Chanlini, and Mrs. Lane, all with big, stout, well coloured leaves, that stood the air without flaggmg. In the class for the best collection of stove and green- house plants, arranged in a semicircle 12 feet by 4, Mr. Mill, gr. to Lord Rendlesham, was quite unapproachable, not only for the excellent taste displayed in setting them up, but for the great variety and intrinsic worth of the lot, among which were Anthurium Andreanum, Epiden- drum vitellinura, Cattleya superba, Odontoglossum Alexandras, and other good Orchids, with richly coloured Dracaenas and Crotons, together with small Palms and Amaryllis, the whole being interspersed and relieved by heads of Viirious kinds of Carnations, and the lovely I me white spikes of Tuberoses towering out above the Ir^^ht foliage of the Drachmas, thus giving the mass a very light and pleasing appearance. The next strongest competitor for honours in this part of the tent was Mr. Bethell. gr. to Sir Richard Wallace, who was 2d, with a very nice group ; and Mr. Jones 3d. There were several others very praiseworthy, and it is not too much to say that these several exhibits constilutcd one of the most interesting and atlr.K-live features of the show, as well as being of an instructive nature, by setting forth what may be done on a stage, or in furnishing and embellish- ing a house. For SIX plants for table decoration Mr. Bethell was again ist ; and in the classes lor Orchids Mr. Mill, gr. to Lord Rendlesham, carried all before him. In the list for fine-foliage plants Mr. Bethell took the lead with Croton angustifolius and C. Veitchii, well coloured ; Phicnix d.iclylifera, and Kentia Belmoreana. Fuchsias were not up to the usual mark, and the sorts consisted of such old favourites as Daniel Lambert, Rose of Castile, and Jules Andri?, which, except in h.ahit, will not compare with others now out. One great attraction in the exhibition was the collection of tuberous Begonias contributed by Mr. Keen, gr. to Mrs. Sheppard, of Campsey Ashe, whose superb strain has been noticed on several occasions in the Ganteiiers Chronicle before ; and standing, as the numerous pl.ants did, beside a lot more, in competition for the same special prize, they mide the others look weedy and poor by comparison, so magnificent were they in the size and colouring of their fine substanced flowers. Several of the white were re- mnrkable, not only for size but exceeding purity, and Mr. Keen is certainly to be congratulated on raising such a capital lot. In the cut flower department the Rev. H. A. Berners, of Harkstead, a most enthusiastic rosarian, scored a great success in having carried off all the ist prizes in every class, beating the champion growers in the twenty- fours with a stand of splendid blooms, chief among which were Adam, Souvenir d'Elise, Francpoise Michelon, Marie Finger and Duke of Edinburgh. Mr. B. Cant's collection contained some grand flowers, but by bad travelling, or some other cause, they had not that fresh- ness and finish which were the characteristic points of the others. In the Teas the rev. gentleman referred to was also well ahead, and Mr. Bethell. gr. to Sir Richard Wallace, h id a good stand, but as there were three hybrids the judges ignored it and awarded an extra, which it highly deserved. The show of herbaceous flowers was an exceedingly good one, but the way many exhibitors have of putting them up, in close bunches, crowded together on small stands, is not the best for displaying them, as w£is plainly exemphfied by Mr. Bethell, in the lot he contributed, which were placed in tall j-ars with the stems fixtd in moss, to keep them upright and in position, and as they had plenty of room they could be seen to the greatest advantage, and looked .nlmost as natural as they do in the borders when growing. Good as these were they were beaten by the Messrs. Gilbert's twenty-four sorts, the finest and showiest among which were the Alstrome- ria aurea. A. rosea. Delphinium Brilliant, Iris Queen Victoria, Dianthus Maiie Pare, Centaurea monla'na, a fine Large loose white Galega persica alba. Gladiolus Ne Plus Ultra, Orchis loliosa. and Dictammis Fraxinella. The stands of wild flowers for table decoration dis- played most exquisite taste, especially that contributed by Miss Slidolph, who had many choice and rare things, and which she so lightly and artistically arranged that they almost eclipsed the hothouse exotics: and the same may be said of Miss Hayward's. In the special class competing for the prize offered by the Duke of Hamilton for a stand of fruit and flowers combined, Mr. Keen, gr. to Mrs. Sheppard, was ist ; and Mr. Eden, gr. to Lord Stradbroke, a very close 2d. For bridal bouquet Mr. Bethell was ist. the chief flowers in it being Stephanotis and Pancratium fragrans, the form and purity of the latter being very telling for such kind of work. The 2d prize fell to Mr. Eden, whose was nearly equally good. The ball-room bouquets had to be competed for by ladies, and ist honours were won by Miss Bethell, the 2d falling to the lot of Mrs. Keene. Fruit was staged in grand style. In the collection of eight dishes, in which Mr. Bethell outdistanced all others by his fine exhibit of splendid Black Hamburgh Grapes, large and close in the bunch, and the well finished Melon, Peaches, and Nectarines were also greatly admired. In the class for Grapes, black and white, two bunches of each, Mr. Mill was a good ist ; and he also occupied the same proud position for three of Black Hamburgh, and was to the fore again with six Peaches. Strawberries were displayed in quantity, Mr. Mill taking 1st for a collection, and also the heaviest thirty-six, while the premier award for flavour went to Mr. Steam, of Ipswich, for a dish of fine Queens. Woodbridge show is noted for its vegetables, and this year there was no falling off, as the tables were all full to repletion. For the best collection Mr. Bethell, gr. to Sir Richard Wallace, was ist, and Mr. Crisp 2d. The season Is evidently suiting Potatos, as the tubers were not only very large and sound, but remarkably clear in the skin. J, Sheppard, Tunbridge Wells: "July 6.— On this occasion the Society was fortunate in having the best display of plants that it has been able to secure for some years, and this applies not only to the flowering and fine-leaved sections of large specimens, but especially to the smaller examples more generally in use for ordinary decorative purposes. In the open classes for eight flowering stove and greenhouse plants there were five competitors. Mr. Gilbert, of the Springfield Nursery, Marine Parade, Hastings, who staged a capital lot, was ist ; his pl.ants being all fresh, and well and evenly flowered. Con- spicuous amongst them was Allaniandagrandifloraand A. Hendersoni. both profusely flowered : Kalosanthes cocci- nca. highly coloured: Dipladenia amabilis. and Aphelexis macrantha rosea, quite fresh : .Mr. Tudgey, Exotic Nursery, Waltham Cross, was a good 2d, with a fresh well bloomed group, containing Erica ferruginea superba, All.amanda nobilis, the finest yellow of all the species of this favourite family ; and Ixora coccinea : Messrs. Jackson & Son, of Kingston, were 3d. Extra prizes in this class were also awarded to Mr. Kann, gr. to J. Warren, Esq., Handcross Park, Crawley, Sussex, and Mr. Pope, gr. to J. J. Barrow, Esq., Holmwood. In the class for four stove and and greenhouse plants, Messrs. Jackson exhibited a bright finely bloomed group including Allamanda cathartica, Dipladenia amabilis, Slatice profusa, and a beautiful example of Erica Davisoniana, one of Rollisson's latest seedlings, a grand Heath, with waxy white flowers a little smaller than those of E. obbata, but quite free from the objectionable glutinouscoalingwhich makes the flowers of this favourite variety so susceptible of catching dust, but which is of service to the flower by preventing the access of objec- tionable insects. Mr. Gilbert, who was 2d, had in a good lot a large and well flowered Statice imbricata. In the amateurs' division for six flowering stove and greenhouse plants, Mr. Pope took the lead with a creditable half-dozen, in which were nicely bloomed examples of Rollisson's variety of Ixora javanica, and a beaiiliful orange-flowered hybrid : Clerodendron Bal- fourianum, well flowered : and a very large Tabernsemon- tana coronaria flore-pleno. 2d, Mr. Jupp. gr. to J. Bolton, Esq., Eastbourne, with a nice collection in which was Bougainvillea glabra, with intensely-coloured flowers. With lour stove and greenhouse plants Mr. Pope was again ist, staging a well-bloomed medium-sized group. Fine-foliage plants were in great force. Mr. Rann easily took the ist honours in the open class for eight with one of the best collections we have ever seen him stage — large, fresh, healthy, and containing enough bright-coloured kinds to relieve the green-leaved speci- mens ; Croton Youngii, C. majesticus, Pandanus Veitchii, Pritchardia pacifica, and Livistonia rotundi- folia, one of the finest of the Fan-leaved Palms, were the most noticeable. Mr. Tudgey was 2d with an effective group, in which was a fine example of Kentia australis ; Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Pope were equal 3d. For six orna- mental plants (amateurs) Mr. Rann was again ist, staging a nice half-dozen, in which was a fine example of Phffinix tenuis and Croton Challenger, highly coloured. This variety belongs to the large-foliaged section, with very long, handsome leaves. 2d, Mr. Pope, who had a good half-dozen. Exotic Ferns were well shown by Mr. Pope, who took the ist prize in the open class for eight with large and well-managed examples, the best of which were Cyathea dealbata, C. medullaris, and Dicksonia antarctica For six Ferns, Mr. Johnson, gr. to the Marchioness of Cam- den, Bayham, came in ist, with a well-grown group, and Mr. Wilkins was 2d. Fuchsias were better managed than usually met with now ; and with six Mr. Shoebridge, gr. to W. Edwards, Esq, Tunbridge Wells, took the ist prize, having large examples clothed with plenty of healthy foliage, and full of flower: 2d, Mr. Turner, gr. to J. R. La Lacheur, Esq. , The Wilderness, Tunbridge Wells. It is getting too late to see large-flowered Pelargoniums at their best, but the half-dozen shown by Mr. Wilkins were good in foliage and well flowered. The same gentleman took the lead with six fancies. Zonals were nicely shown by Mr. Allan, gr. to J, Hanbury Field, Esq.. Ashurst Park, who had ist honours with six. Double zonals were about the best we have seen, literally covered with flowers, backed with good foliage, and not too stifily trained. For six, Mr. Wilkins had the ist, and Mr. Allan the 2d prize. With six Caladiums, Mr. Allan took the leaH, having much the smallest plants shown, but good and distinct kinds, beautifully coloured. Gloxinias were beautifully shown by Mr. Hollands, gr. to Mrs. Muggeridge, Tunbridge Wells, who took the ist prize with six : Mr. Read, gr. to Mrs. Cripps, Tun- bridge Wells, being a close 2d. The half-dozen Achi- menes with which Mr. H. Scammell, gr. to C. Reiley, Esq., The Priory, Tunbridge Wells, took the ist prize, showed how effective these often indifferently managed plants are when really well done, with stout, sturdy growth, and clothed with flowers as these were. The prizes offered for groups of plants arranged for effect brought out a good competition, which was very close, between Mr. Waterman, gr. to H. A. Brassey, Esq., Preston Hall, Aylesford, and Mr. Perkins, gr. to the Rev. V. R. Kinleside, Sunbury House, Tunbridge Wells, the former taking the lead with a faultless arrangement, in which form and colour had their due balance, the whole of the materials being selected, as they ever should be in competitions of this character, for their suitability rather than value or rarity ; 2d, Mr. Perkins : 3d, Mr. A. Bashford. Messrs. [ackson & Son had an extra prize awarded to them for a pretty group of miscellaneous plants ; and Mr. Perkins fur a group of Orchids : and Mr. Cooke, gr. to B. De Barry Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, likewise had an extra prize for Orchids, amongst which were well flowered examples of Dendrobiumchrysotoxum, Odontoglossum vexillarium, and Laslia purpurata. A nice group of miscellaneous flowering and fine-leaved plants was also contributed by Mr. Coleman, gr. to Mrs. Arthur Pott, Benlham Hill. Roses were plentiful and in fine condition. Messrs. Mitchell, Piltdown Nurseries, Uckfield, were well ist for forty-eight single blooms, their unrivalled Tea varieties here, as usual, standing out prominently. Amongst them were Innocente Pirola, Catherine Mermet, and 58 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 14, 1S83. Madame Willermoz. Of hybrid perpetuals in this stand the undermentioned were especially fine : — Constantin Treliakoff, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Madame Prosper Langier, Henri Ledechaux, La France, Louis Van H Jutte, Dul58 0 i4.o'63.o + 1.253,4 7' W.SW. 0 00 8 '9.70 —'0.1 1 76.0158.217.864.4+ 3-4564 75 ' S.W. 0.18 9 3970 —0.11 74 058.0 i6-o'63.o + 0.952.7 6g W.SW 3. 00 10 3971 — O.II 72 5|54-7|i7-86i-8— 0.4 5'. » 7i , W. 0 00 11 =9 47 —03s 71.5 56.614.963.1- 0.351. ■ 68[ ^/j^Y C..03 1 1 ' Mean 39.66 —0.15 73.1 iS.817.3 62.5H- 0.853.4 69 IW.SW. It 0.21 July 5. — Fine and bright generally during ihe day. Fine night, and c'oudless. — 6.— Very hue bright morning ; overcast afternoon. Fine night. — 7. — Fioe and briplit at times throughout the day. Fine cloudy night. — 8. — Fine day. Kain from 9 p.m. to ic p M. Thunder- storm from 9 40 p M. to 10.30 P.M. Fine at mid- night. — 9 — Fine day ; mostly overcast. Fine night, — 10. — Fine and bright at times thoughoutthe day. Fine cloudv ni^ht, — II. — Fine and bright from about n a.m.; windy, and alternately clear and cloudy alterwards. Strong wind at night- LONDON : Atmospheric Fres S7t re. — \>m\r\g the week ending July 7 the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 30.09 inches at the beginning of the week to 29 S7 inches by 3 p.m. on Ihe 3d, decreased to 29 81 inches by 3 p.m. on the 4'h, increased to 29 93 inches by midnight on the 5lh, decreased to 29.82 inches by 3 p.m. on the 6th, and was 29 90 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading for the week at the level of the seawas25L93 inches, being the same as last week, and 0.07 inch lower than the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 85°, on the 2d ; the highest on the 5th and 7ih was 72°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 76°. The lowest temperature in the shade in the week was 52°- 5» on the 5lh and 6th ; on the 3d the lowest was 62°. The mean of the seven low night tempera- tures was 55°.7. The greatest range of temperatures was 29", on the 2d ; the smallest was \f.%, on the 3d. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 20". 4. The mean temperatures were— on the 1st, 64". 4 ; on the 2d, 7o°.3 ; on the 3d, 67^ ; on the 4th, 62° ; on the 5ih, 6o°.3 ; on the 6Lh, 62^ 7 ; and on the 7lh, 63" ; and these were all above their averages (except- ing the 5th, which was i°.2 below) by 3^.2, 9°. 2, 5°,S, o*',7, i°.i, and i°.2 respectively. The mean temperature was 64^.3, being 2°.3 higher than last week, and 2°.9 higher than the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 147°, on the 2d. The mean of the seven readings was I37''.6. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was 43°, on the 1st. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 4S'',3. Rain. — Rain fell on the 3d to the amount of 0°. 12 inch. England : Tcmperalnre. — During the week ending July 7 the highest temperatures were 85'' at Black- healh, 84^.2 at Nottingham, and 8l°.I at Cambridge ; the highest, at Plymnulh, was 68".!, at Truro 69", and at Sunderland 72°. The general mean was 76^.2. The lowest temperatures in the week were 48°. 2, at Wolverhampton, 49" at Bristol, and 49". 4 at Not- tingham ; the lowest temperature at riymouth was 55°, at Bradford 53°.3, and at Blackheath 52*.5. The general mean was 50°, 8. The greatest ranges of temperature in the week were 34°. 8 at Noltingham, 32°.5 at Blackhealh, and 31".! at Cambridge ; the least ranges were 13". I, at riymouth, 17" at Truro, and 22" at Sunderland. The general mean was 25". 4. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Cambridge, 77°.4, at Nottingham 77^2, and at Blackheath 76" ; and was lowest at Plymouth, 66°, 5, at Truro 66". 7, and at Sunderland 6S°. i. The general mean was 71°. 6. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 56°,S, at Bradford 56^.7, and at Leicester 55'-S ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton 51^.8, at Bolton I2".6, and at Nottingham 52^.9. The general mean was 54°. 5. Th.e mean daily range was greatest at Nottingham, 24°. 3, at Cambridge 23". 2, and at Wolverhampton 20°. 4; and was least at Plymouth, 9°. 7, at Truro 11". 7, and at Bradford 14°. 5. The general mean was The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath, 64°.3, at Cambridge 63°.9, and at Nottingham (>'^,l ; and was lowest at Sunderland, 58°. 8, at Truro 58°, 9, and at Bolton 59°. The general mean was 61°, 2. Rain. — The largest falls were 1. 31 inch at Leeds, 1.25 inch at Hull, and 1.24 inch at Sheffield; the smallest falls were o. 12 mch at Blackhealh, 0.37 inch at Brighton, and 0.39 inch at Wolverhampton. The general mean fall was 0.76 inch. Rain fell on every day in the week at Nottingham. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end- ing June 7 the highest temperature was 76", at Dundee ; at Greenock the highest temperature was 69°.2. The general me?n was 72°.4. The lowest temperature in the week was 48.^6, at Edinburgh ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was 51°. 8. The general mean was 50". 4. The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 6o°.8; and lowest at Edinburgh, 59^3. The general mean was 6d°. i. Rain. — The largest fall was 1.75 inches, at Dundee, and the smallest was 0.59 inch at Glasgow. The general mean fall was l.lS inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Answers to Correspondents. Camellias : 7- /-■ It is difficuU to say wliat is the cause of the spotting, but we suspect that althougli the border was well made the roots have not taken kindly to it. Were the balls broken and the roots carefully spread out when planted ? Corn Exciiangi:: Rose Show ; Erratum. By an unfortunate tyjiographical error, the name of Mr. R. J. Webber, of Edmonton, was printed as "Webster "in our note on this show at p. 19. Diseased Cherry Tree: /. O. W. If the tree is an old one root-pruning will not do much good, and if you entirely remove it you must take the risk of losing it altogether. If a young tree it would be greatly benefited by fresh planting in good soil, in October. Grapes : R. Clark. The berries are scalded, an injury to which the variety, Lady Downe's, is peculiarly liable in certain stages of its growth. See Mr. Atkins' note at p. 47. The overflow of rain-water has nothing to do with it, but rather an excess of atmo- spheric moisture in the house. Names of Plants. Professor Rcichcnbach requests us to state that he has received a registered card box, coming from Montelimar, from an unknown corre- spondent, the contents of whicli are : Dipodium palu- dosum and Cymbidium ensifolium striatum, the first flowering probably but the second time in Europe. — A^., Devon. Astranlia major. — T. Impey. The Litchl, Nephclium Litchl, a native of Southern China. — L. N. Tropaiolum speciosum. — Botanist. The Bee Orcliis, Ophrys apifera. — J. B. M. A variety of Ulmus cam- pestris— perhaps the form known as var. gracilis. — Alpha. I, Abies peclinata ; 2, Sedum acre ; 3, Ne- phrodium filix-mas var. ; 4, Athyrium filix-fcemma ; 5, Campanula garganica, hairy var. — A. R. L. Maxil- laria tenulfolia. — C. E. F. Dianthus delloides, and Saxifraga aizoon. — */. S., Brockley. i, Phalaris canar- iensis (Canary-grass); 2, Triticum repens ; 3, Mimu- lus luteus ; 4, probablya Cerinthe, not in flower. — E. D. I, not recognised ; 2, Rubus odoratus ; 3, Rosa lucida ; 4, Zenobia pulverulenta. — E. M. Spiraea fili- pendula. — S. Lonicera flava {see Bot. Ma^., t. 1318), a native of South Carolina. A. A/., Kent, i, Aconi- tum Nnpdius ; 2, Spirica filipendula florc-pleno ; 3, (ieraniuin sanguineuni ; 4, Stenactis speciosa ; 5, Spiicea aruncus ; 6, Oenothera fructicosa. The other six next week. — J. Fride. i, Viburnum Lantana ; 2, Deutzia crcnata ; 3, .send a belter specimen ; 4, Iliera- cium auranliacum. — lia.-act. The flower is a Valerian, but we cannot say which from iiiich a specimen ; llic leaf wc do not recognise. — 'Ihos. D^jitiy. If llic bulbs are slightly glaucous it is, in all probability, ICpiden- druni ionophlebium. — Frank Dec. Lilium Isabelli- num. — /'■■, 6'. W. i, Atriplcx Haiimus ; 2, Polypodium Billardicri ; 3, Campanula glomerata. — R. A/ay. It is the common .Sycamore, eroneously called the Plane in Scotland. Your other (juestion next week. Peachrs : J. //., Ireland. Manure applied to the roots eigliteeti months ag<} could certainly not be the cause of your trees being injured now. The mischief was done by the black-fly. The houses should have been care- fully but thoroughly fumigated, or the trees well washed with Quassia-water beiore they came into flower, so as to avoid having to resort to either of these measures while the flowers were setting. Pear Trees: F. Tnfnail. The practice of sHtting the bark of the trees in the manner described is a very old one, and is as injurious as it is obsolete. The rising generation of gardeners regard all such practices as barbarous. Rose Petals : A. N. Vou can only use them in making /(;i'-/(;wrr/, upon which, perhaps, some of our lady readers will kindly give us a few instructions. Seedling Pelargoniums : C W, H. Your seedling Pelargonium belongs to the decorative group, but is nothing like so good as many that are now grown by the market growers. Florists' flowers like this are most generally named by those who raise or distribute them. Tomatos Diseased : E. C. You are right in sup- posing there is no Pcronospora on your diseased Tomato stems, leaves, and flowers. There is no fungus whatever on any part of the plants. The disease is probably caused by some defect in cultiva- tion, and the roots, water, heat, and ventilation should be looked to. An illustrated article on the fungoid diseases of the Tomato, from the pen of Mr. C. B. Plowright, was published in the Girdeuers Chronicle for November 12, 1881, \V. G. S. Communications Received.— J. G.— J. R. J.— C. 0.— S. & ■ M.— N. T. S.— J. W.-J. S.— A. B.— £. C— R. F.— C. Wis- senbach.-J. P. B — W. E. D.-W. S.-J. G.— D. B, C — W. G. S.— P. N. F.-W. D.— W. Y.— H. L. C— W Brock bank. arhcts. COVENT garden; July 12. Heavy supplies to hand this week, and prices consi- derably reduced, with a sluggish trade. James Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. J. d. s. d. I I. d. s. d. Cherries, % sieve .. 4 o-io o j Lemons, per case ..15 0-20 o Currants, Black, %- \ Melons, each .. 20-36 sieve .. ..46-56 Peaches, p-r doz. ., 6 0-12 o — Red, 5^-sieve ,.30-50 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 30-36 Figs, per dozen ..20-30 — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o Grapes, per lb. ..10-30 Strawberries, pec lb. 03-09 Gooseberries, ^-siv, 26-33 Vegetables— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz. — Jerusalem, bush. Asparagus (Sprue), per bundle — English, bund... — French, bund... Beans, Fr. grown, lb. — Jersey, per lb... Beet, per doz. Cabbages, per dor... Carrois, new, p. bun. Cauliflowers. Eng- lish, dozen Celery, per bundle . . Cucumbers, each .. Endive, Frencti, per dozen Garlic, pjer lb. Herbs, per bunch . , PoTATOS. — Jersey 3 o- 4 o 30-.. 2 6- .. 36-80 20-36 10-.. 10-.. 10-.. 10-20 10-.. 30-60 16-.. 06-10 J, d. s. d. Horse Radish, per bundle .. ..40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per dozen . . . . i o- a o — Cos, per dozen.. 16-40 Mint, green, bunch. . 06- .. Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20 Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas. English, quart 1 t- .. Radishes, perdoz. ,. i 6- .. Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-.. Small salading, pun. 04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Sweet Potatos, lb, , , 06- .. Tomatos, per lb. ..10-.. Turnips, new, bun. o g- . . Vegt. Mairows, each 06-09 20-.. 10-.. 02-04 Kidneys, sj. to 75. ; Rounds, 5^. to f j per cwt. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. AraHa Sieboldii, per dozen . . ..12 Arbor-vita; (golden), per dozen . . . . 6 — (common), dozen 6 Begonias, per doz. .. 6 Bouvardia, doz. ..iz Calceolarias, dozen... 4 Cockscombs, doz. .. 4 Coleus, doz. .. ..3 Dracaena term. doz. 30 — viridis, perdoz ..12 Eiica, various, do?. 12 Euonymus, various, per dozen . . . . 9 Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 Ferns, in variety, per dozen , . . , 4 s. d. s. d. 0-24 o 0-18 o 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-18 o 0-90 0-90 0-60 0-60 o 0-24 o 0-36 o 0-18 o ,. d. r, d. Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each , . . . 2 0-10 o Fuchsias, per dozen 6 0-12 6 Hydrangea, per. doz, 9 0-24 o Lilium longiflorum, perdojen,, .. 18 o 42 o Liliums, various, per dozen .. . .12 0-3-) o Lobelias, per dozen 30-60 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen . , ..12 0-24 o Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety.each 2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen . . 26-90 — decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o Spirsea, per dozen ..8 0-12 o 6o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 14, 1883. Cut Flowkrs.— Average Wholesale Phichs. Abutilon, 13 bunches 2 Arum Lilies, per doz. 3 Bouvardias, per bun. i Canterbury Bell.bun, i CarnatioDs, 12 bims. i — 12 bunches . , 3 Cornflower, 12 buQ.. i Dahlias, 12 bun .. 6 Delphinium, p. bun. o Eucharis, per doz. .. 4 Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2 Gardenias, la blms.. 3 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Lapageria, white, 12 blooms . . . . 3 — red, x% blooms., i Lilac (French), bun. 4 Liliums, 12 bun. ..12 Marguerites, 13 bun. 6 rf. s. d. 0-40 0-60 0-16 0-20 0-30 0-00 6-40 0-80 6-10 0-60 0-40 0-60 6-10 0-60 0-30 6-70 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 Marigolds, 12 bun. . . 2 Myosoiis, or Forget- me-not, p. 12 bun, 2 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o — zonal, 12 sprays 3 Pinks, 12 bunches .. 2 Primula, double, bun. i Pyrethrum, 12 bun. . 3 Roses (indoor), doz, 2 — (outdoor), 1 2 bun. 3 — coloured, doz. .. 3 Spiraea, 12 bunches.. 6 Stephanotis, 12 spr. i Stocks, 12 bunches.. 4 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 3 Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 4 Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 1 White Jasmine, bun. i d. s, d. o- g o 0-40 0-60 g- I o 0-60 0-60 0-16 0-60 0-60 o~ 6 o c- 8 o 0-12 o 6-30 o- 9 Q 0-60 0-60 0-20 0-16 SEEDS. London : Jtdy it. — The seed market to-day, as might be expected, was most thinly attended, and altogether wanting in any feature either of interest or importance. Indeed, at present there is a complete absence alike of speculative inquiry and of consumptive demand. New French Trifolium, although offered low, is quite neglected. Some choice New Zealand Cock's-fooi just arrived attracts attention. Mustard and Rape seed move off slowly on former terms. The Board of Trade returns give the imports last month into the United Kingdom of Clover and grass seeds as 1473 cwt., value ^2301, against 6135 cwt., value j<,io, 192, for June, 1882. John Skaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, Lon- don, B.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday the business passing in Wheat, English and foreign, was' apparently restricted to retail quantities of best quahties, for which quotations were not altered, but the general tone of the trade was depressed, and the tendency of prices against holders. Flour met an equally dull sale. Maize on the spot was about 34/. to 6d. lower on the week. Rather easier rates were accepted for grinding Barley. For Oats the market was firmer, and Swedish imports were rather dearer than on Monday se'nnight. Beans and Peas were quiet and unchanged. — On Wednesday Wheat and flour remained nominally unaltered, and Barley drooping. The small transactions in Beans and Peas did not alter previous quotations. Oats were firm, with prices in some instances against the buyer. Maize was dull, with prices against sellers. Average prices of corn for the week ending July 7 ; — Wheat, 42J. i\d. \ Barley, 28J. iid. ; Oats, 231. $d. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 47J. yd. ; Barley, 27/. 4^/. ; Oats, 24^ ^ CATTLE, At the Metropolitan Market on Monday light supplies and some demand for the country, as well as the shop trade, gave firmness to all prime quality stock, which advanced -zd. per stone. The calf trade was dull. Quota- tions ; — Beasts, 45. ^d. to 5^. Bt/., and 51. lod. to 6j. 2d. ; calves, ^s. ^d. to 6j-. ^d. ;. sheep, 51. 8d. to 6r. 2d., and 6s. ^d. to 6j. lod. ; lambs, 7s. Sd. to 8^. 4d. — On Thursday beasts were dull and drooping in value, but sheep were firm, and rather better. Lambs werS steady, and calves and pigs quiet. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel report states that supplies con- tinue small, and trade quiet, at the following quotations : Prime Clover, 105J. to 120s. ; inferior, 6or. to 70^. ; prime meadow hay, yos. to gos. ; inferior, 40J. to 50J. ; and straw, 30J. to 40s. per load. — On Tliursday there was a short supply, and the trade was quiet at the above rates. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old mea- dow hay, 90J. to looj. ; inferior, yos. to y6s. ; new, 6^s. to 84r. ; superior old Clover, ii2t. to 12OJ. ; inferior, 841. to gSs, ; new, 84-f. to iooj". ; and straw, 381. to 431. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that there have been fair supplies and a steady demand, at the follow! nglpr ices :— Jersey kidneys, ys. to 8s. ; ditto round, ys. ; Cherbourg flukes, ys. to 8s. ; ditto round, 6s. 6d. to ys. ; Kent kidneys, loj. ; Essex shaws, ys. per cwt.— The imports into London last week were as follows : — 893 cases from Cherbourg, luo baskets Rotter- dam, 68 cases Havre, 68 baskets 20 packages Boulogne, 100 cases Bordeaux, 457 baskets St. Nazaire, 44 tons 5668 packages 2065 boxes Jersey, 62 packages 46 cases 32 casks Malta, 1623 cases Barfleur, 35 boxes Lisbon, 159 bags Hamburgh. 40 cases Marseilles, and 900 boxes from Fernanville. COALS. The following are the prices current at market during the week : — East Wylam, 15J. 6d. ; Ravensworth West Hartley, 14J. gd.; Walls End — Hetton, lys. ; Hetton Lyons, 15^. ; Lambton, 16s. 6d. ; Wear, 15J. ; Tees, lys. 3(/. ; East Hartlepool, i6s. ^d.; South Hartlepool, Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday at 100^ to ioo:J for delivery, and ioo| to looj'^s for the account. Tuesday's finishing prices were 99^ to 100 for delivery, and 100^ to 100^ for the account. The closing quotations on Wednesday were, for delivery, as on the preceding day, and 100 to looJ for the account. On Thursday the final prices showed a decline of 5 for delivery, and of j^g for the account. "pOUNCE'S BLIGHT KILLER, in addi- tioa to keeping all Plants Clean and free from Fly, Mealy-bug, Thrips, American Blight, Sic, drives Moles from ground watered witb it. Price is. per bottle (to make 10 gallant), 55. per gallon. Wholesale and Retail of POUNCE AND SONS, 18. Westbourne Grove, London, W. Amortiser.— Amortiser.— Amortiser. To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET GARDENERS and OTHERS. STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly, Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists, more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu- able, as one application causes INSTANT DtSTRUCTlON of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothoiise, Greenhouse, and other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special Preparation of the Amortiser for Watermg the Ground which Instantly Destroys Slugs, Wireworms Caterpillars, Grubs, &c When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample Cai>s, 4^4 gallons, 3^. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for Large Quantities. Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E. Important Discovery. For Cleansing Plants from Aphides and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame- rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale, &c., and for Washing all Hard- Wooded Plants, always use HUDSON'S SOAP. A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water. A strong solution thickened with clay makes an effective Winter Dressing. Testimonial. *' Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, i88c. "We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard- wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presentmg you with this testimonial, and remain, yours truly, (Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO." BEMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE ! of all DIRT from EVERYTHING BY USING HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP. GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, ir., 3s., & lor. 6d. AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis- hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part. GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com- fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies, Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes. 6d and If. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limned), London. FLO RAL G U M. This Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals of flowers Irom falling. It is easily applied — diies instantaneously — and leaves no stain on the blossom. Universally approved of by the leading Florists and Groiuers. {See Testimonials.) " 18, Westbourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883. " Gentlemen, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some years. It fixes the petals of fljwers without injuring or staining lhem.-Yours fauhfully, „ j^g. H. POUNCE and SONS.'' " Messrs. Hawes & Crisp." CRYSTAL GUM .. as. oii'. pint. 3s. 6ardenirs' Magazine says : — " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very hrst in merit. " Saniple:^ and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, qo. Lower Thames St., London, E.G. BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and Gardens. Hundieds of ions in stock, from i to 4 inches in diameter, and up to 16 teet. The largest importer in England. P. B. HARKIN. Uiittnn Street. Liverpool. EEGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER STAKES, 2 feet, v- per dozen. PEA TRAINERS, 6 feet by 4 feet. js. td. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 (eet long, bd : TKliLl.lSING. from 2i 'sjjrGHCATE ROAD ,L0ND0N.N.W6v! TENANT'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES, made in lights and easily erected, lower part framed and panelled ; painted two colours. Improved VentiLiting Gearing for houses over 12 feet long. Glazed with 21-oz. Glass, and Painted 3 coats of good oil colour. Specimen size, i 2 feel bySfeet.^C^S 3^- 6 ^- For brickwork, ^20. LEAN-TO HOUSES for building against existing walls, similar to above, 15 ft. by lofeet, ;£24, or for brick- work, /19. Portable Cu- cumber Frames, painted 3 coats, glazed 21-oz. glass. 3-light Frame, 6 feet by 8 feet, £^ 41. (>d. Cases ^j., allowed when returned. All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. Illustrated Catalogue free on. application. C. FRA2ER, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwich, Cucumber Frames. r) HALLIDAY and CO. desire to ^« diaw special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d. 2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet } v^rV\nv f 3 o o 3-liehtframe, i2feetby6feet ^ P^^^ff"f„ ^ 5 5 o 6.light (rarae. 24 feet by 6 feet 3 ^ases iree ( j^ q ^ The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for brick pits at prnporlionateiy low prices. R. HALLIDAY and CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. No. 74. Tliree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. CASH PRICES—Carria^e Paid. No. 2 size .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. £^ i^ o No. 3 size ,. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o No. 4 size .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 850 These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights turn over. Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted lour coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best 21-oz, English glass. GREENHOUSES, Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses. NEW CATALOGUE. NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. Conservatories and Greenhouses. &o. TT FREEMAN AND SONS, Horticul- -•--•-. TURAL Builders and Hot-water Engineers. Cam- ^'k'^ltx?,';"^'' '^'"'<'E'=' Hackney, E.-Good subslanliaj-made (tKEENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fixing, 21 (eet by 13 feet, ^28 : is"; feet by 10 feet. .^15 ; 10 feet by 5 feet, /8. SFAN- ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 (eet by ,7 feet. ^[60 ; ji feet by ■3 leet, .£ji loi. ; 13 feet by 8 feet, {.A. LIGHTS, &c., in Stock. W. H. LASGELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. W H LASCELLES AND CO will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C. Illustrated Lists ol Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for wails, paths, and stages, sent post-free on appUcation. BAYVISS. JONES, BAYLISS, Catalogues . .free . _ Manufactory:VictoriaWbrks,Wolverhampton'.;. LONOON 0^F(CE,3,CR00KED LANE, KINO Wl LL(A1V1 sr. PATENT EXCELSIOR. Factory, Newburgh, N.Y. The CHAMPION LAWN MOWER of this Season Highly recommended by the Field oi h^tW 14, 1883, p. 477- Sole Manufactnrers, Chadbom & ColdweU Manufacturing Co , 223, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. T. CLARKE, Manager. HOSE. PATENT REP.RUBBER GARDEN HOSE. Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus pru\'- ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use. A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red- Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now ati good as ever." Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices, Sample and Price of MERRYWEATHER & SONS, 63, Long Acre, W.C. : and Greenwich Road, London, S.E. TH08. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. Tlie Beat and Quickest Uade. 4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long, 4J. yi. each. 4-iii. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^s, 6d. each. Price List on applicatio HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU- FACTURERS. Plans and Estimates free. Rosher's Garden Edging TUes. THE ABOVE anii many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN ' GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES. FOUN'IAINS. &c-, in Artificial Stone, very durable and o( superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufaciurers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES." PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c., from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for seleaion. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and iiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L "v E R S~ AND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Too or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N. B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. TEN SILVER MEDALS AWARDED TOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, ti Weston-super-marb, Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green: ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS, RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c Price LIST post- free. Sheet of Designs, td. Book of Desigtis, xs. 62 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [July 14, 1883. THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. 4 Lines 5 .. 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 „ 11 ,. 12 .. 13 11 Head L iite charged as tivo. .. £0 3 o 15 Lines 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ..£0 9 9 o 10 o 10 O II O 11 O 12 O 12 o 13 o 13 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page £9 ° ° Half Page 500 Column 3 5° 8AEDENEES, and OTHEKS, WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words li. 6d., and 6rf. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Advertisers are cautioned atainst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the scmier. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 51. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reM:k the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions payable In advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months, {,1 31, lad. ; 6 Months, iij. \\d. ; 3 Months, ts. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, £,v bs. lor 12 Months: India and China, Zi 8j. -id. Post-ofiice Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C, to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS, for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c. This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of it by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere. „,,„^,,d Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c. Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps. FRANCIS AND CO , Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton Garden, E C. CO., T. 14X12 20X12 20X14 20X16 16x12 16x14 20X15 22x16 18x12 18x14 18x16 24X16 WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS. HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Handy Manual for the improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown Svo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4J. 6//. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth, price •]$. THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. fisher. Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price \s. HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price ij-, stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS, a popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture. By William Earley. Price is. stitched. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. An entirely New Edition, enlarged in size and type. Medium Svo, cloth, price 25^. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 31. 6a'. LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for students, &c. With 400 Illustrations. Svo, cloth, price 5j. 6^ one son (age 13) ; has had twenty-six years" practical experience in several large establishments. Good icferences.— Mr. liEALE, Post-office. Chichester. C^ARDENER (H ead").— s'ingI^tho7oughIy y~C practical man, experienced in all branches. Has served in first-class establishments. Trustworthy, Good references. — GARDENER. Mr. Putterill. Back Street, Hatfield, Herts. CI^ARDENER (Head).— Married, no family ; V-* thorough practical experience in all branches. Early and Late Forcuig. Good reference?.— A. B., Bout's Library belle Vue Road. Wandsworth Common. S.W. ARDENER (Head).— Age 27 ; wife can take charge of Dairy and Poultry. Ten years' experience m some of the best Gardens in England. Good character. &c -W. F. SMYTHE, Privett, Alton. Hants. (^ARDENER (Head).— Age 30; sixteen V^ years' practical experience in all branches, Early and Late Forcing, Vines. Melons, Cucumbers, Flowers. &c. Good testimonials. Highly recommended by present and previous employers.— G. SMITH. Hall's Library, Horley. Surrey. r^ARDENER (Head); age ?,i.~£s Bonus V-^ wdl be given to any person who may be the means of the Advertiser securing a suitable situation. Total Abstainer. First- class references and character.— S. HEATH, Trushara, Bovcy 1 racey. (TJ-ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40, V^ married, one child ; well up in all branches. Eleven years first-class testimonials and personal character Country preferred.-F. H. B , 47, Lowfield Road, Kilburn. N.W. r^ARDENER (Head Working), where two V--' or three are kept. — Married : six years and ten months good character from present situation.— J. BUTLER, Cranford Hounslow, Middlesex. ' (^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, Vj married, two children : total abstainer : eighteen years' practical experience in all branches of the profession. Good references —THOMAS WICKSON, Victoria Road, Acocks Green, Birmingham. (^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 42, V^ married, two children ; good Fruit and Plant Grower, and thorough practical General Gardener. Stock, Dairy, and Poultry if required.— P.. n, White's Cottages, Upper Downs Road, Epsom. (T^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31^ V^ married ; thoroughly understands the Management of Vines, Plants. Flowers, and Fruit ; also the thorough Manage- ment of a good Kitchen Garden. Personal character and refer- ences from previous employers.— A. BARNtS, 3, Beach Road Sevenoaks, Kent. (^ARDENER (Head Working), where v^ more are kept.— Ase 3a. married, one child ; thoroughly competent. Sixteen years' practical experience in all branches o Gardening. Excellent testimonials from several first cU- s ?^5^/i~J- DRINKWATER, Gardener, Normanby Hall, Middlesborough. (^ARDENER (Head Working), or GAR- V-" DENER and BAILIFF.-Middle-aged, married, no family : respectable, trustworthy ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession. First-class character. Leaving through the estate being given up.-GARDENER, Glencoe. shooters Hill, Kent. O.ARDENER (He.\d Working).— Age 2,i, V^ married, no family; thoroughly understands Pines, Vines. Peaches. Melons, &c.. Stove and Greenhouse Plants Slower and Kitchen Gardening. Twenty years' experience, with good character. Three and a quarter yeirs in present situation as Head. -The GARDENER, Eournbrook Hall. Dli*mingham. (^ARDENER (Head), or FORESTER— V-" The Advertiser is open lor an engagement with any Lady or Gentleman, in the above capacity of Head Gardener or forester combined. Has had large experience in both depart- ments, and IS now leaving present situation, after twenty-two years service, owing to the death of his late employer, and con- sequently a great reduction in estate expenses. Can produce '., most satisfactory references for character and abiiities.- Mr. ROBERT CRAIG. The Gardens, Levens Hall. Miln- Ihorper or Messrs. DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, Seed Merchants, Manchester, where full information can be had. /':j.ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). v^ ~^^f J^' ■7""'='^ ■ uniierstands Vines. Cucumbeis Melons and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garder- ing 1 hree and a h,ilf years' good char,icter. Near London preferred. -G J , 7. kelson Street, Kilburn Rise. London. /^ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 38, V-" married, no family; sober, intelligent. Well up in Pleasure Gardening. &c. Good references.— C. E. D.. Sereood's Library, Kennington Road, S.E. (^ARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's D^.r S"'J^,n---Age25; good character from last situation.— B. W., Elmdon, near Saffron Walden, Essex, (TJ-ARDENER (Second). — Age 22 ; seven V-^ years' experience. Good character. Reason for leaving, employer gone abroad. -J. FUNNELL, Little Flanchf rd Leigh, near Reigate, Surrey. r:!!. ARDENER (Second), in a good estabhsh- V." ment.-Age 23, single; seven years' good experience. Good references from present and previous employers.— H. L 32. lemperley Road, Balham, Surrey. C:'ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY- V^ man ; age hi-- J GiLKS. Gardener to A. Berwick, tsq , Higham Hill, Walthamstuw. can recommend an active young man of good experience. Total abstainer. State par- ticulars. (^ARDENER (Under), in the Houses in a J good establishment.- Age 24; can be highly recom. mended.— H. F., Haydon's Cottage, Sidmouth, Devon. GARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; thoroughly understands his work. Good references.— N. R 5 Elm Terrace, Eltham. ' ('::' ARDENER (Under). -Age 22 ; has had V-^ seven years' experience in Plant Growing, Early and Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Highly recommended.- W., Mr. Ueale, Post-office, Chichester. GARDEN ER (Under); age 24. ~ F. Whdher, Quarry Hill Nurseries, Tonbridge. can with confidence recommend a young man of good ability as above, Inside or Out. First-class character. Eight years experience. (^ARDENER and COWMAN (Single- V-.* HANDED or Otherwise). —Age 2g, married, one child good character from last place — J. A., Gothic Lodge, Lordship Lane. Dulwich, S.E. "POREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.— n'„„^^°"''' V'^f""i- Three years' good character.- J. MOSS, Titley, Herefordshire. "POREMAN, Inside or Out, or both combined. J- —Age 25 : nine years' experience in large establishments, lotal abstainer. Well recommended.— S. FAV, Alvedislon, Salisbury. T^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Thoroughly -f- practical in all branches, including Plant and Flower Derarations. Good chataclerand testimonials. —H.RICHARD- SON, 7, Park Cottages, Hurstpierpoint. ■pOREMAN.— Middle-aged; successful Pro- JL pagator and Grower of first-class stuff, Hard and Sort, ,.?"^' ■' '^^'''=' "' General. Energetic and experienced. — W. C.. 7, Frances Street, Woolwich, Kent. "p'OREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab- •*- hshment.— Age 24 ; ten years' experience in all depart- ments. Highly recommended. Three and a half years in last place. -FRED. FLETCHER, Coleorton Hall, Ashby-de-la- Zouch, Leicestershire. "J^OREMAN, or SECOND in a good estab^ -L hshment, where more are kept. — Aee 22 ; five years' experience. Good references. -A. KNIGHT, The Gardens, Conyngham Hall, Knaresborough, Yorks. FTo Nurserymen. OREMAN and PROPAGATOR, or Man- agement of Nursery.— Successful Propagator and Grower of Roses and General Hard-wooded Plants. Conversant with General Routine of Nursery Work and Cut Floiver Business.— H. D Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, otrand, W.C. "P O R E MA N ^p"r1d Fa GA TO R and -J- GROWER. — Single ; well up whh Grapes, Tomatos. Cucumbers, Ferns, and all Flowering Plants for Cut Bloom and London Markets. Good Budder. Nine years' character — F. H. HINNELL, Flower of Valley Gardens, HaUiax Road. Rochdale. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— y ^S= 21 : Sood character. Please state wages. &c.— J. WILLIa. Wapley Hill, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire. TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— '/ Age 21 ; SIX years' fir-tclass character from Shipley Hall Gardens, Derby, and Keele Hall Gardens, Staffordshire. Bothy preferred -J. BURROWS. Mapperley, near Derby. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good " establishment.— Age 20; bolhy preferred. — Four years' good chiracter. -W. M., 2, Tinling Cottage, Beulah Road, Walthamstow, EsEex. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 22 ; f-' seven years' experience. Good references. Total abstainer! Bothy preferred.-A. HILL, The Gardens, Halstead Place, bevenoaks, Kent. ITIG GARDENERS.-A young man desires -^ a situation in the Houses, in which he has been four or five years —A. M., 25. Hyde Close, Hyde Street, Winchester. JJIO GARDENERS. — A respectable you^ -L man (aged 20) desires a situation in the Garden. Five years in last place. Please state wages.— A. F Mrs Akers Datchet, near Windsor, Berks. " * . To Nurserymen ana Seedsmen. J)00K-KEEPER, SHOPMAN, or could ■J-' Manage a Business.-Aee 38 ; first-class references — A. B., 153, High Street, Harborne, Birmingham. QHOPMAN (Assistant).— ThoTouglily trust- ^ worthy and obliging. Has a knowledge of Plants, S^eds, Cut Flowers, &C.-S. S. W., Seed Warehouse, Library Build- ings, Hereford. nPRAVELLER.- An experienced Traveller in J- the Nursery Trade desires an engagement for a few weeks. Terms moderate.-NURSERV, W. H. Smith, News Agent, Rose Crescent, Cambridge. /IQACHMAN and HANDYMAN.— Age 30, V^ married ; three years' first-class reference. Suburbs preferred. — R.. 86, J Street, Queen's Park. Kilburn, N.W. Jj^ARM BAILIFF.— Used to Heavy and -. oi'"'^'" ??''^ ' Breeding and Rearing all kinds of Stock and Sheep Good references.— B. RINGER, Harestock Farm near Winchester. JJOLLOWAY'S PILLS. - This cooling -A.A- Medicine has the happiest effect when the blood is over-heated and a tendency to inflammatory action is set up in the system ; one Pill taken shortly before dinner does away with the Indigestion Fulness, and Flatulency— indications of a Weak Stomach or Disordered Liver. A few Pills taken at bed- time act as alterauves and aperients ; they not only relieve the bowels, but regulate every organ connected with them, over- come all acrid humours, and encourage a free supply of all the secretions essential to our well-being. Holloway's Pdls thoroughly cleanse and perfectly regulate the circulation and beget a feeling of comfort in hot cUmatesand high temperatures which IS most desirable for preservation of health. 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 14, 1883. The Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, 8.E., Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horti'ultural Purposes. Ilhislraied CATALOGUE, \i,th edition, price is. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Gold and Silver Medals, also Special Certificate, Awarded May 22, 1883 Patent Reliance Kotary Valves. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING AT YORK, JULY 16 to 20. T. H. P. DENNIS & COMPANrS EXHIBIT. Stand, No. 398. Open Ground Space. NEW SYSTEMS OF PATENT GLAZING, CHEAP CONSERVATORIES, GREEN- HOUSES and SUMMER HOUSES, RIVERS' WALL COVER, MELON FRAMES and PLANT PROTECTORS, PATENT BOILERS and VALVES for Heating Apparatus. Call and inspect them, or write for Catalogue of Novelties for this season, Address-MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can Idc obtained, and is suited for supplying Public or Private Estabhshments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c. No. 37. No. 63. DEEP WELI. PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or Steam Power. [GarHen^, &c No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use. No, 5oands4a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, W.-^TER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribuUon, FIRE MAINS, HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs. No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the Right Hon. the Earl of Essex. No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes. No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS. No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for Garden use. i| ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. Now Ready, a Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post Free 3id. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Puhlisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Offire of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturday, July 14, 1883. Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland — Messrs, J, Mbmzies & Co.. Edinburgh and Glasgow, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstaljlisijeti i84i. No. 499.— Vol. XX. {sek.esJ SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1883. 1 Registered at the General ? Price 6d. Post-office as a Newspaper. jPosT-FREE, sj' DRUMHEAD.— An early, globular-shaped Cabbage, of delicate flavour and good colour, xs. per ounce, td. per packet, post-free. ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE COS.— The largest, most delicious, and best summer Cos Lettuce in cultivation. No tying required. Heads very solid and crisp eating. 2S. &d. per ounce, fid. and is. per packet, post-free. LETTUCE WINTER COS.— Very hardy and crisp. 6(/. and \s. per packet, post-free. DUNNETTS' GIANT 25, per ounce. LETTUCE.— ALL THE YEAR ROUND. — Crisp and compact. If sown at intervals it will provide Lettuces all the year round. 3S. per ounce, 6d. and \s. per packet, post-free.- C.'VRTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command to H. K H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C. ORCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers to pay us a visit and inspect our houses. The NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63. NOTICE. — Intending planters should visit our Nurseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarf ROSES are no* in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety, in full bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNA- MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting. 150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Beikamsted, Herts. Tea Rosea -Tea Rosea. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full particulars on application to The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool. To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns. MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now ofTering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM in 72's, at 2or. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending purchasers) sent on application. \s. per 100 package. Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry. Cheap, Strong, Hybrid Perpetual Roaea. W JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale, • will supply fine flowering plants, from pots, 8 inches diameter, at 241. per dozen*. LIST of sorts on application. pAUL AND SON'S ROSES. —These are -■- now superbly in flower, finer than for many years, indeed equal to the finest years, 1876 to 1878. The blooming plants exceed 200, cos, and form the finest display of Roses anywhere near London. The Old Nurseries, Cheshimt, Herts. One mile from Cheshunt Station, G.E.R. Hyaclntlis. Tulips. Crocus. Lilies. &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOG JE now ready and may be had on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London. E.C. REEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c., in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these plants bemg in pots, may be moved now. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. To the Trade only. EH. KRELAGE and SON, NURSERY- • MEN, Seeds :\iEN, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland- The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 36^^) of Dutch Flower Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants for 18S3-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen. QU ILEGIA GLANDULOSA (Grigor's, guaranteed True). Fine young plants of the above beautiful Columbine, to bloom next spring, 301, per 100, or 6f. per dozen. Also Seed, just gathered, at -is. 6d. and 55. per packet, from JOHN GRIGOR and CO.. The Nurseries, Forres, N. B. The Trade supplied at Wholesale Prices. 66 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [July 21, 1883. SALES BY AUCTION Friday Next. CATTLEYA MAXIMA, Backhouse's variety. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheap- side, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 27. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a splendid importation of CATTLEYA MAXIMA (Backhouse's variety), the superb form from Peru, one of the rarest and finest varieties extant. The importation, owing to this type being so rare, is a small one, but in extra fine order. Also a large and unusually fine consignment of CATTLEYA MOSSI.^, from the best district, mostly with short stout bulbs; and various other consignments. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. LsDlia purpuxata. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in the above SALE, on FRIDAY NEXT, a specially fine importation of the above — in all, about loo lots. On view at the Rooms the day prior to Sale. Envllle Gardens, Stourbridge. About 5 miles from the Stourbridge Stations. IMPORTANT SALE of CHOICE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Countess of Stamford and Warrington to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, August i. at 2 o'Clock precisely, a large quantity of beautifully grown ORNA- MENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS for the Stove and Green- house, including handsome Tree Ferns, which embrace some of the finest examples of Dicksonia antarctica ever offered, several stately Palms, Ixoras, Crotons — many fit for exhibition, Anthuriums, well-grown Caladiums, fifty specimen Eucharis, splendidly furnished plants, in fine condition. &c. On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues of Mr. GREEN, on the Premises; or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London, E.G. N.B. — A wagonette will meet certain trains on the day of Sale, to convey intending purchasers to the Gardens. (See Catalogue.) Wednesday Next. MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July zs, a small COLLECTION of FOLIAGE PLANTS, consisting of Crotons, Caladiums, and Dracasoas of sorts, Palms, Tree and other Ferns, &c., the property of a gentleman. May be viewed the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr, R. Pfau, a con- signment of ORCHIDS, comprising OdontogI'Dssum Krameri, O. Oerstedii, O, Schlieperianum, Epidendrum pseudepiden- drum, Oncldium cheirophorum, Masdevallia lata, Eucharis Candida, from a new locality, &c. May be viewed morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. July 25, about 50 extra fine plants ot ODONTOGLOSSUM CRI3PUM, recently received by a gentleman from Mexico. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. NEW ODONTOGLOSSUM. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION at his Great Ronms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEX f, July 26. at halfpast 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr, F. Sander, a fine lot of a new ODONTOGLOSSUM, sent home by Mr. Lehmann; petals golden-yellow, blotched heavily wilh bright chocQiate ; sepals golden-yellow, spotted with the same colour ; the lip has a dark crimson blotch, and is edged with the same colour ; flowers large, borne on strong, stiff spikes. A fine COMPARETTIA, flowers carmine-red, and freely produced; ONCIDIUM, v.iriety of OBRYZATUM : a splendid importation of ODONTO- GLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, and other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Preliminary Announcement. L.^iLiA ELEGANS. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, a very grand importation of L/ELIA ELEGANS. Further par- ticulars will shortly appear. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. WANTED, a Small SEED and FLORIST'S BUSINESS-capable ot extension-or PARTNER- SHIP, by a young man of experience and capital, in London or on South Coast. Address, S. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. aTnTED, MARKET GARDEN GROUND, within 10 miles of London, by Michael- mas. About 40 acres. Particulars to DENNANT and PORTER, 63, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. London. FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY BUSINESS, with an extensive connection in Land- scape Gardening and Jobbing. There are two Nurseries, held at the low rental together of ,£65, and well situate, in the midst of a fashionable Residential District, only 4 miles from the City and '^^^t End. Returns ;£4oco per annum. Books open for inspection. Owner retiring, and will sell the whole concern at a reasonable offer, about .£2500, which includes Greenhouses, Lease, Goodwill, the immense and varied S'.ock in Trade, Horses, Carts, and everything complete. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRI?, 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C. OR SALE, SIDCUP HILL NURSERY, Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of the death (without ii^sue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock, Leases, Business Structures, &c, , of this Nursery are to be immediately disposed of. For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address. Investment.— Important to Orcliid Growers. 15 miles from London. FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishing to deviate his whole time to another Business in which he is engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New Broad Street. E.G.— (Folio 5865.) To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists. ^pO BE SOLD, an Old-established BUSI -L NESS, near a good Market Town, in the West of Eng- land, easily accessible to London and South-Western Railway, There are about 27 Acres of NURSERY STOCK of the finest varieties and well-stocked Greenhouses. The Residence, Offices, Stabling, and Cottages for Men, as well as portion of the Nursery Grounds belong to the Owner of the Business, and may be purchased or taken on Lease. The proprietor's state of health alone induces him to retire, and he will be prepared to sell on advantageous terms. For particulars and orders to view apply to Mr, JNO. FOWLE, 4, Hedgerley Park Terrace, Gunnersbury, London, W. Tlie Nurseries, Woodhall. Spa, Lincolnshire. FOR SALE, the Unexpired Term of a Ten Years' Lease, at a low rental, of 5 Acres of well stocked NURSERY GROUND, comprising a choice Collection of Fruit Trees. Roses, Evergreens, Shrubs, and Trees ; four Green- houses, well heated and stocked with Plants ; with Pits and Frames. This Business, which is an old-established and lucra- tive one, is for disposal by valuation, or agreement, owing to the death of Mr. Edmund BIyton, the late proprietor. Easy terms of payment would be arranged for a suitable applicant. Apply to W. T. PAGE, Jun., Solicitor, Lincoln. URSERY and MARKET GARDEN BUSINESS, established thirty years, on rail ri miles from London, to be DISPOSED OF by Widow of Proprietor, as it stands — 25 acres in all — part on Lease, part Yearly Agree- ment. Well Stocked, with good Residence, Four stlendid Greenhouses, Strawberry and Gooseberry Plantations, &c. A first-rate Trade and Private Connection. NURSERY, Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. First-class opportunity to Intending Dairymen, Sec. JT^OR SALE, genuine old-established (90 : years) DAIRY BUSINESS. Main road, doing lo Barn Gallons daily, also large trade in Butter, Eggs, Nevill's Bread, Packet Tea. &c. Perambulator, Churns, and all utensils. Rent £,-2^ : % Acre of Garden. Business taught if requued. Price ;£t20. No agents. Apply, DEVONSHIRE DAIRY. High Road, Lower Tottenham. To Gardeners and Others. NURSERY and FLORIST, N.W. — An opportunity seldom met with for a couple of enterprising men about entering into business. There is every convenience, and position undeniable, with a rapidly improving neighbour- hood. Terms easy. FLORIST, 4, Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, W.C. INVESTMENT.— A most comfortable, newly erected MODERN RESIDENCE, at Twickenham, close to the Station and the river Thames — Dining-room, 24 X 18 ; Billiard -room same size, two other Reception-rooms, seven Bedrooms, Stabling, Grounds half an acre in extent, tastefully laid out ; fine Orchid and Plant-houses, with all modern im- provements. The whole most suitable to a Gentleman with a taste for horticulture. Price. ;^2300. Addressj D., Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, who will give cards to view. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti- CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton- stone, E, Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. MILLINGTON and CoTenglish • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants, 43, Commercial Street, E. W HAT A MISTAKE, V T because we don't advertise weekly, to suppose that we do not possess a large Stock. We have Seventeen Acres entirely devoted to Flowers, and above seventy employes. Every department is kept in the highest order, and Plants and Seeds alwavs ready to be sent to all parts of the Globe. Send for a CATALOGUE. H. CANNELL ahd SONS, The Home for Flowers, Swanley, Kent. CATALOGUEjnew and descriptive. — Alpines and Hardy Perennials, comprising 2000 species. Post-free on application.— STANSFIELD BROTHERS. Southpott. R P To the Trade. OSES ON OWN ROOTS, GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE D'OR, &c. ^2 per 100 for cash, carefully packed, out of 4/^-inch pots. MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, bristol. To tlie Trade. BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING RASPBERRY.. Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on applicalion, EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull. INES, Surplus, for SALE, healthy and clean~2o strong Plants and 36 Suckers J. M., ig, Waterloo Place, North Shields. OSE BUDS, for Budding— Teas, -js. 6d. ; H.P., 5^. ; Newer Varieties, 61, per 100 ; my selection, chaice kinds only, from LIST per arrangement. W. CAUDWELL, F.R.H.S.. The Ivies, Wantage. pHADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED. V-.^ — This seed has been grown by careful selection for six- teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is recommended to Farmert as a safe crop to plant — selling ihe Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough — feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price ys. per pound in small quantities ; 5s. 6cf. per pound for 20 lb, and upwards. For Cash only. Apply to Mr. RAN DELL. Chadbury, near Evesham. 8PYER8' MEMORIAL FUND. Committee. William Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead. R. P. Percival, Esq., Clevelands, Birkdale, Southport. J. T. Peacock. Esq., Sudbury House, Hammersmith. W. Dr. Paterson, Bridge of Allan. Mr. Harry Veitch, Royal Exotic Nursery. Chelsea, S,W. Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria Nursery, Holloway, N. Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans. Mr, W. Thomson, Clovenfords. F. A, Philbnck, Esq , Oldfield, Bickley. Kent. W. E. Brymer, Esq , M.P., 8, St. James' Street, S.W. Mr. James, Norwood. 7 reasurer. — Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F. R.S.,the Gart/cw^M* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Secretary. — Mr. James O'Brien, Harrow-on-lhe-HiU, to whr m all communications should be addressed. Subscriptions since those acknowledged July 7. Baron Alfred de Rothschild £,i 1 o Baron Leopold de Rothschild .. .. .. •■ 3 3 o T. Farmer Hall, Esq.. Effingham House, Leatherhead 550 Mr, Ed. Morfe, The Nurseries, Epsom .. .. i i o Mr. Tracy, Twickenham . . . . . , . . . . o to o A. Benecke, E^q,, and Mrs. Benecke .. .. .. s o o Messrs. Colts & Sons .. ,. .. .. ..iio J. L. W 110 Geo. Meredeth, Esq. .. ,. .. .. ..100 Mr. Challecombe .. ., .. .. .. .. o 10 6 Mr, Beasley .. .. .. .,050 Mr. Tidy 050 Mr. Teal 026 Mr, Pitts 050 G. E. F 010 Mr. Saunders 020 Mr. Cole .. .. .. ..020 Messrs. J. Ivery & Sons .. .. .. .. . . o 10 6 Mr. Bain o 10 6 Mr. Dewdney .. .. .. .. .. ..020 Mr. Burnett 050 Mr. Sciver o 10 6 Mr. Mortemore .. .. . . o 10 o Mr. Irons .. .. .. .. .. .. ..020 Mr. Wiggins 026 Mr. T, Bloxam .. .. .. .. .. ..026 Mr. Walton .. .. .. ., o 10 o Mr. Putney .. .. .. .. o 10 o Mr. Bond .. .. ..020 Mr. Osborns.. .. .. .. .. .. ..050 Mr. Gold 050 Mr. Swindon.. .. .. .. .. .. ..020 Mr. T. E. Rose 050 Mr. Megeney .. .. .. .. .. ..050 Mr, Dickenson .. .. .. .. .. ..020 Mr. Ampleford .. .. .... ., ..026 Mr. Gueriott 050 Mr. Bick ..050 Mr. Baxter .. .. .. .. .. .. . . o 10 o Mrs. Mann oSo Mr. Norton .. ,. .. .. .. .. ..050 Mrs. Lucas .. .. .. .. .. .. ..040 Mr. Fielder 050 Mrs. Bloxam.. .. .. .. ., .. ..076 Mr. Tweed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o 10 o Miss D acre .. .. .. .. .. .. . . o 10 o Robert Warner, Esq., Broomfield i i o J. N. Fitch. Esq., 17, Eversholt Street, N.W. .. i i o Mr. H. Ballantine, The Gardens, The Dell, Egham. . i i o Mr. H, Burberry, Marks Tey .. .. .. . . o 10 o Friends and Schoolfellows, through Mr, Thos. Yeates 13 14 o GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEFDSE. e,d. per bushel : loo for 25^ : truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40^. ; 4.bushel bags, ^d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks. 25s ; sacks, ^d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks, ^d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. ij. grf. per bushel ; isi. per half ton, 26J per ton ; in 2 bushel baes, ^d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 81, erf per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. Write for Free Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, \s. per bag, including bag. Truck-load, 255., firee on rail, Ux- bridge, G.W.R. Order accompanied by remittance will insure prompt attention, J. H. VAVASSEUR AND CO., Cocoa-Nut Fibre Mills, Uxbridge, Middlesex. 12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Oichids. Stove Plants. &c.. £,b 6$. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT» for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15^-. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags, 225. 6(f.; 10 Bags, 45^- Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, Tos 6(/. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 5 2 j. per Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £s per Truck of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure. Manufactured by tlie LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL OOWIPANY (JOHN COWAN), Limited, me Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, and Sold by tJiem and all Nurserymeyi and Seedsmen. This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes grown by Messrs. Wri. Tho^ison & Son, Clovenfords. For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli- cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters received by the Company from those who have used the manure. tti Jl'LY 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 67 R I D G W A Y'S NEW PATENT HEDGE, GRASS, AND LAWN-EDGE CUTTING MACHINES, Strongly recommended by the FicUi^ Gardeners^ C/ironu/Cj and all the best authorilics. Patronised by Her Majesty's Commissioners of Forests, and have received additional orders from Windsor Great Park every year since their introduction. From General Jones, Titer nh'y, Uarroiu-oH-ihe-IIill, Oct. 1, 1882 :— *' I liave the pleasure to inclose F.O.O. for the amount due. The Hedge Cutter and Grass Cutter are first-rate; the Edge Cutter is tqiially good.— P.S. I show them to .my of my visitors. From 'I'homas Beattie & Co.. North Uimi Seed Wanhviae^ Belfast, August 7, "Please send us (orward three mere la Clirpers by ..he;tpcst and quickct route. Yi kind and pn mpt alimtion will oblige. P.a. They are a good thing." 0/ Ire- '^2 1 — edge iiil , Kci^hley, Au-^.^, LAWN-EDGE CLIPPER audTurfTrlmmer Piice 15^. ; 20J-., btst polished. Warranted very imich superior to anv otlier implemtnl for the purpose, as it wi.l rut when moved eillit r backwLLid or ffirward, thcrcbv nnking a mutli cleantr shave. 1 the b' St yet made, ar.d Iltdfie Cutter in use for the la'-t two Best ,. g/- The Gra<;s Cut- ters have recenrly bien much iir- proved. When dull hy long use, or cut- ling through sod. &C , it is quickly and ea'iily shnrp- ened by an ordin- ary mill-savv file. I'de for sharpeninij any cf the above machines, 15. extra. From John Carter, Nurseryman and Secii%m.xn will certainly do its wo»k well." From h\Ji\K\iVs^^%zoTT^ Sherhoi-HC Gar Jens, Oi'lo\'>' \Q. 1882: — "After hiving years, I am now able to give you my opinion of them, and that i; I consider them by far the best machines for Hedge Cntnui; I have ever seen. One man can do more work with them, and with more ease, than two men can do with the !shear>, and niike much better work than is usually done with them." From C. W. MoRRiss, Esq., F.R.H.S.. King's Lynn. February 23 :— " Dear Sir,— Please send me another of the T4-Inch polished Grass Cutters. They are invaluable for trimmmg the grass roiuid specimen shrubs, the corners and banld. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With illustrations. Svo, clolh, price 9.. ILINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMICAL BOTANY. With numerous Illuslra- tions. Svo, cloth, price <,s. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For .Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price \s, sewed. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Eouverie Street, E.G. To His R0y.1l Hig^lIIe^s the Prince of Wales. For Beautilul Flowers and Fruits Use CIIUHIi, ROUND and CO.'s Patent COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS, As supplied to all (he Royal Gardens and Principal Nurseries of Europe. Guaranteed Ab.solutblv Pure. Frre from any Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa-Niit Hubks, and can only be ohtaiiied from us direct. This article is not to be confused with so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, snid by dealers and others at ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. AmonRst numerous Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Pennv, Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales : "The Gar- dens, Sandringham. February 28, 1S83. — I must say your Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ; in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for hO many purposes in Horticulture is :i thorouRh boon, Make what use ynu like of ihis letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs, Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c. DESTROYS ALIi SLUGS AND INSECTS. An elegant Bordering to Flo-wcr Beds. Combines -warmth and cleanlifiess -with valuable antiseptic and deodorising properties. Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather. Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks, is. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 135.: 15 sacks, i8j. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ; 30 sacks, 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2. Limited quantities of P.M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated, in sacks only, as. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita- tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the Manufacturers, chUBB, ROUND & CO., Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E. Important Discovery. For Cleansing Plants from Aphides and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame- rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale, &c., and for Washing all Hard- Wooded Plants, always use HUDSON'S SOAP. A 5 lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water. A strong solution thickened with clay niaJces an effective Winter Dressing. Testimonial. " Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 2S. 1S80. "We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard- wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you wiih this testimonial, and remain, yours truly, (Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO." REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE ! of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING BY USING HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP. GARDEN REQUISITES. PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND, PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO CLOTH, &c. Quality equal to any in the Market. (All Sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous „ best black fibrous . . ,, extra selected Urchid LOAM, best yellow fibrous PREPARED COMPOST, best LEAF MOULD .. ... PEAT MOULD SILVER SAND (coarse) RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported. ,. PAPER, finest imported .. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see speciai advertisement). Terms, strictly Cash with order. us. 6d. per sack. . 3s. 6d. . 5S. od. ,, . ' IS, per bushel (sacks , f included). IS. 2d. per bushel. led, per lb. 8d. per lb., 28 lb. i8>-. icd. per lb.. aS lb. 21J CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL, LONDON, E. SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide. For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage. Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, ij, M., 25. 6d., 4J. 6if. a bottle. Per gallon I3r. 6if , or less in larger quantities. Maker, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale Druggists. New Yoik ; RiiLiCER & Sons. 68 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots— Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 501. per 100. BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds, including Alfred Neuner, price 40J. per \o-i. W. JACKSON, Elalcedown, near Kidderminster. Now in FiUl Bloom. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS BEGON IAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors. Railway Stations — Catford Bridge, 5 minutes' walk : Forest Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery. Forest Hill. RIMULAS and CINERARIAS lor WIN- TER-BLOOMING.— Bull's Grand Premier Prize Strain, the finest strain grown, and greatest variety of colours. Twelve of either for \s. id., twenty-four for 2j. , free, S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Helper. (CYCLAMENS. — Bull's and Lamb's Cele- ^^ brated Prize Strains, really grand varieties. Pot now to bloom next winter. Twelve for \s. 4^. , twenty-four for 25 dd. , free. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Helper. Special Offer of Spring BROCCOLI and CELERY PLANTS, viz. : Carters' Champion, Cattell's Eclipse, Early White, Late White, Brimstone, Veitch's Autumn Giant CAULIFLOWER, and other Auluinn BROCCOLI, 5.1. per 1000. ioo,oco Red and While transplanted CELERY, 7J. td. per 1000. 100,000 ditto, from seed bed, 5^. per 1000. Strong and well rooted. Post-office Orders must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents. Delivered free on rail, W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford. PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS of beautiful J- strains at \s. €d, per dozen, ic^. per 100, post-free. TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, named, ^s. per dozen. FUCHSIAS, named, 12 in 12 sorts, 2J. ; 100 in 50 sorts, from single pots, iir. CHEAP PLANTS. —Wallflowers. Canterbury Bells, Sweet Williams, Polyanthus, Primroses — good seedlings, Zd. per dozen, 50 for sj, ; 100 for 3^. 6(/. IVY, 12 beautiful varieties, for covering walls, boxes, &c., strong plants, ts. HONEYSUCKLES, CLEMATIS, in fine named sorts, 9^. per dozen, good plants. PENTSTEMONS, PHLOXES, and PYRETHRUMS, for display this summer, 12 roots of each, strong (not Postal scraps), all named, io,r. td. ; half number, 6j. COLEUS, LANTANAS. ABUTILONS, BEGONIAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, for pot culture, all named and strongly rooted, -zs. ^d. per dozen, post-free. HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— Plant now and avoid losses, as the plants will be well established before winter, and secure good blooms for next season : 12 in 12 sorts, 31. 6d. ; 50 in 50 sorts, 12s. 6d. ; 100 in 100 varieties, 24s. FERNS. — 12 beautiful kinds, for cool greenhouse, distinct, post free, 5^. SPLENDID DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, or Bouquet, 2s. 6d. per dozen, all named. GERANIUMS—Double, Single, or Ivy-leaf— for pot culture, 12 distinct and fine varieties, post-free, 4s., admirable for winter bloom. WM. CLIBRAN and SONS, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham. Gardenias. MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH and CO.'S Stock of GARDENIAS was never so extensive or good as it is this season. They have thousands of plants to select from, in all sizes, from fine specimens in 18-inch pots to small plants in 6o's. All clean and healthy, and to a large extent well set with buds for winter flowering. Vkbv rbasonablb Prices will be quoted on application. Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. LOWER ROOTS for Early Forcing, carriage pre-paid. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, per 100, 225 ; per dozen. 31. DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER-WHITE POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, each, per 100, 15^. ; per dozen, 2s. 6d. First consignment received. Large strong flowering bulbs. Early orders solicited. DICKSON AND ROBINSON, 12. Old Millgate, Manchester. Primulas — Primulas — Primulas. Fourteenth Year of Distribution. WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN, ij. 6d. per dozen, los. per 100. CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage free. The above are quite equal to those I have sent out in previous years. Cash with order. JOHN STEVENS. The Nurseries, Coventry. EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb- ing and bedding, from 12s. to 2.^^. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. BULB SEASON, 1883. GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others, by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may obtain the FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED, and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and So, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.G. Notice.— Inspection Invited, rpHOMAS S. WARE -*- has much pleasure in informing his numerous patrons and all others interested in HARDY PLANTS, that a large portion of his Collection is now in flower, including the following : — PINKS, a grand collection, including Mrs. Sinkins, the finest white ever sent out ; PICOTEES and CARNATIONS, including Gloire de Nancy, and all of the best leading varieties ; grand collections of PENTSTEMONS, POTENTILLAS, and DELPHINIUMS. LILIUMS are in fine condition- thousands of such grand varieties as colchicum, pomponium verum, pardalinum, pumilum, Humboldtii, Parryi, califoroicum, parvum, giganteum, pardalinum, \Va5hingtonianum, and many others, are either in full bloom or will be in a few days ; as well as many other BULBOUS PLANTS, CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE. ORCHIS HIRCINA, O. FOLIOSA, and a host of other first-class HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estittiaies and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any pari of iJt£ Kingdom. THE BEST MATERIALS ■ MODERATE CHARGES. Our Maxim is and always has been- riRST-CLASS WORK. HORTIOULTURAI. STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c. JAMES BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ANU HEATING ENGINEERS, PAISLEY. LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU MaU, S.W -■=5S^S^^S > ft a o APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS. ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION. PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind, Horse, or Manual Power, Prices upon application with particulars of requirements. Waroer's Garden, Farm, or Greenhouse Lift Pumps. Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or Portable Force Pump for Manure. Warner's Portable Pump, with Improved Valves for Liquid Manure. WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, CRKSCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.G. LAWN MOWERS, Shanks', Green's. Excelsior, Invnncible, IS per Cent, for Cash off MAKERS" PRICES. Cakkiace Paid. THE L UGHBOROUGH HOT 'WATER APPARATUS Complete, with 1 2 ft. of 4-in. pipe, .£4 4 J. Requiresno brick setting,nostokeliole and no Hot -water Fitter for fixing,and burns over 12 hours without attention. SUBURBAN SEAT. 5 feet .. 17s. 6 feet .. igr. Garden Seats in Great Variety CONSERVATORIES and GREENHOUSES. Garden Rollers, Barrows, EnRines. The prices given include Erecting Comflete with all ne- ^^l^lZjl^S' Arches and Hurdles, ces=arybrickwork,&c.,withini5milesofLondonBridge. -«=5WssssBs»^ ' "" '^ SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY. Size, IS ft. by 9 ft. so ft. by 12 ft. 25 ft. by 15 ft. Price, £2,a. ii^ loj. AsS. LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE. Size, ioft.x6ft. i2ft.xaft. isft.Xioft. joft.Xisft. Price, £\g los. £23 los. £zg los. .£40. Proportionate prices for other sizes, and at any distance. Orders over jC^ sent Free to any Station. ^ Discount for Cash. niustratei GARDElf CA TALOGUE free. IRON TABLE. WATER BARROW. Price .. 21J. I5gall.,30j.;20gall.,36j. DEANE & CO., 46, King William Street, LONDON BRIDGE, E.G. July 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 69 CABBAGE FOR PRESENT SOWING SUTTONS' IMPERIAL. The best Cab- bage (or spiiiit; use. If sown ihe first or second week in July it will produce beautiful Cab- bages for early spring use. Heads cone- shaped, very large, firm, and of mild flavour. Is. per ounce. ENFIET.D MARKET, 6rt. per ounce. SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, 9c/. per ounce. IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, 8<^. per ounce. LARGE BLOOD-RED. 9^/. per ounce. Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans): all goods value 20i. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or Wales. SUTTON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. R i M U L A S~. TOMKINS' CELEBRATED PRIMULAS. This years' crop IS now harvested and Seed is exceptionally fine. All firit-class varieties. In packets, 2J. dd. and 5s. each. Best terms to the Trade. Address, THE NURSERIES, Spark Hill, near Birmingham. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER AND FARM, The BEST procurable, at the Lowest Prices consistent with GENUINENESS. ILLUSTRATED DESCEIPTIVE LIST on appUcatlon. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. DUTCH BULBS. A NT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, -^■*- Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland, Have pleasure in informing tlieir numerous friends that their Crop of Bulbs is unusually fine this year, and they respectfully request that all Orders be sent them as early as possible. Their full and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1883 will be sent, post-free, on application to their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO., s, Billiter Square, London, E.G. D A N I E L S' WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI. The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference. Seed, with complete Cultural Directions, IS. (3d. per packet, post-free. Daniels Bros. ('""iSpr,"!""), Norwich. R. W. BEEDELL. PRIMTJIiAS! - PRIMULAS! BEST STRAIN THAT CAN BE BOUGHT. Is. 6d. per dozen, Ss. per 100. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, \s. 6d. per dozen, 8s. per loo. CINERARIAS, GLOXINIAS, AURICULAS, and CAL. CEOLARIAS, IS. 6rf. per dozen, 8i. per loo. ABUTILONS, in variety, id. each. ADIANTUM FARLEYENSE, from single pots, Ss. per dozen. K. W. BEEDELl, The Nurseries, Wallington, Surrey. ROSES IN POTS, All the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from \%s. to 36^. per dozen. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application. WEBBS' Emperor CABBAGE. The Best Cabbage in Cultivation. 64. and Is. per Paclcet, 2s. per Ounce Mr J. Muir, in the " Journal of Horti- culture," of May 24, 1883, says :— "Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage measures 70 feet -^ 50 feet, and here we have many sorts growing. The best of aU these at the present time is WEBBS' EMPEROR." Per Ounce, EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE ENFIELD MARKET EARLY KAINHAM EARLY DWARF YORK LARGE RED DUTCH All Garden Seeds Free do. do. do. do. Post-free. 8d. 8d. 9d. 6d. is. by Post or Rail. WEBB & SONS, - THE (JUEENS SEEDSMEN, W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE. AMERICAN SEEDS. 2tnCl. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale or Retail. SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden, PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS, PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES, WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO, OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS, BOOKS, &c. All offered by the oldest and ever the most extensive Seed Farmers in America. Founded in 1784. ADDRESS .■— LANDRETH & SONS, PHILADELPHIA. FERNS A SPECIALITY. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS and SELAOINELIiAS, Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (price 61/.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had FREE on application. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. THE SATURDAY, JULY 21, i88j. UNSHADED ORCHIDS. AN opportunity of again seeing the Orchids grown at the York Nurseries in unshaded houses, after another year's progress under such conditions, goes to confirm the impression as to the advantage of this kind of treatment for a large number of species which, in common with those possessing leaves that will not bear ex- posure to the drying influence of the sun, have hitherto been supposed by many to require shade. The large house originally used for pot Vines is now occupied by Orchids, consist- ing of thousands of plants, old-established speci- mens as well as others more recently introduced, collectively in a condition of health and vigour such as it is not possible to improve upon, if even to equal. Each season sees some addi- tional kinds tried under the non-shading system. Epidendrum vitellinum is now on trial, and seems to stand exposure without showing any ill effects. The large numbers of different kinds of Barkeria which have for three or four years been fully exposed in this house present an appearance possibly never before seen out of their native habitats ; quantities of B. Skinneri, only imported last year, are this season making growth double the size of anything we have before seen. These beautiful, but with many growers unmanageable plants, keep on growing each season with increased vigour, exhibiting none of the signs of weakness usual after being cultivated for a time. Oncidium Lanceanum — another ticklish subject so often affected with spot, yet when in good condition one of the finest and most distinct of Orchids — is here quite at home, making leaves unusually broad and thick. All the thicker leaved Dendrobiums revel in the strong light, D. formosum especially. Amongst Epidendrums the lovely E. nemorale may be seen in perfection ; a lot of plants occupying a considerable space on one of the side stages are pushing up their flower-spikes literally as thickly as the shoots on a bed of Willows. Vanda teres, as those conversant with the conditions under which this beautiful species usually thrives and flowers freely would expect, is just suited with the treatment, as also is V. ccerulea. Saccolabium Blumei and S. gigan- teum are alike strong and fully able to bear the sun, along with the many other species here located. But it is amongst the large and beautiful family of Cattleyas, and their allies, the Ljelias, that the experiment of exposure is the most marked in its effects. C. Skinneri, C. Leopold!, C. Mendeli, C. Mossia?, C. Warneri, C gigas, and C. gigas Sanderiana— the new and magnificent form of C. gigas— (the best forms of this are greatly superior to the old gigas, with the additional merit that they are as free in flowering as the old kind is shy), C. Gaskelliana, and C. Triana: are present in quantity, and the growths they make are of a character that not only gives evidence of their treatment being the right one for the time being, but, what is of equal importance, the plants have an appearance that forecasts a con- tinuance of rude health. 70 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. Not the least remarkable result of the un- usual strength and substance which the whole growth, bulbs and leaves, attain, is the endur- ance the flowers produced by plants so grown exhibit ; the flowers of C. Trianae lasting for eight or nine weeks. The fact of cultivation having much to do with the length of time Orchid flowers last has been observed by some engaged in their culture, but evidently not to its fullest extent by all ; hence the controversies ,that have taken place as to the time the flowers of particular species last. As might naturally be expected from the near affinity of Cattleyas and Ljelias, the latter succeed equally as well as the former under exposure to sun ; how they bloom may be judged from a single spike of LEelia purpurata which we saw carrying eight large flowers. In fact, quantity and endurance in the flowers are the natural outcome of this kind of treatment. Yet any one who would be inconsiderate enough to submit a house of plants to sudden and com- plete exposure to the summer sun, that up to the time had been at all subjected to close, dark, coddling treatment, would find to their cost the mistake, as the spongy texture of the plants would not bear the ordeal. A few plants of this character v^hich Messrs. Backhouse have purposely submitted to the test have almost shrivelled out of existence. The gradual reduction of shading with more air for a summer or two would be necessary to prepare soft-grown plants to stand the sun. Neither will many Orchids do wholly without shade at mid-day in bright weather, either in lean-to houses facing south, or in such as are span-roofed when the ends of the structure stand east and west, for reasons that cannot fail to be obvious to any one who has noticed how the bars and rafters minimise the sun's power at noon in houses that stand in opposite positions to the above-named. In another unshaded house a large batch of Sobralia macrantha nana was a blaze of bloom, the great flowers bending down the stout stems not more than i8 inches high. Lajlia anceps, L. autumnalis, and L. majalis, with such kinds as Dendrobium infundibulum, Ccelogyne cristata, and many others that succeed under similar conditions of temperature, are thriving as well as they possibly could do. Like the others that are subjected to non-shading, the colour of the leaves is paler than where shaded, but both bulbs and leaves have a hard, board- like texture that shows their robust condition. One of the consequences that naturally follow the sun's unobstructed rays coming directly on the plants is, that they require much more water, not alone on account of the drying in- fluence it has on the material in which their roots are placed, but equally so by the more vigour imparted to the plants which enables them to take more without any danger of the young growths or the roots decaying through its presence. This is a decided gain in more ways than one ; where water can be given freely to plants overhead it is one of the best means for keeping them clear of insects, especially thrips ; and when the plants are thus not impatient of receiving a little more or having it a little sooner than it may be required, it is not necessary to look so minutely into their condition before giving it. Those who have had much to do with Orchid cultivation know that where the plants are grown soft and tender they are impatient of receiving the least water more than they require, and that it takes consider- able practice to determine when it should be withheld and when given, Messrs. Backhouse's sun-exposed Orchids need none of this nice discrimination. Whilst these notes were being taken the thousands of Cattleyas and other occupants of these unshaded houses were being watered overhead from the spout of an ordinary watering-pot, it being applied to them with as little stint as if the whole had been a bed of Cabbages ; and to enable the potting material to keep moist longer a much greater body of it is used for the Cattleyas and allied species than is generally looked upon as orthodox in prac- tice. In fact the whole treatment may well be described as Orchid growing simplified, with results vastly more satisfactory than those which have been the outcome of the mistaken over-kindness with which these plants have too long been inflicted. CYRTANDRA PENDULA, .S/.« A PLANT of the typical form of this species flowered some time since at Kew ; it differs from the plant figured under this name in Hooker's Iconcs Planiartim, vol. viii., t. 1735-36, and in the Flore des jfardins, vol. iv., p. 161, t. II, and to which Mr, C. B. Clarke, who has monographed the Cyrtan- draccte for De Candolle's Monogi-aphui: Fhaiierq- gamarttm, has applied the varietal name of Blumeana, in having larger, longer petioled leaves, and espe- cially in the inflorescence, the peduncle being twice as long as in var. Blumeana ; the involucre is not cup-shaped, but spread open nearly flat (though this may not always be the case), and the corolla is not straight, but somewhat abruptly bent, and swollen from the point where it emerges from the calyx. The following is a brief description of it : — Stem short and stout, somewhat creeping. Leaves opposite on long petioles, elliptic or elliptic-lanceo- late acute ; base acute or subcordate, above glabrous, dark green, with greyish blotches, beneath pale green, glabrous, with the nerves and petiole covered with fine, short, curly brown hairs. Peduncle about 6 inches long, bent down so as to lie upon the earth, covered with fine curly brown hairs. Involucre openly spreading, rough at base from elongated pro- cesses. Flowers several, sessile in the involucre. Calyx 10 — II lines long, with five subulate teeth, and splitting open on one side to about one-third the way down, pale brownish, covered with fine, adpressed, silky brown hairs. Corolla at its exsertion from the calyx and from that point somewhat abruptly enlarged or inflated, i^ inch long, subequally 5-lobed, the lobes elliptic oblong, obtuse, white, clothed outside with adpressed silky brown hairs, like the calyx, inside dotted with purple on the lower side of the Inflated part. A native of Java. JV. E, Brown^ Kew. Spathantheum HETERANDRUiM, N. E. Brown. This is the remarkable and interesting Aroid that was described by Mr. Baker in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1S76, vol. vi., p. 164, as Gamochlamys heterandra, and is figured in the Re/iigium Botanintm at t. 346, under the same name, but upon dissecting it in 1S7S I found that it is really a second species of the little known genus Spathantheum. In the above places this plant is stated to be a native of Africa, but this is exceedingly doubtful, as the only other known member of the genus is Bolivian, therefore it is probable that S. heterandrum also comes from the same region. After a lapse of twelve years this remarkable plant has again flowered at Kew, not having flowered since 1871, when it was in the pos- session of Mr. Wilson Saunders. As it has already been described and figured further description is un- necessary beyond saying that it produces its inflor- escence before the leaves appear, having a tall green scape, and a boat-shaped green spathe, with no dis- tinct spadix, but having the unisexual flowers arraged in rows along the midrib of the spathe, the males in the centre, the females outside ; the leaf is solitary on a long petiole, erect, and elliptic in outline, with deeply laciniated margins. Since 1S73, when it first came to Kew, it has been several times exhibited in the T range. N. E. Brown. Promen.ea stapelioides (Lindl.) hetekoptera, n. var. This is a new variety of an old and well-known plant. Its sepals are only partially painted with stripes and blotches of a much lighter brown than the petals, which are like the petals and sepals in the com- mon variety, though the stripes are more numerous ; thus a curious contrast is effected. I had it from Messrs. H. Low & Co. H. G. Rchb. f. * Cyrtandra pendula,SQ\\im^, Bijdragen, p. 768 ; DC, Fred. X., p. 28 1 : Miq. , Fl. I)td. Bat., ii. , p. 739. WILD PLANTS ON BOXHILL. Whether to botanists or pleasure-seekers gener- ally, Boxhill offers temptations and allurements of no ordinary kind, affording a retreat at once exhilarating to the spirits, attractive and picturesque on all sides, striking the eye of the beholder who is accustomed to more populated thoroughfares with a sense of relief, and a feeling that the world seems wider than when the vision is bounded by parallel lines of houses in a level country. Approaching the hill from the rail- way station the prospect is very imposing, where the chalk of which it is composed rises abruptly to the height of several hundred feet, and seems so steep that the wonder is how vegetation can exist ; yet it is closely covered with large Yew bushes, which give it a dark and sombre appearance. Crossing the wind- ing river Mole, the ascent is made by a footpath on a grassy sloping flank of the hill. Here the close greensward is enlivened in a charming manner with patches of Polygala vulgaris, in various shades of blue, purple, and white, interspersed with Poterium Sanguisorba, Linum catharticum, Chlora perfoliata {a pretty Gentianwort with sea-green leaves and yel- low flowers, often cultivated in gardens), and Carex recurva ; while amongst grasses Briza media and Avena pubescens are prominent — the former a pretty perennial species by no means very common. Once the summit is gained the country opens on the view like a grand panorama, showing the scat- tered hamlets and villages nestling amidst the leafy bowers of trees, from which ascends the busy hum of the human population, supplemented by the noisy whiz of passing trains, while the flight of time is duly noted by the village clock. The Box tree (Buxus sempervirens), considered in- digenous in this country only in Surrey, occurs plenti- fully on many parts of the hill, and gives evidence of being at home by the number of seedlings scattered about. All over the hill the flora is peculiarly rich, but the greatest number of interesting and tare plants seem to abound on the southern and western slopes. In the woody parts Sanicula europrea, Ajuga reptans, and Scilla nutans find suitable places; while under the Beech trees Neottia nidus-avis attracts attention by its peculiar scaly leafless brown stems, and flowers resembling at first sight an Orobanche. It is, more- over, a parasite on the roots of the Beech, and is the original Bird's-nest of Linnreus, although included by some modern authors in the genus Listera. Amongst other Orchids, Aceras anthropophora is most widely distributed ; Habenaria bifolia (the Butterfly Orchis) crops up here and there at wide intervals ; while Gymnadenia conopsea, another fragrant species, is pretty frequent on the grassy southern slope, along with Orchis maculata, which is less frequent. Cephal- anthcra grandiflora occurs in widely distant colonies under the shade of trees. Ophrys apifera (the Bee Orchis) is the most beautiful, and to the Orchid lover the most interesting of the group. The flowers are not numerous, but the large pink sepals form a charm- ing contrast to the pale velvety-brown labellum varie- gated with yellow. The plant is abundant in open glades on the south-western slope, and the wonder is it has not been exterminated by the ravages of col- lectors. Isolated plants of Echium vulgare, one of the prettiest of our native Borageworts, bear bright blue flowers. Although of annual or biennial dura- tion, the plant is more worthy of cultivation than hundreds that are far more difficult to manage. Onobrychis sativa, with its pyramidal panicles of rosy-red flowers beautifully veined with a deeper shade, is rather plentiful on the dry open slope, and is considered an escape from cultivation, except in the southern part of England. Certainly it deserves more attention than it gets as a plant for the herbaceous border. Hippocrepis comosa, another pretty pea-flowering plant, is also rare. The slender stems and small pinnate leaves lie on the ground, forming a close carpet of green, while the umbels of yellow flowers are borne erect, and have rather a refined appearance. It forms an ornamental plant for the rockery, and is often cultivated there. Plantago media, the most conspicuous of our native Plantains, studs the grass here and there, from which it raises its tall heads of flowers, rendered attractive by the purple stamens and white anthers. Helian- themum vulgare is a gay rock-plant, but like those of its congeners, the yellow flowers are very fugacious — a fault compensated for in a measure by their succes- sional development. The only representative we have in this country of the Yam family, Tamus communis, July 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 71 is also interesting as a twiner that might be utilised for covering fences. The foliage only is ornamental, as the small flowers are green and inconspicuous. Other rare or interesting plants abound, although not in flower ; amongst which Clematis Vitalba is notice- able, especially towards Dorking, where it grows abundantly in the crevices of the chalk. Z,. THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— VI. (Continued from p. 12.) Sub-genus Tulipa proper.— Stigma sessile. Section 3. Ges>!eria?uc. — Filaments without a tuft of hairs at the base. Bulb-coats glabrous, or fur- nished with a few adpressed hairs inside. Perianth campanulate, usually bright red. Leaves usually broad. Sub-section 4. — Peduncle permanently pubescent. All the six segments of the perianth, narrowed to an acute point. 29. T. siiavcolois, Roth. — Marked in the section by its dwarf habit, broad leaves, very downy peduncle, large fragrant perianth, with six equal oblong acute segments, and large stigma. It flowers in March and the early part of April, and is, no doubt, the original stock of many of our early-flowering garden forms. I have seen numerous wild specimens gathered by Pallas on the shores of the Caspian Sea, and from Sarepta, by Becker and Prescott ; and it is reported also from the banks of the Don by Henning, and from the Crimea by Steven. It is the Tulipa precox of Parkinson, and the Tulipa dubii pumilio of Clusius. Figures will be found in the Botanical Magazine, t. Sjg ; Redoutc's Liliaa\c, t. Ill; and the Flore dcs Serves^ t. 1223. 30. T. slrai!i;iilala, Reboul.— Very near the last, with which it is united by Dr. Regel, but much taller, and the segments furnished at the base with a large black blotch both in the typical red-flowered and also in some of the yellow varieties. T. neglecta, T. Bonarotiana, and T. vario-picta are no doubt mere colour-varieties of the same plant. They are found in cultivated fields near Florence, and flower towards the end of April. Four of the forms are figured in the Botanical Ra^ister, tab. 1990. 31. T, Iwtiia, Boiss. et Heldr. — Bulb as large as in T. Gesneriana, the outer tunics nearly or quite hair- less inside. Stem about a foot long in the wild plant, with three Gesneriana-like leaves, the lowest 14 — 2 inches broad, much undulated towards the edge. Peduncle pubescent, 3 — 4 inches long. Perianth campanulate, always bright red, i^ — 2 inches long in the wild plant, all the six segments decidedly acute and furnished with a black Oculus-solis-like blotch at the base. Filaments black, linear, glabrous, equal- ling the anthers. Stigma about equalling the diameter of the ovary. A native of corn- fields in Greece, where it flowers in March. A near ally of T. suaveolens. T. Euanthiaa of Orphanides, which I have not seen, is now placed by both Boissier and Nyman under this species. 32. T, Kanfinanniana, Regel, Gartenjlora, tab. 906. — A new, showy, Central Asian species, as yet very little known to us in England. Stature of T. Gesneriana. Leaves three, glaucous ; the lowest oblong-lanceolate, I^ — 2 inches broad. Peduncle erect, downy, 5 — 6 inches long. Perianth nearly 3 inches long in the only living specimen I have seen (which was raised by Mr. Elwes from a bulb sent by Max Leichtlin), bright yellow, slightly tinted with red outside towards the top ; all the six segments oblong and acute, without any basal blotch. Filaments linear, glabrous. I inch long, equalling the anther. Stigma equalling in breadth the diameter of the ovary. Dr. Regel describes and figures two forms, one of which he calls albo-variegata, and the other luteo-variegata. We shall, no doubt, hear further about the plant, which seems a well-marked species. 33. T. altaica, Pallas. — Bulb \ — I inch diameter ; the outer tunics without any hairs inside. Stem 6—9 inches long in the wild specimens. Leaves usually three, the lowest lanceolate, about an inch broad. Peduncle pubescent, 3 — 4 inches long. Peri- anth usually yellow, -rarely red, i — \\ inch long in wild specimens ; all the six segments oblong and decidedly acute, without any basal blotch. Filaments glabrous, lanceolate, equalling the anthers. Stigmas equalling the ovary in diameter. A native of the mountains of South Central Siberia, where it ascends to a height of 6000 feet above sea-level. It is figured by Ledebour, and the red-flowered variety recently by Regel, in the Cartenflora, tab. 942. J. G, Baker, (To be continued.^ SOCIAL LIFE OF ANTS AND PLANTS. Iris now nearly 150 years since Kumphius {Her- bariiiin Amhincust; vi., p. Iig} published figures and descriptions of the Nidus germinans, a curious plant inhabited by ants. ■ According to him the ants not only inhabited the tuber-like root-stock of the plant, but they actually produced the plant itself. lie says : — " This curious production of Nature originates without father or mother ... for it is known that these plants spring up from the substance of ants' nesls wherein there could have been no seed." Evidently Kumphius would have found no difticullies in the way of evolution. lie distinguished two kinds, namely, Nidus germinans formicarum lubratum and Nidus germinans formicarum nigraruni. No writer — or, at least, no botanist — seems to have written on these singular plants after Rumphius, until Dr. Jack in 1S25 described them botanically {Transactions of the Linncan Society^ xiv. , p. 122), and named them respectively jMyrmecodia tuberosa and Hydnophytum formicarum, and rightly referred them to the Rubi- acea.'. They are both of them epiphytes, attaching themselves by their roots to the branches of trees. The bulk of the plant consists of a large irregular tuber-like mass, from which spring a few short leafy branches, bearing small flowers in the axils of their leaves. Concerning their inhabitants Jack gives little in- formation. Of the latter (Hydnophytum) he says : — "The tuber is generally inhabited by ants, and hol- lowed by them into numerous winding passages, which frequently extend a good way into the branches also." Since then several other species have been discovered, and the range of the genera is from the Malayan peninsula to New Guinea, Australia, the Admiralty Islands, and the Fijis. Dr. Beccari, who has travelled so widely in the islands, from Borneo to New Guinea, paid special attention to them ; and Professor Caruel figured and described {Nuovo Ciorjialc Botanico Ihiiiano, iv., p. 170, t. i) a species of Myrmecodia with a spiny tuber. Figures are given of the plant in various stages, from soon after germina- tion up to flower-bearing ; and the text consists largely of Dr. Beccari's notes made in the country where he collected the plant. So persistently is this species inhabited by a certain species of ant, and so early in its existence — even before it has produced any leaves beyond the cotyledons, that, from that and other circumstances, it was supposed the two organisms were mutually beneficial to each other — in fact, necessary to each other and dependent upon each other for existence. Dr. Beccari went so far as to say that the plants die when the ants desert them. Those who did not go so far as to regard it as a case of symbiosis, were mostly convinced that the winding galleries and chambers in the tuber inhabited by the ants were excavated by the latter. Dr. Treub, Director of the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, has had an opportunity of studying the life history of Myrmecodia echinata, from actual germination up to the adult stage, which he describes and illustrates in the Annalcs dit yaidhi Botaniqiic de Buitenzorg, vol. iii., p. 129, t. 20 — 24. What he regards as the most singular fact resulting from his inves- tigations is, that the ants have nothing whatever to do with the formation of the cavities within the tuber. The tuber, instead of arising from the puncture of an ant, as the Oak-gall does from that of a cynips, is a normal production. Soon after ger- mination, and before the first leaves above the seed-leaves are formed, the axis below the cotyledons, or seed-leaves, begins to enlarge ; and it is from this part of the plant that the whole tuber is produced. In a quite young plantlet the tuber consists of a single central vascular bundle, surrounded by parenchyma out to the epidermis. Soon a layer of cork tissue appears in the periphery, and at about the same time a number of woody suberous bundles are formed in a circle nearer the outside than the centre. These ver- tical bundles are subsequently united by oblique ones, the formation of bundles going on in both directions as the plant has need of them. The first circle of bundles precedes, and may be said to announce the formation of the first gallery. Soon a series of trans- verse sections will show under a low power a circular line parallel to the circumference, which a higher magnifier shows to be a layer of meristem. Where this is quite young the whole mass of cells, including the central bundle which it encloses, is still con- tinuous ; but where it is older, some of the central cells are seen to be dried up ; and thus begins the first cavity. As the gallery is formed it is covered with a layer of suberous cells. It extends downwards, and finally it becomes a more or less axile gallery, only closed at the bottom by a thin layer of cork tissue. Eventually this gives way, and the entrance is free. In time other galleries are formed, but whether at first independently or not. Dr. Treub was not able to decide, as they communicate with each other at an early stage. Altogether the internal growths of these tuberous bodies is very curious and interesting. The walls of the galleries are in some parts smooth and uniform, in other parts they are studded with little prominences, which Dr. Treub, dominated by the preconceived idea that the ants were in some way concerned in the nourishment of the plant, at first took for glands, whose function was to absorb certain substances brought within their reach by the ants. On examina- tion, however, they turned out to be lenticels. With regard to the relations existing between the ants and the plant. Dr. Treub has proved that the former are not essential to the latter. As already stated, the ants do not excavate the galleries, which are the result of internal differentiations. Besides the plants that Dr. Treub raised from seed, he has had under observation numerous large ones brought in from fhe forests. Some of those brought in died, while others threw out new roots, and attached them- selves to the trees. Whether the plants lived or died, the little red 'ants that inhabited them in the forest invariably left the tubers either voluntarily, or they were expelled by a species of black ant common in the garden. The plants flourished as well tenanted by black ants as by red, thus affording proof that no particular species of these lively insects was necessary to the plants. Further, they had several plants both of Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum, which were altogether deserted by ants, and flourished neverthe- less, producing leaves, flowers, and fruit, and enlarg- ing their tubers, and forming new galleries. As to the benefits derived by the ants from the plant. Dr. Treub is of opinion that the plant is in- habited by the ants simply because it afTords them a secure shelter. He does not deny that the ants may in return be of some service to the plant, but he has not a single fact to adduce in support of the theory of mutual dependence. Then arises the question — Of what use to the plant is this labyrinth of galleries ? Dr. Treub thinks the most plausible answer is, "to permit of the free cir- culation of atmospheric air within the tuber." The presence of internal lenticels, he says, strengthens this view, because it is generally admitted that len- ticels serve as channels of communication between the tissues and the air. There is one other noteworthy fact in connection with these plants which was first deduced by Professor Caruel. The tubers of several of the species are armed with rigid spines, which are merely trans- formed adventitious roots. Dr. Treub's discovery, that the galleries are not the work of ants, but a part of the natural development of the plant, is no more than might have been ex- pected, when we reflect that this seems to be the usual condition of things in plants inhabited by ants ; and it in no way weakens the theory of mutual service, and perhaps even of mutual dependence under their ordinary state of existence. On the other hand, it may be that in some cases of ant-inhabited plants the plant benefits, in others the insects, while in others both benefit by the arrangement. It has been proved that insectivorous plants flourish as well or even better under favourable cultivation without insects as in the wild state with ; yet they continue to provide the means for entrapping insects. The number of plants in various parts of the world inhabited by ants is very great, and we believe that in all instances of these social relations the plant pro- vides the accommodation for the insect without the aid of the latter. Nevertheless, insects may have been the primary indirect cause of the exaggerated deve- lopment of certain parts or organs of plants which they have inhabited generation after generation. In Tropical America, among other plants, many Melas- tomaccK afford shelter to ants in the form of a pair of pouches or bladders, or one two-lobed pouch, at the base of the blade of each leaf. The genera Tococa, Calophysa, Microphysa, and Myrmidone are specially remarkable for this provision, which takes different shapes and sizes in diverse species. Formerly it was supposed by some botanists that these bladders were 72 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. gall formations, caused by the puncture of the ants ; now I believe nobody doubts that they are normal productions or appendages of the leaf. Another Tropical American plant inhabited by ants is the BuH's-horn Thorn, Acacia cornuta, which is furnished with very large hollow thorns, arranged in pairs, and in shape and direction resembling a pair of horns. These formidable-looking thorns are fully developed in the plant cultivated at Kew. I will conclude this paper with an extract from Belt's Naturalist in Nicaragua^ relating to the economy of the plant last named, leaving the author, of course, responsible for the accuracy of the details : — "... These thorns are hollow, and are tenanted by ants, that make a small hole for their entrance and exit near one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the partition that separates the two hovns ; so that the one entrance serves for both. Here they rear their young, and in the wet season every one of the thorns is tenanted ; and hundreds of young ants are to be seen running about, especially over the young leaves. If one of these be touched, or a branch shaken, the little ants (Pseudo- myrma bicolor) swarm out from the hollow thorns, and attack the aggressor with jaws and sting. They sting severely, raising a little white lump that does not dis- appear in less than twenty-four hours. These ants form a most efficient standing army for the plant, which pre- vents not only the mammaha from browsing on the leaves, but delivers it from the attacks of a much more dan- gerous enemy— the leaf-cutting ants. For these services the ants are not only securely housed by the plants, but are provided with a boun- tiful supply of food ; and to secure their attendance at the right time and place this food is so arranged as to effect that object with wonderful perfection. The leaves are twice-pinnate, and at the base of each pair of leaflets, on the midrib, is a crater-shaped gland, which, when the leaves are young, secretes a honey-Uke liquid. Of this the ants are very fond, and they are constantly running about from one gland to another to sip up the honey as it is secreted. But this is not all ; there is a still more wonderful provision of more solid food. At the end of each of the small divisions of the compound leaf there is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little yellow fruit-like body, united by a point at its base to the end of the pinnule. Examined through a microscope this little appendage looks like a golden Pear. When the leaf first unfolds, the little Pears are not quite ripe, and the ants are continually emiployed going from one to another, examining them. When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced it bites the small point of attachment, then bending down the fruit-like body it breaks it off, and bears it away in triumph to the nest. All the fruit-like bodies do not ripen at once, but successively, so that the ants are kept about the young leat for some time after it unfolds. Thus the young leaf is always guarded by the ants, and no caterpillar or larger animal could attempt to injure them without being attacked by the hule warriors. The fruit-like bodies are about one-twelfth of an inch long, and are about one-third of the size of the ants, so that the ant bearing one away is as heavily laden as a man bearing a large bunch of Plantains. I think these facts sliow that the ants are really kept by the Acacia as a standing army, to protect its leaves from herbivorous mammals and insects." W, B. Hemsley. DION^A MUSCIPULA. That there are many gardens in this country where the Venus' Fly-trap could be more readily and successfully grown in the open air than in greenhouses is shown by a nice group of strong, well developed plants, now in fine flower, planted out in a boggy spot in the herbaceous depart- ment at Kew. These plants have been more than a year in their present position, and the only protection afforded them during the winter of 1S82-S3 was a large bell-glass in bad weather. The leaves are large and well formed, and the plants altogether are the picture of health. Dion^ea muscipula was cultivated in 176S by Collinson, and in Hortiis Collin soniamts the following extract is given from a letter written by its discoverer. Governor Dobbs, of North Carolina : — •* But the great wonder of the vegetable kingdom is a very curious unknown species of Sensitive. It is a dwarf plant ; the leaves are like a narrow segment of a sphere, consisting of two parts, like the cap of a spring purse, the concave part outwards, each of which falls back with indented edges {like an iron spring fox-trap). Upon anything touching the leaves, or falling between them, they mstantly close like a spring trap, and confine any insect or thing that falls between them ; it bears a white flower. To this sur- prising plant I have given the name of Fly-trap Sensitive." DISTANCE OF VINES FROM THE GLASS. The late cloudless skies and glitter and glare of sunlight from morn to eve have severely tested the endurance of Vines at various distances from the glass. At 6rst sight most Vines strike one as too close ; seldom, indeed, does one enter a vinery at noon on a cloudless day, especially if the wind is from the east, without observing drooping leaves, and not seldom more patent and injurious symptoms and proofs of excessive heat. Now it is a mistake to make light of leaf flagging, for it is at once a sign of distress and a proof positive of an arrestment of growth. It proves that the Vines are too dry, too hot, or too cold, and all of these extremes are equally injurious to health and fatal to growth. In most cases of leaf flagging during the late spell of bright weather close proximity to the glass has been either a produc- ing cause or an aggravating effect. The cribbed, cabined, and confined area between the upper leaf- surface and the glass is the very spot where all the evils of heat, cold, and drought combine to do their worst on the Vines. That worst is not seldom seen in leaf scorching. Grape scalding, and even the blotching or burning of the young wood. Most of these evils might be greatly mitigated, if not wholly cured, by simply letting the Vines dowii lower into the atmo- sphere of the house. This is not a mere matter of opinion, but of fact and daily experience ; for though the majority of Vine leaves are probably kept too close to the glass there is no uniform distance adopted in practice. On the contrary, the area of diversity of distance from the glass ranges over a distance so wide as that included between 5 inches and 5 feet. The first is assuredly far too near, the latter too far from the glass. The mean average distance will be found included between i or 2 feet, and were these dis- tances measured from the upper surface of the leaves instead of from the Vine rod, they would leave little to be desired ; but taking into account the large size of Vine leaves, the length of their petioles and their strong tendency to rise to the surface of the glass, it is little wonder that many of the finest leaves are found firmly abutting against the glass. In such circum- stances their chief functions are fettered or entirely arrested, or they are alternately scalded by heat or chilled by cold. No doubt the practice of training Vines near the glass originated in times when the glass itself was only semi-transparent, and every ray of light became of special value ; hence no doubt also the origin of the idea that, to utilise most or all of the light avail- able in our climate, it was necessary to lift the leaves of the Vines and other plants as close to the glass as possible. It is now found, however, that this is a mistake, and probably the leaves enjoy far more light, say iS inches from the glass, than when impinging against its surface. The best distance for utilising the light can hardly be considered as settled as yet ; but it is a hopeful and promising sign of the times that practical men are experimenting on this point in all directions, and the result will be undoubtedly an in- crease of the distance between glass and foliage. There are obvious reasons against rushing to either extreme. The evils of too close proximity to the glass have been already pointed out. Those of excessive distance, if less speedily injurious or dis- astrous, are almost equally obvious. But there are many compensations to set against such evils ; the greater certainty and higher quality of the crops are the more important. Not a few Vine failures have their origin in that narrow area included be- tween the upper surface of the leaves and the glass. Here extremes of temperature, and of drought and moisture, meet daily, almost hourly, at times, in rapid succession ; and such sudden and severe alternations are often the cause of failure and disease ; here im- perfect setting, irregular swelling, faulty finishing originate. In the same stiff, stifling atmosphere thrips and spider breed and feed. Scarcely any plant is less sub- ject to insect pests than the Grape Vine under good treatment — few become more infested with vermin, troublesome and destructive in the ratio of their minuteness, when badly used : and what treatment can be worse than the alternately passing their tender leaves through frost and fire? Of course the full force of the evil of contact with the glass is mitigated by various expedients. Shade, vapourising, and free ventilation are the most common of these, but we have seldom any excess of sunshine for the well-being and thorough ripening of Grapes in our climate j consequently, every ray shut out represents a waste of force, or a loss of produce, or both. Fewer Grapes are gathered, and those of inferior quality, than if the whole of the sun's rays had been fully and freely utilised, as they might have been had the leaves been only further removed from the glass. Then as to vapourising : it is a most useful aid to growth, but when carried to excess — as it often may be as a direct antidote to leaf scorching — it tends to promote a soft, spongy condition of vegetable tissues, that is neither favourable to the furnishing of a full crop of Grapes, nor the permanent health of the Grape Vine. Excessive ventilation is more injurious still. It involves a loss of heat, moisture, and time. With the view of lowering the temperature the confined area of air included between the leaves and the glass, the entire atmosphere of the house is not seldom injudiciously and injuriously cooled. Heat and moisture are thus recklessly lost, and the Vines are rudely checked by excessive doses of cold external air. Perhaps of all the evils either directly or indirectly resulting from the excessive proximity of the foliage of Vines to the glass, that of excessive ventilation is the most widely and promptly disastrous. Perhaps fewer higher ser- vices could be rendered to horticulture at this time than the publication of the experience of the many Grape growing readers on this important subject. It is one that has been more largely determined by builders and mere habit than almost any other horti- cultural matter of equal moment ; and it is high time that it was now determined by the merits of the Vines and the highest knowledge and richest experience of Vine growers. F. MONSTROUS CYPRIPEDIUMS. It is by no means easy to say why particular species should be more subject to deformities than others. When, indeed, there is a method in the madness, the reasons are more obvious, and the plant may simply be reproducing some ancestral trait, and when it is obliging enough to do this, great is the joy of the botanist ; for a clue is then put into his hands by means of which he may, in part at least, unravel the genealogy and trace the progressive development of the flower. In such cases there is order in disorder, and a little more or a little less growth and develop- ment at a particular stage of the plant's history will account for the phenomena. But we had rather in mind those absolute distortions brought about by perversions of growth, irregular unions of parts, and which are not readily reducible to any law of form or symmetry, but simply to irregular or dispro- portionate growth and to adhesions with other flowers that should not under ordinary circumstances take place. Quite recently several monstrous flowers of Cypripedium from Fallowfield have come under out notice. In a flower of C. Stonei, sent by Mr. Swan, there were five sepals, one separate, the remaining four united in pairs ; three lateral petals, prolonged, as is their wont in this species, into long tails ; three lips, three columns, each representing, as usual, two stamens ; and a one-celled ovary, with six parietal placentas. There were thus twenty-four parts to account for. In the normal flower there are eleven — viz., three sepals, two petals, one lip, two stamens (in one column), and three carpels. It seems clear that in the malformed flower we have to deal with a fusion of flowers, but if so, of how many? If of two only, then we have one part too many ; if of three, as the number of ''columns" would indicate, then we should have a deficiency of at least ten parts. Either hypo- thesis is legitimate, but the former is the more prob- able. Nothing is more common in cases of adhesion of this kind than for some of the parts to disappear — they become obliterated by the pressure exerted upon them, and thus while the outside parts are normal those along the line of junction get 'obliterated. Nothing could be told as to the exact state of the present case, owing to the dislocation of parts. An examination at an earlier period of growth might have more readily revealed the number and relative position of parts. In a flower of Cypripedium Sedeni the raceme bore two flowers, the uppermost normal. In the lower the stalk and ovary, instead of being free, were July 21, 18S3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 73 inseparably united with the main stem for a certain distance. The upper and lower (conjoined) sepals were normal, but within these there was a complete tangleof lip-like petals, forming five or six bags, in- termingled with two flat petals of the ordinary type ; the column had the usual two anthers, but, owing to a twist, they were anterio-posterior, not lateral. A cut across the ovary revealed three complete cavities, but rounding a minute conical eminence, the top of which was depressed. From Kew we hear of a similar malformation :— " On a stem bearing two flowers one is of the ordi- nary typical kind, while a second presents a peculiar and clustered appearance. The staminode and label- lum occupy their ordinary positions, with a rudi- mentary labellum lying alongside the latter. Above CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. Messrs. Veitcii ci Son's collection of all that is best among these general favourites is now in lull flower. The show has become an annual afl'air, and should assist materially in proving the adapta- bility of the Picotee and Carnation for out-of- door cultivation in London itself, to say nothing of Fig. 12.— a MONSTROtJS cypripedium stonbi. (see p. 72.) they were much distorted and dragged 'out of shape. One would very much like to disentangle that mass of Calceolaria-like lips, and assign each to its place as a stamen, or a style, but they do not correspond in number, while their irregular disposition prevents us, in this instance, from considering these supplementary lips in the light of stamens. From the axil of one of them, moreover, proceeded a young flower-bud with a six-parted perianth in a rudimentary state, three tubercles outside, three within, and within the last mentioned, three more tubercles — stamens? — sur- the staminode three other labellums in an Inverted or resupinate position, alter the true character of the flower altogether. Four out of the five are perfectly developed but somewhat altered; in shape, and lose their usual inflated appearance, from the circumstance of the three upper ones being produced slightly within the other, and consequently crowded. The sepals and petals are of the usual typical kind. This duplication of parts, if not a gain from a decorative point of view, is certainly a curiosity, and probably of rare occurrence." the suburbs. The flowers seen here are every bit as fresh looking, healthy, and robust as when grown beyond the region of soot and dust. The "grass" is the picture of health, and in every way so good that stock is continually being raised from it. In looking over a collection so ;extensive, it is at once possible to select plants that bloom later or earlier than the bulk of the sorts, and in that way to select sorts suitable for either purpose. Also the habit of each may be observed ; some kinds being greatly in- clined to produce a succession of buds down the 74 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. flower-stalk, others again form latent bloom-buds on this year's " grass," becoming then, with a little pro- tection and assistance from a glass frame or hand- light, early winter or late autumn bloomers. A few varieties ate to be met with which are excep- tionally dwarf in habit, and this last seems to be the aim ef some of the raisers of new kinds; and although it may not be possible to obtatn a self-supporting flower-stalk, yet the results already obtained point in that direction. Among scarlet selfs may be noticed as being remarkably good, Heaton Bank, of bright colour, and Fireman ; this last should prove a good kind for bedding purposes. Sportsman is also an ex- cellent variety, being very bright in colour. Among pink and rose selfs a new sort called Lothair, a very bright, large, charming bloom, of a very taking colour ; and Mrs. Teigner, a pink suffused with while, were very noteworthy. In crimson selfs Sparkler is worthy of much notice, and amongst the purple selfs Walter Ware. The new Mary Morris is a bold flower, free in habit, and tall. Amongst the choice free flowering white kinds must be noticed Hodge's Bride, which is very pure, robust and dwarf, and the habit all that could be wished. The best of the newer white Carnations is un- doubtedly Mrs. W. P. Milner, which is dwarf, free- flowering, and said to force well. Royal Purple is a nice smooth-outlined blueish-purple — a rich tint indeed, A fine dark crimson Carnation is Amethyst, strong in growth and tall in habit. Robert Burns is also a desirable kind among the dark selfs. It is very free and dwarf, the foliage being particularly so. Sir-Beauchamp Seymour is a beautiful orange-scarlet, edged with bright scarlet. Lord Beaconsfield is a good habited, fine-coloured rose flake ; as also is Sybil. Crimson bizarres are very well represented. A few of the better ones — if one may signalise any where all are good — are Albion's Pride, Isaac Wilkinson, Marguerite, and Dr. Masters. James Taylor is a good pink and purple bizarre, as is also Princess Beatrice. The scarlet bizarres, of which the collection contains numerous kinds, are well repre- sented by Ben Simonite, Dreadnought, George, and Mars. A fine rose flake is seen in John Keet, and purple flakes in Squire Trew and Mayor of Notting- ham. Jupiter is a very nice bright scarlet flake, and equally as good are Illuminator and William IV. The beautiful class of Picotees with crimson edge is seen to much advantage in J. B. Bryant, a very fine regular bloom with a heavy edge ; Lothair, and the Rev. F. D. Horner. Queen of Summer in this section is a flower of fine substance, creamy-white, with a fine edge ; and Picturata, is a large, finely- formed flower. The purple-edged Picotees, viz., Clara Penson, a pure white with a narrow, regularly- marked edging, is very pretty ; Her Majesty, a very superior dwarf white flower ; Mrs. A. Chancellor, a tall kind, with beautiful blooms, possessing a rich, heavy edge ; and Mrs. Langtry, a sort that has a very fine narrow edging, were very good. Rival Purple is a very choice sort in this class, the flowers being smooth, regular in outline, and in the markings very pleasing. The rose-edged Picotees were seen to great advantage in Louisa, Lady Boston, Miss Gibbs, a pretty suffused rose ; and Royal Visit, with a very fine broadly-marked edge. For especial bedding-out purposes a Carnation named Auctioneer, a good purple ; Chromatella, an equally fine canary— in fact, the finest in the section ; and Bridesmaid, an excellent white sort, are valuable acquisitions. A blush-coloured Clove, called The Charmer, is a fine addition to this favourite class. Throughout this month, to those interested in these gems of the garden, this collection will well repay a visit, and although the earliest blooms have suffered somewhat from the heavy rains of the last few days, a short time will suffice to restore them to their original beauty. HI. Ensilage in America. — On the question of Ensilage a successful experiment is officially re- corded from Savannah, in which it is stated that the proprietor of a dairy farm in the western part of this State during the summer packed in his silo some tons of Pea-vines, and on opening it at the end of November he found the forage in excellent condi- tion. It was given to the cows, and they preferred it to any other food. The owner, it seems, purposes continuing his experiments on a large scale, and it is stated that the result will be watched with consider- able interest. CAMPANULAS. It is always a puzzle how to maintain a constant succession of bloom in gardens, especially where you rely mainly on perennials, and very slightly on half- hardy plants. Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, Fuchsias, and the like. Up to June it is easy enough, and indeed during the first half of the year, you must, perforce, rely upon perennials alone. The delightful spring flowers which are at your command furnish abundant choice, so that gardens never look so freshly gay as they do in springtime, " blossom time" my little boy calls it. The Campanulas come to our assistance in June — July, and rightly managed they furnish exactly what is needed, when associated with the Roses, which then form the dominant element in our beds and borders. To prepare for this we arrange clumps of Campanulas when the plants are placed in the borders in preparation for the spring blooming. They are unobtrusive, and merely furnish a green foil to the brightness of the spring flowers of April and May, and they thus mature for the second great effect in gardening. For the backs of borders we place clumps of Campanula grandis, in its purple and white forms, and for the front lines we use C. persicifolia alba, in three varieties ; these are — I, the old form, with shallow bowl-shaped flowers of a creamy-white ; 2, the sort we call the " Edge Hall " variety, because we had it thence — it has deeper and more beautifully shaped bells, of bluish-while, a taller habit, and great wealth of bloom, an excellent border plant in every respect ; and 3, a variety which was sent us by the late W. Hull, the artist, who found it in a cottager's garden at Cambridge some years ago. This we call the '*Brockhurst" variety, as we have con- siderably improved it, until it is by far the finest of the three. It has a bluish shade of white, with larger and wider bell flowers, and is exceedingly floriferous. The three varieties give a sparkling effect in whites to the borders, and when asso ciated with Roses, Pinks, Delphiniums, Geum coc- cineum, Lilium umbellatum, and other stately summer flowers of richest colours, the effect is brilliant. A good many of the others Campanulas are inter- spersed in the borders. C. macrantha is grand everywhere, growing 7 feet high, with large clusters of deep purple bells. C. Van Houttei, white and purple ; C. nobilis, whose white variety is spotted inside like a Foxglove ; C. tenella, C. Hendersoni, C. Hostii, C. celtidifolia, and a great many more are effective border plants. In the wild garden we have masses of C. latifolia, C. glomerata, and other coarse growing varieties. C. pyramidalis we use mostly for cool greenhouse work. It comes later than the rest, and is not so available at the time when it would be most useful outside. All the varieties of C. persici- folia, single and double, are useful for greenhouse work, and exceedingly beautiful when flowered under glass. On the rockwork there are no more useful plants than the Campanulas. They almost disappear in winter, and leave the way clear for the spring flowers. When these are over they push forward, making the rockery growth fresh again, and they come into bloom just when they are most useful, and almost hide the rockwork with their wealth of flower and leafage. It requites careful consideration where to place each variety, so that erect growers be chosen for some situa- tions, and creeping sorts for others, care being always taken that they be not so planted as to cover up and smother some valuable alpine which may have gone to rest, but which must not be neglected nor overlain. C. carpatica and turbinata are the best known of the dwarfer sorts, and these are frequently mis- named in gardens. It is therefore worth remarking that turbinata carries but one flower on each stalk, and has a trailing habit, putting out runners, and that carpatica is without runners, and carries several flowers on each stalk, and has a less erect habit, and paler coloured flowers. C. Raineri is another Cam- panula which is seldom supplied true to name by nurserymen, indeed for the last three years C. tur- binata has been generally exhibited marked as Raineri at our flower shows, and has thus passed the scrutiny of the judges. C. Raineri is a much dwarfer plant, 4 or 5 inches high, bearing 2 or 3 funnel-shaped blue flowers on each stalk. Its leaves are almost stalkless, and ate obovate and slightly serrated. It is a shy grower ; we have two varieties of it here, both obtained from Switzerland. C. barbata does ex- ceedingly well with us, coming up strongly from year to year, and increasing in its height under cultivation. It is the quaintest looking of the Campanulas, its bearded flowers, and generally hirsute appearance, never failing to amuse our visitors. The white variety is very pretty when well flowered, C. pulla, another true alpine gem, comes also stronger year after year ; it loves a sunny situation, and appears also to like a dry soil amongst boulders. Its large bells of deepest purple are of exquisite shape, and are borne on stalks 3 or 4 inches high, out of all pro- portion to the large size of the bells. This leads us to the C. rotundilolia type, of which there are very many excellent varieties. C. tenella is the most prolific, forming solid masses of bloom, of the richest blue. C. linifolia, C. soldanellffiflora, C. pusilla, C. pumila, blue and white, and least of all C. modesta, are all excellent rockery plants, which form lovely carpets of bell flowers, which cover over the stones. Smaller again is C. Zoysii, a perfect alpine gem, with exquisitely formed bell flowers of tender blue. Another lovely group includes C. garganica, a bicolor with neatly white centre and deeper blue petals ; C. Portenschlagiana, a self blue, C. fragilis and C. fragilis hirsuta, C. hederacea, and.C. Waldsteiniana. These have all a creeping habit, and are covered with shallow star-like bell flowers of exquisite beauty. An excellent hybrid variety with very bright blue flowers is C, haylodgensis, raised by Mr. Anderson- Henry. Of C. alpina there appear to be two distinct varieties, one flowering in the early spring (supplied by Worbel), has pale blue flowers, covered with hairs, which it carries stiffly ; it grows only 5 or 6 inches high. A second form was given to me by Mr. Moore of Glasnevin, some years ago, and is now (July 10) in full bloom in a thick clump, 12 inches high, with bells of deep purple. The stalks and leaves are slightly tomentose, and the whole plant has a greyish hue which adds to the charm of its purple bell flowers. A very quaint alpine is C. spicata, which bears white bells, the calyx being pointed. Another singular Campanula is Sibthorpii, which has panicles of narrow petalled blue flowers, very distinct from any other variety. There are two Campanulas which flower in the early spring that are exceedingly curious and well worth growing ; C. thyrsoidea carries a tall cone of greenish bells, closely set on a stalk like a spike of Indian Corn ; the other, C. Vanneri, is just the reverse, having a very loose panicle of large pale lilac drooping bells, borne on branches from a centre stalk, and out of all propor- tion to the size of the plant. We have in all about seventy-six species and varieties of Campanulas growing here, so the temptation is great to become prolix on the subject, as each one is worthy of a remark ; perhaps some other correspondent will carry the subject further, as it is not nearly ex- hausted by this notice. In conclusion I would say that all the Campanulas ate easily raised from seed, and that I am indebted for many of my best to friends who have kindly forwarded seeds when they have come across a good variety. As the tourist season is at hand it is well to keep this in view, as there are many lovely Campanulas to be found in alpine solitudes, which may thus be transferred to the home garden, as pleasant reminiscences of a summer holiday. My stock of C. barbata reached me in this way from a reader of your journal, who kindly sent the seed to me, although I am a stranger to him. Win. Brockbank, Brockhiirst, Didsbury. The Harebell Campanula, — Now flowering on my rockeries are many varieties under many names of . that very polymorphous plant Campanula rotundi- folia, some of them collected by me in different parts of England and Wales, some obtained in nurseries, some given by friends whs have brought them from the South of Europe. The more I collect the greater the difficulty becomes of drawing a line between extreme types, such as C. thomboidalis, C. Hostii, C. Scheuchzeri, and some of our own native forms. If this should be read by any one who is making a special study of the Campanula I shall have much pleasure in submitting to him living specimens of my plants. When raised from seed ripened in a garden I find that these Harebells generally reproduce their characters tolerably well, or certainly do not vary more than C. carpatica or C. persicifolia raised under similar conditions, and I have never had a seedling which presented any suspicion of being a hybrid. Hybrid Campanulas are rare. I know of only three in my collection of nearly a hundred named garden July 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 75 varieties. Two of these were raised by that skilful producer of hybrids, Mr. Anderson-Henry ; both of them are barren, and with all the care I can give them have a sickly and weakly look, the leaves being yellow. They are called C. haylodgensis and C. G. F. Wilson. Another hybrid, also of weak constitu- tion and easily lost, though a most ornamental plant in the garden, is named C. Ilendersoni. I do not know its history, but should say it was C. carpatica crossed with C. pyramidalis. [It is stated to be a cross between C. turbinata and C. alliariffifolia, Kd.] Its colour is a good purple-blue, but if the same cross could be produced in the pure white which we have both in C. carpatica and C. pyramidalis it would be a very choice addition ; but the absence of a white C. Ilendersoni proves the difliculty of crossing Campanulas. This very difficulty makes the raising of varieties of C. rotundifolia from seed all the more interesting, because if all the forms can be produced from the offspring of the same plant it may be inferred that they have no right to be considered more than one species. C. Woltey Dod, Llandtuliw, July 9. P.S.— I omitted to mention two very fine hybrid Campanulas known as C. Van Ilouttei and C. Bourghaltii. Theit parentage, and probably their history, are the same, the latter being a " whitish " edition of the former. They are probably C. nobilis crossed with C, Meadia. When at their best they are excellent, but their flowering season is short, though they flower a second time after wet summers ; but their constitution seems as strong as that of any true species, and they quite escaped my memory when speaking of the weakness of hybrid Campanulas, C. IVolley Dod. Campanula Hendersoni. — Looking over some of the back numbers of the Gardeners' Chronicle I see, p. 502, vol. xviii., Mr. Dod anticipates without, as he says, knowing its history, that this Campanula is the offspring of C. carpatica and C. pyramidalis. I also am unacquainted with its origin, but am inclined to think it is a hybrid between C. turbinata and C. isophylla, since it resembles the former in its tufted habit of growth, and the latter in its semi-arborescent stem, while the flowers would appear intermediate between the two. Be this, however, as it may, I do not think that C. pyramidalis played any part in connec- tion with this plant, it also lacks that amount of vigour which marks this latter species. As Mr. Dod observes, it is one of the best of the genus as a decora- tive plant; it is a shy seeder, especially in wet seasons, and cuttings of this variety do not root nearly so freely as those of the greater number of Campanulas. E. Jenkins. [See note above, Ed.] SENECIO CONCOLOR. When writing of Senecio speciosus in the Gar- deners' Chronicle, 1S79, vol. xii., p. 615, I there showed how that species had been mistaken by Harvey, in the Flora Capensis, for S. concolor, and that the true S. concolor was a very distinct plant, of which very little was known ; recently, however, this species has been introduced into cultivation, and is now in flower at Kew, and although not quite so showy as S. speciosus, is still a very pretty half- hardy herbaceous perennial, very distinct .from every other Senecio known to me in having purple ray- florets and white disc-florets. The plant grows 1—2 feet high ; the radical leaves are 4^—7 inches long, J— i inch broad, narrow, oblanceolate, subacute, attenuated below into a petiole, margin dentate, with 2 — 3 minute teeth alternating between each pair of larger teeth, above glabrous to the eye, but under a lens are seen minute scattered hairs ; beneath the midrib and veins have minute glandular hairs scattered along them. Flower-stem laxly branched above, terete, striate, minutely glan- dular-pubescent, distantly leafy, leaves amplexicaul, broadly linear, acute or subacute, auricles roundish, otherwise as in the radical leaves ; corymbs laxly 3— 5-headed ; peduncles 4—2 inches long, sometimes bearing two heads ; heads I J inch in diameter ; invo- lucre campanulate, rather shorter than the disc-florets, phyllaries 20—22, narrow-linear, glandular-pubescent, and minutely bearded at the spreading tips, furnished at the base with 5—7 outer phyllaries ; ray-florets 12—14, mauve-purple, disc-florets 90—100, white ; anthers purple, stigmas white. When dried the white disc-florets become brownish, which doubtless caused De Candolle to believe them to have been purple when alive, hence the misleading name S. concolor. A figure of this interesting novelty has been prepared for the Botanical Ma[;azine. N. E. Bman, LILIUMS IN FLOWER. L. ELEGANs, Thunb.— It is undoubtedly diflicult to ascertain which is the typical form of this species, be- cause of the large amount of differentiation exhibited in the bulbs imported from Japan. Undoubtedly this has been much fancied by the Japanese for centuries past, and most likely the vast array of varieties are the result of artificial cross-breeding ; it is open to ques- tion, I think, as to whether any of the varieties culti- vated and imported from the East are truly natural varieties. The whole series undoubtedly pass into the European croceum bulbiferum and davuricum, but the latter have not yet given origin to so many varie- ties. What is usually regarded as the normal form grows about a foot high, less in very light soils. Leaves scattered, ascending, 3—4 inches long, 4— J inch wide, smooth, of firm texture. Flowers usually solitary upon short stout pedicels, perianth segments 3—4 inches long, more or less oblong obtuse, orange- red from spots or slightly dotted. This Lily is often called and sold as L. Thunbergianum, Schul., but the name elegans has priority. I have many varieties now in flower, but I shall only describe the more distinct of them, although all are favourites, and very pretty. Armeniacum ; stem about a foot high ; flowers solitary or in pairs, rich orange-crimson, free from spots, large and open, with the three inner seg- ments narrower than the outer, a very beautiful form. Alutaceum I stem 6— 9 inches high; flowers solitary, large, with broad inner segments, pale apricot colour, the three inner segments dotted. Atrosanguinea : stem I — li foot high ; flowers usually solitary, rarely two in number, very open ; segments broad, of good substance, deep blood-red, freely spotted, a very effective variety. Atropurpurea : stem 9 — 12 inches high ; flowers solitary or in pairs, rather smaller than many other varieties, of a deep purplish-red colour ; this is a comparatively rare variety, and very early. Brevifolium: stem about a foot high, with short leaves ; flowers solitary, not so open, segments broad, brick- red, spotted black at the base. Bicolor : stem 12—18 inches high ; flowers I — 3 inches in number, cup- shaped, segments broad, especially the inner ones, yellow, and crimson, spotted at the base. Fulgens : stem 1 — 2 feet high, bearing from 2—6 flowers at the top ; perianth open, with narrowish inner segments, colour deep red, spotted. The semi-duplex form known as staminosum is a form of fulgens, and several others rally round it ; this variety is the connecting link with L. davuricum. Alice Wilson is a pretty variety just out. Stem 10—15 inches high ; flowers solitary, open, segments broad, lemon coloured, freely spotted, and certainly very showy. It is evidently a very rare variety even in Japan, for collectors ask a very high figure for it, and the descriptions given of it, like many others from the same region, are rather mis- leading. I must refrain from mentioning other well known varieties, which are equally as meritorious as those described, but recommend hardy plant growers to cultivate all the kinds they can command, because of their dwarf habit, large flowers and pleasing colours, and I may add, because they will force right well. It is indeed strange they are not more largely forced, particularly as they can be secured at a very cheap rate. Their merits in this direction are but little known. It would be interesting to know whether the Japanese have crossed the forms of elegans with auratum, speciosum, &c. ; some authori- ties consider such manipulation has been effected, but I fail to discover any very strong evidence in the flowers hitherto examined. Hybrids, in which either auratum or speciosum is well developed, will be most desirable, and undoubtedly will some day surprise us. L. CROCEUM, Fuchs. — Stems 3—6 feet high, clothed with numerous spreading leaves, not pro- ducing bulbils inj the axils. Flowers from 6—20, in compound umbels — wild specimens are often collected with solitary flowers ; perianth more or less cup- shaped, 2—3 inches long, rather more broad when fully expanded; bright orange. The above brief description will be sufficient to distinguish this the old Orange Lily of cottage gardens, and still one of the most useful of all Lilies. I recently saw some grand clumps more than a yard across, which have not been disturbed for years, and they evidently enjoyed their quietude'. It is figured under the name of L. bulbiferum in Bol. Mag., t. 36, with which it is evident Mr. Curtis confused it, because he says, " it varies with and without bulbs on the stalks ; " Par- kinson called it L. aurcum, the gold-red Lily ^Parad, P- 37)- L. IIansoni, Leichtlin. — A very lovely species, which is nearly past, but one specimen is rather later, from which the following brief description is drawn : — Stem 3 — 5 feet high, terete smooth, leav;s oblanceo- late, acute, smooth, whorled and scattered ; flowers from 4 — 25, usually in a lax raceme, with short erect pedicels ; segments lanceolate, half an inch or more broad, sharply revolute, bright orange, spotted with purple upon the lower part inside. It is a native of Japan, being first introduced to British gardens by Max Leichtlin, but first discovered by Maximowicz in i860, and a charming subject it is ; the bulbs very much resemble those of L. tigrinum, and might be mistaken for them. It succeeds admirably in the peat bed, but attains its noblest developments in good fibrous loam, peat, and leaf-soil, in a well drained position. L. MONADELPiiUM, Biebs., Fl. Tatir., i., 267, Syn. L. Szovitzianum, Fisch. and Lull ; L. colchicum, Steven ; L. Loddigesianum, Schult. fil. — It is more usually known in English gardens under the name of Szovitzianum, mainly, I think, on account of the large quantities sent over to this country by Dr. Kegel under that name a few years back ; the same authority adopts that name in Gartenft., t. 436 ; and I am sure we are largely indebted to Dr. Kegel for its abundance in our gardens. Stem 2 — 6 feet high, stout, scabrous, with numerous ascending narrow lanceolate acute leaves, racemose at the top ; flowers from I — 20, or rarely more, nodding. Perianth 2 — 3.^ inches long, of a clear sulphur or pale canary- yellow, slightly tinged with purple, and finely spotted inside, or quite free from spots ; but I have known flowers to become immaculate upon plants which have been planted some years, but which produced freely spotted flowers when first planted. Segments oblanceolate, distinctly reflexed about halfway. The flowers are powerfully fragrant, and when confined, objectionable ; but, for outdoor cultivation, this is one of the most beautiful species introduced, quite hardy, of vigorous growth, and extremely showy. It enjoys a moist, moderately rich, loamy soil, in which it assumes grand development. I have known many instances where bulbs have been planted in peat beds and in Rhododendron beds, where they have flowered freely for two or even three years, but suddenly die away after flowering ; but in loamy soils I know at the present time batches standing, which have occupied their present position eight years, and they show no signs of decreasing vigour. It is one of those Lilies which are easily raised from seeds, and the seedlings grow rapidly, in about three years forming flowering bulbs. There is abundant evidence that it dislikes being disturbed ; and it is preferable to plant in autumn, or as early as the stems die down. L. PARDALINUM, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad., ii., 12. ; L. canadense var. pardalinum. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 1S73, 45 ; Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad., 5, 206, &c. — Bulbs rhizomatous, thick, branching. Stem 3 — 5 feet high. Leaves arranged in whorls, especially near the middle of the stem, from 9 — 12 leaves in each whorl, more or less lanceolate, acute, shining, 3 — 5 inches long. Flowers in one-side lax corymb, from 2—6 in^number, nodding, especially at the top, with lengthened pedicels. Perianth 2 — 3 inches long, bright orange-red, lighter near the centre, covered with large purplish-brown spots ; seg- ments lanceolate, strongly revolute ; anthers red. This grand species and its numerous varieties inhabit wet places along the coast ranges and basal hills of the Sierra Nevada, from central California northwards. There are two or three forms which are now pretty generally cultivated, and which I think present suffi- cient points of deviation to warrant them being kept separate. Regarding these varieties there is a diver- sity of opinion, but without doubt those here enume- rated may be regarded at least floriculturally distinct, Var. CALIFORNICUM, Bolander (L. californicum, Lindl., Flor, Mag., t. 33). — Stems not so tall as those of the type. Leaves fewer and smaller, not so regu- larly whorled. Flowers one to four, larger, and perianth longer, 3 — 4 inches long ; segments broader, the upper half bright scarlet, the lower half very dis- tinctly orange, with very large spots, Var. PALLIDIFOLIUM, Baker (var. puberulum, hort. Leichtlin).— -Taller growing than the type, with very numerous leaves, the upper ones in regular whotlp, 76 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1S83. the lower ones scattered, oblanceolate, pale whitish- green, very firm and acute ; perianth segments about as long as those of the type, paler red, and distinctly yellow at the base, Var. BouRG^l, Baker. — Leaves very narrow and acute, arranged in regular whorls ; Sowers rather smaller, with sharply revolute segments, about the lame colour as the last. This is altogether a mere slender plant, approaching canadense ; and I think it s the var. angustifolium, Kellogg, which is said to be synonymous with L. Roezli, Kegel, Gartenfl. 1870, t. 667 ; but the materials at hand are insufficient to prove the accurate identity of the latter. Happily there is no difficulty attending the cultiva- tion of any of these charming Lilies, as they grow most luxuriantly in almost any soil, particularly if the position is damp. I find the typical form and cali- fornicum grow most freely in light sandy soil well manured, and as they are not fastidious there is no reason why they should not be planted a hundredfold more than they ever have been, they are so charming in contour and serviceable in a cut state, lasting a long time in water. Twelve days since I cut three spikes with two flowers upon each expanded, and they are still most beautiful, the older flowers just fading. Plant in early autumn, and select strong home-grown bulbs to begin with, and you will not regret the outlay. Lilium, July 16. COLONIAL NOTES. British Honduras. — With regard to my visit to British Honduras, I was enabled, by the assistance and courtesy of the Government, to travel through all the southern settlements ; and while making observa- tions and carrying out the wishes of the local Govern- ment I had very favourable opportunities (assisted by the native collector whom I took with me) to make valuable collections of seeds and plants for the public gardens of this island. The chief plants of interest gathered were several species of Palms (Chamsedorea, Bactris, Sabal, Chamserops, &c.), which were not previously in the Jamaica gardens ; seeds of numerous timber trees and flowering plants ; and a valuable col- lection of decorative Orchids, including the indigenous large growing Vanilla of Central America. This latter has pods much larger and] more aromatic than the ordinary Vanilla cultivated in Jamaica, and I am hopeful that it will be largely propagated and distri- buted in the island. After returning from the South, I next visited the Central and Western districts of the colony. This country generally (with the exception of a few isolated ranges) rises so very gradually from the sea coast to the interior that points on the western, frontier, nearly 100 miles from the coast, are only 300 feet above sea level. This low, gently sloping land is plentifully intersected by deep navigable rivers, which flow slowly towards the sea. Along the banks of these rivers the charac- teristics of the soil and climate were of a most favourable character, and the vegetation essentially tropical and luxuriant. Passing across] the country from one river district to another a section was tra- versed composed of a poor quartzy soil supporting only a sparse vegetation of Pine (Pitch Pine), ever- green Oaks, and a low shrubby Palm (Chamserops »p.). On further acquaintance with the interior por- tions of the country I found that the alluvial deposits along the river banks, extending some five or six, or, in some instances, ten miles on each side, contained chiefly the rich valuable soils of the colony. Beyond these were "broken lands " and " Pine ridges." I estimate that fully one-third of the area of the colony is composed of " Pine ridge." The most important as well as the richest river valley in the colony is that of the Old River, some- times called the Belize River. This extends in a wide sinuous course from the town of Belize at the sea coast to the western frontier ; in the upper portions the valley widens into broad expanses of rich fertile plains, in some cases thirty or forty miles in breadth, covered by Cohune Palm. I carefully examined this district, and worked my way to the frontier station — the Cayo— near which a Coffee plantation has recently been established. With the exception of some six Sugar estates, and the same number of Banana plan- tations, this Coffee plantation is the only attempt hitherto made to establish a systematic course of culture in the colony, the bulk of the people being employed, and the chief trade of the colony depending upon mahogany and logwood cutting which, when good prices are ruling, are apparently very remunera- tive industries. In the forests of the western districts I found the rubber tree of Central America (Castilloa elastica) very abundant. This tree (a member of the Bread- fruit family) is specially suitable for cultivation on account of its preferring a loamy, sandy soil, and being a deep feeder it might be utilised as a shade tree in cultivated areas with great advantage. I spent two days with a rubber gatherer in order to observe the methods for bleeding the trees and preparing the rubber ; and I have brought with me botanical speci- mens of the tree, some seed, as well as a sample of the rubber. I hope soon to make a special report on this tree and its produce. I am, also, making arrangements to procure a large quantity of the seed, when ripe, for distribution amongst Cacao planters in this island. Trees at ten years old yield from 4 lb. to 7 lb. of rubber, which is valued at from 2s. yl. to 3j. per pound. If carefully managed, the trees can be bled every three or four years. Another interesting plant found wild in these forests was the indigenous Cacao of Central America ; this differed from all kinds I had met previously. An examination of the pods, which are of a golden-yellow colour, led me to the conclusion that this "Tam- pasco " or " Socunusco " Cacao is the yellow form of the celebrated " Caracas " Cacao. Should such prove to be the case, there is little doubt that this yellow variety will prove as much superior to the red (Cara- cas) form, as the yellow Forastero does to the red (Trinidad) Cacao. Many other interesting plants of timber and dye woods, as well as of plants of medicinal and economic value, were met, many of which I have no doubt are capable of being utilised both in British Honduras and in other British possessions. D. Morris, Director of Public Gardens and Plantations, famaica. Jamaica : Cinchona Plantation, Gordon Town. — Shortly after I sent you the specimens of " Native Bread," so kindly noted at p. 472, vol. xix., I placed some of them in a pot of ordinary potting mould, and I have discovered that they are covered with mycelium, issuing from the tuber in a similar form to the roots of a Gloxinia, and on the side where they are somewhat indented, there is issuing a growth in appearance similar to sketch. This may be only a stronger mycelium growth, and as yet it is hardly enough developed to judge or hazard an opinion as to what it may become. I have sketched the size of the tuber as accurately as possible. On examining a tuber which had been broken, I find it to be covered on the broken part with a growth very similar to the substance of a Polyporus, which, though quite white when uncovered, became in a few minutes of a yellow tint. The tubers are placed for observation in a temperature under glass from 65° to 75° Fahr. I shall watch with much interest the further growth of the mycelium, and should you desire it, will inform you of the result of the observations, and I would willingly undertake to perform any experiments you might suggest to further my research. J. Hart, Superintendent, Government Cinchona Plantation. COTTON SEED OIL. It is not many years since that cotton-seed was almost a waste product, now it is largely used for the expression of oil, as will be seen from the following notes from a report on the industries of the State of Georgia. Year by year the great commercial value of cotton-seed has been gradu- ally developed. A great authority has stated that if Cotton could be grown in the Northern States, it would be grown if only for the value of the seed alone. It yields an oil which is widely used as a sub- stitute for lard, and is largely sold for exportation to France and Italy for the adulteration of olive-oil, while the cake finds a ready sale at home and abroad as food for cattle and as a fertiliser. For every bale of Cotton grown there is half a ton of seed, and if the crop of the present season yields but 6,500,000 bales, of which there can be no reasonable doubt, there will be 3,250,000 tons of cotton-seed. The oil-mills pay 12 dols. a ton for seed delivered at a railroad station or a river landing. Planters ordinarily put aside from 40 to 50 per cent, of the seed for planting ; this would leave 1,630,000 tons as the marketable crop of the year, but as many planters live far away from railroad stations or navigable rivers, and the trans- portation facilities of the South are limited, 12 dols. per ton to them would leave no profit, and the seed is therefore used as a fertiliser, so that the actual quantity placed on sale may be put down at less than 500,000 tons. It is estimated that a ton of seed yields from 28 to 32 gallons of crude oil, worth 45 cents a gallon ; 750 lb. of oilcake, worth from 22 dols. to 24 dols. a ton, and about 20 lb. of lint- cotton, worth 6 cents per pound. The hulls furnish more than sufficient fuel for the mills. The demand for the oil and the cake has grown enormously during the past few years. Until recently the demand was almost entirely from Europe, but during the past year the New England States alone took 15,000 tons of cotton-seed meal (the oil-cake ground), and the lard-packers of the West are now largely using the refined oil, which is worth about 60 cents per gallon, to mix with lard, which sells for 12 cents per pound or 90 cents per gallon. The preju- dice against the use of the oil for domestic purposes is fast disappearing, and refiners now sell it largely for cooking purposes. In the New England States the cotton-seed meal is used as cattle food, the cattle being penned, and the manure utilised as a fertiliser ; while in the South it is in most instances applied direct to the ground, or in combination with other fertilisers. The crop of cotton-seed of this State for the year 1882 is estimated at 450,000 tons. |lu p\^\i. Drumming of Bees.— In contradistinction to the inference drawn by Mr. Brown in his interesting note on this subject is the fact that, under no circumstances in what may be called their ordinary life, have I heard or read of bees being affected by noise or music, and it is only when swarming that the practice of drumming is adopted. Were bees so amenable to sweet harmonies, or even discords, scores of oppor- tunities have been offered them in their ordinary life to manifest their likes or dislikes. As, for instance, here thousands of bees pass daily close by open win- dows, through which often come the sweet tones of a piano, and the not unmelodious harmonies of a female voice, but never a one has been attracted from its ordinary avocations in consequence. An old but very commonplace poet once sang — " Pretty Polly ran to see pretty chicks the hen had hatched, As she went a saucy bee Polly's honeyed beauties watched ; " and because the impudent insect sought to sip sweet nectar from pretty Polly's honeyed lips, the little maid was stung, but never a word was said about the sweet melody of Polly's voice charming the bees to listen. Moths can hardly be accepted as evi- dence of the habits or tastes of bees. Moths are foolish, fragile, fluttering follies in insect form ; but bees are staid, sober creatures, insect models to humanity, with the ant for the gay, the idle, and the sluggard. Bees are sometimes credited with having fond appreciation for colours, but it is of a selfish, grovelling kind. The creatures have no souls above spoil. They seek for bricks and mortar wherewith to build their houses, and for food for themselves and young, but as to developing a love for harmony, I fear we might as reasonably look for it in that other and even more grovelling insect whose existence seems spent solely in providing in summer the necessary sustenance for the coming winter. It is somewhat remarkable, but it is the fact, that all our most able apiarians regard the drumming of swarms as useless and absurd. I have been particu- larly struck with the fact that in that admirable little book entitled Modern Bee-keeping, a handbook spe- cially prepared for cottagers by the British Bee- keepers' Association, and which is replete with valu- able information, the subject of drumming is entirely ignored, by which I infer that the Association regards the practice as too utterly ridiculous and useless to be worthy a line in the book. That the drumming may be based on the assumption that it gives a title to the ownership of the bees swarming, I admit, but it is certain that such an interpretation is not generally accepted, and almost universally where practised it is so because there exists the belief that the bees are influenced by the noise— always discordant — to remain July 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 77 and settle close by. The origin of the practice may be worthy of antiquarian research, but with the skilled bee-keeper it is as dead and defunct as suffocation by sulphuration and other abominable practices of the ancient apiarian, who, compared with his modern compeer, knew as much about bees as an old quack doctor did about modern medicine. A. D, BROCKHURST, DIDSBURY. The view in Mr. Brockbank's garden given on p. 8r is taken above the large rockery, which has been formed of large blocks of red sandstone, arranged sewage works at Levensholme, 2 miles distant, and occurred under a covering of boulder clay, 20 feet deep ; many of the stones are ice-worn, and also contain many fossils. The rockery has been ar- ranged in three ledges, so as to represent as nearly as possible an outcrop of limestone, and at the same time to make it suitable for the growth of plants. It was designed for Hellebores and Campanulas ; the large blocks were kept apart, and large clumps of Hellebores nestle in the spaces, obtaining what they want — shelter and moisture. Campanulas are planted to hang over the stones — the taller growing species 3,x^ bebinf} tbf dendrons, tall standard Cherry trees being planted amongst them, which form a pretty feature in the spring. The border is gay with Trilomas and Phloxes in the autumn. GAZANIA LONGISCAPA. This is the correct name of the plant that has been distributed in gardens under the names of Gazania pinnata var. integrifolia, and Gazaniopsis steno- phylla, neither of which have any existence except in gardens, and the sooner they are discarded for the eorr«ct one of G. longiscapa the better. Fig. 13. — VIEW in mr. brockbank's garden at brockhurst, didsbury. like a natural outcrop, as seen at Alderley Edge, The blocks are so arranged as to form terraced paths, with steps to obtain access to all parts of the rockery ; the top has a partly level surface, and is overlaid with worn and rounded blocks of sandstone, like the summit of a hill. The blocks are arranged to form deep crevices and hollows, in which are placed Primulas, Aquilegias, Saxifragas, Narcissuses, and a large collection of alpines. Shelter is obtained by small Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and evergreen shrubs, as this part is much exposed to the north wind. The limestone rockery is on the upper terrace of the slopes, with a south and west aspect. It is formed of large blocks of Permian limestone, some of them of a ton weight. This stone is of a pink shade of colour. The stones were found in digging for some Hellebores, and tower over the stones when they are in bloom. Space has been left in each of the terraces for small alpines such as Hepaticas, Anemones, the Edelweiss, Aster alpinus, Phyteumas, Dianthuses, Saxifragas, of which there is a large collection ; Sedums, Aquilegias, Iberises, Alliums, and other plants which require shelter and limestone soil. The new Pernettyas are placed between the blocks, filling up the spaces with pretty berry-bearing evergreens, and yet not encumbering the ground space to the exclu- sion of alpine plants. The border in front contains large clumps of Narcissus, such as Horsfieldii, many of the larger Lilies, Leucojums, Francoas, Vera- trums, Geums, Anthericums, Pyrethrums, Aquilegias, and others of the more stately growing border plants. The slope below the border is covered with Rbodo- It is a hardy herbaceous perennial, having linear entire leaves (sometimes one or two pinnatisect leaves are mingled with them), 6 to 9 inches long, green and glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, except the midrib, which is green. The flower scapes are as long or longer than the leaves, and quite glabrous ; the involucre is glabrous, with long, very acuminate teeth as long as the tube, the outer ones sparsely setuloae ; the tube is intruse at the base, and the edge of the intrusion is acute ; flower-heads showy, 2 inches in diameter, bright yellow, the ray-florets dull, dark greenish beneath. G. longiscapa is readily distinguished from G. pin- nata by the glabrous flower-scape, involucre, and upper surface of the leaves ; whilst in G. pinnata the flower-scape is always, and the involucre and leave! usually hispid. N, E, Brwm. 78 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. |«I,id I atti and ikanings. Dendrobium Dearei, Rchb. f. — It is but now that I fully understand the recent enthusiasm for this novelty. Mr. W. Lee, Downside, Leatherhead, has kindly sent me a grand inflorescence of nine — I believe fully developed — flowers, equal to those of a good Dendrobium infundibulum, bearing Saxon colours, white and green. The gorgeous triquetrous ovaries, with their stallcs, sepals, broad petals, lip, column, all are of the finest and most chaste white. The lip has a transverse green zone, and inside are a few reddish lines over certain nerves. The anther is partly white, partly green ; there is some green on the front side of the column, over the stigmatic hollow, and at the base, and then there are a few brown spots on the area under the stigmatic hollow. Colonel Deare must be very proud of his fine discovery. The shrewdest thing he did was to send a sketch and dried flowers ; had this not been done, we may doubt whether the plant would now bear his name. Just one horse's length behind the Colonel arrived the col- lectors of three firms, each delighting in the posses- sion of the same plant. The grand inflorescence was quite fresh, though it had been in full flower a fort- night, as Mr, W, Lee informed me. H. G. Rchb. f. Dendrobium Dearei is now flowering here in great masses of bloom, beautiful in the extreme. All lovers of beautiful white flowers should grow this in quantity, for it is quite easy of cultivation, and at present very moderate in price. One of its great recommendations is the long time the flower lasts in full beauty without fading, I believe that I was the first to flower D, Dearei in this country (see Gar- deners' Chronicle of January 13, 1883), The raceme then, of seven flowers, lasted for nine or ten weeks. This, however, appears to be the natural time for the plant to bloom, and probably we may find that it may not last so long in the heat of July as in the cooler period of January, William Lee, Downside, Leatherhead, We had a plant in flower here in the last week In April, and have had some in flower ever since. We have at present five plants very charming, some carrying six racemes each. I send you a raceme. [A very fine one. Ed.]. W. Davies, Woolton Wood, Liverpool. [A plant in Messrs. Veitch's nursery has produced a branching spike of flowers, the first we have seen. Ed.] Vanda teres. — When at Didsbury, a few months ago, I saw Mr. Broome's plants coming Into flower, and truly handsome specimens they were. I did not ascertain whether the roots were kept dry In winter ; perhaps Mr. Broome will kindly state whether this is so. I have certain proof that keeping them dry from November until March does not In the least injure their constitution j they flower well under that treat- ment, but refuse to do so when kept growing during winter by moisture at the roots. Referring again to Mr. James' note at p, 14, I now understand that the plant he referred to was kept dry at the roots in winter, and near the glass. It is drying the plants in summer that causes the mischief. This, I know, is sometimes done in error. There is no other Orchid with which I am acquainted that will stand so much drying at the roots during winter without injury. Our plants make growths 18 inches and 2 feet In a season, and flower every year, and they do not get any water from November until March. J. Douglas. CyPRlPKDiUM Culti;re. — In answer to "A. R.'s" inquiry (p. 46), I may say that I have grown C. ma- cranthum for five or six years, and it has flowered with me every year, increasing slowly. I procured the plant from the Berlin Botanic Gardens, where I saw the finest specimen of this species I have ever seen, growing in the open air in almost pure sand, with some admixture of leaf-mould, under the partial shade of bushes. As far as my experience goes, the nature of the soil is not nearly so important a matter In the cultivation of this and many other delicate plants as the climate and condition of the soil as to moisture at difTetent seasons. For Instance, Cephalanthera rubra, which Is one of our rarest and prettiest native Orchids, grows in one or two localities in Gloucestershire, under the deepest shade of Beech trees, in a soil com- posed of oolitic gravel covered with Beech leaf-mould. In Switzerland I found it on an open stony pasture, covered with herbage, probably an old moraine. This summer I found it abundant, and much more luxuriant, in a Pine forest near Mayence, in Germany, in pure sand mixed with the icanty vegetable mould of decayed^Pine leaves. C. Calceolus certainly does not require stiff' loamy soil mixed with limestone. With me it has grown for years on a peaty soil which suits C. spectablle and C. pubescens. Sand is cer- tainly one of the best soils for growing many delicate bulbs and plants, but it must not be constantly saturated in autumn and winter, and it must be enriched artificially with leaf-mould or very old manure If you wish to have luxuriant growth. In De Graaffs nursery at Leyden, where many of the rarest and most difficult to manage of bulbs and herbaceous plants are grown with great success, the soil is little more than sand, which has become rich by long cultivation and manuring ; and so it is with many of the best Belgian and German gardens. H. J. Elwes. Cattleya superba splendens. — I send you a spike of Cattleya superba splendens which has seven flowers on the spike. Is it not an unusual number ? We frequently have four flowers, but I do not remember having seen so many on a spike before. Last season it flowered for the first time, and then it had only four blooms on the spike. Thomas Denny. [A charming spike of a variety quite equal In colour to Mr. Bockett's, which was certificated at South Kensington last week. Ed.] The warm and showery weather we have experi- enced of late has been very advantageous to the flower garden. The growth of the plants has been unusually rapid and satisfactory, and the beds generally are not only well furnished, but they also present a more gay appearance than is usually seen before the month of August. With this quick growth they will of course require more frequent attention in respect to culti- vation than is the case in ordinary seasons, else they will soon grow beyond their proper limits, and be- come unsightly. In respect to the beds planted on the " carpet system " the chief work now lies in main- taining the plants which form the different patterns In their exact shape, not allowing a single shoot or leaf to grow beyond its allotted space, nor in any other way to Interfere with the proper outline of the design which they are intended to pourtray. This' cannot be accomplished except by frequent pinching, clipping, pegging, or tying, according to the habit or nature of the plant, and the position it occupies In the bed. In very elaborate designs this work will be greatly facilitated if some definite and accurate mark or guide be provided at the angle of each section of the pattern. For this purpose small wooden stakes should be inserted at the different angles ; or If small lengths of thin slate be inserted so as to indicate the various outlines they will be even more preferable, and less likely to offend the eye. With such an arrangement the various lines are readily discerned, and the work of trimming Is made comparatively easy. Where the ordinary plants only are used either in masses or ribbons such exactness In training Is not required, nor is it desirable. The first object should be to furnish every part of the bed, and at the same time to secure them from breakage either by tying or pegging, and then allow them a certain amount of liberty without permitting any undue crowding. In those gardens where a combination of these systems of planting Is adopted, where the beds consist of a judicious selec- tion of herbaceous plants, bulbs and annuals inter- mixed with the ordinary bedding plants, much greater care and forethought Is required, not only In training so as to prevent too great irregularity, but also to pre- vent any unseemly blanks occurring so as to mar that which would otherwise be an effective display. To this end It Is necessary to keep in reserve, and ready for transplanting when required, a number of plants to fill in the vacancies as they occur. Amongst the most suitable subjects for this purpose are Pelargo- niums, Balsams, Stocks, Asters, Petunias, Nasturtiums, Phlox, MImulus, Pansies, Violas, Lilies, Gladiolus, and TIgridias. As the early bulbs and other plants go out of bloom their places can easily be filled by the most suitable plants and the beds be kept gay for a great length of time, By this system it is true there is not that even and uniform appearance presented by carpet beds, nor is there at any time that blaze of colour to which we have been so long accustomed ; on the other hand there is an ever changing, ever charming variety in outline and colour which cannot fail to please, with just sulficlent relief at all times to prevent the garden being gaudy or monotonous ; and where the beds are not too small nor too strictly geometrical in shape many of the larger growing autumn flowering herbaceous plants may be introduced so as to prolong the blooming season to a later period of the year than is possible by any other system of bedding. Roses. — The time for propagating, either by cuttings or budding, has now arrived, and no time should be lost in performing these operations. Pro- pagation by cuttings has, during the last few destruc- tive winters, proved most serviceable, as plants on their own roots have, In many instances, proved to be much hardier than budded plants, and when well cultivated produce blooms quite equal in size and quality to those budded on either the Dog Rose or Manettl. In propagating by cuttings, a few things require special attention. The shoots must be perfect- ly ripe, they must be cut off at the heel or joint, and the cuttings must be planted In sandy loam under a hand-light, in a moderately shaded and moist situation, where they should be allowed to remain undisturbed until they have formed roots an inch long. By strictly following these rules scarcely a cutting will fall, whether they belong to either the hardy perpetual. Tea or Noisette sections. In budding Roses care should be taken to catch the exact time when the bark of the stock runs freely, also to choose fine weather for the operation, as rain, if allowed to enter with the bud, often causes fermentation, and failure Is the result. The larger the bark attached to the bud is In reason the better, as it Is not afterwards so easily blown out by storms. In tying in the bud, the cotton or worsted should not be too fine, nor should It be tied too closely, so as to entirely exclude light and air from the bud. When the bud has fairly united with the stock the tying material should be loosened so as to allow the bud and stock to swell properly. Great injury Is often done by allowing the bandages to remain on too long and too tight, whereby the free circulation of the sap is impeded. Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. — Now is the proper time to propagate these, either by cuttings or layers. If by cuttings or pipings, a hand-light should be placed on a very moderate hot-bed, and the cuttings planted in very sandy light soil. If by layers, the most forward and best ripened growths should be selected, and In preparing the layer the cut should be made low down and more than half way through the shoot. It should then be pegged firmly into the soil, which should have a good portion of sand mixed with it. By propagating at this time the layers become well rooted and thoroughly established before the approach of winter, and are not so liable to damp off as when propagated later in the season. Wireworm, the chief enemy of the Dianthus, should be well looked after, and should it attack them pieces of Carrot or Potato placed just under the surface soil near the plants will soon attract them, when they may easily be destroyed. T, S. C. Jflelons an6 Cucumbers. Melons. — To plants having their roots growing in a somewhat confined space, and which are now swell- ing off their fruits, give liberal and frequent supplies of liquid manure in a weak state, but avoid wetting the fruits as much as possible, as this, in con- junction with imperfect ventilation, would cause them to crack. Immediately after an appli- cation of liquid manure wash the foliage over with clear water. Put a little air on about half- past seven in the morning, and gradually add to it as the power of the sun Increases. Shut up at from half- past three to four o'clock — a little earlier or later according to the state of the weather and the situation of the houses — with plenty of atmospheric moisture on bright days. In structures where Melons are approach- ing maturity Increase the ventilation with a correspond- ing decrease in the atmospheric moisture of the houses, and apply a little fire-heat at night to finish off the flavouring and colouring of the fruits. In succession- r houses, where the fruits have set too thickly thin them out to three or four (according to the strength of the plants and variety) so soon as it can be ascertained JULV 21, 1S83.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 79 which are going to swell-off the best and most even- shaped fruit, which should be distributed regularly over the plants. Place some pieces of wood or slate in a sloping position to prevent the lodg- ment of water, to keep the fruit off the damp surface, which would disfigure them. Complete the earthing- up of late plantings, and see that the same have proper attention in the way of thinning and slopping the shoots, as also the setting of the fruit on bright days when the pollen is dry. H. W, Ward. Cucumbers. — These should be attended to in the way of stopping and thinning the shoots two or three times a week. The growths should be kept well thinned out, by which means the wood will become consolidated and prolific. It is a fact well known to practical gardeners, that Cucumber plants can be kept producing fruit all the year through by judicious cropping, and by having the old wood regularly cut out when practicable, and sufficient young laid in to replace it, with occasional top-dressings and frequent and liberal applications of diluted liquid manure to the roots ; this, with a suitable temperature and genial atmospheric moisture, can easily be accom- plished. Of course, where there is a successional- house, plants raised from seed next month would be preferable for winter work, inasmuch as they would be more vigorous growing, but where there is only one house, and it is not desirable to have a break in the supply of fruit while a fresh batch of plants are being established, the above plan may be had recourse to with advantage. H, IK WarJ^ Longford Castli Guldens, |liiirt3 and \\\^\\ \jM.\t Stove Climbing Plants. — Stephanotis is one of the most useful for the production of a supply of flowers for cut purposes, and now that such a great demand is made upon the resources of many establishments in this direction, it behoves those in charge to do their best to attain the desired end. The planting-out sjstem is undoubtedly the best for the Stephanotis to secure a good crop of bloom. Many a bare roof of a stove house might with advan- tage be partially covered with this exotic. Those who possess large pot plants could turn them to a good account in this manner instead of keeping them trained to a formal trellis. They will thrive well in equal proportions of fibrous loam and peat, allowing a good amount of drainage. Plants that have flowered this season might now be turned out in this way, pruning them moderately ; if in a congenial tempera- ture they will soon start into growth again. To secure an early crop of flowers from plants that are permanently established in an open border or bed it is necessary to prune these also ; if the plant is overgrown and occupying its allotted space somewhat severe cutting back will do no harm — rather the reverse. Keep the plant dry at the root till fresh growth commences, then give every encou- ragement for it to perfect the same as quickly as possible. On the shoots thus made the flower trusses will be partially pushed forward this autumn, and can then be easily had in flower by the end of the following March. Ipomoea Hors- falli.-e must also be induced to make a good growth now for next winter's bloom ; it will well repay the attention bestowed upon it, although the flowers last but one day. Jasminum gracilli- mum should also now be growing vigorously ; every strong shoot now made will in the autumn put forth lateral growths freely that will have terminals with corymbs of sweet-scented flowers. We think this plant can be grown in a teraperate-house, and intend to try it in this way ourselves before long. Two of the best of the Passifloras are P. princeps and P. kermesina ; these will both do well in pots, and look fine when draped from the roof. Spider will attack them at this season of the year ; a vigorous use of the syringe will, however, keep this enemy in check. P. quadrangularis requires more room, and is best adapted for a lofty house. We have it now in a tem- perate-house, making a good growth, which will, no doubt, flower in the autumn. Hibiscus schizopetalus seems to be well adapted for running up under a rafter ; we are now training ours in this manner, expecting to see its flowers displayed to better advan- tage. Allamandas, Bougainvilleas, and Cleroden- drons need no remarks now, having been lately treated upon. Jasminum grandiflorum, though classed as a greenhouse plant, is best grown in a temperate- house. It should now be in good active growth ; this ought to be trained thinly near the glass ; take care to keep the points intact, as nearly every one will yield flower in the autumn, when they are most useful. Tacsonia insignis is best grown in the same house, where it should now be a grand object in bloom. It will impart an amount of shade that will well suit some plants underneath it at this time of the year. Bignonia venusta will make an excellent companion for the foregoing, to Sower ia the winter. Conservatory Climbers. — Nothing gives a graceful effect in this kind of structure better than an assorted collection of climbing plants. We are scarcely ever without one or more in good bloom, commencing early in the season with Chorozema Chandleri, which cannot be surpassed in the early spring months. Those who possess a good pot specimen of this or any other good kind will do wisely to turn it out in a well prepared border at once, and thereby secure a good foundation for the coming spring. Habrothamnus elegans, an almost perpetual bloomer, gives a good display in succession to the Chorozema. Where overgrown plants of any Habrothamnus exist, now is a good time to give them a good spurring-in, to secure a fresh break in time to flower in winter after the Lapageria ceases, which latter plant is now coming nicely into bloom. Tac- sonia exoniensis is this season flowering well with us for the first time. Formerly we confined it exclu- sively to its own arch, and allowed it to festoon the same somewhat thickly ; this treatment was not, however, suited to its blooming qualities. Last year we took some shoots of good strength and trained them horizontally ; laterals from these strong growths are now flowering freely. We had nearly condemned this fine climber, having failed previously for several seasons ; now we intend to let it ramble on the roof, keeping each main shoot a good distance apart. Tac- sonia Van Volxemi is doing well under the same treatment. Over-grown plants of Trachelospermum (Rhynchospermum)jasminoides maybe turned to good account as conservatory climbers if they have hitherto been grown as pot specimens. In a large conserva- tory with a good expanse of roof Acacia dealbata is a fine sul'ject.so also is the now seldom seen Mandevilla suaveolens. No better time of the year than the present could be chosen to proceed with planting conservatory climbers. This structure should not, or at least ought not, to be so crowded, as early in the season better opportunity is thereby afforded to give fresh planted stock more light and air for a fair start. It often happens that in the arrangement of a con- servatory due regard is not had to the convenience of planting out climbers. The best job must, however, be made in each individual case. If the space at command is limited, plant those only that want less root-room ; but in all cases see that such permanent subjects as these have soil only of the best description. Be careful to introduce no insect pests — mealy- bug in particular — into a house newly planted ; too much caution in regard to this cannot possibly be exercised. Carelessness in respect of this important point has undoubtedly caused climbing plants to be less popular, and consequently not so largely used as they deserve to be in every house devoted to plant culture. Where mealy-bug exists a thorough clean out will be far the cheapest in" the end with climbing plants, and this process can perhaps be better seen to during the next few weeks than it could have been for some months past. The saving in future labour will amply compensate for any extra time expended in this direction at once. James Hudson, Gicnnershiry ffouse, Acion, IV., July 17. Peaches anb Nectarines. Keei' early houses as cool as possible by throwing open the ventilators and doors to the fullest extent, by night as well as by day, and keep the foliage clean by syringing or washing with the hose twice daily. If the lights on the roof are mov- able, they may be taken off altogether about the end of this month, or in the beginning of August, to give the trees the benefit of the autumn sun, rain and dews. Pinch-In laterals, and stop or take out alto- gether any strong gross shoots that are taking the lead. Succession-houses are coming on very fast and close on the heels of each other, and in fact early varieties in the succes^ion - house this season are ripe before the later varieties in the preceding house are over. Ventilate freely, and carry out the directions already given as to exposing the fruit to the influence of the sun and light, to get them high coloured and fine flavoured. Tie-in shoots in late houses, keeping them somewhat thinner than in the earlier houses, in order to get the wood well ripened. Stop all laterals and gross shoots or any terminal shoots that will have to be taken out after the fruit is gathered, y. Wallis, Aiele Gardens, July 17. Early Potatos which are ripe may now be dug, and the finest tubers be carried to the root-room, and the medium sized ones spread out in the sun to green before they are stored away on the shelves. I would most strongly impress upon growers the necessity of not choosing small or inferior seed for next year. Thl^, on the score of economy, is I know oftentimes done, and the grower wonders why his crop Is not satisfactory. The late red Celery should now be planted. If the ground is in good heart, simply draw a drill on the surface as if for Peas, and into this plant the crop, but if the soil is poor stretch a line, and about a foot wide, dig in a good coating of rich rotten dung ; but in either case plant on the surface, or nearly so — simply'a shallow drill — to enable one to ultimately help the plant if necessary with liquid manure. This surface planting will enable the plants to stand the wintry weather better. The very earliest crop ought now to be gone over, and have any side shoots removed, and after a good and final watering have a little soil put to it. This is the best month in all the year to dry herbs. Such as Mint, Marjoram, Summer Savory, Sage, and the king of herbs. Sweet Basil, all now coming into blossom should be cut off and dried for winter use. Various plans are recommended, but to my mind the best is the screen in front of the kitchen fire. Here the process is begun and finished off in a day, and then the herbs are put away in tin boxes or wide-mouthed glass bottles, and corked up and kept in a dry cupboard for winter use. The full flavour of the herb is thus secured and retained. The Mush- room-house proper will now be empty ; therefore choose a dull day, close every shutter and window, get a large shovel of live coal, place this in the middle of the floor, and throw on a good handful or two of sulphur, shut the door, and fasten It up. This will kill every Insect, and, after being a day shut up, the house may be swept out and whitewashed in readiness for the autumn beds being got ready. As fast as Peas and Beans are cleared off the ground let good breadths of Broccoli be planted. As we pointed out in our last the ground need not be dug ; it will be moister than if dug at this time of the year, and if the plants have been pro- perly prepared in the pricking out ground they will be stocky, and will not feel the move so very much ; besides, in undug ground the growth is not so gross, consequently the entire crop stands the winter better. On north borders we plant dwarf Scotch Kale and Lapland Kale, as these two withstand the severest winters, and come In most useful in the spring, when other Greens are running to seed. Oftentimes an unexpected frost cuts oft" the entire crop of French Beans in a single night, so that one must now, in frames or pits, make another sowing of some dwarf approved kind In an open situation ; the soil need not be very rich, and the lights should not be put on till the danger of frost is appre- hended ; the breadth sown must entirely depend upon the family. Where Vegetable Marrows have been well managed, theyarenowin full bearing ; lookoverthebed daily, and cut all large enough for use because one fruit forming seed will run away with more sap from the plant than fifty young ones will. Tomatos will still require weekly attendance In removing superfluous shoots. The ripe fruit should be gathered from those under glass, and if not wanted immediately should be laid on a dry shelf and used in the rotation in which they are gathered. Plant out successional Endive on rather light soil and in a warm situation. Make the principal sowing of Cabbage In an open space to stand the winter, and in late localities the last crop of Turnips ; the best to stand the winter is Chirk Castle Black Stone and Orange Jelly ; another handsome and sweet-flavoured kind isRussian Cup— this, like the last mentioned, is a yellow-fleshed kind, and so not re- lished by some, but for what reason I never could ascertain. Pull and store away in a dry place Potatos, Onions, Garlic, and Shallots, and once again look over the Onion beds and remove any bulbs where they are too thick. A few more plants of Autumn Giant Cauliflower may be planted out for very late use. Sow again on a north border Cos and Cabbage Lettuce for autumn use, and keep the hoe going amongst crops ; keep weeds under and let all be kept neat and tidy. j. Rusl, £rid^e Castle, Susse.x. 8o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. fJULY 21, 1883. Tuesday, July APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. r Royal Horticultural Society; Meeting of ■ IFloral Committees, at II A M. ; nmittee, at i P.M. Uarnation and Picotee Society's . _. South Kensington. ' Newcastle-upon-Tyne Horticultural So- ■3 Show (three days). Imported Orchids, Stove Plants, ^ , _t Stevens' Rooms. ThOTSDAY, July 26 { ^^^=„°'3 '■"P""'"' O'cli^s. at Stevens' I Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Wedhesday, J (Fruit and Flo Scientific Coir National Carna Show at Soutt f Newcastlc- ulv35-< ciety'sSh ""'Si Sale of Iir I &c.,atSt Friday, July 37 j ■ THE remarks lately made in our columns as to the uselessness of most of the collec- tions of Wild Flowers exhibited at flower shows will, we are sure, meet with the approval of all who are concerned either with the educa- tion or the amusements of the coming genera- tion. The collections of wild plants, living and dried, to be seen at flower shows are for the most part absolutely useless, and they may even be mischievous. Of course, the children who compete for these prizes are not to blame, the fault lies with the framers of the schedules. To say the truth, a rather lengthened experience has shown us that in the great majority of cases neither prize offerers, nor prize winners, neither committee nor judges, have any but the vaguest and most superficial knowledge of the plants exhibited, and of the lessons they might convey if properly studied. We know of striking exceptions, of course, but on the whole the case is as we have put it This being so, what possible good can be expected to accrue from such exhibitions 'i Where instruction has been afforded before- hand, as to the appearance, relationships, and properties of our common weeds the case is different, but even then the tendency is to foster mere collecting and name-giving without other more valuable information. Collecting of itself is one of the most innocent and delightful of occupations — we have nothing but good to say of it, but to be of any value beyond affording re- creation and wholesome exercise, it must be associated with intelligent observation. The business of the teacher is to foster and direct this faculty, which is usually very keen in chil- dren. The teacher therefore should endeavour to interest his pupil not merely by encouraging large collections and by taxing the memory of the child with hard words, but by inducing him to observe and by demonstrating to him some or other of the infinite number of points of interest connected with the mode of growth, the habitat, the structure of the flower and its relation to insects visitors, welcome or unwelcome, &c. With the numerous works treating of the life- history of plants now within easy reach there is no excuse for continuing in the old grooves and confining attention principally to hard words and their explanations. People who go on in this way will never make Peter Bell any better than he is. A Primrose will be for ever to him a Primrose, or at most " Primula vulgaris." But to the botanist a Primrose is not as the profane and unreflecting — and even some poets, who ought to know better— think, merely a gamopetalous dicotyledon, with certain peculiarities of floral organisation, but it is a creation instinct with life, full of exquisite beauty, endowed with the most marvellous power of fulfilling its office in the world, adapt- ing itself to circumstances, scheming and con- triving, we might almost say, how best to bear itself in the struggle for life, against the elements, and against the competition of rivals and associates. Its relationships are as in- tricate as any genealogist could desire ; to work out its pedigree would be to unravel a thousand mysteries, and bring to light a thousand points of interest. Any weed affords means and opportunity for studying these matters. To do so even in the slightest degree is, pro tanto, to investigate truth, than which no purer, higher pursuit can be longed for. Instead, therefore, of indiscriminate col- lecting the child should be taught and shown something of the structure and life-history of the plant ; its interest should be aroused by information as to how the plant grows, what it does, why and how. A few seedlings grown in a pot, a Hyacinth in a vase, a Scarlet Runner climbing up a stick, a Snapdragon flower — a hundred of the commonest things may be made the means of exciting lively interest and of obtaining instruction far more valuable than any that can be had by bunching weeds in a pickle bottle at a flower show. For those more advanced in years and in knowledge, who do not care for mere collecting, or who desire to add to it some more profitable mental occupation, there is abundant scope which it is hardly necessary to particularise, but we may give one illustration from a recent lecture of Mr. Baker on the "Geography ot British Plants." Alluding to the question as to the propriety of attributing specific or varietal rank only to certain plants Mr. BAKER adds : — ' ' There is a wide fieM liere for collecting and corre- lating facts, many of them of a kind that can be investi- gated suitably by a local country botanist with limited leisure. For instance, it would be quite within the scope of any one with a small garden to raise from seed for a few years some of the numerous varieties of Viola tricolor and its sub-species arvensis, lutea, and Curtisii, and Iceep a record of what happened ; or to bring half-a-dozen of the native Epilobia or Rumices into his garden, and make experiments in hybridising them. Work of this kind can be done far better in a quiet little garden in the country than in a large establishment like Cambridge or Kew. There is no one now that I know of who has any large number of these ' critical ' British plants under cul- tivation, like Mr. Watson used to have twenty years ago in his small garden at Thames Ditton. " In accounting for the variation of our more variable specific types, I do not think that the Darwinian prin- ciple of the propagation by naturalselection of characters that aid the organism in the struggle for e-xistence will carry us very far. In Rubus, for instance, in which of all our indigenous generic types we get the widest range of variation between remote extremes without any clear line of demarcation, one can scarcely faeUeve that any varietal or sub-specific type (a few hybrids hke R. pseudo- idEeus, and manifest degradations hke R. Leesii ex- cepted) possesses any character or capacity that, in the struggle for life, will give it an advantage over any other." Another point which botanists and students who think that British botany has been so thoroughly worked out that it can now yield no further points of interest, is the distribution of plants according to the character of the soil. On this point we may again refer to what Mr. Baker has to say : — ' ' As regards the minute circumstances coimected with soil that affect species-distribution, gardeners could teach botanists a great deal, if they would keep_their eyes open in the routine of their daily work. The most valuable recent contribution to our knowledge in this direction is Kerner's Cultur der Alpenp/lamen, published at Inns- bruck in 1864, of which an excellent abstract in English appeared in the number of Mr. Robinson's periodical called Tin Garden, for December 10, i83t. Kerner's observations refer to the plants of the Alps of Central Europe, and in the first place he classifies the species into three groups, according to the amount of humus, or vegetable matter, which they need. In the first group, those that can grow in a soil poor in humus, he places the alpine Crucifers, Crassu- lacese, Alsines, Silenes, and most of the Compositse. In the second group, composed of species that grow well on soil composed of vegetable humus and inorganic detritus mixed in equal proportions, he places the Potentillas, Primulas, Gentians, Orchises, Legu- minosae, UmbeUiferae, Cyperaceas, and grasses. In the third group, which need a soil rich in humus, he places the Junci, Luzulas, Heaths, Vaccinia, Ferns, and Lyco- podia. In a second fist he classifies the species in three groups, according to whether they succeed best in soil containing lime, or whether Hme harms them, or whether they are indifferent to it. Among the lime-lovers he places Campanula pusilla, Cypripedium Calceolus, Draba aizoides, Dryas octopetala. Primula auricula, Scabiosa lucida, Rubus saxatilis, and Phyteuma orbiculare ; amongst the hrae-haters he classifies Allosorus crispus, Asplenium septentrionale, the Droseras, Linnsea borealis, Lycopodium alpinum and Selago, Viola lutea, Sahx herbacea, Trientahs eiuopaea, and Scirpus ceespitosus ; amongst the species indifferent to lime he places Aspidium Lonchites, Gentiaoa verna, Lychnis alpina, Saxifraga aizoides and stellaris. And, finally, he again classifies all the species under three groups, according as to whether they grow best in a sandy or a clayey soil, and are in- different in this respect. So that we get a full classifica- tion of all the species noted, made from three different points of view, which is eminently suggestive in its bearing upon their dispersion as wild plants." The works of Darwin, Lubbock, Taylor, Cooke, and others teem with similar illustrations, which we commend to schoolmasters and speci- ally to framers of schedules in the hope that they -may see their way to abandon profitless com- petitions, and encourage wholesome, interesting, and useful inquiry. The competitors would be more really interested, they would experience the satisfaction that the acquisition of knowledge by one's own powers always gives ; probably they might even participate in that keener joy which the inquirer feels when he makes fresh discoveries and extends the bounds of know- ledge. His whole mental organisation will be benefited, while if he is to be a cultivator of plants in the future, or the director of others, he will have all the advantage and confidence which intelligence and knowledge confer over mere tradition and routine. Trade Groups at Flower Shows. — At this time of the year, when flower shows are as fre- quent as thunderstorms, it is not an inappropriate moment to discuss the question as to what kind of honours, if any, should be paid to trade groups of plants and flowers at such gatherings. Of course competition for prizes is out of the question, for not only are the majority of such exhibitors ineligible to compete, but they have no desire to enter into cotn- petition with those who are their customers. These groups in all cases add very materially to the interest and beauty of shows, and not infrequently there are charms about them that no other elements in the exhibition can supply. Committees of flower shows, however glad (as they are) to get these groups, are often puzzled to know how to deal with them. If they have the funds, and are wise, they will vote the trade grower some small sum towards his inevit- able disbursements, and though not one half his ex- penses are met, yet he is gratified at the kindly consi- deration shown. On the other hand, there are many shows at which this good feeling is not displayed, and the trade grower perhaps gets the thanks of the com- mittee privately conveyed — perhaps not. In any case the committee that omits lo display such courtesy must be composed of a very uncouth lot of people indeed. But the managers of shows are often more perplexed as to the nature of the honours to be pub- licly bestowed on these groups than about private arrangements. Shall they be Commended, or Highly Commended, or shall they be left to gather their own honours unticketed ? But a few days since, at a large show, one manager solved the difficulty by bestowing a label of High Commendation upon a dozen or so of these collections indiscriminately. What we should like to learn is whether in this and similar cases the tradesmen approved and appreciated the award, or did not. There ate not a few show managers who would like to glean the views of the trade growers upon this delicate subject, Seedling Begonias. — Messrs. John Laing & Co. have sent us a Begonia bloom — the largest they have yet raised, and which measures 6 inches by 5} inches. The form is perfect for so large a flower, and the colour glowing crimson-scarlet, Cattleyas from Mr. Percival. — Some very fine blooms of Cattleyas from R. P. Percival, Esq., of Birkdale, were on view at Mr. J. C. Stevens' office on Thursday. C. Eldorado Wallisi was represented in all shades of white with differ- ently tinted orange lip, the delightful Honeysuckle odour from them being perceptible even in the door- way. Mr. Percival is very successful with the Cattleyas of the Eldorado section, and he grows them in summer along with the varieties of C. Trianae, and much cooler than Eldorado is gener- ally grown, The fact is worth recording, as there are scores of this beautiful Cattleya at present languishing In hothouses. Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, with very large highly coloured labellum, and petals expanding 9 inches, affords a very good example of what this plant is when well grown, C. Mendeli, C. Dowiana, C, superba, Lselia elegans varieties, and July 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 81 different forms of Masdevallia cbimsera, also appeared in the same vase. The Orchid Exhibition at Mr. Bull's Nursery has proved a great success. Ever since its opening a continuous and varied display has been kept up, which has induced a great number of those who have visited it to repeat the visit several times, and for the middle of July the display is still in every way remarkable. Such beautiful examples of Orchids, arranged as they are in Mr. Bull's large ihow-house, tastefully mingled with rare Ferns and such graceful foliage as that of Asparagus plumosus, cannot fail to prove of benefit in e^ttending the culture the fine pans of Disa grandiflora at the entrance. There is a peculiar glow in the orange-tinted scarlet of some of the varieties of this plant which make them very catching to the eye at any reasonable distance. Where there is such a profusion of excellence it is difficult to particularise, but prominent among the good things well bloomed were some very fine Aerides Lobbii, Cymbidium Lowianum, Oncidium Gardnerianum, O. Lanceanum, O. leucochilum, Grammatophyllum EUisii, and many very fine Masde- vallias. Royal Horticultural Society. — The ann\ial enhibjtion of the Carnation and P'cotee least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear to do well out-of-doors, preferring the shelter of a cool greenhouse ; and it stands forcing well. We understand that one of the most extensive growers of plants for market has given a large order for bulbs for forcing next spring. Mr. Bennett's Rose Her Majesty.— Here is an interesting fact with reference to that magnificent new Rose, Her Majesty. Mr. Bennett showed a splendid bloom of this variety in his box of twelve at South Kensington on July 3. On the following day the same bloom made its appearance at the West minster Aouarium, 00 the Thursday it figured son Fig, 14. — VIEW IN MR. brockbank's garden at brockhurst, dibsbury. (^e f. 77.) of Orchids generally. The cool and comfortable tem- perature of the house, too, in which they are arranged, and in which they seem to last so long in bloom, can- not fail to disturb that popular error in the minds of many, viz., that Orchids must always be kept in close houses. On the occasion of our visit this week we found the Orchid show as fresh and as interesting as at its opening, although we missed many of those grand varieties of Odontoglossum vexillarium and O. Alex- andrse ; the best of them have passed out of bloom, but their places are taken by some grand masses of Lselia purpurata, with some of the largest blooms we ever saw ; L. elegans, some gorgeous Cattleya gigas, C. Eldorado, C. Warneri, C. Mendeli, and that pujzling, yet beautiful and distinct C. Gaskelliana. Perhaps nothing in the bouse could equal in brilliancy Society at South Kensington, on Tuesday next, promises to be a very successfiil one. Besides the display of these popular flowers it is expected that groups of Begonias will form an unusually strong feature. The show will be held in the tent, and the committees will meet in the Picture Gallery adjoining. LILIUU Harrisi. — We have received a two- flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs. Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market, and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53, by a second-sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, of Whitton, near Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to be accu- mulating that it is distinct from L. longiflorum, or at tpicuottsly at Kingston-on-Thames, and on the follow- ing Saturday was shown again at the Crystal Palace, and was quite fresh in appearance at the close of that exhibition, A few blooms of this character would be invaluable to some exhibitors of Roses. Chrysanthemum segetum. — This cornfield " weed " is proving a most useful plant to cut from, as the blossoms last such a long time in colour. Some flowers cut ten days ago are as fresh as they were when taken from the plants. This is saying much for any flower ; besides, theyare of a very pleasing bright golden colour, and though at this season of the year there are many flowers of this colour, it takes high rank among them, Mr. Roberts has it growing in the gardens at Gunnersbury Park in a long well-manured border, 82 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. where it grows and blooms with great freedom. It is perhaps a little too straggling in growth for small gardens, but Mr. Roberts took the precaution of sowing it with Eartonia aurea, and this, being dwarfer, makes an attractive line of yellow. One tendency in matters gardening in the present age is to illustrate the value of common flowers, and many things neglected of late are coming to the fore. Centaurea Cyanus minor and its varieties offer a case in point. It is now being largely grown because so free, and it yields an enormous number of flowers of pleasing shades, and especially of an acceptable shade of blue. From being a comparatively neglected, it is now a largely cultivated plant. The Brighton and Hove Chrysanthe- mum Society have issued a schedule of prizes for their first exhibition, which is fixed for November 13 and 14 next. Mr. Longhurst, 87, Western Road, Brighton, is the Honorary Secretary. Entomological Notes. — The British Council of Education, says an American paper, has established a committee of economic entomology, and among other able members appointed are Pro- fessor Huxley, Professor Westwood, Professor Wrightson (President of Downton College of Agri- culture), Mr. Dyer (Sub-Director Kew Gardens), and Miss Ormerod. Almonds Fruiting. — It is worthy of re- mark that, while standard trees of stone fruits growing in the open, and especially Plums, are almost desti- tute of fruit, many of the Almond trees growing in the suburbs of London are laden with fruit. They can be seen in places bearing]clusters of fruit ; but per- haps sheltered positions may have had something to do with it, the trees escaping the baneful effects of the terriflc gale of last March, Almond trees are gener- ally found in forecourt gardens, where they are to some extent sheltered by dwellings, and also by neighbouring trees. The Royal Jersey Horticultural and Agricultural Society. — This Society celebrates its jubilee year by holding its fiftieth anniversary on Tuesday, August 21, and four following days. The horticultural and agricultural exhibition ex- tends over two days. There is to be a jubilee banquet, a concert in the hall of Victoria College, excursions to various parts of the island, inspections of gardens, &c., terminating with a ball on Friday, August 24. The programme is a very spirited one, and English horticulturists contemplating a holiday might spend one agreeably in visiting Jersey on this occasion. Polygonum amphibium. — To the un- initiated this native plant, as seen on dry land and in water, is scarcely if at all recognisable, so diflferent is the habitat, and altered its general appearance. On dry land the stems assume a decumbent or ascend- ing direction with narrow leaves ; but on water, as is to be seen on one of the pieces of ornamental water in Richmond Park, the leaves are much broader and floating on the surface, while the stems also present the appearance of a true aquatic. The dense oblong heads of pink flowers just emerge for a distance of a few inches above the water, and are so abundant just now as to be quite gay and effective even at a distance. It is figured in English Botany, t. 436. Mr. Bennett's Pedigree Roses. — Some of our Rose loving readers may be interested to know that one of Mr. Bennett's seedlings has recently been the subject of a trade bargain, which in magnitude we imagine has not before been exceeded in this, if in any other country where a Rose has been the sub- ject bartered. We believe we are divulging no secret when we state that an enterprising Philadel- phia plant merchant, Mr. Evans, has bought half Mr. Bennett's stock of the crimson Tea Rose, William Francis Bennett, for .^750, and has legally bound himself not to sell or otherwise dispose of any bud, cutting, or scion, but only the flowers, for a term of four years. The Rose in question is not much known, except to those who have visited Mr. Ben- nett's Rose nursery at Shepperton, or previously at Stapleford, but it has made its mark in Covent Garden and other markets, many thousands of its bloom-buds having been sold at highly remunerative prices. As we have before stated, it is one of the most persistent of winter bloomers. As with Welling- ton's soldiers at Waterloo, so it is with this Rose — when one bud is cut off another quickly takes its place. It partakes largely of the Niphetos form, and is a glowing crimson in colour. When we remember that in America, Roses in winter realise sums that make the English grower's mouth water, it needs no great stretch of imagination to convince us that Mr. Evans' speculation most soon prove a profitable in- vestment, Nuphar advena. — No ornamental water> however natural the surroundings may be, is com- plete without some patches of Water Lilies, and there are few places of any pretensions but can boast of our native ones (Nymphsa alba and Nuphar lutea) at least. They make an admirable contrast, and when located a little way off" the margin in a sheltered quiet creek or bend of a river or lake, nothing could be more sug- gestive of repose. The subject of this note is even more handsome than N. lutea, and a far more vigor- ous grower. It is figured in the Botanical Maga- zine, t. 684, and some large patches in the pleasure- grounds, Kew, have a bold and massive appearance, from their great leathery leaves, some of which float on the surface, and others are borne clear out of it on stout petioles. The outline of the flower is rather broken by the irregularity of the sepals (two or three of them being smaller and green), but this is more than compensated for by the deep orange-red stamens, that remind one of the corona of a Passion-flower. In N. lutea these are of the same yellow colour as the sepals. The petals, unlike those of the Nymphreas, which play so prominent a part in the appearance of the flower, are in this instance small and inconspicu- ous, because hidden by the stamens. Indoor Plants at the Chad Vale Nursery, Birmingham. — In one of the houses Lapageria alba is in a condition such as this free grow- ing climber is but rarely met with. It is planted out in a long bed occupying one side of a long house, where a portion of the shoots are layered, and others let to occupy a good part of the roof : these last-named were thus early — the middle of June — blooming in a way it is only now and then met with even later on in the season. A single shoot had forty-seven flowers on it, the whole side of the house being hung with the pure white drooping bells. Plants that give all the year round a succession of flowers for cutting receive especial attention. Amongst these Tuberoses are grown in quantity, and very successfully, potted at various times, so as to have them all the year ; those wanted for November are potted in March, they are started in bottom-heat, but kept quite cool at the top. A quantity of the African roots in bloom were unusually fine, bearing quantities of large flowers. Nicotiana tubiflora is grown so as to bloom all through the winter ; it is raised from seed, and is a much more refined flower than N. affinis, and is amongst the sweetest flowers grown. Of Calanthe Veitchii and vestita there are quantities in wire baskets hung up close to the roof, where they produce bulbs and flowers proportionately much stronger than when further from the glass. Eucharis Candida is being grown in quantity ; its flowers, smaller than those of E. amazonica, are by many on that account preferred for bouquets. Gaillardias are here largely grown as pot plants ; struck from cuttings and flowered in 4 or 5 inch pots they are very effective. Cyperus laxus variegata is well managed, and, as was obvious when first this pretty variegated plant made its appearance, it is one of the best small-growing fine-foliage subjects for decorative purposes. Solanum jasminiflorum is also cultivated in numbers. This is one of the purest of white flowers, not near so well known or so often met with as it deserves to be ; blooming in succession as it does in a small state, it should find a place in every warm greenhouse. Nepenthes and Orchids at the Bir- mingham Botanic Gardens.— In the stove a nice collection of Nepenthes is doing well, producing pitchers freely. In the house with them was a fine variety of Anthurium Andreanum, with large highly coloured spathes. Orchids of both the warm and cool sections, of which there is a nice collection being got together, are thriving satisfactorily, flowering as they invariably do when grown in light houses and kept well up to the glass. Cattleyas of various species and Lslias, with Aerides, Dendrobiums, Cypripediums, and others that require considerable warmth, go to make up the collection. Of that most useful winter blooming Orchid, Ccelogyne cristata, there is a large stock, thriving beautifully. The coolest section, comprising Odontoglossum crispum, 0. Pescatorei, and others of like character, with Mas- devallias, Disa grandiflora, and other cool kinds, are, as they should always be, located in a house where shade, air, and moisture in accordance with their requirements can be given them : they thrive and flower equally well with the warmer section. The elegant Russelia juncea is here grown in small pots, its bright tube-shaped drooping flowers offering an agreeable contrast to anything else with which it may be asso- ciated. Mandevilla suaveolens. — Planted out, this rambling evergreen climber makes a fine subject for trelliswork or the rafters of a conservatory. Owing to the great length the stems attain, the plant never gives satisfaction if its cultivation is attempted in pots, and flowering as it does towards the extremities of the shoots no pruning should be resorted to before it has done flowering. The size of the pure white flowers, however, and their fragrance constitute it a plant worth the attention of growers. A flowering specimen in the greenhouse at Kew is noticeable amidst the many climbers that enliven that structure, and keep up a constant succession of bloom for the greater part, if not the whole year round. Many of these are far more floriferous and perhaps more valuable from a horticultural point of view, on account of the quantity of flowers to cut from or otherwise ; but this one, having a long tube and expanded limb to the corolla, gives it an uncommon appearance. This, the only species, is figured in the Botanical Register, 1840, 7. Galactites tomentosa. — Although origin- ally introduced about a century and a half ago, this annual Composite is rarely seen occupying its proper place in the flower border. If sown early in the spring and thinned out to a proper distance where crowded, it is a plant that would repay the attention. This is a practice, however, which is too seldom attended to, and the consequences are starved plants, small flowers, and a short blooming period. This species is figured in the Annates dii lilitshun cfHistoire Naturelle, 16, t. 9, and is flowering on the new rockery at Kew, where, owing to its natural branching habit, the purple flowers will keep up a successional display for some time. The spiny cut leaves are beautifully variegated all along the midrib and principal veins with a milky-white colour, while the underside is densely felted with a white tomentum. The species was by some of the older botanists included in the genus Centaurea, from which it is easily distinguish- able by the feathery, not simple pappus. Dasylirion glaucophyllum. — Notwith- standing that several species of this genus have been introduced from time to time under various names, the uses to which they could be put in gardens should warrant their being more frequently seen. They are quite as graceful if not more so than many of the long narrow-leaved Cordylines, so much used in some places for relieving the stiffness and formal appearance in the flower as well as the sub-tropical garden. Several species of this genus could be utilised for the same purposes, where their spiny serrated leaves would certainly tend to vary and give the plants a mixed appearance. The present is one of the stronger growing and most useful as well. A noble specimen has been in bloom in the succu- lent-house at Kew for some time, the flowering stem of which has been let through an opening in the roof. The small fuscous coloured flowers are produced in a sub-fusiform panicle of several feet in length, while the slender glaucous leaves hang gracefully all around, and are remarkable for the peculiar way in which the spines on their margins are directed forwards, making it almost impossible to thrust one's hand into the centre of them. Mitchella repens. — Although an old in- habitant of English gardens, this little creeping Cin- chonad might be far more frequently met with than it is. The slender leafy shoots creep along, rooting in the ground, which it covers with a dense evergreen carpet. Once established it soon occupies a consider- able space, and is by no means unattractive. It might be employed to carpet the ground under trees or on shady banks which are not too dry. Although not absolutely necessary, as the plant is by no means fastidious, yet a good admixture of peat would greatly assist it by retaining the mojsture, and encouraging July 21, 1883,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 83 fresh roots on the young growths. In its native country (North America) it occupies large tracts of ground, extending from 28° to 69° N. lat. A patch of it on tlie new rockery at Kew acquires addi- tional interest by being dotted over with its twin axillary flowers, which are pink in bud and white wlien open. The plant is figured in Catesby's Natural History oj Carolina^ i., t. 20. Genista elata. — In parks or pleasure- grounds where plants are wanted for distant effect, few subjects of the kind could be more appropriate, growing as it does to the height of some 10 or 12 feet ; while in healthy, vigorous plants, every spray or slender shoot is terminated by a short raceme of flowers. A bold specimen planted here and there, even in a shrubbery border, where it might slightly overtop the neighbouring bushes, would have a con- spicuous and telling effect at this season amidst the varied shades of bloom and leaf tint. It is a subject, moreover, that will bear close inspection, being in no way characterised by coarseness of habit ; and when covered with its small, somewhat silky leaves and rich yellow flowers, the long, twiggy branches arch over as if weighted down by them. It is sometimes considered as a variety of G. tinctoria, and, if so, certainly a giant form, and well worth cultivating. Specimens may be seen in many parts of the pleasure and botanical grounds, Kew. Cienkowskia KiRKii.— Some plants of this Scitamineous stove flowering herb are noticeable amongst the other occupants of the X range at Kew for the great size and showiness of their flowers. These owe their conspicuous character to the three inner segments of the corolla, which are of a delicate mauve, fading to white at the base, with a bright yellow spot on the lower one, as well as on the anther crest. These two spots are so contiguously situated to the stigma that Nature seems to have meant it for attracting and guiding insects for the purposes of fer- tilisation. The individual flowers are not very endur- ing, but successionally developed from a spike that springs directly from the root, apparently quite inde- pendently of the leaves. The latter, however, are developed contemporaneously with the flowers, unlike those of some species of K.-empferia, a closely allied genus, which produces the flower-spikes first and afterwards the leaves. The leaves of the present plant are ovate-elliptic, deep green, and ample, adding in no small degree to the appearance of the plant. It is a native of East Tropical Africa, and was introduced to Kew from Zmzibar, where it was flowered some ten or eleven years ago, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5994. Nymph.'ea alba var. rosea is perhaps the most handsome of all hardy aquatics cultivated in this country. A plant in the outdoor tank at Ivew is now a fine sight, nearly a dozen of its large flowers being expanded at one time. There is no doubt that every cultivator of hardy aquatic plants would be glad to find a place in his collection for such a striking addi- tion to his treasures as this Water Lily, which only diflers from our common white one in the deep rose-red colour of its flowers. It is a native of Sweden, where it is only known to exist in one remote lake— Lake Fagerlarn, in the parish of Ham- mer. Fries, the great Swedish botanist, has recorded his opinion of the beauty of this plant by writing on the tickets accompanying the specimens in his Her- barium Normale, the Latin equivalent for " the largest and most beautiful flower in Europe, emulating the Victoria." The specimens in question retain their fine red colour, and measure 6 inches in diameter. A figure will appear in the Botanical Magazine. A Few Fine Ivies.— Planters should acquire that grand Ivy, Hedera amurensis, whose enormous leaf and rapid growth render the plant of great ser- vice in covering unsightly objects, and for covering arbours, &c., quickly. A good example can be seen at the Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale. Hedera palmata aurea, and H. aurea spectabilis, are also good kinds amongst the rapid strong-growing sorts with variegated foliage. Their growth is somewhat less vigorous than that of H. algeriensis or the first- named kind. Amongst Ivies of a dark or purplish hue of foliage there is nothing more effective than H. atropurpurea, a comparatively new plant, with ex- ceedingly dark leafage and moderate growth, which make it admirably suitable for low walls ; and H, rhomboidea is a dark green very close growing kind. The form of the leaf in this last-named variety is very pleasing and distinct. WoKMiA BuRBiDGEi. — Manygrowcrs do not seem to succeed well with this charming stove shrub, which grows so freely at Kew. Even for its large, somewhat leathery, deep green oval leaves, it seems worthy of a place in a select set of stove plants. The flowers are, however, very showy; they measure about 3 inches in diameter, are of a pale golden-yellow colour, with the exception of the numerous stamens, which are nearly white. It is a native of Northern Borneo, and was introduced by Messrs. VEiTcn through Mr. BURiilDGE, after whom it was named by Sir Joseph Hooker, who described and figured the plant in a recent volume of the Botanical Alagazine. The present species is the only one which has hitherto found its way to European gardens. Genista .TiTNENSIS. — Among the flowering shrubs now in bloom in the Kew Arboretum this species certainly occupies a place in the first rank for its graceful habit and the profusion with which its slender branches are clothed with golden-yellow flowers. In Loudon's Arboretum 2 feet to 4 feet is given as limit of height, but many bushes at Kew measure lo feet or more. Few more pleasing shrubs could be selected for the ornamental shrubbery, and the additional recommendation of its flowers being produced when nearly all its relations have long been past ought to lead to its being more generally planted. Agri-Horticultural Society of Ma- dras.— The following extracts from a recent report will be read with interest ; — " During the time referred to the Society has intro- duced, experimented with, or distributed, in addition to curious and ornamental plants, large numbers of valu- able trees, plants, and vegetables of known economic value, particularly Persian Date Palms, the Copal Var- nish lr.ee, African Oil Palms, Mahogany, Landolphia, Ceara rubber, Carobs, Brazil-nuts, Sapucaia-nuts, Queens- land-nuts, Water Chestnuts, Cocoa, Cinchona, Cloves, Nutmegs, Liberian Coffee, Bahmie Cotton, plants for fibre and paper-making. Eucalypti, and grasses and fodder plants. ' ' Ploughs, scythes, galvanised wire, canvas and rubber hose for irrigation, pumps, syringes, and other agricul- tural and horticultural implements have been imported or obtained, and distributed to various places in India and Burmah. ' ' Gardeners have been engaged and sent to employers in India and Burmah, and many boys are constantly being trained in the gardens. " The already magnificent botanical collection belong- ng to the Society is being almost daily added to, and a new botanical garden has been laid out and maintained. " A very extensive correspondence on botanical, arboricultural, agricultural, and horticultural subjects has been kept up for the purpose of diffusing informa- tion ; and the monthly Proceedings of the committee have been regularly printed and distributed to members of the Society, other similar bodies, and to persons inierestcd in the various subjects to which they refer. "Publications on economic plants and their culture, and catalogues of plants and garden and other requsiles have been obtained from, or voluntarily sent by the pub- Ushers and added to the Society's library {which, though limited, forms a much used source of information on arboricultural, agricultural, and horticultural subjects), or sent to persons requiring them. " Botanical specimens are given freely, whenever asked, to local professors and lecturers, and scientific visitors, and the Botanic Garden is believed to be of great service to the students of the various botanical classes. "The Society acts, and is largely employed, as an agency through which persons at a distance obtain supplies of fruit, avenue, shade, and other trees, plants, and seeds, and annually obtains and forwards to all parts of India, and often abroad, large quantities of grafted Mango and other trees, and seeds of many useful plants, particularly Inga dulcis, Casuarina, Cotton, Tobacco, Senna, forage plants, Maize, and other cereals. "The Society is often honoured by references from Government and the Board of Revenue for information on horticultural and kindred subjects ; and is frequently able to be of use to commissioners, collectors, and other authorities in distant provinces. " Details of the Society's more important work will be found in the monthly Proceedings which are regulary supplied to Government ; and concise statements thereof are published in the annual reports. " The increasing interest of the natives in the objects of the Society, and their marked success in imitating its European supporters, may be gathered from the number of prizes won by them at the Society's annual shows as detailed in the lists annexed to the annual reports ; while the s.ale-books show that if the natives do not join the .Society as members in such numbers as is desirable, they contribute handsomely to its support by bi-ing large purchasers of seeds, plants, &c. "The extensive and increasing work done by the Society is carried on by an unpaid officer, for pure love of the work, in his hours of leisure from the onerous duties of an important public office, and that the work so done is the work of the State." Malvastrum calycinum. — This is the Malva calycina of the Botanical Register, t. 297, vol. iv. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and should not be trusted out in the open air throughout the average British winter. The flowers are nearly li inch in diameter, of a pleasing rosy-pink colour. Well grown in the cool conservatory it attains a con- siderable size, and flowers very freely, making a thoroughly showy ornamental plant. It was received at Kew under the name of Malva fragrans, a species which is now placed under Malvastrum, and which is totally distinct from M. calycinum, Tachiadenus carinatus is a handsome Genlianwort, originally introduced into this country from Madagascar by the Rev. Mr. Ellis, to whom our gardens were first indebted for so many rare and curious plants, amongst which may be mentioned the two species of Lattice-leaf, Ouvirandra, and that wonderful Orchid Angrrecum sesquipedale. Tachia- denus "carinatus was, however, probably soon lost to cultivation, and the credit of its reintroduction is due to Messrs. Vkitch. It has beautiful rich purple flowers of considerable size, and is well worth a place in the most select collection of warm-house plants. It is now in flower at Kew. The Weather.— General remarks on the temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the week ending July 16, issued by the Meteorological Ofiice, London : — The weather has been generally cloudy and cold. Severe thunderstorms have been experienced in almost all districts, and in several instances the accompanying rainfall has been very heavy. The temperature has been below the mean in all parts of the kingdom, the deficit over Ireland and in most of the English districts being as much as 4° or 5°, and in Scotland and the north of England 2° or 3°. The maxima, which were recorded during the earlier days of the period, varied from 71° to 72" over the greater part of England, but elsewhere they were no higher than from 66° to 6S°. The minima were generally registered on the 15th or i6lh, and were unusually low for the season. In the "Midland Counties " and in the east of Scotland the thermo- meter fell to 39°, in " England, S.," to 40°, and in most other districts to 41°, 42°, or 43°. The rainfall has been a trifle less than the mean in " Scotland, E.,"and "England, N.W.," and about its normal value over central and north-eastern England, but elsewhere a decided excess is reported. Bright sun- shine, which has been more equally distributed than of late, has varied from 43 per cent, of the possible duration in "England, N.W.," and 39 per cent, in "Scotland, W.," to 30 per cent, in the "Midland Counties" and " Ireland, N." Depressions observed : — Barometric pressure has again been comparatively high and steady over the southern parts of our area, while over our islands, Denmark, and Scandinavia depressions— generally small and ill-defined — have followed each other in quick succession. The winds most prevalent during the first part of the period were between S. and W. in direction and moderate to fresh in force, but on the 13th a fresh westerly or north-westerly breeze had appeared on our northern coasts, and subsequently became general in all dis- tricts. Gardening Appointments.— Mr. J. Mur- DOCK, lately Gardener at The Heys, Leek Wooton, Warwick, as Gardener to A. PI. Welch Thorn- ton, Esq., Beaurepaire Park, Bishopstoke, Hants. Mr. Murdock was Gardener at The Heys for over ten years, and on leaving, in consequence of a change of proprietorship, was presented with a handsomely bound volume of Chisholm's The Hemispheres'^^ the members of the Leek Wooton Reading Room. — Mr. J. Cleare, lately Foreman at Stoke Rochford, as Gardener to Lord Sudeley, Toddington, Gloucester- shire, 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [July 21, 1883. PLANTS IN FLOWER. Epipactis rubiginosa. — This is a very pretty Orchid, native of the United States, and is now flowering very freely in a damp peat bed in association with E. gigantea, E. multiflora, and other hardy Orchids. The following description, taken from a nice tuft, will serve to identify the plant :— Leaves at the base ovate or ovate-oblong, the upper ones more or less lanceolate, closely resembling those of Cypri- pedium parviflorum. Flower-stems from 9—12 inches high, racemose, with from six to twelve flowers; bracts from i — i^ inch long, lanceolate ; pedicels shorter than the ovary, and like the latter dark brown, and covered with small glandular hairs ; sepals 6—8 lines long, i\—2 lines wide, ovate-lan- ceolate, brownish-purple ; petals rather shorter, ovate- oblong, white, tinged with purple ; labellum horizontal, scoop-like, longer than the sepals, 3-lobed, the termi- nal one much the largest, subcordate, copiously undulate or fringed, white with a central yellow blotch ; the lower part of the lip white, veined with purple. This is certainly one of the numerous Orchids amenable to cultivation without any pro- tection, and a most interesting and pretty one it is. Shade and moisture in a compost of peat, leaf-soil, and sand are its chief requirements. T. Alstromeria aurea. — This is one of a very numerous genus, and it is quite hardy. Several others will stand in sheltered spots, but this will thrive in exposed as well as favoured situations. Many tufts are now crowded with flowers quite exposed to wind [and sunshine. It is an extremely pretty plant, with rich emerald-green foliage, and large cymose heads of deep orange-brown flowers 8 — 9 inches across, with deeper coloured veining. Most serviceable are these flower-heads for decorative pur- poses, as the individual flowers are erect and upon stiff pedicels, and there is ample space between the flowers for the introduction of other flowers or small ^Fern fronds, when they are very charming. The majority of gardeners, whose utmost exertions are frequently over-taxed in finding a sufficient quantity and variety of flowers for cutting, are not even aware of the existence of this and a host of other plants invaluble for the purpose. T. Campanula Portenschlagiana.— A very pretty dwarf tufted species, with acutely lobed leaves, and short-stalked flowers, produced in such profusion as almost to hide the greenery ; the flowers are com- paratively large for such a small-growing plant, more open than those of the pusilla series, of a pleasing blue. In my opinion it is one of the best of the dwarf bell-flowers, either for the rockery or warm border. It is readily increased by division or cut- tings. T. Campanula pulla is another little gem with very dwarf leaves and slender flower-stalks, from 2 — 4 inches high, bearing solitary drooping bell-shaped flowers of a deep rich purple colour, but in the coloration it varies materially, as I have seen every shade from deep purple to pale blue, and botanical authors tell us there is a pure white variety ; indeed, we are in possession of a plant sent us as pulla alba, from the Tyrol, but which has not grati- fied us with even one flower this season, so with the patience of a parent one must await full development ; it is worth something to see the plant look happy. T, Campanula Rainerl — This is by no means a common species. A friend of mine the other day inquired if I would like a " clump " of Campanula Raineri. Of course I would. But after the trouble incident thereto it was nothing more than C. turbi- nata ; and I am sorry to say that the latter is generally sold for C. Raineri, which is, how- ever, very diff'erent. Although in the flower bearing a striking resemblance to the flower of C. turbinata, it is much dwarfer, and not nearly so free-growing ; the leaves are much smaller, and very different in form ; the flower-stems are much shorter, and bear leaves quite up to the flower — in fact, clothed with small tomentose leaves, while in C. turbinata the flower- stalk is nearly naked, having only two or three small leaves upon it. The form of flower differs slightly, and is much larger in proportion to the sizes of the two plants. A very curious fact about the two is that while slugs devour most greedily C. Raineri, they leave untouched a plant of C. turbinata close to it. The subject of this note is very rare, and requires a well-drained position upon the rockery in light, rich, porous soil, where it will not fail to establish itself. T, Asteriscus maritimus. — This is not quite hardy, coming as it does from the South of Spain ; but it should be treated as a hardy plant through the summer, and I mention it because it is particularly showy upon the rockery from the present time onwards; my plants are just becoming covered with flowers. It has a spreading habit, producing a mul- titude of axillary capitula, 2 inches or more across, both the ray and disc florets bright yellow ; the rays being even and spreading, the flower has a very circular outline, and is very serviceable in a cut state, lasting a long time. As well as being very useful for the rockery, this plant will make an excellent ground- work for beds in a warm, dry position, as it is evident it enjoys such a place. Cuttings taken in early autumn root freely in a cold frame, and the young growth of spring will root even more freely if placed in gentle warmth. T. SCABIOSA GRAMINIFOLIA. — This is a very pretty and scarce Scabious, with narrow silvery foliage, and numerous lavender-blue capitula on peduncles about 9 inches or rather more high. Of tufted growth, the foliage is extremely pretty, especially in combination with the soft tint of the flower heads. I have now a large plant, quite 18 inches through, and it is, and will be for some time, very pretty. A more robust species is S. caucasica, with larger leaves, and flower- heads 3 or 4 inches in diameter, of a brighter blue than the last, and very durable. This is one of my greatest favourites either for the border or rockery, while it is so very nice for cutting. It is easily raised from seed, procurable from Mr. W. Thompson, of Ipswich. T. SciLLA MARITIMA, or as some prefer to call it, Urginea maritima, is now in flower in the cool division of the economic-house at Kew. It is not a particularly showy species, but is of some commercial importance, its large bulbs being known in medicine as squills. Quantities of the dried bulbs are im- ported into this country from Malta and other places in the Mediterranean region. In medicine these are used as a diuretic in certain forms of dropsy, and also as an expectorant in coughs. Fresh squills are very acrid, causing irritation, and even vesication of the skin — in very large doses the principle acts as an acrid poison. MiRABiLis MULTIFLORUS. — This very fine her- baceous plant was raised from Californian seeds by that successful introducer of new and rare outdoor garden plants, Mr. W. Thompson, of Ipswich. It forms a compact bush about iS inches high, has dark green leaves, and handsome bright purple flowers. In the Botany of California this same plant, figured in the Botanical Magazine^ t. 6266, is referred as a doubtful form to M. multiflorus var. pubescens, but differing from that in being more glandular pubescent, and also in the form of the leaves and fruit. In Cali- fornia the flowers of M. multiflorus remain open from 4 o'clock in the afternoon until 9 o'clock in the morning. Now in flower in the herbaceous depart- ment at Kew. CEnothera YOUNGII. — Most CEnotheras are either rather tender, or shortlived, or lose themselves by con- tinually running away from the spot in which they are planted. These characters make the genus trouble- some to cultivate. There are, however, two or three exceptions. The species known as CE. Fraseri or CE. fruticosa — names which aregenerally used indifferently, whether rightly or not — is so hardy and healthy that it will bear any amount of rough usage, submitting to be chopped in pieces with a spade, and flowering freely in any soil or situation. OE. Youngii is a far superior plant to it, and though not quite so easy to increase, may be multiplied sufficiently for any garden by careful division of the roots. The flowers are larger, brighter in colour and more freely produced ; the stalks are slenderer and bright red ; and the plant has less tendency to become coarse, seldom exceeding 2 feet in height. Being so similar to Qi. fruticosa, it makes that plant superfluous in my garden ; but considering differences of soil and climate, I wish no one to take my advice on these matters without grow- jng the plants to be compared side by side, and iudging for themselves. Another little CEnothera, of the easiest cultivation, producing abundance of little yellow flowers through the summer, and seldom exceeding I foot in height, is CE, pumila. It may be cut to pieces as freely as CE. fruticosa, and seems to like the treatment. C. Wolley Dod, Llandudno, CEnothera Fraseri. — The note on CE. spe- ciosa by " T.," at p. 40, suggested to me that this species is worthy of at least equal praise, and ought to be grown in every collection of herbaceous plants. They are both natives of North America, and there- fore quite hardy. We had large masses of it in our garden at Loxford Hall, but owing to the plants being moved during the very cold weather we had last March, some are dead, and the rest are rather weakly. It likes deep rich light soil, in whch it will 'grow 2 feet jhigh, and produce its deep yellow flowers in great masses. I fancy this is the hardiest of all of them. One of the showiest plants in out border at present is the red-coloured form of Achillea millefolium. It grows very freely in any soil, but favours a deep rich loam, where the deep green finely divided leaves set off the umbels of bright red flowers to the best advantage. It continues in flower from May until quite late in the season. Arnebia echioides has made very good growth, and is flowering freely this year. I fancy this plant does not stand well out- of-doors during the winter. It is described in one book on herbaceous plants as being "a handsome border plant, not easy to keep." I lift the plants in the autumn, pot them, and protect them in cold frames for the winter, and plant out again in the spring. There is no difficulty in keeping it, or to grow it well in this way ; but when grown under glass greenfly attacks it and speedily cripples the plants. J, Douglas. LiNARiA cymbalaria MAJOR. — This is much superior to the normal form, but, like it, is one of the easiest plants to grow, and is excellent to cover old walls, or to trail over masses of rock. It is also a good pot-plant, and is now flowering freely with us. L. ALPINA is also very pretty. It is a small-grow- ing plant with purple flowers, marked with red on the lip. It is well adapted for rockwork, and is peren- nial, but flowers freely the first year from seeds, J, Douglas. MR. SCHNEIDER'S ORCHIDS. In the cultivation of Orchids, more than most things, it often happens that beginners pay for their learning by more or less of the plants they attempt to cultivate failing to grow so well at first as when longer acquaintance with them has been acquired. But there are exceptions, of which the nice collection of these plants formed recently by Mr. Oscar Schneider is an example. Some four years have elapsed since a beginning was made ; the plants now fill four medium-sized houses, and are altogether in excellent condition. It is well to mention here that the right course was taken at the commencement by the erection of houses of the right description, afford- ing plenty of light alike by their construction and the equally important matter of position, by their being away from any objects which inferfere with the light, such as trees and other buildings, the baneful influence of which near plant-houses can never be too often urged. It is needless to say that Orchids are not likely to be well grown, even in the best adapted houses, without skill and attention, but suitable structures are half the battle, for all the know- ledge and care it is possible to give the plants in dark, indifferent houses will never give results approaching those which are attainable where the places in which they are located are equal to their wants. The collec- tion here is strongest in the intermediate and the cool sections of the family ; much the greater portion have been acquired as imported, and no better evidence need be forthcoming of what can be done in a short time with imported plants than is afforded by the quantities of Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Odontoglos- sums, and others, especially the first-named, which are pictures of healthy vigour, forming masses of roots that lay hold of the potting material like Brassavolas, the bulbs and leaves as stout and thick as if growing in their native country, and, as a matter of course, flowering proportionately. Amongst a number of plants of that most variable of Cattleyas, C. Mendeli, in bloom, was a beautifuljdelicate coloured variety, in which the large orange blotch on the lip was combined with the faintest suffusion of purple, setting off the broad, pure white sepals and petals to advantage. Of C.Trianje there are many excellent examples, some of which, only imported twelve months, are as strong and fully established as if they had been as many years in the country ; C. exoniensis, C. July 21, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 85 Schilleriana, C. Wallisii, C. Eldorado splendens, C. Warneri, C. MossIk, C. bulbosa, C. Warsce- wisczi, C. Dayana, and most of the popular species, many of which were in bloom. Especial note must be made of C. superbiens, a plant which many find a difiicuUy either in getting to grow at all, or, if it succeeds for a time, having a disagreeable habit of getting out of condition. There are several examples here, four years imported, during which time they have gone on increasing in strength until the bulbs have attained a thickness almost equalling those of stout examples of C. Skinneri. They are grown in baskets suspended over the path, close to the roof, on the south side of a span-roofed house, standing ends east and west. Nothing could surpass the healthy condition they are in, with every promise of retain- ing their vigour. They flower twice a year. Mr. Holmes, the gardener here, may well be congratu- lated on his success with this charming but ticklish species. In Dendrobiums, which thrive beautifully, were a couple of plants of D. Falconeri, only imported last year, and yet as full of flowers as this lovely and distinct species is often met with where it has been a number of years in the country. Amongst quantities of plants of the various genera that bloom about this time was the scarce Oncidium phymatochilum, and the distinct-looking Cyrtochilum stellatum, with its star-shaped straw- coloured flowers, possibly more remarkable for the few who succeed in blooming it than for the individual beauty of the flowers, which, although pretty, are not equal to many Orchids ; but it may be looked upon as no bad test plant, as, where found to bloom regularly, it is where the general treatment is such that a continued healthy existence of those associated with it may be reckoned on. Another species that does not succeed with every one, Brassavola Digbyana, is in fine health, a moderate-sized specimen having three very strong scapes. Here, too, is the Dove- plant, Peristeria elata, with seven spikes ; this also requires plenty of light and enough air for a time daily during the growing season to dry the atmosphere of the house fairly, for although it may be grown so that the bulbs get as large as big Turnips, still, if it is at all coddled with a continuously over-moist atmosphere whilst growing all the drying and pinching possible will not cause it to bloom. Cypripediums thrive well, having clean stout healthy foliage indicative of the ability the plants possess to flower freely. The collection includes most of the best species and also varieties, of which this fashion- able family now number so many. There is likewise a nice lot of Odontoglots which also give evidence of their liking the treatment to which they are sub- jected. Many of the spring-flowering species were in bloom ; among these may be named O. crispum, O. Pescatorei, O. triumphans, and O. radiatum. Masdevallias include the best species and varieties of the handsome as well as the curious flowered section. Amongst Lslias, which in common with the rest give unmistakable signs of their excellent condition, may be n4med L. anceps, which forms bulbs of the right description — stout and thick. Orchids, like other plants, do the best where those collectively interested are fond of them, and take a real interest in their wellbeing ; it is evident that here both employer and gardener conjointly are actuated by this feeling, the result of which is to be seen in the excellent condition of the collection. B. FRUIT NOTES. James Veitch Strawberry at Birdhill. — This is an excellent time to arrive at a concensus of opinion as to the largest and best Strawberry for general purposes. There are many large collections in this locality, and with most of them for miles around I am acquainted. Making every allowance for difference of aspect, culture, soil, and general method of treatment, for the general garden crop this Strawberry I conclude to be one of the largest, if not the largest, heaviest cropper, and among the best flavoured, and in this respect superior to President, Marguerite, and Vicemtesse Hericart de Thury. Mr. Laxton's I have not yet seen. I have weighed nine, taken promiscuously in Mr. Cough's garden at Birdhill, near this town, and they have turned the scale at I lb. I am sure I might have found heavier. W. 7. Murfhy, Clonmel. Pear Doyenn£ de Ramegnies.— The Bulhtiit d' Arboriculture publishes a coloured figure of this Pear, which was raised by M. Norbert Bouzin, of Ramegnies- Chin lez Tournai. The fruit is sym- metrically Fear-shaped, with a short stalk j skin olive-brown, russetty; flesh fine, buttery, vinous. October and November, j4o/v1E j!^ORREgPOJMDEI^CE. Sander's Orchid-Pan. — The Orchid pan, for suspending, has been a great favourite ever since its miroduclion, as by using it dwarf plants, which cannot be grown on blocks, can readily be brought near to the glass and yet receive the requsite amount of moisture which could not be retained by them were they grown on blocks. But two objections have been repeatedly urged against the Orchid pan — the first and most important being that the three wires for suspending, which were at- tached to the rim of the pan, brought together at the top and turned over to form the hook for suspending, were always in the way, and that wherever tender leaves touched them (and it was impossible to prevent their doing so) they were injured ; the second objec- tion was that freely imbibing Orchids in the growing season got dry too soon. To remedy both these defects Mr. F. Sander has devised a new kind of hanger which is extensively used in his large Orchid- Fic. 15. — Sander's orchid-pan. houses at St. Albans, and of which we herewith give an illustration (fig. 15). The hanger is composed of a single rod with a hook at the top and with a disc of zinc the size of the bottom of the pan at the other end ! the rod is passed through the hole in the bottom of the pan, which slides down it and rests firmly on the zinc disc, as on a round table. The disc is concave on the upper side and convex on the lower, so that it retains water under the Orchid pan as it were in a shallow saucer. This is of great service in hot weather, and when such an arrangement is not desirable the insertion of a small piece of crock between the disc and the pan allows the water to pass off in the usual way. In Sander's Orchid-hanger it will be seen there is but one rod, and that being in the middle of the pan it is useful as a stake to fasten anything to which might require it, and as the plants always have a tendency to hang over the side of the pan such a position is the only one in which it could be placed to be out of the way. It is very cheap, we understand, which is another thing in its favour. We have for our illustration pushed the rod down to separate the disc from the bottom of the pan. Boxes for Sending Plants by Post.— This is becoming a more important subject than ever to gar- deners. Country postmasters have been directed to inquire of those whose correspondence is extensive what use they are likely to make of the parcel post. My reply, when asked, was, that it depended upon the way in which the post used my parcels. My past experience of sending plants by post has been any- thing but favourable, but for some reason boxes posted abroad generally arrive in a far better condition than similar boxes posted in England ; and if I have an offer of any choice little plants I generally beg they may be sent by railway, preferring to pay the carriage to risking their being smashed. No box which I know is proof against the terrible ordeal involved in delivering the letter-bags whilst the train is running. Tin boxes come quite flattened ; paper boxes, made in Liverpool expressly for the purpose, are often broken ; and cylindrical chip boxes, bound with tin hoops, arrive in two compartments, split across the middle. I do not say that it is always so, but the proportion is large enough to be very annoying. Miniature hampers succeed best, and are light, and their contents may either be wrapped in oiled paper or packed in damp sphagnum, of which the wet will not come through the wicker-work. If these hampers could be made as cheap as boxes of wood or paper they would no doubt be more generally used. But with a little care in arrangement, and if enclosed in air-proof material, plants travel well by post without any box at all. I had several packets of Eritrichium and choice kinds of Androsace sent in letters of ordi- nary size from the Alps last autumn, many of which are now flourishing, and include some of the finest pieces of A. glacialis I ever saw in cultivation. Mr. Harpur-Crewe sent me others in the same way from the Pyrenees, which are doing equally well. As a contrast to this I have had plants sent less than 100 miles, which have arrived as dry and as dead as hay for want of some air-proof cover, whilst others have been burnt to charcoal by being packed in wet grass which has fermented, instead of damp moss, which never ferments in quantities small or large. I certainly shall do all I can to encourage railway company plant carriage in preference to postal, until I find that more care is taken of packets sent by post than is done at present — at least, by English post- ofEce authorites. C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, July 14. Hardy Orchids.— I am glad to observe that hardy Orchids are attracting some little attention, and Mr. Webster is doing good service in bringing them under the notice of your readers. A few years ago I began to cultivate these, commencing with Orchis foliosa, the handsomest of the tribe. Two clumps of three crowns each were purchased and planted in a partially shaded and moist bed specially made up with a con- siderable admixture of peat and leaf-mould. Now they are handsome clumps, each with twenty spikes. This species delights in a deep moist loamy soil. In the same bed there were planted upwards of two dozen other sorts, principally Ophrys, Orchis, and Serapias, purchased last summer from a grower in Italy. The number of tubers received of some of the species was considerable, two dozen in several instances. One half the larger lots were planted in a comparatively dry bed, containing a large proportion of peat, the ordinary soil of the garden being a light loam— the other half, together with all the smaller lots, being planted in the moist bed. The result has been that in the dry bed, nearly every tuber grew and flowered well, but the moist bed was almost a total failure. Among these, however, there were none of our common strong growing sorts, such as Orchis maculata, O. mascula, O. bifolia, &c., which will thrive in almost any soil. I give the result of my experience for the benefit of any one who may wish to cultivate this class of plants, and I shall be glad to give the name of the grower in Italy of whom they can be purchased at a moderate price to any one who desires it. So far as I know only a few of the sorts can be obtained in this country. P. Neill Fraser, Murrayfield, Ediiilmrgh. The Potato Disease.— Mr. Horsefield is, without purposing so to be, an amusing correspondent. He first sounds an alarm with respect to the possible ap- pearance of the Potato disease, quotes fulIyMr. Jensen's proposals for the protection of the Potato crops from disease ; and having done so, as he stales, for the benefit of new readers, boldly declares that he does not believe in that which he has so carefully reproduced for the benefit of others. But he bases his scepticism of the value of protective earthing, not upon any fair test of its merits, for no test has yet been offered, but simply upon the fact, that seeing what he takes to be the disease in the American Beauty of Hebron, gives the plants protective earthing, and finds no benefit. But is it really the Potato disease from which his Beauty of Hebron is suffering ? It appears to be the case that this early American kind is almost everywhere suffer- ing this year from the same affection which some few years since was found in another American kind, and of the same family as the Early Rose. This affection is seen in stunted growth, speckled, rusty-looking leafage, and presently its final disappearance. It ii 86 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. noteworthy that this affection is not contagious, for whilst plants here and there have died away, the others have grown and remain healthy as ever. It is doubtless remembered that considerable discus- sion arose over the nature of this form of disease at that time — if disease it be— and it was called by some a new disease ; by others it was attri- buted to the effects of the Peronospora spores that had lain dormant in the seed tubers. Others yet again attributed it to the eating of the stems by grubs and wireworms ; and, still further, it was attributed to injury from cold whilst the shoots were yet in a tender condition. What seems most probable is that the family of American Potatos to which the Hebron and the Rose belong is a peculiarly tender one, though I may add that I have found in a lesser degree similar features in the Queen of the Valley, an allied variety, also this year. The spring was not at all a warm one, or favourable to Potato growth ; indeed, though the tops now, as a rule, look so robust and healthy, the tubers were very late in starting, and as the early winter was mild, and promoted spindling on all these precocious American sorts, no doubt the shoots which started after planting were weaker and tenderer than usual on many sets ; and hence, what with the cold- ness of the ground, and the check to growth found in the low temperature of the air, these early tender Potatos suffered so far as to render them incapable of development, and they have died. That the ordinary disease has nothing to do with the aiBiction seems evident from the fact that the seed sets have been found to be quite firm and sound. Whenever the fatal black spot is seen on the foliage we shall be assured that the real disease is at hand, and that will not take one and leave one, but will soon make a clean sweep of every plant. A, D. Herbert's "Amaryllidacese." — In the Gardeners' Chronicle of July 7, under the title of "Botanical Meetings," it is mentioned that at a meeting of the Lancashire Association of Botanists, held at our Free Reference Library, attention was especially called to the above well-known and valuable work as having been " recently acquired at the suggestion of one of our number." Please let me mention that more than two years ago, surprised at the work being absent from the chief library of the Dean's adopted city I personally called the attention of the authorities to the subject ; also that, in November last, as the work had not then been procured, I inserted in the Mati- Chester City News an enquiry as to where I could see the book, and especially alluded to its absence from the Athenreum and the Free Reference Libraries — both of which would, one might suppose, have long possessed it. When but a lad I read of the work in Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine, and for (eheii fugaces!) forty years have longed to see it, H. B. Biden, Sale, Cheshire* Herbaceous Garden at Kew. — This garden would benefit by more intercourse with the herbarium department, where the correctness of the names given to specimens is above suspicion, though this is far from being the case in the growing specimens. In fact they label things with the name under which they receive them. Could not this be remedied ? Culti- vator* Yellow Corn Kale, or Mild Mustard. — I cannot very well tell with how much labour I tried to extir- pate this weed in green and grain crops, gardens, and wherever it appeared. There are two varieties here — one with rough foliage and firm tap-root, that takes some trouble to hand-pull. The name in the ver- nacular (Irish) is Preihaughwe, and there is a firm conviction in the minds of many farmers and gar- deners that the seed will remain in the ground for ages, and when exposed to the air at once, winter or summer, vegetates " right off." Would some of your readers who may have thought over the matter kindly say if this is so ? Others maintain that winds or birds distribute it. It would save much trouble and expense, too, if any one could suggest a less troublesome or expensive remedy than hand-pulling. I have seen parties in corn fields lop off the head when nearly ripe with sickles, W. J. Murphy, Seedling Figs.— A correspondent ("W.") of the Gardeners' Chronicle sent some seedlings of the common Fig to the Editor, who forwarded them to me, together with the following note : — " I have read Mr. W. B. Hemsley's notes, &c., on the Fig, at p. 22. With regard to seedling Figs perhaps I may be allowed to mention that I am not unfamiliar with them, at least of one variety — the White Mar- seilles. I enclose you a few specimens. They are very small, and escaped the fingers of the gar- den boy, who, unfortunately, weeded the border where some hundreds were growing of much larger size. I have no doubt this crop of seedling Figs sprang from the contents of a dry earth closet which was applied to the border, under glass, as a top-dressing. Has Mr. Hemsley examined any second- crop fruit of the White Marseilles for fertile seeds ? When grown under glass, the second or autumn crop of fruit rarely drops, and being grown and matured under the influence of more light and heat, the deve- lopment of the fruit may be more perfect." The plantlets sent are, it would seem, undoubtedly seed- lings of the common Fig ; but their earth closet origin does not prove that they proceeded from Figs of English growth, yet I suppose, from his communica- tion, that "W." is of opinion that they did. Of course nothing short of a direct experiment would be conclusive I have not had an opportunity of examin- ing any of the second-crop fruit of the White Mar- seilles variety. There are two or three questions to answer, namely — Are perfect male and female flowers found in the same fruit (receptacle) of any variety of the edible Fig ? Do English-grown Figs produce seeds capable of germination ? If so, are the embryos the result of sexual fecundation, or are they adventi- tious ? The presence of perfect male flowers is not in itself sufficient to answer the last question. If it be true that when male and female flowers are present in the same receptacle they are not functionally active at the same time, and that the females have passed the receptive condition before the males are fully deve- loped, then it would be necessary for fertilisation that some agent should convey the pollen from one recep- tacle to another. W. B. Hemsley, The Bracken (Pteris aquilina). — This beauti- ful native Fern is so well known that it may seem unnecessary to call the attention of your readers to its merits, but that is not by any means the case, as but very few are aware of its great value as a decorative plant for the embellishment of the flower garden and pleasure grounds. Having recently had the pleasure of looking through the gardens at Munstead Park, near Godalming, the residence of Mrs. Jekyll, I was delighted with the effect produced by the aid of this Fern in the grounds there. Here " feathery Brackens fringe the rocks." Yes, and the beds and paths too ; fine breadths of it interspersed with stately groups of Mullein and white Foxgloves, large bushes of Sweet Brier, now covered with blossom ; groups and single specimens of the Birch and Scotch Fir, single and double Furze, masses of Poppy, of red Foxglove, Alstromeria, Lilies, Scotch Roses, and Delphiniums of every shade of the most dazzling blue and purple. These are principally the materials used to produce garden scenery of surpassing beauty — materials that are within the reach of almost all who have a garden to beautify. But what struck me most particularly in these gardens was the very clever but apparently simple manner in which commonplace things are employed, with such fine effect, to show up and heighten the beauty of the natural features of the place, especially the liberal manner in which the Bracken is used, and the prominent position it holds as a decorative plant — a, position as here demon- strated, it so richly deserves. H, H. Thrum-eyed Primroses.— If I am right, that it is an accepted theory that thrum-eyed Primroses and Polyanthuses, especially the old blue Polyanthus, do not bear seed, I can testify to the contrary, as I have seedlings germinating from seeds of the old blue Polyanthus as well as from other thrum-eyed Polyanthuses and Primroses. Max Leichtlin, Baden- Baden. [The theory — fact rather — is, not that thrum- eyed flowers do not bear seed, but that on the average they do not produce so many or such good seedlings in the long run. Ed.J Free Trade or Fair Trade. — I beg to send you a Dutch bulb catalogue, with a notice from the grower offering gentlemen's gardeners a bribe of 20 per cent, on all accounts of £,10 and upwards, &c., goods carriage-paid. The said catalogue was sent to a gentleman's gardener in this neighbourhood and handed to me. J. C. [Comment on the morality of this system of trading is superfluous. Ed.] Grape Growing at Clovenfords. — The Vines at the Tweed Vineyard are again in splendid condition, the various houses containing very fine and remarkably even crops of fruit. The long corridor devoted to the (much abused by some) Duke of Buccleuch is simply perlection, the bunches being of good size, and the berries very large. In all the other houses the crops are equally fine. Mr. Thompson at one time grew soft- wooded plants largely, but the houses that were used for 'that purpose are now devoted to the culture of Orchids, and well they are grown. Vandas, Acrides, and Saccolabiums are growing luxuriously, Cattleyas and Lcelias also ; the cool Orchids, especially Odonto- glossums and Masdevallias, are all well cared for. Noticeable also in one of the houses is a fine plant of Anthurium Scherzerianum Knightii, very bright in colour, with enormous spathes. This is one of the finest varieties I have ever seen. Should any one be near Clovenfords let me advise him to visit this well kept establishment, and I am sure he will be more than gratified with his visit. A. O. I lapts' Il0ui4r». Herbaceous Calceolarias. — Generally speak- ing, seeds of herbaceous Calceolarias are sown in July, but some growers, and they not among the least successful, say, sow in June : the main reason assigned being that a sowing made in this month pro- duces the quickest, strongest, and most robust plants. That is undoubtedly a very satisfactory reason indeed. Calceolaria seeds germinate quickly, and to a very great extent simultaneously, that is, presuming the seed to be new and good. Sowing is a simple process — clean well drained pans or pots, a good free, rich, firm, and yet porous soil, used sufliciently moist as not to require water — the seeds distributed evenly and thinly, for the grains are exceedingly minute ; and when this is done they should be covered with a mere dusting of fine earth. Then, when placed in a cool place with a pane of glass over each, and shaded if necessary, the seedlings will begin to appear through the ground in nine or ten days. A successful grower of the Calceolaria stated that he prefers the moist shady part of a vinery, as the position for the seed pots. Beyond this point cultural directions are scarcely necessary; for it is a topic touched upon by most writers on floriculture. This, however, can be stated with much truth — the seedling Calceolarias are far too much coddled and drawn in a young state, and then the plants become weakly, and very often do not get back to a vigorous state again. One authority on the culti- vation of the Calceolaria puts forth a timely caution to growers when the plants are ready for their first trans- planting from the seed-pots— " There is a singular fact about Calceolarias at this stage of their growth that is well worth bearing in mind. With many objects it is a safe rule to use the robust seedlings and throw the weakly ones away. That practice will not do in the case of Calceolarias, or some of the most charming colours that can grace the conservatory or greenhouse will be lost. The strongest seedlings generally produce flowers in which yellow largely preponderates. This can easily be verified if the plants are kept under separate numbers. But it must not be inferred that because the remainder are some- what weaker at the outset that ultimately they will not make robust plants. It is our practice to prick off from each pan about three times, and to do this with the shortest possible intervals." It is during autumn and winter that the cultivator of the Calceolaria finds some difficulty in managing the plants ; many have to grow their plants in a crowded house mingled with other subjects, and they are rarely satisfied with the result. It is not to be wondered at. If they have to be wintered in a house containing other plants it is best to give them one end of it, and that end where they will obtain plenty of light both at the top and sides. If severe frost threatens care must be taken that the plants are properly protected from harm. There is no doubt that Calceolarias are best wintered in a frame, where plenty of air can be given in mild moist weather, and fire-heat applied when it is wet, cold, and frosty. In such a position the plants can be fumigated readily and with ease, which is a great advantage. If the plants can be brought safely through the winter the after cultural requirements are straightforward enough. And now the question arises — Have we made any substantial advance with the herbaceous Calceolaria during the past ten years ? On the whole there is no doubt that some appreciable gain has resulted, though it is not so marked and so decided in character as it was in the previous ten years. It must needs be so with popular flowers that have reached a certain degree of development ; after that the progress made is much more gradual. When in Reading in May last I inspected a batch of herbaceous Calceolarias at the Portland Road Nurseries of Messrs. Sutton & Sons. The plants filled a large house, and they had been raised from seed taken from carefully fertilised flowers of the previous year. Altogether there were about 200 specimens growing in 6, 10, and 12-inch pots, all of the most robust habit of growth ; the largest plants nearly a yard through, with just a few slight stakes to support them here and there. There was no attempt at tying out as for exhibition purposes, a natural spreading, yet erect habit was July ar, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 87 perceptible in all. A close examination of these plants showed that they could be arranged in three divisions : — 1st, those having erect trusses of blooms, that is, the flowers standing out in a horizontal position ; 2d, those with drooping [lowers, the trusses of being scarcely so symmetrical in appearance as the first division ; and thirdly, a division with a distinct and pleasing brnnching habit, the plants broad at the base, sending forth strong shoots laden with fine trusses of flowers. The flowers on this batch were mainly self- coloured — crimson, pink, yellow, mnroon, bronze, creamy-white, brown, amber, magenta, &c. Self- coloured Calceolarias of deep hues of colour are generally fine and striking. Many of the flowers were two-coloured or parti-coloured, and they varied in the spot ; some were large, others like small punctures of colour, and many were marbled and laced in natural patterns hard to describe. Even some of the prevail- ing fashionable colours in dress were found in these Calceolarias ; there was the strawberry-squash in a lively and attractive form. We have no doubt there is greater density and endurance in many of the colours, and this is being attained, and can be more largely secured by careful fertilisation. The seeds of these plants were sown in June and July of last year, raised in an old spent hotbed, and pricked off as soon as large enough on four consecutive occasions. This is a necessary process, as the plants of strongest constitution, such as brown and yellow, will be in the van of rapid growth, and can be grown on for early blooming ; the second and third batches will be of slower growth and choicer quality, deserv- ing, and they should have, extra attention. As a rule, the later plants do not grow vigorously until the new year, when they dash ahead if carefully grown, bui bloom later than the first batch. One sometimes sees Calceolarias in such a poor condition that it must be the result both of bad man- agement and unsuitable soil. In cultivating this flower, good drainage, sweet fibrous loam and leaf- soil, with the addition of sand, are indispensable. A successful grower has stated that manure is not needed n the fyoung stage of growth, and is best employed in ia liquid state to established specimen plants. Over-potting must be avoided as much as neglect in potting soon enough, and over-crowding should never occur. It is much better to have a few well grown plants than a large number of ill-conditioned ones. Fumigation should always be done when the plants are making their growth, as it is then aphis do so much mischief. And at the last potting more loam should be used than in the earlier stages of growth, and the soil should be pressed more firmly about the plants, taking care to leave space enough for top- dressing. As soon as the flower-buds appear it is a good plan to thin out the crowded leaves so that air and smoke at the time of ventilating can penetrate the entire plant ; the plants should be kept as cool as the season will allow, giving air on all necessary occasions, in winter opening the lights on the side oppo- site to that from which the wind may be blowing. Drip from the roof of house or pit must be avoided, hot sunshine and cold draughts of air are also in- jurious. Slugs do much damage at times, and in common with other noxious vermin should be hunted out and destroyed. More than thirty years ago Mr. Henry Major, a noted grower of Calceolarias in his day, wrote as fol- lows : — "I know no family of plants in which so many distinct varieties may be produced without per- plexity or confusion, nor one in which so many decided improvements have been made as regards form, markings, and richness of colour. And still much remains to be done ; and I think we ought to be particularly careful, while we aim at perfection, not to discard for some trifling defect new, rich, and distinct varieties until decidedly better flowers in the same class are produced. Up to the present time attention to form has prevailed almost to the exclusion of beauty and richness of colour in the markings. Form is undoubtedly a great desideratum, but beauty and richness of colour are, in my opinion, at least its equals, and neither should prevail to the total exclusion of the other." But in these days, when it is the fashion in some quarters to ridicule the florist as a narrow-minded, prejudiced, Old World animal, there is much reason to fear everything is put before form ; and in this respect Calceolaria raisers are degenerating. Having secured so much let the quality of form be once more insisted upon, and so get rid of many of the flat, flabby, and flimsy flowers that so greatly disfigure some of the collections in these days of advancement. R. D. The Cineraria. — Nearly everybody admires the large masses of Cinerarias to be seen at our exhibi- tions, and also in our greenhouses early in the year, and those who are anxious to possess well-grown plants should sec to them during the summer and autumn. The plants exhibited by Mr. James, of Farnham Royal, and which were the subjects of so much admiration, were obtained from seeds sown in July. I like to sow the seeds earlier than this. To obtain good plants in S-inch pots, we sow our first lot in April. The seeds sown in July will produce plants to flower in 6-inch pots, and these are large enough and early enough for some purposes. In most large gardens a succession of flowers is more important than a blaze of beauty for a limited period. We have Cinerarias in flower from the first week in the new year until the end of May ; and we manage in this way : — The first batch of seedlings sown in April are grown in two ways. One portion of the plants are allowed to flower in 6-inch pots, and are not stopped ; these, of course, flower earliest. Another set are potted on into S-inch pots, and are stopped when the flower-stem has grown a few inches. Yet another sowing is made about the end of June, or early in July. The named varieties must, of course, be propagated by dividing the plants, or by offsets from the roots. In many places the pressure of work is over for the season, and time can be spared to give that attention to plants of this kind that their merits deserve. In hot dry weather greenfly is one of the most troublesome pests, but it is not alone, as thrips also attack them. These, of course, must be de- stroyed on their first appearance, and fumigating with tobacco-smoke is the best and cleanest way to get rid of them. The potting of the plants must also be attended to as required. If they become pot-bound it takes several weeks before the plants make a start, and they never do nearly so well as those that have not received any check at all. By far the best place in which to grow the plants is a low span-roofed pit ; and if the lights can be removed from the roof entirely, so much the better. The plants are benefited by abundance of air, but it is not well to expose them to all sorts of weather. A gentle shower of rain does them good, but heavy rains would be injurious ; high winds would cut the large leaves to pieces ; so that it is necessary to have the lights convenient to place over them. Our earliest plants are now ready to be potted into 5-inch pots, and the latest ones to be potted off' into small 6o's. The soil ought to be light and rich ; decayed and dry cow manure is the best. The Calceolaria. — This plant requires very similar attention to that for the above. The seeds may be sown at the same time, and the plants be potted on and grown the same way. This subject is even more liable to be attacked by greenfly ; frequent fumigationsa as a preventive answers best. The old- fashioned practice of propagating named varieties from cuttings is out of fashion, because the plants are not grown to name, but are raised annually from seeds. There is less trouble attendant on the culture of Calceolarias from seeds than there is in keeping up a stock from cuttings ; and seedlings generally pro- duce the finest plants. The soft brittle leaves shrink from too much exposure to the sun ; therefore if the house is an exposed one a slight shade is necessary in hot sunshine. A good plan is to grow the plants in frames behind a north wall, or in low pits with a north exposure during the summer months. In winter a heated span-roofed pit is best, but the plants dislike artificial heat even more than Cinerarias do, and they are less liable to be injured by frost. We sow the seeds at the same time as we sow the Ciner- arias. They are very small, and must not be covered too deeply — just a very thin sprinkling of sand will be sufflcient. The seed-pots' ought not to be exposed to the sun before the seeds vegetate, else they may be dried up and injured. A good strain of seeds ought always to be obtained ; the difference between the price of good and bad varieties of seeds ought not to be taken into account when purchasing. Of course all the great seed firms fancy they each have the " best strains ;" and doubtless they are careful to obtain or grow good strains only. Some of them are able to show the plants from which the seeds are saved grow- ing in their own nursery-grounds ; so that for the expenditure of half-a-crown for seeds the purchaser can make sure of the best varieties in existence. Jas. Doiit>las. lUtitcs 0f "gaahs. My Home Farm. By Mrs. J. Hill Burton. (LoDgmans, Green & Co.) This useful little book, by the accompli:.hed widow of the Scotch historian, reminds us pleasantly of Our Farm, of Four Acres, which was justly popular five-and-twenty years ago. There is much of the same shrewd practical advice with details of the writer's personal experience. Mrs. Burton's adventures with her two farm servants, both so excellent in every way, except when drunk, are instructive enough, She says, '* The vice is so completely the curse of our country, that any one of exceptional powers found in a humble position may be suspected to be a victim to it." It would be going out of our province to review at length Mrs. Burton's opinions as to the manage- ment of horses, cows, poultry, and pigs ; but what she says about making a profit from market gardening is, we fear, only too true in many cases. " By sending superfluous vegetables to the market, I could always sell them at whatever might be the market price. A cartload of vegetables and a dozen bunches of flowers brought me from los. to 15^". That twice a week, would seem worth having. But for that sum one had to have two men, or man and boy, at the market before six in the morning, along with the pony with the loaded cart. At least the half of the pre- vious day was spent by both man and boy in collect- ing and packing the vegetables for market, and at least one-half of the day on which they went to market elapsed before they could set to any other work. The money value of one day of two men, a horse and cart, cannot be estimated at less than 10s. : in most places it will cost more. I therefore calculated that the market price of vegetables at our distance from the town did little, if at all, more than pay for their transport ; that I had nothing at all for the vegetables themselves, and did better, there- fore, to use them either for house or animals." We can recommend A/y Home Farm as a readable and sensible book. Kohler's Medizinische Pflanzcn, — Under this title Mr. G. Pabst is publishing a series of coloured quarto plates of medicinal and economic plants, with descriptive text and references in German. In the first part are good figures of Laurus nobilis, Citrus vulgaris, C. Limonum, and Juglans regia (Walnut). Royal Caledonian Horticultural: Jtdy n.— The midsummer show of this Society took place m the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, Favoured with the most lovely weather, the market was constituted the fashion- able promenade for the dlitt of Edinburgh society during the forenoon and afternoon, while in the evening the vast building was thronged with orderly crowds of the working classes. As to the show in itself no comparison can be made with an exhibition of last year, for the simple reason that none was held at this period, the Society contenting itself with concentrating its efforts upon the International display which took place later in the season. But it may be said that one could hardly conceive anywhere a more interesting or, indeed, of a finer horticultural exhibition. There was plenty of stuff, it was of the best quality, it was admirably staged, and it was placed before the judges in the freshest, neatest, and most artistic manner. The side spaces were adorned with a row of Conifers and of variegated Hollies and Golden Yews, the latter exhibited by Messrs. Ire- land & Thomson. Down the centre of the hall was a series of spacious tables furnished by the leading nur- serymen of the city, with a circular platform in the centre neatly festooned with greenery and bloom, in which was placed the band. Flanking this central bank were the exhibitors' tables, and the plants and flowers were thereon artistically grouped. The vast semi- circular space at the west end of the market was, as usual, set out by the Lawson Seed and Nursery Com- pany with a collection notable for its size and excellence. A general assortment of Conifers in tubs and pots formed an admirable background to a half-moon table adorned with groups of plants illustrative of tropical, semi-tropical, and temperate plant life. Palms and Ferns and Eucalypti, for instance, rose above numerous choice specimens of Caladiums ; these were intermingled with Dracaenas, while the foreground was lit up with Gloxinias, Begonias, and Pelargoniums. On another table a most effective show of herbaceous plants was made, in full and profuse bloom, and another was taken up with a unique collection of the foliage of all the varieties of our variegated deciduous trees — a feature which found general approval for its novelty and excellence. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, Royal Winter 88 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. Gardens, furnished a table whose chief feature was the lordly specimens of Palms, Dracsenas, Screw Pines and Yuccas, while colour was given to the lower stages by a profuse display of Pelargoniums and Begonias. Beyond the band stand was the admirable collection of Messrs. Thomas Melhven & Sons, Leith Walk Nurseries. The prominent plants here were Tree Ferns, Palms, and a tall specimen of the Araucaria excelsa ; while Crotons, Ferns — including several very nice examples of the Todea superba — Hydrangeas, Pelargoniums, and Lobelias were rouped with very telling effect. Messrs. Dicksons Co., Pilrig Nurseries, were no less worthily represented by a first-class colleaiion arranged by an artistic hand. Standing clear above a mass of colour afforded by Roses, bouquets of white, yellow, blue and red-purple Violas, Fuchsias, Begonias, and Pelargoniums were gigantic specimens ot Himalayan Rhododendrons, including the massive Falconeri and Countess of Haddington ; and the space between was neatly filled in with Palms, Pines, Bananas, and. Tree Ferns. From Mr. Robertson Munro, Abercorn Nurseries, came a handsome table of old favourites in the shape of herbaceous and rock plants, all in bloom. The Royal Botanic Gardens had a table furnished with botanical rarities, which appealed to scientific visitors. These rarities included a complete collection of Sundews and other carnivorous plants, and a selected variety of economic tropical plants. Competitive exhibits were divided into two classes — those staged by nurserymen, and those by gardeners and amateurs. Taking the nurserymen's class in the outset, we were struck with the tables of plants for effect. Here the ist place was by universal acclamation accorded to Messrs Ireland & Thomson, Craigleith Nurseries. There could be no question as to its super- excellence, whether the plants, their value or their condition be regarded. If anything to our mind there was too great crowding of the plants, which marred the individual beauty of many of the finest ; but this is a fault — if fault it be — when effect is considered, borrowed from London, where massing is more studied than the art of grouping individuals for subsidiary effective decor- ation. The specialties of the collection were un- doubtedly the Orchids, Ixoras and the Nepenthes. Among the latter we noted a grand specimen of A. Veitchii, with leaves 3I feet long — introduced two years ago ; A. Mastersiana, introduced last year, with pitchers r\\ inches long and 7^ inches in circumfer- ence ; and A. Hookeri. Of the Orchids the best were Cattleya Mossise, with its beautiful purple hp ; C. War- neri exquisite in the rich deep maroon of its lip ; and C. Mendeli, lighter than the last-named in its upper petals. There was a fine lot of Masdevallias, in capital bloom, and the best of the Dendrobiums was last year's introduction, D, Dearei, with pure white flowers ; also two or three specimens of the Bee Orchis in characteristic flower. The Cypripediums were especially good, the most notable being C. Lawrenceanum, very beautiful in the markings of the upper petals ; and C. Stonei, with its characteristic long tails. Odontoglossums were in variety ; and of the Anthuriums the newest was A. Waroc- queanum, withleaves3^ feet long, Thissplendidcollection embraced a fine lot of nicely flowered Ixoras, Heaths, Crotons, decorative Palms, Stephanotis. &c. The same firm were ist for four Palms, their specimens including Kentia Fosteriana — an intermediate- house variety from the South Seas, 10 feet high — and a very fine Phcenix rupicola. Honours for table plants were divided between Mr. y. Sutherland and Mr. M. Mclntyre, but there was nothing especially striking in their collections. Messrs. Ireland & Thomson carried the day with their Dracaenas, good young well coloured plants ; while Messrs. Dicksons & Co. were 1st with a oouple o! splendid tall and graceful Tree Ferns. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Ccmpany maintained their ancient renown for their Coniiers. Perhaps the most striking competition among the nurserymen from the point of view of the general public was that for Roses. Growers from the North of Scot- land, from the South of England, and from Ireland were represented, and seldom has such a magnificent display of the queen of flowers been seen anywhere — never before in the capital of Scotland. For the best forty-eight blooms there was the keenest tie between two such reputed growers as Mr. H. Dickson, of Belfast, and Mr. C. Tumei, of Slough, and the judges hung long over the award. Finally the premium was given to the Irishman, mainly on the ground of the size and symmetry of his flowers, though it was admitted that, if anything, the Slough lot carried the palm for rich- ness of colour. It would be invidious to pick out any special variety for special notice, but to judge from the verdict of the crowds of ladies and gentlemen who sur- rounded the stand all day long, it might be argued that the dark varieties were the ^vourites. For the best twenty-four blooms Mr. Turner had again to lower his colours to Messrs C. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, Kent. Their lot was scarcely inferior, ifat allin some individual blooms the superiority was admitted — to Mr. Dickson's ; while Mr. Turner's 2d prize two dozen exhibited form, comeliness, and colour, which, in most competitions, would have carried them to the front rank. Mr. Dickson was again 1st for the best twelve distinct sorts sent out since 1880, but he was run close by D. W. Croll, Broughty Ferry. The latter gentleman comes from a later district, and we daresay that, had the show been two or three weeks later, both he and Messrs. Crocker & Sons, Aberdeen, who were unplaced, would have given the veteran Irish grower a harder pull for leading honours. Beginning our notice of the gardeners* exhibits with the Roses, it may be said that these collections were creditable in the extreme. Of course, in size and uniformity, and in depth of colour, they fell far short of such notable professional growers as Dickson, Turner or Bunyard, yet this much must be conceded, that any show would have had credit with the forty-eight blooms with which Mr. R. Fergusson, Clermiston, carried off the ist prize. The flowers were large and handsome, and if not so close as might be, yet rich in colour, and staged in fine order. Mr. Parlane's (Helensburgh) 2d prize lot was unequal in merit. For twenty-four Roses, Mr. Kirk, Alloa, was ist with a couple of dozen, less even in quality than Mr. Fergusson's, but containing some gems. The last named gentleman was 2d in this class with twenty-four smaller blooms than his other lot, but in some respects more compact and of heavier cloth. Mr. Shiach, Lauriston Castle, was 1st for the best dozen blooms ; only one in the lot could be reckoned of second-class quality. The Tea Roses were very good. We do not remember to have seen a finer display of plants by gardeners than that for the best fiuTiished table, 20 feet by 5 feet, effect being reckoned the primary consideration. The first premium deservedly fell to Mr. Jas. Grosart, Oswald Road, Edin- burgh, for a table which for easy artistic arrangement beat that of Messrs. Ireland & Thomson. The leading plants were a Daemonorops in the centre flanked by a pair of Cocos Weddelliana, and among those which gave character to the groups of less height were the Orchids. These embraced a particu^ly fine Cattleya Mossiae, an Odontoglossum vexillarium, with twelve blooms of a dehcate rose and white ; a Lseha purpurata, an On- cidium Krameri, bearing however, only one flower so like a butterfly as to deceive a bird. Among the other plants which went to make up a most effective decora- tive group were Gloxinias, Dracsenas, Cockscombs, inter- mixed with Maidenhair and other Ferns. The 2d prize was accorded to Mr. A. Paul, Edinbiu"gh, for a table not so crowded as the first and therefore giving more scope for the display of the individualities, so to speak, of the plants. The default of the table was the lack of flower- ing stuff— the eye demanded more colour to be satisfied with due effect. For a single Orchid Mr. J. Paterson, Millbank, was awarded the premium, his specimen being a remarkably cleverly done Disa grandiflora, with sixteen grand rich scarlet flowers, with the upper petals beautifully striped. Mr. A. Paul was 2d, with an Odontoglossum vexillarium Klabochianum, with about fifty flowers, white and pink in colour. Many thought that this was the better plant of the two, but no doubt the judges took into account that Mr. Paterson's Orchid demanded more skill in rearing and bringing into bloom. Mr. Paul, however, was an easy 1st for four Orchids, his specimens being Odontoglossum superbum, O. vexillarium, O. Skinneri, and Laslia purptu^ta. For two Orchids Mr. J. Curror, Eskbank, came xst, with an Oncidium macranthum nicely grown, and an Aerides virens pro- fusely flowered. There was a remarkable table of Cycads, the ist prize going to Mr. R. Grieve, Falcon Hall, for a tall and beautifully grown specimen of the circinalis variety. But Mr. Grieve had to play second fiddle to Mr. J. Paterson for four Palms, the last-named excellent grower's specimens being both large and of the newer sorts. Mr. Paul carried the honours for Caladiums and Achi- menes, and he was equally strong in exotic Ferns. A pleasing display was that of Ferns, both tropical and British ; and in addition to the gentlemen named Mr. J. Leyden, Mr. A. Anderson, and Mr. J. Cumming, St. Roque, were well to the front with gigantic specimens. There was a sparsity in the show of greenhouse plants, but what were forward were of good quality. Mr. A. Paul again carried leading honours for six stove and greenhouse plants, his lot embracing an Anthurium Scherzerianum with a score of spikes ; a good Leeha purpurata, and a Clerodendron coccinea in luxuriant blossom. Mr. J. Paterson was to the fore for the brace of greenhouse plants, which were a large, excellently trained Erica Shannoniana, one mass of splendid bells ; and an Aphelexis macrantha, also covered with well deve- loped flowers. Mr. A. Scott, Carbery Tower, carried the day for four and six foliage plants, which in- cluded a Croton, Palms, Cocos, Dracaenas, and a Pandanus Veitchii. The whole class was excellent. In the class for two foliage plants some surprise was expressed that the ist prize went to Mr. George Kerr, Glencaim, for two exquisitely marked Coleus, but there could be no doubt as to these exhibiting the best cultural art, though some imagined that other exhibitors had finer — certainly they had costlier plants. Mr. J. Pater- son occupied his wonted 1st place for Cape Heaths, and it need only be said that they were perfect in manage- ment and in flower. Of the minor classes it may be stated that there was a large and on the whole a fine display of Lilies, Fuchsias, Heliotropes, Pelargoniums, and bouquets. Considering the season of the year the show of fruit was superb — equal, indeed, to anything that mc\y be seen in ordinary years at the September exhibition. For the collection of fruit Mr. George Johnstone, Glamis Castle, was an easy ist with a magnificent lot, which included Black Hamburgh and Black Alicante Grapes, which for finish, size of berry and bunch quite came up to anything he has ever produced ; capital Peaches and Nectarines, Figs, and a Pine, which was the only weak fruit in the collection. Mr. T. Boyd's 2d prize lot comprised a Melon, a basket of Strawberries, a bunch of Bananas, a Queen Pine (small), and two bunches of Grapes deficient in colour. For one Pine- apple Mr. D. Murray, Culzean Castle, was ist, with a good-sized Queen. Mr. George Johnstone carried the palm for two bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes, exquisite in bloom, and no less excellent in size of berry and bunch. For blacks of any other sort Mr. T. Boyd was ist, with a brace of Madresfield Court, well finished ; Mr. Dow's 2d being Muscat Hamburghs, scarcely forward enough, Mr. Dow was, however, ist for whites with a couple of bunches of Muscats, in all respects first-class excepting an immaturity of bloom. Mr. McKinnon, Melville Castle, and Mr. A. Young, were ist and 2d, the former for Peaches and the latter for Nec- tarines, the Peaches being especially fine ; Cherries were good, the Strawberries unusually fine. Figs ripe and luscious, and Melons, if small, of good flavour. There was a highly creditable show of vegetables. {From a Correspondent.) Ipswich and East of England Horticultural. — At last the spell is broken, and the misfortune that always seemed to follow the Ipswich and East of Eng- land show exists no longer, for on Tuesday, the loth, instead of the usual wet, the weather was splendid, and the Rev. H. A. Berners, the enthusiastic Hon. Secretary, who has laboured so hard and so long to build up the Society on a sound basis, must have rejoiced to see his persevering efforts crowned with success, as they now are, lor the entries were exceedingly nmnerous, the company great, and the exhibition, in the opinion of all, the best ever held in the place. The site chosen for the fHe — in Christchurch Park — was a most excellent one, as it lies on the crest of very high dry ground, partly surrounded with magnificent Limes, and interspersed with them or other noble trees, which afforded the much desired shade and cool air for the visitors and tents, and thus enabled the people who thronged to see the show to enjoy it to the full, which they seldom do under ordinary circumstances, when the atmosphere of marquees is so close and stuffy, that all, except the strongest, are glad to beat a hasty retreat and get where they can breathe freely again in the open. There could be no complaints, however, of this kind on the occasion referred to, as the tents were not only cool, but very commodious, especially that in which the Roses and stove and greenhouse plants were staged, which was of huge dimensions, so that all could pass freely in and out, and promenade without inconvenience or discomfort. The park itself is immediately contiguous to the town, and though not of great extent is one of the most pictur- esque and diversified it is possible to find, as the land seems pitched about abruptly and naturally, and the timber, though large and old, is in the rudest of health. Some of the trees are remarkable for their gigantic pro- portions, the Oaks, Limes, and Spanish Chestnuts — more particularly one of the latter — being specially noticeable owing to the peculiar swelling out towards its base, where it measures quite 40 feet round, and there are others that have strangely contorted trunks, and singular twists of the stems. What added so much to the glory of the exhibition was the Roses and the splendid fruit brought from afar, many of the well known leading men in the country were there, as will be seen when the names of Cant, Paul, and Prince are mentioned among the nurserymen, and the Revs. Foster, Melliar, Page, Roberts, Pemberton, Mr. D. T. Fish, and Mr. G, Palmer as amateurs ; while the chief struggle in the pomological department was carried on between Mr, Bethell, of Sudboum, Mr. Blair, of Shrubland, and Mr. Allan, of Gunton Park, so that each had foemen worthy of his steel. Taking the fruit first it is not too much to say that three better collections could hardly be staged, and the competition was a very close one, and would have been even more so had Pines been excluded, as they really ought to be, to place non-growers on a more equal footing when they measure their strength. As it was Mr. Bethell won the premier award, Mr, Blair, gr. to Sir G. Broke, Middleton, coming in 2d ; and Mr. Allan, gr. to Lord Suffield, 3d. Mr. Bethell had superbly finished Peaches and Nectarines, a rich looking, highly coloured Melon, very fine black and white Grapes, Figs, Strawberries, and a Pine. Mr. Blair had a similar lot, as had also Mr. Allan, but no Pine, his Black Hamburgh Grapes being simply perfect, as were Ukewise those he showed in the class for three bunches, where he was an easy winner. The ist prize for Peaches was carried off by Mr. W. Beer, with very rosy and large Hale's Early, Mr. Allan coming 2d with well ripened Noblesse. For six Nectarines Mr. Allan was ist, Mr. Spooner, gr. to C. Norman, Esq., Mistley Court, 2d ; and Mr. Rushmere, gr. to Sir C. Rowley, 3d. Strawberries were well repre- sented, Mr. Allan having some extraordinary Dr. Hogg, with which he came in ist for the heaviest thirty-six, beating a dish of the large coarse Myatt's Surprise, For the best collection Mr. Tebenham, gr. to Lady North, was placed ist, and Mr. Allan 2d, with a smaller lot of very fine fruit. In the class for flavour the good old British Queen stood at the head. Mr. Blair scored a 2d with the same sterhng variety. Excepting the fine very large Bigarreau Napoleon Cherries contributed by the last-named gentleman the exhibit of this fruit was poor, but Raspberries and Currants were just the reverse. The competition in the plant department was not so strong or close, and Mr. Bethell scored an easy victory in both classes for eight and four, in the first of which collections he had very fine plants of Bougainvillea glabra, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Stephanotis flori- bunda, Dipladenia Brearleyana, Azalea Henderson i, and Ixora Williamsi. Messrs. Gilbert, of Ipswich, came in 2d, their best plants being a very large Erythrina Crista- galli, Stephanotis floribunda, and Croton Johannis. Mr. W. Sheppard, gr. to G. Packard, Esq., was placed 3d, the most telUng specimens in his collection being a huge bush of the large showy Chrysanthemum Ahce Crausse, densely flowered ; and a well-bloomed Allamanda Hen- dersoni. In the class for fine-toliaged plants Mr. Bethell was again ist, showing Dracaena amabilis, Kentia Bel- moreana, Croton angustifohus, and Cissus discolor ; the Messrs. Gilbert runnmg a good 2d, a big Phormium tenax Veitchii being the most notable plant of their four. For six exotic Ferns the order was reversed, the Messrs. July 21, 1883.] THR GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 89 Gilbert being declared the winners, but they were closely pressed by Mr. Bethell, who had among his a grand plant of Davallia Mooreana in the perfection of health. The premier prize for a group of plants, arranged in a space 12 feet by 4, was secured by Mr. Chenery, gr. to I>. H. Booth, Esq., who had a very serviceable lot ; and in the same class the Messrs. Gilbert had to be content with second honours. In the cut flower department all interest seemed centred in the Roses, of which there was a magnificent display, a row of boxes running along each side of the centre table in a very long tent. The division between was made with green baize, which formed a good back- ground, but it would have been much better if a line of Maidenhair Ferns had been used in its stead, as the delicate tint of their fronds would have softened and toned down the bright colours in front. The prize for forty-eight was hotly contested, and the collections of Mr. B. Cant, of Colchester, and Mr. F. Cant, of the same place, were so close that the judges had much difficulty in deciding, but finally the coveted award fell to the first-named gentleman. The stand of forty-eight contributed by Mr. Frank Cant appeared to improve as the day wore on, and seemed faultless throughout the whole lot, as they were then perfect in finish and colour. The Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, who were 3d, seemed to have been unfortunate in the carriage of theirs, as they had evidently suffered in the journey, or from the weather before they were packed. In the amateurs' class for thirty-six Mr. G. Palmer, gr. to Captain Powell, of Drinkstone, proved the victor, beating the Rev. H. T. Frere and the Rev. A. Foster Melliar, who generally shows in fine form. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was quite unapproachable in the twenty-fours, showing a splendid bo.x of flowers of great substance of petal, with a rich play of colour. The Rev. Page Roberts had also a good lot in this class, and was 2d. In the twelves the Rev. J. H. Pemberton was again to the fore, beating the Rev. H. A. Berners, who, however, had several very fine blooms. The most attractive exhibit in the tent was Mr. B. Cant's box of twelve sorts, three trusses of each, and a beautiful lot they were, as were also those of Mr. F. Cant and the Messrs. Paul, who came in 2d and 3d. Tea Roses appear special favourites with the ladies, and no wonder, as they are of a more uselul size than per- petuals, and their tints are delicate and lovely, besides which their scent is delicious. Messrs. Paul, though worsted in the other classes, were ist for these, showing a splendid dozen, which were greatly admired. The chief prize for the best stand of cut flowers for table deco- ration was won by Mr. Palmer, of Drinkstone. For a bridal bouquet Mr. Bethell was isl, with an exceedingly choice one, made up principally with Lapageria alba, Stephanotis, Gardenias, and Pancratium ; Mr. Palmer coming in 2d with one composed chiefly of Eucharis, TabernK-nionlana, and Gardenias. Messrs. Gilbert were to tlie fore with a most tastefully made ball-room bouquet, in which Orchids were freely used, and the same with the one of Mr. G. Palmer's which was awarded the 2d prize. Herbaceous cut flowers were well represented, and the stands, though far too crowded, contained many fine things, and showed plainly what magnificent subjects many of them are for decorative purposes either indoors or out ; and the wonder is that plants bearing such a wealth of floral beauty should have been allowed to drop so much out of cultivation as they have, for whether growing in borders or cut they are equally striking. Instead, however, of exhibiting them on small stands, such as used for Dahlias or Asters, they ought to have treble the room, or be put in separate vessels of water, and named, so that each bunch could stand out and be seen distuictly, displayed in which way there would be nothing to equal them in a show. In the class for twenty-four the Messrs. Gilbert were ist, having in their collection three fine varieties of Alstromeria, Delphiniums Brilliant and Beauty of Peyrony, Dianthus hybrida muUifiora, Geum coccineum flore-pleno, Campanula persicifolia alba, Catananche bicolor, Gaillardia Richardi, Prunella grandiflora, and Centaurea montana alba. Mr. |. Bux- ton, who was 2d, had also a capital lot, in which the lovely pure white old Lilium candidum figured con- spicuously, but this stand lost much of its interest and usefulness to visitors through not being named. In the stands for twelve, S. Westhorp, Esq. , took the ist, and F. T. Cobbold, Esq., the 2d prize. Vegetables were not shown in such abundance as on previous occasions, but for the special prize offered by Messrs. Rands & Jeckel there wasagood competition, the ist award falling to the lot of Mr. Bethell, and the 2d to Mr. Lever, gr. to F. T. Cobbold, Esq. The sorts of Peas exhibited consisted mainly of Magnum Bonum, Telegraph, Telephone, and Stratagem, the first-named lots all having fresh-looking pods of very large, sweet and succulent, deep green Peas. Twickenham Horticultural : July 10. — Thanks to Sir John Astley's kindness this popular suburban Society was enabled to hold its summer show in the beautiful grounds of the Orleans Club, and this, the third time of asking, proved a success, as the show was good, the day delightful, and the attendance excellent. As usual at suburban and metropolitan shows there were some good trade groups, and these are always interesting, as they include many choice things and often novelties that would otherwise not be publicly seen. Of this character was the beautiful piece of Dendrobium superbiens, the flowers of an unusually deep rosy-mauve hue, shown in the capital group of plants put up by Messrs. Jackson & Son, of Kingston, who also had several very fine Odontoglossum vexil- larium, good Ericas, &c. Messrs. Hooper & Co., Twickenham, and Mr. W. Brown, of Richmond, had charmingly arranged collections ; Mr. Laing, of Twick- enham, a good mass of gay plants, and Messrs. Veitch & Sons put up a large collection of superb cut Roses. Mr. Bates, gr. to J. E. Mecks, Esq., Paulett Lodge, Twickenham, grouped a fine lot of decorative plants also, but being an active member of the committee he does not show in the competitions. The usual decorative mixed groups were a telling feature, and were admirably done, Mr. Munro, gr. to Lady John Chichester, Twickenham, having a very effective armngemcnt — Mr. J. Parsons, gr. to T. Twining, lOsq., of the same place, coming next, with a very pretty group. Six admirable stove and greenhouse plants in flower came from Mr. Hinnell, gr. to F. A. Davis, Esq., Surbiton, who had superb examples of Erica ventricosa, BothwelUana, and tricolor Wilsoni ; Phoeno- coma prolifera Barnesi, very good ; Aphelexis macrantha rosea, a fine Darwinia fuchsioides, and a big Aerides odoratum. Mr. Munro had the finest lot of foliage plants in huge Seaforthi.i elegans and Areca Verschaffelti, large Dracrenas \'oungii and Baptisti, well-coloured Cro- tons mnjesticum and Regina, both good. Six grand pans of Achimenes came from Mr. Swallow, gr. to J. J. Flack, Esq., Twickenham, one of which, the pure white- flowered Margarita, was about 3 feet high, and nearly as much through. It is grand masses of flowering stulTof this kind that are so much needed at many shows. Mr. MorrcII.gr. to J. S. Rutter, Esq., Richmond, had six capital Fuchsias in Baroness, Mrs. Marshall, and Albert Memorial, whites ; and of reds, Lord Beaconsfield, John Gibson, and Galatea. The best six Begonias in com- petition for Messrs. John Laing & Co.'s prizes came from Mr. Munro, and were dwarf, admirably grown, and very large-flowered plants. There was a large competition in the fruit and vegetable classes, and in the former section Mr. Munro was a good ist with six fine dishes, his Black Hamburgh Grapes and Gross Mignonne Peaches being exceptionally good. With three bunches of good Madresfield Court Grapes Mr. Thompson, gr. to Mrs. Wells, Hounslow, was an easy ist in that class, Mr. Munro having small but capitally fin- ished Hamburghs, Mr. J. Coombs, gr. to Sir H. Meux, Sheen House, had in Muscat of Alexandria, of excellent finish, the best white Grapes, Buckland Sweetwater being also in good form. Mr. E. Lake, gr. to E. Ascherson, Esq., Haversham Grange, had the finest dish of Peaches in grand fruits of Noblesse, Violette Hative coming in 2d ; and in the Nectarine class the kind of the same name, from Messrs. Waite, of Esher, and Heckle, of Twickenham, were superbly coloured. James Veitch Strawberry came ist and 2d in that class, and Hero of Lockinge was both ist and 2d in the Melon class. Mr. Thompson had a superb dish of Trophy Tomatos, and Sutton's Victory of Manchester and Carter's Model were the best Cucumbers. There was a large number of the customary table decorations, some very pretty, some otherwise ; some sixty bunches of wild flowers set up in bewildering same- ness by children, and, not least, a truly superb show of cut Gloxinias in boxes of twelve bunches : the ist prize lot, staged by Mr. Warwick, of Hampton, was such a splendid lot of flowers as to evoke the highest admiration. The cottagers also made a brave show. Ealing Horticultural: July 11. — This annual exhibition was held in the beautiful and most convenient grounds of the Royal Indian Asylum, and the weather being delightfully fine the attendance was enormous. The district, including as it does the immense parishes of Eahng, Acton, and Hanwell, with their teeming popu- lation, is so wide that outside help is little encouraged, but some liberal open prizes are offered for cut Roses, which always bring a first-rate competition ; indeed, the flowers staged at Ealing were as good as well could be. In the class for twenty-four trebles Mr. C. Turner, com- ing with fresh-cut flowers from Slough, was a good ist, with superb blooms. We just noted as very charming A. K. WiUiams, most brilliant in colour ; Harrison Weir, Alfred Colomb, Camille Bernardin. Countess of Rosebery, Marie Baumann, and Charles Lefebvre amongst rich-coloured flowers ; and Baroness Roths- child, La France, Marcchal Niel, Madame Laurent, Duchesse de Morny, and Fran^oise Michelon. light kinds. Mr. G. Prince, of Oxford, came 2d, with a strong lot of flowers, and of diverse kinds were charming blooms of Lord Macaulay, Louis Van Houtte, Sdnateur Vaisse, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Captain Christy, Mdlle. Marie Finger, &c. Mr. Rumsey, of Waltham Cross, was 3d ; and Mr. Piper, of Uckfield, 4th. A new open class for Tea Roses was equally filled, Mr. Prince coming ist with a superb lot of blooms. His dozen comprised Alba rosea, Mari^chal Niel, Sou- venir de Paul Neron, Marie Van Houtte, Madam Lam- bard, Comtesse Nadillac, Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Innocente Pirola, Souvenir d'un Ami. Mr. Piper came 2d. and Mr. Turner followed. A truly splendid lot of Roses came from Messrs. E. Lee & Sons, Ealing Nur- sery, and included a wondrous variety of good kinds. Specially fine were the blooms of Magna Charta, rosy- pink ; Mabel Morrison, Mdlle. Annie Wood, Countess of Rosebery, Duke of Connaught, Pierre Carnot. and others. From Messrs. Veitch & Sons also came a beau- tiful lot of flowers that commanded the lullest admira- tion. The local classes were also wonderfully well filled, and Ealing folks have never seen there a finer display of the queen of flowers. Mr. Hudson, gr. to H. J. Atkin- son, Esq., Gunnersbury House, was placed ist amongst several competitors, with twenty-four bunches and twelve bunches of greenhouse flowers, and also occupied the same position with a brilliant box of twenty-four bunches of large-flowered Pelargoniums. Witli cut hardy flowers Mr. R. Dean and Mr. G. Simpson were placed equal ist, both having some beautiful Delphiniums, CEnothera Fraseri, and, in the former stand, spikes of the Nettle- leaved Campanula with double white flowers, were much admired. There were large quantities of Sweet Williams, Antirrhinums, and other cut flowers, and the dinner and drawing-room stands were varied and more or less elegant. Specially charming was a stand dressed solely with wild flowers and grasses, sent by Mrs. Hayward, of Ealing — a few blooms of the blue Cornflower, Buttercups, O.x-eye Daisies, wild Roses, and some grasses, making up a pretty arrangement. Stands dressed with garden flowers were mostly too heavy — Roses, especially large dark flowers, always unfit for epergnes, making the arrangement lumpy. A tendency to largely over-dress with Ferns and grasses is a common fault on the part of lady decorators. Some very elegant stands set up by Mrs. Hudson, but not in competition, secured well merited admiration. Fruit was shown in good form, and it may be anticipated that Mr. Hudson, who is always strong in every department, was ist with six dishes, having superb Madresfield Court and Foster's Seedhng Grapes, good Queen Pine, handsome seedling Melon, Lord Napier Nectarines, and splendid Black Circassian Cherries. Mr. Chadwick, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill, came 2d with good Hamburgh and Buck- land Sweetwater Grapes, Royal George Peaches, &c. Mr. Hudson was 1st with two bunches of Ijlack (irapes, his Madresfield Court being perfect. Mr. Baird, gr. to C. A. Daw, Esq., Ealing, came next with fine but not fully coloured Black Hamburgh. With two bunches of white, however, Mr. Baird was a good ist, having a superbly finished bunch of the Duke of Buccleuch, berries of great size and clear skin ; and a hardly less meritorious bunch of Buckland Sweetwater. Mr. Hudson was placed 2d with fully finished Foster's Seedling, but was an easy ist with Black Circassian and Bigarreau Napoleon Cherries. In two classes Mr. Chadwick had the finest two dishes of Strawberries in Eleanor and Dr. Hogg — Mr. Stone, gr. to W. Mead, Esq., coming 2d with fine President. The plant tents were filled almost to crowding with a grand display of stuff, foremost amongst which must be placed the large foliage plants and Ferns, from Gunners- bury House — Mr. Hudson, on this occasion, almost excelling himself. His six Ferns included a majestic Dicksonia antarctica, a tnily monster Gleichenia flabellata, some 8 feet through, and perfect in form ; Davallia bul- lata, of great size ; Lomaria gibba, Nephrolepis tuberosa, and Alsophila capensis, all very fine specimens. His six stove and greenhouse plants included a truly grand Alocasia metallica, about 7 feet through, and superbly done, perhaps one of the finest ever seen ; a gigantic Croton vmdulatus, a good Bougain- villea glabra, and a charming specimen Asparagus plumosus, 5 feet across, and not more than a year old. Six smaller but truly superbly grown Ferns came from Mr. Smith, gr. to T. Nye, Esq. , Ealing, and included a fine Davallia Mooreana, Adiantum formosum and A. gracilis, &c. Mr. Smith had the finest four Fuchsias — gigantic pyramids, and Mr. Wright, gr. to G. Greenfield, Esq., Hanwell, also had capital specimens, the latter taking ist place in single specimens with a grand Mrs. Marshall — Mr. Smith coming 2d with Try Me Oh, and Mr. Chad- wick 3d with Marie Cornillessen. In the group class some beautiful arrangements were put up. Mr. Hudson was, as usual, ist. The best single flowering plant came from Mr. Barber, gr. to C. Brown, Esq., Gunnersbury, and was a splendidly flowered Clerodendron Balfour- ianum. Very great indeed was the competition in the many plant classes, and we cannot afford space to notice one-tenth of the exhibits. Very material help was given to the show by the grand groups of plants sent by Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, whose hardy ornamental foliage plants have been previously noticed in these pages ; by Mr. C. Turner, who put up two dozen fine show Pelar- goniums, making a glowing bank of colour ; by Messrs. Fromow, of Turnham Green, whose arrangement was exceedingly beautiful, as becomes this rising firm ; and by Mr. Howell, of Hammersmith, who had boxes of tricolor Pelargoniums, &c. One huge tent, to the con- tents of which we cannot further refer, was exclusively occupied by the cottagers, who make a marvellous dis- play of their garden products, making about 350 separate entries. A number of classes were filled solely by single- handed gardeners, and all the open class vegetables, besides a capital competition for the prizes offered by Messrs. Carter & Co. for three of their fine Peas. The nature ot the clerical work incidental to a show of this kind may be gathered from the fact that tliere was a total of about 1500 entries. Edinburgh Botanical : July 12. — The Society met in the class-room. Royal Botanic Garden, W. B. Boyd, Esq., President, in the chair. The following communications were read :^ I. Obituary Notice of the late John Sadler, by Profes- sor Bayley-Balfour. Emeritus Professor Balfour, who appears to have recovered in great part from his late ill- ness, stated the loss he felt from the decease of Mr. Sadler, both as a botanist and as a friend. Professor Dickson also followed in a similar strain. II. On the Progress of Open-air Vegetation at the Royal Botanic Garden, for June, by Mr. Robert Lindsay, Curator. During last montli the weather was very favourable for open-air vegetation, the much- desired rain commenced to fall in earnest on the 17th, although there were several slight showers be- fore that date. Since then heavy showers have been frequent, and of that genial kind so much required ; the ground is now thoroughly moistened, but with the warm weather and sunshine experienced no excess of rain has yet occurred. The lowest readings of the thermometer during the month were— on the 4th, 40° ; 5th, 39° ; 8th, 35" ; i6th, 40' ; 17th, 38° ; 21st, 38" ; while the highest morning readings were — on the 8th, 60" ; 15th, 60° ; 23d, 60° ; 28th, 62* ; 29th, 60* 90 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.. [July 21, 1883. 30th, 62". The foliage of deciduous trees, such as Plane, Lime, Oak, Service, Spanish, and Horse Chestnut, &c., are thoroughly developed and remarkably clean and perfect, owing greatly to the scarcity of the usual insect pests, such as aphis, caterpillars, red-spider, &c., which often disfigure their leaves so much. Even Roses, which are peculiarly subject to attacks of aphis, are, so far, almost free from this enemy. Probably the lateness and dryness of the spring has had something to do ia arresting the development of these pests. Amongst plants which have flowered unusually well this season Rhododendron hirsutum and R. ferrugineum (the Swiss alpine Rhododendrons) may be mentioned ; large bushes 4 to 5 feet wide have been completely covered with bloom. In the rock garden 255 species and varieties of plants came into flower during the month, as compared with 173 for the corresponding month last year, making a total of 701 for t!ie season, as against 666 at the same date last year. Among the most effective of those which flowered were the following : — bited spikes of Foxgloves, old Scotch Rockets, and a white Viola named Mrs. Gray. The border from which the Rockets were taken is 283 feet long, 6 feet wide, and contains over 1200 plants. Messrs. Thomas Methven & Sons e.\:hibited a collection of Pseony flowers. Messrs. Todd & Co. e.^hibited flowers of Lilium longiflorum. The Secretary presented to the library a copy of Simpson's Improved Prztni/ig and Training of Fruit Trees. Aster alpinus Arenaria laricifolia Aquilegia glandulosa Aciphylla sqiiarrosa (5 9 Campanula turbinata alba ,, barbata Calhcartia villosa Craspedia Richei Cacalia alpina Chrysobaction Hookeri Dianthus alpinus ,, neglectus Erica cinerea vars. GauUheria carnea Helonias asphoddoide^ Linnaei borealis Libertia grandifijra Linaria alpina ,, oiiganirolia ., pallida Meconopsis nepalensis ,. copper-oloured sp. Orchis maculata superba „ folioia Onosma tauricum Pratia littoralis Veronica Guthriana ,, rupestris nana Vicii argentea III. Report on the Vegetation in the Garden of the Royal Botanic Institution, Glasgow, from April to June, by Mr. Robert Eullen, Curator. During April the ther- mometer had been at the freezing-point three times, and below it seven times, the lowest reading being 29° on the night of the 26lh ult. The lowest read ng for last year was 26° on the night of the 15th of the same month. This has been the most favourable season for seed sow- ing for many years. The number of hardy plants in bloom was far in excess of those of those of last year. During May the thermometer was once at the freezing- point, on the night of the 6th, when the temperature fell to 31°. The lowest reading during May of last year was 33". Vegetation this year generally compared favour- ably with that of the same period. The lowest night temperature for June was 36° on the nights of the 7th and 19th, The lowest day temperature was 55°, on the 7th, and the highest 72'', on the 30th. All, except the very hardy kinds of vegetation, are considerably retarded, the flowering ot most of our native annuals, biennials, and perennials, as well as tliose of foreign growth, being a fortnight behind time. Very few of the plants in bloom at this season last year, which was by no means an early one, are now blooming. There has been a singular immunity from the severe thunderstorms which have done great damage to fruit and other crops in many parti of the country. IV. On the Occurrence of Foliage-leaves in Ruscus (Semele) androgynus, witlisome Structural and Morpho- logical Observations, by Professor Dickson, with micro- scopic illustrations. V. Miscellaneous. Communications : — a. The President mentioned that he had in his garden a large tuft of Rubus arcticus which was producing dozens of ripe fruit, which were about the size of a small Raspberry, yellowish-white in colour, but tinged with pink. The flavour was excellent, having a slight after-taste of Vanilla. h. P. N. Fraser, Esq., showed a plant of Polystichum lonchitis, found by him in 1879. At the time it struck him as being a peculiar variety, as its fronds were per- fectly smooth, which character it still retains, but this year all the fronds are beautifully crested. A plant of it which he presented to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden was also shown, with tlie fronds crested in the same manner, after having remained for four years with fronds undivided. Both plants are very heaUhy. and it is curious how they should become so finely crested at the same time. He also showed a specimen of Trillium erectum var. declinatum, about 3 feet high ; and Primula luteola, the same height, having the stem sUghtly fasciated. c. From the Garden plants of Ruscus androgynus, with true leaves and cladodia, were shown, to illustrate Professor Dickson's paper ; as were also several other species of Ruscus, Callixene, Luzuriaga, Myrsiphyllum, Bomarea, Alstronieria, &c. Microscopic preparations of roots, leaves, and branches of Rusci were exhibited in the laboratory. A number of plants in pots were exhibited ^from the garden, among which were Dionasa muscipula, Habranthus pratensis, Crassula Bolusii, Campanula PortenschUigiana, C. barbata alba, Poten- tilla alchemilloides, Pratia angulata, Silene acaulis. Thymus micans, Polygonum jcapitatum, Meconopsis nepalensis, &c. Scottish Horticultural Association. — The ordinary monthly meeting of this Association was held in the Hall, 5, St. Andrew's Square, on Tuesday, the 3d inst., Mr. Robertson Monro, President, in the chair. The Secretary communicated a paper by Mr. J. R. Brown, of the Ayr Nursery, on "The Nursery as a School for Young Gardeners." Mr. Bro\vn pointed out the great educational advantages to be acquired in a nursery, and strongly advised every young gardener to spend a portion of his time in some nursery where he would gain an insight into the business. Mr. \Vm. Wilson, Chapel-on-Leader, exhibited a white Lobelia named Miss Hope. Mr. M. Chapman, Easter Duddingston Lodge, exhibited a collection of herbaceous flowers. Mr. J. Gray, Eglinton Castle Gardens, exhi- HuU Botanic Gardens Flower Show. — The first floral exhibition ever held at Hull was formally opened by the Mayor (Mr. Alderman Leak) on Wednes- day, the nth inst. The President, A. K. Rollit, Esq., LL.D. (to whose endeavours the creditable state ot things was mainly due), laid down a very hopeful pros- pect for the gardens, and stated that one of the first things necessary would be to increase the number of subscriberrs from the 700 at present enrolled up to 1000 at least. The gardens were very neat, and the beds and borders very gav and well kept, the even greensward and smooth walks affording a good promenade for the large company assembled. The three principal large tents were pitched near the band stand, the one communi- cating with the other in a very convenient manner. The whole arrangement of the show left nothing to be desired, and the size and quahty of many of the exhibits were quite up to the standard of our best exhibitions, a very interesting feature being a large quantity of economic plants, sent by the President, A. K. Rollit, Esq. The schedule was very extensive, comprising almost every- thing, from exotic Orchids to cottagers' produce, and in most of the classes there was a good competition. A special cup. given by G. Bohn, Esq., Vice-President, to the most meritorious exhibitor, was taken by Mr. James Cypher, of Queen's Road Nursery, Cheltenham, who brought out many of his large specimens in his usual good style, securing ist prize in most of the large classes, his six Orchids being particularly fresh and nice, viz., Disa grandiflora, with twenty blooms ; Dendrochilum filiforme, eighteen spikes ; Dendrobium Dearei, two fine spikes ; Aerides Lobbii, fine dark variety ; Odontoglos- sum citrosmum roseum, with eighteen flowers on a spike ; Masdevallia Harryana, with eighteen flowers. Mr. Cypher also obtained a First-class Certificate for Den- drobium Dearei. and another for a nicely bloomed plant of Cattleya Gaskelliana, which was greatly admired. Some very fine exhibits also were sent bv Messrs. A. Wilson, W. H. H. Broadley, M.P., J. C. Padman, and R. Simpson, The exhibition kisted three days, and was declared a success. {From a Correspondent.) Variorum. The Derivation of "Sweet William." — With reference to Mr. H. Friend's remarks on Dr. Prior's suspicious explanation of the name " Sweet William," I beg to adduce the following passage from an able essay on flowers in the Quarterly Revieiv of July, 1S63. Speaking of the small red-pink Dianthus prolifer, the writer says:— "This is perhaps the original * Sweet Saint William,' for the word ' Saint ' has only been dropped since days which saw the demolition of St. William's shrine in Rochester Cathedral. This, however, is but a conjecture ; and we must be content to remain uncertain whether the masses of bright flowers which form one of the chief glories of old-fashioned gardens commemorate St. William of Rochester, St. William of York, or, like- liest of the three, St. William of Acquitaine, the half- soldier, half-monk, whose fame was so widely spread throughout the South of Europe. " St. Clair Baddclcy^ in the " Atheiiu'icm.^^ Pepper and Betel-nuts in Sumatra. — In a recently issued report from Sumatra, Consul Kennedy, reviewing the character and govern- ment of the Achinese, draws attention to the growth of Pepper in the country, upon which a tax of a dollar per picul (which equals about 133 English pounds) is levied in certain districts. Good in quality as the Sumatran Pepper is said to be, it is nevertheless a fact that some sorts are much superior to others ; thus, at one of the small ports now closed, Punta Raja, the Pepper obtained is of special excellence, owing perhaps to some peculiar qualities in the soil or climate of the valley where it is grown, while the Pepper from the west coast is distinguished from that of the east coast by the circumstance that it will keep better, on which account the west coast chiefs often hold it back until a rise in price favours the seller. Except an unascertained, but not considerable, quantity of the west coast Pepper which finds its way to Padang for transhipment to Europe, all the Acheen Pepper is brought for disposal to Penang, where it is sold to dealers who purchase for the European and other markets. In former times, before the war, a few American sailing vessels, and now and then an Italian or French ship, visited the Sumatran coasts to collect Pepper, which they took direct home, but this branch of trade has now been abandoned, and Penang is the almost exclusive market for the Sumatran Pepper crops. Before the war a considerable number of Achinese native-rigged craft existed, which used to bring Pepper for sale to Penang, taking back piece goods in exchange ; but these vessels have ceased to exist, and hence the purchase and export of Pepper is carried on exclusively on the Sumatran side of the Straits by a few European dealers and some Chinese. The Pepper imported from Acheen into Penang comes only to a very trifling extent from Great Acheen, the bulk of the industry being scat- tered up and down the east, west, and north coasts. In the table of exports generally from all Acheen to Penang the first item in the list is Betel-nuts (Areca catechu). This product is exported chiefly from the north coast of Acheen, and in addition to the quantity mentioned in the tables, which amounts to 6,506,783 piculs in 1882, 20S3 tons were sent to the Coromandel coast. The exportation of Betel-nuts, in fact, fairly holds its own as a flourishing branch of commerce, but if the export should appear more favourable in one year than in another it must be remembered that the crops may vary in quantity according to the weather, and also that a diminution of population, by diminish- ing the local consumption, tends to raise the amount available for exportation. A village may shrink from 2000 to 500 souls, but the Betel trees which the vil- lagers planted remiin. Canned Fruit Trade in San Francisco. ■ — In a report from San Francisco, under the head of " Canned Fruit and Vegetables," it is stated that this industry has vastly increased during the past few years, and promises still larger development. In the city of San Francisco and Oakland there are eight large canning establishments, and in other parts of the State there are a few large and many small ones. About a year ago the city canners entered into a combination for the protection of their several interests, forming an incorporated company. They selected one of their number as the sole purchaser of all the fruit and vegetables required by their can- neries, and this was strictly adhered to all through the year, and worked satisfactorily. It is estimated that these canneries pack over three-fourths of all that is packed in the State, and that more than half the fruit grown in the State is packed by them in the can- neries in San Francisco and Oakland belonging to them. In the exchange before referred to the following is given as the result of the year's packing, all the quantities being in pounds: — Apricots, 3,087,740; Asparagus, 115,050; Beans, 89,109; white Cherries, 543,458; dark Cherries, 288,689 J Currants, 475,321 ; Goose- berries, 102,418; Grapes (Muscat), 923,588; Grapes (Isabellas), 24,337 ; Peaches, 2,763,781 ; Bartlelt Pears, 2,216,484; Peas, 1,006,524; Damsons, 187,816 ; Egg Plums, 294,892 ; Golden Drop Plums, 141,014; Blue Plums, 153,509; Prunes, 151,390; Gages, 518,088; Raspberries, 60,132; Strawberries, 11,943 ; Tomatos, 5,844,031 ; Quinces, 246,613 ; Backberries, 412,798; Apples, 1,448,210. STA TE OF THE IS'EA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON, FoK THE Week ending AVednesday, July 18, 1883. Hj'gromc- tncal De- Barometer. Temperature of THE AIB. ductions from Glaisher's Wind. Tables 6lh 0 liditioii. 0 , u 6 z Z 1 2 , I'S .. I, 0 >,o oi S s h-l 0 2 i2 III s. ■^1 July In. In. 3 „ . ' . 0 0 In, 12 29.40 — 0.42 63.0 SS.SJ 7-5,57.8!- 4.6 53-6 36 s.w. o.M 13 29.56 -o.:6 70.2 5)-Si6.7'5g-7- 2.8!52.5 77J W.: S.W. 0.00 14 29.70 — 0.12 03.5 52,011.535.0 - 6.65,.9 89 W. 038 IS 29.74 —0.08 63.0 48. 114.9 S).o — 9-7 4^-= ^5 W. 0.07 t6 29.98 +0.17 60.7 14.S.6.253.6 — g.142.9 67 N.W. 0.00 17 2984 +0.03 62,5 52.5H1.ol56.1j- 6,6j48 9| 56 { W. : W.NW. 0.00 iS »9 75 —005 62.2 S0.311.9 56.7— 5-944.9 62 II N.W. 0.00 Mean 29.71 — O.IO 63.6 50.912.7 1 ' S6.i— 6.548.1 75 W. o.6g July 12. — Dull day ; rain from midnight. — 13. — Fine and bright, and cloudy alternately, night ; cloudless. 30 p M. till 7 P.M. Fine at Fine July 21, 18S3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 91 July 14.— Dull day mostly, sun shining at times. Thunder- storms from 13 r.M. Ull i p.m., and from 4 I'.M. till 4.30 I'.M. — 15.— Dull and cloudy. Thunderstorm at 6 p.m. Fine and cloudless at midnight. — 16.— Fine day, but dull. Fine night. — 17. — Dull day ; cold wind. Fine night. — 18.— Fine day; dull cold wind. Fine night; slightly misty. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending July 14 the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea increased from 29.90 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.93 inches by 9 A.M. on the Sih, decreased to 29. 82 inches by 9 a.m. on the Qlh, increased to 29.95 inches by midnight on the same day, decreased to 29.55 inches by 3 p.m. on Ihe I2th, increased to 29.7S inches by midnight on the 13th, decreased to 29.73 inches by 3 P.M. on the 14th, and was 29. Si inches by the end of the week. The mean reading for the week at the level of the sea was 29.79 inches, being 0.14 inch lower than last week, and 0.21 inch lower than the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 76°, on the Slh ; on the 1 2th ihe highest was t^". The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 70°.!. The lowest temperature in the shade in the week was 52°, on the I4lh ; on the Sth the lowest was 58". 2. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 55^5. The greatest range of temperatures was I7''.8, onthe Slh and lolh ; the smallest was 7^5, on the 12th, The mean of the seven daily ranges was 14". 6. The mean temperatures were— on the Sth, 64°.4 ; on the 9th, (y^ \ on the loth, 61°. S ; on the iith, 62.^1 ; on the 12th, 57°.S ; on the 13th, 59°.7 ; and on the 14th, 56" ; of these the first two were above their averages by 2°. 4, and 0^.9 ; the rest being below by o°.4, o^.s, 4°. 6, 2°.S, and 6*.6 respectively. The mean temperature was 6o°.7, being 3°. 6 below last week, and l°.6 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 144°, on the 8th. The mean of the seven readings was 125°.7. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was 45°. 5, on the 14th. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 47". S. Rain, — Rain fell on four days, to the amount of 0^.83 inch. England : Temperature. — During the week ending July 14 the highest temperatures were 7S°.6, at Cam- bridge, 77°.S at Nottingham, and 76° at Blackheath ; the highest, at Bristol, was 69'^, at Liverpool 69^.4, and at Bolton 69°. 5. The general mean was 72^9, The lowest temperatures in the week were 45°.S, at Bolton, 46" at Hull, and 46°. 4 at Wolverhampton ; the lowest temperature at Preston was 54°, at Brighton 53".2, and at Plymouth 52", 9. The general mean was 49°. S. The greatest ranges of temperature in the week were 31". 6, at Cambridge, 29". 5 at Nottingham, and 29" at Hull ; the least ranges were 14". 8, at Plymouth, I7°.4 at Bristol, and I7°.5 at Preston. The general mean was 23°. I. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Nottingham, 74°, at Cambridge 73*. 2, and at Hull 72* ; and was lowest at Liverpool, 64^6, at Bolton 65°, and at Bristol 65°.4. The general mean was 68°, 9. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 56°. I, at Preston 55°. 7, and at Blackheath 55°. 5 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 51", at Bolton 5i".3, and at Hull 51^.7. The general mean was 54°. 2. The mean daily range of temperature was greatest at Nottingham, 2i°.I, at Hull 20". 3, and at Cam- bridge 20°. i; and was least at Plymouth, 9°.S, at Liverpool 10^3, and at Bristol lo°.4. The general mean was I4^7. The mean temperature was highest at Nottingham, 61°. 6, at Leeds 6I^4, and at Cambridge 61". 3 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 56°.2, at Liverpool 57'. 6, and at Wolverhampton 58". The general mean was 59'. 6. Rain, — The largest fall was I. eg inch at Leicester, 0.S9 inch at Truro and 0.83 inch at Blackheath and Bolton ; the smallest falls were 0.19 mch at Sheffield, 0.26 inch at Nottingham, and 0.33 inch at Bradford. The general mean fall was 0.61 inch. Rain fell on every day in the week at Plymouth. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end- ing July 14 the highest temperature was 74°, at Aberdeen ; at Greenock the highest temperature was 68°. The general me?n was 70". S. The lowest temperature in the week was 45°, at Glasgow and Greenock ; at Dundee the lowest tem- perature was 48^ The general mean was 46". 5. The mean temperature was highest at Dundee, 59''-9; and lowest at Aberdeen, 5S°.2. The general mean was 5S°.9. Rain. — The largest fall was 1. 70 inch, at Greenock ; and the smallest was 0.85 inch at Edin- burgh, The general mean fall was 1.23 inch. JAMES GL.'MSIIER, F.R.S. Answers to Correspondents, Balsams : \V. Hendre 6^ Sous. Your strain appears to possess all the good qualities of the best type of double flowers. Those before us are of good size, well filled out, and of good substance. The mottled purple and mottled red flowers, the scarlets, and pure whites, are in every way first-class. Begonias : /. H. H. The flowers had all fallen off when they reached us, so that we could make nothing of them. Begonia Seedling : Polesdin. Not so good as many double varieties that have been exhibited, but no doubt very pretty on the plant. Though of not much com- mercial value, we should not destroy it. Books : Student. The last edition of the Treasury of Botany (Longmans) will probably meet your require- ments. — B. B. Hunter's Manual of Bee-Keeping. (Bogue). Calipornian Primulas: H. i, yes; 2, Watson's Botany of California, 2 vols., 410. Calvary Clover : A. R. The specimen sent to us, and figured by us, was considered at the time to be Medicago Echinus, but according to the books that species is, like M. hystrix, Italian. Boissier has a M. Galilasa, which may be the true plant, but any spiny- podded Medic will do. Crystal Palace Rose Show. — We omitted to state in our report that the 3d prize in the nurserymen's class for twenty-four single blooms, at the late Crystal Palace Rose Show, was won by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, with Roses grown in their new nursery at Bush Hill Park, Enfield. Figs : U. T. S. The causes that lead to the casting of the fruit of Figs are not clearly ascertained ; some varieties, and especially those that are growing grossly, are more subject to do so than otliers. Dryness at the roots will sometimes cause them to do so. — A. A. We know that Fig trees have been raised from seeds in this country, but there is no proof of any having been raised from seeds ripened in this country. Heating : A. B. If your houses are stoves, or are used for forcing purposes generally, you could eco- nomically work them from one boiler ; but if there are cool-houses or pits, it is more satisfactory to heat those separately, as a single boiler that can heat all of the structures in the cold season consumes too much fuel to perform the little work required of it in the summer, when the cool divisions require no artificial heat. If the one-boiler system suits your needs, by all means have a duplicate set alongside in case of accident, or to supplement the other in extraordinarily severe weather. Hydro-sulph.\te of Lime : W. G. The remedy you suggest is not a safe one to recommend for use when the Vines are fruiting, and we advise you to be cautious yourself. The proportion of one part to 200 is quite strong enough, and may be applied with safety to any- thing not intended for consumption. If you do apply it to Grapes, it should be syringed off within a quarter of an hour. Names of Plants : Harewood, Anagallis platy- phylla. — John Earl. Hartwegia purpurea. — C. II'. Bryum argenteum. — A", ifr" ^S. Gentiana saponaria. — y. Rose. Lychnis chalcedonica, propagated by divi- sion in early autumn. — John Guy. A garden variety of Oleander which we cannot name. — G. H. An AUanianda, not recognised. — C \V. Lactuca muralis, and Crepis virens. The moss next week. — G. y. L. Eryngium amethystinum. — W. B. G. Gnaphalium luteo-album. — A*, -;V. 1, send when iu flower; 2, Lysimachia vulgaris.— y. Phil/potts. Den- drobium chrysotoxum, — H. B., Sevenoaks. i. Vero- nica longifolia ; 2, Lychnis chalcedonica ; 3, Lylhrum salicaria ; 4, Spira;a Douglasii ; 5, Malva moschata ; 6, Campanula latifolia. — H. J . Ross. We cannot quite match your plant, but it appears to be a poor slate of Gladiolus gracilis or G. recurvus. — C. Dimmick b' Son. Hymenocallis macrostephana. — S. F. 6^ Co. Spircea aruncus. — iV. H. P. Tilia parvifolia.— W. F. Gunn. i, Triodia decumbens ; 2, Bronius sechalinus ; 3, Polypogon monspeliensis. — G, H. IV. Lathyrus sativus. — Alphj. 1, Nephrodium filix-mas, crested var. ; 2, Campanula muralis ; 3. C. isophylla ; 4, Spiraea aricef^olia. — De B. C. A garden variety of Pisum sativum. — IV. W. 1, 2, 3, Trifoliuni medium; 4, Lolium pcrenne ; 5, Trisetuni flavesceiis ; 6, Luzula campestris ; 7, Anthoxanlhum odoratum ; 8, Agrostis vulgaris. Onoclea sensibius ; C. M. O. It has no other claim to the specific name beyond the fact of its speedily withering when cut. Pelargonium Duchess of Albany : J. Lezaif. Your Regal variety appears to be a very nice one, but the flowers not having been gummed, had fallen to pieces when they reached us, and we can say no more. Pelargonium Sporting : y. V. There is nothing novel in a zonal Pelargonium sporting, but some varieties — Vesuvius, to wit — are more addicted to it than others. Pomegranate . G. P. Suppose a leathery dark crim- son funnel, an inch or more in length, the edge in- dented with five pointed lobes, and suppose a little globt: of crimson petals filling up the mouth of the funnel, and you will be able to form some idea of the general form of a Pomegranate flower. Is this what you mean by describing a flower in mild terms ? Stepiianotis : 7- •5'- Nothing unusual in strong, well- grown plants. Tasmanian Tree Ferns: F. IV, Dennis, Advertise them, or offer them to some of the nurserymen who deal in such plants. Twin-rose : T. Pope. Not at all an uncommon occur- rence in double flowers. Vegetable Marrow : J. Green. An ordinary case of adhesion of the fruit to tlie stem. Not at all an uncommon occurrence in the Cucurbitaceai. Vines : H. P. We cannot detect any trace of Phyl- loxera, or of any other insect. The rootlets are aU killed, either by loo much boltom-ht;at, or too strong doses of manure. Vine Shanking : U. T. S. Very probably the roots have got into too rich soil. Weed on Lawn : W. T. The Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris). We can only advise you to fork out as much as you can in the autumn, and encourage the grass to grow by dressing the lawn with nitrate of soda at the rate ot about 100 lb. to the acre. *»* All communications intended for publication should be addressed to the "Editor." and not to the PubUsher or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor would also be obliged by such communications being written on one side only of the paper and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. i£^ Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders are requested to send them to the Publisher of this journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to make them payable to William Richards, at the post- othce, Drury Lane, London, W.C. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem — Dutch Flower Roots, &c. Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin- burgh— Dutch and other Flower Roots. L, SfAth, 154, K u pn ickers trass e, Berlin — Dutch Bulbs, &c. C0.MMUNICAT10NS Keceived.— W. F. G.— S. Cock.— J. May (Retifiospora).— P. Fry.— W. B. G.— W. H. — E W. & S.— Doiilcon & Co.— J G B.— T. S. J.— J. Y.— J. G.— T. S.— H. L. C.-P. W.— John JefiFeries & Sons. iirhcts. COVENT GARDEN, July 19. [I'liE subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales- men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations are averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the ptices quoted as averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.] Heavy supplies still to hand. Currants lower. James f I 'ebber, \ \ liolesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sleboldii, per duzen . . ..12 Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen . . ..6 — (common), dozen 6 Begonias, per doz. ., 6 Bouvardia, doz. ..12 Calceolarias, dozen... 4 Ccckscombs, doz. .. 4 Culeus, doz. . . . . 3 Dracaena term. doz. 30 — viridis, per doz. . . 12 Ei ica, various, doz. 12 E uonymus, various, per dozen ,. ., g Evergreens, in var., per dozen .. . . 6 Ferns, in variety, per dozen . . . . 4 .r. d. s. d. 0-10 o 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-18 o 0-90 0-90 0-60 0-60 o 0-24 o 0-36 o 0-18 o 0-24 o 0-18 o i. d. s, d. Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . . . 2 o-io o Fuchsias, per dozen 6 0-12 6 Hydrangea, per. doz. g 0-24 o Lilium iongilloium, per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o Liliums, various, per dozen . . . .12 0-30 o Lobelias, per dozen 30-60 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ..12 0-24 o Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. a 6- g o — decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o Spir9ea, per dozen ..8 0-12 o Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Abutilon, 12 bunches 2 Arum LiUes, per doz. 3 Bouvardias, per bun. 1 Canterbury Bell, bun. i Carnations, 12 bims. i — 12 bunches . . 3 Cornflower. 12 bun., i Dahlias, 12 bun . . 6 Delphinium, p. bun. o EnchariE, per doz. .. 4 Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2 Gardenias, 12 bIms.. 3 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Lapageria, white, 12 blooms . . . . 3 — red, 12 blooms., i Liiac (French), bun. 4 Liliums, 12 bun. ..12 Marguerites, 12 bun. 6 d, s. d, 0-40 0-60 0-16 o- z o 0-30 o o 4 O ■ I O 0-60 0-30 6-70 0-18 o 0-90 Mignonette, 12 bun. Marigolds, iz bun. . . Myoaoiis, or Forget- me-nut, p. 12 bun. Pelargoniums, i2spr. — zonal, 12 sprays Pinks, 12 bunches .. Primula, double, bun. Pyrethrnni, 12 bun . . Roses (indoor), doz. — (outdoor), 12 bun. — coloured, doz . . Spirsa, 1 2 bunches . . Stephanotis, 12 spr. Stocks, 12 bunches. . Sweet Peas, 12 bun. Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. Tropffiolum, 12 bun. White Jasmine, bun. s. d, s. d. 6 O- Q o 20-40 20-60 0 g- I o 30-60 20-60 10-16 30-60 20-60 30-60 3 c- 8 o 6 0-12 o 16-30 40-90 30-60 40-60 1 O- 2 O 10-16 92 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 21, 1883. ..40-* Fruit.- Cherries, J^-sieve .. 46-90 Currants, Black, J^- sieve — Red, J^-sieve Figs, per dozen Grapes, per lb. Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33; Vegetables— A VEHAGE Petail Prices. s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, 30-40 ■Average Wholesale Prices. s, d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ..15 0-20 o Melons, each . . 20-36 Peaches, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o 30-50; Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-36 20-30 — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o 10-30 Strawberries, per lb. o 3- o g per doz, Asparagus (Sprue), per bundle .. 26- .. — English, bund... 36-80 Beans, Fr. grown, lb. 04-.. — Jersey, perlb. .. 06-.. Beet, per doz, . . 10- . . Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20 Carrots, new, p. bun. 10-.. Cauliflowers, Eng- lish, dozen . . 20-30 Celery, per bundle . . 16-.. Cucumbers, each ..06-10 Endive, French, per dozen .. ..20-.. Garlic, per lb. ..10-.. Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04 POTATOS. -Jersey Kidneys, 5^. 1075.; . _ per cwt. ; Kent Kidneys, £7 per ton ; Myatt's ^6 per ton. s. d. s. d. Horse Radish, bund. 40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per dozen .. ..10-.. — Cos, per dozen ,.16-.. Mint, green, bunch., o 6- . . Mushrooms, p. baslct. 10-20 Onions, per bunch .. 06- .. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch,, o 4- . . Peas, English, quart i c- . . Radishes, per doz. .. 1 6- .. Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-.. Small salading, pun. 04-.. Spinach, per bushel 36-.. Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- . . Tomatos, per lb. ..10-.. Turnips, new, bun. 04-.. Vegt. Marrows, each 04-09 Rounds, 5.r. to 6s., SEEDS. London : ^2i/y iS. — In the absence of business there is no variation to be noted in the value of any description of farm seeds. New Trifolium and Trefoil, although offered at comparatively moderate rates, fail to meet with buyers. Advices from Ireland speak very favourably of the prospects of the grass seed crops. In feeding Lin- seed the tendency is upwards, 'j^ohn Skaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Af ark Lane, London, B.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday Wheat sold more readily, and prices ruled from the extreme of the preceding Monday's rates to 6d. advance. Indian Wheat showed the most improvement. Flour supports late value more steadily, but was not quotably dearer. Barley, with a moderate inquiry, brought steady value, Oats were firm, at ^d. to 6d. above the rates current on Monday se'nnight. Maize sold slowly, at 6d. dechne on the week. Beans were about as last reported, and foreign Peas rather easier. — On Thursday Wheat was firm, and 6d. over Monday's rates was in some cases obtained. In flour the tendency was rather in favour of the seller. There was not much passing in Barley, Beans, or Peas, but all were fairly firm. Maize was quiet, and Oats found firm market, a fair amount of business being concluded at fully Monday's currency. — Average prices of corn for the week ending ]uly 14 : — Wheat, 42J. 2d.; Barley, zgs. 2d. ; Oats, 24J. id. For the corresponding period last|year: — Wheat, 48J. sd. ; Barley, 261. 5^. ; Oats, 25^. 3d CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday the supply of cattle was scanty. Canadians sold at $s. ^d. to 55. Sd. ; Danish at 4J. 8d. to 5^. ^d. ; and Swedish at 4^. 6d. to 5^. per 8 lb. The general tone of the trade was slow, in consequence of the stiff prices required. There was a very good market for small sheep, and rather higher rates were obtained. Lambs sold irregular, but not currently dearer. Calves met a moderate demand. Quotations: — Beasts, 4J. 6d. to 5^. ^d., and <,s. Sd. to 6s. 4d. ; calves, 5^. to 5J. lod. ; sheep, 55. Sd. to 6s. zd., and 6j. 6d. to ys. — On Thursday beasts sold slowly at about the above qnoted prices. Sheep were firmer at rather better quotations. Lambs were dull and drooping, and calves and pigs were quiet. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states supplies were good, and trade rather dull at the following prices : — Prime Clover, io$s. to 120s. ; inferior, 60^. to yos. ; best meadow hay, 70s. to gos. ; inferior, 40J. to 50J. ; and straw, 30J. to 40J. per load. — On Thursday the sup- ply was rather short, and trade steady. Best hay and straw were dearer. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old meadow hay, 841. to 96J. ; inferior, yos. to y6s. ; new, 705. to 8or. ; %uperior old Clover, ii2j. to izos. ; inferior, 84.S. to gSs. ; new, 70^. to looj. ; and straw, 38s. to 43J. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that supplies have been good and the demand steady, as follows :— Cherbourg flukes, ys. to Bs. ; ditto round, 6s. 6d. to ys. ; Jersey kidneys, ys. to Bs. ; ditto round, ys. ; Kent kidneys, 10s. ; and Essex shaws, ys. per cwt. — The imports into London last week were : — 4928 packages from Jersey, 90 Bordeaux, and 18 from Seville. COALS. The following are the prices current at market during the week : — Ravensworth West Hartley, 14^-. gd. ; Walls End— Hetton, iSj. ; Hetton Lyons, 15^. 6d. and i6j^. ; Lambton, lys. 6d. ; Wear, 155. 6d. and 165. ; Caradoc, iSs. 3d. ; East Hartlepool, lys. 3d. ; South Hartlepool, \6s. 3d. ; Thornley, lys. ; Tees, 185. 3d. Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday at 99^ to 99I 'for delivery, and 99^1 ^^ 99i-j for the account. Tuesday's closing figures were 99yiv ^^ 99u) ^°^ delivery, and 99I to 99I for the account. The final quotations of Wednesday and Thursday were 99I to 99-! for delivery, and ggj-^ to 99^-^ for the account. Amortiser.— Amortiser.— Amortiser. To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET GARDENERS and OTHERS. STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly. Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists, more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu- able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &c. When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample Cans, 4^ gallons, 3^. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for Large Quantities. Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E. ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from 1 to 20Z. to the gallon ot soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparatior s intended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., 3s.. & tos. td. AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis- hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part. GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com- fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies, Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd. anH ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limiied), London. FLORAL GUM. This Gum is §;uaranteed to effectually secure the petals of flowers from falling. It is easily applied — dries instantaneously — and leaves no stain on the blossom. Universally afpy oved of by ike leading Florists and Growers. {Sec Testimonials ) " 18, Westbourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883. " Gentlemen, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some years. It fixes the petals of flowers without injuring or staining lhem.-Yours faithfully, „ j^g jj pQUNCE AND SONS." " Messrs. Hawes & Crisf." CRYSTAL GUM .. 25. oif. pint. 3^. 6r^. quart. 12J. gallon OPAQUE ,, .. IS. 6rf. „ 2j. 9 STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS, 6 feet by 4 feet. 2S. 6d. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet long, 6i; TRELLISING, from^J^rf. square foot. HURDLES, from 35. ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from 6s. HANGING BASKETS from 6d. GATES, FENCING; NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application. BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.-Estab. 1769. BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches in diameter, and up to 16 leet. The largest importer in England. P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Mantu-es, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, qo. Lower Thames St., London, E.C. July 21, 18S3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.. 93 Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with kaiseu BLACK-FACED LETTERS, The Vardeners' Magazine says :— " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free, J. SMITH, The knyal Label Factory, Stra^ford^n-Avon. SILVER SAND DIRECT FROM PITS. For lowest price, write HENBT WILKEBSON, LEIGHTON BUZZARD. OrcUd Baskets. SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal Te.ik ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper Wire, from 6x. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London, E.G. UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE DAY, SON & HEWITT, Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the "ORIGINAL" STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS, For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle, Calves, Sheep and Lambs, And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines ever known as " Day's." Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery," £^2 i6j. dd. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain. CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the name, DAT. SON & HEWITT, Is on all Bottles and Packets. DAY, SON & HEWITT, 22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON, AND WANTAGE, BERKS. Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles. m%m\ ^iM THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially ^,„„,OT™.ai.-« suited for KITCHEN -t^^ts^ts"— ^■^ GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, ^«»— take up little room, and, -^ once put down, incur no .^& . further labour or expense, ^- ::^ as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W, ; Kingsland Road, £. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES" PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies, &c. , from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kuchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Pavmg of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. I L "v E R S~ AND, fine or coarse gra-in as desired. Price, by post, per Ton orTruckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. s 0\J^ 21 oz. Foreign, of the foUowlng 0^0 * sizes. In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, » 3ds and 4thB qualities always kept In stock :— 14X12 16X12 18X12 20 X 12 20X14 20x16 16X14 20X15 22X 16 18X14 i8xi6 24X16 20x18 22x18 24X18 Stock Lists and Prices on application. All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obuined from GEORGE FAK3SIIL0E & SONS, GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS, H St John'i Street. West Smlthlleld, London, Ra BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by i2in , aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by i3 in., in i6>oz. and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 2oo-ft. and 3Q0-ft. cases. TONE EDGING for KITCHEN GARDENS or Walks under Trees, &c., 10 to 12 inches deep, 3 to 4 feet long, made from the best Yorkshire F^lagstone ; indestructible. Price, ready for laying, \s. per lineal yard. Also Flags and Steps for Conservatories, Terraces, &c. — Address, THE GREAT SLEAD QUARRY. Brighouse, Yorkshire. TEN SILVER AWARDED MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, ^ Weston- suriiR- MAKE, Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to ^o inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green; ORCHID. FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS. RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post- free. Sheet of Designs, CY. Book of Designs, \$. ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS, for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c. Thi-". Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of it by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere. Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c. Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps. FRANCIS AND CO., Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton Garden, E C. kHICHCATE ROAD .LONDON.N.W^- BAYLISSJONES&cBffiLISS CflTALOGUCS FRtt. Manufactory iVictonaWorks.'Wolverhamptoni LONDON OFFICES.3,CROOKEBLANE,KIWKWILLWIV1SL£C. RICHARDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS 'i^^^iil 5c =^3 ^ ^S StCTION OF PATENT ROOF VCNTIIJ^TOR Hot-water Apparatus fixed in any part of the Kingdom and Guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers, DARLINGTON. TENANT'S FIXTUKE GREENHOUSES, made in lights and easily erected, lower part framed and panelled ; painted two colours. Improved Ventilating Gearing for houses over 12 feet long. Glazed with 21-0Z. Glass, and Painted 3 coats of good oil colour. Specimen size, 1 2 feet by S feet, ^25 3s. 6i. For brickwork, ;{;2o. liEAN-TO HOUSES for building against existing walls, similar to above. 15ft. by lofeet, ^24, or for brick- work, £,\q. Portable Cu- cumber Frames, painted 3 coats, glazed 21-oz, glass. 2-light Frame, 6 feet by 8 feet, ^3 4^. 6d. LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Student?, &c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 5^. 6 SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW riTv P^^^y- Shrewsbury. WEDNESDAY and THURS- SctVA"^"!-' '1^"** '^;, ^OU^ HUNDRED POUNDS in funi'aluSm ^° '^'"^'^' ^^^' ^=°- ^■5- S'^^^^"'- -^ ShrewsbuJ^f'"''' ^^^^'^ ^"° NAUNTON. Hon. Sec. W\^n^rlSJ>^^^^^ AGRICULTURAL tT SOCIETY -MEETING AT COVENTRY. 1883 President— The Earl of Warwicic. heM*^^^h^^c:i,"^^^'^^>'^U^^L EXHIBITION will be held on the Show Ground, on TUESDAY and WEDNES- ' ihZi'JT " ^^1?^- J^*= Schedule of Prizes ofTered by the Society, open to all England, may be had of Mr. THOS. WKSSTQN^jW^^P , Coventry. i /-^ TLT A r. T T^ Carnations and Picotees. ' nHARLES TURNER'S fine Collection of \ Ti,= -KT .• 1*^^ .^^ ^""^ "°* '" good bloom. 1 on Tue^dav'"h 1v°''"^A^'''>"-^^ ^J" ^''^''^'"O" ^t the Nursery, on luesday. July -11. Admission free. J The Royal Nurseries, Slough. T¥ ?°^^S IN POTS.-S^eraUh^uilnds ■ lM„f V? -l' f 'x3",' ■'"I'lly. and full of buds, includine a fine Wce?'ratnS,"' N.phe.os-.he ,a„er-,u severaf ^ife"! i Wu|h sS."""'"''''^ Nurseries. Golden Farmer, Fam- D. ll ^,??^¥^' '^^'" '<" ""^"V Vears, indeed exceedlo^T:,''""' >""".■■ 87? " -S^S. The blooming plants OMt LonSn ' ""f "'"1''^^ "^ •*""' anywhere The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herls. 1 One mile Irom Cheshunt Station, G.E.R. TULY IN THE GARDEN. O What to Sow. T HE BEST CABBAGES and LETTUCES. CABBAGE. — CARTERS' HEARTWELL EARLY MARROW— Pronounced to be the finest early Cabbage in cultivation. Very distinct. Indispensable both for the gentleman's garden and for market purposes. In sealed packets only -zs. per ounce ; fid. and i.r. per packet, post-free. Carters' Heartwell Cabbage was awarded the First Prize in a competition of 20 varieties at the Great International Exhibition held in Manchester, August 24, 1881. CABBAGE. — CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART.— The best main-crop Cabb.ige ; large firm heads of exquisite flavour, invaluable both for table and exhibition. In sealed packets, is. per ounce, is. per packet, post-free. pABBAGE. — CARTERS' MINIATURE Vy DRUMHEAD.— An early, globular-shaped Cabbage, of delicate flavour and good colour, is. per ounce, 6d. per packet,* post-free. ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE COS.— The largest, most delicious, and best summer Cos Lettuce in cultivation. No tying required, Heads very solid and crisp eating. 2s. 6d. per ounce, 6a'. and is. per packet, post-free. ETTU CE. — DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS.— Very hardy and crisp. 2j. per ounce, 6d. and ij. per packet, post-free. T ETTUCE.— ALL THE YEAR ROUND. ■*~^ — Crisp and compact. If sown at intervals it will provide Lettuces all the year round. 25. per ounce, 6d. and is. per packet, post-free. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command to H.R_H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holboro, London. W.C. pREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c., V-^ in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these plants being in pots, may be moved now. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, Lilies, &o. p G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, vy. Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and may be had on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London, E.C. Peacies. Nectarines, Melons, Grapes, Tomatos, and OTHER CHOICE FRUITS. WILLIAM DENMAN, Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, W. C. is prepared to RECEIVE LARGE or SMALL CONSIGNMENTS of the above. Un- known senders aie requested to communicate before sending. To tlie Horticultural Trade, &c. WILLIAM DENMAN, Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden. W.C. will be pleased to RECEIVE COMMISSIONS from Provincial Nurserymen and others in any matters connected with Horticulture. N.B —A large stock of German LILY of the VALLEY CROWNS, and BELGIAN SPIRVEAS, for DISPOSAL at low prices. WANTED, EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, strong flowering established bulbs. PHILLIPS AND CO. have to offer 150 Store Pots of EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. lo to 12 good strong bulbs, in 6, 7. and 8 inch pots, price i8f. per dozen pots : also STATICE HOLFOKDII, ins and 6 inch pots, i8r. per dozen. For cash or useful EXCHANGE. , ) , . . 1 II The Torbay Nurseries; Toi'qflay. IVTESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM, ,^'-*- Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Maiket, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and L.ibels supplied. Terms and references on application. WANTED, 10,000 narrow-leaved GOLDEN , „„ EUONYMUS CUTTINGS. Quoie price per ,000. J. BREWIN, Florist, Farm Lane. Walham Green, Fulham.S.W. W ANTED, PELARGONIUM »T CUTTINGS, best market varieties. LIST of sorts and pr'Ce per 100 or rooo to J. YATES, DICKSON and CO., 18, Ale.-sandiia Road, Mancnester. WANTED, SNOWDROPS, Single and " " Double. Sample and price to FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seedsmen, Norwich. WANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES, GRAPES, MELONS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS &c. Also Mar&hal Niel ROSES. EUCHARIS ORCHIDS ORANGE BLOSSOM, GARDENIAS, &c ' WISE and RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen. Covent Garden. TyANTED, about Fifty Fruiting and Succes- ;„ ,.V.°,"„'3''«n PINES. Price and particulars o W. KNIGHT AND CO., Nurserymen, Ore, Hastings. For Sowing in July. BUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST. From Mr. J. Darbvshire. Gardener to W. Smith, Esq., Wilmslow. May 16, 1883.— " I got First Prize with your Per- fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked." Price, I J. 6d., is. 6d., and 5r. per packet, post-free. UTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST. From Mr- H. K. Ward, Gardener to W. H. Budgetl, Esq., Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1883.—" Your Cineraria is the best strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with them three years in succession. Your strain look the First Prize against fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a finer half- dozen plants could scarcely be got together." Price, IS. 6d. , 2s. 6d. , and 5s. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS'~"PRIMULA. THE BEST. From F. J. Walker. Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3, 1883.—'* I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan- themum and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot be surpassed." Price, IS. 6i/., 2i. 6d., ^s. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free. UTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST. " The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con- servator)? entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of all my friends. "—J. Darlington, Esq., Netherwood. Price, ij., i,r. 6d.t 2s. 6d., and 55. per packet, post-free. BUTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST. From Miss Dunsterville, Airdie, Malvern Link. Feb. 3, 1883.— "The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show." Price, 2S. 6d. and 5s. per packet, post-free. s UTTON AND SONS The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. BERKS. /-1HOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and W HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— loo for aSs : 200, 6or. ; 300 loof.; 400, I40i.: 500, 20or. Distinctspecies, established in pots. SAXIFRAGES. — 100. 28r. : 200. loor., distinct species and var. CATALOGUE on application. STANSFIELD BROS.. Soulhport. Eaat Lothian Intermediate Stoolra. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS beg to offer their choice strain of the above, in four colours, viz., Scarlet, Purple, White, and Crimson, at ir., 2s. 6d., and ss. each colour. Price to the Trade on application. 15, Princes Street. Edinburgh. RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket '• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials. Post-free on application. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston. Birmingham. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, Sea. T3UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb -L* Gkowers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post- free on application. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and double; PYRETHRUMS, single and double: PHLOXKSand TEA ROSES : CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED. CATALOGUES gratis and post-free. N Tea Roses -Tea Roses. fyHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL -L COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full particulars on application to The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool. OTICE.— Intending planters should visit .„^o^,?'"' Nurseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarfc ROSES are no* in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety, in faU bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNA-' MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting.. 150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Beikhamsted, Herts. /^RCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers V^' to pay us a visit and inspect our houses. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63. P ~^ I M U L A sT -L TOMKINS' CELEBRATED PRIMULAS. This years' crop is noiv harvested and Seed is exceptionally fine. All first-class varieties. In packets. 2r, 6J. and sr. each. Best terms to the Trade. Address, THE NURSERIES. Spark Hill, near Birmingham. BTo the TradS AUMFORTH'S SEEDLING RASPBERRY. Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on application. EDMUND J-HILIP DIXON, Hull. QTRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from twenty kJ 'choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box of plants with fruit, 4d. " Manual on Slrawberry Culture "&/ W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield. _ Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed. • -■ (^HARLES SHARPE and CO. V^ have the above to offer. Samples and prices on applica- tion. Sleaford.— July, 1883. 98 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. SALES BY AUCTION. Tuesday Next. SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. ^8, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, July 31, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, in consequence of change of residence, the first portion of the Scientific Library of Mons. Boncatd, Vovaaeur Naturaliste, containing many valuable Works, such as the IBIS, MISSION SCIENTIFIQUE DU' MEXIQUE, Works of LESSON. SCHOOLCRAFT, CHENU, ANNALES DE LA SOClfiTE LINNEENE. and TRANSACTIONS of the GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, &c- On view after 2 o'Ciock the day prior and morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. ONCIDIUM CRISPUM, MILTONIA SPECIES, DEN- DROBIUM DALHOUSIANUM, VANDA PARISHI, SACCOLABIUM GIGANTEUM. VANDA ROX- BURGHI, VANDA DENISONIANA, DENDRO- BIUM FORMOSUM, D. JAMESIANUM, &c. MR. T. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT, August z, imported Plants of the above : also a plant of CATTLEYA SUPERBA SPLENDENS, in flower, fine variety. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms andOflices, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Thursday Next. CATTLEYA WAGNERI. CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZI. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander; to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. i8. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. August 2, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely, a grand importation of CATTLEYA WARSCE- WICZI, Rchb. f., the true species discovered by Watscewicz ; also a small but fine lot of CATTLEYA WAGNERI, and other importations. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT, Aupist 2, about 50 lb. of ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED. Also about 200 strong tubers of RANUNCULUS LV^ALLI, the Mountain Lily of New Zealand, and ALPINE PLANTS from the same locality. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices, aS.King Street, Covent Garden,W. C. Thursday Next. CATTLEYAS and L/ELIAS, various. ODONTOGLOSSUMS received direct, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 2, about 40 masses of CATTLEYAS and LjELIAS, received direct, in fine condition : also 3 large cases of ODON- TOGLOSSUM CRISPUM and species, received direct. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Oflices,38. King Street, Covent Garden,W.C. Thursday Next. CATTLEYA MOSSLB and C. SPECIES. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tionsfrom Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., of Colchester, to inclilde in his SALE by AUCTI'>N, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 2, about 50 lots of CATTLEYA MOSSI/E (selected varieties) and C. SPECIES, collected with the former, but very distinct in character, with short red bulbs and broad leaves. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. Established Orchids, Falms, Dracsenas, Stephanotls, FICUS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include about 50 lots ol the above in his SALE, on THURSDAY, August 9. from the Royal Exotic Nursery. Tooting. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices. 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. Established Orchids. &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION on THURSDAY, August 9, about 70 lots of fine ESABLISHED ORCHIDS and NEPEN- THES in variety from a private collection : also 60 lots of good established plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAN- DRA, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Preliminary Announcement. la:lia elegans. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AQCTION. at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, a very grand importation of L^LlA ELEGANS. Further par- ticulars will shortly appear. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. L/ELIA ELEGANS, VANDA SANDERTANA, CATTLEYA GIGAS, IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT, July 31, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a splendid lot of imported masses of CATTLEYA GIGAS IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars. : LyELIA ELEGANS, fine imported specimens ; CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR, VANDA SANDERIANA, and other choice ORCHIDS, the whole in first-claes con- dition. View morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8, New Broad Street. E.C. Tuesday Next. IMPORTED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their large Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, luly 3t, at half-past ra o'clock precisely, CATTLEYA BOGOTENSIS, C. PERCIVALIANA, ODONTOGLOSSUM, new species, O. ALEXANDRA, O. PESCATOREI, O. VEXILLAR- lUM, and other valuable ORCHIDS, by order of Mr. F. Sander. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION.'at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, about 150 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from various collections, including several rare and valuable species, together with a few lots ot ORCHIDS in FLOWER. EnvUle Gardens, Stourbridge. About 5 miles from the Stourbridge Stations. IMPORTANT SALE of CHOICE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Countess of Stamford and Warrington to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, August I, at 2 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of beautifully grown ORNA- MENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS for the Stove and Green- house, including handsome Tree Ferns, which embrace some of the finest examples of Dicksonia antarctica ever offered, several stately Palms, Ixoras, Crotons — many fit for exhibition, Anthuriums, well-grown Caladiums, fifty specimen Eucharis, splendidly furnished plants, in fine condition, &c. On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues of Mr. GREEN, on the Premises; or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C. N.B. — A wagonette will meet certain trains on the day^of Sale, to convey intending purchasers to the Gardens. (See Catalogue. ) Friday Next. CATTLEYA MENDELLI. CATTLEYA SANDERIANA. CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander 10 SELL by AUC- TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 3, at halfpast 12 o'clock precisely, very splendid importations of CATTLEYA MEN- DELLI, SANDERIANA, and GASKELLIANA, together with a fine consignment of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAN- DRA, and other ORCHIDS. • On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C. Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that they have made special arrange- ments for very extensive consignments of DUTCH BULBS of the best quality during the ensuing season. The FIRST SALES will take place at their Rooms on AUGUST 20, 23, 27, and 30, and will consist of lots made up particularly for the "I'rade and other large buyers. Gentlemen desirous of receiving Catalogues throughout ihe season can have a regular supply on application to the Auc- tioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E C, and enclosing twelve stamps. London. FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY BUSINESS, with an extensive connection in Land- scape Gardening and Jobbing. There are two Nurseries, held at the low rental together of £6g, and well situate, in the midst of a fashionable Residential District, only 4 miles from the City and West End. Returns £\oao per annum. Books open for inspection. Owner retiring, and will sell the whole concern at a reasonable offer, about ;£2soo, which includes Greenhouses, Lease, Goodwill, the immense and varied Stock in Trade, Horses, Carts, and everything complete. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C. Investment.— Important to Orchid Growers. 15 miles from London. FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS—proprietor wishmg to devote his whole time to another Business iq which he is engaged. Capital opeaine for Growing Orchids. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New Broad Street. E.C— (Folio 5865.) ^_^___ OR sale7~sidcup hill nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock, Leases, Business Structures, &c, of this Nursery are to be immediately disposed of For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address. INVESTMENT.— A most comfortable, newly erected MODERN RESIDENCE, at Twickenham, close ; to the Station and the river Thames— Dming-room, 24 x 18 ; Billiard-room same size, two other Reception-rooms, seven Bedrooms, Stabling, Grounds half an acre in extent, tastefully laid out ; fine Orchid and Plant-houses, with all modern im- provements. The whole most suitable to a Gentleman with a taste tor horticulture. Price. ;£23oo. Address, D., Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, who will give cards to view. O BE LET, ON LEASE, a good JOBBING and LOCAL BUSINESS, upon favourable terms. Apply to Mrs. G. SMITH, ToUington Nursery, ToUington Park, Hornsey Road, N. TMILLINGTON AND CO., English • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants, 43, Commercial Street, E. TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots— Mari£chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 50J. per 100. BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds, including Alfred Neuner, price 4or. per loo. W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster. Boses on Own Boots. /'CATHERINE MERMET, V^ GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE D'OR, &c. Strong plants, 12 in. to 15 in. high. -js. per dozen, carriage paid. MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol. To tlie Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns. MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now offering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 72's, at 20s. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending purchasers) sent on application, is. per too package. Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry. KNIGHTON (LEICESTERSHIRE) FLOBAL and HORTICULTURAL SHOW , August 2. To be held in the Grounds of T. Fielding Johnson, Esq. , Brookjidds, Knighton. Open Class. Entries close July 30. Entrance Fee, 5^. PLANTS (not less than 8 varieties). Flowering, Foliage, or both.— ist Prize, £1 3^. ; 2d, j:^'2 is. ; 3d, £,1. is. ROSES (not less than 12 trusses), Distinct Var- ieties.— 1st Prize. £,1 2S. : 2d, £i is. COLLECTION of FRUIT.— ist Prize, ^i is.; 2d, los. 6d. CUT FLOWERS (12 Varieties).— ist Prize, £1 IS. ; 2d, 10s. td. Entries to be sent to Knighton, Leicester. Mr. E. S. STONE, or X„ c Mr. G. E. BOUSKELL, ( "°"- ^^"• SEEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.— Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited to call and inspect stock of above at the Monifieih Nurseries, near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR. For Sale. D STEWART, Ferndown Nurseries, Wim- • borne, Dorset, has for Sale a quantity of good Fruiting ORANGE TREES, inlargepotsand tubs, 3 to 5 feet stems, and heads from 310 5 feet through. Price about 10 guineas per pair. Now in Full Bloom. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors. Railway Stations— Catford Bridge. 5 minutes' walk : Forest Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery. Forest Hill. CATALOGUE, new and descriptive. — Alpines and Hardy Perennials, comprising 2000 species. Post-free on application.— STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Southport. YACINTHS. — HYACINTHS. — In harvesting our Hyacinths some time ago we were astonished to see the bulbs looking so grand and healthy this season. We really do not think to have had such a fine crop this last four years. Therefore we recommend our Customers to order at once to secure the very best stuif. Special offers for large quantities. SEGERS AND CO., Bulb Growers, Lisse, near Haarlem, Holland. Notice.— Inspection Invited, THOMAS S. WARE has much pleasure in informing his numerous patrons and all others interested in HARDY PLANTS, that a large portion of his Collection is now in flower, including the following :— PINKS, a grand collection, including Mrs. Sinkins, the finest white ever sent out ; PICOTEES and CARNATIONS, including Gloire de Nancy, and all of the best leading varieties ; grand collections of PENTSTEMONS, POTENTILLAS, and DELPHINIUMS. LILIUMS are in fine condition- thousands of such grand varieties as colchicum, pomponium verum, pardalinum, pumilum, Humboldtii, Parryi, californicum, parvum, giganteum, pardalinum, Washingtonianum, and many others, are either in full bloom or will be in a few days : as well as many other BULBOUS PLANTS, CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE. ORCHIS HIRCINA, O. FOLIOSA, and a host of other first-class HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London. BULB SEASON, 1883. GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others, by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may obcain the FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES. Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER. SEED, and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.C. IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (soma of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb- ing and bedding, from 12s. to 24J. per dozen, strong planU. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed , Merchants, Worcester. _ Primulas — Primulas — Primulas. Fourteenth Year of Distribution. WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN, rr. 6d?. per dozen, lor. per loo. CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage free. ' The above are quite equal to those I have sent out in previous years. Cash with order. JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. Special Offer of Spring BROCCOLI and CELERY PLANTS, viz.: 1 Carters' Champion, Cattell's Eclipse, Early White, Late White, Brimstone, Veitch's Autumn Giant CAULIFLOWER, and other Autumn BROCCOLI, 5s. per 1000. 100,000 Red and White transplanted CELERY, 71. 6d. per 1000. 100.000 ditto, from seed bed, 5r. per 1000. Strong and well rooted. Post-office Orders must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents. Delivered free on lail. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford. f^HADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED. V_^ —This seed has been grown by careful selection lor six- teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant— selling Ihe Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough —feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price 71. per pound in small quantities ; 51. 6d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards For Cash only. Apply to Mr. RANDELL, Chadbury, near Evesham. July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 99 AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA (Grigor's, guaranteed True). Fine young plants of the above beautiful Columbine, to bloom next spring, 301. per 100, or ts, per dozen. Also Seed, just gathered, at -is. dd. and 5^. per packet, from JOHN GRIGOR and CO.. The Nurseries, Forres, N.B. The Trade supplied at Wholesale Prices. To the Trade only. EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery- • MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland. The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. ifi'^fC) of Dutch Flower Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rooted Plants for 1883-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen. EABLT FOBCINO BULBS. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS. DOUBLE ROMAN .ind PAPER- WHITE NARCISSUS. siLVtR Meoal-1891. Bronze MtoAL-i8si. B. S. WILLIAMS Begs to announce that he has received his usual annual con- signments of the above bulbs. As they are invaluable for early forcing, early orders are solicited, which will have prompt and immediate attention. The Bulbs are unusjtally fine this year. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, Upper Holloway, London, N. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. ^d. per bushel : loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40J. ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 61^. psr sack; BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,' 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 22s. ; sacks, COARSE SILVER SAND. is. goT. per bushel ; 151. per half ton, 26f per too ; in 2 bushel bags, \d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD. IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. Ss. 6i. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write forFree Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 11, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. 12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids. Stove Plants. &c.. (.6 6i. per Truck- BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant Beds, 155. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, is ; 5 Bags. 22J. 6if. ; 10 Bags, 4sr. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj. bd. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 521. per Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, {.i per Truck of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons. WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station. Hants. COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, \s. per bag, including bag. Truck-load, 25,1., free on rail, Ux- bridge, G.W.R, Order accompanied by remittance will insure prompt attention. J. H. VAVASSEUR and CO.. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Mills, Uxbridge, Middlesex. OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. -^d. each, or IS sacks, igf. ; 30 sacks, ;^i 5^., sacks included. Truck-load, loose, 3'f. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-ioad free on to lail. Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab- ished 1872 -J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard, and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W. Important Discovery. For Cleansing Plants from Aphides and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame- rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale, &c., and for Washing all Hard- Wooded Plants, always use HUDSON'S SOAP. A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water. A strong solution thickened with clay makes an effective Winter Dressing. Testimonial. " Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880. "We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard- wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with this testimonial, and remain, yours truly, (Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO." BEMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE ! of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING BY USING HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP. Amortlser.— Amortlser. — Amortlser. To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET GARDENERS and OTHERS. QTEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER >~J INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly, Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists, more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu- able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special Preparation of the Amortlser for Watering the Ground which Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wueworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &c. When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample Cans, A,'i gallons, 31. td., tin included. Special Quotations for Large Quantities. Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E. To Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria. To His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits UiE CHUBB, ROUND AND CO.'S Patknt COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE By CHUBB^S PATENT PROCESS, As supplied to all ike Royal Gardens and Principal Nurseries of Europe. Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from any Foreign Intermixture, Manufactured on the premises from the famous '* Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be obtained from us direct. This article is net to be confused with so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny, Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar- dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ; in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs, Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c. DESTBOYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS. A71 elegant Bordering to Fl(nver Beds. Combines warmth aitd cleanliness with valuable antiseptic and deodorising properties. Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather. Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks, IS. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13^. ; 15 sacks, i8,j. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ; 30 sacks, -^os. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £1. Limited quantities of P- M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated, in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for Potting and use in Conservatory.— Only orders accompanied by remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita- tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the Manufacturers, qhuBB, ROUND & CO., Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MUIwall, London, E. Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure. Manufactured liy the LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, and Sold by them and all Nurserymen a}id Seeds»te?i. This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords. For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli- cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters received by the Company from those who have used the manure. GARDEN REQUISITES. peat, loam, silver sand, prepared compost, raffia fibre, tobacco cloth, &c. Quality equal to any in the Market. (All Sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . .. e,s. dd. per sack. ,, best black tibrous .. .. ..35. dd. ,, ,, extra selected Orchid .. .. 5s. od. ,, LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . . . "l PREPARED COMPOST, best ..{is. per bushel (sacks LEAF MOULD .. .. .. ( included). PEAT MOULD ) SILVER SAND (coarse) ., .. ij. 3^^. per bushel. RAFFIA FIBRE, best ouly .. .. lorf. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8i. per lb.,28 lb. i8s. ,, PAPER, finest imported .. .. io(/. per lb., 28 lb. 21s. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement). Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST ferry road, MILLWALL, LONDON, E. Certain Sudden DEATH to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spider, Thrips, Mealy Bug, Caterpillars, &c. Perfectly 1 to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Ring- Harmless f worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites, TREE OIL (SOLUBLE) iNSEGTIGIO A combination of Hydror;»rbon Oils made Soluble in Water. For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage. It cures Mddew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, S:c. Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting the bloom ; and, thickened with a little clay, makes a good winter dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., 2S. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon 1 2 J. 6(/., or less in larger quantities. Each bottle bears the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions for use. Jl/a?i7e/actured by E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. Wliolesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale Druggists. Naw YOKK : ROLKER and SONS, r^ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many V-* of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in sululions of from I to 20Z. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, it., 3f.,& tos.Cd. AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's bruwh on Gis- hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part. /T^ISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com- VJ fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies, Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td. and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. FLORAL GU M. Tliis Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals of flowers from falling. It is easily applied— dlies instantaneously — and leaves no slain on the blossom. Universally approved of by the leading Florists and Growers. (See Testimonials.) " 18, Wesibourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883. " Gentlemen, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some years. It fixes the petals of flowers without injuring or staining them. -Yours faithfully, ., j^g jj pQUNCE and SONS." " Messrs. Hawes & Crisp." CRYSTAL GUM .. 2s. od. pint. 3.1. 6(^. quart. i2,f. gallon OPAQUE ,, .. is.td. „ 2S. gd. ,, los. ,, Sample Bottle of either kind sent post-free for is. 3d. in stamps, HAWES & CRISP. 103, 105, 107, QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES. AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds. Yorkshire. SILVER SAND DIRECT FROM PITS. For lowest price, write HENRY WILKEBSON, LEIGHTON BUZZARD. ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS, for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of it bv Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere. Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c. Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps. FRANCIS AND CO., Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton Garden. E C. Boarier'B Gaxden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of desien, F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES." PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post, The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c, from 3i. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, seut for selection. WHITE GLA2ED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Subie Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L ~V E R S~ AND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered du-ect from Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. TEN SILVER AWARDED MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal POTTERY, Whston-supkr-mare. Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green- ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS, RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post- free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, is. lOO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. QULY 28, 1883. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Maniu-es, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G. BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The largest importer in England. P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool. REGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS, 6 feet by 4 feet. 2j. 6rf. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet long, 6i.; TRELLISING, fromaj^i. square foot. HURDLES, from 31. ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from 61. HANGING BASKETS from 6rf. GATES, FENCING; NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application. BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.— Estab. 1769. UNDER SPECIAL BOYAL PATRONAGE DAY, SON & HEWITT, Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the "ORIGINAL" STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS, For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle, Calves, Sheep ana Lambs, And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines ever known as " Day's." Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery," £'Z i6j. 6t/. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain. CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and Packets. DAY, SON & HEWITT, 22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON, AND WANTAGE, BERKS. HOSE. PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE. Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov- ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use. A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red- Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever." Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices. Sample and Price of MERRYWEATHER & SONS, 63, Long Acre, W.C. ; and Greenwich Road, London, S.E. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. The Best and Quickest Made. 4-in. Expansion Joint Hot -water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4f. 3^. each. 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4^. 6rf. each. Price List on application, THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU- FACTURERS. Plans and Estimates free. HE CENTRAL IRONWORKS COM- PANY, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, ENGI- NEERS, and IRON MERCHANTS, 252, Waterloo Road. London, S.E. Manuraclurers' Prices with Catalogues on appli- cation, for Hot-water Pipes and Connection, all sizes ; also Boilers and Fittings, all Sizes — Wrought and Cast-iron. All other Descriptions of Goods for Horticultural Requirements in Stock. RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS. Before pttrchasing, send for Samples and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, who can supply a splendid article at a low- price. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E. RICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING, &c.— KICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, SACKS, and every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post- free. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, lY^d. ; and 4 yards wide, 3^, per yard. SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide, -id. ; 1% yard, i]id. ; and 2 yards, td. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces of zo yards each, at 3^. 6i/. per piece. NETTING for FruTt^^reesT Seed Beds, Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards wide, zd. per yard, or 100 yards, i6j. ; 4 yards wide, i^. per yard, or 50 yards, i6i. NEW TANNED NETriNG, suited for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards wide, 6d, per yard ; 4 yards wide, zs. per yard ; ^-inch mesh, 4 yards wide, \s. 6d per yard. TIFFANY, 5^. and 6^. per piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked Lane, London Bridge, E.C. Orchid Baskets. SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal Teak ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper Wire, from 6s. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London, E.C. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS. EARLY ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS. Tames Veitch & Sons •^ BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEV HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING, and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery. BULB CATALOGUE for 1883, Ilbistr.xted with upwards of do Woodcuts, is now ready, and wilt be forwarded Postfree on application. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. TUESDAY NEXT. LytUA ELEGANS, VANDA SANDERIANA, CATTLEYA GIGAS IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, July 31, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a splendid lot of imported masses of CATTLEYA GIGAS IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars. ; L^LIA ELEGANS, fine imported specimens ; CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR, VANDA SANDERIANA, and other choice ORCHIDS, the whole in first-class condition. On View Morning of Sale. CATALOGUES at the ROOMS, and 8, NEW BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.C. W ARN E R'S PATENT ANNULAR SAIL AND STAR WINDMILLS, Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c. Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c. WARNER'S WINDMILLS Are at Work in every part of the World. WARNER'S WINDMILLS Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made. P„| - includingTimber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, _PQC r riCCi complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, 3^£m\J Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grinding, Fai'm and Mill Work in troporiion. Price Lists, Testimonials -ind I T \ Ar A 1? "NT IP "D JP/» Gl^XTC!) CRESCENT FOUNDRY, Catalogues on application. ) J . W ^X\iiN HlXi OC O^IN O i CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C. PAXTON'S CALENDAR. Now ready, a Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Price 3d., Post Free S|d. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. July 28, 1883,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. lOI y^EBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE. The Best Cabbage in Cultivation, 6tl. and Is. per Packet, 2s. per Ounce. I Mr J. Muir, In the "Journal of Horti- culture," of May 24, 1883, says :— "Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage measures 70 feet x 50 feet, ana here we have many sorts growing. The beat of all these at the present time is WEBBS' EMPEROR." Per Ounce, Post-free. EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE . . Bd. ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 8d. EARLY RAINHAM do. .. 9d. EARLY DWARF YORK do. .. 6d. RED DUTCH do. 6d. pkt. Is. ONION. P„cW. Ounce WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI, 6d. I Is. WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI, 6d. 9d. LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI . . 6d. 9d. GIANT ROCCA 6d. Is. WHITE LISBON 6d. WHITE SPANISH, or READING .. .. 6d. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail. 5 r(':R CENT. nSCOl'NT FOR CASH. WEBB &, SONS, THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN, W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRID6E. FERNS A SPECIALITY. EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS and SELAGINELLAS, Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (price 6t^.) contains much useful information as well as " Hinis on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had FREE on application. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. ROSES IN POTS, All the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from i Sj. to 36.?. per dozen. These "World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. D A N I E L S' "WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI. I The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference. Seed, with complete Cultural Directions, ij. 6(f. per packet, post-free. Daniels Bros. ('""iSpr.rrr"'), Norwich. The Fruit Crops. 'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* (price ^-i., Post-free i%d.) for AUGUST 4 WILL CONTAIN TUli ANNUAL TABULATED REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS. With the same Number will be presented a finely executed Double-page Engraving of the splendid NEW HYBRID ORCHID, L/ELIA VEITCHIANA, and a Portrait of MR. CHARLES TURNER, of SLOUGH. May be ordered of all Booksellers and Newsagents, and at the Railway Bookstalls. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. CABBAGE FOR PRESENT SOWING 3 SUTTONS' IMPERIAL. The best Cab- bage for spring use. If sown the first or second week in July it will produce beautiful Cab- bages for early spring use. Heads cone- shaped, very large, firm, and of mild flavour. ^=^ ^ Is. per ounce. ENFIELD MARKET, 6^. per ounce. SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, qd. per ounce. IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, U. per ounce. LARGE BLOOD-RED, grf. per ounce. Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all goods value -zos. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or Wales. SUTTON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. AMERICAN SEEDS. ^ o«. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale or Retail. SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden, PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS, PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES, WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO, OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS, BOOKS, &c. All offered by the oldest and ever the most extensive Seed Farmers in America. Founded In 1784. ADDRESS .■— LANDRETH & SONS, PHILADELPHIA. D U T OH B U LBS. A NT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, '^■*- Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland, Have pleasure in informing their numerous friends that their Crop of Bulbs is unusually fine this year, and they respectfully request that all Orders be sent them as early as possible. Their full and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1883 will be sent, post-free, on application to their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO., 5, Biiliter Square, London, E.C. SEEDS. VEGETABLE, FLOWER AND FARM, The BEST procurable, at the Lowest Prices consistent with GENUINENESS. ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. THE SATURDAY, JULY 28, 18S3. FLORAL FIREPLACES. IN winter we are all ready to confess the seat of comfort is around the fireplace, and we offer on the shrine of the domestic deity whole holocausts of black diamonds, or lay at its feet the produce of our slow-growing Oaks or umbrageous Beeches. It is true the dwellers in towns have for so long a time been deprived of the latter offering that the odour of the incense, with its wreath of delicate blue smoke, must be almost forgotten. In country vicarages and remote farmhouses such fuel is still in favour, but however we worship our fire god during the colds and damps of our many months of winter, we are apt to neglect the shrine, or, at best, treat it with easy indifference, as soon as the bright sunshine and soft breezes of summer woo us to the garden and the pleasure grounds. ' ' When the Devil was sick, the Devil a monk would be ; When the Devil was well, the devil a monk was he," is exemplified in minor matters every day ; the care, the trouble, the expense we lavish on the domestic fireplace as soon as we no longer require its services are forgotten ; we treat it, as we are all too apt to treat the humble friend who has known and helped us in adversity. Poor friend, and poor fireplace : if we cannot bring the former to share the warmth diffused by the sun of prosperity, the latter shall not be totally ignored, even during this season of sun- shine. Let no cynic suggest that the reason may be that, in this most certain-to-be-uncer- tain climate of ours, we may need its services even during the dog-days. We will still believe that its use shall be reserved for the winter months ; but .that is no reason why we may not make it useful and ornamental too during summer. Of all parts of the sitting-room the fireplace best lends itself to a display of cut flowers, and we think it is but seldom utilised for such a purpose. We have often had a garden on the hearth, by massing Ferns and other plants in pots, and filling up the interstices with moss ; but what we may term floral fireplaces are more at the command of dwellers in town, and they serve to utilise many of the flowery treasures of our shrubbery borders, those blossoms of which we might say, as Lady Jane does of herself, in Patience — " Not beautiful, massive." Our sitting-room fireplaces are of that date (the transition time between the open hearth and the modern grate) when evidently beauty was not taken into account — comfortable enough, forsooth, when a good coal fire is diffusing its genial warmth, and a blazing wood-log is emitting its cheerful flames, but of which no amount of blacklead, be it ever so lustrous, can make a pleasing object when empty. As for all the farrago of tissue-paper, and gold and silver tinsel, we abhor it ; nor can we bring ourselves to admire the stiff chromo screens that in many households do duty for the old-fashioned apron. Curtains may be useful on occasions, but if heavy and closed they I02 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. are apt to stop the draught up the chimney to the detriment of the atmosphere of the whole apartment ; if hght and flimsy they become a nuisance, being blown about every time a door or window is opened. With our floral fireplace handsome curtains, drawn to either side and gracefully looped, would be an additional charm, as they would disguise the inelegant form of the mantelpiece, and, by only showing the floral arrangement, suggest all sorts of ideas of a continuance and wealth of flowery treasures, of which they only permit an ichantillon, or tiny sample, to appear. If only we had the command of a Whistlerian dic- tionary we might discourse in musical terms of harmonies, symphonies, nocturnes, and fantasies in all colours, and all shades of colour ; but failing so grand a resource, will confine our- selves to describing one or two arrangements which have been successful features in the floral decorations of the rooms this season. Many flowers are decking the garden and even the field long before we could dream, even in the sunniest of springs, of denying ourselves the comfort of a fire ; therefore there need be no lack of blossoms for our floral decorations at the right time ; and all we have to do is to find the right flowers for the right place. As a basis we line the bars of the grate with the freshest and greenest of moss obtainable, we put this in so thickly that the iron bars are quite covered ; the fender and fire-irons are cleaned and put away for the summer. On the hearth- stone we place a layer of moss, fresh and green, but dry, of course, right up to or rather just under the fireplace itself The groundwork being made, the floral accessories can be added according to the means at command. One of the handsomest we had in the spring was com- posed of Pajonies and Gueldres Roses ; these, rising from the rich deep green of the moss, looked very handsome, and lasted for more than a fortnight : the receptacle was a common pre- serve or marmalade jar, filled, of course, with water. In the moss, or under it rather, on the hearthstone, we placed shallow dishes that the moss covered, with one or two Gueldres Roses, and a few sprays of Honeysuckle, Rhododen- dron, or Weigela rosea ; any one of these will do, but a mixture of many blossoms does not look well. One of the happiest arrangements we ever made was formed of Nasturtiums and the autumn foliage of the Virginian Creeper. It was very effective, combining every shade, from pale yellow to the deepest orange, even crimson ; we merely mention this to show that the readiest and commonest — if by common is understood the most abundant and handy materials— are those which prove most useful. Foxgloves we have employed largely. They grow in abundance in the woods about our neighbourhood, and all along the hedgerows. Gorse also in early spring is handsome. The Hawthorns, both scarlet and white, are beauti- ful, although the scent is somewhat overpower- ing. Wild Roses, gathered while in bud, form a beautiful decoration, especially if combined with Honeysuckle or wild Clematis. The handsome flowers of the wild Flag, in combination with Myosotis palustris, or wild Forget-me-Not, is exceedingly pretty, and the flowers flourish almost as though rooted. It involves a slight amount of trouble, but it is advisable to change the water every three or four days. Some lumps of charcoal may be placed in it to advantage. Where the centre piece is formed of large and small flowers, as the Iris and Myosotis, the latter alone should be placed in the shallow dishes. Matka. POLYPODIUM VULGARE, VAR. TRICHOMANOIDES. — This new hardy Fern has unquestionably the most elegantly subdivided pinnules of all hardy Ferns, rendering the fronds all but equal in their beautiful appearance to those of Todea superba. It is evidently a free grower, and destined to hold a prominent place in collections of hardy Ferns. MAXILLARIA IRRORATA, n. sp* This plant is one of my older acquaintances, made two or three years ago, come October, 1883. It was grown and flowered by Sir C. W. Strickland, Hildenley, Malton, who informed me that it was like MaxiUaria venusta, yet it had thinner and narrower bulbs and leaves. Origin : Messrs. Stevens' big rooms, within the last twelve months, hence it may have not appeared before August, 1879. I felt so puzzled at the flower, which looked like a shortened caricature of Masdevallia grandiflora, that I expressed a wish to Sir C. W. Strickland that he would watch the future development of the curiosity. It would, however, appear to have flowered only during this gentleman's frequent absence from home. Finally the plant comes afresh from the garden of the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Moor Green, Moseley, Birmingham, grown by Mr. E. Cooper. The peduncle is not quite a span high, and covered with very distinct broad vaginas (sheaths). The bract is still wider, and is not equal in length to the stalked ovary. The flower is white, washed, bordered and blotched with purple ; lip ochre above, anterior lobe darker ochre, with two purple spots underneath, and a purple margin. A transverse callous bar before the base of the anterior lobes, and the whole disc between the side lobes is covered with a mealy substance, the result of the hairs having been dis- solved (I have found 1852 amylar grains in such cellules — a fact even now apparently unknown to our leading anatomists, who universally do not care for botany, viz., knowledge of plants). The column is ochre in front, and has a purple crest over the anther. The curious circumstance is that the sepals do not reach an inch in length. It is probably from the Western Andes. H. G. Rchb. f. Cattleya Schroderiana, n. j-/>.t Baron J. H. W. Von Schroder, The Dell, Egham, has just flowered this new and curious Cattleya. I had it through the kindness of Mr. Harry Veitch. It was imported and sold by Mr. F. Sander, and proves to be a most distinct and splendid plant, having the habit of Cattleya bulbosa, Lindl., and C. dolosa, Rchb. f., not of Walkeriana, Gard., nor of nobilior, Rchb. f. To be short, it would be Cattleya dolosa if it had not slicklike bulbs and a lip nearly of Cattleya Aclandis. That lip has the smallest basilar auricles possible, and a long equal claw (not broader at the base and tapering as in Cat- tleya Aclandise). The bulb at hand is nearly 4 inches high, with two distinct and distant joints within, furrowed, nearly equally thin, not at all thick, two-leaved. Leaves very stout, oblongo-ligulate acute, 4 : li. Peduncle two-flowered. Ovaries light purple with dark spots. Sepals ligulate acute. Petals oblong acuminate, broad. Lip partly described above, ending in a transverse oblong apiculate blade. Whole flower fine saturate purple, with a mauve hue, equalling that of a good Lwlia majalis. Column narrow, though stout, light purple, with a white dorsal line, not at all boat-shaped, as in the species just named. It is a very great satisfaction to dedicate such an excellent Orchid novelty, as they now-a-days appear but at very distant intervals, to such an excellent amateur as Baron Von Schroder. Rchb, f. * Maxillaria. irrorata, n. sp. — Gregi Maxillarias grandi- florae, Lindl. ; pedunculo bene vaginate ; bractea ampla ovarium pediceUatum non squante ; sepalo imparl elliplico, sepalis lateralibus triangulis obtusis lalis, tepalis liguiatis obtuse acutis ; labello tiifido ; lobis lateralibus obtusangulis antrorsis ; lobo antico triangulo recurvo undulato brevi ; carina transversa ante basin lobi antici : disco inter lobos laterales farinosos ex pilis solutis : anlhera ctistaia. H. G. Rchh. f. t Cattleya Schroderiana, n. sp.— Ex aff. Cattleya; bulbosx, Lindl., et dolosa:, Rchb. f. : pseudobulbo cauliformi costato diphyllo : foliisobloneis acutis, pedunculo bifloro in pseudobulbo foliato terminali : sepalis linearibus lanceis, tepalis oblongis acutis : labelli auriculis in basi minutis, ungue late lineari, lamina antica, transversa oblonga cum apiculo ; columna xquali subangusta. H. G. Rchb.f. ^CHMEA (PlatY/ECHMEA) Barleei, Baker, n, sj>,* This is a very distinct new species of /Echmea, which was sent to Kew in 1877 by His Excellency Governor F. P. Barlee from British Honduras, which this summer has flowered for the first time. It is the first species of the group with distichous inflorescence that has been brought into cultivation, but although several of the bracts are large and brightly coloured, the individual flowers are too small for it to be worth much as a garden plant. Acaulescent. Leaves eight or nine In a rosette, lorate-ensiform, with an ovate dilated base 5 or 6 inches broad and a lamina 2 or 3 feel long, horny in texture, pale green, 2 inches broad at the middle, deltoid- cuspidate at the apex, thinly white-lepidote, especially on the back ; the lower prickles of the margin crowded, 1 — 5 inch long, the upper ones growing gradually smaller. Peduncle central, erect, about a foot long, the bright red lanceolate scariose bracts 2 — 3 inches long. Panicle erect, 4 foot long, with a furfuraceous rachis, the branches short and spreading, the upper ones simple, the lower compound. Flowers alternate, spaced, arranged distichously 4 — 6 on the simple branches. Bracts green, deltoid cuspidate, acute, i inch long, equalling the calyx. Calyx J inch long, the acute deltoid sepals as long as the white- furfuraceous globose-trigonous tube. Corolla pale yellow, the petals twice as long as the calyx-segments, their lamina oblong. Style and stamens shorter than the petals, y. G. Baker. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUITS. ' Under the above title Mr. William Saunders has published what appears, so far as we have been able to test it, to be a most useful book on the insects injurious to fruit trees in North America. The title by no means conveys an idea of the scope of the work, for the insects that injure the roots, trunks, branches, and leaves of fruit trees are systematically treated, as well as those that attack the fruits them- selves. The work is based on personal observation, yet it embodies the discoveries of the leading ento- mologists of North America, and it is specially in- debted to the reports of C. V. Riley, J. H. Comstock, and other State Entomologists. It is illustrated with 440 woodcuts, a large proportion of which are new» while the origin of others is faithfully recorded in the preface. This praiseworthy explanation not only does justice to the labours of others; it likewise adds to the authority of the book itself. The author is a Canadian, and the Editor of the Canadian Eiitornologist ; and this book, which is ex- ceedingly well got up, is published by Lippincott, of Philadelphia and London. Although not a citizen of the States he seems to have been none the less liber- ally treated by the officials, who permitted him to have electrotypes of numerous cuts which have ap- peared in various reports to the Commissioner of Agriculture. In the arrangement of his matter the author has considered the wants of persons not pos- sessing a knowledge of the classification of insects. Thus he begins with the insects injurious to the Apple tree, treating first of those which attack the roots, then successively those which attack the trunk, branches, and leaves, and finishing with those which attack the fruit. A short account is given of the life-history of each insect, without any technical detail, but sufticient, with the help of the woodcuts, for all practical purposes. This is followed by the best known remedies in each case. The author is also careful to make the reader acquainted with friendly insects which prey upon injurious ones, and thus deserve the fostering atten- tion of the fruit-grower. A similar work for this country is much needed, and if it included the insects that attack other crops so much the better. It is popular, without being trashy. We may add that many of the insects are either identical with our own or so closely allied that much of the information is equally useful to the practical man in this country. * jEchmea {Platyneckmea) Barleei, Baker, n. sp. — Acaulis i foliis 8 — 9 dense roaulatis coriaceis lorato-ensiformibus 2—3- pedalibus pallida viridibus dorso prsesertim tenuiter albo- lepidotis aciileis"marginalibus inferioribus crebris magnis supe- rioribus sensim minoribus : pedunculo centrali subpedali ; bracteis primariis paucis lanceolatis splendide rubris ; fioribus in paniculam laxam semipedalem disposilis, ramis brevibus patulis strictis distichis, superioribus simplicibus, inferioribus trifurcatis ; bracteis ultimis parvis viridibus deltoideis cuspida- tis ; sepalis deltoideis ovario aquilongis ; petalis pallide luteis sepalis diiplo Icngioribiis ; Renitalibus inclusis. July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. los RUSCUS ANDROGYNUS. The following is an abstract of a paper "On the Occurrence of Foliage-leaves in Ruscus (Semele) androgynus, with some Structural and Morphological Observations," read by Professor A. Dickson at the June meeting of the Edinburgh Botanical Society :— Dr. Dickson exhibited specimens of this plant, from his garden in the country, showing well-developed foliage-leaves springing from the root-stock, with ovate or lanceolate-ovate blade, and long petiole. In the largest leaf the blade was 6 inches long, by about 3.^ at its greatest breadth, and the petiole about 5 inches long. The production of foliage-leaves in Ruscus has not, Dr. Dickson believes, been hitherto observed ; and in the present case the predisposing cause of their appearance has probably been the confinement of the plant in a flower-pot, and consequent weakening of the growth of the aerial stems. The occurrence of such leaves in a plant so highly specialised as Ruscus, where the leaf-func- tions are, in ordinary circumstances, performed exclusively by expanded cladodes, is of great interest ; and it can hardly be doubted that if the development from the seed could be examined we should hnd foliage-leaves constantly present, just as in some other highly specialised forms we see a more generalised or ordinary development in the young stale. For example, the development of bipinnate leaves in the seedlings of phyllodineous Acacias, where in later life the leaves are all deve- loped as phyllodia ; of ternately compound leaves in the seedling Furze (Ulex), where in later life the leaves are simple and much reduced, the leaf-function being mainly performed by the green branch-thorns ; and of a few genuine foliage-leaves succeeding the cotyledons in Sciadopitys, where in later life the leaf- organs are all reduced to scales, and the leaf-function is performed by cladodial needles. As regards their structure the foliage-leaves of Ruscus androgynus resemble ordinary leaves. The stomata are developed almost exclusively on the morphological lower surface, and the phloem elements of the fibro-vascular bundles are directed towards that surface. In the cladodes, on the other hand, the stomata are developed almost exclusively on the mor- phological upper surface, this being righted by a twisting of the cladode at its base, just as in the leaves of the Chihan Amaryllids, Alstrcemeria, Bomarea, and Leontochir, and the (also Chilian) Liliaceous genus Luzuriaga, where there is a similar development of the stomata on— so to speak— the wrong surface, which is righted by a subsequent twisting of the leaf- base. In the cladodes of Ruscus racemosus there is a similar stomatic development accompanied by twisting at the base of the organ. In the cladode of Ruscus androgynus, and also in that of R. racemosus, the phloem elements of the fibro-vascular bundles are directed towards the morphological upper surface ; and this also holds good for the Isarren cladodes of R. Hypoglossum, which has got the stomata equally developed on both surfaces ; and in Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, which has the stomata exclusively on the morphological lower surface. In Ruscus aculeatus (with stomata equally developed on both surfaces), the direction of the fibro-vascular elements does not seem to be very constant. Usually, the phloem elements are uppermost ; but sometimes especially in the smaller veins, the xylem and phloem are directed obliquely to the surfaces, or have even the reverse position. The direction of the phloem elements towards the morphological upper surface of the cladodes of R. androgynus, R. racemosus, R. Hypoglossum, and Myrsiphyllum asparagoides Dr. Dickson considers of much significance in connection with the question of the cladodial nature of the phylloid needles of Sciadopitys and the "squama fructifera"of Conifers, in both of which the phloem elements are similarly directed towards the morphological upper surface. Microscopic illustrations of the principal points connected with the foregoing were exhibited, along with sections of roots of R. androgynus from various gardens, showing some remarkable variations. Among other peculiarities of this root may be men- tioned the development of a second, and in some cases of a third layer of endodermal cells, with the characteristic U-like thickening outside the peri- cambium. That the position of the fibro-vascular elements has a morphological rather than a physiological signi- ficance is proved by the fact that in the twisted leaves of Alstrcemeria, Bomarea, and Luzuriaga the position of these elements is exactly as in ordinary leaves (viz., the xylem to the morphological upper, the phloem to the morphological lower surface), while in the aforesaid cladodes, whether twisted, as in R. androgynus and R. racemosus, or not, as in R. Hypo- glossum and Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, these elements have the reverse position. MR. JENSEN AND THE POTATO DISEASE. It is much to be hoped that the protective systems will be extensively tried this year, for all appearances point to a severe visitation of the Potato disease. Having received several communications upon this subject from Mr. Jensen during the past few months, and having his permission to make them public, I take the present opportunity of doing so. It is need- less for me to describe over again his system of culture, beyond stating that it mainly consists of giving the Potatos a second or protective moulding when the first disease blotch is seen upon the foliage, in such a manner that the uppermost tubers have at least 5 inches of earth over them, at the same time bend- ing the top so that they hang over the furrows in a half-erect manner ; the object being to protect the tubers by a layer of earth from the spores of the para- sitic fungus which causes the disease. When moulded up in the ordinary way the covering of earth over the uppermost tubers is not, as a rule, more than i^ or 2 inches. If the disease be due to the spores falling from the foliage and being washed through the ground to the tubers, we should expect to find those tubers nearest the surface more diseased than those deeper in the ground. The fact that the uppermost tubers sufier more from the disease is well shown by three examples given by Mr. Jensen : — Uppermost tubers, per cent, diseased . . Intermediate tubers, per cent, diseased . . Lowermost tubers, per cent diseased . . I. II. 82 3° 3 49 30 8 III. 49 Examples I. and II. were near Copenhagen ; III., near Paris, In this last case the soil was very clayey, and the Potatos set very shallow, so that the lower- most had only 3 inches of earth over them. As showing the value of protective moulding some of Mr. Jensen's experiments are very striking. The following were some of the results obtained last year : — Copenhagen Fredericia Hverringe Borup . . Common moulding. Protective moulding. Per cent, diseased. Per cent diseased. 27 I 29 05 s? 0 •(5 0 35 0 21 a 64 03 45 0 58 0 These results speak for themselves ; but as they were obtained abroad, in Denmark (where they seem to be able to manage the Potato disease better than we do here) it is interesting to know that Mr. Samuel D. Shirriff tried the protective moulding in Scotland, last year, and found that while Potatos grown in the ordinary manner had 29 per cent, diseased, those grown with the protective moulding had only 8 per cent, affected. This was a very satisfactory result, but not equal by any means to Mr. Jensen's. How was this ? Is the disease more difficult to deal with in Great Britain than in Denmark ? This by no means follows, for when the Scotch Potatos were lifted it was found that the uppermost tubers had only about 3 inches of earth over them ! To obtain the full benefit of this system at least 5 inches of earth covering is required in the first instance, which. in the course of time, settles and consolidates into 4 inches ; so that if the Scotch Potatos had been moulded an inch higher they would have, to say the least, been on an equal footing with the Danish, and would, doubtless, have been as free from the disease. Any cause which breaks the continuity of the earth covering of the tubers renders them more liable to disease. Thus the presence of an earthworm at a Potato root renders it more liable to have its tubers diseased than it would otherwise be. An examina- tion of 600 Potato roots at Hverringe was made by Mr. H. Dreyer, for Mr. Jensen. It was then found that the average number of diseased tubers in the roots without earthworms was 22 per cent.; with one worm at each root, 35 per cent. ; with two worms at each root, 46 per cent. ; with three worms at each root, 58 per cent. ; with four worms at each root, 71 per cent. The foregoing remarks are especially interesting to the practical Potato grower, but it is worth while to notice some of the experiments that have been made by Mr. Jensen in support of his views. To begin with, it was certainly news to most of us in this country to hear that the spores (conidia) of Peronospora infestans could penetrate the compara- tively tough skin of the tuber and produce the disease. We had hitherto looked upon the disease in the tubers as being caused by the mycelium passing down the stem into the tubers. But the direct infection of the tubers seems to be well known to Continental botanists as far back as 1876. De Bary in his paper upon this subject in the twelfth volume of the Journal of the Royal Afiriiiilliiral Society, p. 251, speaks of applying fresh *' conidia to the terminal eyes of a tuber," and adds, "By this process infection can be obtained with great certainity." The following, however, are the results of three experiments per- formed by Mr. Jensen. On September 21, 1881, some Potatos were dug and divided into two lots. Next day, one lot was brushed with a diseased Potato top, and the other not in any way interfered with ; both lots were then covered with damp sand. Twelve days afterwards they were examined with this result : — brushed tubers, 152, diseased, 114; unbrushed, 154, diseased, 6. It may be remembered that last year, in a note I sent to the Gardeners^ Chronicle, I stated that I had repeated this experiment on a smaller scale, and found that all those tubers to which the conidia were applied became diseased, while all the others remained perfectly healthy. If any one wishes to see this for himself, it should be remembered that the Potatos must be freshly dug, for if their skins have once become dry the chances are they will resist the disease. Fortunately the conidia in a few days lose their power of germination, else we should be unable to lift our Potato crop without exposing the tubers to the disease-spores, but this can be safely done, and "after sickness " avoided by either waiting till all the foliage is destroyed, or, if we cannot wait so long as this, by cutting off the tops and removing them a week before the Potatos are lifted. But granting the fact that the tubers are infected directly by the conidia, does it follow that a comparatively thin layer of earth has the power of filtering out and retaining the spores so as to shield the Potatos from their enemies ? Mr. Jensen has performed numerous experiments showing, not only that this is the case, but also the relative values of various thicknesses of earth, as well as of various kinds of soil. To demonstrate the power earth has in arresting and retaining the spores a cylindrical tube was taken, fitted at the bottom with a perforated plate. In this tube was placed a layer of earth i inch thick, which was compressed to % inch, to represent the consolida- tion which naturally takes place in the moulding of Potatos ; water was poured into the top of the tube containing spores, estimated by counting the number in a drop, and employing the requisite quantity to the number of 30,000. It was found that about 28,000 of the spores were retained by the earth, for only 2000 ran through. The experiment was repeated, using, however, 5 inches of earth com- pressed to 4 inches. It was then found that out of the 30,000 poured in at the top only one or two ran through. To test the spore-retaining power of various kinds of earth six flower-pots were employed, in each of which fifteen Potatos were placed. In three pots the Potatos had a covering of i J inch of earth given them ; in the other three they had a covering of 5 inches. Water containing spores was poured into the pots upon the earth, little by little, to represent rain until I04 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. it equalled a rainfall of i inch per hour. The follow- ing was the result : — I. Good earth II. Coarse sand III. Fine sand ij^-inch earth covering. 15 (all) S-iuch earth covering. —showing plainly enough that an even i ^ inch of sandy soil has considerable power of retaining spores, while 5 inches of earth or sand affords complete protection to the tubers. The experiment was varied by using a box divided into three compartments, which were filled with good earth, peat, and sand respectively. Fifty Potatos were placed in each compartment, twenty-five at the bottom, so as to have a covering of 4 inches of earth, and twenty-five near the top, having a covering of i^ inch. Water containing spores was poured upon the surface of the earth in each compartment. Three experiments were per- formed with the following results : — Earth covering 1 % inch. Earth covering 4 incher. Diseased tubers. Diseased tubers. Good earth 21 2 ,, 14 2 „ II T Peat 12 0 IS 0 „ 14 I Sand 8 I 6 0 3 Z 104 9 Showing that of 225 Potatos covered by ij inch of the above mentioned varieties of soil, 104 became diseased, while of 225 covered by 4 inches only nine were affected. The views of Mr. Jensen upon the influence that temperature exerts over the Potato disease in con- nection with its geographical distribution are very in- teresting. It may be stated at once that he agrees with De Bary in considering that the disease is kept alive by the mycelium hybernating and not by the agency of resting-spores. Amongst his reasons for this view, are : — I. Because as a general rule Potatos sown after Potatos the preceding year are not more severely attacked by the disease than when they follow other crops. This he has found to be the case in a great number of instances (some hundred), although it is contrary to what is commonly thought in this country. 2. The date at which the Potato disease first appears in any year depends, not entirely upon the amount of rainfall, which of course exerts a powerlul influence, but greatly upon the quantity of infected Potatos planted in spring. Last year, for instance, in England, France, and Denmark the disease appeared very early, and in Denmark at least was very severe. Tubers attacked very early in the season will, as a general rule, be rotten at the time of lifting, and con- sequently the disease will have died in these tubers. The *' after-sickness " will be less, because the foliage, and with it the fungus upon it, will have disappeared at the time of lifting in such years than when the dis- ease has commenced later. Hence fewer Potatos having the disease in a hybernating state in them will be planted, and consequently the disease will have fewer starting points in the following year. We may, therefore, expect the disease will not be very early this year in its appearance in England, Denmark, and Western Europe, unless the weather be very rainy, which will, of course, favour the rapid spread of the disease. Two very early outbreaks of the disease never occur in successive years. There is, upon the contrary, a tendency for the first appearance to alter- nate between a late and early date ; as, however, the weather has a great influence, this is not always so observable as it otherwise would be. In Denmark during the last twenty-three years the general out- break has been eight years early, nine years late, six years medium. Of the eight early years it has been seven times after a late year and once after a medium ; of the nine late years it has been four times after a medium and five times after an early ; of the six medium years it has been twice after an early, and three times after a late, and once after a medium. Thus we see two very early outbreaks have never followed one another, but a year that should be early may be late or medium from want of rain. The above has reference, of course, to the time when the disease is so general as to have been observed by farmers and Potato growers generally. As a rule, it is, as before stated, only in those Potatos which are infected late in the year that the fungus hybernates, those which are attacked early in the year perish entirely. This year Mr. Jensen found only about 10 per cent, of diseased tubers which were sown in his garden produced alTected shoots bearing conidia. The presence of conidia was detected upon the shoots a few days after they had appeared above ground, and for the last six weeks he has had the disease well developed in his garden, while it has not appeared in the gardens of his neighbours. As showing the rate at which it has spread from the diseased plant, he finds that till now it has not ad- vanced more than a yard in ten days. Now, if the outbreak of the disease was dependent upon resting-spores, the fact of two early outbreaks not following each other would not have been observed ; on the contrary, an early outbreak one year would be most likely to be followed by a slight attack in the next year. A much more important question, however, or rather series of questions, concerning the influence of temperature has been engaging Mr. Jensen's atten- tion, which includes the following ;— i. Where has the disease come from? 2. Why did it not appear earlier in Europe and North America than about the year 1840 ? 3. What is the distribution of the disease throughout the globe ? In what regions can it never appear ? What hitherto uninvaded regions will by- and-bye be visited by it if the importation of Potatos from infested countries be not prohibited? 4. Are there any means of rendering the outbreak late and sporadic in infected countries, and perhaps even of stamping it out altogether in the course of a few years ? During the last year Mr. Jensen has been studying the relationship existing between the temperature and the disease, and he is at present engaged in pre- paring a memoir on the subject, in French, in which these questions will be dealt with fully. . Concerning the origin of the^ disease, Mr. Jensen believes it to have commenced in the Cordilleras in the northern part of South America, where it has existed from remote antiquity— as long indeed as the Potatos them- selves. The fungus was imprisoned within those hills by the hot air which for hundreds of miles sur- rounded them on all sides. When the Potatos were introduced into North America and Europe the para- site was separated from its host, for, under ordinary circumstances, neither the mycelium nor the spores can be sent through the torrid zone without losing their vitality. This separation between parasite and host lasted till about 1840, / c:., about 300 years. The employment of steamers {for before 1S40 the number of steamers was but very small), the great guano traffic which sent many ships to the kingdom of the Potato foe — the employment of ice perhaps — for by the means of ice the Potato fungus can be sent any- where,— all these circumstances were favourable to the transmission of the disease to the temperate countries of the northern hemisphere ; in fact it is simply warmth that for 300 years separated the fungus from its host. The same separation can with complete cer- tainty be effected now in the course of a few hours by means of an elevated temperature applied to the seed Potatos without injuring their growing power in the least. To make the process practical, Mr. Jensen employs a comparatively high temperature ; but with a lower temperature the same result can be obtained, only it requires to be applied for a longer time. Cer- tain precautions are necessary to prevent injury to the Potatos, but these can be easily met by a suitably constructed apparatus which Mr. Jensen has devised. These discoveries have been communicated to the Socihc Nationals iTAgi iculltirc de Fiamc The dis- tribution of the disease is more dependent on the mean maximum temperature in summer than on the mean day temperature, hence the disease does not go so far south in continents as on islands. Speak- ing generally, the disease does not exist in continental lowlands in the northern hemisphere to the south of the fortieth parallel of latitude ; the disease does not exist in tropical countries where the mean temperature amounts to 25° C. (77° Fahr.) for any considerable time during the year. It is not found in mountainous districts within the tropics, except under very rare circumstances, because its introduc- tion to such places is very difficult. It probably exists in all countries with a temperate or cold climate in the northern hemisphere where Potatos are grown. It may be found in temperate climates in the southern hemisphere. It is not found in Australia, although in many parts of that quarter of the world it would thrive if introduced. Respecting the influence of an elevated temperature upon the development of Peronospora infestans, I have only one word to add, and that is to draw atten- tion to the way in which it thrives upon outdoor Tomatos in this country compared to those grown under glass. In conclusion, I may say that the above is collated from various papers and circulars of Mr. Jensen and from private letters written to me. I only wish he had found some one better able to express his views and place the result of his labours in a more lucid manner before the British reader. Charles B, Plow- right, July zz. TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. The magnificent display of these beautiful plants' at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington, on Tuesday last, while presenting a variety of form and colour pleasant to behold, also served to mark the great improvement which careful cross-fertilisation and good cultivation have effected in them, and to give the public an opportunity of seeing what really good tuberous Begonias are. In nine gardens out of ten, perhaps, where these plants are grown, the stock is composed of the poorest and weediest varieties of the old strain, many of them not good enough to name, having been imported from the Continent as mixed seedlings in the early days of tuberous Begonia growing, and are in many places still grown, although they are not now worthy of the room they occupy. Let us hope that the show of Tuesday last may open up a new era in their history, and that many who saw them there may in conse- quence replenish their stock with things more worthy of their attention than those they now possess. The place of honour was, of course, occupied by Messrs. John Laing & Co., of the Stansted Park Nurseries, who staged probably the finest group that ever was brought together, composed of many hun- dreds of plants of the finest quality, and occupying a space about 50 feet in length. Years of attention to this class of plant has been given by this firm, almost the whole of one of their nurseries being devoted to them. It is, therefore, not surprising that they should distance all competitors, but as a reward for their perseverance they occasionally produce novelties startling even to themselves and to the most learned in Begonias. A case in point was to be met with in the middle of their group in their new production, Stanstead Surprise, a variety with dark crimson flowers, of perfect form, and measuring 6^ inches in length and 6 inches across, and which, for showiness, certainly surpasses all in its class. The female flowers of this variety are large and round, and the whole plant of good habit. This received a First- class Certificate. Amongst a bewildering lot of grand things in this group were also New Colour, cream, overlaid with primrose ; Countess of Rosslyn, bronzy-orange (also certificated) ; A. G. Soames, maroon-crimson ; J. Walters, orange- vermilion ; Mrs. Morgan, pure white ; Golden Queen, bright yellow ; Miss Warren, and Consul Darlington, very fine in form and colour ; Novelty, dark scarlet, a mass of bloom ; Robert White, rose, a very round flower ; Miss Turner, creamy-rose (certificated) ; Nymph, pure white, mar- gined rose ; the Hon. and Rev. R. T. Boscawen, glowing deep crimson ; Mrs. Anson, very fine rosy- salmon (certificated) ; Black Douglas, intensely dark carmine-crimson ; Ball of Fire, fiery scarlet ; Lady Trevor Lawrence, with large orange-yellow flowers, tipped with Indian red, very distinct; and Dr. Masters, a fine dark red-crimson. The above are all single varieties. Among Messrs. Laing's doubles were Davisii fl.-pl., very neat and bright ; Canary Bird, canary colour ; Formosa, like a double red Hibiscus, with a white centre ; Juarezi, a distinct semi-double scarlet, like a miniature Cactus Dahlia ; Sir Garnet, dark orange- scarlet ; and scarlet Button-hole, a flower with shell- like petals very evenly arranged. Above Messrs. ^ July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 105 Laing's group hung a large basket of the variety Magenta Queen, sending forth on all sides a per- fect avalanche of blooms. Let it not be said that the excellence of Messrs. Laing's Begonias is due to stuff. All the stimulant their Begonias receive is a little weak liquid manure prepared from cow-dung, and that is not applied until the plants are rooting and growing strongly. Fig. 16.— rLAGiOLiRioN horsmanni. the use of some special manure ; such is not the case, they use only in potting a compost of turfy yellow loam, leaf-mould, and silver-sand ; and they are in- clined to attribute a great deal of their success to their abstaining from mixing manures with their polting The next group in importance was made up of plants brought from the Society's Gardens at Chis- wick ; all were well grown, and some of the seedlings showed good qualities — the double Zenobia, a fine red ; Rose Von Castilien, double light rose ; and Graziella, a fine double Primrose, being particularly fine. Mr. Coppin, of the Rose Nursery, Shirley, Croy- don, brought some very fair plants, many of them being ordinary seedlings. The varieties Kcve d'Or, yellow ; Esther, a double form of the old Dr. Masters ; President Garfield, orange-scarlet ; and Midas, a scarlet, with round female flowers, were, however, very good. Among the amateurs the best grown plants were staged by Mr. J. Child, gardener to W. Bell, Esq., Garbrand Hall, Ewell. Only nine plants were brought and entered " not for competition." Mr. Child de- serves great credit for the manner in which he has grown these plants, some of them being equal in effect to a show Azalea. His best plants were Maude Churchill, a large yellow, with 220 blooms open ; Miss Bertha, a grand reddisli-salmon with flowers standing well out ; a fine dark scarlet seedling ; Lcelia, a great mass ofcrimson blooms; and GoIdenGem. Mr.J.Tong, gardener to J. S. Law, Esq., South Lodge, Southgate, had the best dozen in competition, his best plants being Stanstead Rival, a light crimson, of perfect form ; Mrs. Sheppard, a fine white, and some good seedlings. The next best were contributed by Mr. J. Weston, gardener to D. Martineau, Clapham Park, whose Ettie Weston, orange, and Mars, dark scarlet, were very good. Many of those who saw the display of Begonias on Tuesday last, no doubt, asked themselves the question. What class of plants could one cultivate to produce such a brilliant display at this time of year ? The question is difficult to answer, but certain it is that many who are now in trouble with scraggy New Hol- land plants in small greenhouses or trying to grow stove plants in houses not warm enough for them would do well to give a corner to the grateful and easily cultivated tuberous Begonia. PLAGIOLIRION HORSMANNI. By the favour of Mr. Fred. Horsman, of Col- chester, we are enabled to give a reduced copy (fig. 16) of a coloured sketch of the new Columbian bulbous plant which Mr. Baker described at p. 38. Plagiolirion Mr. Baker makes a new genus, about intermediate between Eucharis and Eucrosia, and the first described species has the bulb, leaves, and white flowers of Eucharis, but the flowers are much smaller, and the segments much narrower. THE POTATO CROPS OF 1883. SCOTLAND. Aberdeen. — Potatos seem to be a very valuable crop this season, and all are from ten to fourteen days later than usual. No disease as yet. R. Far- quhar, Fyvie Castle Gardini, July 24. Banff. — Potatos are everywhere looking healthy and promising in this district, no disease having as yet been observed. J. Webster, Gordon Castle, July 24. Berwick. — Potatos are yet extremely healthy, and a large breadth is planted in this locality. Champion is the favourite variety, being unsurpassed at table and resisting disease as much as any variety known here, especially where it is allowed room to grow. The early crops are perhaps a little later than usual. W, Fowler^ Mertoitn, St. Boswelts. Dumbarton. — Fine crop, but late. No disease. A. Scott, Attchendciinan, July 24. Dumfries. — Early and second early varieties are an average crop, and of good quality. Late varieties look well in the haulm, and, with a little more sun, promise a good return. There is no disease in this district as yet. J. Smart, Raehills Gardens, Lockerbie, July 24. East Lothian. — The Potatos we have been using from the garden (Myatt's Kidney, the old Ash- leaf, and Smith's Early) all turned out a good crop free from disease, and excellent in quality. The other varieties look very healthy. Field crops look promis- ing everywhere about here. L. Dmv, Newbyth"^ Fres- tonkirk, July 24. Forfar. — Potatos are all looking extra well in both the gardens and fields. An unusually large acre- age has been planted in this district this season, no doubt on account of the very high prices realised last season. There are no signs of the disease as yet. G, Johnston, Glands Castle, July 23. io6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July aS, 18S3. Lanark. — The crops, both in gardens and fields, are healthy and luxuriant. The Champion Potato is now largely grown in fields in this locality, and it seems to resist disease better than any other sort in general use. There is a great breadth of Potatos planted this year throughout the surrounding country, the improved prices of last spring having induced the farmers to plant more largely. A. Tiinibull, Bothwdl Casdc, July 24. Midlothian. — The crops in this district are very good, in lact above the average, and if the rain would only stop at this date we should have a heavy return. Charles yohnslon^ Dalhousie Castle Gardens., Jtily 24. Perth. — The crops have looked well up to now ; but I notice that the disease is commencing on the haulm, owing to excessive rains. P. IV. Fairgrieve^ Dunkeldy July 23. Stirling. — The Potato crop generally has a pro- mising appearance, the Champion variety specially. Maurice Fitzgerald, Duumore Gardens^ y^ly 23. Sutherland. — Early sorts are turning out well. There are no signs of the disease at present, but late rains are causing rather too much growth in the haulm. D, Melville^ DunroHn Castle^ Jztly 23. ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES. Cumberland. — The Potatos look very well, and the early sorts are a full crop, and of good quality. The blight has not appeared in this district yet, and should it not do so a full crop of the late varieties will be the result. J. Hammond, Bray ton, Carlisle, July 23. Westmoreland.— Both the early and late crops look very promising. — IVm. A. Miller, Underley Gardens, Kirkby Lonsdale, "July 23, Yorkshire. — The Potato so far is good in crop, very good in quality, and quite' free from disease. On Friday night and Saturday, July 21, 2-^ inches of rain fell, with the thermometer at 40°. If we do not get bright, warm weather after such a downpour disease, I fear, will set in on the early sorts. W. CuU verwell, TJwrpe Ferrow, Bedalc, July 23. — ■ — Ashleaved varieties of all kinds are turning out good crops. No disease upto the present. Late Potatos looking \yell. James Foivlcr^ Harcwood House, Leeds, J^uly 24. The Potato crop in this district is looking very promising. No appearance of disease at present. Robert C. Kingston, Brantingham Thorpe, Brough, July 24. The Potato crops both in the gardens and in the fields are looking very promising, with every prospect of producing heavy crops if only the disease keeps off. Owing to the unfavourable planting time, and the cold weather we have had more or less of since, kidneys are rather late in coming into use. They are now, however, plentiful and cheap. AHchael Saul, Siourton Casth\ July 24. Lancashire. — EatJy kidneys suffered a little at one time from Ihe want of rain, which affected the size of the tubers to some extent, but second early and late sorts are looking most luxuriant, and can hardly fail to yield heavy crops. In fields and in gardens they are making enormous tops, and are blossoming more freely than I have seen them for years past. /. Harrison, Anoii'sky, Prescot^ y«/y 23. Early varieties have produced very fair crops. Late ones promise very well, and up to the present I have not seen any trace of the disease. A. Jamie- son, Hai;ih Hall Gardens, IVigan, July 24. Early Potatos are turning up well, and late varieties are very vigorous and healthy in growth. There are no signs of the disease as yet. //. Lindsay, Huntroyde Park, July 23. MIDLAND COUNTIES. Cheshire. — Early and late sorts are both good crops. Large quantities are grown in this neighbour- hood for the Liverpool, Manchester, and Pottery markets ; up to this date they look well, and are free from disease. Robert Milne, Vale Royal Gardens, A'ortJixvich, 'July 24. ■ The early Potatos are good crops, not heavy, but clean and regular. Late crops are very promising, but inclined to grow to haulm too much. We find the disease amongst the early Putatos, though not to a great extent. 7\ Sclivood, Eaton Gardens, Chester, July 24. Notts. — Early Po'atns are plentiful, but not so lar^^e as usual, this we attribute to the small amount of really warm weather. There is no appearance of disease at present. Field Potatos are looking very well, and if a favourable autumn follow, a heavy crop is expected. A, Henderson, Thoresby Park, Ollerton, July 24. The last fortnight has been wet and cold, conditions which have not suited Potatos on our cold, stiff" soil. Early sorts are neither so early nor so fine as usual, but ihey are free from disease. Disease was reported a fortnight ago a few miles from here in some cottage gardens. Most Potatos have more flower than I have observed for some years past. Richard Carr, Welbeck, July 23. Shropshire. — Early sorts I have never known to be better, both in quantity and quality, and they are free from disease at present. I tind Veitch's Ashleaf a good early cropper, and of fine quality, followed by Myatt's Prolific, three weeks later than the former when planted at the same time. Of Sutton's Prize- taker I cannot speak too highly, it being a heavy cropper and of excellent quality. Late varieties in the field are looking remarkably well. Richard Milner, Sundorne Castle, Shreivsbiuy, July 23. Early sorts are a full average crop, good in quality, and so far quite sound. Later varieties are very promising, more especially a sub-variety of Magnum Bonum, selected by an enthusiastic clerical amateur in this neighbourhood. This is a vigorous, distinct-looking sort, with fine smooth broad foliage, and is said to be a better cropper and six weeks earlier than Magnum Bonum. Field Potatos of all sorts look remarkably well, and there is every pros- pect of a very full crop. James Louden, The Quijita, Chirk, July 23. Excellent, and so far free from disease, A. S, ICemp, Haughton Hall, Shifnal, July 23. Stafford. — Early varieties are turning out clean and good crops, and nearly free from disease. Some of the cottagers are complaining of finding a few dseased, where thickly planted, but I have seen none ; late crops are looking well, being strong and healthy. W, Bennett, Rangemore, Biirton-on-Trent, July 21. The crops never looked better ; my own excell all that I have seen here for the past five years. The disease has not made its appearance yet, but we want warmer weather. W, IVard, Little Aston Gardens, Sutton Coldfield, Jttly 23. I do not recollect ever having seen the Potato crops look better than they do here at present. Wm. Davidson, Sandon, Stone, July 23. Leicester. — The crops are good at this place ; I have not seen any diseased ones as yet. The quality is also fine, but if the wet weather continues much longer the disease will make an appearance among late ones. James Maclean, Beaumanor Park, July 24. At present healthy, and the early kinds pro- lific. Wm, Ingram, Belvoir Castle, July 23. Warwick. — Potatos are turning out a heavy crop, and free from disease. Hammersmith and Gloucester Kidneys have been the best among early varieties, and now we are lifting Webb's Surprise, which is an immense cropper and a good table Potato. Later varieties promise well. R, Greenfield, The Priory, IVajiaick, July 23. Potatos are looking very well, and early varieties are yielding good crops. I have not seen or heard of any signs of disease. £. Cooper, The Gar- dens, Highbury, Moseley, July 24. Northampton. — All vegetable crops are looking well, and I never saw the Potatos looking better. There is no sign of the difease yet. Edmund Cole, Althorp Park Gardens, July 23. Huntingdon. — Early Potatos are very abundant and of good quality, but rather late in ripening. I have not heard of any diseased tubers, though I have seen a little of the disease in the haulms within the last few days ; the wet, dull weather is favouring its development. Field crops and late varieties promise a plentiful and good supply. ^. Kennedy, Kimbolton Castle, July 24. Beds. — The crops are looking well, but the disease has made its appearance in places. Sunshine and dry weather-will now be very beneficial. Over an average crop and very good in quality. Geo, Foi'd, Wrest Path, Ampthill, July 24. Oxford. — Ashleaf and other early sorts gave crops of fine tubers without spot or blemish. Second and late varieties promise wonderfully well, with no sign of disease at present. J. Watson, Nunehajn Park Gardens, Abingdon, July 23. The Potato crops here, both in Ihe garden and field, are looking exceedingly wel', and I have found no sign of the disease at present. Thos. Buckerfield, ^hirburn Castle Gardens, Tetsworth, July 24. The Potato crops round here look promising. Garden varieties are turning out clean and well. BenJ. Hope, Middleton Park Gardens, Bicester, July 24. Bucks. — At the present time Potatos look very promising ; a little disease is, however, visible on the haulm, but we have not found any trace of it among the tubers which have been lifted. Geo. T. Miles, Wycombe Abbey Gardens, July 23. The crops with us are in splendid condition, and there is no appearance of disease, but I fear the wet weather will bring it. This has been a very fine .season for vegetables generally, everything being good . Thomas Bailey, Shardeloes, Amersham, July 23. Herts. — Potatos are turning out remarkably clean and good, Regents in the fields look very promising. I have heard that the disease has put in an appear- ance in the neighbourhood, but we have none here. Geo, Merrill, The Hoo Gardens, Wekvyn, July 24. Potatos look exceedingly well, and give pro- mise of an abundant crop of fine quality. R, Thompson, Gorhambury, St, Alban^s, Jzily 23. EASTERN COUNTIES. Lincoln.— My "Wilson's Early " is harvested, a full crop of fine tubers ; Myatt's are now in, and are really good in quality. Late crops are looking well. Magnum Bonums and Champions especially. No disease at present. R. Gilbert, Burghley Park, July 23. Early Potatos are good but small ; no disease yet. Late sorts are looking well, but fine weather is much wanted, or I fear the disease will soon make its appearance. Thomas Vinden, Harlaxton Manor, Grantham, July 24. Suffolk. — The early crops have been abundant and good in size and quality. Later cropsVrelooking most promising, and up to the present there is no appearance of disease. T, Wallis, The Gardens, Orwell Pai'k, Ipswich, July 24. Essex. — All our Potatos planted on newly trenched ground have failed. J. Douglas, Great Gearics, Ilford, July 21. SOUTHERN COUNTIES. Berks. — I never saw the Potatos look so well. All the early kinds are turning out good crops of fine quality, and quite free from disease. I, however, saw a patch or two diseased last week in some cottage gardens, and I am afraid if this weather continues it may spread. James Tcgg, Bearwood, July 23. Middlesex, — Potatos, so far (July 23) are looking well, indeed alf the breadths of late robust kinds are exceptionally healthy, and have improved under the recent rains, as previously the soil had become dry, and the crops were in danger of giving out. Whilst the crops also are almost everywhere late, there seems fortunately so far to have been absence of disease, though the spell of cold weather — including at times some truly cold nights — has told upon the leafage of many of the earlier sorts, and there is rust or speck on it that, without wearing any virulent aspect, seems to be disease. That such very low temperature with cold winds and storms must, if long continued, tell disastrously upon the exotic Potato plant, there can be no doubt, but, with the exception of the unusually late tubering, and suffering here and there from drought, Potato culture so far this year has been all couleur de rose. A, Dean, Bedfont, The early Potatos are turning out very well. The late kinds are looking well ; no signsof disease at present. John Woodbridge, Syon Gardens, Brentford. The crop generally is looking well ; early kinds, such as Veitch's and Myatt's Early Ashleaf Kidneys, are very good, and scarcely any diseased tubers have been found amongst them so far. Should the present weather, however, continue much longer I fear we shall have a large proportion of diseased tubers at taking-up time. T. P., Stanmore, July 23. Up to the present time the crops have looked well. After trying a good many sorts we find nothing better (taken as a whole) than Myatt's Prolific. Late kinds suffer so much from disease that we have given up growing them. 7* Willard, Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, Jitly 23. Surrey. — Remarkably healthy, and the fields in full bloom are quite a picture. They are also very good in flavour this year. W, Denning, Combe Lane, Norbiion, July 23. July 2S, iSSj] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 107 SffRREY. — Very gnod, ariil quite fice from cHscase. //. C. A/cRae, East Uorslcy Towers, July 23. Kent. — The haulm is looking strong and well, and there is every prospect of a heavy crop ; but the di.>e.ise has just made its appearance — I observed it for the first time on the 17th, in apiece of Early Rose. yohn Charllon^ Tuiil'>2(f_i;e IVtiis, Jitly 2\. Putatos are excellent ; late varieties are look- inji remaikably stroni:^ and healthy. R. Gray, Chcvca- iii;^, Scvowaks, July 23. Sussex. — I observe symptoms of the disease on the leaves of the American Rose, but not in any of ihe Ashleaf kinds, nor in any of the late sorts. J , Rust^ Eii,ioc Cas/k; July 23. The Potato blij^ht is showing itself in a very bad form — so much so that every one is taking up the crop. In some cases good sound tubers and a large crop have been stored. Veitch's and Myatt's Ash- leaf, also Sutton's Reading Russet, Prizetaker, and Fiftyfold have been very good with me. S. Ford^ The Gardens, Leonardslee^ llorshavi. The crops are excellent, but the disease is appearing in the tops. I have not seen any in the tubers at present. All other vegetable crops are good. F. Rutland, Goodwood, July 23. Potatos arc looking strong and well every- where, but the disease has shown itself in many places during the pa^t fortnight, though I do not hear of the tubers being affected much at present. Many persons are taking ihem up. The crops are excellent in quantity, but not first-class in quality; there has been too much wet of late. G. Brccsc, Peiworth^ July 23. Hants. — The crop is a good one in quantity and fine in quality, and all the early kinds are free from disease. Late sorts look very promising and free from disease about here. Wm. Sinythe, The Gardens, Basing Park, AUon, July 24. In field and garden Potatos could not possibly look better, and the quality of the early varieties is superb ; at present there is not the slightest appear- ance of the disease, and if we can but keep free of this I shall be safe in predicting that this year will be notable for cheap and good Potatos. The kinds most generally grown hereabouts are the old A^hleaf types and Lapstone for earlies, and for main crops Scotch Champion, Magnum Bonum, and Reading Hero ; both the latter kinds are rising in favour, but the former has been so badly diseased the past two seasons that it is fast losing popularity. IV. Wildsmith, Heck' field Place, Winchjield, July 23. Early sorts are a good crop and fine in quality, but during the last few days the disease has made its appearance- Late sorts look well, Thomas Myles, The Gardens, Appley Tozvcrs, Ryde, July 23. Throughout this district the Potato crop is an excellent one, and the disease was considerably later in making its appearance, in fact most of the early varieties are sufficiently ripe to he dug up out of danger; the weather is just as favourable for its development as it possibly could be. So far the main crop, or late varieties, are free free from it. F, Thirlhy, Broadlands, Rontsey, July 24. Wilts. — With us, and so far as I know in this district, the Potato crop is an excellent one, the ground being full of large tubers, which as yet are perfectly free from disease. The following, among many others, are varieties that cannot be too well known or extensively grown in the garden : — Inter- national Kidney (a truly grand Potato), Vicar of Laleham, Sutton's Reading Russet (an immense cropper), Sutton's Early Border, Schoolmaster, and Woodstock Kidney. H, W. Ward, Longford Castle, Salisbury. There is every prospect of a good crop of both early and late sorts, and although a few diseased tubers have been found amongst some of the early varieties there is, comparatively speaking, little cause to complain on this point ; by the time this appears in print the greater part of the crop of our early varieties will probably have been dug up and stored away. J. Horsefield, Heyteshury, July 23. The crops in this neighbourhood are wonder- fully good, and the quality excellent. Very few diseased tubers have been found. Thos, Aln^, Devizes Cattle, July 23. DousET. — The Potato crops are very promising, but the disease is just making its appearance, and I fear the wet weather will bring it on very severely. Many acres of Potatos have been planted around here this season. C. Hazel, Leioeston House, Sher- borne, July 23. WESTERN COUNTIES. Hereford. — The crops are promising well, and early kinds are free from disease. R. Abbey, lloline Lacey Gardens^ Hereford, July 24. Worcester. — Potato disease first appeared this season about June 30, Defiance Kidney being the first to show it, otherwise early kinds are turning out well and good in quality, and late crops look highly satis- factory up to date. IVilliam Crump, Madrcsfield Court, Malvern, July 24. All the Poratos are looking very wtli, and show no signs of disease. We find the Covcnt Garden Perfection and Veitch's Ashleaf good early sorts. The field sorts grown about here are principally Champions and Magnum Bonums. Geo. IVestland, ITilley Court, July 24. Gloucester. — The Potato crops in this district never looked more promising. The early crops are enormous, and good in quality. The disease has appeared within the last few days. Magnum Bonum and the Scotch Champion are free from disease as jet. y. Sowray, Hii^hnain Court, Gloucester, Jiilv 24. Monmouth. — I never saw the Potato crops look- ing better than they do here now, both in gardens and fields. I have seen no signs of the di'-ease, but hear it is in this neighbourhood. We are digging Veitch's Ashleaf, excellent in every way, and all other kinds appear equally promising. 1 homas Cooinbcr, Hendie Park, July 2^. Somerset. — The crops around here are the best we have had for many years, the quality excellent, and the quantity enormous. No trace of the disease has at present come under my notice, and the haulm both in garden and field looks all that can be desired. y, Austen, Ashton Court Gardens, Bristol, yuly 23. Over avenge, and very good. W. y. Roiuley, Kingsiocsion, Taunton, July 23. Devon. — Potatos are looking well everywhere. Early varieties have yielded crops of first size and quality. Disease is making its appearance in places, we purpose drawing up the whole of the haulm on its appearance, and scatter lime over the whole ground. I have not seen or heard of it in the tuber up to the present. Beauty of Hebron ranks as one of the very best for early work, and Sutton's Magnum Bonum main- tains the foremost position as the best for field work and general use for the winter and spring supply in this district. D. C. Powell. The crops in this neighbourhood are very fine. Kidneys large and good. With regard to late sorts there is every appearance of a good crop ; the haulm is strong and looking vigorous, and up to now very free from disease. A, Ayson, Oxton House Gardens, Ken- ton, yuly 24. A fine crop, and there is no disease. F. Geary, Eggesford Gardens, July 23. WALES. Glamorgan, — Potatos promise to be heavy crops, but the late rains have caused excessive top growth on the late varieties that bodes ill for their resistance of the disease when it sets in. Curl is rather pre- valent, especially on such sorts as Triumph, Trophy, Beauty of Hebron, and other tender American sorts ; and in such cases a few diseased tubers are to be seen. Field crops are looking well, and early Kidneys are turning out clean and good, Ralph CrossUiig, Penarth Nu! series, yuly 23. Montgomery. — The Potato crops are very healthy at present. IV. Lee, Powis Castle Gardens, Welshpool, yuly 24. Pemhroke. — The early varieties were a good clean crop, but a little later than usual. The second earlies are a very heavy crop, and the tubers are large and clean grown. The late crops also look exceedingly well. The first spots of disease were observed on the I2th inst., but it has made but little progress so far in spite of the apparently favourable weaiher for its de^'elopment. G. Gri§in, Slcbeck Park. Jnb- 23. '^ IRELAND. Cavan. — The crops look very promising through- out the county, and if the disease does not set in the yield will be an abundant one. Early sorts are turning out well, both as regards quantity and quality ; no signs of the disease as yet. W. y. Clare. — The crops here never looked better ; I don't hear a single complaint, nor is there any appearance of the disease as yet. William Wilson, The Gardens, Dromoland Castle, July 24.. Derry. — The crops are remarkably good, but we want drier weather. William Fleming, Palace Gardens, yuly 23. Fermanagh. — The crop promises to be a very good one ; all that is wanted is sun and heat to ripen the crop. Very little disease in this neighbourhood as yet. Williant Magee, Florence Court, Enniskillen^ July 24. Kildare. — The early crops have been very fine, and so far are free from disease, although for the past fortnight we have had an abundance of rain, with frequent thunderstorms, lic. The late crops, which are principally Champions, are looking remarkably well. I believe the cultivation of the Potato has much improved during the past few years, and th;it growers now reco;;nise the necessity of early planting and of frtqucnlly changing their seed — two golden rules hitherto little practised in this country. Philip Wadds, The Gardejis, Moore Abbey, July 23. CHANNEL ISLANDS. Jersey. — The Potatos were cut down in many places in April by sharp frosts — a very unusual occur- rence here ; but the crop lias proved an abundant one, Ed'vard J'ond, 7 he Vineries, July2T,. STREET PLANTING IN CALCUTTA. The following extract from a letter of Mr. C. B. Clarke may interest some readers of the Gardeners'" Chronicle: — *' I give you a list of the trees planted in the street on the east side of Tank Square, Cal- cutta (there are more than a hundred species of trees and large shrubs around the tank) : — Anihocephalns Cadamba •Mimufops Elengi MiUingtonia hortensis •Teclona graudis Grevillea robusta ' Ficus benghalemis •Ficus rcligiosa Causarina eqiiisetifoUa Micbelia champaca "Calophyllum Inophylluni *Ptercspermum aceritolLum ■^Rleiia Azadirachta Cedrela Toona "Cassia Siamea *Poinciana regia *Albizzia odoratissima *Lagerslrccmia Flos-Regina: With the exception of the Poinciana, Grevillea, and Casuarina, these are all Indian trees ; and all those marked with a * are in flower at the time of writing.' Some idea of the aspect these trees present when in flower may be obtained in the " North " Gallery, Royal Gardens, Kew, where paintings of nearly every one will be found. Respecting the temperature Mr. Clarke writes : — "Our shade thermometer rose to 98° to 102° daily by April 7, and has been somewhat higher ever since. It is said to be the hottest season since iS6g. The nights are just so hot that at 4 a.m. the perspi- ration streams over your ribs." W. B, H, PROGRESS IN LILY CULTURE. What were the Lilies of which TarquiniusSuperbua knocked off the heads with his walkmg slick in the palace garden at Rome, because they grew taller than the surrounding plants? Perhaps L. candidum and L. chalcedonicum ; for, though white Lilies were the favourites for decoration at banquets, red Lilies are also mentioned by Roman writers. But whatever they were, it is hardly likely that the royal gardener succeeded in growing them 5 or 6 feet hiyh ; and had Tarquin lived in these days he would certainly have been required to leave his cane at the gardener's lodge, before being admitted to walk in our gardens, where Lilium auratum grows S feet high, and L. pardalinum 10 feet. It is not, however, tall and rank growth that should be aimed at in growing Lilies ; it is amongst those with the most succulent stalks and vigorous leaves that mischief is likely to happen. After a warm and genial June, the dog-days are ushered in by cold rains — more frequently indeed in Cheshire than by fine weather — progress is checked, especially in the Japanese Lilies, which are altogether unused to such a climate ; a small brown spot appears on the side or near the point of the flower-bud, and alter that you may dredge with flowers of sulphur till the whole bed is yellow, but those beds will never produce a present- able flower. The practice of growing Lilies together in beds especially prepared for them, ditferent mixtures of soil being made acc:)rding to the requirements of dilTerent kinds, has been generally recommended, and much may be said in favour of it, for the soil which is best for such kinds as L. colchicuni and the varieties of L. Martagon, would be too strong to grow — for instance, the very pretty Lilies belonging to the L. elegans group ; but I am coming more and more to the belief that many Lilies do quite as well or better in the mixed border, if it is well drained and the soil good. The surrounding herbaceous plants give them just the shelter they want ; they get also a greater variety of situation, and one learns more in this way about their likes and dislikes, and they often grow finest in the most unlikely spots. Sometimes, when they have been planted for two or three years and quite forgotten, a splendid head of L. Humboldlirr L. colchicum will assert its right to be seen, and quite eclipse all the other plants in the border. Most of the L. auratum here liave now been three or four years in their place, and are permanently established, They perhaps represent the number io8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. rjULY 28, 1883. originally planted in the proportion of one to ten, but they will now begin to increase. To get a stock of this plant requires patience and perseverance. Those who buy a hundred bulbs when they begin to be im- ported, say in September, and plant them out, and find that at the end of a year nearly all are dead, should not on that account abjure the cultivation of L. auratum. They should recollect that these bulbs were dug up when in flower, encased in a ball of clay, and sent a voyage of 10,000 miles, to be re- planted in a climate and soil quite different to their own. The wonder is, not that so many fail, but that any succeed ; those that live to the third year may be expected to do well. But we may expect the market soon to be well stocked with bulbs raised from seed ripened in England. I am sceptical about acclima- tisation of plants, as the word is generally understood ; but it is certain that these bulbs will come to our gardens from the nurseries in which they have been raised from seed with many more chances in their favour. A dozen which I bought last autumn raised from English seed have a clean and healthy look in every leaf which I never saw from imported bulbs in their first season. But I am far from thinking that L. auratum is the most desirable of garden Lilies ; its large flowers are too much at the mercy of the weather : several American Lilies are better suited to these stormy Krameri thrives, for which my outdoor soil and climate are two wet. Several forms of Washingtoni- anum, which also perish out-of-doors, have flowered or are flowering beautifully. L. Humboldti keeps its foliage green and its stalk healthy to the opening of the last bud, of which each plant bears many, my largest spike having fifty-four flowers and buds. Another beautiful Lily, L. Hansoni, does well under glass, though it fails to flower well out-of-doors, in spite of vigorous growth, because the buds show so early as always to be damaged here by May frosts. L. Leichtlini, L. Parryi, L. parvum, all do better under shelter here than out-of-doors ; so do the longiflorum group of European Lilies, besides Mar- tagons, of which all the varieties seem to like strong soil and do well everywhere in this garden. L. mona- delphum, or'colchicum (if it may be called European), is one of the best. It does decidedly better in the mixed border, and in strong loam, than in the peat Lily beds. I tried planting some with a shovelful of ground bones mixed in the soil, and these, whether post or propter hoc, have the finest heads, numbering up to twelve and fourteen flowers. Three years ago I bought a very shabby-looking, dried-up lot at one of Stevens' sales for about id. each. It proved one of the best gardening invest- ments I ever made ; the bulbs all recovered, and contained all the varieties figured in Mr. Elwes' off before flowering, unless treated to raised beds, like L. elegans. L. candidum, L. chalcedonicum, and L. pomponium do tolerably well ; the former best amongst the Gooseberry bushes in the kitchen garden. L. chalcedonicum often has its buds iniured here by late frosts, to which it is not accustomed in its native country. L. testaceum thrives everywhere. As for L. giganteum, I think its cultivation will not be diffi- cult where the soil is deep and not too heavy, and the situation sheltered. It ripens seed so abundantly, and is with patience so easily raised from it, that many hundreds of thousands of flowering bulbs are likely to come into the market in two or three years, and probably at a reasonable price. A flowering head of it is a fine sight in a shrubbery, but many who have small gardens will think the room a plant takes for four years before flowering hardly compen- sated by one fortnight's display. In conclusion, I would advise all to plant Lilies according to the room at their disposal, and after two or three years to report progress. C. Wolley Dod, Ed^e Hall, Malpas, July 21. SARCOPODIUM DEAREI. Under this name the plant represented in the accom- panying figure (fig. 17) was recently exhibited at South Kensington by Lieut.-Colonel Deare, of Englefield ^ ■i^/\\\,\y :m^^ Fig. 17. — SARCOPODIUM dearei. dog-days. The most easily cultivated of them here is L. pardalinum and its varieties, of which the tallest grow 10 feet high, bearing about fifteen flowers in a pyramid. They delight in pure peat, but do not require it, though they grow less vigorously in ordin- ary soil. The finest variety is that known as califor- nicum, which seldom grows more than 5 or 6 feet high, and bears larger and fewer flowers. I have a spike this year with twelve flowers, the greatest number I ever saw. The petals of this variety are recurved, so as to meet in a pyramidal point ; the centre of the flower has a glossy white appearance, and the upper part of the flower is bright red — much brighter than the typical pardalinum. L. canadense does not flourish nearly as well in the same soil, and hardly makes any increase. L, Humboldti grows and flowers magnificently ; the same plant, however, does not flower well every year, and they are liable some- times to be attacked by spot before the flowering is quite completed. This Lily seems to do equally well in the peat beds, and in the mixed soil of a well drained border, but best of all in a bed sheltered with lights from winter rains, about which I must say a few words. Mr. Elwes in the introduction to his Monograph of the Lilies, recommends a covered bed of this kind. The size of mine is 20 feet by 12 feet, and I find it very successful. The lights are removed during warm and rainy weather in spring, but put on again to protect the Lilies when in flower. Here L. Monograph. This Lily ripens seed in abundance, and it comes up readily. A writer in the Gardeners' Chronicle (p. 75) tells us that the seedlings make flowering plants in three years. I wish he had told us how it is done, as I know horticulture can do great things, and there is such a thing as getting two years' growth out of one ; but Mr. Elwes says it takes ten years to flower this Lily from seed, and I have seedlings three years old which do not seem to be half way to flowering. This seed makes its first year's growth underground. The varieties of L. elegans which like a light, warm soil do fairly well here, only on raised very sandy beds ; but there is a class of Lilies, which I have supposed to be hybrids between L. elegans and L. croceum, which do well here, and, indeed, wher- ever I have seen them tried ; and for the decoration of mixed beds in our English climate cannot be too highly recommended. They make very large heads of yellow or crimson or dark orange flowers, flower- ing in June, and growing 3 feet high or more. Mr. Elwes says he cannot make out the parentage of these, which are raised, some in Japan, some in Hol- land or Germany. I think Mr. Ware refers them to L. davuricum ; in other catalogues they appear as varieties of umbellatum. But a full Lily catalogue has now become as intricate as a Bradshaio's Time Table, and requires as much education to understand. All the varieties of L. tigrinum do badly in the damp climate of my garden, often turning brown and going Green, near Egham. Whether it is a published name we have not ascertained. The genus Sarcopodium is not retained by Mr. Bentham, some of the proposed species being referred to Dendrobium, and the rest to Bulbophyllum. Our plant is clearly allied to Bulbo- phyllum Lobbii. We append an imperfect description. Pseudobulbs ovate, somewhat compressed, glab- rous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, channelled, dark green ; flowers solitary on peduncles arising from the base of the pseudobulbs ; dorsal sepal oblong, acute, olive-yellow, with purple spots ; lateral sepals spreading, yellow, with lilac stripes ; petals narrow, reflexed ; lip movable. ZENOBIA SPECIOSA, VAR. PULVERULENTA. This is a hardy shrub that every one goes into raptures over, and yet which few grow — why, it would be hard to say. It is of dwarf habit with leathery ovate leaves covered with a glaucous bloom, and not unfrequently, especially in the young state, flushed with pink. The numerous flowers are borne in racemes, and are in general form and colour like those of the Lily of the Valley, but larger. The plant is a native of North Carolina, growing in swampy places, but in this country a peat bed, or a light loamy soil suits it very well. It is easily propagated by layers. We do not know if any one has attempted to JOLY 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 109 force it, but if not, it would be well worth the trial. The green-leaved forms, Z. speciosa and Z. speciosa nitida, are handsome, but the variety pulverulenta here figured (fig. 18) is so much superior and so distinct in globose urceolate in Andromeda ; in the anthers, which are prolonged into long slender tubes in Zenobia, while they are blunt in Andromeda. The seeds of Zenobia are, moreover, cubical, while those Fig. 18.— ZINOBIA SPECIOSA, VAR. PULVERULENTA. (SEE P. I08.) every way that it is much to be preferred for cultiva- tion. The genus Zenobia is close to Andromeda, so close that it is a matter of suprise that it should be retained. The differences as given by Bentham and Hooker re- side in the corolla, which is bell-shaped in Zenobia, of Andromeda are compressed. For the specimen whence our illustration was taken, we are indebted to Mr. Maurice Young, of Godalming, whose love for plants has led him to retain many of the old favourites temporarily neglected by the caprice of the day. FOI^ESTI^Y. The Re-afforesting of Ireland. — The fol- lowing valuable contribution, from the pen of Vis- count Powerscourt, to the literature of a subject which is attracting much attention, appeared in the Times of Saturday last : — For some time past recommendations have been brought forward by Dr. Lyons, M.P., and other gentlemen as to planting the waste lands of Ireland, with the view of utilising mountain sides and parts of the country which are almost valueless for agricul- tural purposes, and are so covered with rocks and at so considerable an elevation above the sea level that it would never repay the outlay of reclaiming them sufficiently to enable them to be made use of for tillage. As I have executed some works of this kind, on what is, for Ireland, a somewhat extensive scale, I am anxious to lay before the public the result of my expe- rience, although I know that what I have done is not at all to be compared to the immense plantations formed in Scotland by the late Earl of Seafield and others. My work was carried out to a large extent by Mr, Charles France, who was then my forester, and who is now in the employment of the Earl of Mansfield at Scone Palace, but since he left it has been completed by other hands. The first plantation which I undertook, of any extent, was ona mountain opposite Powerscourt House, in the county Wicklow, where I enclosed some 350 acres as an addition to an older plantation, and planted it principally with Larch and Scotch Fir at an eleva- tion of from 600 feet to 800 feet above the sea. I then took in about 200 acres of another mountain at about the same elevation, looking, like the first, to the south and south-west. I will not go into details as to these plantations, except to say that they are thriving well, especially the first one, out of which I have been cutting poles for some years, because I was so much encouraged by their success that I undertook a similar operation on a larger scale, and the method was the same in each case. Before planting it was necessary to enclose the ground, and I employed a gang of about seven or eight men and some boys to build dry walls of the granite stone so plentiful on the ground round the sites of the intended woods. In the former cases the walls were built about 5 feet to 6 feet high, including a rough coping, the outer face of the wall being built perpendicular or with a slight batter inwards at the top, with the coping projecting some 6 inches to 10 inches outwards, to prevent sheep jumping up, the inner face being left quite rough next the wood. The country round is so much fenced with stone walls that there was no difficulty in finding men accustomed to that kind of work. They lifted and rolled the larger stones which they found nearest with crowbars till they formed a rough line for the lower part of the wall, some of the stones weighing several tons, and then blasted and chipped the faces of them, afterwards building up the remainder to the required height, at so much a perch, by contract. In the larger plantation, to which I intend more particularly to refer, it took seven years to build the wall round it, and it lies on the south-west side of the valley of Glencree, and embraces, at a rough guess, about 700 acres. It is about 2 miles long, by the road which runs along it at the bottom, and varies in width, being in some places about a mile wide. The upper boundary is determined by the shape of the hills, as it was useless to plant above a certain level. In this, as in the other cases to which I have referred, I had very little drainage to do, merely deepening and straightening the small natural streams running down the mountain so as to prevent the water spreading over the ground and soddening it. This plantation is at an elevation of some 500 feet at the bottom to 800 feet at the top above the sea. In the wall were placed, at the points where the streams ran down the hill, openings in the wall filled with iron gratings slung on chains with the bottoms loose, so that stones and gravel brought down by the winter floods should pass through and not stop up the waterways. The wall of the plantation was built from 6 feet to 7 feet high, as I had intended it to form an addition to the deer park at some future time. The cost of this wall was \\s. a perch of 7 yards, and there are about 1266 perches of it, so that the cost may be put at about £^ell, Po-Mki-ham Casth; Devon. iBrapes anb Uineries. The earliest houses, now that the fruit is cut, must have an abundance of air night and day, and plenty of clear water at the roots when the border is dry. Let the laterals grow out without stopping within reasonable limits. Houses in which ripe fruit is hanging must be kept as cool as possible by giving plenty of air on the front and back ventilators night and day, only closing them to keep out wet. Water the border when dry with clear water, giving sufficient to keep the borders plump and in good condition. Houses in which the fruit is colouring must not be kept at a lower temperature than 65° at night, with a rise of 10° by day, and during dull sunless weather not so much air will be required. On dull days do not damp the house down at all, and if the border is dry do not water it until a bright sunny day, when extra heat and air can be used to dry up the surface moisture. Late houses of Hamburghs in which the fruits are swelling must have liberal supplies of tepid manure-water at the roots, and be kept at a night temperature of 65°, with arise of 10° by day. Give air early in the day, and close early in the afternoon ; damp the paths and border several times weekly with weak manure-water while they are swelling, as the ammonia given off will benefit both fruit and foliage. Pull out any laterals that are not required, to prevent overcrowding, so that the foliage is fully exposed to the influence of sun and light. Muscats that are ripe can be kept as advised in my last Calendar ; those that are ripening must be kept at a night temperature of 70°, with a rise of 10° by day ; but if the weather is very dull and cold a few degrees lower will be better than excessive fire-heat. Keep the evaporating pans dry, and do not damp the paths or borders on cold sunless days ; and give a little air from the front and back ventilators night and day ; water the border IThe lOrcharb House. The trees in the earliest house will by this time have had the fruit gathered from them. If, as is not unlikely to be the case, red-spider has attacked the leaves, daily syringings will cleanse them. If the wood is quite ripe plenty of air ought to be admitted night and day, the trees to be well exposed to the sun. It is ditiicult when a house of any form is well filled with trees to place all of them near the glass ; the best plan is to give the shy-setting varieties, such as Barrington, Exquisite, Walburton Admirable, &c., the best places. Some varieties, like Early York, Royal George, &c., set well even under unfavourable circumstances. At this season the wood will ripen well out-of-doors. It has a deeper colour, and is generally well furnished with fruit-buds. Any very gross shoots may still be stopped, although it is a mistake to stop any medium or weak growths after this date, as they do not start to grow again, and as almost every bud on such growths is a blossom-bud, there are no wood-buds to carry the sap onward, so that the fruit drops off prematurely, and the growth dies back to the base. Any of the stronger shoots that grow too long after this may be cut back in the winter, or any time after the leaves drop. In pruning back the wood of Peach and Nectarine trees cut to a triple bud ; the middle bud is a leaf-bud when three of them are together. The fruit will now be ripening in the late house, and syringing must be discontinued. This alfords an excellent opportunity for the red-spider, which spreads over the trees like a blight, and speedily discolours the leaves. The only chance for the cultivator is to see that the trees are quite clean before the fruit arrives at the ripening stage. At this time the trees must be kept rather dry at the roots, or the fruit will not be of good flavour. The fruit should be gathered daily. A flat-bottomed basket should be taken into the house with a layer of cotton-wool in the bottom. Gather the fruit very carefully, and lay it on the cotton-wool, rtmoving the basket very carefully to the fruit-room, or some cool place. Give plenty of air while the fruit is ripening, but if the weather is cold and dull, and artificial heat can be applied, it is best to do so ; it helps to add flavour to the fruii, and also aids the ripening of the young wood. J. Don^las. iUhe iHrangery. In this department the work required to be done now is of the very simplest description. All that is necessary is to keep the trees growing freely, and in a clean healthy state. The fruit will be green, and swelling freely, in a moist atmosphere and night tem- perature of 65°. We dressed our trees this year with the same compost as we used for the Peaches and Nectarines, and it seemed to give them renewed vigour. The Orange tree likes rich composts and good loam of a tough fibrous character. This com- post is better than light fibrous peat, or leaf-mould, ot even these two mi,\ed with loam. J. Douglas. Sagittaria sagittifolia. — As seen in the wild state this is a handsome aquatic, not only from the large white flowers, but (amongst British plants) the unique and bold arrow-shaped leaves. The numer- ous deep purple or almost black stamens have the effect at a little distance of making the flowers appear two-coloured. Were it not for the evanescent nature of the flowers when cut, they would form an exceed- ingly chaste and welcome addition to the cut flower basket. Several fine spreading patches occur in the River Brent, Middlesex, and there is a figure of the species in English Botany, S4. Perhaps the double form is most frequently seen under cultivation, the flowers of which are puie white and more er.duralle. 112 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Carnation and Picotee Show, at Royal Nur- sery, Slough. Sale oi Imported and Established Orchids, at ProtheroE & Morris' Rooms. Buckingham Horticultural and Floral Society's Show. Sale of Exhibition Plants, at Enville Hall, by Protheroe & Morris {Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. i Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & 1 Morris' Rooms. \ Great Summer Show at Westwood Park, J Southampton (and on 6th}. ^ Great Summer Show in Sefton Park, Liver- \ pool (and on 6th). July 31 Wednesday, Aug. i Thursday, Aug. 2 Friday, Saturday, Aug. 4 IN a short time Gardeners, like other people ■who have the chance, will be ON their TRAVELS. They will refresh themselves by relax- ation from labour at home by observation of what is done elsewhere, and by friendly com- munion with their fellow-craftsmen. The value of all this is so generally recognised that it is quite superfluous to insist upon it. It may, however, be allowable to suggest that, in many cases, the most is not made of the annual holi- day— we mean that not sufficient change is introduced into it. A gardener leaves his own vineries and flower-beds, and straightway visits other vineries and flower-beds. This is right enough so far as it goes. The observation of the same plants, or even of the same methods of culture, as practised at home, under slightly different circumstances and conditions, is calcu- lated to afford, and does afford, valuable hints to the intelligent gardener. It enables him to divine the causes of his own success, and teaches him the source of his own failure. The friendly interest and sympathy engendered by such visits needs no pointing out. It is perhaps the most valuable result of the whole ; but it must be felt, not read about. Great as are the advantages of such visits as we have alluded to, it may be suggested that they should be varied by tours of inspection of a somewhat different character. A gardener coming to London, for instance, would natur- ally pay a visit to a flower show if there hap- pened to be one at the time ; and if we may judge from the remarks made to us, and the specimens sent to us by those gardeners who have few or very infrequent opportunities of seeing how things are done by the leading exhibitors, they would be somewhat surprised at the advance and progress that is being made. Such men would be better judges of progress than those of us whose lot it is to see most of the exhibitions as they occur. The London parks would afford abundant illustrations both of what to adopt and what to avoid, while the great nurseries and Chiswick must always prove a source of attraction to the cultivator. In all these places, however, the gardener will be more or less at home. He will see in practice— on a larger and better scale it may be, and with many modifications — the same sort of thing he is familiar with at home, or in the gardens managed by his friends and neighbours. Let him wend his way to Kew, and he will get on different ground. It is very surprising to us that gardeners do not more frequently visit this, in its way, unrivalled insti- tution, and more thoroughly avail themselves of its almost boundless resources. There is no sort of difficulty in the way. The gardens are open daily from noon till dusk, and even on Sundays they are open free to all from i p.m. Those gardeners who have special business, apart from mere lounging, or whose time is limited, may obtain tickets of admission at any hour on application at the Curator's office. One great thing for gardeners to remember is the special objects for which Kew exists. If they want to see bedding-out, or fruit forcing, or Odontoglossums with five spots instead of four on the lip, or Cattleyas with flowers 6| inches across in- stead of 6J, and so forth, they need not go to Kew — they will see better elsewhere. But if they wish to see the most extensive collections of plants ever got together — if they want to increase their knowledge of plants, and of the uses they may be put to — then they should visit Kew. If they want to form an idea of what plants are most suitable for particular purposes or particular places, then they will find Kew will supply them with an inexhaustible mine of information. Supposing the gardener is limited as to time, and cannot see the whole, as very few can do at one time — and supposing him to have no other special object to fulfil — we might suggest that he devote but little time to what is most popular perhaps — the show houses and the bedding-out arrangements — matters in which the ordinary gardener, it may be pre- sumed, needs relatively little information. On the other hand, there are whole departments which are comparatively little seen of gardeners, but which positively teem with subjects of interest and instruction for them. We need hardly do more in passing than men- tion the new rockery. In view of the growing taste for plants as distinguished from the formal counterfeit of the bedding-out system, a frequent inspection of the rockery and its contents be- comes specially important. The herbaceous ground, too — a department not very popular with the general public — arranged as it is in the formal gridiron style, supposed, but erroneously, to be essential to a botanic garden — should be a special object of in- terest for the gardener. But above all we would commend to him a careful and thorough inspection of the collections of trees and shrubs, deciduous and evergreen, in the pleasure grounds ; and we do so because, of all depart- ments of gardening, this is the one in which, at the present day, least seems to be known by the average gardener, and the average employer too. It would seem incredible, did we not have daily proof of it, how very little knowledge there is among practical men of the copious resources at their disposition. In this way people go on planting the commonest things, good enough in their way, but affording no variety. They arrange shrubbery after shrubbery in such a way as to be almost uninteresting and monoton- ous as a bed of "Geraniums." We believe the main reason for this is that people do not know the wealth they really possess. Journalists may describe and figure specimens, as we have been doing for nearly half a century — they bring the matter under the notice of the public in the only way open to them — but all they can do in the way of indication and persuasion is futile compared with the actual inspection of the plants which we now advocate. Much pains have of late years been devoted to getting together a large and illustrative collection of ornamental trees and flower- ing shrubs in the Arboretum at Kew. There are less difficulties in the way of securing a permanent and accurate system of labelling than in some other parts of the garden, so that the nomenclature is to be relied on with the more confidence. Of course in many cases the specimens are still young, and the trees have not attained their character ; others again are clearly not at home in their position ; but taking it all in all, we know of no more instruc- tive place for the average gardener and forester (and the forester is as little au fait with the variety of trees at his disposal as the gardener) than the Arboretum at Kew. We are surprised that it should be so comparatively little visited by the class to whom it is calculated to be most specially useful, and hope that our suggestion as to one way of varying a hohday may prove acceptable and profitable. The Weather.— The common remarks of the ordinary conversationalist of late has been, " How cold it is." There is no great amount of originality found in such an observation, beyond the evident fact that it seems sadly out of place in the middle of July. But then the remark has been too truthfully apparent to be pleasant ; there are some persons who are so preternaturally cool that they never feel the heat, and if a suffering perspiring Briton should suggest the trite, though commonplace observation, that it is hot, these exasperatingly cool people will assert that they thought it was rather cold than otherwise. Even the most hot-blooded being, however, could hardly have felt that the heat of the past week or two was oppressive, and the coolest of the cool might now and then have incontinently shivered. Such a change from brilliant summer weather to cloudy skies, rough winds, and cold driving storms, whilst certain to affect imjuriously even well- hardened human beings, must inevitably operate most harmfully upon vegetation — the standing corn crops that need heat and sunshine to mature them not least; but specially upon all those tender or exotic plants, now so plentifully grown in our gardens, and upon the health of which we depend so materially for edible products and beautiful flowers. One by no means sentimental gardener, when invited to sympathise with others who feared bad results from the cold storms, said that they were capital for the winter stuff ; but even winter stuff, useful as it may be, might be con- tent to fight its way into growth and strength without needing the help of weather that is so full of harm to its garden allies. What is good for that, may be the reverse for many of its tenderer but not less important garden neighbours. Potatos perhaps suffer more from the cold winds than other vegetables, the leafage is tender, and, whipped and bruised, soon decays. But worse still, the low temperature checks growth and tubering, whilst also it can hardly fail to promote the spread of the disease, A warm summer would have given us a splendid Potato crop, but a few weeks of October weather falling into the midst of the growing season may convert promised abundance into certain scarcity. Dr. Albert von Regel, the son of Dr. Regel, of St. Petersburg, as we learn from the Garteiifiora, was in Bokhara at the end of January, and intended trying to push on to Badachschan. By February 12 he had reached Darwas, where he had collected four species of Gagea, Colchicum croci- florum, Crocus Korolkowi, a species of Corydalis, a genus intermediate between Ornithogalum and Rhino- petalum, and Colchicum luteum. He hoped to reach the more eastern part of Bokhara, where in the higher regions a good many new plants might be ex- pected. The natives of Bokhara have made great advances in civilisation, and Regel was enjoying the luxuries of a table and chair and tallow candles, and even snuffers ! He states that they are beginning to build broad streets and plant them with trees. At Barpandscha, Afghanese in English military coats were seen. CovENT Garden Market.— At a meet- ing of the Metropolitan Board of Works on the 13th inst. the Works and General Purposes Com- mittee reported, with reference to a letter recently received from the Duke of Bedford, inquiring whether it is the wish of the Board to acquire Covent Garden Market as part of any general scheme for market extension. The committee recommended that his Grace be informed in reply that the Board, after carefully considering the matter, have arrived at the conclusion that it is not desirable for them to take any steps with a view to the acquisition of the market. The motion was agreed to. Influence of Radiating Heat on the Growing Parts of Plants. — In the Botanische Zezttii!g]VLius Wortmann is publishing the results of a number of experiments to test the influence of radiating heat on the growing parts of plants. When the article is completed we propose summarising it. The Father of French Gardeners.— The French gardening journals announce the death of Mr. Charpentier, head gardener at the Trianon Palace, Versailles, at the advanced age of eighty- seven years. He is described as the oldest of French gardeners, and as a hale, energetic man, who died in harness. Remarkable Fall of Pine Pollen. — C. £. Bessey reports the following circumstance in the American Naturalist: — In April of the present year, when he was gathering some water-plants from a prairie pond in Central Iowa, he noticed an abund- July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 113 ance of what turned out to be Pine pollen on the sur- face of the water. There are no native Pines in this part of the Stale, the only Pines being those planted for ornamental purposes. None of these, however, were in bloom, neither were the Pine forests of Min- nesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and northward. For some days prior to the finding of the pollen strong south-easterly, south-westerly, and westerly winds had prevailed. Mr. Bessey is of opinion that they carried the pollen, though how far it was carried he could not make out. However, he says it is certain that the distance could not have been less than three or four hundred miles. Abnormal Development of an Apple. — In the Revue Horticole for July I there is a figure and description o( a very unusual occurrence in a "maiden" Apple tree of the variety called Calville this season abundantly. It may interest some of our readers who may fortunately possess town gardens to know the names of the kinds growing there ; these were Blenheim Orange, Dutch Mignonne, Beauty of Kent, Dredge's Fame, Bess Pool, Counsellor, and that leather-skinned long-keeper, Norfolk Beaufin. Others are grown, but these are the bearers this sea- son. An attempt was made to grow the Ribston Pippin, but it has not been very successful, probably owing to the gravelly nature of the "subsoil. But those who would like to try to grow this favourite kind would no doubt succeed by making a hole as large as the tree is likely to extend its roots, filling up with heavy soil, which should be heaped up to about I foot above the prevailing ground level. Of Pears seen at this pretty place we noticed, growing as espaliers. Citron des Carmes, Easter Buerre, Gansel's Bergamot, Napoleon, and Beurre Clairgeau. These C. Jackmanni — a variety that for hardiness, vigorouB growth, and freedom of flowering, is unsurpassed, and for which a white counterpart has long been anxiously looked for. We had heard whispers that such a plant was in existence, but it was not until Tuesday that it made its appearance in public, and Mr. Charles NORLE, its lucky possessor, must be congratulated on his acquirement of such a prize. Mr. Noble showed a good plant, and — dare we say it ? — it was Certificated unanimously. So far as one could j udge, it could not be distinguished from C. Jackmanni except in its blossoms. It flowers on the shoots of the current season's growth ; its blossoms are mostly pro- duced in pairs, one shoot bearing ten pairs and a terminal flower, and, as in Jackmanni, as soon as the first flower dies off a cluster of buds spring up in its place. The petals nnmber four to six, and are faintly pink-tinted at first, becoming pure white with age. S. DODWELL. {See p. 117. Blanc. The plant in question was one of a number budded in iSSi, and the bud did not push until the following spring. It then grew vigorously, and in the axil of the third leaf of the shoot that proceeded from the original bud appeared a fruit. This fruit was perfect, and measured, when ripe, a foot in circumference ; and the shoot, we are informed, attained a length of about 5 feet 6 inches. Probably this is not a solitary instance of such a production ; yet it is an interesting fact, and worthy of record. Fruit Trei!! in the Suburbs. — We are so apt, in speaking of the trees which grow fairly well in our midst, as well as in the parks on our outskirts, to suppose that scarcely any others are found to be growing and doing well within the same districts ; and yet in the neighbourhood of Kensington fruits of various sorts succeed admirably, bearing good crops, and affording thereby much satisfaction to their pos- sessors. At Moray Lodge, Camden Hill, we noticed some very nice healthy Apple and Pear trees bearing were carrying very fair crops of perfect fruit, and the trees were making capital growth, thanks to the un- usual warmth of the season. Although loaded with dust, and sooty to the touch. Currants, Raspberries, and Gooseberries were also carrying good quantities of fruit. MiMULUS CUPREUS. — This bright little herbaceous plant is well adapted for a small bed, as well as for the rock garden, the colour, a bright orange-scarlet, rendering it a very telling plant for the former use. It does not exceed 6 inches in height, and the leaf-growth not more than 3 inches. It is propagated by division or seeds, which should be sown in the spring in very fine soil. Clematis Jackmanni alba. — To quote a familiar phrase in the literary productions of inventors, promoters, and others, *' a long-felt want " has been met at last. Far and away above all other Clematises for outdoor cultivation, stands the universal favourite Clematis Jackmanni alba is the hardy climbing plant of the season, and anxious inquiries will soon be made as to when it will be sent out. Let us hope we shall not have long to wait. London Roses.— This season has allowed the enthusiastic grower of Roses— and he must needs be an enthusiast who attempts the growth of this favourite flower in London— to reap the well-earned reward of his endeavours, the extra warmth, the comparatively cloudless skies, and the absence of much smoke, having combined to make this for him a season of Roses. His only regret will have been that the blooming season endured for such a span of time, owing to the same causes by which he attained his success. Hybrid perpetuals, Noisettes, and Bour- bons, have competed in giving beauty to the Rose parterre. We saw at Moray Lodge arcades of Roses, notably Aimee Vibert, sheets of snowy whiteness, and many new and old kinds in beautiful condition. The Teas are perhaps the only kinds that give so little 114 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICL. [July 28, 18S3. satisfaction ; but whether the winter cold following on imperfect wood ripening, the soil, or the "bbcks" were too much for them the gardener, Mr. McElroy, dared not opine. To produce these good results amongst the Roses generally the gardener employs heavy loam and cow-manure every year, either as a top-dressing or for freshly planting them. We saw also the Rose grown as a pot plant with a fair mea- sure of success at this place, and also as a wall plant. Vegetation of Brazil. — Another fasci- culus, the eighty-ninth, of the Flora Brasiliensis has lately appeared. It contains the first part of the Melastomaceae, elaborated by Professor A. COG- NIAUX. This fasciculus consists of 204 pages and forty-eight plates, and is restricted to the tribe Micro- licie^. Considering the numerous beautiful members of this family, it is surprising that so few are met with under cultivation. The tribe Microliciere is com- posed mainly of quite small-leaved plants, many of them having the aspect of the Epacridese. Genista Florida. — This handsome yellow- flowered Broom is well worthy of a place wherever choice shrubs are grown. It is a good plant either for the bolder parts of the rockery, where it is quite at home, or on the lawn, for which latter position its neat growth and bright golden blossoms make it very suitable. This variety flowers later than Brooms generally, and rather later than G. alata, the bloom- ing season being from the end of June till the end of July. Remedy for American Blight. — M. Bach, head gardener to Baron G. Rothschild at Chantilly, writes to the Revue Horiicole respecting a method of destroying American blight on Apple trees. This method M.. Bach recommends as being highly efficacious, and it is certainly simple enough. Two parts of water are added to one part of tobacco juice— just as obtained from the tobacco manufac- turers—and a small quantity of alcohol is added. The reason for the addition of the latter (methylated spirit would no doubt do almost as well as pure alcohol, which is an expensive item) is that it dissolves the fatty matter with which the insects surround them- selves, and this leaves them an easy prey to the action of the tobacco juice solution. Just before the buds burst last spring M. Bach syringed his affected Apple trees with the wash above-mentioned, taking care to wet thoroughly the places most severely attacked by the insect. The bark, which had assumed a whitish hue, soon changed to its normal colour under the influence of the insecticide. Although the first opera- tion appeared sufficient, a second syringing was given, as an extra precaution, a fortnight afterwards. At the present time the Apple trees so treated are in perfect health, and perfectly free from American blight. Of course small trees and orchards of limited extent could be perhaps more economically treated by apply- ing the insecticide with a brush. Propagation of the Walnut. — The usual method of propngating the Walnut is from seed, and it is stated that the varieties usually come true this way ; on the other hand, it is recorded that a sowing of seed of the variety Serotina yielded only 3 per cent, of the genuine variety characterised by its late flowering. Seed is the usual means of propaga- tion, because the Walnut does not graft so readily as many other trees. The Revue Horticole publishes the particulars of a method successfully practised by a Mr. Treyve, and strongly recommended to those concerned in raising Walnut trees. The method is simple, and not new, except, perhaps, in its applica- tion to the Walnut. One-year-old seedlings are grafted in the ordinary way, close down to the root, and then potted and placed in a close frame in a pro- pagating house, where the union is speedily effected. Prunus Jacquemonti. — Under the name of Shalizan Almond, seeds of this pretty shrub were pre- sented to the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Surgeon- Major Aitchison, who collected the plant in Afghanistan, and from these seeds a number of plants have been raised. As this is probably the first appearance of this interesting shrub as a subject cultivated in European gardens, a few words about it maynot be out of place. Until Dr. Aitchison brought flowering specimens with him nothing but fruiting branches existed in herbaria ; the ample material at his command, however, allowed a completed descrip- tion to be drawn up, and this was published in his " Notes on the Flora of Afghanistan," which'appeared in the 'Journal of the Limii^an Soc iety. The Kew plants are compact bushes, with slender branched twigs clothed with small serrated leaves. In the work above mentioned P. Jacquemonti is stated to be an *' extremely common shrub from Shdlizan to Alikhel. When the fruit is ripe, and the bush is covered with it, which is usually the case, it forms a very pretty object in the landscape. It would be worth cultivating for ornamental purposes." The rose coloured flowers appear at the same time as the leaves. A New Rose Stock.— In the Joitrnal des Roses for last month its Editor calls attention to the value of Rosa polyantha as a stock. Pieces of the roots are used, just as is the case with several other Rose stocks. When grafted the plant should be placed in a tolerably warm house, where they soon begin to make a most vigorous growth. On April 15 last M. Bernardin describes a graft a year old which he saw at Lyons ; it belonged to the variety Etoile de Lyon, and bore twenty flower-stalks. Rosa poly- antha (multiflora of Thunberg) is anative of Japan, and has been in cultivation in this country for some time. ■ The Ismenes. — The Peruvian Daffodil, Is- mene Amancae, and the Sea Daffodil, I. calathina, are now in flower in the cool compartment of the "T* range at Kew. Both are delightfully fragrant, hand- some Amaryllids, worthy of general cultivation. The first-named species was introduced from Lima to the Botanical Gardens at Glasgow about 1S39. In the Botanical Magazine I. Macleani, named in compli- ment to its introducer, is stated to be one of the plants so much celebrated by the Peruvians under the name of Amancses. It adds: — **And so great a favourite is this flower with the people, that the plain at the foot of the mountains where it grows, near Lima, bears the same name ; and one of the greatest festivals at Lima, called the ' Festival of the Aman- caes,' is thus described by a late intelligent visitor," Here follows a long description of the feast, extracted from Stewart's Visit to the South Seas. The Ismenes require complete rest and drought during the winter months, Darlingtonia californica. — The way in which this plant grows in a cold frame all the year round in Messrs. Backhouse's nursery at York, might well be taken as a lesson by those who attempt to cultivate it in heat. Planted out in sandy peat, where the copious waterings it receives can pass freely away, it luxuriates in a manner that is a pleasure to look upon. Although the plant dislikes fire-heat, naturally from the country whence it hails, it will bear a high temperature. The lights are kept close down without air whilst the sun is in full force on the plants, but are frequently taken completely off during showers, or on warm, dewy nights. Under such con- ditions, as a matter of course, the growth is not made quite so early as when artificial warmth is used, but the pitchers attain a large size, and are of the most beautiful colour. The New Hardy Water Lily, Nymph^a alba var. rubra, is in beautiful condition in Messrs Backhouse's nursery, growing in a small tank, pro- ducing its exquisitely beautiful flowers freely. All the coloured illustrations of this plant which have appeared fail to give an idea of its beauty, and the rich golden- yellow of its large tuft of stamens contrasts admirably with the bright pink of the petals. There is not a garden in the kingdom that would not have an addi- tional charm by the introduction of a receptacle in the shape of a miniature pond or tank wherein to grow this gem, as well as the white kind, along with other water plants that will withstand the climate, in- cluding the fragrant Aponogeton distachyon, Calla oethiopica, and other equally charming flowers. Roadside Gardens. — In a pleasant book recently published, in which an American gentleman tells the story of a run through England and Scotland, the writer speaks of the delight experienced by the party of which he was the conductor with the English country custom of cultivating flowers in the cottage gardens, and which added so much to the beauty of the country and the enjoyment experienced by the party on their varied yet delightful excursion. The custom, it seems, is not found in some other countries — in Ireland, for instance ; and knowing what we do of the contented prosperous condition of those English cottagers who delight in the cultiva- tion of flowers, we could hardly commend to Irish patriots who really have the love of their country and its poor people at heart a more pleasing and civilising influence than is found in the common cultivation of flowers wherewith to beautify their gardens. The man who, like thousands of our own cottagers, can happily spend evenings in his little flower garden, win have none of those brutal and murderous in- clinations which have made so many of the Irish peasantry a terror rather than a blessing. We owe this rural taste for flowers amongst the English working classes chiefly to two causes ; first and oldest is the good influence exercised by the gardener of the wealthy resident in a rural district, who incites by his example, and, perchance, good nature, amongst his poorer neighbours by giving them of his spare garden stock, and now and then permitting visits to his well-kept gardens ; and second, the stimulant to effort offered by local flower shows, which throughout rural England are giving encou- rageihent to labourers and the cottagers of every grade to find in the cultivation of flowers both pleasure and profit. We also find in the clergy many powerful aids to the promotion of a love for flowers among those with whom but little of such love has previously existed. Seldom do we see the rural clergyman in a more excellent position than when he, himself an ardent lover of flowers, and filled with an intelligent know- ledge of them, is occupied in making that know- ledge and that love widely felt amongst his poorer neighbours. Hedychiums Planted-out. — Hedychium veniistum and H. coronarium, although not unfre- quently seen under cultivation as greenhouse plants, for which their handsome foliage and deliciously scented flowers render them most desirable subjects, are seldom seen planted out-of-doors. Those who possess the plants, and have made use of them in their gardens, either planted-out in a clump on the lawn, with for instance a bordering of Caladium violaceum or C. esculentum, or planted in the border with the herba- ceous plants, will most probably, this season, be well re- warded by abundant growth of foliage and fine blooms. In preparing the ground for planting, care must be taken to mix a good quantity of well decomposed manure ; and a moderate portion of retentive loam may be incorporated with the staple soil, if that should be of too light a nature. In a dry season watering will occasionally be found necessary. The plants must be carefully lifted before the frosts set in, and be potted-up to stand under conditions of dryness in the greenhouse during the winter months. In the early spring they must be encouraged to start, by placing them in a stove or vinery at work. It may be stated that the perfume of the blossoms is very apt to cause headache, if the plants are kept in close dwelling rooms Mr. James George has, we hear, resigned his situation as gardener to Miss Nicholson, Putney Heath, with a view to establishing himself in business at 10, Victoria Road, Putney, as a dealer in tobacco- paper and other articles usually included in the term "horticultural sundries." Mr. George was gar- dener to Miss Nicholson for about thirty years, i5 at Stamford Hill, and 14 years at Putney Heath, and during that time, in a quiet, unobtrusive way, has rendered good service to horticulture as a hybridist and raiser of new varieties of several popular garden plants. Mr. George's father was, we believe, a nur- seryman and florist, and he himself may be said to have been born among flowers ; hence it is hardly surprising that from boyhood upwards he has been fond of hybridising and raising seedlings. One of his earliest Pelargoniums was a scarlet, named Georgiana, noted in our number for November 13, 1847, as being " deep and rich-coloured," and " the trusses composed of about forty flowers ; " but it was about the year 1S67 that he took up the zonal Pelar- gonium with any degree of enthusiasm ;^and having since that time obtained sixteen First-class Certifi- cates and put nearly 100 varieties in commerce through the agency of Mr. Turner, Messrs. Wil- liam Paul & Son, Messrs. J. & C. Lee, the late Mr. Geo. Smith, Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Messrs. James Carter & Co., and Mr. Potten, he cannot be said to have been unsuccessful. The Ivy-leaved Pelargonium was taken in hand in 1870, and by crossing the old Ivy-leaved variety with pollen taken from zonals, Mr. George obtained some first-rate novelties, though he found it very difficult to get many plants to take the cross. Three of his seedlings obtained First-class Certificates, and nine have been put into commerce. His latest improvements with Jl-LY 28, 1S83.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 115 this class are Dr. Masters and Future Fame, and which, independent of their fine quality as florists* flowers, are of considerable scientific interest, being, we believe, the first seedlings raised from hybrid Ivy- leaved varieties. Few of our readers, we suspect, are aware that it is to Mr. George that we are indebted for the dwarf strain of Tropreolums that have become so universally popular in our gardens ; but such is the fact nevertheless. It was about 1S61 that Mr. George first obtained the ** break," and the two first varieties sent out were Trop^olum compactum coccineum and T. cumpactum luteum, these being distributed from the Wellington Road Nursery of Messrs. E. G. Hen- derson & Son. After these came the varieties King of Scarlets, The Moor, Luteum Improved, Orange Gem, and others, the names of which we do not remember. In 1S75 Mr. George took the Abutilon in hand, and raised thirly-one varieties which have been sent out, and five out of which obtained First-class Certificates. His latest crosses have been between A. Sellowianum marmoratum and some of the varie- ties belonging to his own dwarf free-flowering section ; and, so far as we know, Mr. George is the only hybridist who has obtained a cross between Abutilon and Hibiscus. In early life Mr. George was an enthusiastic Chrysanthemum grower, a member of the old Stoke Newington Chrysanthemum Society, and the winner of two of its silver cups for specimen plants. He also assisted in the establishment of the United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society, of which he is now a trustee. Few men leave the gardening profession to go into business with such a "record " as Mr. George's, and his friends, we are sure, will heartily wish him the success that years of patient industry well deserve. The Tertiary Flora of Australia. — Baron Ettingshausen has lately published a very interesting contribution to our knowledge of the ter- tiary flora of New South Wales and Tasmania. The fossil flora of Australia is of more than ordinary inte- rest in comparison with the vegetation of the present epoch. Those interested in such matters will remem- ber Unger's somewhat sensational New Holland in Eioope^ wherein he professes to show that the vege- tation of the eocene period in South-eastern Europe was essentially composed of the same elements as the Australian vegetation of the present time. In the present work Baron Ettingshausen enumerates about 100 species of plants, a large proportion of which are referred to recent genera. Among those genera not represented in the recent flora we note Myrica, Betula, AInus, Quercus (five species), Casla- njpsis, Salix, and Magnolia. Of genera represented in the present flora, but not characteristic of it, Taberncemontana and Elaiocarpus are noteworthy. Prominent among genera characteristic of the present flora arc Eucalyptus (three species), Coprosma, Banksia, Ceratopetalon, and Pittosporum. —^ Stob/EA purpurea. — A good patch of this showy Composite is a fitting ornament for any her- baceous border. The somewhat spiny leaves give it a Thistle-like appearance, but the large flower-heads with spreadmg flat rays, attaining a breadth of 3 or 4 inches, quite alter the character and general aspect of the whole plant. There are upwards of fifty species recorded from the Cape, although few of them have at any time been introduced to this country. The present one is probably the showiest, rejoicing in its pale purple rays and a deeper coloured disc, while a number of the species have yellow rays, and others no rays at all. It is stated to abound in the valleys of the Winterburg, growing by the thousand in masses, as if in artificially planted beds. A large profusely- flowered clump in the herbaceous ground at Kew testifies to its hardiness in our climate, and the free- dom with which it extends itself by its underground rhizomes. LiLiUM PEREGRiNUM. — When Mr. Baker published his Classified List of all Knenvn Lilies in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, he placed ihe subject of the present note as a subspecies under L. candidum, the common White Lily. Mr. Baker adis : — *' Never seen in a wild slate, and now ap- parently lost from cultivation, in this country at any rate." L. peregrinum differs considerably from can- didum in its purplihh stem, much narrower perianth segments, &c. On the whole it is not so handsome a plant as the White Lily, but would be sure of a wel- come from all Lily growers. We recently saw L. peregrinum in good health flowering freely in Mr. Stevens' wonderful garden at Grasmere, Byfleet. Mr. Elwes in his Monograph gives the following in- formation respecting the plant now under notice : — The variety called peregrinum by LlNN.liUS, which is now seldom seen, was much grown on the Conti- nent two centuries ago, under the name of Sultan Zambach, and is said to have come from Constantin- ople. Leonard Rauwolf, a German botanist and traveller of the sixteenth century, met with it in Syria. It is considered by M. de Cannart d'Hamale a distinct species, and is said by Professor D. Don to have the style triangular near the apex ; but after ex- amining living plants, I think Mr. Baker is quite right in placing it under the head of candidum. There is also a double form in cultivation, which possesses none of the beauty of the single one, and is, like the striped form, a curiosity of no merit, Michauxia cami'ANULOIDES is certainly one of the most stately and beautiful members of a family (Campanulacece) which contributes a large number of highly ornamental plants to our gardens. Its large white pink-tinted flowers have a certain superficial resemblance to some of the Passion-flowers, and their position and recurved petals certainly bring the Martagon Lily to mind. The species was intro- duced to this country from the Levant in 17S7, and was shortly afterwards figured in the Botanical Magazine^ tab. 219. At first it was treated as a greenhouse plant ; probably the reason it is so seldom seen in gardens now is that our wet winters prove too much for it. The plant figured in the work just mentioned is described as having been — although in a small pot — nearly 6 feet high, branched almost to base, and loaded with a profusion of blossoms. All the species of the genus Michauxia are stated in books to be biennials, but a fine specimen now in flower in the charmingly situated vicarage garden at Pirford is —as we were informed by the Vicar, the Rev. Mr. Ridsdale — four years old. It must not be inferred, however, that the Michauxia is a perennial ; what it is meant to assert is that sometimes the life of the plant extends to more than a couple of years ; it never lives after flowering. Few plants are better worth attention for the decoration of the cool conservatory, and as pot plants they do not require particular skill or attention to secure success, Skneciu macrophyllus. — Of all the mem- bers of the enormous family of Composites which are now in flower in the herbaceous collection at Kew, this is certainly one of the most handsome. The Kew specimen is, however, far surpassed in size and beauty by a grand plant in the collection of Mr. Stevens, at Byfleet. This latter has glaucous green leaves between 2 and 3 feet in length, and nearly 1 2 foot across, and a stout flower-stem about 7 feet in height, bearing a pyramidal panicle of golden-yellow flower-heads. Mr. Stevens received his plant under the name of Ligularia thyrsiflora, but there is no doubt that it is identical with Ligularia macrophylla — the Cineraria macrophylla of Ledeeour's Icones. Ligularia is no longer kept up as a generic name, it is only used as the name of a section of the huge genus Senecio. Eryngium Bourgati. — Perhaps the most showy of the different species of Eryngium now in bloom in Mr. Stevens' fine coHeclion of herbaceous plants at Byfleet is the subject of the present note. It is a Western European species, being found in mountain meadows in the Pyrenees. It grows about 2 feet in height, and has deeper blue flowers and bracts than most of the other species of the genus, Mr. Stevens grew his plant under the name of E, Roylei, but a specimen from that gentleman com- pared with authenticated ones of E. Bourgati in the Kew Herbarium proved them to be identical. Colutea arborescens.— It is rather to be wondered at that freer use is not made of this highly ornamental shrub in private gardens. Truly, we occasionally meet with it in the London p:irks and at Kew, where large bushes have been conspicuous from the abundance, if not profusion, of yellow bloom for some weeks back. Moreover, they are scarcely less attractive when laden with their large inflated and singular seed-pods, which bear a considerable resemblance to the old cresset or oil lamp of our ancestors. In the typical plant these are green, but in some of the varieties, especially C. arborescens media, they assume a deep bronzy-red colour, and lasting in perfection for some considerable time are thereby rendered doubly interesting. C, arborescens is figured in the Botanical Magazine^ 81 ; and the variety media in "^KlisQu's Vcndrolo^ia B titan nicdt 140. The Potato Crops and the Disease.— The reports on the Potato crop, furnished by our correspondents from all parts of the kingdom, and printed in another place, are almost, without excep- tion, favourable ; and in spite of the low temperature, associated with an unusually large rainfall, that has prevailed for some time, we are still sanguine enough, seeing that a favourable change in the weather has set in, to predict a heavy crop. Up to the present time we have received no report of a bad attack of the disease. The paragraph that appeared in last week's number of Nature on an " unknown form " of the Potato disease, apparently describes, as far as it goes, the disease described and illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle (n.s., vol. xiv., pp. 264-5, iSSo) by Mr. WORTHINGTON G, Smith. We may be able to give some further information on this subject in a future issue. PRINOS glaber. — This is a pretty little'ever- green shrub of compact habit, with small leathery glossy dark green leaves and clusters of white flowers borne in profusion in the axils of the leaves. It is the "glabrous Winter Berry" of Loudon's Ar- boretiiniy and the "Inkberry" (so called on account of its black fruit) of Dr. Asa Gkav's Manual, It was first introduced to this country about 1759, and in all probability by Collinson, from whose garden at Mill Hill so many North American plants were first dis- tributed. Bushes of the Inkberry at Kew were in fine flower a fortnight or more since, but in Mr, Stevens' garden at Byfleet others, occupying a posi- tion considerably more shaded, were in perfection a few days ago, The Parcels Post. — So many of our readers are making preparations to take advantage of the new postal arrangements that we need make no apology for directing their attention to the rules and regulations which have been framed by the postal authorities for the working of this branch of the service, and which will be found at p. 122. The Weather.— General remarks on the temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the week ending July 23, issued by the Meteorological Office, London : — The weather has been generally cloudy, with frequent showers in the western and southern parts of the kingdom, and occasional heavy rain in the norlh-east. Ttiundersiorms occurred over many parts of Great Britain on the 21st and 23d. The temperature has been considerably below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 4° in the south of Ireland and south in Scotland and the South and south-west of England to S"" over the Mid- land Counties. The thermometer has nut reached 70" at any of our stations; in "Scotland, E.," 64'' was the highest point recorded, in "Ireland, N.," 63", and in "England, N.W.," 62". The lowest minima, which were registered either on the 20th or 23d, ranged from 39" in "Scotland, E.," "Eng- land, K.," and the Midland Counties, to 45° \\\ "England, S." The rainfall has been less than the mean in "Scotland, W.," and "Ireland, N.," but more in all other districts. In " Scotland, E.," and "England, N. E.," heavy continuous rain fell on the 2 1st, and ihe total amount for the week has been three times as much as the mean. Bright sunshine has been generally deficient. The percentages of pos- sible duration have varied from 15 in " Scotland, E.," and 16 in the Midland Counties, to 40 in " Scoi- land, W." Depressions observed ; — During the greater part of the week pressure has been highest to the westward and south-westward, and lowest to the east- ward of our islands, and moderate or fresh norlh-west winds have therefore prevailed generally. On ihe 20th and 2lst, however, a temporary interruption was occasioned by the complex area of low pressure which advanced towards our south-west coasts, crossed Eng- land, and finally passed away in a northerly direction over the North Sea, During its passage the winds were light and somewhat variable. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Thomas Denton, late Gardener to H. G. BAiNliKiDGE, Esq., Woodham Hall, Woking, Surrey, as Gardener 10 J. A. Strachan, Esq., Penrhyn Lodge, Surbiton, Kingston-on-Thames.— Mr. Wm. Hardv, late Gar- dener to the Earl of Enniskillen, and formerly at Vale Royal, Cheshire, as Gardener to Reginald Cokdet, Esq., Adderley Park.- Mr. S. Smith, fiom Vale Royal, as Gardener to Sir GeORGE Russell, Bart.j Swallowfield Park, Berks, ii6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883, THE CALADIUM. Those who are accustomed to visit many country flower shows cannot have failed to notice that at all of them classes are provided for Caladiums, and in most cases the plants are really well grown. The only fault I have had to find with them is that the same old sorts are exhibited over and over again. Such large growing foliage plants as the Caladium are not nearly so popular now as they were some years ago, yet there are few gardens without them, and in many gardens they would be better appreciated if some new, better, and more distinct sorts were intro- duced. They should be grown in the form of small plants to mix up with other stove subjects, where the high-coloured leaves of the Caladium show to the best advantage. They are very easily grown, and yet as they are seen in many gardens, with the leaf-stalks drawn up so that the leaves will not stand erect without support, they do not leave a favourable impression of the Caladium as a useful decorative plant. In some cases the gardener is not to blame, as his means are too frequently very limited, and the plants have to stand in some out-of-the-way corners while they are starting into growth in the spring. Indeed, this is exactly where the first mistalie in the cultivation of these plants is usually made, and no amount of attention subsequently will bring them into good form either for exhibition purposes or to show the rich and varied colours of the leaves to the best advantage. Cala- diums require a season of rest during the winter — of decided rest — but the corms will not keep sound in a cool-house. The best way is to lay the pots on their sides in a temperature of 55" during the winter, and there they may rest until the end of February or early in IMarch, when the corms may be turned out and potted, using good turfy loam, a little turfy peat, and some rotten manure, with some sharp sand to keep the compost open. Small plants may be potted in 3 or 4-inch pots, and they are exceedingly well adapted for mixing up with ilowering or fine-foliaged plants in the stove. Larger plants of course require larger pots, in pro- portion to their size ; indeed, in some districts the great competition of rival gardeners has caused the plants to be grown to such a size that each of them requires a couple of strong men to place them on the exhibition stage. Plants like these are produced in iS-inch pots, and show what the Caladium can be grown to when space can be afforded to allow large specimens to develope themselves. Of course few gardeners can find room for such specimens, and no one need envy those who can. The plants while making their growth do not like exposure to the sun, but they ought to have as much light as possible, and the leaves should be near the glass. If they were close to the glass, and at the same time exposed to the direct rays of the sun, the leaves would be scorched and rendered unsightly. If there are too many leaves it is best to remove some of them, as a mass of small foliage does not add to the dignity of the plant. Lastly, a selection of the best varieties is necessary. Some of the very old sorts may yet be grown in col- lections, such as Chantini, Chelsoni, Brongniarti, Max Kolb, Wightii, &c. ; and who would be without the pretty little argyrites, or the larger-leaved Bel- leymei ? But there are many recent introductions that have quite surpassed those good old sorts in general excellence. Candidum is the best of the white-leaved sorts. The effect of the foliage is similar to that of Belleymei, but it is as large again. Cardi- nale, a richly coloured variety which gained a First- class Certificate for Messrs. Laing, of Stanstead, in May last. Excellent is another distinct variety, with lighter markings. John R. Box has reddish-tinted leaves ; there are two or three others in this way, but they cost more money and do not surpass it. Madame Alfred Bleu is distinct and pretty. Meyerbeer, a dis- tinct and good variety, cannot be classed with the new sorts ; nor Prince Albert Edward, a still more beautiful variety, which has large foliage, the midribs and larger venation of which are of a reddish-crimson colour. Princess of Wales and Princess of Teck have greenish-yellow foliage, and are pretty. Besides Car- dinale Messrs. Laing gained First-class Certificates for two other new Caladiums, viz., Ornatum and Verdi, both distinct and pretty. J. Douglas, J40JME j^ORREgPOJ^DEJICE. Campanula urticaefolia flore-pleno. — Amongst the many tall growing kinds of perennial Campanulas just now being mentioned, I don't observe any notice of this variety. It is a very robust hardy kind, and is known as the nettle-leaved ; the spikes reach from 2 to 3 feet in height in good soil, and are covered with clusters of pure white flowers of beautiful form, each one including some three or four distinct bells, so that they are perfectly double, though ap- parently not so massive as are the double white flowers of C. persicsefolia. It came here from Mr. James Allen's garden at Shepton Mallet, with that truly beautiful hardy plant CEnothera Fraseri, which produces in such rich profusion flowers of the most pleasing shade of yellow to be found in a garden. Both deserve to be placed in the very front rank of hardy plants. I observe that without including the large turbinate section of Campanulas, the Cottage Gardener's Dictionary gives a list of over 1 20 hardy perennial kinds ; there must be many of these — assuming they are really distinct — that are compara- tively unknown in gardens. A, D, A Nutmeg Gatherer. — Amongst some interest- ing specimens recently received at the Kew Museum from Timorlant, collected by Mr. H. O. Forbes, is an instrument such as is used in Banda for gathering Nutmegs. The instrument is made of split Bamboo, and forms a kind of basket of an oval form, with an opening on one side. At the upper part of this open- ing are two projecting prongs of hard wood, set pretty close together ; at the opposite end is a light Bamboo handle. The whole apparatus is very light, and in gathering the Nutmegs while yet, of course, in Fig. 20. — INSTRUMENT FOR GATHERING NUTMEGS. their fruit, the instrument is pushed amongst the branches of the tree and the fruit caught between the two prongs of hard wood, previously described. By a jerk of the instrument the fruit is detached, and falls at once into the basket below. The contrivance is extremely simple, and does away with the necessity of erecting stages for the purpose of gathering the fruits, which is done in some countries. The sim- plicity of the contrivance, together with the ease with which the fruits are gathered by its aid would recommend the use of a similar instrument for gathering Apples or Plums in English market gardens or orchards. Some modifications for this purpose might be made ; for instance, a sharp piece of steel might be inserted between the prongs, by which means the stalks of the fruits might be more readily cut. A soft pad might also be placed in the basket or cage to prevent the fruits bruising in their short fall. Bog Plants. — I send a flower of the rare Par- nassia nubicola, which is of less stiff habit than P. asarifolia, but, like it, there seems to be but one blossom on each stem ; the flower stem is taller than that of P. asarifolia. Neither of these species equals in beauty the native Grass of Parnassus, with its bunches of bright golden balls ; but they have the same curious movement of the stamens. Each petal of P. nubicola has a small fringe of hairs near the base at each side ; can this be to prevent small insects from creeping in between the petals to get at the nectaries ? Blossoms of another bog plant, Saxifraga diversifolia, are also sent. Its branched flower-stems are about 2 feet high, and the deep yellow flowers are effective. The pink and white forms of double Ragged Robin, Lychnis flos-cuculi flore-pleno, are peculiarly light and feathery ; but though they like bog treatment they do not actually require it. They are now almost out of blossom. The wild Hypericum pulchrum, though not naturally a bog plant, is pretty enough to claim a place amongst good bog plants. It is about i\ foot high, and bright with golden star-shaped blossoms about half an inch across. The Sweet Flag, Acorus calamus, has , strongly scented leaves (when bruised), and is inte- resting from being quite unlike most Aroids in habit. But it is best to plant it in a pot before placing it in any bog bed devoted to choice plants, as it spreads quickly, and does much mischief The common Musk, for the same reason, becomes a dangerous weed ; but Harrison's Musk does not seem to have the same rapid growth of underground stems, and is a pretty bog plant, as is also the scarlet form of Mimulus cupreus. We completely failed in all attempts to grow Cyananthus lobatus till a small plant was put, by accident, into a watertight peat bed, a year ago. It is now nearly i\ foot across, and has quantities of flower-buds. The great beauty of this blue flower, slightly resembling an Achimenes, makes it worthy of a place in the choicest collection. Care should be taken to prevent its blossoms being spoilt by slugs. Amongst bog Ferns, Lastrea Thelypteris, Osmunda Claytoniana (very bright green), and O. palustris may be especially mentioned. The last named kind is like a miniature O. regalis, about i foot high, with brown tinted foliage. There is a curious peculiarity in a plant of variegated common Rush. The flowering stems have no variegation below the bunch of blossoms. The yellow line at one side then begins and continues to the point. In stems without flowers the line of yellow is continued through the whole length of the stem. This difference seems constant in all the stems on the plant, specimens of which are enclosed. C. M. Owen. Melon Grov?ing. — Various are the ways of grow- ing and managing Melons, but I never'saw any more successfully treated, or better, than a house of plants at The Chantry, near Ipswich, where Mr. Hobson, the able gardener, has some in a forward stage that average five very large fruits each, which, perhaps, may not be considered by many an extraordinary crop, but what is of far more importance than that is the perfect finish of the Melons, and keeping the foliage green and fresh to the end without which flavour is sure to be absent. The plan Mr. Hobson pursues is to run his plants right up to and over the trellis as far as he intends them to go, when the point of the leader is nipped out, and no more laterals are allowed to issue from the main stem than he fruits, nor are the laterals left allowed to run, but are stopped, and every leaf therefore has room to stand clear of the others. The leaves were remark- able for size and texture, and looked so firm, green, and hard, as to bid defiance to red-spider or other insects, no traces of which could be seen on the plants, which were perfect in health, and appeared as if they wanted to break loose somewhere, that they might let off a portion of their pent-up vigour and strength. The bed on which the Melons referred to are growing is made up of dung and leaves over a hot-water tank, and on the fermenting material a ridge of stiff loamy soil is laid, in which the plants are planted, with their collars high, the slight mound being formed by strips of turfy loam run round, inside of which no water is ever poured, but the roots are kept with an abundant supply beyond, over which part a mulching is applied, and under this the surface is matted with feeders. In the pits, where they are planted after Potatos, the plants look almost equally well, but instead of being trained out over the ground they are on trellises, which bring the leaves up to within 6 or 9 inches of the glass, and thus give full play for the air above and below, besides affording the fruit a much better chance of getting sun and light, so essen- tial for converting the crude juices into saccharine matter. J. SheJ>pard. Chrysanthemum segetum. — As the wild variety, grown in the gardens at Gunnersbury Park, is written of as being of straggling habit of growth, I have doubted whether the kind therein cultivation is the true one, as, having seen it growing in fields in various places from time to time, I have never seen it exceed- ing a height of 15 inches, and always of a stout com- pact habit of growth. Perchance growth in a field, as, for instance, amongst Turnips, would admit of a more compact habit being shown than where sown perhaps thickly in a garden. Flowers of the single yellow coronaria type bear no inconsiderable resem- blance to those of segetum, but the foliage and habit of the plants materially differ. Segetum in some soils is a most troublesome weed, and it seems odd to find it now being made of service as a garden flower, A. D. Potato Disease : Protective Moulding. — I should be glad if you would allow me a short space in your columns for a reply to **A. D." (p. 85). In quoting briefly the proposals regarding protec- tive moulding, the extract from vol. xviii., p. 38, was given, as is clearly stated, " for the informa- tion" of those who might not have read it pre- viously. Not a single word of recommendation— as "A. D.'s" remarks would imply — or its beneficial effects being mentioned, this being left for those who July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 117 may feel so disposed to find out by their own practice. To the incredulous question, " But is it really the Potato disease from which his Beauty of Hebron is suffering? " I would reply by saying that I shall be most happy to make "A. D." a present of a good supply of haulm, on condition of his paying the cost of carriage. I reiterate with emphasis that which I stated with regard to protective moulding at p. 54 — viz., " I cannot bring myself to believe that we shall derive much benefit from it ; of this, however, we shall be able to speak with more certainty in a few weeks hence." J. Uoisc/hiJ, Hivlcdiiiry. — — This afternoon I spent hall-an-hour examining a field ot Botatos at North Wootton. One single leaf affected with Beronospora was all I could find. It is the first time I have seen conidia this year on British Botatos. C/iarles B. Plown'^/ii, 7, A'/iig Slncl, King's Lynn, July 23. Everlasting Peas. — Although they do not offer so much variety as the Sweet Bea, which affords many varied shades of colour, they are of great value for growing on the foreground of shrubs, or at the back of wide borders, where, if they have proper support, they form fine masses that are as bold and striking as they are useful for cutting from. For this latter pur- pose they have no rival, as there is no end scarcely to the supply they yield, and it may truly be said that one may cut and come again, for with established plants the stems are numerous, and they flower on every joint as they keep on elongating, which they do for several months in the year. Not only do these Everlasting Peas afford quantity, but there is quality in the bloom, as besides the white being very pure, the petals are of good substance, and the flowers are therefore very lasting in water. The purple is the stronger variety of the two, and it is said that the white reverts back to that colour, but whether it does so or not I am not in a position to state. If such a change does take place it goes to show that the white is simply a sport from the other, but it is more likely that the supposed metamorphosis occurs through the one outgrowing and killing the others, which can hardly be called the survival of the fittest, as the white, if not the most robust, is by far the more preferable kind of the two, and quite deserving of all the care and attention that can be bestowed on it. Although these ever- lasting Peas will grow in almost any kind of soil they yield the best results in that which is deep, for when they can send their roots well down dry weather does not distress them, and they are able to continue lengthening and branching out and producing bloom. The way to increase the plants is by division, and the right time to carry that out is during spring, just as they begin to start, as then there is no fear of the wounded parts rotting, instead of which they quickly heal over, and new rootlets are speedily formed. J. Shcppard. The Bracken (see p. 86). — I quite agree with " H. n." as to the beauty of this plant when seen to advantage, at the same time I would caution any one against introducing it into any place where they wish anything else to grow, as when once it gets established in a soil that it thoroughly likes it becomes a perfect thicket about 6 feet high, and will kill everything before it that happens to be smaller in stature. Its underground stems also will fill the paths, beds, &c. near, and become a perfect nuisance. Wild garden- ing is all very well if the hobby is not carried too far, but a garden full of brakes will not satisfy any one. W, H. Divers, Burghley, Orchard Houses. — The use of these is clearly exemplified in seasons like the present, when there is little or no stone fruit about in the open ; but it is not so much costly structures that are needed as glazed sheds, which answer every purpose, provided they are only in sheltered positions, and large enough to contain plenty of air to prevent the internal tempe- rature running up and down too quickly, which is sure to be the case if the structures are small. Not only is it essential that an orchard-house should be large, but to be successful it must be light, this being of the first and greatest importance, and therefore the less timber there is about it the better will it answer its purpose. Although as plain as it is possible for a building of this sort to be, there is one at The Chantry, near Ipswich, worth seeing just now, as the numerous trees in it are laden with fruit ; and yet there is not a pipe in it, nor any means of applying heat to keep out the frost. Indeed, the great secret seems to be to let it in, as it is the retardation that brings about the happy result of an abundant crop, for by having the house wide open all the winter and spring the trees are kept back till late in the season, and when they come into bloom the weather is such, and the flowers are so strong that they seldom, if ever, fail to set. The only trouble Mr. Hobson appears to have under his system of management is thinning, the labour and time occupied in doing which this year must have been great, especially with the Plums, which set in dense clusters ; and the Peaches and Nectarines are also very full up the entire length of their branches. The trees are not in pots, but planted out in rather stiff soil that is very firm and hard, which firmness checks growth, and, no doubt, has done much to keep the trees small and in the fertile state they now are. At or before this time the ground is mulched, and heavy waterings given, which are continued throughout the summer as often as is necessary to aid the swelling of the fruit and keep the plants in good health. As the trees are treated on the cool system, by having the house con- stantly open, they are not syringed till the sun begins to bear much power, but when they do get it the water is applied with force and their foliage well washed, which keeps it perfectly clean and free from red-spider. The wood throughout is thin, which not only aids it in ripening, but exposes the fruit to the solar rays, which give it colour and flavour. J. ihcfparj. M. Dalliere's Winter Garden, — When at Ghent in the spring we obtained from our friend M. Van Hulle, a tracing of the ground plan of a winter garden which he designed, and which M. Alexis Dalliere has had constructed in his nursery in the Faubourg de Bruxelles (fig. 21). The house is a ridge- and-furrow structure of four spans, about 40 feet wide and 60 feet long, with the roof supported by iron columns. It was erected for the cultivation of Palms, Cycads, and suchlike fine-foliaged plants, but beautiful rose-coloured tint in the transparent part of the pitchers, which is very effective. C. M. 0. Sweet Bay at Milverton.— At Mr. Randolph's, at Milverton, 7 miles west of Taunton, there are three trees of Laurus nobilis, L., one of which I have measured. It rises with four trunks, the girth of which is — No. i, at i foot from the ground, 3 feet 3 inches ; at 5 feel, 2 feet 10 inches. No. 2, at I foot from the ground, 4 feet ; at 5 feet, 3 feet. No. 3, at I foot from the ground, 2 feet 6 inches ; at 5 feel, 2 feet I inch. No. 4, at I foot from the ground, 3 feet 10 inches ; at 5 feet, 3 feet. Before the cold winter of 1S81 these trunks were 40 feet high ; they are now a few feet shorter. They all rise from the same root, and are every year loaded with ripe berries. The other two trees are nearly as large. As there is probably no other of equal size in these islands, or anywhere short of Portugal and the Mediterranean, I have thought it worth recording in your Chronicle, R. C. A. Prior. Fig. 21. — MR. dalliSre's winter garden. instead of treating the interior as would be done in this country, M. Dalliere preferred the gardenesque style, which is extremely picturesque, while, at the same time, being equally as economical in staging space as though straight stages had been used. The beds are raised about 2 feet high, with narrow walls along the side sof the path, and the plants, being plunged in tan, with light all around them, make a free and clean growth. Sarracenias at Glasnevin. — There is a special interest in seeing the first plant of the first hybrid Sarracenia, S. Moorei (S. Drummondi x S. flava), still grown at Glasnevin, and about 2 feet high. It was exhibited by the late Dr. Moore at the Botanical Congress at Florence in 1874. Few people could have guessed that in less than ten years there would be such a number of varied and beautiful hybrids as are now to be found. At Glasnevin alone there are hundreds of hybridised seedlings from one to four years old, amongst which there will probably be many good new forms. These seedlings usually blossom the fifth or sixth year. Among the earlier hybrids is S. Popei, named after Mr. Pope, who has been for many years at Glasnevin, and who evidently takes as much interest in the culture of Sarracenias now as when the first successful attempts at hybridising them were made. Here, as elsewhere, every attempt to obtain a hybrid between any Sarracenia and the Dar- lingtonia has failed. The bright deep crimson colour of S. Chelsoni contrasts well with some of the lighter- coloured kinds ; S. flava maxima has a dark-veined hood, and there is a form of S. variolaris with a E. S. DODWELL. As co-Honorary Secretary of the Southern Sec- tion of the National Auricula Society, and also of the National Carnation and Picotee Society, Mr. Dodwell, whose portrait we publish on p. 113, is as well known in the South 0 f England as in the Midland districts, where he resided for so many years. His name is a household word among florists all the world over, and, like many another man whose good fortune it has been to contribute to the lists of florists' flowers varieties that will be grown for years to come, he is much more widely known by reputation than in person ; and many will look upon our portrait of this distinguished florist with feelings of gratitude as well as of interest. A man of great energy of character and almost invincible deter- mination, Mr. Dodwell has for a period of thirty years been a prominent figure in the ranks of florists, and he is as greatly respected and admired as he is widely known. From his boyhood Mr. Dodwell had a keen delight in Nature. In imparting some recollections of his early life Mr. Dodwell writes : — " A severe attack of scarlatina in my eighth year quite broke up my health — never robust ; and for three years I was the victim of the then orthodox and merciless medical practice. The miserable patient, however, was not cured, and did not die ; and so, after three years of experiment, I was given over as incurable, and left to the charge of a loving mother's care. A beneficial change was soon apparent. Soon, instead of lying helpless in my cot or invalid's chair — in which on every favour- able occasion I was drawn out for change of air — I was able to sit up, and then, leaving it for a brief while, wander in the sheltered nooks and sunny glades to which I had been taken ; and grass, and leaves, and flowers were to me a source of never-failing delight and repose. My grandfather, in a wing of whose house I was born, was the possessor of a tine orchard, and, for the locality, a superior garden. Here, regularly in the season, came a village worthy well versed in the cultivation of fruits and flowers, to prune and train and propagate as the time demanded and the subject required. I watched his work with attention and an ever-increasing interest, and soon was permitted to call a little plot of garden mine. So began my love for the garden and delight in the beauties of Nature. With the partial re-establish- ment of my health I went again to school, and then, soon after I had reached my fifteenth year, was placed in London — a post in a large commercial house having been given me by a gentleman of high standing and repute in the City." Such, then, began the weakness of constitution which has remained to Mr. Dodwell until this day, and that love for flowers which he will never lose until his life shall have run its course. How Mr. Dodwell pined for home and his plot of garden ground can be imagined. The work of the counting-house kept him employed twelve hours daily, and when it was over there was but little leisure. But he found compensation for his loss of country life in becoming a member of the City o London Literary and Scientific Institution, then at its zenith, and in its reading-room, library, discussion and music classes found a source of interest and information which has served him to good purpose throughout a useful life. Before Mr. Dodwell was twenty-one years of age he was made chief clerk to the house, and having experienced indications that his health would not long sustain the strain laid upon it, in 1S44 he exchanged his position for one of ii8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. a similar kin'l in the then largest manufacturing house at Derby. There was renewed his work in the gar- den. Mr. Dodwell commenced to form a collection of Carnations and Picotees ; he visited Mr. Charles Turner, then in business at Chalvey, to see the best flowers grown ; and later at the Royal Nursery, Slough. Here, in his new sphere of labour, he sought to stir up floricuUural aptitudes, and finding the exhi- bition at Derby at that time limited to the proprietors of a few florists' flowers he recommended its expan- sion and the reconstitution of the existing Society upon an open basis, and was elected its Honorary Secretary — the late Duke of Devonshire kindly ac- cepting the office of President. For a few years the Society struggled against adverse influences, but patience and perseverance prevailed, and before seven years had passed the Midland Hor- ticultural Society was known as one of the most suc- cessful of provincial associations — successful, that is, in the skill and note of its leading exhibitors. " The institution of the Society," writes Mr. Dodwell, "and its work brought to me a host of friends, now, alas ! mostly passed over to the majority, whose genial recognition and kindly sympathy will ever remain amongst my most prized remembrances. Some few, indeed, remain, though in some cases, like myself, the force and vigour of life has much abated, and it is a most grateful satisfaction to me to know there is no diminution of their kindly sympathy or genial regard ; whilst of my friends and following of a younger gene- ration who have come forward and filled the vacancies in our ranks, I feel I cannot too gratefully speak of the honours they have so spontaneously and volun- tarily heaped upon me." Of Mr. Dodwell's work as a cultivator it may be stated that his business engagements at Derby per- mitted no leisure for competition outside the Carna- tion and Picotee. Of his success as a seedling raiser we may speak with more freedom. By working on a well-known and recognised law of physiological development, previously to some extent unthought of by workers in the same field — the law of selection of parents — from the first a success attended his efforts, which even to this day he regards as surprising. And the success which has come to him in these later days has simply enlarged and extended that surprise. Let it not be thought that Mr. Dodwell is in any degree oblivious of or thinks lightly of the efforts of his friends and friendly competitors in this sphere of work ; and it may be safely assumed that no one knows better, and no one, we are sure, rejoices more over the great and glowing results they have attained. May we not say of raisers generally, that any sense of mere selfish gratification is lost in the more human and generous thought that they are working for the com- mon good, and that success is valued in that it imparts an added delight to their fellow men. "I have been ever sensible," writes Mr. Dodwell, "that the work I have been permitted to do has been limited in its scope, and appraised by the favour and sympathy of too partial friends at a value far beyond its desserts. None the less am I indebted to those of my friends, and none the less shall I omit to declare that I have worked with my whole might ; I have reverenced and respected my work, admitting and proclaiming the insignificance and fallibility of the individual. I can admit neither insignificance nor unworthiness in the pursuit. I feel, to adopt the language of the late Rev. George Jeans, ' it is ele- gant, instructive, scientific, and prolific of gratifying results. Twice in the course of his long floricuUural life Mr. Dodwell has had conveyed to him the sense of his friends and fellows on the value of his work in that form in which, operating on his pocket, is said by cynics to be the most conclusive evidence of an Englishman's opinion — first in 1854, and then again in iSSi, when from broken health Mr. Dodsvell was necesslted to take rest and relief in a purer air than at Clapham. On the first occasion advantage was taken of the annual exhibition of the National Carnation and Picotee Society at Derby, on August 8, when there was a large gathering of florists, and particularly of those interested in the Carnation and Picotee. The chair was taken by the late iMr. John Edwards, and the presentation was made by the late Mr. John Frederick Wood, the Editor of the Midland Florist : and among other things he said, " Years ago, before he knew Mr. Dodwell, he (Mr. Wood) used to visit Derby as a judge, and though his friends were then in earnest — they heartily desired to present their flowers worthily before the public — he must say their exhibitions were very insignificant. Earnestly as they strove there was a want— and a very large want — always perceptible. There was a want of arrange- ment—a want of effect ; in fine, there was a want of a master mind. Mr. Dodwell came amongst them, a total stranger ; he had no ordinary difficulties to sur- mount, but with unflagging energy, indomitable per- severance, and unconquerable pluck — choosing always to do that which was right, and to oppose that which was wrong — he had steadily pressed on until Derby, from a fourth or fifth-rate position, might proudly say her exhibitions gave place to none in the provinces." Undoubtedly in the qualities ascribed by Mr. Wood to Mr. Dodwell we have the key to the position Mr. Dod- well holds amongst his fellows, for they are qualities which create confidence and command respect. The strict discipline of business which long practice made part and parcel of himself was of incalculable advantage and value in the organisation and conduct of societies such as Mr. Dodwell has led, and which we hope he may still continue to lead. As a raiser of Carnations and Picotees, Mr. Dod- well's work extends over a considerable number of years. While resident at Derby he was most success- ful with the Picotee, and produced the following varieties : — Red-idged.—Ms.xy, light. Purple-edged. — Alfred, heavy ; Mrs. Turner, heavy ; Amy Robsart, light ; and Mrs. Bayley, heavy. Rose-ed^ed. — Fanny and Minnie. This list may not include all the Derby-raised flowers, but all the foregoing were considered very fine in their day, and proved of great value to exhi- bitors. Carnation, S.F., John Bayley was raised at Derby ; it was one of the best of its class, and can be found in some collections to this day. The following Picotees were raised by Mr. Dodwell when living at Clapham a few years ago : — Red-edged. — Blanche and Hilda. Purple-edged. — Edith. Rose and Scarlet-edged. — Daisy. It is since he has resided at Oxford that Mr. Dodwell has scored his greatest triumphs as a raiser, and espe- cially with the Carnation. In a list issued recently by him appears the following, illustrating his activity as a producer of new varieties : — Carnations : Ke^^v Scarlet Bizarres. — Alfred Hudson, Master Stanley, Tom Power, Tom Brown, Caractacus, Dandy, and Smike. Older Varieties. — Arthur Medhurst, Ben Simonite, Charles Turner, Edward Adams, Fred, George, George Rudd, Harry Turner, James Mcintosh, John Hines, Jim Whittaker, Job Matthews, Little John, Philip Thomas, Raynor Johnson, Rembrandt, Robert Lord, Thomas Bower, Titian, and William Syms. Nc-elaginella Braunii ; 4, Adiantum cune- atum ; 5, A. decorum? — S. Y. Centranthus ruber. — G. C. Cox, Broughtonia sanguinea. — A. B. C. Liliuni Davuricum. — J. Phillpotts. Apparently a starved specimen of Rhododendron Blandfordias- florum. Oaks : E. W. G. The Memel, Dantzic, and Riga Oaks derive their names from the ports of shipment. They belong to the same species as the British Oak, Quercus Robur, of which there an.- two forms, sessiUflora and pedunculata. Pelargoniums : C. B. Mansfield. We cannot under- take to name garden varieties of Pelargoniums, or any other florists' flower. Raspberry : y. H. C. Your Raspberry leaves are affected by a fungus which is new to me, but which shall receive further attention. M. y. B. Stephanotis : Ed. Hillier. The flowers received, accompanied by your statement as to the remarkable freedom with which the plant is flowering, afford abundant evidence of high cultivation. If the flo- riferousness continued under indifferent cultivation the variety would be worth looking after. Strawberries : If. Lovel &* Son. The condition in which the fruits arrived was not satisfactory. The paper bags should have been made of stouter material, and these again should have been packed in soft, dry moss, instead of half-made hay, which is the very worst material that can be used for packing either fruits or flowers. The fruits were all of good size, and had apparently been gathered in excellent condition. ViNEKY : H. H., Bournemouth : The earliest vinery may be planted with Black Hamburgh, and Posters Seedling as a white Grape. The second or succession house may be lilack Alicante, Madrosficld Court, and White Muscat of Alexandria. You could include a litack Hamburgh in this for early use, and at the cooler end. Your border seems to be well prepared, only you should make a drain down the middle, giving the soil a slope down to it. It should be made of uncemented materials. When making the border place the turves with the grassy side downwards on the brickbats, and leave out the Heatlier, which in decaying might harbour injurious fungi. It will not be requisite to make up the border to a width of more than 5 feet at first, i foot of that being outside the wall or arches. You can use in your poor soil ^'5 crushed bones, lime rubbish rather more. Burnt refuse is also good if it be thoroughly mixed with the other portions. Leave out the rotten manure, and avoid making your soil over-porous, as roots like to feel the soil aU round them, and can then absorb more from it. Messrs. Keynes & Co., Salisbury. *^j* All communications intended for publication should be addressed to the " Editor," and not to the Publisher or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor would also be obliged by such communications being written on one side only of the paper and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Intelligent Readers, please note: — Letters re- lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT to the Editor. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem— Coloured Plates of Plants, Flowers, Fruits, &c. J. M. Thorburn & Co., 15, John Street, New York — Tree Seeds, &c. W. Lovell & Son, Driffield, Yorkshire — Select List of Strawberry Plants, Communications Received.— H. J. P. — H. A. — W. W. — C. \V. — Leadenham -L. Kienast Zo.ly.— E. W. & S. — W. H M.— Diss.— H. W. W. — H. E. — Dr. Bonavia.— G. H. C— J. D.— W. J. M.~G. F. W.— J. S— W. H. D.-J. L.— Hooper & Co. — W. H. F.— C. B. P. — F. H.— Dr. W. O Focke.— M. D.— J. M.— J. L.— C. W. D.— J, O. B.-C. N.— W. M, — H. L. C. Jarhcts. COVE NT GARDEN, July 26. [The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales- men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations are averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating the price at any particular date, still less can they be takcQ as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed,] Trade brisk. Cherries improved ; otherwise prices the same, with the exception of black Ciurants, which are easier. Jajnes Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sieboldii, per dozen .. ..12 Arbor-vitse (golden), per dozen . . . . 6 — (common), dozen 6 Begonias, per doz. .. 6 Bouvardia, doz. . . 12 Calceolarias, dozen... 4 Cockscombs, doz. ., 4 Coleus, doz. . . ..3 DracEcna term. doz. 30 — viridis, per doz. . . 12 Erica, various, doz. 12 Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..9 Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 Ferns, in variety, per dozen . . . . 4 d.s. d. 0-24 0 0-18 0 Q-I2 0 0-12 0 0-18 0 0- q 0 0- 9 0- 6 0-60 0 0 0 0-24 0-36 0 0-18 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 ^. d. s. d. Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io o Fuchsias, per dozen 6 0-12 6 Hydrangea, per. doz. 9 0-24 o Lilium longiflorum, per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o Liliums, various, per dozen .. ..12 0-30 o Lobelias, per dozen 30-60 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ..12 0-24 o Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-iz o Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen . . 2 6- g o — decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o Cut Flowers. — . s. Abutilon, 12 bunches 2 Asters, 12 bunches.. 4 — French, per bun. 2 Bouvardias, per biui. i Canterbury Bell.buo. 1 Carnations, 12 blms. i — 12 bunches . . 3 Cornflower. 12 bun., i Dahlias, 12 bun- .. 4 Delphinium, p. bun. o Eucharis, per doz. .. 4 Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3 Gladioli, 12 spikes,. 2 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Lapageria, white, 12 blooms . . . . 3 — red, 12 blooms., i Lilac (French), bun. 4 Liliums, 12 bun. ..12 •Average Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Marguerites, 12 bun. 6 o- g o Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 o- q o Marigolds, 12 bun... 20-40 Myosotis, or Forget- me-not, p. 12 bun. 20-60 Pelargoniums, i2spr. 09-10 — zonal, 12 sprays 30-60 Pinks, 12 bunches . . 20-60 Primula, double, bun. 1 o- i 6 Pyrethrum, 12 bun . . 30-60 Roses {indoor), doz. 20-60 — (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-60 — coloured, doz. . . 30-80 Spirsea, 12 bunches. . 6 0-12 o Stephanotis, 12 spr. 16-30 Stocks, 12 bunches.. 40-90 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 30-60 _ J - . Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 40-60 6-70 Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10-20 0-18 o I White Jasmine, bun. 10-16 124 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (July 28, 1883. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Cherries, ^-sieve .. 7 o-io o Currants, Black, %• sieve .. ..36-., ^ Red, J4-sieve ..33-50 Figs, per dozen . . 20-30 Grapes, per lb. ..10-30 Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33 5. d. s, d, LemoDS, per case ..15 0-20 o Melons, each . . 20-36 Peaches, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-36 — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o Strawberries, per lb. o 3- o g Vegetables — Average Petail Prices. s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz. . . . . 3 o- 4 o Asparagus (Sprue), per bundle . . 26- . . — English, bund... 36-80 Beans, Fr. grown, lb. 04-.. — Scarlet, per lb. . . 06- . . Eeet, per doz. .. i t>- .. Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20 Carrots, new, p. bun. 06-.. Cauliflowers, Eng- lish, dozen . . 20-30 Celery, per bundle ..16-.. Cucumbers, each . . 06-10 Endive, French, per dozen . . ..20-.. Garlic, per lb. ..10-.. Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04 s. d. s. d. Horse Radish, bund. 40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per dozen . . . . r o- . . — Cos, per dozen . . r 6- . , Mint, green, bunch.. 06-.. Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20 Onions, per bunch , . 06- . . — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, English, quart I c- .. Radishes, per doz. ..16-.. Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-.. Small salading, pun. 04-.. Spinach, per bushel 36-.. Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- . . Tomatos, per lb. . . r o- . . Turnips, new, bun. 04-.. Vegt. Marrows, each 04-.. Potatos.— Jersey Poutos much diseased, and trade bad ; Kent Kidneys, £5 to £6 per ton. SEEDS. London : July 25.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report that in the absence of business quotations for farm seeds continue quite nominal. New Trifolium is in fair supply, the price being moderate. The new Rape seed shows poor condition. The same can be said of some samples of new Trefoil. There is an im- proved sale for sowing Mustard. White Millet for birds, being exceedingly scarce, commands an advance of 2S. per quarter. Other articles at this quiet season call for no remark. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday the large arrivals of Wheat tended somewhat to retard improvement, but 6d. to ij. rise was mostly quoted. Flour followed to the e.vtent of 6d. per sack. Barley was very firm, and some asked advanced rates for grinding sorts. Beans and Peas met a quiet demand at unchanged rates. Maize showed better value for both round and fiat corn, but more especially for the former. Oats were firm at the full currency of Monday se'nnight.— On Wednesday the Wheat trade was dull, but prices remained steady. The demand for flour was limited, and the trade slow. Maize on the spot was again rather firmer, with light arrivals. Beans and Peas, with shrinking supplies, tended against buyers. Oats having come in more freely, the trade was slow.— Average prices of com for the week ending July 21 : — Wheat, 421. 2d. ; Barley, 27J. lod. ; Oats, 23J. 2d. For the corresponding period last year :— Wheat, 491. 21!!. ; Barley, 27J. 8d. • Oats, 24J, 8d. CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday there was a good demand for cattle, and rather higher prices were ob- tained in some cases. Canadians sold at 5J. 4^. to 6s. ; choice small at 6s. 2d. ; Danish, at 4J. 8d. to 51. 6d. : and Swedish at 41. 6d. to SJ. per 8 lb. The sheep trade was quiet, partly owing to the dulness in the dead meat markets. The lamb trade was slow, owing to advance of the season. Calves were dull of sale. Quotations: — Beasts, 41. 6d. to sj. ^d,, and 5X. 6d. to 6s. ^d. \ calves, y. 4d. to 6.1. 6d. ; sheep, sj. 31;. to 6s. 2d. , and 6s. 4d. to 7J. ; lambs, 7s. to 8s. 2rf. — Thursday's trade was steady. Both beasts and sheep were in demand, and firm in value. Calves and Iambs were quite as dear, but pigs dull. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that supplies were moderate, and trade steady, at the follow- ing quotations : — Prime Clover, 105J. to 120J. ; infe- rior, 60J. to yos. ; prime meadow hay, 70J. to 92J. ; inferior, 40J. to 501. ; and straw, 30.;. to 42s. per load. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old meadow hay, 92J. to looj. ; inferior, j2s. to 84^. ; new, 70J. to 841. : superior old Clover, Ii2j. to 120s. ; inferior, 841. to 951. ; new, 841. to 105J. ; and straw, ^Ss. to 431. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that there were fair supplies and a quiet trade. Quotations : —Jersey kidneys, js. to 8.t. ; ditto round, js. ; Cher- bourg round, 6s. 6d. to 7s. ; ditto flukes, 7s. to Si. ; Kent kidneys, loj. ; and Essex shaws, 7s. per cwt. — The imports into London last week were: — 2133 bags and 2510 packages from Jersey, 507 cases 472 bo-xes Barfleur, and 500 boxes from Cherbourg. COALS. The following are the prices current at market during the week ; — Ravensworth West Hartley, 14J. gd. ; Walls End — Tyne (unscreened), ii.r. ; Helton, 19J. ; Hetton I^yons, 17.1. ; Lambton, i8s. 6d. ; Wear, 17J. ; South Hetton, igj. ; Tees, 19J. 3^. Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday at 99I to 99I for delivery, and 99^ to ggj for the account. The final prices on Tuesday and Wednesday were ggf to 99I for delivery, and 99 J to 99' ' for the account. There was no alteration on Thursday. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.G. W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Eunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent post-free on application. TENANT'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES, made in lights and easily erected, lower part framed and panelled ; painted two colours. Improved Ventilating Gearing for houses over 12 feet long. Glazed ■with ai-oz. Glass, and Painted 3 coats of good oil colour. Specimen size, 12 feet by 8 feet, £,-2S 3^- 6i. For brickwork, ;^2o. LEAN-TO HOUSES for building against e-vistiag walls, similar to above, 15 ft. by 10 feet, £,2i,, or for brick- work, ;^i9. Portable Cu- cumber Frames, painted 3 coats, glazed 21-oz. glass, 2-light Frame. 6 feet by feet, ^3 4^. dd. Cases 45., allowed when returned. All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station, Illustrated Catalogue free on afplicaiioii,. . FRA2ER, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwich. mmm. xHKHCATE ROAD , LONDON. N.Wc No. 74. Tliree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. CAS// PR/CES— Carriage Paid. No. 2 size ., 8 ft. long ,. 6 ft. wide .. £4 15 o No. 3 size .. 12 ft long .. 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o No. 4 size .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 850 These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights turn over. Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best 21-oz. English glass. GKEENHOUSES Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses. NEW CATALOGUB. NOW HEADY, FREE ON APPLICATION. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. Cucumher Frames. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to • draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered to any station in England :— ^ s. d. 2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) t, , ■ f 3 o o 3-liehtframe, i2feetby6feet }- r- TS -^ 5 5 o 6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet ) '"*'*^" "^^ ( 10 o o The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for brick pits at proportionately low prices. R. HALLIDAV AND CO.. Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. Conservatories and Greeahouses, &c. H FREEMAN and SONS, HORTICUL- • TURAL Builders and Hot-v/ater Engineers, Cam- bridge Heath Bridge, Hackney, E. — Good substantially made GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fixing, 21 feet by 13 feet, £2^ ; 12'^ feet by 10 feet, ^[5 ; 10 feet by 5 feet, £,?,. SPAN- ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by ry feet, £,60 ; 21 feet by 13 feet, .^31 loj, ; 13 feet by 8 feet, /iS, LIGHTS, &c., in Stock. »1R0N FEN ei NEGATES,*: . . Cataloguesfree on application , BAYLISS,J0NES & BAYLISS WOLVERHAMPTON London Offices,3,Crpoked Lane KingWilliam ST.fC CABSON'S PAINT. Patronised by HER MAJESTY, HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, 15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy. Is extensively used for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames. CAN BE LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LABOUR. I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations, Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free, C ARSON S, LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON. E.C. ; BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN; and 55, ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST. Discount for Cash. Oil Faint No Longer Necessary. ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork. Wood or Stone. {Registered Trade J*^arA.) H "^^Wilt/^^t This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor work, while it is* fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have befin received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at zs. 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. " Pierce/ieZd Park, y««^ 21, 1B76. — Sirs, — I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours respectfully. Wm. Cox." CA UTION.—Hii.i. & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; ajid their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article. Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing, Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates, &c. , sent free on application to HILL and SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan Street, Glasgow. J. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with kaised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."' Samples and Price Lists free, J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon. July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 125 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (Established 1841) CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC, REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS, REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST, HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Special attention is given to tiie following subjects :— ALPINE PLANTS. ARBORETUM— The. BEDDING PLANTS. BEES. BOTANY. BULBOUS PLANTS. CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS. CONIFERS. DISEASES OF PLANTS. EVERGREENS. EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. FLORISTS' FLOWERS. FLOWER GARDENS. FORCING. FORESTRY. FRUIT CULTURE. GREENHOUSE PLANTS. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. IMPLEMENTS.— INSECT.S. KITCHEN GARDENING. LANDSCAPE GARDENING. LAWNS.— LILIES. MACHINES. MANURES— Analyses of. MARKET GARDENING. NEPENTHES. ORCHIDS — including a com- plete List of those in culti- vation. PALMS. PLANTING. PLEASURE GROUNDS. POMOLOGY. POTATOS.— POULTRY. RHODODENDRONS. ROCKERIES. ROSES. SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES. STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS. SUCCULENT PLANTS. TOWN GARDENING. TRAINING. TRAVEL— Notes of. TREES — Deciduous .and Ever- green. VEGETABLE CULTURE. VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY VINES. WALKS.— WALLS. WEATHER.— WEEDS. WINDOW GARDENING. WOODS, &c., &c., &c. Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., and Others. Among the Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned ;— ABBAY, Rev ANDERSONa.) ANDRfi(E.), Paris ANTO I N E ( F. ), Vienna . . ATKINS (J.) BADEN- POWELL (H.) BADGER IE. W.) BAINES(T.) BAKER (G.) BAKER (J. G.). F.R.S BALFOUR (Professor) .. BALL (J). F.R.S BANCROFT CG.).M.D. BARRON (A. F.), Chiswicic . . BENNET (H.), M.D., Mentone BENNETT (A. W.) BENNETT (G ), M.D., Sydney BENTHAM (G), F.RS. BERGMAN (E). Paris .. BERKELEV(Rcv, M.J,), F.RS. BLACKMORE (R. D) .. BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens BLOW(r. B.) BOiSSIER(E.>, Geneva BOSCAVVEN (Hon. & Rev. J. T.) BOULGERCG. S.), F.L.S. BRIGHT (H. A) BRITTEN (J)- British Museum BROWN (N. E) BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden, Glasgow BURBIDGE (F. W.), Botanic Garden, Dublin CARUEL (Professor). Florence.. CASPARY (Prof.), Kcenigsberg.. CLARKE (Col. TRLVOK) CLARKE (C. B.), F.R.S. COBBOLD(T. S.), F.R.S. COLEMAN (W.), Eastnor Castle Gardens . . COOKE (M.C.) COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) .. CORREVUN (H ). Geneva COX(J.]. RedleafGaidens CREWE (Rev. H. H.) .. CROSSLING (R.), St. Pagan's Caslle Gardens CROUCHER (J.) I) ARWl N (ihe late Charles) DEAN (A.) DEAN (R.) D'!;CAISNE(thelate Prof.), Paris DE CANDOLLE (A), Geneva.. DEHERAIN (Professor), Paris , . DOU(Rev. C. \V.) DODWELL(E. S.) DOUGLAS (J.), Great Geaiies, Ilford DOWNIE (J.), Edinburgh DRUDE (Professor), Dresden .. DUCHARTRE (Professor), Pans DUTH1E(J. F.), Sahatunpore.. DYER(BERNARD) .. DYER (Rev. T. F.) DYER (W. T. T), F.R.S. EARLEY (W.) ELLACO.MBE (Rev. H. N.) .. CofTee-leaf Disease. Orchids. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Garden Botany. Garden Botany. Alpine Plants. Queensland Correspondence Fruit Culture. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Australian Correspondence. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Diseases of Plants. Pomology. Practical Gardening. Bees. Garden Plants. Landscape Gardening. Vegetable Physiology. Notes from a Lancashire Plant Lore. [Garden. Garden Botany. Orchid Notes. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Garden Botany. Diseases of Plants. Practical Gardening. Fungi. Australian Correspondence. Alpine Plants. Practical Gardening. Garden Plants. Practical Gardening. Succulent Plants. Physiology of Plants. Practical Gardening. Floriculture. Garden botany. Garden Botany, &c. Vegetable Chemistry. Garden Plants. Florists' Flowers. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Chemical Analyses. Flower Lore. Garden Botany. Practical Gardening. Garden Botany. EICHLER (Professor), Director Imperial Botanic Garden, Berlin ELWES (H. J) ENGELMANN (G.), St. Louis. . EVERSHED(H) EYLES(G.) FELLOWES (Rev. E.) .. FENZI (E.), Florence .. FISH (D. T), Hardwicke Gardens FISH ER (Rev. O.) FITCH (W. H.), F.L.S. FLEMING a), Cliveden Gardens FOSTER, Dr. M., F.R.S. FROST (P.). Dropmore Gardens GIBSON (WM.) GILBERT (J. H.). F.RS. GLAISHER(J.). FR.S. GRAY (Prof. ASA), Boston GREEN (Charles), Pendell Court GRIEVE (P), Bury St. Edmunds GRINDON(LEO) HANBURY (T.), Mentone .. HART (J). Jamaica HEER (Professor O.), Zurich .. HEMSLEY (W. B.) HENRY (I. ANDERSON) .. HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra HENSLOW(Rev. G.) .. HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.C.S.I. HORNER (Rev. F. D.) HOWARD 0- E.), F.R.S. HUDSON (J), Gunnersbury Gardens IM 'raURN (EVERARD), British Guiana INGRAM (W.), Belvoir Gardens JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum JOLY(C,), P.iris KILLICK (L), Maidstone KNIGHT (H.) KOLl! (MAX), Munich KRELAGE(J. H.I, Ha.arlem .. LANGE (Prof), Copenhagen .. LAVALLEE(ALPH.), Paris .. LEES(E.), F.L.S LEICHI'LIN (MAX), Baden Baden . . LINDUERG (Prof.), Helsingfors LYNCH (R. I ), Cambridge Botanic Garden MACLACHLAN(R.), F.RS. .. MANGLES (J. H.), F.L.S. .. MARIES (C) MARTINS (Prof), Montpellier.. MAW (G.). F.L.S MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia .. MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin Gardens MICHIE (C. Y.), Cullen House, Banff MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey Gardens MILLER (W.), Combe Abbey .. MONTEIRO (Chev.), Lisbon ,. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Conifers. Garden Literature. Landscape Gardening. Roses. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Roses. Illustrations. Practical Gardening. Plant Physiology. Practical Gardening. Town Gardening. Vegetable Chemistry. Meteorology, (jarden Botany. Plant Culture. Practical Gardening. Garden Literature. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Garden Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Garden Botany. Florists' Flowers. Cinchonas. Flower Gardening. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Economic Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Fruit Culture. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Tree Lore. Garden Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Insects. Rhododendrons. Japan Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Crocus — Garden Plants. American Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Colonial Notes. Australian Plants. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. MOORE (F.), Glasnevin Botanic Garden . . MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge .. MORRIS (D.), Jamaica.. MUDD (C). South Africa MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.), Melbourne MURTON (H. J.). Siam NAUDIN(C.), Antibes .. NELSON (C. J.), Orange Free State . . . . . . . . Foreign Correspondence. NESFIELD(MARKHAM) .. Landscape Gardening. NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum. OLIVER (Capt. S.) .. .. Foreign Correspondence. OLIVEIRA (/. D'), Oporto . Foreign Correspondence, OLLERHEAD (J), Wimbledon Park Gardens Practical Gardening. ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects. OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am- sterdam . . Foreign Correspondence. PAGET (Sir James) .. .. Diseases of Plants. PAUL(WM.) Floriculture. PEAKE(A, W.) Vegetable Chemistry. PFITZER(Prof), Heidelberg .. Orchids PH1LIPS(W.) Fungi -Plant Diseases. PLANCHON(Prof), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence. or /-^n/o ir. LIT. /,-. V c : ni-^.i,. PL0WR1GHT(C.) PRESTO (H.), Trinidad,. PYNAERT(E,), Ghent .. REGEL (E,). St. Petersburg REICHENBACH (Professor) RIVERS (F.), Sawbridgeworth ROBINSON (J. F) RODIGAS. (E.), Ghent .. SARGENT (C. W.), Boston SAUL (M.), Stourton Gardens SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). .Adelaide Colonial Notes. SCHUBELER(Prof), Christiana Foreign Correspondence, SHEPPARD (J), Woolverstnn Gardens SIEMENS (Dr.), F.R.S. SMITH (A.). Hyeres .. SMITH (W. G.), FL.S. SORAUER (Prof), Proskau .. SURINGAR (Professor), Leyden SWAN (\V.), Fallowfield . . SYME (G.), Jamaica THURBER (G), New York .. TIDMARSH, Graham's Town .. TOUARI) (P.amn). Palermo TRIMEN (H), Ceylon WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens .. WARD (H. W), Longford Castle Gardens .. .. .. WARINGTON (R.) WATSON (SERENO) .. WEBSTER (J.), Gordon Castle Gardens.. ,. .. .. Practical Gardening. WEIR (H.), Brenchley .. .. Gardening for Amateurs. WESTWOOD (Professor) . . Insects. WILDSMITH (W.), Hecklield Gardens Practical Gardening. WILSON (G. F.), F.R.S., .. Lilies. &c. WILSON (D.) Practical Gardening. WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence. WOLKENSTEIN.St.Petersburg Foreign Correspondence. With many others. Fungi— Plant Diseases. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Orchids. Fruit Culture. Bees. Foreign Correspondence. American Correspondence, Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Electric Light. Foreign Correspondence Illustrations — Fungi. Diseases of Plants. Foreign Correspondence, Orchid Culture. Colonial Notes, American Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Garden Botany. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Vegetable Chemistry. Garden Botany. 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. THE GARDENER^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Li7i€ charged as two. 4 Lines f.o ? 0 15 Lines ..^08 6 6 , 0 ^ 6 16 „ ..09 0 6 , 0 4 0 17 „ ..09 b 7 , 0 6 18 „ .. 0 10 0 8 , 0 S 0 19 „ .. 0 10 6 9 , 0 6 20 „ .. 0 II 0 10 , 0 fi 0 21 „ .- 0 11 fa 11 ■ 0 6 6 22 „ .. 0 12 0 12 , 0 7 0 23 .. .. 0 12 fa 13 , 0 7 6 24 „ .. 0 13 0 li 0 8 0 25 .. .. 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across col umns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page ;6q 0 0 Half Page ,s 0 0 Column 3 5 0 GARDENERS, and OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words i^. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE. -- Advertisers are cautioned against hatntig Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj. each insertion. Advertisetuents for the current -week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions payable in advance. The United Kingdom ; 12 Months, £,\ 3^, lo^^. ; 6 Months, i\s. zid. ; 3 Months, 6s. FoREiQN (excepting India and China) ; including Postage, £1 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C., to \V. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of zd in. by i2in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz. and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases. vjo^ 21 oa. Foreign, of the following OX ^ sizes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, ' 3dB and 4tlis dualities always kept In stock :- 14x12 20X12 20 x 14 20X16 20x18 16x12 16x14 20x15 22x16 22x18 18x12 18X14 i8xi6 24x16 24x18 Stock Lists and Prices on application. All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained from GEORGE FAB.MILOE & SONS, GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS, 34, St, Jolm'8 Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.G. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All Ihe usual kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second- hand, of every description. Raffia Fil)re, Netting and Tiffany, Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN AND SONS, i and 5, Wormwood Street, London, EC. INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.— 100 yards for los., delivered at Burnley Station : or 85 yards for loj., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton for Curtains, Bliiids, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern. J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley. ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK. 16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London. Capital, ,£200,000. — Reserve Fund, ;C75,ooo. ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from /to to ;£50oo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture, stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts, barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal. Also upon life policies and deeds from £$ per cent, from one month to 15 years. No sureties required. Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid. All communications strictly private. State amount required. CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager. Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to. Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused. Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's circumstances. The advances exceed ,£250,000 per annum. Prospectus post-fiee. (Established 1867.) UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES, Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ; Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W. FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at moderate rates, LIF£. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives. Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims. Accidents 1-64, Comhlll. No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured agamst by the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, / 1,000,000. Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840,000 has been paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. Now Ready, price is., post-free js. id. POTATO CULTURE : its Extension and Improvement. By an Old Exhibitor. With Advice as to the Best Varieties for obtaining Large Crops. *' The information as to the best methods of cultivation is full and complete, although carefully and ably compressed." Leicester youmal. CASSELL and CO. (Limited), Ludgate Hill. London. E.C. Now Ready, Second Edition, thick 8vo, cloth, price i6,j., WATSON'S (H. C.) TOPOGRAPHICAL BOTANY : or, Records Towards Showing the Distri- bution of British Plants. Revised and corrected, wiih Memoir of the Author, by J. G. Baker, Esq., F.R.S., and. a new Botanical Map of Britain. BERNARD QUARITCH. 15. Piccadilly. London. W. TDEVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE -LV et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre*, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Cr^pin, Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. GUIon, A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van VoLxem H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein, This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year, lis., payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT. at the Chief Post-office. Ghent. THE AMERICAN GARDEN IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED, AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB- LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN- ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA. EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER. To any one who owns a flower-pot, a garden, or a farm. It is Indispensable, because it gives all the latest and best information about every- thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects. It Is Reliable, because its Editor and Contributors are practical horticulturists, who write from actual experience and can prove the correctness of their teachings. It is always Seasonable, because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which atone are worth more than the price ef the paper. It is Clean and Pure, because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded from its pages. Premiums. In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our Premium List— either Seeds. Plants, Books, or Implements. A Sample Copy and complete Premium List will be mailed free to all applicants. 5.^. per auTium. Sample Copy Free. Address, B. E. BLISS & SONS, Publishers, 34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK. BRYANT & MAY'S PARTNER WANTED, in a Country Nursery of long standing. Must take the duties of Propagator and Charge of Houses. Capital small. — HUNTER, Gardenerx' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W C. ^^^^^^ To Nurserymen and Florists. PA R T N E R.— Advertiser is desirous of becoming Partner in a going concern. Has good know- ledge, and can supply ;iTOo to ;£2oo capital. — Apply, by letter only, to W. F., 25, Bousfield Road, Nunhead, S.E. To Gardeners. WANTED, a thoroughly competent MAN, who understands the Management ol Glass, the Rear- ing of Plants, the Culture of Peaches and Grapes, competent to Organise and Supervise about iz acres of Garden Ground, consisting of Kitchen and Flower Garden, Glasshouses, Lawns, and Shrubberies — all in good order and condition. A know- ledge of the Management of Grass Land, Poultry, and Cows desirable.— Apply, by letter, to D. C. H., 18, Marlborough Road, Banbury. MAN and WIFE WANTED. — Wanted, art industrious, sober Man as GARDENER, who thoroughly understands the business in all its branches; and his Wife as COOK, in a Gentleman's house near London, Ages about 30, and without children. They will live and board in the house. Wages 201. per week and all found, except beer and washing. Unexceptional references required. Apply by letter to A. H., care of Mr. J. C. Stevens, Auctioneer, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, a young man, as GARDENER, to live in the house. He must understand Grape Vines, Flowers, &c.— Mr. LITTLE, Belmont, Crouch End Hill, morning or evening ; at 94, Oxford Street, W., between II and 5 o'clock. WANTED, a respectable young man, as GARDENER, to take Charge of a small Collection of Orchids. Would be required to clean knives and boots for a small family. — Address, stating full particulars of last employment and wages required, to A. C. E,, Messrs. Hopcraft & Co., 1, Mincing Lane, London, E.C. WANTED, a GARDENER (married), who thoroughly understands his business, for a Garden under an acre, with a small quantity of Glass, in a suburb of London. Would have to clean boots and knives for a small family. Must be strictly sober and honest. — Apply, by letter, stating age, with full particulars of previous employ, and wages asked, to Z., Housekeeper, 25, Philpot Lane, London, E.C. WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER, willing to make himself useful. Age from 25 to 35, Preference to an abstainer. — Apply by letter only to Mr. STEVENS, " Annandale," East Molesey, Surrey, giving references and salary required. WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, well up in Watering and Potting. — State wages re- quired, with references, to HENRY THOBNBER, Head Gardener, Winter Gardens, Blackpool. CANADA. — A Nurseryman in Ontario REQUIRES the Services of a competent and trust- worthy Man, who, besides being able to Raise Bedding Plants, can Grow Orchids, Mushrooms and Cucumbers, and can make up Bouquets and Wreatlis. A married man wiihout family preferred. — Apply, in first instance, to W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a thorough experienced MAN, to take the Management of a Small Nursery. One well up in his work, married, without family, preferred. Good house and vegetables found. — Apply, by letter only, stating age, experience, and references, also wages required, to C. ROBERTS, Nurseryman, &c., 92, Northgate Street, Gloucester. Propagator. WANTED, an energetic young MAN as above. Must be well up in the Propagation of Choice Bedding Plants, Roses, Clematises, &c. — Apply, stating refer- ences, age, salary expected, &c., to NURSERYMAN, Messrs. Hurst & Sons, Seed Merchants, 152, Houndsditch, E. WANTED, a young MAN, about i8 or 20 years, used to Growing Roses, Ferns, Cut Flowers and Soft-wooded Plants for London Market. Also a YOUTH, about 17, who has worked out-of-doors in a Nursery. None without nursery experience need apply. — W. BLEACH, Bayhorne Farm, Horley, Surrey. WANTED, a few good ROSE BUDDERS. —J. HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries, Peterborough. WANTED, the services of a young man (not over 35), as CORRESPONDING CLERK, CASHIER, and ASSISTANT MANAGER. He must be an efficient Accountant, possess a good knowledge of a Florist's and Seedsman's Business, and be competent to undertake the entire Charge of the Business during the absence of the manager. The business is a large one, the specialities being Cut Flowers and Orchids, in addition to General Nursery and Small Seed Trade. To a competent man a good and progressive salary will be given. _ Fashionable town in the West of England. — Apply, in first instance, with full particulars, testimonials, and photo, to X., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 6, Leadenhall Street, E.C. Nursery and Seed Trade.— Scotland. WANTED, a CASHIER and BOOK- KEEPER. One who has a good knowledge of the Nursery Department preferred ; but he will always be em- ployed in the Shop. — State age. experience in Book-keeping, and the Nursery and Seed Trade generally, and salary expected, to D. T., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ANTED AT ONCE, for the Counting- House of a leading establishment, an efficient BOOK- KEEPER, to take the principal charge. To a persevering, sober, and industrious man, this would be found a permanent, progressive, and comfortable appointment. None need apply whose character will not bear the strictest investigation. — Apply, stating age, reference, and salary expected, to COKK, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, for a Large Seed EstabHshment, in New York, a smart COUNTER HAND, of good address, and having a thorough knowledge of the Vegetable Seed Department. — Apply, stating particulars of experience and salary required, to W. M. B., Gardetiers' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a WAREHOUSE PORTER. Must be well used to Stocking and able to Pack Orders. — HY. CLARKE and SONS, Seed Merchants, 37, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. July 28, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 127 WANT PLACES. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders sliould now be made fiavadle at DRURY LANE. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY" (John Cowan), Liniiied, are in .1 position to recommend a thoroiiehly c 'moetent man as GAUDKNKR, or as GARDKNER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. -uy G. h1?3j d e r s o n and son J--^ • have always In their employ a number of selected men of t'-sted ability and Rood charar^'er waiting re-encagem'-nts as HEAD GARDLNERS. GARDKNERS and BAlLirFS, FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications, to suit any reciuiremeiit, and would be pleased to .send full par- ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman rcquirmg such. — Pine- apple Nur'crv, Maida Vale, VV. I C H AR U SMITH AND CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and lh;it they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN, Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N. UPERINTENDENT of PARK, LAND- SCAPE GA.RDENER, or FLORAL DECORATOR, — The Advertiser is desirous of meeting with a re-engagtment in either of above, h3.ving had considerable practical experience in Gardening, Nursery-work, and Floral Decorating ; obtaintd Gold and Silver Medals for Artistic Decorating at recent exhi- bitions of the Ro\ al Horticultural and Botanical S jcieiies, also Certificated by ihe Royal Horticultural Society of London, and the Municipality of Paris; highly recommended as to Plan Drawing, and Laying-out to Scale, Planting, Road-niaking, Draining, Hothouse Building, Hot and Cold Water Engineer- ing, and accredited with possessing an especial creative mmd, with lact, taste, skill, energy, and ability. Satisfactory refer- ences kindly given by present employers and others. — T. B,, Highgate Nurseries, N. LTaN DSCAPE garden E r1— Wan ted7by a gentleman (30 years of age) well versed in Designing and Carrying Out of Plans, S:c , assisted by a thorough practi- cal general knowledge of the profession, a place as Superiii- tendent and Draughtsman with a Landscape Gardenei , Architect, or a Corporation. Excellent references. — X. Y. Z . (7nr- deners' Chronicle Oi^icf:. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W C. ARDENER (Head).— Married ; twenty years' experience. Eight years' good character from present employer.— THOMAS WARD, Aldwarke Hall, Vorks. GARDENER (Head).— Advertiser would"be glad to hear from any Lady or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly practical man as above —X, Y., Dickson, Brown & Tait, Corporation Street, Manchester. ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical Gardener in all the various branches.— Age 40, married, family. — S. PICKERSGILL. Greatfield House, near Kidderminster. ARDENER (Head).— Age 37, married! thoroughly competent. Long practical experience in all branches. Highest references. Five years' excellent character, — J. D.. Pixholm Grove, Dorking. GA R DENER (Head), to any Lad^or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly prac- tical, trustworthy man. — Age 30, single. Fourteen years' ex- peiience. Good character. Four years in last place, — I. LAMMAS. Hurst Twyford, Berks. ARDENER (Head).— Age 39, married, no family ; twenty-six years' experience in Grape Growing, Greenhouses. Peach Houses. Cucumber Houses, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character.— A, B., 13, Percy Street, Southport. C ^ARDENER (Head).— Age 42 ; has been ^ with the Marquis of Donegall twelve years, who has given up the tenancy of the Hamstead estate through ill health. Testimonials of the highest character as a professional Gardener and practical manager. Thirty years' experience. — J. M., "The Gardens, Hamstead Park, Newbury, Berks. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— C Blick, Foreman at Hayes Place Gardens, Hayes, Beckenham, Kent, having had fourteen years' good practical exper)ence in all branches of the profession, desires an engagement in the above capacity to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. Highly recommended by present and previous employers. — Address as above C. BUCK. ARDENErT^Head Working).— Age 40, married, no family ; twenty-five years' practical experience in all branches. Six years' good character. — J. W., 6, P Street, Queen's Park Estate, Hariow Road, N. r^ARDENER (Head Working), where two VJ or three are kept.— Age 35, married : six years and ten months good character from present situatioa~J. BUTLER, Cranford, Hounslow, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head Working).— Middle- aged, married, one aon (age 12) ; thoroughly competent. Twelve years' character from present employer.— A. B., Mr. Surman, Florist, Witney, Oxon. ARDENER (Head Working), where not less than two uuder men are kept— Age 35, married, no family; twenty years' practical experience in all branches of the profession. Good character. — GARDENER, Smith's Bookstall, Eastbourne. /^ARDENER (Head Working).— Married ; ■J ^^ofoughly practical and competent in all branches — indoor and out. Wife good Poultrywoman. Good references* — J. W., 17, Montague Place, Havelock Road, Belle Vue, Shrewsbury. G GARDENER (Head Working); age 25, mariied. — I can with confidence recommend to any Lady or Gentleman in want of a man as above, one who has a good knowledge of the profession in all its branches. — Please address, in first instance, THOS. GARNETl', The Gardens, Pounds, Devon port. GARDENER ^^HEAD, or good Single- handed). — Age 30 : Well up in the Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, likewise Early and Late Forcing. — 38, South Hill Road. Gravcsend, Kent. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- nA.NDi(:D). — Married ; twelve years' experience in Gentlemen's Gardens ; thoroughly understands the Growing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. Five years' good personal character from present situation.— A. CARTER, The Gardens, Conaways, Ewell. Surrey. ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed)". — Age 38, married ; understands Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kiichen Garden- ing. Three and a half years' good character. Near London preferred.- G. J., 7. Kelson Street, Kilburn Rise. London. GARDEN E^Rr7HEAD')ror"FbRESTER^ The Advertiser is open for an engagement with any Lady or Gentleman, in the above capacity of Head Gardener or Forester combined. Has had large experience in both depart- ments, and is now leaving present situation, after twenty-two years' service, owing to the death of his late employer, and con- sequently a great reduction in estate expenses. Can produce the most satisfactory references for character and abilities. — Mr. ROBERT CRAIG. The Gardens, Levens Hall, Miln- thorpe ; or Messrs. DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, Seed Merchants, Manchester, where full information can be had. ^ ARDENER. — Age 2,^, married, with family ; thoroughly understands Greenhouses, Gardens, &c. Last situations twenty-eight years. Leaving through death. — C, Toll House, Staverton Road, Daweniry. GARDENER. — Twelve years' expeiience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Fruit, Flower and Kuchen Gardening. Two years' good character Abstainer. — GARDENER, Draycott Lodge. Fulham, S W. GARDENER, where assistance is given, or good SiNGi,E-HANDED.— Age 31, married, two children (ages 7 and lo) ; thorough knowledge of the profession. Excel- lent references. —G., 3, Roslyn Avenue, Camberwell, S.E, GARDENER, where others are kept. — Age 27 ; well up in General Garden Management. No objection to Land and Stock Good references from past and piesent employers.— J. SEABRIGHT, The Gardens, Barrow Point, Pinner, Middlesex. GARDENER^and FARM BAILIFF ; age 40, married. — Wm Collett, twelve years' Gardener and Farm Baihff to the late J:)hn Bibby, Esq., Hart Hill, AUerton. Liverpool, wishes for a similar situation, or as Gardener only. First class references.— W. COLLETT, The Gardens, Hart Hill, AUerton, Liverpool. GARDENER (Working). — A respectable young man, who understands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit under Glass and in the Kitchen Garden ; good Grower of Plants fur Decoration, and for the Flower Garden. Active and industrious. Good testimonials.— M. G., Mr. Fowle, Dagmersficld Park, Winchfield, Hant^. GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, Or where help is given).~Married, no incumbrance. Wife is a good Cook, or good help in house. Ages 46 and 41.— L. M. SHEP- HERD, 1, Arundal Cottages, Grosvener Road, Belvedere, Kent. r:j.ARDENER (SECOND, or Single-handed). V-^ Age 22 ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c.— Eight years' experience. Good character, Total abstainer. — W. G. M.. Southdean Manse, Hawick, N. B. GARDENER (SECOND), in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's family.— Three years' good character fiom present situation.— Write, stating full particulars to Mr. H. WALKER, The Gardens, The Leaze, Eashngton, near Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. /^ARDENER (Second, or Under).— Age V^ 23; has had good experience, with good character. — G. B., I?, Child's Place, Earl's Court Road, Kensington, S.W. /'^J.ARDENER (Second, or good Under).— V^ Age 22 : well up in the various branches. Seven years' experience, with good character. —J. FUNNELL, Little Flanchford, Leigh, Reigate, Surrey. /^ARDENER (Under), where he can im- VJ prove himself.— Age 21 ; five years' good character.— H. PEERLESS. Gardens, kydal Mount. Champion Hill, S E. /^ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; five years' V-J experience. Inside and Out. Good character aiid refer- ences.—J. B., Beckley Grove, Beckley, Oxon. /^ARDENER (Under), in a good establish- V-J ment.— Age 22 ; persevering ; good character. Total abstainer. — T. DEAN, Model Farm, Liscard, Cheshire. GARDENER (Under), in the Houses, in a good establishment.- Age 24 ; can be highly recom- mended.—H. F., Haydon'a Cottage, Sidmouth, Devon. GARDENER (Under), in~ a^^Gentleman's place.— Age 2t ; nearly two years' good character.— J. W., Mrs. Ellis, Hayes, Beckenham. Kent. /^ARDENER (Under); age i6.— A Lady VJI desires a situation for a very deserving youth as above. Neighbourhood of London, if possible near Wimbledon, pi e- ferred. Steady, honest, industrious, and very respectable, father being a respectable shoemaker. — Miss DU CROY, Wimbledon Common, Surrey. To Fruit Growers and Florists. TV/TANAGER.— To Grow for Market Grapes, •*^-^ Peaches, Strawberries. Cucumbers, Tomatos. and Plants suitable for Cut Flowers in quantity. Twenty years' ex- perience.—REX. lo, Stockwell Park Road, Clapham Rd., S.E. Tj^OREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.— 7h^^r.^°'*^y preferred. Three years' good char:icler.— J. MOSS, TiUey, Herefordshire. ^ Tj^OREMAN, in a Gentleman's estabhshment. -L —Age 25 ; thorough knowledge of the profession. First- class references.— F. BIBLE, Woodfield, Stevenage, Herts. TpOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good -^ estabhshment.— Age 26 ; ten years' experience in good gardens. Can be well recommended. — ALEXANDER Prospect Place, Groombridge. * "C^OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman^ J- garden.— Thoroughly practical in all branches of Gnrden- ing, also Plant and Flower Decorations.— H. RICHARDSON, 7, Park Cottages. Hurstpierpoint. Tj^OREMAN.— Age 25 ; nine years' experi- -*- ence in Large Establishments in the Houses, Kitchen and Pleaure Gardens, and House Decoration. Total abstainer. Well recommended. State wages and particulars. —GAR- DENER^ Post-office, Berwick St. John, Salisbury. "^ ©"r E M A N.^-Wm. West desires a re"- -*- engagement in a Kitchen or Flower Garden, or in the Houses. Fiiteen years' experience in Noblemen's Gardens. Small Premium if required.— loi, Coleman Street, Wolver- hampton, l^^OREMAN.— W. Swan, Oakley, Fallow- -i- field. Manchester, will be glad to recommend a young man as above Has a good general knowledge of the pro- fession. Excellent references.— Address as above, or T. LEWIS, Tynycoed, Arthog, Dolgelly. XT' O R E^ AN P rIj PA G A T O R, and -L GROWER of Plants and Choice Flowers to supply a first-class trade. Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers,. Also a knowledge of Roses, Shrubs, &C.—H. G., Cardeneri ChronuU Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. T(^ 6 REM AN PROPAGATOR and J- GROWER of Roses, Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Ferns, and Flowering Plants for Market.— Single ; many years' practice in the London Trade. Good Budder. Eleven years* character. — HORTUS. 246, Small Bridge, Rochdale. To Nurserymen. T^OREMAN PROPAGATOR and -L GROWER.— Thorough knowledge of Propagating and Growing Roses. Rhododendrons. Coniferje, Clematis, Hard and Soft wooded. Stove, Greenhouse, and Cut Flower business. — HORTUS, Mr. Needham, Stationer, 302, Kurkstall Road, Burley, Leeds. PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market, J- Plants, Cut Flowers. Fruit. Could take management. Ten years' experience ; three years' character. — S. A , Mrs. Smith, Oak Terrace, Wheatland Lane, Seacombe, Cheshire. ROPAGATOR (AssiST.\NT), hard or soft- wooded —Age 21 : seven years' experience. — W. C, IS, Delaford Street, Crown Road, Fulham. S.W. "DAILIFF and GARDENER. — Highest -L' experience : also in Laying-out Parks, Gardens, Planta- tions, Vineries, and Estate Work. — J. N., -x. King William Street. Strand. W.C. TMPROVER. — Age 19; six years' good -I references.- A. B., Mr. Campbell, The Gardens, Mickle- over Manor, near Derby. TMPROVER, in large garden, in Houses, J- under a Foreman. — Age 18 ; three years in gardens Bothy preferred. — J. PENTON, The Gardens, Grately, Andover, Hants. TMPROVER, in a good establishment, in the -L Houses. — Age 20 ; five years' experience, Indoors and Out. Good character. Premium /g. Please state wages and par- ticulars.—LEWIS DEIGHTON, Shopwhyke House, near Chichester. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. BOOK-KEEPER, CLERK, SHOPMAN, or could Manage a Business.— Age 38 ; can be well recom- mended. First-class references— A. B., Mr. Homer, Stationer, 6, Broad Street, Birmingham. SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; well up in the Retail Seed and Bulb Trade. Eight years' experience. Highly recommended.— A, B., 354, Fairfield Terrace, York Road. Wandsworth, S.W. To Seedsmen. SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT).— Age 22 ; strong, active, and well educated. Has had five years' experience in the Wholesale and Retail Trade, with a knowledge of the Value of Plants. First-class references.- D. B., 12, Wetheral Street, Carlisle. O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a youth (age 18), a situation in a Florist's. References as to respect- ability can be given. — A. D , 5. Glaskin Street, South Hackney, London. E. APPRENTICE. -A Nurseryman is desirous of placing his son (nearly 16), who has received a good education, with a good Retail Seed Firm, in order to Learn the Seed Trade in detail, and to reside with the proprietor. A fair Premium for a suitable engagement would be readily agreed to. Address letter with particulars to G. J., care of Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E. PACKER (Head), in one of the London Nurseries.— Cause of leaving, death of employer. Three years' good reference.— C. W., The Rocks, Maresfield, Sussex. TTOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. -*--*-_ — Notable Facts. — Summer heats augment the annoyances of skin disease, and encourage the development of febrile disorders : wherefore they should, as they may, be removed by these detergent and purifying preparations. In stomach com- plaints, liver affections, pains and spasms in the bowels, Holloway "s unguent well rubbed over the affected part imme- diately gives the greaie-st ease, prevents Congestion and Inflam- mation, checks the tlreatening Diarrhiea, and averts incipient Cholera. The poorer inhabitants of large cities will find these remedies to be their best friend when any pestilence rages, or when, from unknown causes, Eruptions, 'Boils, Abscesses, or Ulcerations, betoken the presence of taints or impurities within the system, and call for instant and effective curative medicines. 128 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 28, 1883. The Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Gold and Silver Medals, also Special Certificate, Awarded May 22, 1883. KEITH'S PATENT HOT-WATER BOILERS. Can be heightened or lowered, or made to suit any require- ments. They stand complete in themselves, and require no building work, being wholly water-jacktted and thus entirely free from risk by fire. They can be had all sizes, to heat from, say, a few feet up to 8000 feet of 4-inch pipe each ; are now in all parts of the world, and are unrivalled as being the best, most powerful, and most economical Hot-water Boilers in use. HIGHEST AWARDS WH E REVE R EXHIBITED Established 1823. Patent Reliance Rotary Valves. KEITH'S PRIZE HYDRAULIC RAMS and HYDRAXTLIC RAM PUMPS. Self Actlnff, For Raising Water, are the most powerful, most efficient, and most dur- able in use. Specimen Extracts from Testimonials :— From W. Morgan Robbins, Esq , Architect^ llfracomhe, St'piembey g, 1880. " T am delighted with your Boiler ; it answers admirably, and the directors are satisfied that it is one of the best ^25 worth ever put in the hotel." Fro7n Q. C. Chalmers, Gardens ^James Mudie, Esq., Broughty Ferry, September 15, 1S80. "Your Boiler beats all my expectations ; at present one fire serves for twelve hours, and keeps up a good, steady heat." From Isaac Holden, Esq.. Oak-worth House, Keighley, York- shire, yune 19, i88r. "Your Boilers are the best we have tried." (Note: One of these Boilers heats nearly 8oco feet of 4-inch pipe.) From Wm. Eraser, Kippe?i Gardens, Ditnnittg, Pertltshire, December 6, 1881. " I consider your Boiler most efficient ; as for economy, it is the acme of perfection." From Rev. James Cabdwell, Military Academy^ HigUla?ids, yersey, December 31, iS3t. "Nothing could be better than the Boiler you sent me; it burns all sorts of rubbish, and gives an excellent heat."' Frofn Arthur Booty, JEsq.. Rose Villa Nurseries, High Harrogatey March 22. i88z. • Your Boiler has exceeded all my expectations ; it will pay for itself as a fuel saver in a short time. It heats 20C0 feet of 4inch pipe." Keith's Treatise on " Heating by Artificial Means," post-free, for twelve stamps. -py- *p T FH TT * Q PATENT MINERAL OIL GAS WORKS, are unrivalled for use in the Country or in the Colonies. PATENT SECTIONAL HOT-WATER COIL TABLES, have three times the Radiating Surface of any other form of Pipe Coil. PATENT OPEN FIRE, Ornamental HOT- WATER APPARATUS, combining Warmth, Cheerfulness. Ventilation and Perfect Safety. JAMES KEITH, GAS, HYDRAULIC and HEATING ENGINEER, LONDON, EDINBURGH, and ARBROATH. 57, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.G. 120, George St., Edinburgli. High St., Arbroatli. ) HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS of every description con- structed, erected, fitted, and heated. T.H.P.Dennis&Co., Mansion House BuUdlngs, London, EC. Works : Cbelmsford. COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post Free 3|d. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ERECTED and HEATED. MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, vrttli tlie least obstruction to llgbt and sun, the greatest Strengtli and Rigidity. The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition. Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application. Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates oj Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses Forcing Houses, &'c., recently erected by M. S-" Co., for 24 stamps. MESSENGEB & COMPANY, LOUGHBOBOUGH. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. —Saturday, July 28, 1883. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstaljlifiijeti I84i. No. 501.— Vol. XX. {ser.L.} SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 1883. { Registered at the General > Price 5(1 Post-office as a Newspaper. >•_ *, WITH SUPPLEMENT. J f^OST-FREE, 5lf/. CONTENTS. Acrostichum magnum .. 135 Anguloa Ruckeri retusa . 135 Campanula carpatica .. 140 Canadian notes .. .. i$i Carn.ilions, border .. 146 Cattleya superbum splen- dens ... . . . . 142 Cedars in Scotland .. 148 Chrysanthemum bcgetum 149 Clematis vioma coc- cinea .. .. .. 146 Cork Oak in New Zea- land . . . . . . 147 Corisande's garden .. 145 Curtis' Botanical Maga- sine .. .. .. 149 Cypripedtum Lawrencla- nutn .. .. .. 142 East Lothian Stocks .. 146 Eschschultzia Rose Car- dinal . . . . 151 Fernery, a natural .. 151 Forestry .. .. .. 142 Fruit crops of 18S3 133, 136 135 140 146 140 144 154 150 143 14a 147 143 Orchid notes Peaches and Nectarines . Peach wall at Diiton Paik Phacelia campanularia .. Phalaris arundinacea . . Pickles, new Plants in (lower . . ,, some rare old I, new garden „ and their culture .. Potato crop, the . . Primroses, thrum-eyed . . Raspberry, curious dis- ease in a Rodgersia podophylla 142 143 146 135 144 147 140 141 I3S M3 150 14S 144 240 Ruta pataviiia . . , . 140 Sandersonia aurantiaca. Slough, a Carnation show 146 153 Societies : — Caterham Horticul- tural 154 Colnbrook Horticul- tural .. Spirsas .. .. ..14 Strawberry, a monstroui alpine .. .. .. 145 Sunningdale Nursery ,. J50 Trade groups . . . . 148 Tulipa, the species of . . 153 Turner, Charles (with portrait).. ., .. 134 Valve, the Reliance Rotary ., .. .. 149 Vanda teres . . .. 142 Weather, the . . 155 Wild flowers . . .. 149 154 Fungi, edible Geranium argenteus Gilia aggregata . . Gladiolus Colvillei albus Grass-lacd experiments . Herbaceous border, the . Kelton Hall Kitchen garden . . l.:Elia Veilchiana X Mahogany in Honduras . Melons and Cucumbers . Mulleins . , Obitusry .. .. .. 154 OichidSi list of garden .. 152 ILLUSTRATIONS. Lselia Veitchiana X , {See Supplementary Sheet ) Phacelia campanularia . . , . , . . . . . , . 135 Portrait of Mr. Charles Turner . . , . . , . . 145 Rodgersia podophylla 141 A'alve, the Reliance Rotary .. ,, 149 SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW, The Quarry, Shrewsbury, WEDNESDAY and THURS- DAY. August 15 and 16. FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in FRIZES. For best 20 Plants, ;£2S, ;<;20. iiS. Schedules and full particulars from Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Hon. Sees. Shrewsbury. AIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ANNUAL SHOW of this Society will be held in Kid- well's Park, on THURSDAY, August 23. The Band of Her Majesty's Scots Guards will perform during the afternoon. About 200 PRIZES, from €os. downwards, will be offered, and 100 PRIZES for COTTAGERS' PRODUCE (no entrance fees in this class). Entries close August 16, except Cottagers, who can enter up to August 20, Admission, 21. 6^. ; from z until half-past 3, is. ; from half-past 3 tUl 6, 6^. Schedules and Rules may be had of Mr. O. K 1 NG. Hon. Sec. DUNDEE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ANNUAL SHOW will be held in the Drill Hall, on AUGUST 30 and 31 and SEPTEMBER i, being one week later than advertised in Schedule. Entries Close, August 25. DAVID P. SCOTT. Secretary. SPECIAL OFFE r7— PELARGONIUMS, best market varieties : red and while BOUVARDIAS, ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. StrooE plants of each, in thumbs, 20s. per 100, for prompt cash. ROBERTS EROS, and ARNOLD, East Grinstead, Sussex. AOUILEGIA GLAND^ULOSA (true).— Seed, just collected, 2r. 6^/. and 5^, per packet ; i-yr. Seed- lings, now ready, 2s. kd. per dozen. Usual discount to the Trade. R. AND A. MORRISON, The Nurseries. Elgin. Hardy Prtrarose and Polyanthus Seed. ANTHONY WATERER begs to offer SEED of the strain exhibited by him in the Spring at the Meetings of the Royal Hoiticuliural and Royal Botanic Societies of London, and also at Manchester, in Packets at 5,1. each, post-free on receipt of cash or stamps. Knap Hill Nursery. Woking. Surrey. A QUI LEG I A GLAN DULOSA -^^ (Grigor's Variety).— 10.000 to offer. Plants to bloom next spring, isj, per 100 ; smaller, lor. Seed, just collected, is. 6d. and 5J. per packet. Usual discount to the Trade. R. AND A. MORRISON. The Nurseries, Elgin. PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO^ -■- LARI AS.— Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans- planted Seedlings, at 8j. per 100, ^os. per 1000. package and carnage free for cash with orders. Good strong Marechal Niel and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots, at 6oi. per 100. _jr;_FLETCH ERRAND SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield. I QPIR^A JAPONICA, strong Clumps Ibr •^forcing, 15J. perioo, ^6 per 1000. ROSES. Standards, Half-standards, and Dwarfs, in first-class varieties. Hardy Ghent HOLLIES and Indian AZALEAS and RHODODENDRONS, j ">, splendid collections of the most showy sorts, and strong plants with buds. Will supply the ab')ve named articles in quantity in the next season, at the lowest prices. Price on application. Apclv to ED. PARRfi, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium. S For Sowing In August. SUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST. From Mr. J. Darbvshike, Gardener to W. Smith, Esq., Wilmslow, May 16, 18S3.— "I got First Prize with your Per- fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked." Price. IS. 6rf., is. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST. From Mr. H. K. Wakd, Gardener to W. H. Budgett, Esq., Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1883,—" Your Cineraria is the best strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with them three years in succession. Your strain took the First Prize against fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a finer half- dozen plants could scarcely be got together." Price, IS. 6d., 2s. Sd., and 51. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS' PRIMULA. "^HE BEST. From F. J. Walker. Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3, 1883.—" I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan- themum and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot be surpassed." Price, IS. 6d.t 21. 6*/., 3^. 6d., and ss. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST. " The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con- servatory entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of all my friends."— J. Darlington. Esq., Netherwood. Price, is., is. 6d.t 2s. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST. From Miss DuNsTERViLLE, Airdie, Malvern Link, Feb. 3, 1883.—" The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show." Price, 2^. 6ii. and 55. per packet, post-free. UTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmek READING, BERKS. ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63. Tea Roses— Tea Roses. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full particulars on application to The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool. ELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and double; PYRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXES and TEA ROSES : CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED. CATALOGUES gratis and post-free. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, LUles, &c. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post- free on application. H. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket ■• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials. Post-free on application. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. F. BOEKEE, Leiden, Holland, has a • large Stock of CONVALLARIA CLUMPS. Price 50s, per ICO. Sample on application. rPEA ROSES IN POTS.-Several thousands -*- '° off", clean, healthy, and full of buds, including a line lot of Matc'chal Niel and Niphetos— the latter in several sizes Prices on application. F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Fanner, Fam- borough Station. / 1H0ICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES^ V^ HERBACEOUS PLANTS.-ioo for ^Ss ; 200, 60s. ■ 300 e'^v',i'S\'Ai%' 5°°' =°°'- Distinct species, established in pots. SA.Vlf RACES— 100. z8f. : 200, looj., distinct species and var. CATALOGUE on application. STANSFIELD BROS., Soulhport. INE PLANTS, surplus, for SALE or EXCHANGE. WANTED, GERANIUM CUT- TINGS, SPECIMEN PLANTS, &c. J-M., 19. Waterloo Place, North Shields. MESSRS. SQUELCH and^BARNHAM, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied. Terms and references on application. ANTED, SNOWDROPS, Single and Double. Sample and price to FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seedsmen, Norwich. To the Trade. WANTED, for Delivery in Autumn, several thousands each of SPANISH CHESTNUTS and SCOTCH FIR, 3 to 4 feet, transplanted. State quantity and lowest cash price to A. JEFFKINS AND COMPANY (late John Cattell), Nur- serymen, &c., Westerham, Kent. ANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES, GRAPES. TOMATOS, &c Also EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, Marechal Niel ROSES, ORCHIDS, STEPHANOTIS, &c. WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden To the Trade. TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND tf BEALE'S CATALOGUE of Bulbs, Plants, atd Horti- cultural Sundries, has now been posted to every Customer; should it have miscarried another copy will be sent on appli- cation to 237 and 238. High Holborn, London, W.C. BERGMANN and BARTHT^Wholesale Seedsmen. Leipstc. Germany, desire to RECEIVE IMMEDIATELY the NEWEST CATALOGUES of SEEDS. QUILEGIA GLANDULOSA (Grigor's, guaranteed True). Fine young plants of the above beautiful Columbine, to bloom next spring, ^os. per loo, or 6s. per dozen. Also Seed, jusl gathered, at ■2s. 6d. and 5s. per packet, from JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B. The Trade supplied at Wholesale Prices. To the Trade only. EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery- • MKN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland. The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 365a) of Dutch Flower Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and TuberouS' rooted Plants for 1883-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen. IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb- ing and bedding, from isi. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. Now in Full Bloom. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors. Railway Stations— Catford Bridge, 5 minutes' walk ; Forest Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery. Forest HilL To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns. MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now ofl^ering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 72*s, at 20s. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending purchasers) sent on application, u. per 100 package. Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry. Roses on Own Roots. /^^ATHERINE MERMET, V^ GLOIRE DE DIJON. ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE p'OR, &c. Strong plants, 12 in. to 15 in. high, ys. per dozen, carriage paid MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol. TEA ROSES, fine plants, in s-inch pots— Marechal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 50^- per 100. BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds, including Alfred Neuner, price 40s. per 100. W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus. Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and may be had on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London, E.C. To the Trade. ~ WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS, and CO.'S Wholesale CATALOGUE of Hyacinths and other Bulb?, has been Posted to all their Customers. If not received another Copy shall be sent on application. 79. Southwark Street, London, S.E. E L G I A N PLANTS.— CAMEt.LIAS, chiefly double white; AZALEA INDICA and MOLLIS, in every size and sorts ; DICKSONIA AN- TARCTICA, fine plants. LOUIS EECKHAUTE, The Nurseries, St. Denis, Westrem, near Ghent. CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.; in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these plants being in pots, may be moved now. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Double White Sweet Scented NARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, £i per 100. Apply to T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex. STRAWBERRIES.-^^e'are now prepared to supply strong, healthy Plants, from ground and in pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive LIST post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge- worth. Herts. STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— Alpha, Due de Malakoff, Duke of Edinburgh, The Countess, Black Prince, Frogmore Late Pine. Crimson Queen, Lucas, James Veitch. Sir Harry, Sir Joseph Paxlon, Amateur, Marshal McMahon, President. Keens' Seedling, Sir Charles Napier, Vicomtesse H. de Thury. FREEMAN, Seed Growers, Norwich. STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from Twenty Choice Varieties. Price LISTon application. Sample box of plants wuh fruit, 4d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6*/. W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield. I30 THE GARDENEkS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883. SALES BY AUCTION. Friday Uext. CATTLEYAS and ODONTOGLOSSUMS. VANDA SANDERIANA. MESSRS PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instracted by Mr. F. Sander to S ELL by AUCTION, at their Cenfral Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely, a Brand lot of CATTLEYAS and ODONTOGLOSSUMS : also splendid sound plants of VANDA SANDERIANA, in fine specimens ; also about fifty lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, and a quantity of ORCHIDS in flower. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. LjELIA PURPURATA-54 Cases. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have been instructed by Mr. Bells, of Rio de Janeiro, to SELL by AUC riON, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 54 Cases of L«LIA PURPURATA, in grand con- dition.: also some very fine plants of ZYGOPETALUM GAUTHIERI. The Lselia purpurata ate in splendid con- dition, and will be sold in the Cases. Oil view the day previous to Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, aindS, New Broad Street, E.G. Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that they have made special arrange- ments for very extensive consignments of DUTCH BULBS of the best quality during^the ensuing season. The FIRST SALES will take place at their Rooms on AUGUST 20, 23, 27, and 30, and will consist of lots made up particularly for the Trade and other large buyers. Gentlemen desirous of receiving Catalogues throughout the season can have a regular supply on application to the Auc- tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E C, and enclosing twelve stamps. Tuesday Next.— (Sale No. 6439 ) PERIODICAL SALE of POULTRY and PIGEONS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, August 7. at half.past 14 o'clock precisely, PRIZE and PRIZE-BRED POULTRY, comprising Silver-spangftd and Black Hamburghs, Minorcas and Houdans, from the Honourable Lady Murray ; Black Spanish, Buff and White Cochins, Andalusians, Light and Dark Brahmas, Golden-spangled Polands, Malays, Ban- tams, &c. . from several well-known exhibitors. Also choice PIGEONS, including Red and Yellow Jacobins, Magpies, Turbits, Checkered Homers, Silver Runts, Yellow Dragons, and a variety of other BIRDS from the yards and lofts of well- known breeders and exhibitors. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6440.) A grand importation of CATTLEYA MENDELII, CATTLEYA GIGAS, CATTLEYA AUREA, ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, O. CRISPUM, O. PESCATOREI, O. SPECIES, supposed to be new ; MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, rare; M. TROCHILUS and M. HARRYANA : the whole of the above in the best possible condition, MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.G., by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 8, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, the above fine IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM. New Species. CATTLEYA SANDERIANA. VANDA SANDERIANA. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 9, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a grand importation of the above. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. L^LIA ANCEPS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE on THUBSDAY NEXT, August 9. by order of Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., about 50 lots of selected pieces of the above, all in superb condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6441,) ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXl'. August 9, about 300 lots of good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from private collec- tions, comprising a quantity of Odonloglossum Alexandra and O. Pescatorei, Oncidiums. Masdevallias. Cattleyas, Gypripe- diums, Epidendrums, 50 Dendrobium infundibutum in flower, and a small collection of NEPENTHES in variety, a few STOVE PLANTS. &c. On view morning of Sate, and Catalogues had. Established Orchids, Palms, Dracsnas, Stepbanotls, FICUS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include about go lots ol the above in his SALE, on THURSDAY, August 9, from the Royal Exotic Nursery. 'Tooting. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices,38, King Street.Covent Garden, W. C. Lselia elegans. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, August 16, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very grand importation of the above. Further particulars in nfiXt adverti--emeDt. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his first SALES of DUTCH BULBS will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 15, SATURDAY, August 18, WEDNESDAY, August 22, SATURDAY, August 25, WEDNESDAY. August 29, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, and will include chiice Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CRO- CUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, &c., from well known Farms in Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. R. JNO. COWAN will SELL by AUC- TION, for the Liverpool Horticultural Company (John Cowan), Limited, on THURSDAY, August 9, at 12 o'clock prompt, in the Concert Room at the Horticultural Gardens, Leeds, a splendid assortment of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, consisting of Dendrobiums crassinode Barberianum, Parishi, Dalhousianum, Wardianum, Dearei, Pieiardi latifolia. Jamesi- anum, &c. ; Aerides, Saccolabiums, Vandas, Phal^Qopsis, Odontoglossoms, Cattleyas, and many other varieties, all healthy plants making good growth : also a fine variety of Aerides Lobbi from the Indian Archipelago, Thrixspermum Berkeley], Dendrobium Veitchianum, D. formosum Berkeleyi, PhalEenopsis Esmeralda, P. amabilis, and Aerides Emericii, irom Lieut. Col. E. S. Berkeley ; and an importation of Cattleya labiata, just to hand, from Rio de Janeiro. Also a fine collection of FLOWERING and ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, consist- ing of Tea Roses, Pelargoniums, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Lilies, Begonias, Maidenhair and other Ferns, Palms, Coleus, Gre- villeas, &c., all in fine health and condition, and suitable for Conservatory, Greenhouse, Table, and Window Decoration. Plants on view at the Concert Room, on the 7th, 8th, and morning of Sale. Catalogues on application to The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool. WANTED, a SMALL HOUSE, standing in an acre or more of ground ; with Fruit Trees and Greenhouse or two preferred. Not more than 8 miles from London. Apply to J. F., 47, Fulham Palace Road, Hammersmith, \V. Investment.— Important to Orcnid Growers. 15 miles from London. FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishing to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New Broad Street. E.G.— (Folio 5865.) or" sale7 "s I d cu p^hill nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Estabhshed over fifty years, and widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock, Leases, Business Structures, &c, of this Nursery are to be immediately disposed of. For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address. OR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORIST BUSINESS, in the North of Scotland. The Grounds extend to 11 acres, held on 11 years leases, the greater part of the terms being unexpired. The subjects include 3 Green- houses, with Hot-water Appliances, and a number of Frames. The Stock, which is in fiist-class condition, consists of several millions of Seedling and Transplanted Forest Trees (for the prime quality of which the nursery is well-known). Ornamental and Fruit Trees. Shrubs. Bushes, and Flowers of every descrip- tion. The sale is rendered necessary by dissolution of partner- ship, and offers a splendid opportunity for acquiring a good going established busmess. Further particulars from GRIGOR and YOUNG, Solicitors, Elgin, N.B. INVESTMENT.— A most comfortable, newly erected MODERN RESIDENCE, at Twickenham, close to the Station and the river Thames — Dining-room, 24 X 18; Billiard-room same size, two other Reception-rooms, seven Bedrooms, Stabling, Grounds half an acre in extent, tastefully laid out ; fine Orchid and Plant-houses, with all modern im- provements. The whole most suitable to a Gentleman with a taste for horticulture. Price. ,£2300. Address, D., Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, who will give cards to view. O GARDENERS AND OTHERS.— An opportunity occurs for PURCHASING a Plot of FREEHOLD LAND, Propagating and Two Glass Houses, fitted with Hot-water Pipes, Boiler, &c- ; also Goodwill of Florist's Business, carried on by owner for five years. Leaving to take larger Business. Price for Freehold, Goodwill, and everything, ^ti^s (,£200 can remain and be repaid by instalments). Apply, Mr. SALMON. Estate Agent, Kingston-on-Thames. O BE LET, ON LEASE, a good JOBBING and LOCAL BUSINESS, upon favourable terms. Apply 10 Mrs. G. SMITH, Tollington Nursery, Tollington Park, Hornsey Road, N. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 8, New Broad Street. EC. ROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti- CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.G., and at Leyton- stone, £. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. MILLINGTON and CO., English • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants, 43, Commercial Street, E. HADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED. — This seed has been grown by careful selection for six- teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would not he likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant — selling the Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough — feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price yj. per pound in small quantities ; 5^. i>d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards For Cash only. Apply to Mr. RAN DELL, Chadbury, near Evesham. )ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS. PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS, Carriage free. ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-office now open. ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL VANS and TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly during the day to the Post-oftice. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command to H. R, H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C. T^ARLY FORCING BULBS. JAMES ^CARTER and CO. have RE- CEIVED THEIR FIRST CONSIGNMENTS of the above in splendid condition. LANT AT ONCE, EARLY FORCING. CARTERS' BULBS FOR THE DECORATION of the CONSERVATORY, DRAWING ROOM, &c., &c., at. CHRISTMAS TIME. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, 2Si. per loo, 3J. dd. per dozen, ^d. each. EARLY WHIIE ROMAN HYACINTHS (Blue Skin), 17J. 6.i. per roo. aj. dd. per dozen. 3-/. each. EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS, 121. id. per 100, ij. 9(/. per dozen, id. each. LIGHT BLUE NEAPOLITAN, isi. per 100, 21. per dozen, "id. each. DARK BLUE NEAPOLITAN, iss. per 100, 2i. per dozen,! "id, each. EARLY DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, 21. id. per dozen, ^d. each. EARLY PAPER-%VHITE NARCISSUS, u. 9^. per dozen, 3i • ■ .. 5.000 Seeds, 100s. .. 10,000 Seeds, idoj". „ madagasc. ,, rubra ., It ■■ .. 5,ooD Seeds, 50J. • •■)■' .. lo.ooQ Seeds, Sox. ASTROCARYUM Airi ATTALEA specioiia .. BACIRIS Maraja CARYOTA sobolifera „ ureos COCOS campesttis ,. ,, flexuosa .. „ oleracea ,, plumosa . . .. .. ,. i» •. .. .. 5, coo Seeds, 120^. ,, Procopcana „ Weddelliana t> 5.C00 Seeds, 2oof. II 11 ■ . .. 10,000 Seeds. 171; J. COFFEA arablca .. .. .. „ ,, yellow fruit variety ., ,, variety Maragogipe COPERNICIA cerifera .. DESMONCUS, sp. Rio .. DIPLOTHEMIUM caudescens .. ., maritimum ELAElS guineensis .. EUTERPE edulis GEONOMA gracilis I _ ■• 5,000 Seeds, I joj. „ Schottiana GLAZIOVA insignis !•>>■■ . . 5,000 Seeds, noes. LIVISTONA sinensis >•■>•• •• 5,000 Seeds, 4oi'. I .. 10,000 Seeds, los. MASSANGEA tignna(Brom) .. OREODOXA oleracea PANDANUS utilis •I >i ■• .. 5,000 Seeds, 8ar. i> II •• >• 10,000 Seeds, isor. RAVENALA madagasc, .. PHILODENDRON bipinnatif. > t, speciosum . . . . J .1 5,000 Seeds. 755. .> It .. .. io,oo3 Seeds, 120s. Less than ico Seeds each sort R'P-'"^- S=e^s. sTd", April are not delivered. Sept. 10 So May 5 30 Jan. 4 25 June 4 20 Jan. 2 12 Niv. 120 May 3= Nov. 6 40 irregularly 6 40 ,, 6 40 ,, 7 50 Sept. 5 30 Jan. 10 80 irregularly S 30 Niv. 30 Dec. 7 50 May 2 '$ ,. 3 25 ,, 5 40 Jan. 10 83 May 10 Nov. ■5 no April 12 ICO May 12 I03 6 10 March 5 30 June 5 10 Dec. 7 SO Aug. 2 10 May 5 30 irregularly 2 10 Free by Post or Rail. TAMES DICKSON and SONS offer ^-^ selected stocks of the following : — CABBAGE, Dickson's Nonsuch, is. per ounce. ,, Ellarn's Early Dwarf, u. per packet. ,, Early Rainham, 8(^. per ounce. ,. Improved Nonpareil, 8a'. pei ounce. CAULIKl.OWER. Improved Early London, is. 6(i. per ounce. CUCUMBER, Rollisson's TelcEraph, 2^. 6d. per packet. LETTUCE, Dickson's Hardy Winter Cabbage, is. per packet. ,, Hardy White Cos, is. i,d. per ounce. ONION, Giant Rocca Tripoli. \cd. per ounce. „ Red and White Italian Tripoli, each. ic*^. per ounce. Also choice strains of CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, GLOXINIA (erect and drooping varieties). PRIMULA SI- NENSIS FIMBRIATA (red. white, or mixed), in is. 6d., ■2S. 6d., and 5s. packets ; and all other VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS for present or later sowing. 108, Eastgate Street, Chester. To the Trade. RED-BERRIED SOLANUMS. H UGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, 'n 48-sized pots, at £2 *5^- to .^5 P^f loo- Clapton Nursery, London, E. NOTICE TO THE TBADE. MESSRS. GREGORY &. EVANS beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally, that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS. in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other varieties in proportion. Inspeciiojt Invited. LONGLANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP, AND AT LEE, S.E. SOLUBLE Fin TREE OIL INSECTICIDE. For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage. Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, \s. 6(/., 2J. 6i/., 4J. td. a bottle. Per gallon 12s. 6d , or less in larger quantities. Maker. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale Druggists. New York : Roli^er & Sons. JOHI WAEIEE & SOIS, By Special Appointment. THE Crescent Foundry, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.G., and the Foundry Works, WALTON - ON -THE - NAZE, Essex. Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, Bell and Brass Founders, Braziers, and Coppersmiths. „f^"' ^"-'' ■^"''"'' ^' if"!' awarded to Joim Warntr &= Sails, by llu Roial Harlkiillurnl Society, at Ihcir Exhibitions in London, May 1882 and 1883, /or Garden Engines, d-^r. By Special AppoiDtment. Manufacturers of GILBERT'S Patent Handlights and Improved Regis- p" tered and Patent Handlights and Re- spirators. y. W. &• Sons' Hortu-iil!ural List, and Wind, IVater, Steam, Horse, and Manual Poiver Pump' in^ Machinery Cataiogues, on ap/'iication. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED. WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &0. I HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS, PUBUC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS HAENESS ROOMS, DRYDJa ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. ^d. per bushel ; loo for 75; ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40J. ; 4-bushcl baps, id, each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6rf. per sack; 5 sacks. 25J ; sacks, nd. each. BLACK FIBKOUS PEAT. 51. per sack, s sacks aji. 1 sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. is. gd. per bushel ; 15J. per half ton, 265. per ton ; in 2 bushel bairs, ^d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOUI.D, IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8t. 6ince 1859, against Red-spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., 3s., S: loj. 6i/. AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis- hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part. GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com- fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies, Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td and ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. FLORAL GUM. This Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals of flowers Irom falling. It is easily applied — dries instantaneously — and leaves no stain on the blossom. Un'versaily approved of by the leading Florists and Groioers. {Sec Tesiunoitials ) " 18, Westbourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883. '* Okntlemhn, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some years. It fixes the petals of fl jwers without injuring or staining ihem.-Yours faithfully. ..j^S ^ POUNCE and SONS." " Messrs. Hawes & Ckisp." CRYSTAL GUM .. ai. o^. pint. 3^. 6^. quart. 12^. gallon OPAQUE ,, .. -is.td. „ ss. gd. „ los. ,, Sample Bottle of either kind sent post-free for is. -^d. in stamps. HAWES & CRISP, 103, loS. 107. QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W. SILVER SAND DIRECT FROM PITS. For lowest piice, write HENRY WILKERSON, LEIGHTON BUZZARD. Orchid Baskets. SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal Teak ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper Wire, from 6s. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London. E.C. INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.— lOo yards for los., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards for loj., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton (or Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern. J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley. RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All the usual kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second- hand, of every description. RafHa Fibre, Netting and Tiff'any, Tarpaulins, Rlck-covers, Horse-clotbs, Ropes, _ Lines, and Twines. Price LIST on application to J, BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street, London, E C, NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE, RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES, ITALIAN RYE-GRA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, (Sc. Samples and Qnotaiions on application. THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), 106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS. EARLY ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS. James Veitch & Sons PRG TO ANNOtlNCE THBY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING, and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. WEDNESDAY NEXT.-(Sale, No. 6440.) A GRAND IMPORTATION OF CATTLEYA MENDELII, CATTLEYA GIGAS, CATTLEYA AUREA, ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, O. CRISPUM, O. PESCATOREI, O. SPECIES, supposed to be new; MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, rare; M. TROCHILUS, and M. HARRYANA. The whole of the above in the best possible condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the above fine IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. ^=^ §5 R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are th« perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the very best. Conservatories and. "Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heat&g AppOTatUS, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. PlaJis, Estimates and Catalogues free. Custovtcrs waited on in any pari of tJte Kingdom. MODERitTE CHARGES. Our Maxim is and always has been — FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIALS. AoGuvr 4, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 133 CABBAGE FOR PRESENT SOWING ^^3 SUTTONS' IMPERIAL. The bebt Cab- bage for spring use. If sown the first or second week in AnRUst it will produce beautiful Cab- bnges for early spring use Heads cone- shaped, very l.trge, firm, and of mild fbivour. Is. per ounce. ENKIELU MARK.KT, 6-/. per ounce. SUTTONS' IMPROVKD NONPAREIL, gj'. per ounce. IMPROVED KARLY DWARF YORK, 8./. per ounce. LARGE BLOOD-RED, ^d. per ounce. Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans); all gocds value 2PJ. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or Wales. SUTTON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER AND FARM, The BEST procurable, at the Lowest Prices consistent with GENUINENESS. ILLUSTRATED DESCKIPTIVE LIST on appUoatlon. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. DUTCH BULBS, ANT. ROOZEN \ «. sp,* This is a large new Acrostichum of the sub-genus Elaphoglossum, which was discovered in 1880 by Mr. G. S. Jenman, on the banks of the Mazaruni River, in British Guiana, and of which he has just sent living plants to Kew. It is allied to A. perelegans and A, auricomum. Root-stock suberect. Basal paleae small, linear subulate, nearly black. Stipes tufted, those of the barren frond 3—4 inches long, clothed with small lanceolate adpressed fimbriated membranous palea;. Sterile lamina 2 — 3 feet long, i^ — 2 inches broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the apex and base, membranous in texture, green on both sides, the palere of the upper surface numerous but incon- spicuous, minute, ovate, adpressed, whitish, deeply fimbriated, of the under side densest on the midrib, not adpressed, minute, membranous, lanceolate, fer- ruginous, densely fimbriated ; veins slightly ascending, moderately close, distinct, simple or forked. Fertile frond not yet seen, f. G. Baker. Anguloa Ruckeri (Lindl.) retusa, n. var. A most remarkable variety. It is lemon colour outside the perigone, full of dark purple blotches inside. The good character is found in the lip. Its lateral lacinice are quite abrupt, rectangular ; its median lacinia is unusually small, reflexed, covered with short strong hairs. The column has a very strong angle at a short interval above the base. This curious plant, whose constancy can only be judged by time, though it is to be expected, was kindly sent by Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea. H. G. Rchb.f, Odontoglossum Schlieperianum {Rchb. f), O. FLAVIDUM, var. This is the Odontoglossum grande flavidum of the late Herr Klotzsch. It is a very fine variety, sulphur colour, with a few exceedingly light cinnamon bars at base of the sepals and petals, some orange on base of the lip and on the callus, and with brown hairs on the wings of the column. I have finally had it now afresh from Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. //. G. Rchb. f. EDIBLE FUNGI. According to Coulter's Gazette^ Dr. J. J. Brown, of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, has for several seasons experimented with field fungi for culinary purposes. He finds no fungi that one would be likely to gather for eating that are violently poisonous. His method for discovering the valuable kinds is one that requires no scientific knowledge of the plants, and commends itself for its practical com- mon sense. He gathers fresh clean-looking speci- mens ; if they have a bad or unpleasant odour when cooking they are discarded, and one will soon be able to tell the good from the bad at this time with consi- derable certainty. A small amount of the cooked fungus is then eaten. If it has a pleasant taste, and no disagreeable results follow, it is partaken of more freely next time, and is soon put on the list of valu- able kinds. Tasting of the fresh fungus is but little assistance, as an acrid or nauseating property is often dispelled in the preparation. There is no doubt that the danger of fungus-poisoning has been unnecessarily exaggerated. With the caution just pointed out the danger is so greatly lessened that it is practically reduced to zero, and no one need hesitate to make use of this abundant supply of nourishing and palat- able food. It may be added that many sorts will be found harmless enough, but of no more culinary value than so much grass or wood, being either not juicy or without a rich flavour. Our contemporary is respon- sible for the whole of the foregoing. No doubt proper cooking neutralises some of the harmful pro- perties, and another important point is to gather your fungus before it is too old ; but, as far as European fungi are concerned at any rate, it is better to learn to distinguish the various kinds than to proceed in the experimental fashion recommended by Dr. Brown. * Acrostichum {^F.lapho^lossmti) magnunt. Baker, n. sp. — Pa'eis basalibus lineari-subulatis atro-castaneis, frordis sterilis stipite 3— 4-poIlicAri paleis pallidis lanceolalis adpressis dense vestito, fronde lanceolato a — 3-pedali iotegro membranaceo ulrinque viridi. paleis faciei snperioris pallidis inconspicuis adpressis profunde fimbriatis, faciei inferioris muhis lanceolatis ferrugineis fimbriatis, venis patulis gracilibus perspicuis sim- pHcibus vel furcatis, fronde fertili ignoto. 136 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883. REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS. [FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS, AUGUST, 1883.] COUNTY. APRICOTS. SCOTLAND, ABERDEEN AYR.... BANFF BERWICK CAITHNESS CLACKMANNAN CROMARTY .. DUMBARTON DUMFRIES. EAST LOTHIAN . INVERNESS KINROSS.... LINLITHGOW MIDLOTHIAN MORAY . . . NAIRN ... ORKNEY - PEEBLES . PERTH ... RENFREW .. ROSS-SHIRE ROXBURGH STIRLING SUTHERLAND... WEST LOTHIAN. WIGTONSHIRE . ENG LAN D- NORTHERN COUNTIES. NORTHUMBERLAND CUMBERLAND WESTMORELAND.... DURHAM YORKSHIRE Under Under ; very good Under Failure Belowaveragc bad Under ; bad Under ; bad Under Under aver- age ; good Under ; good PLUMS. Few grown Large crop Very few ; Bood Under Under Average Average ; verj' good Under average Average ; good Under Under average Failure Under average Under aver- age : very good Under average Half a crop Under Average ; good Under Under aver- age ; good Under Very scarce Average ; good Under Under Below average Average ; good Under Over ; very good Under ; good Under ; Vic- toiias good Under ; bad Over ; good Under average Under ; good Under average Over Good Under ; good Over Under Under average Very few Over average ; very good Very bad Average Under Average Over ; good Average Under average Under Average Under ; good Average ; good Average ; var Victoria Under Under Under ; good Under average Failure Failure Under average Good ; Dam- sons average Under ; bad Under average Under average CHERRIES. PEACHES AND NEC- TARINES. PEARS. Unde.- Average ; good Over; good Average ; very good Over average ; good Average Thin crop Morello ave- rage ; others under Average Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Over ; very good Average; good Average; good Average Average ; good Average ; good Over average ; good Dessert under Morellos over Over average Over ; very | good I Good Over ; very I good Under Average Average i Good crop Over average ; very good Average Average ; good Average Average ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Average Not grown out-of-doors Not grown outside None grown outside Average Over; good Under ; small Average ; good Under; bad Average 'Over average ;; Under aver- Average ; good Average No fruit out- side Unde'r Under None outside None outside Under ; good Average good Average Medium Over average Under Good crop Under aver- age ; good Average Under Average Over average Average Under Above ; very good Average ; good Average , good Over ; good Average Over ; very good Average Morellos aver- age ; others under Over ; good Average Average Average ; very fine Over ; very good Heavy crop Under ; bad Over ; good Over ; very good Average Average Average ; good Under Over average Over ; very good I Average j Over I Very good Average ; good Under Over average Over average ; very good Over average Over Good Over average ; good Over Under Average Over average under glass Under Peaches under gotd Average None grown outside Good Under glass case None grown outside Scarce Average ; very None outdoors good I Over average good Under average Under aver- age ; very good J Average ; good Ur.de Good Under Under Good Under Over average Average ; good Over Average ; good Over ; good Average ; good Over Average Over ; good Over average Average ; good Average Average Average Over average ; very good Over average Under aver- age; bad I Under Under average Average age ; good Average Thin crop Average ; good Over Average Poor crop Under ; bad Average ; good Over ; very good Average Average Under ; good Under Over average Average ; good ; Jargon elles over Under average Average Good Under ; good Averace Under average Heavy crop on south walls Average ; very good Good Over Average Average Average Over average Under average Under aver- age ; poor Average Under ; bad Under ; good Average ; good Under Under Under ; good Average Average Average Average Scarce Over ; very good Over average Under aver- age : bad Under Under average Average SMALL FRUITS. Over average ; very good Average ; good Over ; very goad Average ; all good Average ; good Abuudant Over average good Under Over ; good Very good crop Average ; good Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Very good Average ; good Over ; good Over average ; very good Average ; good ; Rasp- berries over Over average Over ; very good Very good Over average, and good Over Average Over average very good Abundant Over average very good Very good Over ; very good Very good Average ; good Over ; good Average Over average Over average ; very good Over average ; guod Average Average ; very good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Average Over ; good Average ; good Over average ; good Over ; good Over average ; very good Very good Very good Over average ; very good Average Average Good crop Average STRAW- BERRIES. Average ; good Over ; very good Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; bad Very heavy crop Over average ; good Average Over ; good Very good crop Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Over ; good Very good Average ; good Average ; good Over average very good Average ; good Under Under ; bad Not much grown Average Average ; good Very good Over average, and good Good Under Over average very good Good crop Over average very good Over average Abundant, and very good Very good Average ; verj good Over ; very good Under Average ; much de- stroyed by rain Over average ; fioe Abundant ; very good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average Over ; good Over average ; good Over average ; good Over ; good Over average ; very good Very good Average ; good Average ; good Average Good Very good crop Over NAME AND ADDRESS. Under average Average ; good Good crcp Scarce ; good Average Under averace Average Average Under Plentiful Fair Under ; bad Under average Under average John Forrest, Haddo House, Aberdeen John Proctor, Slaing Castle R, Farquhar, Fyvie Castle Gardens J. T., Lochgilphead G. Taylor, Castle Gardens, Inverary John Gray, Eglinton Castle, Irvme John Webster, Gordon Castle Fochabers W. Fowler, Mertoun, St. Boswell's W. Richardson, Ayton Castle John Reid , Blackadder, Chirn- side foho Sutherland, Langwell Thomas Ormiston, Alloa Paik J. McKay, Tarbat Gardens, ParkhiU Alex. Scott, Auchendennan James Mitchell, Camis Eskan John Shannon, Jardine Hall James Smart, Raehill Gar- dens, Lockerbie L. Dow, Newbyth, Preston- kirk Wm McKelvie, Broxmouth Gardens, Dunbar VV. Henderson, Balbirnie Gardens ^ , » George Ramsay, Fordell House Gardens Geo. Johnston, Glamis Castle James Mitchell, Panmure t ardens, Carnoustie A. McDona'd. The Gardens, Balmaccan John Fortune. Blair Adam Andrew TurnbuU, Bothwcil Castle Wm. Muir, Hopetown Gar- dens Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith Palace Gardens Charles Johnston, Dalhousie Castle Gardens D. Cunningham, Darnaway Caslle, Forres James Manson, Kdrannock Castle Thos. McDonald. Balfour Castle Gardens, Kirkwall Malcolm Mclntyre, The Glen, Innerleithen P. W. Fairgrieve, Dunkeld George Croucher, The Gar- dens, Ochtertyre, Crieff David Doig, Ro;s:e Priory, Inthture Thomas Lunt, Ardgowan D. Harvey, Invergorden Castle J, Munro, Duncraig, Strome Ferry John Galloway, Minto Gar- dens. Hawick Maurice Fitzgerald, Dunmore Gardens D. Melville, Dunrobio Gar- dens John Moyes, Dalmeny Park, Edinburgh Archibald Fowler, Castle Kennedy Thomas Bowie, Chillingham Caitle Gardens J. Hammond, Brayton, Car- lisle Wm. A. Miller, Underley Gardens Samuel Sarple.DallamTowrs, Milnihorpe Edward Evans, Stons, Win- dermere J. Hunter, Lambton, Fence Houses James Larkin, Auckland Castle. Bishop Auckland M ichael Saul, Stourton Castle, Knaiesborough James Fowler, Harewood House, Leeds Joseph Shaw, Nunappleton Robert C Kingston, Brant- ingham Thorpe, Brough. August 4. 1SS3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 137 CONDITION OF THE FRUIT QKOV^~{Contnnied), COUNTY. APRICOTS. NORTHERN COUNTIES. YORKSHIRE LANCASHIRE STAFFOPD. LEICESTER WARWICK NORTHAMPTON. OXFORD . BUCKS HERTS , MIDLAND COUNTIES CHESHIRE DERBYSHIRE ... NOTTS Average None grown outside Under average Under Under average Under Under Under average Under ; good Under Under Under Under average Under Average ; very good Under average Under average Under Under Under Scarcely a fruit outside Under average Under Under average Failure Very few Failure PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACHES AND NEC- TARINES. SMALL FRUITS. STRAW- BERRIES. Under Moderate Under Under ; good Under Scarce NUTS. Under Not good Not grown out- I side [ I Good Failure Bad Failure Under aver- age Much under average ; very small Under Under Very scarce Under average Under Thinner than for past seven yeais Under Under average Under Under average Failure Under aver- age Much under average ; very small Under Under average Under average average Under Very ihin in- deed Bad Very few Under Under Under Morellos aver- None outside age I Average; good; Morellos heavy crop Over Over ; very good Average Morellos aver^ age Under ; bad Under None outside Under Under average Average Under Average ; good Very good Under average Under Over ; very good Under average Under average Under Not grown in the open air Under; very few grown outside Look average Over Average Over Average ; good Average Average Average Under Under Over average ; good Average Average ; par- tial Over ; very good Average Over average Over Under Average An excellent crop; very good Average Over Total failure Under average Under Average ; good Bad Average ; good Under Average Under Average Under average Average Under Average Under Average ; good A Complete Average ; good failure Very scarce Average Average on Average on walls ; good walls ; under on standards Under Undi Failure Average ; good Under average Average Under average Average Under Average Under Under Under Under Under Average; Mo- rellos very good Under average Under average Under Under Under average Average Under Und Average Average ; good A few Undi Under average Under Average U.dei average Under aver- age ; good Under average except Morel los ; good Under Under average Average Unde; Under Under aver- age ; Morel- los scarce Average Average ; good Over average ; Over average ; very good good I Average Under average Over average Over ; good Over Average ' Average Very good Very good Average Under Over; very Average ; good gocd in places None grown outside Under average Average ; good Under average Under Fair Over Average ; pro- mising Full average Over Over; good Average Over average Average Over ; good Average Under average Over ; very good Abundant Over ; very good Good Over average Over average Over ; good Over ; good Over average Average Average Aveiage ; good Average Average Over average ; very good Under Full average Average Under average Average good Average good Average ; verj I good Average Average Average None grown Average ; good outdoors I Under average Average ; good Great crops Over ; good Average Average ; good Under |Very thin out- doors Over average Over average Very scarce Under Average ; good Under Under Average Under Under Average Average on some sorts Average Under Over : very good Under average Average Average Under Under Under Under average Average Average Under Under Average ; good Thin Under Under average Average Under average Average Average Under aver- age ; good Average Under average Under average Much under average Over J good Under Average Average Over Over; very good Over ; very good Very good Abundant and good Average ; good Over average Average Average Average ; very good Average Average ; very good Average ; very good Very good Over average good Over ; very good Average ; good Average Over Under ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Above average Average ; Gooseberries under Over average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Abundant : very good Plentiful Partial in places ; over Over average ; very good Over ; very good Above aver- age Over average ; very good I Average ; good Over average good Over Over ; very good Average ; good Average ; good Over ; good Average ; good Over average Average Over average ; very good Average Over average ; very good Over average ; very good Very good Over average ; good Average Over ; very good Over average Over average Over Average ; good Average ; very good Over ; very good Above average Over Bad Walnuts over good Under Under Average Average ; good Over ; good Very abundant and fine Abundant ; very good Plentiful Over and fine Over average ; very good Over ; very good Above aver- age Average ; very good Over average ; very good Average ; good Average ; good Over average good Over average ; very good Over ; very good Average ; very good Plentiful and good Over average Over average ; good Over average Over average ; very g od Over average ; good Great crops ; very good Over ; very gocd Over ; very good Abundant, and large fruit Average Average Average Under Average ; good Average Average Under Under Under Not many grown here Under average Under Under average Under Average Walnuts very few Plentiful Average Average Bad Average Average ; good Under aver- age ; Walnut! arlial NAME AND ADDRESS. parlia Unde: Under Under Very thin ; Walnuts fair average Under average Average Under; good Average ; gocd Under Average Over Over Average; good Average ; good Over average very good Over average Over average Walnuts over ; Filberts under Over ; good Over ; good Average Average on Average ; good Over average walls only Average Average Average Under \Vm. Stephtns, The Gardens, Endcliffe Hall, Sheffield W. Culverweil, Thorpe Per- row, IJedale W. B. Upj.^lm, Worsley Hall Gardens, Manchester W. P. Roberts.Cuerden Hall, Preston F. Harrison, Knowsley Gar- dens, Prescot Vndrew Jamieson, Haigh Hall, Wigan H. Lindsey, Huntroyde Park, Burnley J. Johastone, Roby Hall, Liverpool Alfred Jos. Grant, Withingtoa Hall, Chelford Robert McKellar, Abney Hall, Cheadle Robert Milne, Vale [Royal Gardens r. Selwood, Eaton Gardens, Chester J. H. Goodacre, Elvaston Castle, Derby r. Keetley, Darley Abbey, Derby Richard Carr, WelbecW, Worktop. S. A, Woods, Osberton Gar- dens, Worksop J. Edmonds, Bestwood Lodge, Nottingham A. Henderson, Thoresby Park A. S. Kemp, Haughton Hall, Shifnal James Louden. The Quinta Gardens, Chirk Richard Milner, Sundorne CastleGardens. Shrewsbury Henry Purser, Berwick Gardens, Shrewsbury W, Davidson, Sandon, Stone E. Simpson, Wrottesley, Wol- verhampton W. Bennett, Rangemore, Bur ton-on-Tre nt W. Ward, Little Aston Gar- dens John Wallis, Keele Gardens, Newcastle James Maclean, Beaumanor Park William Ingram, Belvoir Castle Gardens Edmund Wainwright. Nevill- Holt, Market Harborough G. C. Maynard, Cole Orton John Grey, Normanton Park, Stamford Henry Mason, Bisbrook Hall Wm. Miller, Combe Abbey, Coventry R. Greenheld , Priory Gar- dens, Warwick K. Cooper, Hiehbury, Mose- ley. Birmingham J. Trigger, Milton Park, Peterborough Richard Gilbert, Burghley Park, Stamford Edmund Cole. The Gardens, Althorp Park Wm. Kennedy, Kimbolton Castle Geo. Ford, Wrest Park, Silsoe Good crop on I walls Fair crops Abundant On walls plen- 'tiful, standards none Average; good Average ' Walnuts over Over aver.ige; good Over ; good , Walnuts aver^ age ; Filberts Very abundant Good and very I plentiful under Thin Charles Turner, Cranfield Court, Newport Pagnell Thomas Hedley, Putteridge Park, Luton Isaac Watson, Nuneham Park Gardens, Abingdon John Grcenshields, Sarsden House, Chipping Norton Thos. Buckerfield, Shirburn Castle, Tetsworth William Finlay, Wroxton Abbey, Banbury B. Hope, Middleton Park Gardens, Bicester Thos. Bailey, Shardeloes Gar- dens, Amersham. Geo. Thos. Miles, Wycombe Abbey Gardens r. Smith, Mentmore, Leigh- ton Buzzard Geo. Haskins, Stowe, Buck- ingham v3eorgc Norman, The Gar- dens, Hatfield House Richard Ruffett, Panshanger J. C. Mundell, Moor Park Gardens, Rickmansworth 1.^8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 18 CONDITION OF THE FRUIT Q'KOV'^—{Co7itinued.) MIDLAND COUNTIES. HERTS EASTERN COUNTIES. LINCOLN NORFOLK SUFFOLK. ESSEX SOUTHERN COUNTIES. BERKS MIDDLESEX. KENT. SUSSEX HANTS , APRICOTS. I PLUMS. PEACHES CHERRIES. AND NEC- APPLES. , TARINES. PEARS. Under; good ' Under; good Average; very I good Under ;'good Under ; bad Under ; good Poor crop Under Under A failure Under ; bad Very very few Much under average Under average Failure Under Under Bad Failure Under Under Under ; good Under Under Under average Under aver- age ; bad Worst crop I remember Under Under Failing Under ; bad Very few Under average Under average Failure Under Under Bad Under aver- age ; bad Under Under Very bad Under Under average Under ; bad Complete failure Bad Under ; bad Under Under Much under None grown out-of-doors Under Under Under ; bad Under aver- age ; good Under average Under aver- age ; bad Under average Failure Under average Under average Under aver- age ; good Under average Under average Bad Average ; good Complete failure Under average Bad Under Under Under Bad Average ; bad Under aver- age ; good None on stand ard^ ; under on walls Scarce Under ; bad Under Much under Much under average Under Under Average Under Under Half crop Under Under average Average ; good Average ; good Failure Under ; good Average ; very good Bad Average ; good Under Average Average ; good Under Average ; good Under average Under ; bad Average ; very good Under Average ; good Under Under Under Much under average Under Average ; good Under ; bad Average ; good Under average Average ; good Average ; good Failure Under aver- age ; good Under average Under Very scarce Under average Under aver- age ; good Almost a total failuT'e Very scarce Bad Much under average Under average Abundant under glass Average Much over average Average Average Over average ; Over average very good j very good Over ; very Under good Plentiful and good Average ; good Average Under Average Average ; very good Average ; good Not quite an average ; good Average Bad Under average Average Over ; good Average Average Under average Under Average ; good Good Average ; good Over Average Under Average Average Average; good Over average good Average Average ; good Average .'Average ; good Over None grown out-of-doors Average Average Over ; very good Average ; good Average ; very good Average Average ; good Under average Good Over average Average ; good Under aver- Average crop and clean Average Average Half crop Over ; good Good crop Average Average Average Average Over average very good. Good Over average very good Under Average Over ; very good Good Over ; good Over average Over ; good Over average very good Average Over ; very good Over Over ; very good Much over Under aver- Under average age ; good i Under average Over average 1 very good Bad j Average Under Under Under I Under Under ! Under Under average Average ; good Bad Under average I Under average Under ^average .... ' Average age Average Average Average Under average Under aver- age ; good I Average Average Average ; very good Bad Average of some kinds Average Over Over ; very good Over average ; very good Over average ; very good Over average Over average ; very good Over average ; good Average Over average Over average : very good Over average ; good Over average Abundance Very good Under average A good crop Average Average ; small Over ; very good Average Average Average Under average Average Average; good Bad Over average ; very good Under Average Under ; good Under Under Under average Average ; good Under aver- age ; very good Under Under ; good Average Under Under Under average Average Under Average ; good Average ; good Under aver- age ; good Failure, except on walls Average ; good Average ; good Under Under average Average : good Under aver- age ; good About an aver- Average ; good Average ; good Over average very good Ovir average Over ; very good Over average Average ; good Average; good Average ; good Over average very good Moderately Abundant good Under average Average ; good average Average SMALL FRUITS. STRAW- BERRIES. NAME AND ADDRESS. Over average; Under; good Under; good J. Thompson, Gorhambury veri' good Average ; Raspberries excellent Great crops Average Over Good crop Average ; good Very good crop Average ; good Average ; good Average ; very good Average ; good Average ; very good Moderate Average ; good Under Over Average ; good Very good Uuder ; good Over average Average ; good Over average very good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average ; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Average Over ; good Over ; very good Over average ; very good Average ; good Over average and good Average ; good Over average ; very good Average Average Average Over ; very good Good crop ; very fine Over Average ; fine Good crop Average ; very good I Very good i Average ; very' good Over average ; very good Average ; very good Over ; good Over average ; very good Good Average ; good Average Poor crop Under Under ; few grown Over Average Over ; very good Good Over ; good Over average Over average ; very good Over average ; very good Average Over ; very good Over ; good Average ; good Average ; but wanting in flavour Under average Average Average, Tjut soon over Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Over average ; very good Over average ; good Over average ; very good Over Average Average ; good Under Average Under average Under average Average Average ; good Bad Filbei ts under ; Walnuts aver- age Under Under Average Filberts under; Walnuts aver- age Under Under Under Walnuts ; good Under average Under Average ; good Over average ; good A fair average ;-Over average ; good Average Average good Abundance Very good Average ; good Over average ; good Over average I good Under average Average ;FmaIl, ! especially I ; Currants | Under average Average ; good' Average I ; Under aver- Average ; very Over average ; age ; bad I good \ very good Average ; good Oter average ; Over average ; I very good | verygo:d Average Over average Average Under; good Over; very Over; very I good good Under \ Over ; very Over : very good good Under good Over average ; Average : very very good j good Average on Average ; good Average walls only Under average Abundant Abundant, and I very fine Average ; good Average ; very'Average ; very on walls good | good Average ; good Over average; Over average ; I very good I very good Under average Under average Under average Under average Average Under average Much under average Under average Under Under average Under average Average ; good Average Under Uuder Gardens, St. Albans G. Merritt, The Hoo Gardens, Welwyn George B. Tillyard, Brock- lesby Park, Ulceby David Lumsden, Bloxholm T. Vinden, Harlaxton Manor, Grantham J. Taylor, Lee Hall, Gains- borough H. Batchelor, Catton Park, Norwich T. Wynne, Wroxham Hall Gardens A. Lancaster, Holkham W. Shingler, Melton Con- stable Thos. S. Murphy, Hillington Hall, King's Lynn J. Sheppard, Woolverstone Park, Ipswich J. Wallis, The Gardens, Or- I well Park, near Ipswich : Robert Squibbs, J ckworlh, I Bury St. Edmu.-'d's J. Mill, The Gardens, Ren- dlesham Hall D. T. Fish, Haidwicke, Bury St. Edmunds D. Donald, Knott's Green, Ley ton James Douglas Great Gearies, Ilford W. B nes, Havering Park, Romford William Smith, Birch Hall, Colchester W. F. Bowman, Hylands, Chelmsford H-nry Lister, Easlon Lodge, Dunmow T, Jones , Royal Gardens, Windbor James Tegg, Bearwood S. Mortimer, I'urley Park, Reading Robt. Fenn, Sulhamstead Abbots, Reading A. Dean, Bedfont T. Baines, Palmer's Green, Southgate, N. T. P., Stanmore R. Henderson, Fulhara Palace John Woodbridge, Sion House, Brentford J. Willard, Holly Lodge Gar dens, Highgate, N. John Burnett, The Deepdene, Dorking W. Denning, Coombe Lane, Norbiton Alfred Evans, Lylhe Hill, Haslemere F. Corbould, Tandtidge Court, Godstone H. C. McRae, East Horsley Towers W. Smith, Farnham Castle* Gardens James Child, Garbrand Hall, Ewell John Cox, Rcdieaf, Penshurst R. Gray, Chevening, Seven- oaks Charles Whitehead, Barming House, Maidstone H. Cannell, Swanley F. Deuxbsrry, Cobham Halt Gardens. Gravesend John Charlton, Tunbridge Wells John Wilson, Castle Gardens, Arundel B. Coombe, Wiston Park, Steyning Jo eph Rust, Eridge Castle F. Rutland, Goodwocd Geo. M. Ereese, Petworth Under Sidney Ford, Leonardslee, Horsham Under jWilliam Allen, Normanhurst I Court, Battle Average John Halsey, Cowdray Park, Mid hurst Moderately P. Edwards, Fowley Gardens, good ! Liphook Average ; bad Wm. Smythe, The Gardens, Basing Park, Alton Under average W. Wildsmith, The Gardens, I Heckfield Place August 4, 1S83.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 139 CONDITION OF THE FRUIT ZV^OVS—{Conthiucd), COUNTY. SOUTHERN COUNTIES. HANTS WILTS WESTERN COUNTIES. HEREFORD WORCESTER. GLOUCESTER MONMOUTH . SOMERSET. DEVON CORNWALL APRICOTS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACHES AND NEC- TARINES. average Under Under averag' Under; very bid Wiy few Cfirnplete failure Under average Very pood Quite a failure Under ; good I Very few Halt a crop in places i Bad jUnder average Under Average ; good Average ; good Good Average Average ; good Average ; good Under ; very bad Average ; good Under average Good Average ■ croo, all protected Average Bad Average ; good Average ; ^cod Under average Under average Mnrellos aver- I age ; others j under Under aver- I Under aver- |MorelIos aver- age ; good age ; good age ; good Under average Under aver- Over average ; age ; good I good Under; good Average ;good Under ; good Under Under ; bad Under : gocd Uncer Bad Under aver- age ; good Under aver- age ; bad Very bad Under average Under ; good Under Under ; good Under Average Under average Very jcavce Failure Failure Under ; fair Under; b?d Unc-er Under Undtr aver- age ; gnod Very few Very bad Under aver- age ; bad Under ; bad Under Ui der ; good U.der Bad Under average Under Bad Under ; Mo- retlns aburdanl Average Avfrage ; gocd Urder ; good Under Average ; good Under aver- aj;e ; good Average Average ; gocd Average ; good Under average Under Ucder ; good Under Average ; good Under aver- age ; gord Morellos good Average Under aver- age ; but good Average ; good Average ; good Under ; bad Under Average Average Under ; bad Under average Very bad Average ; very good WALES. BRECON CARMARTHEN CARDIGAN CARNARVON... DENBIGH GLAMORGAN . MERIONETH . MONTGOMERY PEMBROKE ... IRELAND. ANTRIM ARMAGH CARLOW CAVAN CLARE CORK. DERRY DUBLIN Under Under aver- age ; gocd Very few trees grown Do not succeed here Very thin ; i different quality Under Bad Early varieties good ; Mo- relli'S under Under average! Good Under average! Average Failure Average ; gocd Under Average ; good Under | Average Under aver- age ; bad Under Under aver- age ; good quality Average Ver>' thin ; small Under Under ; good Under Very bad Average ; good ' Average j Under average Average Morellos good ; sweet Cherries thin Average ; good Average ; good Under Average Under Under ; good Under Good Urder average Under Average ; good APPLES. Over ; good Average ; good Good Over average Over ; good Average ; good Good Good Average; good Urder average Over average ; very good Average ; good Average ; good Average : good Average Over ; good Over ; very gord Avera;;c PEARS. SMALL FRUITS. JMuch under good Under average Under Average Under ; good Under average Average on walls, none on pyramids Under avera Average ; gocd Under average Over average very good Average ; gocd Under ; good Under ; good Under average Over : very good Average ; very good Under Over average ; Over average Bad Under average Failure Under Under average Under aver- age ; gocd Under Under Thin crop ; small Unde Under Bad I Bad Under average Under average Under average Under aver- Average ; very age ; bad good .... Under average Under Under Bad ' Bad Under; good Under; bad Average Average ; good Average ; very' .... good ! Average Average Average ; good On walls under ' average Under aver- Under aver- age ; good age ; bad Average ; good Under average Average Average Average Bad very Average Average Over average Over ; very good Average Over ; very gocd Over Very good Over average Over ; gccd Over ; very good Very good Over average : good Average ; good Over Over average Under aver- age ; good Average Fxce'Ient crop ; loaded Aveiage Average ; very gocd Average Over average very gcod Average Under average Under aver- age ; good Average ; veiy good Average ; very gocd Under ; very grod Ui-der Average Average Ui der aver- age ; good Average ; gocd Very good Average on walls only Average ; good Under Average Over ; good Average ; good Very good Average Average ; good Plentiful and good All good Average ; very good STRAW- BERRIES. Over ; good Over average ; good Very gocd 1 Over average Over;> very good Over average ; good Abundant ; very fine Excellent Over average ; very food NUTS. NAME AND ADDRESS. The:, Mylcs, Appley Towers. Isle of Witrht Under average F. Thirlby, Bioadlands, Rem- sey Very bad William Pbipps, Uowocd Car- dens, Calne J. Horscfield, Hcyte^bu^y Urder Thos, King, Devizes Castlu Under average H. W. Ward, Longford Casile, Salisbury Scarce J. Sallford, IIsingtonGardtrs, Puddletown Under average C. Haze], Leweston HoviEe, Sherborne Average W. P. Leach, Br^ ai slon Gardens .Average"; ex cept Goose- berries Over average : Over average very good very good Full crop ; Over average ; Average gocd very gocd I Over; good .Average ; good I Urder; bad Average; good, Under average Average Average ; good Over ; good Over average ; very good Over ; good Average ; good Very good Over average ; very gocd Over ; good Over ; very good Gocd Average ; good Over average ; Under avei very gocd ag*" ; bad Very good Over average ; Under averagi gocd Very good Average ; good Not grown out- j side Over ; very Over ; good good Under ; bad Under average Over average Above aver- age ; good Over average Average Over average Average ; gocd Over ; very good Under aver- age ; good Average Average Average Good crop ; Quinces gocd Under ; bad Average ; very CI od Under Over average Under; very sood Under average Average Average ; good Average Under Average Under ; good Average ; good Average Over average Average ; gocd Under Over ; very good Over Very good Over average Over average good Average ; very good Very good Good Very abun- dant ; good Average Average Over average; Average very good i Over; very Over; good gocd Over; very I Under good I Over ; very 'Average ; gocd gocd I Over Average Very good Under average Over average Over average Over ; very go&d Very good Abundant ; good Abundant ; gocd Over ; bad Alfred Bye, Hampton Court Gardens, Leominster Over average ; Over average ;, Under average very good very good Arlhur Ward. SloVe Edilh Park, Herefotd Robert Abbey, Hrlme Lacy Gardens. Hereford Joseph Hall, Shobdcn Court Gardens Under Arthur Barker, HirdUp. Wor- cester Under; bad Robert Palmer, Hagley Gar- dens, Stourbridge Under Walter Child, Croome Court, Severn stoke Over ; good Wm. Ctump, Madresficid Court, Malvern Under George Westland, Willey Court A. Scott, The Gardens, Sher- borne Park Samuel Waihen, Kingscote Park , Tuiner, Fretherne Court, Stcnebouse John Sowiay.Highnam Ccurt, Gloucester Thomas Coomber, Hent're Paik A. S. Woods, The Gaidtns, Trtdegar Park John Austen, Ashton Ccurt Gaidens, Bristol William Halle tt. Ccssirgtcn Farm, Bridgwater W. A. Ceale. Ciicket St. Thomas. Chard Average W. J. Rowley, Kingswcston, Taunton Very thin A. Ayson, Oxton House, Kenton Walnuts abun- D. C. Powell, Powderlam dant Castle F. Geary, Eggesford Gardens Scarce Geo. E^ker, The Gardens, Membland Hall Under average Charles Lee, Boconnoc Under James Murton, Perca'erick, Truro George Knox, Port Eliictt Gardens, St. Get mains Over average ; gocd Good ; plen- tiful Average ; ex- cept Uoose- berries Over Average ; good Over average | Over Over Under Over Excelled crops Excellent, and of good quality Over Over average ; gnod I Gcod I Good ; except, Gooseberries I Over ; very good Over average ; very good Good Very good Filberts fair ; Cobs poor Walnuts failure Average Under Under aver; Over ; good Average; good .... Over average Over average .... Over average ; Over average ; Under aver- good good I age ; bad Over average Average ; good .... Average : good Average : good Under Over average Over average ; Under gocd . good Average ' Average .... Average ; good Average ; good Aver.ige ; gocd Average ; veiy Average ; very .... good good Albert Ballard, GUrusk Paik, Crickhowell Louis Bowen, Edwinsford Henry Howard, Castle Mal- gwyn Gardens Allan Calder.VajnolGardtns, Bangor P. Middleton, Wyrnstay, and Llangedwyn Gaidenb Ralph Crossling, Fcnanh Nurseries Jas. Bennett, Rbug Gardens, Cor wen Wm. Lee, Powis Castle Gar- dens Geo. Griffin, The Gardens, Slebeck Park Geo. Porteous, Garron Tcwer W. Allan, Brownlow Gardens Thomas Bennett, Oak Pai k Gardens W. I. William Wilson, Drcmoland Castle W. Osborne, Foto Island William Fleming, Palace Gar- dens J. Ellam, BrenanstownHou?e, Cabintely David Pressly, Knockmarccn Ledge 140 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [August 4, 1883. CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CKOVS— {Continued). COUNTY. ; APRICOTS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACHES AND NEC- TARINES. PEARS. SMALL FRUITS. STRAW- BERRIES. NUTS. NAME AND ADDRESS. IRELAND. FERMANAGH .. KILDARE KILKENNY , MEATH QUEEN'S CO. .. WATERFORD WESTMEATH .., WICKLOW CHANNEL ISLANDS. GUERNSEY JERSEY SCILLY ISLES ... Under average Under A failure Under ; bad Under Under Under; bad Under average Under Under Under Average Under Good Average Under ; very Average ; good good I Under ; go^d Average ; good Under Under Average Over ; very good ! Under ; good Average ; good i Over average ; Under aver- very good age ; bad Average All under glass Average ; bad Under Under ; bad Under Average Under Under Average ; good Under Under ; bad Average Under Average ; good .... • • ■ . Average Under average Average Average Average ; very Average on good ! walls Over; gocd i Under ; good , Average ' Under Under i Average Over : good Under ; good Over average ; Average very good Very good Average ; Gooseberries under Over ; good Over ; very good Average ; very good Over ; very good Over ; good Over average ; very good Average Average Over ; good Over : very good Average ; very good Over ; very good Average Over average ; good Over i Average Over ; good Over ; good Average ; good Average ; good' Abundant ; Abundant ; very good very good Over average ; Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good good i 1 I Over average ; Average ; goodjOver average ; Average ; good' very good good i I Average Average Under Under William Magee, Florence Court, Enniskillen Philip Wadds, The Gardens, Moore Abbey William Gray, Woodstock Park, Inistioge W. J. Ireland, Headfort Gar- dens, Kells Edward Ennis, Emo Park, Portarlington R. Fairbaim, Curraghmore J. Igo, Moydrum Castle, Athlone Over average G. H. M'CuUoch, Powers- court Gardens Very few Chas. Smith & Sod, Caledonian Nursery Charles B. Saunders, St. Sa- viour's Edward Pond, The Vineries Geo. D. Vallance, Tresco Abbey Gardens PLANTS IN FLOWER. Gladiolus CoLViLLEi ALBUS, or "The Bride." — This is really a lovely and useful plant, from the first highly eulogised, and destined to be much more appreciated, There is now no doubt as to its hardi- ness and adaptability for forcing, I have no hesita- tion in saying that, by careful management, it may be had in flower from shortly after, or by Christmas to September : and how serviceable the pure white flowers, invaluable for wreaths, &c. It is now in prime state outside, the admiration of all ; and upon examination of the bulbs I find they are increasing rapidly. Thanks to a great extent are due to Mr, Thomas Ware for popularising this plant, and I am of opinion it will be far more popular than at present ; and as it multiplies freely there is no prospect of the price rising to such a degree as to prevent an enor- mous sale. Bulbs once forced, if gradually hardened off and well fed after being forced, will flower well enough the following year. This I proved this year. Campanula carpatica and var. alba, — These are undoubtedly two of the most useful border or rock plants we have now in flower, the former with blue and the latter with white flowers, produced in such profusion as to make the plants very conspicuous. Their hardiness is greatly in their favour, and the ease with which they may be propagated either by seed, careful division, or by cuttings ; where a limited stock only is required the latter method is much preferable. Take the young cuttings in spring and prick in sandy soil in a cold frame, and they will strike freely. There is a very handsome variety sent out by Froebel & Co., of Zurich, under the name of C, turbinata pelviformis, but it is nearer carpatica in every way, the flowers not being turbinate ; and, besides, turbi- nata itself is only a variety of carpatica. It is very handsome, quite crowded with flowers. My plant is on the rockery, and is now about a foot high ; but in a less drained position it grows rather taller. The flower-stems carry several flowers; corolla about li inch across, nearly saucer-shaped, with five distinct lobes, of a pale blue-purple colour. It is one of the best plants now in flower, the colour of the flowers being very distinct, while they are produced in great abundance. To increase the stock of it the young shoots should be rooted in spring, as if seed of it is sown you get a great variety of offspring, none per- haps like the true plant ; but I have noticed that all the seedlings approach carpatica more than turbinata, RuTA tatavina or patavanica, — This is a very rare little alpine, which is the primary reason why it is mentioned here, as it is by no means a very showy plant, but is certainly a most interesting little Rue. I have some small plants now in flower which were originally obtained from Herr Max Leichtlin, of Baden Baden. It produces slender stems about 9 inches high. Leaves rather less than an inch long, lanceo- late, entire, bluntish, slightly glaucous. Cymes few- flowered when expanded, but they are generally closed, are about half an inch across, pale yellow j petals oval, spathubte, boat-shaped. It is, I believe, hardy in well drained situations, and although a weakly grower, if planted in sand, loam, and leaf- soil it thrives fairly well, but undoubtedly is rather difficult to increase. Perhaps Herr Max Leichtlin will communicate his experience of the plant to the numerous readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, whose delight is the cultivation of rare as well as showy hardy flowers. Campanula Hosti. — This very much resembles C. rotundifolia, but as far as I have observed it never has the roundish leaves, like the radical leaves of that species, and the narrow stem leaves are more numerous ; the flower-stems bear a larger number of flowers, which are individually much larger and more open than those of rotundifolia, in the normal form of a deep blue colour ; I think it is often called linifolia. There is also a white-flowered variety, alba, which is extremely pretty, the counterpart of the blue form ; both are excellent rock plants, dwarf in habit, very floriferous and hardy ; increased freely from seeds, which must, however, be carefully saved. The young spring cuttings root freely in a cold frame ; young plants thus made are very vigorous. It is a bad plan to split old plants up, as all the growths pro- ceed from a primary rootstock, so it is difficult to divide in such a way as to have roots to each piece. DiANTHUS SUPERBUS. — Among the host of alpine Pinks this stands out as one of the prettiest and most deliciously scented. It grows very freely, and pro- duces a profusion of its pretty light pink laciniated flowers with an almost unique sweetness, which was not unobserved by the old authors. Clusius mentions it, and Parkinson describes it thus : — " Of a most fragrant scent, comforting the spirits and senses afarre off'." The latter authority also describes it as the " feathered Pinke of Austria," Native of Southern Europe, easily grown and increased, forming a broad evergreen cushion on the rockery, RuBUS ODORATUS, — This is a very showy shrubby species, growing 3—4 feet high, with large palmately divided leaves, and cymes of rosy-purple flowers from ij— 2 inches across. For the shrubbery and wild garden it is well suited ; the fruit, which is very rarely produced, is edible, somewhat resembling the Raspberry, but rather larger. I remember seeing it with several fruit ripened in the marvellous collec- tion at Byfleet, Surrey, belonging to Mr. Joseph Stevens. A good figure is given in Bot. Mag., t. 323, and Miller cultivated it in 1739. parts of North America. Native of many Geranium argenteum. — This is a very rare and beautiful little " Crane's-bill," of dwarf tufted growth. Leaves sub-peltate, with numerous divisions covered with a silvery pubescence. Peduncles usually two- flowered ; flowers about 1 4 inch across, of a soft pink colour ; petals obcordate. The charming blending of colour in the flowers and foliage is very noticeable, and all alpine lovers are quick to appreciate it. It is remarkable that it is so rarely seen in our gardens, a fact which can only be accounted for by the slow rate at which it can be increased ; it does not produce off- shoots very freely, and when divided it is very diffi- cult to coax into fresh growth. It ripens seeds but sparingly in this country, though undoubtedly the best way to increase it is by means of seeds, which are very slow in germination. I remember seeing a little colony of seedlings upon the rock garden belonging to Mr. Whitehead at Bickley, the seed being self- sown, yet undoubtedly the recipients of some care. An excellent figure of it is given as long since as 1801 in Bat. Mag,, t. 504, where Mr. Curtis remarks, " It was introduced into this country from the sum- mit of Mount Baldus by Mr. Loddiges, nurseryman, of Hackney. " I have a good plant on the rockery outside, which has received no protection for three years. T. RODGERSIA PODOPHYLLA. A stately herbaceous plant, of great hardiness, remarkable more for its general effect than for the individual beauty of its flowers. It is a native of Northern Japan, where it grows in thin woods at sub- alpine elevations, Mr, Maximowicz, to whom we are indebted for so many ornamental plants from that region, sent it to the Petersburg Botanic Garden some fifteen years ago ; and Dr, Regel states that it is perfectly hardy in the severe climate of that city. Closely allied to Astilbe, it possesses the advantage of a taller habit of growth, attaining a height of 3 or 4 feet. The flowers are white, and appear in June or July. Our figure (fig.23) was prepared from a plant cultivated by Messrs, Rodger McClelland & Co,, of Newry, Ireland. Aster diplostefhioides, a figure of which has been prepared for the Botanical Magazine, is a beautiful plant about li foot in height, with large, showy flower-heads (of a lavender-blue colour) more than l\ inches in diameter. The Kew plant was raised Irom Himalayan seed presented to the Royal Gardens by Mr. H. J. Elwes, and is the No. 32 of that gentleman's collection. August 4, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 141 SOME RARE OLD PLANTS. Now and then, and usually more often at country shows than at London exhibitions, we meet with some rare old things that come upon old plantsmen with surprise and pleasurable delight, whilst younger men are apt to think that these are novelties of the section of a family of plants that is far too seldom seen in gardens. This plant was covered with long scapes or spikes of pendent bell-shaped flowers, pure white in colour, and bearing no inconsiderable resemblance to large blooms of Lily of the Valley. This Clethra is a grand plant for greenhouse and con- servatory decoration. Then in a collection of fine The specimen shown was about 6 feet in height, and was an attractive feature to all lovers of choice things, and worth a score of commonplace fine-foliaged plants. Lastly, Mr. Aitkin had in another group a small but well-bloomed plant of the large yellow- flowered Celsia Arcturus, sometimes called C. cretica, that showed how in this genus and its allies, the Fig. 23.— rodgersia podophylla : flowers white, (see p. 140. finest water. It was with some such sentiments we saw at the pretty country show held the other day in the Duke of Buccleuch's fine park at Ditton, near Slough, two or three things that were worthy of and secured the greatest admiration. Thus the centre figure of a good group of plants put up by Mr. Godfrey, gardener to Dr. Meadows, of Poyle Park, was a tall, superbly bloomed specimen of the Madeiran Clethra arborea, one of the greenhouse evergreen stove and greenhouse plants put up by Mr. Aitkin, gardener to Mrs. Meeking, Richings Park, was a very beautifully flowered specimen of the Lager- stromia indica rosea, a fine old hard-wooded Chinese plant that to thousands of gardeners is as little known as are the propositions of Euclid. The petals, frilled at the edges, are attached to the calyx solely by a thin filament. The plant is not of a dense habit, but when in good bloom is singularly beautiful. Alonsoas, what beautiful flowering greenhouse plants are too much neglected. YtrccA ALOIFOLIA VARIEGATA. — A Stately speci- men of this handsome plant, which measures 12 feet 4 inches in height, is now in flower in Major Foster's garden at Moor Park, Ludlow. The panicle of flowers measures z feet 6 inches in length. 142 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 18S3, mi\\\i Hole.') and |lcuninf!f). L^LIA Veitchiana x .—This gorgeous hybrid Orchid (see supplementary sheet) is quite a veteran, having been raised in 1S58. It was raised at Exeter by Mr. Dominy for Mr. James Veitch, who brought it to Chelsea, where, we believe, the whole stock still remains. The parents, it is recorded, were Cat- tleya labiata and C. crispa, and the hybrid was first named Cattleya Veitchiana by Mr. Dominy ; but Dr. Reichenbach, who regarded C. crispa as a Lselia before he reduced the genus Lcelia to Bletia, subse- quently described the hybrid {.Card. Chron., n. s., i., p. 566) under the above name. A seedling in 1S5S, it did not flower until 1874, in March of which year it was exhibited at South Kensington, and Messrs. Veitch were awarded a First-class Certificate for it. Sixteen years was a long time to wait for the first flowers, but the recompense was great. It has leaves of great substance, and deep dark green in colour, while the flowers are lilac-mauve, with a lemon-yellow and crimson-purple lip. Or to be more circumstantial the sepals are of a delicate lilac ; petals deeper coloured, more inclining to mauve, with some pale amethyst-purple spots; anterior half of lip rich crim- son-purple, with a sulphur-yellow disc behind, streaked with purple in the centre, the whole with a narrow pale lilac border. Cattleya superea splendens, — I send you two blooms of the Rio Negro variety which have been out a fortnight and are past their best ; but the colour of the petals is lovely, as you can perceive. I have seen darker lips and broader petals, but not a more attrac- tive flower. Mr. Bockett calls it a bad one to manage ; but I find plenty of sun, little or no shade, except when the young growth is coming up, floods of water during growth, combined with a hot temperature and near the light, suit it well. All my plants grow freely and make as large or larger bulbs here than the old ones show. They are impatient of any covering to the roots : and do best on a block of Tree Fern. I find, when not in growth, they do not get more water than just to keep them from shrivelling, and are always kept hung near the glass in a very airy stove-house (air on day and night). To this latter I attribute much of my success : a close damp atmosphere at night is death to many of our plants. F, A. Philbiick. Cattleya Leopoldi.— I send you two blooms of a very bright fine shaped variety, I think far before any engraved or coloured plate I have seen. It is deliciously fragrant, the odour resembling Nutmegs or some "spicy breeze," though not from Araby the blest. I never saw such well spotted petals or so round a flower. F. A. riiilbrick. Tkichopilia hyjienanthera. — This is flowering for the first time with me, a very pretty and un- common plant. It is best grown in a basket with sphagnum and a little peat and charcoal, in the inter- mediate-house. The flower-spike is extremely grace- ful, and though not a show Orchid is extremely charm- ing. In growth it is not unlike a strong form of Leptotes bicolor. F, A, Fhillinck, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum.— I also send two blooms out of thirteen the plant bore for a month and cut about ten days ago. This plant is the variety I had a First-class Certificate for, at the same time the introducers (Messrs. Veitch) had a similar one. It is the best variety I know. Side by side I have a plant part of Mr. PoUett's parent plant, figured and badly coloured, vol. i. of Williams^ Orchid Allnnii, not nearly so large or so fine. In boldness and for a striking plant this is the finest Cypripedium intro- duced of late years, indeed I doubt if any of the old varieties touch it. For conspicuous beauty of foliage and for strength of consitution it is unrivalled among the slippers ; it is a remarkably free grower, and keeps free from all pests and plagues. The dorsal sepal in these two flowers is beautifully coloured, and, unlike C. barbatum superbum grandiflorum, or indeed any variety of barbatum I ever saw, show a variety and combination of colouring of the ground of the dorsal sepal which greatly heightens the attractiveness of the flower. The plant in question has light marbled leaves, as distinctly marked as any C. Dayanum, but some C. Lawrenceanum have dark marbled leaves, resembling the darker form of Dayanum. I find the darker leaved variety generally bears smaller flowers. F. A. Phil- brick, OlilfieUs, Bicklcy. New Orchids from New Zealand. r— Among a number of plants described as new by Mr. W. Colenso in the fifteenth volume of the Transactions and Proceedings of the jVetu Zealand Institute are three Orchids, namely, Earina quadrilobata, Dendro- bium Lessonii, and Pterostylis emarginata. The first is said to have close affinity with E. mucronata, but is a much smaller and more graceful plant, with fewer and differently formed flowers. The author considers his Dendrobium to be the same as D. biflorum of Richard, but not of Swarlz, and specifically different from the commoner D. Cunninghami. A fourth new Orchid is reported by Mr. J. Buchanan in the same publication. On the authority of Baron Mueller it is Calochilus paludosus, R. Br., a species previously known only from New South Wales. It was col- lected by Mr. H. II. Travers in the Collingwood District, South Island. We may add that the genus, of which two other species have been described, is otherwise limited to South-eastern Australia. Vanda teres. — In reply to the remarks of Mr. Douglas at p. 78, respecting the growth of the Vanda teres that recently bloomed so profusely, I have to state that it occupied for the past twelve months the small stove mentioned in my previous remarks, where it bloomed. This stove faces the west, and the plant stood at the sunny end, close to the glass, but a little shaded by the Dendrobiums around it. It was kept dry, water being entirely withheld. During the remaining' ten months it was syringed twice daily, and the house shut up in the afternoon. On sunny days the thermometer has regis- tered 75° to 100°. In this house there is a good heat kept up the whole year. In other respects it had no extra attention. It has now been placed in its old quarters, and will be treated under the same condi- tions as before, and I hope to report next June that it again bears 260 flowers. It cannot surely do better, for it was covered with bloom. Jos. Broome, Wood Lawn, Didsbiiry. OOONTOGLOSSUM RoEZLII. — Although not pos- sessed of the bold and striking appearance of O. vexillarium, this species is in every respect worthy of cultivation ; and the two coupled with O. Phalas- nopsis would form a beautiful and interesting trio for any collection. They are all from the same country, and evidently closely related, but justly entitled to specific distinction, the dilTerences of which are most apparent in the inflorescence. A white variety of the present species, and one of O. vexillarium, would, to a casual observer, be scarcely distinguishable ; culti- vators, however, cannot fail to note the disparity in the vigour of growth, the former being the weaker, and at the same time more erect in habit. The indi- vidual flowers are large and white, with the exception of a dull violet-purple blotch near the base of the petals, and orange lines and spots on the labellum. These flowers are deliciously fragrant, reminding one very forcibly of Rosa indica. SPIR/EAS. How often it happens that hardy plants posses- sing a beautiful and distinct habit of growth, and which, in addition, produce handsome flowers, re- main so long unknown, or their merits un- acknowledged by the generality of those who possess gardens, that they are absent from numbers of places where their presence in association with the ordinary occupants of the shrubbery would be a decided gain, as much for the contrast to other things which they would afford as for the individual beauty they pos- sess. Amongst these may be named some of the SpiiL^as which bloom in the summer months, when the glory of the spring flowerers is past, and there is little in the way of flowers to light up the dense masses of foliage that are then predominant. Take, for instance, the Himalayan S. Lindleyana, with its dis- tinct handsome leaves, and the large feathery elegant sprays of white flowers which it produces from the extremity of every shoot, than which nothing can be more effective, especially when a few plants are grouped together. Then there is the Chinese S. cal- losa, the white flowers of which are very effective ; S. Nobleana, a Californian species with pale pink flowers, its erect dense panicles being both handsome and distinct ; S. arixfulia, another fme kind, bearing conspicuous white flowers; S. Reevesiana, a pretly white-flowered kind, of Chinese origin ; S. prunifolia flore-pleno, still another Chinese sort, well worth growing where the ground devoted to shrubs is exten- sive ; but even in places of limited extent the above might often with advantage be introduced if perforce the more usually met with denizens of the shrubbery were less extensively planted. FOf^ESTI^Y. 1 — - Forest Work for August. — Continue the operations recommended for last month regarding the preparation of ground for autumn planting, but more particularly the draining and trenching, or pitting of wet soils. Autumn planting is preferable to spring planting, and should be resorted to in all favourable situations. In the case of peat-bog, or other wet retentive soils, the reverse of this is, however, the case, as the antiseptic properties of peat always damage the tender rootlets before starting into growth in spring. Prepare ground where evergreens are to be transplanted, and towards the end of the month the planting of most evergreen shrubs may be begun. Large trees that are intended for removal during this season should have their roots cut round, which will greatly induce the formation of young rootlet?. . Evergreens of all sorts may towards the end of this month, or beginning of'next, be propagated by layer- ing or from cuttings. Mow and clean all plantation drives and shooting roads, and where not already done cut all weeds around the margins of planta- tions. The sooner summer operations in the wood- land are finished up the better, as game will now be driven to shelter by farming operations in the adjoin- ing fields. Continue the tarring or varnishing of fences and gates during dry warm weather, as little of such work has been got done during the past month. In the nursery, owing to the very wet season, weeds have been difficult to keep down, and could only be managed by hand-picking ; but now that more favour- able weather has set in, extra perseverance and vigi- lance are necessary. Young plantations may now be thinned, and the falls collected into lots suitable for local purchasers, as there is generally a good demand for fencing-poles and such-like material at this season. Clean out all surface and leading drains, so that the late rains may have a free passage, bearing in mind that thorough drainage will keep the sail at a higher temperature than when water is allowed to lodge throughout the winter. Collect all joad-scrapings, ditch-cleanings, and general nursery refuse, and form into a compost with lime for use on the farm, nursery, or as a top-dressing for grass lands. Where it is intended to form new hedges the ground may now be prepared, either by trenching or digging, as the case may require. Con- tinue the switching of Thorn and oiher hedges, as well as the pruning of evergreen fences and banks. Re- move superfluous leaders from Coniferous and other trees ; prune off dead branches wherever in sight, but more especially within the policy grounds and along the margins of plantations visible from drives or roads. Examine fences and Iree^guards, and see that rabbit-proof wire-nettings are in a good state of repair. Groundwork alterations and improvements — such as roadmaking, levelling, &c. — may now be commenced, and materials carted during dry weather for repair- ing roads, walks, and drives. The present is a good time to go over plantations, especially hardwood, and mark off such trees as are intended to be removed, always reserving the best for the permanent crop, and looking more to the future value of the plantation than to the value of the thin- nings removed. Layering in the nursery and wood- land should be continued, especially where game coverts are in request. The shoots best adapted for this purpose are those that have completed their second year's growth, such seldom failing if firmly pegged down and covered with good soil, Look over ornamental trees, and see that all ties, stakes, or supports are in good order, and not cutting or chafing the bark, at the same time treading up such as have become loosened or are rocking with the wind. The ravages of beetles and caterpillars are usually worst at this season, so a sharp outlook is necessary to prevent further damage, as the injury they infiict is not easily overcome, especially if it is the leader they have attacked. In the nursery or woodland remove all plants affected by beetle, red-spider, or caterpillar, and have such carefully collected and burned at once. A, D, IVti'sfcr, Penrhyn Castk, North Wales, August 4, 1SS3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.. 143 iilcIjXM: SeiIim;. A MOST important crop, to be sown not later than the middle of this month, is winter Spinach The liind linown as the priclcly is the most preferred, being the hardiest. The situation chosen should be fully exposed to the sun, and the soil should not be of a too retentive character. A thorough good dressing of rotten manure should be dug in deeply, and the ground afterwards be marked out into 4-feet beds, running north and south, and formed in a convex shape. This done, the seeds had best be sown in four or five drills, but the great point is to see that the seed is got in not later than the 15th ; the plants will then become strong, and be better able to stand the winter. And when one reflects that for a whole six months this crop is likely to be called upon for a supply, too much pains can hardly be taken in getting it properly in, and a good breadth sown ; the south border is often chosen as the best place to sow this crop for winter. Also at the same time sow a packet or two of winter Onions— the Tiipoli is generally preferred ; for years we have sown this crop quite thick on a rather poor piece of land, and in the spring transplanted them to richer land, usually in March, when sowing the spring Onions. Sow at once a good hardy Cos and Cabbage Lettuce for winter and early spring supply, which we shall mention again, as to where and when to plant, in a later Calendar. Where Turnip greens are much in demand a still further sowing may be made— not that they will bulb much, but the tops are relished by some in the early spring. Push forward the planting of Endive, and let it be planted in various situations, sometimes on east or west borders it will stand the winter better than on a south border. The hardy green and the round-leaved Batavian are good hardy kinds. Oftentimes a plant dies here and there in the plantation ; when this is the case a search in the place with a pointed stick will discover a brown grub, which kill, and then put in a fresh plant. The present is a good time to sow the winter supply of Chervil ; in modern [cookery this herb is greatly in demand. If not already done get up early Fotatos at once ; the disease has made its appearance among them, and they are ripe : so sort them for seed and table separately. Cut the tops off early I'arsley nearly close to the ground ; it will push forth fresh leaves directly, which will stand the winter better than the old leaves. As soon as the mid-season Peas are over clear the ground, and plant directly with Broccoli or Kale to stand the winter. It is hardly possible to have too much of these. Plant in some shady place a few hundreds of some very hardy red Celery. It will not require earthing-up, but will ccme in most useful for flavouring soups in April and May. In some localities Scarlet Runners will shed their blossom ; where this is the case a good watering will be beneficial. Keep the hoe going amongst crops, and endeavour to keep weeds from seeding. Earth-up all the Brassica tribe as occasion requires, and thin-out late Parsley and Turnips. Continue once a fortnight to earth-up the early Celery, and take care that late crops do not suffer for want of water. Nothing tends so much to make it hard and tough as too little water, and if the leaves get disease dust the entire crop with soot the first thing in the morning. If a good supply of herbs has not been secured by drying lose no time in doing so ; even for some purposes dried Sage is preferred to the green. Begin at once daily to collect material for Mushroom beds, and do not reject too much straw from the droppings. J. Rust, Erulge Castle, Sussex, Peaches anb Wectarines. Carry out the directions already given as to the treatment of early and second houses, and as the trees in succession houses become cleared of fruit, give them the same treatment as to syringing and watering, &c., as was applied to early houses when in the same condi- tion. Also go over them and take out all superfluous and weak wood that will not be required for fruit-bear- ing next year ; by doing this now the trees will require very little pruning in winter time, and the wood gets thoroughly ripened and in good condition to produce good crops of fruit next season. Bring on late houses according to the time they are required to be lipe: any forcing may be done by closing early on bright sunny days. Keep the foliage clean by plying the syringe freely twice daily on bright days — on dull wet days once will be sufficient. Get the fruit well exposed to all the sun and light possible, and pay special attention to the roots by keeping them well supplied with liquid manure whenever they require it. 7- IVallis, A'a/e Gai-Jeiis, August I. ])l;mlf5 and \\\t\\ |;iltui[t Stove Plants.— The section of these that are so much grown for the beauty of their foliage should now be in their very best condition. Keep a watchful eye on the inroads of all insect pests, which increase to an alarming extent if left to themselves at this season of the year. The very life-blood of the plants will be drawn from them if neglected ; see, therefore, that all of these, our enemies, are kept at the lowest possible point. Where this is done far more plants can be grown in a healthy vigorous condition than can even be dreamed of where insects are at times allowed to have things all (or nearly all) their own way. Young and tender developing foliage becomes crippled and impaired beyond remedy ; this in the case of fine- foliaged plants is, if possible, a greater evil than with flowering kinds. Plants become disfigured, and are an eyesore for months afterwards to those who take any pride in good cultivation. Guard against over- crowding to an undue extent ; ease the stove proper of any plants that are considered sufficiently hardy to succeed when well established in an intermediate- house or even in a conservatory that is kept a trifle warmer than an ordinary greenhouse. In this way a very pleasing change can be made in the arrangement during the summer months without any injury to the plants if well cared for. Be careful in the case of the more tender kinds with regard to the watering ; see that soft or rain-water is used if possible, and that, too, not drawn from a cold-water tank, where the sun's rays have not the chance of warming the same, and avoid placing the tenderest species in a draughty position. Propagation of the well ■ coloured and shapely growths of Crotons may be looked to ; these will be handy in the late autumn as table plants when well rooted. Asparagus plumosus nanus can be increased by division ; this excellent decorative plant is well worthy of every attention, and an increase in the stock of the same will not be regretted. So far we have not succeeded in striking it from cuttings, but mean to try again. We have resorted to fertilisation of its flowers, but in this case too we failed to get the desired end, though the plant operated on was in robust health. This species makes a beautiful specimen, our example of it is now some iS feet in circumference. Some seed of Cyperus alternifolius should be saved and sown as soon as ripe ; this is the best way to grow this plant for decorative purposes. Gesneras, useful alike for the beauty of their leaves and for their flowers, should receive every attention where any stock is being grown for autumn and winter uses. We have succeeded best with the tuberous kinds when kept nearly close to the glass and plunged in a slight bottom-heat in a pit or frame. Dracaenas that have become too tall may be struck off now, before winter comes on us again ; when any are cut down look after saving some of the stems, to be cut up for increase for small dwarf stock. In the case of D. gracilis, however, we like to leave the stem intact after the top has been taken off, then as young shoots push forth these can be heeled off and struck singly in thumbs. Continue to propagate^any stock of winter flower- ing stove plants where any further increase is neces- sary. We have just put in some strong tops of Eran- themum pulchellum that will make dwarf stocky plants by the autumn. A late batch of Poinsettias will also be useful as dwarf plants, in which manner they are best adapted (or furnishing purposes. All the Euphorbias should now be well established, and making strong growths. Thyrsacanthus rutilans is best grown as small standards, our young stock are now growing away nicely ; old plants also flower well, and should receive attention. Begonias, as B. insignis and Knowsleyana, should now be making nice plants ; seedlings of the latter kind are with us doing well, being dwarf and vigorous. All these and similar plants that arc ir-tended for winter supplies shoiild be fully exposed to the sun, growing them as hard as possible. We have ours in a pit by themselves, where they receive the treatment best calculated to ensure these desired results in due time. We have not so far given over firing (or the stove this season ; had the weather been warmer the fires might have been left out occasionally, but just a trifle of heat in the pipes, is, we think, the best plan, and the safest too. If the night temperature is above 72° a crack of top air may be left on all through the night. This is better than leaving the house closed without any fire ; on this latter principle there will be an excess of moisture in the morning, which is not so easily dispelled should the morning be damp and dull. Where no fires are kept in the afternoon damp- ing down and syringing should be the last for the day ; this will in a measure obviate any excess of moisture in the morning. James JhuSson, Gunners- bury House Gardens, Acton, W., fitly 31. Jflelons an6 Cucumbers. Melons. — Last week we made our last planting for the season, in a house in which plenty of top and bottom-heat is at command. As Melons had occupied this house up to within a day or two o making this planting, the only preparation necessary for the reception of the young plants, which had been previously got ready, was the removal of the old plants and a little of the surface-soil from the beds, which was replaced with some fresh soil as soon as the interior of the house had been cleansed. This was formed into little hillocks, and the plants— one on each — planted thereon, and secured to a stick fastened to the first wire of the trellis. These plants will fur- nish us with a good supply of fruit during the month of October and early part of November. The recent and somewhat frequent storms have necessitated the fire being lighted occasionally to dispel damp, now that the nights are becoming longer and somewhat colder. When there are indications that a falling in the temperature may take place during the night, the fires had better be lighted, and the atmospheric mois- ture in the houses be regulated in accordance with the requirements of the plants and the condition of the weather. Houses in which the plants are swelling off their fruit can be shut up earlier in the afternoon now, say at from 3 to half-past 3 o'clock, now that the days are getting shorter. Damping must be done very sparingly in pits and frames where no hot-water pipes are at command. H. IF, Ward. CucUMiJERS. — Now and again, at the end of the current month, will be a good time to make a sowing of Rollisson's Telegraph, which, when obtained true, is one of the very best varieties for winter work, producing, as it does, nice handsomely shaped and moderately sized fruit. The plant is also constitu- tionally good and prolific. Sow the seeds singly in large 60-pots in light mould, and plunge in a frame in which there is a little bottom-heat, and shift them as they require more room at the roots until they are planted out or finally shifted into their fruiting pots or boxes, as the case may be, for which purpose an admixture of three parts of light loam and one part of peat, and charcoal sufticient in quantity to keep the whole porous, will be best. In a mixture of this description I have always found winter Cucum- bers grow satisfactorily— more so, in my opinion, than when animal or other manure has been incor- porated with the above ingredients. Moreover, stimulants can always be applied in a liquid state as the plants require it. Put small sticks to the plants when sufficiently grown to require supports to prevent their being broken through vibration or other causes. Syringe the plants twice a day if hot-water pipes are at command, and shut up at from 3 to half-past 3 in the afternoon. The time, however, of putting on and taking ofi' air must' be regulated in accordance with circumstances existing in each particular garden and house, such as the aspect and construction of the house, inasmuch as one may consist of a minimum of glass and a maxi- mum of wood, and viee vers.!. These, however, are circumstances with which gardeners are fully ac- quainted, and hence, as I have already hinted, there should be no hard-and-fast line drawn for the giving and taking off of air. The usual thinning, stopping, and tying of the shoots and removing of superfluous fruits will, as a matter of course, be duly attended to. //, IK Hard. 144 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. f Flower Shows in Sefton Westwood Park, ( Continuation of Flower Monday. Auk- 6-< l^^\ Liverpool; and ° 1 Southampton. (. Alhcrsione Horticultural Society's Show, Wednesday. Aug. 8 \ ^^'f °f Imported Orchids, at Stevens' \ Rooms. THURSDAY, Aug. 5 4 Sile ol Es.ablishcd Orchids, at Stevens' " I Rooms, f Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & ITDin.v A..™ ,„ ) ^^or^is' Rooms. tRIDAY, Aug. 10.; Annual Meeting of Royal Botanic Society, t at 1 P..M. MOST readers of this journal will be acquainted, at least by hearsay, with the very elaborate practical experiments carried on at Rothamsted for nearly fifty years in suc- cession under the auspices of Sir John Lawes. Those experiments have been instituted for the purpose of obtaining definite answers on certain points of the chemistry and physiology of animals and of plants and only indirectly for practical purposes. The needs of the scientific agriculturist have more especially been borne in mind, and in so doing ultimate benefit to the practitioner has been better assured than by catering for him alone in the first instance. Naturally, many of the results obtained are at once valuable to the gardener and to the farmer. We propose at this time to speak only of one set of experiments, one which has been in pro- gress for more than a quarter of a century, and of which, as indeed of all others, careful record has been taken and materials affording con- firmatory evidence preserved in the labora- tory at Harpenden. The experiments to which we now more especially allude, are those relating to Grass Land. The last part of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society forms in itself a volume, and is devoted solely to statistical and botanical details relating to these experiments.* The mass of detail collected is so enormous and so bewildering that without some sort of clue the ordinary reader would be inclined to close the volume without examination, and only the most intrepid seeker after knowledge would be induced to proceed. We may, therefore, be doing good service by calling attention to the general scope of the paper, and to some of the principal points in which the cultivator may be presumed to be specially interested. The special object of the memoir is to record the amount, quality, botanical and chemical composition of the produce of a certain area of meadow land over a continuous series of years and under various conditions of manuring. Part of that area has been left unmanured throughout the whole experiment ; other parts have been continuously treated with various manurial combinations. In some cases the manure applied has been abruptly changed during the course of the experiment, in others a particular ingredient whose effect it was desired to ascertain has been discontinued either for a time or permanently. The subject, therefore, had to be considered with reference to the physical and chemical nature of the soil and of the manures added to it, the climatal conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature, &c.; the nature of the constituents of the herbage, i.e., the plants, their mode of growth, and their chemicalcomposition. All these points, andothers which in this cursory review it is not necessary to mention, had to be considered separately, and then in relation one to the other. The earlier portion of the volume before us is taken up with a short account of the methods of e.xperiment- ing, observing, and recording adopted — matters we can only refer to in passing as illustrating the laborious care which has been taken throughout. As far as regards climatal influences, apart from the action of manures, it is shown that * A£ric7tliural, Botanical, arid Cfiemical Results of Expe- riments Oil tJie ^lixed Herbage of Pcrmatunt Meadow, S'c. Part II. The botanical results by Sir J. B. Lawes, F.R.S., J. H. Gilbert, F.R.S., and M. T. Masters. F.R.S. Pp. 232, with eighty-two tables and two appendi.\ tables. large crops may be produced in different seasons by very different climatal conditions, and the same holds good with small crops. A given amount of produce grown in different seasons, under identical conditions as to manure, may thus be very different in its com- position. The plants may vary not only as to their development and lu.xuriance, but also as to their kind ; thus, certain grasses will pre- dominate in one season, certain other grasses in another, and so on. This relation of climate to vegetation, and its influence upon the com- petition between the several plants growing in association, has been especially worked out in detail in the four "separation years" — years, that is, in which a thoroughly exhaustive botanical analysis was made of the nature and amount of the produce on each plot. The total number of species observed on the plots amounts to eighty-nine, but only about half this number are of general occurrence, and many occur in such insignificant proportions that their presence may, for practical purposes, be disregarded. The largest number of species on any given plot at any given examination has been fifty-two, and this on the plot without any manure at all. On the other hand, the smallest number of species or different kinds of plants observed at any one time, has been fif- teen, on the plots most highly manured with ammonia salts, potash and mineral manure — a difference of thirty-seven species between the two extremes. It is significant, too, that the highest number of species on the unmanured plot, and the lowest number on the highly manured plot occurred in the same season, viz., that of 1877. But the absolute number of species, and the range in variation, according to the nature of the manure, great as the latter is, are by no means of so much importance as is the propor- tion which certain groups of plants bear to other groups — the grasses to the Leguminoss, for instance, or even certain grasses to other grasses, certain Leguminosce to others of the same group, and so on. For instance, the pro- portionate amount which each of the fifty species contributes to the total herbage of the unmanured plots is more even and regular than in the case of the fifteen species on the highly manured plot. In the latter case, out of the fifteen species only two or three form the bulk of the herbage, and the others are all but entirely crowded out. Thus, to use round numbers only, as sufficient for our illustration, on one of the most highly manured plots (ii"), in the year 18,77, S500 lb. per acre of hay were yielded. Of this amount over 8300 lb. were furnished by the grasses ; absolutely none at all by the LeguminosEe ; and only 130 lb. by the miscel- laneous meadow weeds. Practically everything but grass of some sort was banished by this particular manurial application. And this is no solitary case. The same thing has occurred, with only slight variation, throughout the whole experiment. The illustration we have given shows how, by the agency of a particular manure, all the varied constituents of a meadow, except the grasses, may be practically banished, and the Leguminosas absolutely so. If we investigate the matter more closely we shall find that of these grasses it is only certain ones which contribute materially to this result ; some of them are as nearly exterminated as are the Clovers and Trefoil. Thus on the same plot, and in the same season to which we have just referred, the grasses, as a whole, con- tributed, as we have said, over S300 lb. per acre to the total yield. The total number of con- tributing grasses was eleven, two of which yielded over 1700 lb. each, and three others more than 1000 lb. each per acre, so that those five species contributed considerably more than half of the whole amount, while the rest did not contribute more than a pound or two, and some yielded no appreciable weight. Let this be compared with what took place on the un- manured plot in 1862. Then there were eighteen grasses, which collectively yielded over 2 100 lb., ten of these grasses furnishing amounts varying from 50 lb. to 400 lb., the remainder smaller quantities. On the same plot, in the same season, Leguminosse furnished 247 lb. per acre, and the miscellaneous weeds 649 lb. Phalaris arundinacea. — Our correspond- ent, " Diss," asks whether the ordinary green-leaved Phalaris (Digraphis) arundinacea, which, according to the London Catalogue, occurs in ninety-eight out of the 112 counties and vice-counties into which Britain has been divided by Watson, is found sport- ing into the striped variety. We give what informa- tion we are able on the subject in this place, because it will be seen by a greater number of our readers, some of whom may perhaps be in a position to sup- plement it. The variegated grass alluded to by *' Diss " is the one common in gardens, and generally called Ribbon Grass, though it has various other local and book namer, among them Painted Lady Grass, Gardeners' Garters, Ladies' Garters, Ladie Lace Grasse, &c. We find no earlier record than Gerard's, mentioned by "Diss." In the first edition of Gerard's Herball (1597) it is recorded that this grass, or at least what has been taken for the same grass by Bauhin, Linneus, and other subsequent writers, "groweth naturally in the hilly and woody places of Savoy, and is kept and maintained in our English gardens, rather for pleasure than for virtue as yet known," We have referred to a large number of works, but we have found no single definite record of the variegated variety occurring in a wild state ; and we have looked through the long series of dried specimens in Kew herbarium with a like result. It is true there is a speci- men from the herbarium of Dawson Turner, col- lected in Yorkshire by Mr. Dalton ; yet it does not follow that it was wild. Indeed it is more likely that it was taken from a garden, for at that period (1807) a specimen of a plant was the first consideration — its origin of little importance. There is no doubt that the variegated varieties — for there are several — are of the same species as the wild Phalaris arundinacea, as the difference between the two is merely the variega- tion. The ordinary green-leaved variety is very widely dispersed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere, and the same, or a very closely allied species, occurs in South Africa. *' Diss " also asks whether the variegated grass has been increased by importations from Savoy, or by propagation from varieties sported by native plants in Britain. Con- sidering the persistent nature of the plant, and its great vegetative vitality, we should not be surprised if all the cultivated plants of each variety have descended from one stock. On the other hand, it is quite possible that variegated varieties are not very uncommon in certain localities, where the conditions are favourable to such sports. Among the prominent authors who mention it are Schkuhr, Koch, and Nyman. The first says " There is also a variety having white, green and yellow striped leaves, with several German names (which he cites), but it is oftener seen in gardens than wild." Koch merely enumerates a variegated variety without giving any locality; and Nyman (Conspectus, p. 791) has "var. foliis albo-lineatis, in statu spontaneo rara, in hortis ornamenti gratia colitur." We have only to add that we have seen the variegated variety in a half wild state as an outcast of the remains of former cultiva- tion, A very Curious Case of Disease in a Raspberry is reported from the North. " It was planted among others which bore well ; it came up with other seedlings three years ago, and having peculiar foliage was preserved, but has never yet pro- duced any fruit, although it flowered like the rest at the same time." The leaves of the specimen which has been forwarded to us are either entirely dis- coloured on the upper surface, or have large, broad, deep brown patches on them, and paler spots appear on the stems. On examination with the microscope myriads of elliptic, or slightly club-shaped spores, like those of Glaeosporium perexiguum, Saccardo, though very different in other respects, and still more from G. Rubi, Saccardo, which seems a very doubtful species. The species may be characterised as below.* M. J. B. * G. tjiaculasiait, epiphyllum : foHis brunneo-maculatis ; sports miuutis, tllipticts vel subclavatis hyalinis. < August 4, 1S83.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. H5 Hardy Flowers at the Chisvvick Gar- dens.— One of the most useful among these is Gera- nium pratense flore-pleno ; it is a good grower, very free of bloom, bearing fully double flowers of a bright blue-purple colour. There is a double white form, which is equally valuable. Lychnis chalcedonica flore-pleno and its white form are both excellent sub- jects for the hardy border. Lysimachia clethroides, with its manifold spikes of white flowers, is an attrac- tive subject and very pleasing. Stachys coccinea, a very free species, with numerous spikes of pale brick- red flowers, is is a plant deserving of being much more generally cultivated. Campanula celtidifoliura, a somewhat tall and stately species, is an object of great beauty on the rockwork, bearing very fine spikes of pale blue flowers on stems rising to the height of 3 feet. At the foot of this are some clumps of Cam- panula turbinata and its varieties that are most eff'ec- tive. These represent a group of dwarf free blooming latest novelty in the same direction is a white double variety, flowers of which were shown to us last week by Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden. Actinomykosis, we learn from Coulter's Gazette^ is the name of a new disease in man and some animals, caused by a fungus of the genus Actino- myce, which forms tumours near the angle of the jaw, and proves fatal when it becomes generalised. It was the subject of some remarks by Dr. Thomas Taylor and Dr. E. Salmon at the meeting of the Biological Society of Washington in June last. Cultivation of the Sugar-cane in Auckland, New Zealand. — From experiments that have been made by Mr. Justice Gillies the fol- lowing results were obtamed : — From 12 to 18 tons of topped and stripped cane per acre can be produced on average soils with ordinary culture. Fifty per cent, of by the phyllody of the carpels, and, to a less extent, of the ovules also, — that is to say, the carpels have most of the characteristics of ordinary leaves instead of their normal character. The reversion is not com- plete, but the outermost carpels especially are quite like small leaves folded together. They are very much enlarged, green, veined, three-lobed, quite open to the base on the side next to the axis of the flower, and borne on a short stalk. Each lobe ends in a rather hard point, that may become harsh and prickly in time. Gerard describes his variety in the follow- ing words :— " There is also kept in our gardens (onely for variety) another Strawberry, which in leaves and growing is like the common kinde, but the floure is greenish, and the fruit is harsh, rough, and prickely, beeing of a greenish colour with some shew of red- nesse. Mr. John Tradescant hath told me that he was the first that took notice of this Strawberry, and that in a woman's garden at Plimoth, whose Campanulas of considerable beauty and variety, all very free flowering and invaluable for the decoration of rockwork, and they make excellent pot plants also. "The Moselle from the Battlefields to the Rhine," is the title of a handbook by Mr. Percy Lindley to a new tour arranged by the Great Eastern Railway company, for the benefit of Continental tourists. It forms the third of a series of illustrated guides to some of the less frequented districts of the Continent ; is well written, and re- markably cheap at one penny. Holidays in Holland, A Trip to the Ardennes, are the titles of the other two, and all are published at 125, Fleet Street. AcROCLiNiDM ROSEUM. — Last season a valuable novelty in the form of a good double variety of this favourite everlasting was introduced by a Con- tinental firm, and we were glad to see by specimens in Messrs. James Carter & Co.'s seed farm at St. Osyth that it maintains its fine double character. The the weight of stripped cane can be expressed, and the juice averages over 11 lb. per gallon weight. To pro- duce a crystallisable syrup the juice must be evaporated to one-fifth of its bulk, but the main difficulties are the evaporation and crystallisation. An Old Rose.— Covering the back wall of a large orangery at Ditton Park there is one of the largest examples of a Banksian Rose possibly in exist- ence. The stem a little above the collar measures nearly 18 inches in circumference. Its presence in its present position can, we understand, be traced back for nearly eighty years, consequently it must have been planted here soon after its introduction. When in bloom it must be an unusual sight. A Monstrous Alpine Strawberry. — The Rev. M. J. Berkeley sends us a monstrous alpine Strawberry, with the suggestion that it is the "Fragaria vesca fructu hispido " of Gerard, which it possibly is. This monstrous state is brought about daughter had gathered and set the roots in her garden instead of the common Strawberry ; but she, finding the fruit not to answer her expectaions, intended to throw it away ; which labor he spared her in taking it and bestowing among the louers of such varieties, in whose gardens it is yet preserved. This may be called in Latine Fragaria fructu hispido — the Prickley Strawberry." Corisande's Garden. — We came upon a veritable garden the other day, just such as the author of Lothair pictured when he gave to the world that description of Corisande's floral haunt, which for the day was its literary sensation. It was a ducal garden, too, and in a fine old place where there clustered ancient historical and family associations. A quiet, secluded, yet noble old place, where the trees towered up to the skies with all that lofty dignity which become denizens of a ducal garden ; where the shrubs are huge masses of greenery, rendering seclusion even more secluded, and where the lawns 146 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 18S3. are of the softest verdure, as though too good to bear the common tread of mortal feet. There, too, the waters of the river-moat, which shut cut this select spot from the outer world of common life, slumbered listlessly, scarce showing a ripple except when some proud swan disturbed its repose by his dignified mo- tion. It was here we found Cokisande's garden, shut in even from so much of life as could thus be found in this somnolent pleasaunce. It was in by- gone days a walled-in kitchen garden, but the needs of modern demands had driven the culture of veget- ables into wilder spaces, and now the place where once grew Cabbages and Asparagus had been con- verted into a flower-garden pure and simple ; the paths of well-kept gravel, the edgings of Box, and the beds filled with sweet Gillyflowers and Pink?, Violets and Heartsease, Valley Lilies and Sweet Briers, and myriads of old flowers and new ones ; whilst, curiously consistent, and strangely in keeping', there grew up here and there the rich-coloured heads of a veritable Lothair — not the one of Lord Beacons- field's creation, however, but rather that of some admiring florist, for it was the beautiful Phlox of that name. This is a lovely old garden, one unique of its kind — a real flower-garden, that doubtless sometimes courts the admiration of a veritable Corisande, Carnation Mary Morris.— Further expe- rience of this bright rose self-coloured Carnation confirms our original estimate of its merits as a border flower. Its raiser, Mr. H. G. Smyth, has about 1000 plants growing in the beds and borders of his garden at Lower Sydenham, and a finer sight of its kind than those plants present now in bloom can scarcely be imagined. Its fice, vigorous growth is something to admire in itself, but the freedom with which it blooms is something much beyond the average of high-class varieties. The flowers are of good size, exceedingly neat, sweet-scented, and seem to be devoid of any tendency to burst the caljx. The Peach Wall at Ditton Park. — Whatsoever may be the fortune of outdoor Peach growers elsewhere— and this year it seems to be fairly good generally — it is certain that Mr. Lindsay has, at Ditton Park, Slough, as fine a crop of fruit on all his trees as the most ardent gardener may desire to see. We noticed the Peach wall at Ditton two years since, and then described some of its prominent fea- tures, and it is gratifying to observe that the trees show no signs of failure in any respect ; indeed, though producing in iSSi such a splendid crop, they even exceeded it in bulk last year, by no means a good Peach season, and now again are full of fruit. But, whilst many growers have Peaches in abundance outdoors this year, it is not everywhere that such a show of finely covered wall is seen — a show that, seen the other day for the first time by some capable judges, elicited the warmest expressions of pleasure and approval. There is one portion of the wall covered by four large trees that has not an inch of bare surface to be seen, and a much larger portion is broken only in about two places, and then to a very limited extent. Mr. Lindsay is not so exceedingly nice in his training notions as to decline to lay a shoot crosswise if there does not happen to be one at hand that will lie in correctly. He is for covering the wall, and it is done splendidly, the growth being of the very best, and the leafage clean, robust, and healthj'. Very little covering is ever afforded to the bloom in the spring, .15 it is found better not to do it at all than to do it imperfectly, and of elaborate pro- tective appliances there are none. No doubt the thorough drainage given to the roots, combined with abundant waterings in dry weather, is the key to the most successful results of outdoor Peach culture adopted at Ditton Park by an aged but very practical cultivator, Seedling Pansies.— Some pretty blooms of seedling border Pansies have been sent us by Miss Owen, from Ireland, to show how well they can be grown in other places besides North of the Tweed. The colours are very rich and varied, and the forms almost perfect enough to please a florist. Rich shades of brown, purple, orange, blue, and yellow predomi- nate, and these shade off into each other in many instances in a very charming manner. The petals are of great consistency, round, and broad, so that, as they overlap each other completely at the edges, an almost per ectly circular bloom results. A fine com- bination of purple and orange was remarked in a bloom which had the three lower petals of a dark purple, margined with yellow in a very regular way, the upper petal being also yellow, and the eye orange in colour. Purple, blue, and white selfs, of good forms, are noticeable as sorts which should be very effective for summer bedding in the flower garden. It is a pity the Pansy does not meet with more favour as a pot plant for windows, plant-cases, and greenhouses in spring and early summer. These seedling forms, easily raised and quickly grown, deserve greater recognition from the craft generally. East Lothian Stocks.— From Mr. Rust, of Eridge Castle, we have received some examples of Messrs. Thomas Methven & Son's strain of East Lothian Stock, the finest by far that have come under our notice. The colours are good — rose-pink, purple, crimson and white, the plants dwarf and bushy, and carrying as many as two dozen branch- ing spikes of perfectly double flowers. Mr. Rust writes : — *' We have a border of these Stocks 120 feet long and iS feet wide. The fragrance and beauty of the plants are beyond description. I sow the seeds in October in boxes, keep them on a greenhouse shelf till March, when they are pricked out in frames, and finally planted out in the open border in the middle of April. They will furnish us with cut flowers till October or November, and thus repay us right well for the trouble taken with them," Papaverumerosum.— This extremely showy form of the Poppy has been, and still is, very gay at Chiswick. There it has flowered grandly, its rich blood-crimson flowers with black basal blotches being so conspicuous and so admirable as to place it high up among the choicer hardy annuals. But we have heard complaints of inability to raise the seeds. This, we believe, arises to a great extent from covering the seeds with soil when sown. It is most successfully raised at Chiswick by simply sprinkling the seeds on the surface of the soil. They soon fully germinate. The flowers are generally regarded as somewhat fragile, but we have found them last a few days in water when cut young. Tuberous Begonias on Rockwork.— The value of these free blooming plants can be seen at Chiswick at the present moment. A number of plants put out in little groups are flowering with remarkable freedom, and consequently are very showy. The tuberous Begonia is a most accommodating plant, and it can be used effectively in many ways. It bids fair to become speedily as common in flower gardens as the scarlet Pelargonium, and there is no reason why it should not be so. Border Carnations.— From Mr. Ware, Tottenham, we have received a fine lot of named border Carnations and Picotees— capital things for the purpose, some of them being deliciously scented, viz.. Sambo, a crimson Carnation ; Gloire de Nancy, a white ditto ; and John AUum, a crimson bizarre. The Picotees Redbraes, with a purple edge, and the purple-edged Triumphans and Precision were very pretty examples. All are deserving of a place in the gardens of the richest or in the cottager's border. It is a pleasure to note how the plants have advanced in public estimation of late. They will be universally grown in a few years, in place of being found here and there in the gardens of collectors of horticultural rarities. The Italians and Tyrolese, who are great admirers of the Carnation, and which stands as high with them as the Rose does here with us, seldom tie up their blooms, but let them hang down from great jars on their balconies, quite negligee. The flowers are found to last fresh on the plant for a longer period than when they are compelled to stare in the eye of day, as with us, and the effect is quite as pretty, and it is quite natural to the growth of the plant. Clematis viorna coccinea.— The singular looking flowers of this plant, although small compared with those of many iine species and garden hybrids now under cultivation, are ornamental and interesting enough to merit a place in a conservatory or cool house collection. Given a light airy place near the glass where the foliage will attain firmness and sub- stance, the flowers will keep in excellent condition for a long time. Under such treatment the plant will flower satisfactorily in a small state. "In the typical plant the sepals are purple, while in the present variety they are more or less of a deep scarlet externally. Cohering as they do in a pitcher-shaped tube, the interior never becomes exposed and prominent as in most species ; and the thick spongy sepals constitute the secret of their endurance. C. Pitcheri, with purple flowers of the some type, is a hardy and quite distinct species, although the present one often goes under that name in gardens. Sandersonia aurantiaca, — Throughout the vast order to which this monotypic genus belongs, few are more distinct or characteristic at a glance. The slender leafy stems are wiry in their texture, and almost support themselves without staking. The rich golden or orange flowers droop gracefully on slender pedicels, from the axils of the upper leaves, and owing to their shape and direction remind one somewhat of Urceolina pendula, an old bulbous plant now deservedly receiving more attention. The perianth moreover is smaller and shorter than in the latter plant, and besides the narrow six-lobed mouth is otherwise notably distinguished by six short spurs or nectaries at the base. Its cultivation is easy and being a native of Natal readily accommodates itself to greenhouse treatment, such as that afforded in the Cape-house at Kew, where it is now flowering. Plants by Post.— The Evening Star of Dunedin, New Zealand, fur May }f>, announced the arrival in that town of a packet of living Pelargo- niums, sent from this country by Messrs. H. Can- NELL & Sons, of Swanley, to the order of a local florist. The plants " arrived ;n first-class condition " ■ — a fact, says the paper before us, which should encourage other floriculturists in the colony to send home for new and rare plants. Sandal Wood in China. — According to the Imperial Maritime Customs Reports of China, the importation of Sandal-wood into Ningpo during iSSt amounted to 1066 piculs, which w:^s more than double that of the preceding year. " This article," it is stated, "was in much demand, owing to un- usually extensive repairs in the temples during last year, which period was considered an especially pro- pitious one for building operations. Much Sandal-wood was also required and consumed in joss-sticks, for the worship of the freshly gilded idols. Nevertheless, owing to its higher value, the demand for Sandabwood is not so large as it was formerly. • Sphenogyne speciosa, a beautiful, free- flowering, dwarf-growing Cape Composite, is an annual deserving of general cuUivaticn. It grows about 6 inches high, isof compact branching habit, and bears a profusion of bright clear yellow flower-heads more than an inch in diameter. The base of each ray- floret is glossy black, and so a continuous metallic-like lustrous ring is formed round the small disc. Nearly half a hundred species of the genus Sphenogyne are described in Harvey and Sonder's Flora Capensis^ probably very few of which are in cultivation at the present time. In the Genera Plautariim^ however, Sphenogyne is not kept up as a genus, but is referred to Ursinia. By successive sowings, the subject of the present note can be kept in splendid flower through- out the summer and autumn months. Gilia aggregata.— Why this pretty Phlox- wort is not oftener seen in gardens it would be diffi- cult to determine, unless that it ripens seed less freely than most of the other species. It comes under the sectional name Ipomopsis, and is characterised by its great length of tube to the corolla. Besides this several other names have been given to it by different authors, such as G. pulchella and Cantua aggregata, while there is a figure of the plant in the Bo/aiiieal Fcgisler^ 12S1, The elegant scarlet flowers are aggregated in a close raceme towards the top of the stem, and like those of its congener, G. coronopifolia, assume a pendent or drooping direction. Both are neat and select annuals, with plnnatifid leaves and linear segments, well worth a little attention, if needful, in the first place to start them into growth before planting out. G. aggregata is to be seen on the new rockery at Kew. Sambucus RACEmosa.— When in fruit this species of Elder forms a striking and handsome object, and merits the praise bestowed upon it by Captain S. E. Cook, who likened the panicles of fruit to miniature bunches of Grapes of the most brilliant scarlet ; when in perfection, he stated that it was the most beautiful wild fruit he had ever seen. It is widely distributed in a wild state over the continent August 4, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 147 of Europe, and allhough cultivated nearly three centuries ago in British gardens it is far from being common in our shrubberies. A good sized specimen (about 12 feet high), laden with fiuit, is just now a very attractive object in the Kew Arboretum. CLERODENDKON MACROSIl'irON. — This elegant stove plant is now flowering in the P.ilm-house at Kew. It forms a bush of neat habit, has rather narrow, irregularly toothed, stalked leaves, and heads of long slender-tubed flowers, the corollas of which are green in bud, but snowy white when fully expanded. It is one of the many discoveries of Sir John KirI';, who found it in very rocky places on the coast opposite Zanzibar Island, and forwarded plants to Kew two years ago. A characteristic figure is given in the Botanical iMas^aziiic, t. 6695. Plumeria rubra. — In the Palm-house at Kew this handsome Apocynaceous plant is now in flower. The species belonging to this genus do not require much space, as they branch but sparingly, but are well worth growing both for the beauty of the llowers and for their delicious perfume. P. rubia is called the Red Jasmine in the West Indies, also Jas- mine Mango and Frangipani. The "North" Gal- lery at Kew contauis two pictures of Plumeria ; one (iS-i) l)eing a representation of P, rubra, and the other (322) of P. aculifolia, like P. rubra, a tree of American origin, commonly planted in Indian gar- dens, and particularly in cemeteries, because it keeps the graves white with its daily fall of fragrant flowers. The branches are very stout, and e.\ude a milky juice when wounded. New PicicLES.— Under the title of houvcllc Conipoiilioii lie Pickles M. Paillieux recently com- municated a paper to the Sociele Nationale d'Accli- matation de France. The paper has been published in the Bulletin of the Society, and from it we cull the following notes :— M. Paillieux gives the first rank as a pickle to his Oignon Catawissa (.\llium fistulo- sum, var.), which he says produces abundance of bulbils, and should be planted in autumn. It is well known that the fruits of Cucumis anguria are used in West Indian pickles, and they are very strongly recommended by the author of the paper in question. This species grows wild in the Antilles, as well as in New Grenada, Brazil, and other parts of South America. It is also cultivated in gardens, the seeds being usually sown in March, and at the expiration of five months the fruits are ready for gathering. They aie produced in very large numbers providing the season is not too wet. It is suggested that the plant might become a remunerative one (or cullivation in the South of France. The young cooked fiuits are tender, and very agreeable in flavour. They may be prepared in various ways, after being cut down the middle and the seeds taken out, when they can be cooked with Tomatos, ham, crabs, or cod. Placed whole in vinegar, with Elder flowers and Capsicums, they form a good pickle. They should be gathered before they are quite ripe. In Japan the roots of the Miogo (Amomum miogo, Thb.) are eaten in salads after being put in boiling water. The plant is not only found in its wild state, but is also cultivated. It is of very rapid growth, and the young shoots are cut in spring, in a similar way to Asparagus. The other plants recommended for pickles are Tropa;olum tuberosum and Stachys Sieboldi. The tubers of the former are prepared in their native country by ex- posing them in canvas sacks until they are half-dried, or by partly freezing them ; they are also eaten after being steeped in treacle ; and steeped in vinegar they are said to form an excellent pickle — better, indeed, than the ordinary Gherkin. All the plants are recom- mended for cultivation in France. Mahogany in Honduras. — A recent report from Honduras says that the cutting and shipping of mahogany is entirely carried on by British capital. Last year a little over 2500 tons were shipped in British and Norwegian vessels, all direct to London. There was an unprecedenttdly long spell of dry weather, which was favourable for the trucking operations of the wood, and it was expected that the exports this year would greatly exceed those of last. Green fruit and Cocoa-nuts suff"ered very much from the dry weatlier. Cocoa-nuts have been in great demand in the New York and Philadelphia markets, and prices ruled higher throughout the year than has ever been known before, 37 dols. per thou- sand being freely given. They were also scarce, caused principally by a grub having attacked the trees, and in many instances causing their death. It is to be regretted that no remedy has as yet been found to eradicate the evil. THEitoi'OGON PALLIDUS, now flowering in one of the cool compartments of the T-^^K^ "' Kew, is a Himalayan plant deserving of general culti- vation for cool greenhouse or conservatory decoration. It has arching grassy foliage, and slightly arching racemes of ;purplish-tinted Lily-of-lhe- Valley-like flowers. It is common from Kumaon, at an altitude of 6000 feet, to Nepal and Sikkim, in which latter country it is found at an elevation of 10,000 feet ; it is found also on the Khasia Hills towards the summit, about 5000—6000 feet above the sea-level. Mossy rocks, bases of old trees, &c., where the roots run rather superficially in the loose soil, are the places it affects in a wild state ; under cultivation it flowers well and grows freely in rather light well drained loam and leaf mould. Pachira MACROCARi'A. — A large specimen of this species has recently flowered in the Palm- house at Kew. The flowers are truly magnificent both in size and colour. They measure a foot or more in diameter ; the strap-shaped petals are white and smooth within, and pale greyish or greenish- brown and slightly velvety on the outside, the upper portion of the very numerous long filaments of the stamens being a rather deep red, and the lower an orange-yellow colour. The leaves are digitate, some- what like those of the Horse Chestnut, but a brighter green and more leathery in texture. Flowers of one species of the genus Pachira, P. marginata, a Bra- zilian forest tree, are represented in the " North " Gallery at Kew, picture No. 102, KCELLIKERIA ARGYROSTIGMA. — This pretty Gesnerad has been stigmatised by some as not worth growing, probably because the flowers are small and want that rich and showy colouring which is rather prevalent throughout the genus Achimenes, in which it was formerly included. It is figured in the Bolaiiical Magazine, t. 4175, and healthy well-grown specimens have been in excellent flowering condition for some considerable time in the stove at Kew. The elliptic, hairy, crenate leaves are beautifully marked with bronzy veins, and dotted all over with white markings, at once suggestive of the specific appella- tion. These amply cover the soil in which the plants are grown, and form an admirable setting for the erect racemes of white and reddish-brown flowers, pencilled internally with red markings. The svhole plant averages or does not much exceed a height of 6 inches, and grown in pots or pans forms a suitable subject for the front staging of a warm house. NoTOBASIS SYRIACA, the Syrian Thistle, is a plant by no means common in cullivation, although distinct and handsome enough to merit a place in any herbaceous collection. It is a striking plant, about 4 feet in height, with spiny white-veined leaves, not unlike those of the common "Milk Thistle," and sessile purple flower-heads, protected by rigid, spiny pointed, pinnalifid purple-veined bracts. At the pre- sent time it is one of the most conspicuous subjects in the herbaceous department at Kew. Growth of the Coric Oak in New Zealand.— In a paper read before the Auckland Institute Mr. Justice GiLLIES gives the following par- 'ticulars :— In the year 1S55 the late Dr. Sinclair planted close to his house, near Symonds Street, a young Cork Oak, received from Kew. It is now about 40 feet in height, 14 feet from the ground to the first branch, with a spread of top of about 40 feet in diameter. The trunk at 3 feet from the ground is 5 feet 9 inches in circumference after stripping. For several years past it has produced acorns, from which the present occupant of the grounds, Mr. John Hay, has raised a number of young Oaks, and dis- tributed them liberally throughout New Zealand. In 1S77 I stripped the tree for the first time, and got a large quantity of virgin cork, which I did not weigh, the first stripping being of little or no commercial value. In February last I again stripped it, and afier drying the bark found the product to be 70 lb. weight of good marketable cork fit for pint corks, as I am informed by Mr. Dutton, the cork-cutter, who was present at the stripping, and states it to be worth at least (5of. per hundredweight. It will thus be seen that the trees must be twenty-live to twenty-seven years old before producing any return, and then every five years may produce 70 lb. to 100 lb. weight of marketal)le cork. The produce improves in quality each stripping. On comparing the New Zealand product with imported bark it is evident that the annual growth of the batU in Auckland is equal to that of the imported. A Cricket Match between the married and single employes of Mrs. Weatiierill, of Finchley, which resulted in the success of the unmarried team, was played in the grounds of J. SiiENTON, Esq., of Finchley, on Saturday last. By the kindness of Mrs. Weather I LI., a good luncheon was provided before play commenced, and a substantial tea followed the event of the day, and it goes without saying that full justice was done to both. The Origin of Amiier.— Some very interest- ing researches have recently been made on the flora of theamber-bearingformalionsof East Prussia by Messrs. Goeppert and Menge. In ancient times there must have been in this part of Europe a group of Conifers comprising specimens from almost all parts of the world. Among the splendid specimens of the Cali- fornian Conifer:e were the Red Wood, the Sugar Pine, and the Douglas Spruce ; and of the examples of the Eastern States were the Bald Cypress, Red Cedar, Thuia, and the Pinus rigida ; from the eastern coasts of Asia were the Chilian Incense Cedar, the Parasol Fir, the Arbor-vitte, the Glyptostrobus, and the Thuiopsis ; the Scotch Fir, the Spruce, and the Cypress of Europe ; and the Callitris of Southern Africa. It appears that the deposits of amber for which the Baltic is noted are the product of genera- tions of these resin-bearing trees. The richest de- posits are situate along a strip of coast between Memel and Dantsic, though the real home of amber has been supposed to lie in the bed of the Baltic between Bornholm and the mainland. It rests upon creta- ceous rocks, and consists chiefly of their debris, form- ing a popular mixture known as blue earth, which appears to exist throughout the province of Sam- land at a depth of 80 to 100 feet, and to contain an almost inexhaustible supply of amber. Immense quantities of amber are washed out to sea from the coast, or brought down by rivulets and cast up again during storms or in certain winds. The actual yield by quarrying is 200,000 lb. to 300,000 lb. a-year, or five times the quantity estimated to be cast up by the waves on the strip of coast above mentioned. Times. The Weather. — General remarks on the temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the week ending July 30, issued by the Meteorological Office, London : — The weather has been cloudy and unsettled generally, with occasional rain and local thunderstorms. The temperature has again been below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 2° in " Scotland, W.," to 5° in " England, E.," the Midland Counties, and " Ireland, N." The highest maxima, which were registered either on the 2Sth or 29th, ranged from 75° in " England, S.," to 66° in "Scotland, E." The lowest readings were recorded on the 29th, and varied between 37° in "Ireland, N.," and 45° in " England, S. and S.W." The rainfall has been less than the mean in all districts excepting "Scotland, E." The driest weather has been experienced in the west of Scotland and north- west of England. Bright sunshine has been rather mote prevalent than it was last week, the percentages of possible duration ranging from 52 in "England, S.W.," to 23 in "Scotland, E." Depressions ob- served : — During the greater part of the week pressure has been highest off our west and south-west coasts, and lowest over Scandinavia or the Baltic, and the prevailing winds have therefore been north- westerly or northerly. On the 29th and 3olh, how- ever, a shallow depression passed slowly across Ireland and England from the northward, the wind during its passage showing a cyclonic circulation. In force the wind has been light or moderate, except on the 27th, when a moderate northerly gale blew on the east coast of England, Gardening Appointments.— Mr. H. Al- derman, late Foreman at the Gardens, Eastwell Park, Ashford, Kent, as Gardener to G. Hatfield, Esq., Morden Hall, i\Iorden, Surrey.— Mr. Geo. Dickson, lately Gardener at Farnborough Park, Hants, as Gardener to HENRY Lamson, Esq.— Mr. G. H. Copp, late Foreman to Mr. Pullman, Framp- ton Court, to the Management of the Gardens and Grounds at Holnest Park, Sherborne, Dorset, the seat of J. S. W. S. Erle Dra.^, Esq. 148 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883, JiojVIE -f ORREgPOjMDEJNCE. The Ornamental Water in St. James' Park. — During a recent stay in London I had frequent oc- casion to cross the ornamental water in St. James' Park, and felt much surprise at the want of taste shown in the arrangement of its banks. These are lined from end to end with large flints placed in lines with great regularity; the effect of course is scarcelybetter than that which would have been produced by rows of bricks. There are many beautiful plants which grow on the margin of water, such as the Osmunda regalis, the yellow Iris, the purple Loosestrife, Bulirushes, Sedges, &c. ; tufts of these separated by masses of rock, might fringe the sides with the most beautiful effect if any taste were employed in the arrangement. The water is so shaped as to appear natural, but what can be less natural than a uniform bank of flint stones? The park professes to be something between a park and a garden, for there are large borders of shrubs and flowers : why then should that part, the margin of the water, which of all others is capable of being made productive of beautiful effects (for all I am sure will agree with me that nothing in Nature is more beautiful than combinations of water and vegetable forms), be treated like the gutter of a street ? Why, again, should there be no water plants in the water ? The fact that the bottom is concreted renders their management a very easy matter, for they can be grown in large pans, and each species kept separate and developed in its greatest beauty. I need not enlarge upon the beauty of these plants ; the white Water Lily is a proverb for beauty, ■and its rosy variety, if possible, more lovely. The magnificent Nelumbia (speciosum and luteum) might probably in hot summers (if we ever again have any) flower in the open air if kept in the winter in warmth. Mr. Robinson states that for several years the latter lived and flowered in the basin of a fountain in Paris in the open air. The flower of this is nearly a foot in diameter. N. The Carnation and Picotee Show. — Permit me to say that the rose flake Carnation, Robin Hood, ascribed to me in your report of the National Carnation and Picotee Show on p. 120, is the produc- tion of my friend, Mr. Richard Gorton, of The Wood- lands, Gildabrook, Eccles, Lancashire, who also is the raiser of Wm. Skirving, C.B., and Tim Bobbin and Rob Roy, rose flakes — flowers, I venture to say, which will make Mr. Gorton's name honourably familiar on the lips of florists for many long years. E. S. Dodwell, Oxford, July 30. Grafted Fir Trees. — How long will nurserymen vex us with grafted Fir trees ? Like Macbeth's witches, they keep the word of promise to our ear, but break it to our hope. Having wasted time and money upon Abies amabilis, A. bracteata, and Larix Kosmpferi, with no better results than stunted bushes, I think that it would be far better to leave them alone until seed can be procured. H. K. Trade Groups at Flower Shows. — The ques- tion asked on p. So as to "what kind of honours" are or should be paid to trade exhibitors opens up a subject that certainly requires ventilating. It is sur- prising that the views of nurserymen upon this subject have apparently not yet been sought for the guidance of show managers. Undoubtedly flower shows depend mainly on the not-for-competition groups of trade growers for their chief attraction, and it is surely pertinent to inquire how the nurseryman is recom- pensed ; not in a monetary way, for no share of the ad- mission-money falls to his lot — in fact, he is generally a subscriber to the society's funds, and sometimes offers special prizes for competition. His only opportunity is to make such a display of his goods as will induce visitors to become ultimately purchasers ; he adopts this mode of obtaining bold advertisement, and has to educate the public taste to a buying point. The expense of conveying and staging a large group of plants is a heavy charge on trade, nor are the in- ducements to exhibit the value of the special prizes that may be awarded to a successful exhibitor. Now, let us inquire as to the honours. What do they consist of? Generally, only a "letter of thanks," ignorantly conveyed from the committee of the society ; sometimes a more or less emblazoned piece of card- board as a " certificate of merit ; " often a " medal," silver, silver-gilt, bronze, or otherwise, is awarded, but how often even by the Royal Societies of London is the award properly carried out? Never promptly, sometimes tardily, and not infrequently the exhi- bitor informs the secretary he would like the equivalent of the medal in cash, for if he has already half-a-dozen, or it may be dozens, of these precious medals of questionable intrinsic value, of what use is another to his numismatic collec- tion ? He cannot exhibit his honours in his office or shop, because they can be so easily stolen ; to adorn his person with them would provoke ridicule; to place them in a drawer or cabinet, and to show them at times to his friends, is the sole purpose to which he can devote them. May I not then venture to say the honour of medals is vainglorious, and the practical utility nil^ as they have become too common by frequent and indiscriminate award ? Prize winners at schools are wisely and encouragingly awarded books likely to be of service to their minds during life ; at our athletic gatherings plated cups suggestive of potations are no longer, as formerly, the sole articles held out for competition: in more enlightened days a variety of articles useful for the household and table are discriminately awarded. Might I suggest, then, that the money equivalent of the prizes could be appropriately awarded in the shape of books relating to the profession, in ornamental or useful articles for the household — a nice epergne for flowers, for in- stance, silver or plated goods, which could have the winner's name and that of the society engraved thereon afterwards; and above all, is it not desirable that the prizes, whatever they may be, should be distributed at the close of the day's show by some person of note, who would thus add a grace and a charm, now so sadly wanting, by bestowing honour to whom honour is due, and when it is due ? Lastly, I would add, that honour to the trade is as yet only accorded by the public praise, which finds a voice generously and ably in the columns of the gardening press : and this is our only consolation. Spero^ Travelling Impostors.— Allow me to warn your readers against a set of men who travel the country, calling upon gardeners and stablemen, to whom they tell a pitiful story of their misfortunes, which in the end of course means that they want money. There is one in particular who has a ** stable cut " about him who I feel sure systematically carries on this system of swindling. He called here a few days since, and I recognised him as the same who called at an estab- lishment where I lived about three years ago, and his tale has varied but little since that time. G. Knight, The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— As the time has arrived when our gardens are again in their most attractive condition I venture to express a hope that gardeners in charge will not for- get their poorer brethren. Some of your readers may remember that I asked my employer last year for a half day, when ^40 was realised for the above Institu- tion. I feel quite sure that if gardeners would only ask their employers, very few, if any, would refuse. The matter rests for the most part with gardeners themselves, and I do hope they will do their very best to make this year's collection a success. John Perkins^ Thornham Hall^ Suffolk, Thrum-eyed Primroses. — It needs considerable courage to question the dictum of an editor, and yet I venture to cast considerable doubt upon the dictum laid down at p. S6, that thrum-eyed Primroses do not on the average produce so many, or such good seed- lings, in the long run, as pin-eyed flowers do. I have grown both coloured Primroses and fancy Poly- anthuses for years, and am vain enough to think that I have one of the finest strains, and most varied in colours, of both these spring flowers, to be found in the kingdom or elsewhere. How were these strains obtained ? Solely by selecting for seed only the finest thrum-eyed flowers. I once saved seed from the large pin-eyed kind, improperly called Primula altaica, but the flowers had been fertilised with pollen from thrum-eyed flowers. That was about twelve years since, but from that time I have depended solely upon selection from the best for the improvement of our strains, and never save from pin-eyed flowers. I have now, of Primrose seed so saved, a large quantity just germinating, and may truly say that it is coming up as thick as hail. Seed saved from any flowers could not possibly give better results, as far as germinating quality is concerned. As to productiveness of seed, that I have found to be in no respect governed by pins and thrums. From specially marked plants with- thrum-eyed flowers I have taken a lot of seed-pods ; from others of similar character very few. The same features have been found in pin-eyed flowered plants. There was no rule found in the results on which to base any theory or fact tending to show that pin-eyed flowers were more prolific m the production of seed than thrum-eyed ones. Now, what has been the result in the reproduction of thrum-eyes ? That is a fair question to ask, but one difficult to answer, in so far that I have had no means of testing such result as against the produce of pin-eyed seed. Relatively I should say that the product is of thrums and pins about in equal proportion, so that it is certain the saving of seed from thrum flowers only will never lead to the extermination of the pins, much less of the Primrose family. Exactly the same results came from Polyanthus seed ; indeed, beyond the not very distinctive line which separates the garden Polyanthus from the Primrose there is no discernible difference between the two sections. I should very much like to see tested the product of two Polyanthus and Primrose plants, the one pin-eyed and the other thrum-eyed, an equal quantity of seed being saved from each, and to note how far the seed of one plant germinated better than that of the other, and what difference — if any — there might be in the habit of the plants; and finally, which produced the larger portion of thrum-eyed flowers, and of the best quality. Such a test, if carefully applied, would soon set at rest all theoretical speculation, and convert only assumed facts into absolute certainties. Those who were at one of the South Kensington shows held in the con- servatory early in May will remember the exceeding beauty of that grand lot of seedling alpine Auriculas, staged by Mr. Turner. They were, without excep- tion, the finest lot of seedlings ever raised from any one batch. Mr. John Ball, who is Mr. Turner's talented grower of these plants, told me that this batch, with many others, the proportion of thrum-eyed ones being unusually large, were all the product of thrum flowers crossed with pollen from thrum flowers, the anthers in the seed-bearing flowers being first carefully removed. Mr. Ball is an experienced raiser, and is but a dubious theorist. He will have nought of pin-eyed flowers, however ; for all such are florists* abominations. That they serve a purpose in the economy of Nature which thrum flowers cannot dis- charge, is a fondly received theory that practice shows not to be true. If every pin-eyed flower were to die to-morrow we should be in no lack of a great future for Polyanthuses and Primroses. A. D, Seed of Papaver umbrosum. — Having had many applications last winter from gardening corre- spondents for seedlings of Papaver umbrosum because all their seed had failed, I may state that the Poppies especially in wet seasons produce seed very capriciously. On going round I find that many plants of P. umbro- sum, though covered with healthy looking pods, are producing no good seed ; all are filled with seed, but on examination it is shrivelled and barren. Good seed may be distinguished by its larger size and its plump look, but especially by its purple colour. The best way of raising seedlings of this plant, is to allow the plants to remain where they grow, and if any good seed ripens it will come up in September When large enough the seedlings may be transplanted to their flowering places, where no winter cold will in- jure them. C. Wolley-Dod, Edge Hall, July 2S. James Veitch Strawberry. — I can fully endorse all Mr. Murphy says in favour of this variety. I con- sider it the Strawberry of the day. When in War- wickshire we had 2 acres of Strawberries grown for sale, and amongst all the varieties none was so early and large as this. I have seen five fruits that would turn the scale at I lb. — not odd fruits, but as a rule. It also carries well, all the fruit I sent away having to travel long distances to most of the large refreshment departments on the London and North- Western Rail- way. As a market Strawberry there is nothing that comes near it. Joseph Murdoch^ The Gardens, Beaure* paire Park^ Basingstoke. Cedars in Scotland. — You had lately some re- ference in your columns to exceptionally well grown Cedars in England. I have just lighted upon a memorandum prepared for me in 1S7S of a splen- did grove of Cedars that exists at Redick, a small estate in the district of the Aird, in the imme- diate neighbourhood of Inverness. There are thirty- three Cedar trees in the garden, and though it is not definitely known when they were planted, there is little doubt that they were brought from Persia and planted by the late J. B. Eraser, of Redick, author of the ICuzzilbash, the Persian Adventurer, and many other works, an accomplished Persian scholar and long resident in Central Asia (1S20-30). Five years ago several of these Cedars were 6a feet in height. The largest girthed within a foot of the ground 13 feet 6 inches ; the next largest, 12 feet 9 inches. The girth of the largest branch was 6 feet I inch. The extent of ground covered by the largest of these Cedars was 87 feet 10 inches. Cones are produced in abundance, large and well developed in appearance, but they refuse to fructify. In the same garden is a Deodar which in 1S7S was about 36 feet in height and girthed 7 feet 3 inches, and which is supposed to have been planted about 1S40. Inverness, July 30. Mulleins. — Verbascum Chaixii, a very fine peren- nial Mullein, is now in full flower here, growing 7 feet high, the upper 4 feet being all flower. It is of very branching habit, corolla clear yellow, filaments thickly covered with bright purple wool, anthers orange. This combination of colours makes the flowers very effective ; and it is one of my handsomest July plants, the flowering season being long. The description of the flower, as far as colour goes, suits the native V. nigrum also ; but the flowers of V. nigrum are much smaller, the spikes less branched, and the plants about half the height. The two plants are entirely distinct, though V. nigrum is often sold for V. Chaixii. There is no such a plant as V. Chaixii album, or if there is I am ready to give a sovereign for a plant, but I must first see the flowers to make sure that it is true. V, August 4, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 149 nigrum album is a most beautiful plant, the white of the flowers being very pure and well set oft' by the purple and orange above described. If not often divided and transplanted V. nigrum becomes coarse and leafy. V. phlomoides is a once flowering kind, growing S feet high, with very large pale yellow flowers, and a good branching habit ; but V, olympicum is much better, being as tall and still more free in flowering. I raised a stock of them from Mr. W. Thompson's seed in spring, iSSi. None flowered in 18S2, but many rotted off. One has flowered this year in a warm and very well-drained border, making lateral spikes from top to bottom, and coming into flower all at once. Two other plants are still alive, and may flower next year. I have manyother Mulleins, but these are the best. .Self-sown hybrids come freely, but are seldom as good as their parents. Those between V. phlomoides and V. nigrum might be mistaken by gardeners unused to them for V. Chai.xii, but the purple wool of the filaments is wanting, and the flowers are far inferior. V. phccniceum is a good spring plant for a sunless climate like this, having flowers of all colours between dark purple and pure white. It flowers more or less all the summer, and is a true perennial ; but the flowers are withered at once by Sim. None of the Mulleins stand sun well, but they get little enough of it in Cheshire. I have just measured the average size of the flowers and find them to be— V. phlomoides, 2 inches across ; V. olympicum, and V. Chaixii, \li inch; V. nigrum, I inch. V. Blattaria, both white and yellow, is a pretty biennial for a dry shrubbery, but in this damp soil it grows too tall for its strength. C. Wolky Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, July 30. Chrysanthemum segetum. — Although some persons are growing this in gardens it is almost as common in fields in this neighbourhood as Poppies, and on one farm belonging to this estate it is so abundant that the farmer could supply a load o( blooms every week if he could only find a market that would pay him for the picking and sending, as the plants are overtopping his Barley and other crops, and making a broad expanse of yellow with the bright colour of their numerous flowers. That these and those of other wild plants may be made to dress well in vases when associated with light feathery grasses and put up by persons possessing taste for the work there can be no question, and I have seen them at Woodbridge Show quite vie with the exotics, which proves what may be done with them if only the right things are selected. If Chrysanthemum segetum can be made to ornament our borders there is no reason why it should not find a place there as well as Tagetes pumila. and though it may be considered rubbish by some it matters not if the rubbish is put in the right place, and no doubt this Chrysanthemum, weed though it be, may be made to produce some charming effects by using it with dark-leaved plants, like the Ricinus Gibsoni, or associated with blue or purple, like Verbena venosa. J. S. Wild Flowers at Horticultural Exhibitions. — I have read your observations on exhibitions of wild flowers at horticultural shows with very much interest, the more so as I did not agree with all you said. It may be, however, that after all there may be no difference of opinion between us on further ex- planation, and knowing your impartiality, I have no hesitation in placing, with your permission, my humble opinion, and the grounds for it, before your readers, albeit that my opinion may be at variance with your own. I am a member of a not insignificant pro- vincial horticultural society which ofters ^400 in prizes, as your advertising columns will show, and in co-operation with a few other lovers of wild flowers I have succeeded in inducing the committee to give a few small prizes for competition for collections of wild flowers, from which fact you will see the position in which I stand, being to a certain extent committed to the practice you condemn. It has been with great difficulty the judges could be induced in former shows to give an opinion as to the relative merits of the collections sent in for competition, chiefly, I verily believe, because they knew nothing about wild flowers, or because they thought them be- neath their notice. This year I proposed three botanists as judges who also possess a keen perception of artistic skill in arrangement of form and colour, and I feel sure a better result will follow. (I hope my gardening friends will pardon me.) Now, Sir, you ask in one of your recent articles, after stating your objections, " This being the case, what possible good can be ex- pected to accrue from such exhibitions ? " I will en- deavour to answer this very legitimate inquiry. First I must give the rule in our schedule, because nearly all depends on this ; — "Groups of wild flowers, grasses, and Ferns, arranged in basket or box, not exceeding 18 inches square," and a "Group of wild flowers, grasses, Ferns, and wild fruit combined, arranged in basket or box, not exceeding 18 inches square. Any cultivated specimen introduced will disqualify. Skill of arrangement to be considered the test of merit." At our last year's show the table on which the col- lections were displayed was one of the most crowded points of interest, and the effect of many of the col- lections was charming, both as to colour and form. Some were sent in by the wives and daughters of working men, and evinced a refinement of taste truly astonishing. The soft blending of colour produced by Lychnis, wild Rose, Water Lily, Myosotis ; the exquisite freedom of form obtained by the trail- ing Bryony, Convolvulus, and Moneywort ; and the superb tracery of Fern and grass left nothing to be desired by the most captious critic, unless unduly biassed by gardeners' proclivities. Now, Sir, for the good I expect to accrue from such exhibitions : — 1st. The cultivation of a taste for floral decoration by those who possess no other greenhouse than Nature affords. 2d. The habit of observation of natural pro- ductions, which Sir John Lubbock so eloquently urged in the House of Commons last week as a necessary part of elementary education. 3d. The inevitable re- finement which necessarily follows a love of flowers whether produced by costly culture or the free gift of Nature's hand in the fields and hedges of country districts. These appear to me not unimportant ad- vantages gained by exhibitions of this kind, and are not, I contend, beneath the notice of the most advanced horticulturist. Regard for your space alone prevents me enlarging on this theme, but I hope enough has been said to show there are two sides to this question. W. P. [We shall return to this subject. Ed.] The Reliance Rotary Valve. — At the great sum- mer show at South Kensington, the Thames Bank Iron Company, Upper Ground Street, S.E., received a Special Certificate of Merit for their Patent Reliance Fig. 25. — RELIANCS ROTARY VALVE. A, ^-way T-valve : b, 3-way H-valve ; c, Section of H-valve. Rotary Valve, of which we give illustrations fig. 25), showing its application to H and T pipes. Its great merit consists in its being so constructed " that one will answer the same purpose as is now obtained by three separate valves, the one handle having control over the three waterways. The patentees claim that it " is exceedingly simple in construction, and very carefully fitted. All the moving parts are of the best gun-metal, and will not set fast or get out of order. The handle being the indicator, one half-turn either way opens or closes the valve, and it cannot be strained or injured by overturning." Grammanthes gentianoides. — I recommend this neat little annual, now flowering from Mr. Thompson's seed, to those who do not already know it. It should be sown early under glass, and be pricked off when large enough, each being allowed a diameter of at least 3 inches. It grows about 2 inches high, making a dense little bush 4 inches or more across, crowded with orange-red flowers, the size and shape of those of Chlora perfoliata. For vacant warm spots on the rockery, where one plants Leptosiphon hybridus, lonopsidium acaule, and such-like dwarfs, it is a valuable addition. C. JVoltey Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, July 27. The Protection of Bush Fruit.— Every one who has a garden likes to preserve Gooseberries and Currants to as late a period as possible, and various are the methods resorted to for keeping birds off, some using mats, with which they envelope their bushes, and others nets, but both are objectionable, as the mats shut out the sun and air ; and nets, when brought in contact with Gooseberry bushes, cannot fail to get torn. The best thing I have ever found for the pro- tection of these hardy fruits is rabbit-wire, which should be from 3 feet to 4 feet high and about I J inch mesh, which will keep out any birds, and, with care in handling and storing away, will last a lifetime ; and, therefore, although it may appear dear at first is very cheap in the end. For single trees it is necessary to have the wire cut in lengths of 9 or 12 feet, accord- ing to their size, and all that is wanted for its support is a stout stake, to which the two ends should be brought .and there tied. Although it is as well to throw an old piece of net over the opening at the top, it is not often the birds attempt an entry there, but run round and round the bottom, peering in till they make quite a path. The way we manage now is to have most of our late sorts of Gooseberries together in a separate plantation from the others, so that we can run a piece of rabbit wire right round, and strain a fishing net over the top on poles, or string resting on stakes, by doing which much less wire is needed, and a man can go under easily and gather the fruit. Where it is desired to have Currants late it is a good plan to grow them on low walls or fences, where they can have a coping board above them to keep them dry, as when rain gets at them they quickly rot in the autumn. The only Gooseberry I find to hang long is the old Red Warrington, a large rough red sort, which is not only an excellent cropper, but is also of superior flavour. For low bushes that have their branches near the ground it is advisable to mulch under them with a little short straw or litter, to keep the fruit from being splashed by the heavy rainfalls in the autumn, as otherwise the Gooseberries often get covered with dirt and grit, and rendered unfit for dessert. J. S. A General Index to Curtis' " Botanical Magazine." — Will you kindly allow me, who am not a botanist, but only a lover of plants, to give some explanations in reference to the remarks of " II." on the above publication in your last issue ? The work does not profess to be more than an index, and indexes generally are limited to the contents of the books to which they refer. It would have been more than an index, and more valuable, if it had contained synonyms other than those in the text ; as I was aware of this, application for assistance was made to the botanists who were supposed to be specially interested in Curtis' Magazine, but it was refused. It may be that one or two indexes of sub- divisions of the work have been published as supple- ments besides those enumerated in the preface, but they are not contained in my copy, which is appa- rently complete, and the fact does not affect the ques- tion of the want of a single general index to the entire work. Pritzel's Iconum Botanicarum Index, of which I have the original edition of 1855, and the supplement of 1 866 — a most valuable book — does not give the synonyms, nor supply the want above referred to, nor is it " based upon the limitations of the genera of plants in the most recent standard works," but gives the names as they are in the books quoted. The reference was to the third edition of Sowerby's Botany, and when it had been advertised as complete in its present form for ten years it was not incor- rect to refer to it as a book without an index. It is difficult to understand what "H." means when he states I have singularly over-rated the importance of my index. A plain statement of its contents and of its deficiencies is given in the preface. " H." could not have been more pleased than I should have been if a competent botanist had published a complete index, and saved me the trouble and expense of pre- paring mine ; but as such index was not forthcoming, and in the mean time my copy of Curtis was practi- cally useless, I resolved to do the best my limited leisure permitted for the useof myself and such others as cared to avail themseves of roy work. As to the sur- prising error alleged to have been committed by me in mistaking arctolidis, which may be a genitive form, for a derivative, as to its termination, of ei^Tjs, if refer- ence be made to plate 4035, Dryandra arctotidis, it will be found the translation of the latter word in the description is Arctotis-like, from which it would appear that the Editor of that date assumed it to be a derivative of e'lS^s ; if it be a genitive it is singular, for to the best of my recollection no other example of a specific name constructed out of the genitive of a generic name occurs in the 107 volumes of the Maga- zine, Edmund Tanks, Fachuood, KiKnale, The Potato Crop. — Two years since, discoursing in these pages on Potatos, I wrote : — " We are now at August I and not a fungus spot has been seen ; a stem has gone off here and there, and some rust has been seen on the leaves, but of the genuine disease nothing has been heard, and there is a luxuriant healthiness about the leaves and plants that is for the time of the year as remarkable as it is unwonted." Just as his- tory repeats itself, so may what was then written be repeated now with absolute truth ; the only difference in the general aspect of the Potato now as compared with the growth in l88l is that it is a little later, but, on the whole, during the past month the tubers have made great progress, and August finds the root crop but very little later than it has been in average years, ISO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883. Already are enrly kinds dying off a heallhy and natural death ; the golden tints seen on the decaying leafage are as pleasing as they are unusual, indicating that the tubers, whether large or small, are at least sound and free from disease. With all the later sorts there is to be found a vigour and promise that indi- cates a marvellous crop, and it will not be a matter for surprise if the great crop of 1S81 is repeated, but in an even more abundant degree. It was in that year that the Champions and the Magnums first began to tell upon the Potato markets, and as the breadth planted with these and similar heavy crop- ping kinds is this year probably much greater than two years since, there is every reason to anticipate what, after all, is hardly a blessing— such a glut of tubers as shall bring little profit to the growers, even though the consuming public may have ample reason to rejoice. Partly owing to the heavy crop of 18S1, and the consequent low returns, so that a less breadth of ground was last year planted with Potatos, and partly owing to the early loss of leafage on all kinds through the premature action of the Peronospora, the glut of the preceding year was changed into a sparse crop, although as it proved in the end a fairly healthy one. Thus the comparative scarcity of one year reacts to evoke abundance in the next, and as we anticipate with so much good reason a big crop this year, it will not be surprising if some large growers should be shy of planting largely next spring. Whilst in iSSi we had so little to complain of generally as far as the disease was concerned, its action last year on the foliage was exceedingly prema- ture, and, indeed, as early as the end of June we had to report its appearance largely on early kinds. Still the disease did not appear in the tubers in a virulent aspect, indeed many kinds that usually when disease is rife are fearfully affected were sound beyond our highest hopes. Coupling these results of the pre- ceding two years with what is the state of things at present— a state that for health and promise has hardly been exceeded for the past forty years, we may be excused for imagining that possibly the back of the disease has been broken, and that it is less potent for evil than it was some years since. If that be too optimist a view to be taken of the state of things, at least we may congratulate ourselves that the seasons are now more favourable to the Potato than they were but recently. Mr. Plowright, in beginning his admir- able paper at p. 103 on Mr. Jensen and the Potato disease, makes the remarkable and positive statement that "all appearances point to a severe visitation of the Potato disease." Comparing that assertion with the reports as to the present state of the Potato crop furnished by intelligent correspondents in all parts of the kingdom, I find it very difficult indeed to reconcile such prognostication with these reports, and the abundant evidence of my own senses ; in fact, whilst last year as far as tried Mr. Jensen's pro- tective earthing gave no results simply because the disease was so light in its attack, so this year does it seem as if we should pull through a splendid crop in our old-fashioned way. I would not for one moment seek to depreciate the value of Mr. Jensen's system. No doubt whatever it is absolutely correct in theory and in fact, but if the seasons decline to promote the operation of the Peronospora of course protective earthing will render us no useful service. We should like to learn first what the spores which are in damp seasons so active amongst the Potato plants are doing now. Are they sailing in the air robbed by its dryness of all power to strike and wound, or are they lying dormant in the soil, or somewhere, incapable of expan- sion and activity ? There has been no lack of rain in most parts of the country, and specially have there been numerous electrical storms — phenomena once thought to be peculiarly favourable to the disease even if not its creative power. Still no particular harm has resulted, and to have got through July with- out finding any special quantity of disease spots is, with the exception of a similar state of things in 1S81, a fact upon which we may well offer and accept con- gratulation. Very noticeable, however, this summer so far, has been the absence of those moist, muggy, misty nights that are more than any other natural phenomena to be dreaded. These promote the rapid operation of the floating spores in the leafage and stems far more than rains do. Whilst, however, there is so far such general immunity from disease even on the foliage I trust readers will take to heart Mr. Jensen's advice as to lifting, and not be in too much hurry to rush up their crops. In small gardens there is hardly any alternative, but as a rule the plan seldom turns out to have been a wise one. A. D. ■ ■ The Potato crop so far is promising. Up to this date we have seen nothing of the taint or leaf spot which is the forerunner of disease in the Potato itself. We must not, however, feel too safe ; there is yet plenty of time for the disease to appear and work much mischief. This sultry, thundery, rainy weather is exactly of the kind which in former years preceded, fostered, and engendered it. Such experience has reluctantly taught us to expect and anticipate a visitation of Peronospora whenever the elements appear favourable to its development, and to prepare us to combat with it as best we know how. But in this, so far as our humble efforts have yet led us, they have ended in nothing much beyond that position which enabled the poet to so aptly and forcibly express for us for this and all other similar failures, viz. — " In proving foresight may be vain ; The best laid schemes o' mice an' men Gang aft agley, An' lea'e us nought but grief and pain For promis'd joy." Last year we grew a good many of the newer and more highly recommended varieties, which ended more or less in considerable disappoint- ment. This year we have reduced our varieties, growing only for our early crops such sorts as Myatt's and Rivers' Royal Ashleaf ; for general crops Magnum Bonum, International, Beauty of Hebron, Schoolmaster, and Rector of Woodstock. In the allotment gardens in this neighbourhood Magnum Bonum is the favourite, but in these and in the village gardens all the newer varieties as they are introduced are tried, and judgment on their merits or demerits most unerringly pronounced upon them by a syndicate of the whole of the villagers from time to time assembled. Farmers in this district are not Potato growers. This is rather surprising, because to a cer- tain extent there is a Potato trade going on between Coventry and Lincolnshire and other distant Potato growing districts. But after all, the demand for either Potatos or milk in Coventry or in other Warwickshire towns is small when compared to Scotch towns of equal size. Take Glasgow, Liverpool, or Manchesler, where the people know how to appreciate and enjoy a Potato and herring dinner, and also a porridge and milk breakfast. The people of Coventry care for none of these things, consequently they are as a rule small in bone and thin in muscle. Any one may witness the multitude of milk carts that are during early morn- ing driven into Scotch towns by every available approach, and also of the enormous quantities of Potatos making their way towards those great northern industrial centres by river, road, and rail. Contrast this state of things, if you like, by a visit at early dawn to theapproaches of our Midland towns — there is nosuch traffic ; all is still and melancholy almost as death itself. If our medical staff were to show a little more pluck in backing up what we already know to be their opinion, i.e., in prescribing a more liberal diet of milk, vegetables, and fish, we would not only be gainers by having a race of men of improved physique, but our farmers, by a greater demand for milk and potatos, would have created for them an almost new industry, and 50 revive or resuscitate to a very con- siderable extent their present most depressed and languishing condition ; and were our good Queen kind enough to take a lead in this, by ordering on to Her Majesty's royal table, dishes of Potato and herring, and porridge and milk, and the royal lead carried on in a spirited manner downwards through every grade and rank of the aristocracy — no one stands more in need of a pleasant turn in the agri- cultural lane than they themselves do— a pattern of this kind well carried out and well sustained would do more to improve the present depressed agri- cultural position than anything the House of Commons can do by laboriously legislating through an entire session over an Agricultural Holdings Act. Only give to agriculture encouragement for increased supply of the above production. This, followed by more congenial seasons than we have been having lately, rents will then be readily and fully paid up, and all noisy clamouring for agricultural legislation will vanish like the distant rumbling of a receding thunderstorm, lym. Llilla; Comhe Ahhcy. Ketton Hall, the seat of J. T. Hcpwood, Esq., near Stamford, is well worth a visit now from any one interested in fruit culture, as upards of forty varie- ties of Peaches and Nectarines are to be seen there in various stages of development, but most of them ripening fast ; and the fruit on some of the trees may be counted by hundreds — one tree in particular on the day of my visit (July 16) had about 300 fruit on then, and I was told no had been gathered that morning, and a similar quantity a few days previously, giving a total of over 500. This tree would measure from the points of the young wood about 24 feet by 16 feet. The varieties most esteemed are— Peaches : Royal George, Bellegarde, Grosse Mignonne, Princess of Wales, Alexander, Exquisite, Sea Eagle, Stirling Castle, Prince of Wales, First Lord, Merlin, &o. Nectarines : EIruge, Lord Napier, Victoria, Stan- wick Elruge, Pine-apple, Violette Hative, &c. These are all located in splendid modern built houses, glazed on Rendle's system, thus giving the trees abundance of light, the effect of which is seen in the splendid colour of the fruit. The last addition to the glassstructures — a fine curvilinear span-roof by Rendle, 150 feet long by 28 feet wide — is a picture in itself, and, taking all things into consideration, is probably the finest fruit-house in the kingdom. It was only completed last October, but was immediately planted with large trees removed from the other houses, and now the trellis is nearly covered with fine trees bear- ing enormous crops, not thinned out to the regulation distance but growing in clusters, and attaining a good size as well. The trellis as usual runs near to the sides of the house, and the centre part is filled up with Figs in pots, and Peaches, Nectarines, &c., in pots for preliminary trials ; thus, what wae only a grass field about ten months since is now a grand house full of delicious fruit, and this is a triumph in fruit cultivation of which Mr. Plopwood and his gar- dener, Mr. W. Woodfield, may well be proud. But although Peaches and Nectarines are the principal things grown here, other things are by no means neglected. In addition to the usual occupants of a good garden I noticed some Pear trees in pots which had some very fine fruit on, principally Doyenne du Cornice, Souvenir du Congres, Brockworth Park, Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Clapp's Favourite, &c., the last-named being ripe, and appearing to be a first-class early Pear. The others will be very fine when they attain their full size. Ketton is about 4 miles from Stamford, but trains by the London and North-Western and Midland Railways call frequently at Ketton Station, W. H. Divers, Burghky. The Hybrid Raspberry. — The plant figured in the Gardeners'' Chronicle, xx., p. 13, as a "hybrid Raspberry " is 3. forma incrmis of the Rubus Idaeus var. obtusifolius (Willd. spec.) = var. anomalus Arrh. — var. Leesii, Babgt. This variety of the common Raspberry is a very curious thing, which very seldom bears fruit, because the carpels generally are not closed, and the young seeds cannot withstand the dryness of the open air. From the very rare fruits, however, the variety comes true. A forma inermis of the plant was hitherto unknown to me. Dr. W. O, Poche, Bremen, July 24. THE SUNNINGDALE NURSERY. Rhododendrons, it is needless to say, are one of the features of this nursery, thriving in the natural soil in a way that it is not possible to exceed. They com- prise all the best kinds, new and old, which combine handsome flowers with the right parentage to give a hardy constitution, such as will enable them to pass unscathed through the exceptionally severe winters that from time to time visit us. This last is an im- portant consideration, which should never be lost sight of in selecting varieties to plant, for however hand- some the Rowers may be, if the leaves are not able to withstand the hardest frosts which the country is ever subject to, they are useless, from the unsightly appear- ance the plants have when so injured. Mr. Noble rejects all that are the least susceptible to injury in this way, confining the kinds he cultivates almost wholly to such as have been raised from the North American species catawbiense, the progeny of which, like the parent, will bear a much lower temperature than ever visits these islands, without the leaves being affected in the least. The stock consists of thousands of all sizes, from the usual trade examples up to large bushes ; the standards run from 2 to 8 or 10 feet in diameter ; there is an unusually large stock of these effective plants, in the best possible con- dition. Amongst the new kinds is Charles Noble, a free-growing and profuse flowering variety, with brilliant red flowers and a prominent yellow eye ; it is a late bloomer, coming in when many sorts are over. Lady Strangford is another grand variety, ground colour peach, with deep claret centre, distinct and beautiful. Lord Wolseley, brilliant orange- scarlet in colour, with large commanding foliage ; a fine distinct kind. Prometheus : the colour of this is intense scarlet-crimson, a very free bloomer, and fine habit. Rhododendron californicum, a compara- tively little known kind, is here grown in immense quantities for covert planting ; it is a free grower, with very large, handsome foliage, and a profuse bloomer ; in colour the flowers vary through the different shades of pink. For covert planting or mass- ing in woods it is much superior in every way to R. ponticum, and much hardier than that variety. Spir.^a talmata. — This nursery may be said to be the home of this fine herbaceous plant, which stands unequalled for its gorgeous crimson-red flowers ; the effect it gives when, as here, in large plants, backed with the green foliage of Rhododendrons and other shrubs massed near it, is fine in the extreme. In one place it is planted amongst standard Rhododen- drons thinly distributed, the Spirasas put in close enough to densely cover the ground, its feathery sprays of bloom literally touching each other, so as to form a sheet of the richest colour. It stands unrivalled August 4, 18S3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 151 for massing in front of shrubs. An acre of the plant is grown ; it reaches when in bloom from 4 to 4i feet in height. Roses. — Mr. Noble's Rose, Queen of the Bedders, grown in quantity together, flowers so profusely as to give a sheet of colour little less dense than that of the Spirxa, .ind so persistent is it that the bloom is con- tinuous through the season after once it begins. It is a rich deep crimson, and stands unequalled for massing. Roses do well here ; a seleclion of the best kinds are grown in quantity. They are on the Manetli and seedling Brier stocks, budded quite low, so that they shortly are virtually on their own roots. Few standards arc grown. Even the old blush China, so effective for shrubbery planting, is thus budded on the Manelti ; so managed the plants are as large at the end of the Hrst season's growth as they would be in three if raised from cuttings. Duchess of Con- naught, also raised by Mr. Noble, is another fine bcdibng variety; like Queen of the Bedders, dwarfish, and a profuse flowerer. It is also a fine exhibition Rose, especially for late in the season, for which purpose it was certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society, in addition to the similar award made to it as a bedding sort. It is a full globular shaped flower, bright crimson, with a dark velvety-purple shade, and very sweet scented. It was a seedling from Maurice Bernardin. Lilies are an especial feature of this nursery. The most popular kinds are grown in the open ground in immense numbers, the mixed peaty soil on a bed of gravel suiting them admirably L. auralum in its several distinct forms, L. californicum, L. pardalinum, L. Leopoldi splendens, the finest of the tigrinum section, reaching a height of 6 or 7 feet; L. Fortunei, L. speciosum in its different varieties, L. Krameri, and the majestic L. giganteum, in thousands of young plants of various sizes coming on in addition to some that were in bloom. It has been grown here up to a height of II leet and a half, bearing a proportionate number of its great trumpet-shaped flowers. It seems to bloom the best amongst Rhododendrons, which give it some shelter from the cutting winds and frost that affect its young leaves for a short time alter it begins to push up in spring. Andromeda floribunda. — Amongst the large and well managed stock of deciduous and evergreen flowering shrubs may be mentioned Andromeda flori- bunda, which is herein such quantities and condition as seldom seen ; in a small as well as a large state it is literally covered with flower-spikes. The largest examples are 10 feet through by 5i feet high, they were raised from seed some twenty-seven years ago ; it is sometimes said that this shrub will not increase freely from seed, but here is proof to the contrary. Clematis have received special attention with Mr. Noble, a number of the finest kinds existent having been raised by him, as those who have seen his seed- lings exhibited at South Kensington and elsewhere know. Amongst recently raised varieities may be named Aurora, The President, Xerxes, Proteus, Mar- garet Dunbar, Mademoiselle Torriani, Undine, and Elaine, all of which are free growers that produce freely their immense flowers, ranging in colour from pinkish-mauve, bright rose, to deep puce suffused with deeper shades in a way that indescribably inten- sifies the beauty of their large, in many cases double or semi- double flowers. There is probably no hardy flowering climbing plant so deservedly popular as C. Jackmanni, thriving as it does freely on any aspect, and producing for many weeks a dense sheet of its deep purple flowers. The want has been long felt of a suflicienlly distinct coloured sort of the same type as a companion to contrast in colour with this grand old favourite. Mr. Noble has been successful in raising a variety in every way calculated to meet the want. I do not know what name the new soit may receive, but white Jackmanni, more than any other, will convey a correct idea of what it is. The leaves and gener.1l habit of the plant are identical with the old variety, growing as well and flowering as freely and at the same season, with the simple difference that the flowers are white, a little larger, and often come with a petal or two more than the old sort. If asked to name a new hardy plant destined to become a general favourite, and find its way into every garden where flowering climbers are held in estimation, I should say this Clematis. Since I saw the plant, Mr. Noble has exhibited it before the Floral Committee under the name of C. Jack- manni alba, receiving, as it richly deserved, a First- class Certificate. Trees and Shrubs. — In the best kinds of deciduous and evergreen trees the Conifers are deserving of especial mention ; in addition to the ordinary sizes for planting there are quantities of large specimens of the Piceas and other well-proved sorts that are kept constantly prepared by cutting back the roots, so as to enable their being moved with safety ; in this way, where immediate effect is wanted, time may be saved. Amongst a select lot of the different kinds of fruit trees standard Apples receive especial attention : (or the kinds that are at all difficult to get U|) with straight stems the strong, erect growing Apple, Annie I'^iizaltcth, is used as a etock, working the sort required on the top. T. B. KSCIISCHOLTZIA ROSE CARD I N AL. Apropos of this beautiful new addition to a group of mo3t showy hardy annuals, it may be remarked that it is derived from the rich deep orange and golden Man- darin. That such a pleasing hue of rose could have originated from the golden form is a matter for sur- prise, but it is so ; and it is not the less remarkable that, instead of the striking and showy Mandarin having been selected from crocea or its variety aurantiaca, it actually came from the old pale- coloured rosea. What tricks flowers seem to play upon us sometimes. Eschscholtzia Mandarin is a glorious subject : a very large patch of it, as one sees in the famous seed grounds of Messrs. Carter & Co. at St. Osyth, is a sight as unusual as it is striking, but it will be observed there is a tendency — not very marked it is true— to go back to a pale yellow form, and also to rosea. It is an annual that requires rigid selection ; its sportive character must be regarded and circumscribed in so far as human agency can compass this. Rose Cardinal also will hark back to Mandarin, but, as far as we could judge of the seed beds at St. Osyth, only to a slight extent. Both are *'rogued '* with an unsparing hand, but it requires years to fix in something like definite form sports in annuals, and a large number of the new annuals are what we term^rightly or wrongly — sports. This is perhaps an appropriate term, because they are so apt to revert to the normal type. Mr. Robert Gardener, the foreman at Messrs. Carter & Co.'s seed grounds at St. Oiyth, who has spent not a few years ot an active life among these annuals, states that he has selected a sport, kept it true for five or six years, then it has gone back to the normal type, then reappeared, and finally becomes extinct. Better fortune has happened in other cases. A marvellous fund of patience is required in this work, and hope that will not be resigned ; and this patience is some- times rewarded by the shining forth in the floral con- stellation of some star of the first magnitude, like the Eschscholtzias above named, Clarkia pulchella inte- gripetala, the new blue variety of Nemophila atoma- ria, and others. "Wait and hope" is an appro- priate motto for the florist, whether he raises Auri- culas, Roses, or Tulips, or seeks to improve common flowers by carefully selecting uncommon variations in type. A NATURAL FERNERY. New Zealand is proverbially rich in Ferns, not alone in mere number of species, but also as an element of the vegetation and a feature in its phy- siognomy. From 120 to 130 species are known to inhabit the islands, as against forty-eight in the British Islands ; and a considerable proportion of them are peculiar to the islands, including the singular and beautiful Trichomanes reniforme. Mr. W. Colenso gives us some idea of the richness of the Fern element in some districts in an entertaining article in the Transactions of the Mciv Zealand Institute on the number of species of Ferns noticed in a small area in the New Zealand forests, in the Seventy Mile Bush between Norsewood and Danneverke, in the pro- vincial district of Hawke's Bay, Mr. Colenso has visited the woods and forests of the district in ques- tion several times a year during the last few years, and on each fresh occasion he has been more im- pressed with the luxuriance and variety of the Ferns. He says, " In one spot in particular, deeply secluded in the quiet recesses of the grand old forest (a spot very dear to me — one which I have almost invariably visited several times, and each time with increasing delight, on each of my journeys inland), I have repeatedly noticed and pleasingly contemplated a large number of species of Ferns ; more than I have ever seen growing together in all my wanderings in New Zealand ; and all, too, flourishing luxuriantly. Within this circumscribed area of, say, one-eighth of a mile each way, or even less, I have found fifty-three species belonging to fifteen genera." We can only give one short extract from the description of this natural fernery. "First, then, I should tell you there is a large open spcicc in the forest, of an oblong or an irregular oval shape, shel- tered from all high winds. The centre of this oval is pretty clear of trees, save two or three large and ancient Conifers, whose huge and irregularly but- tressed trunks, and high, ridgy, uneven, and grotesque roots, all thickly dressed in climbing feathery Ferns and other plants, add to the picturcque beauty of the scene. Here and there also in the centre and in the foreground, scattered in clumps and standing singly, are several handsome Tree Ferns, while the larger herbaceous Ferns prominently show themselves in big tufts and masses, with the smaller ones growing among them, and, as it were, under their sheltering wings. This is a very brief outline of the centre of that pleasing natural garden. It is not often that such a large and clear open space Is to be met with in the midst of a thick forest ; I daresay in that small piece of ground there are more than 100 Tree Ferns of nearly all sizes ; some, as I said before, in the midst, and some intermixed among the trees and shrubs around it." We will complete the picture as well as we can by giving a list of the Ferns found : — Cyathea dealbata, C. medullaris, C. Smithii, and*C. polyneuron ; Dick- sonia squarrosa, D. fibrosa (antarctica, H.B.K. ?), D. lanata, and *D. Sparmanniana ; Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, H. bivalve, H. multifidum, H. javani- cum, H. rarum, H. dilatatum, H. polyanthos, 3 sanguinolentum, II. demissum, H. scabrum, *H. pusillum, H. flabellatum, and *H. erecto-alatum ; Trichomanes reniforme, T. venosum, and *T. venus- tulum ; Davallia nov^e-zealandias ; Adiantum Cunning- hami ; Hypolepis tenuifolia and H. distans ; Pteris esculenta, P. tremula, P. scaberula, and P. incisa ; Pell^ea rotundifolia ; Lomaria procera, L. fluviatilis, L. lanceolata, and L. discolor ; Asplenium lucidum, A. falcatum, A. bulbiferum, A. flaccidum ; Aspidium vestitum, A. Richardi, and A. coriaceum ; Nephro- dium decompositum, and N. hispidum ; Polypodium grammitis, P. rugulosum, P. pannigerum, P. rupestre, P. tenellum, P. pustulatum, and P. Billardieri ; and Todea hymenophylloides. P'ive of the foregoing are new species, and hitherto only found in this locality ; they are prefixed by an asterisk. Mr. Colenso also describes the following new Ferns from other ports of New Zealand : — Cyathea tricolor, Dicksonia gracilis, Hymenophyllum megalocarpum, and Asplenium anomodum, CANADIAN NOTES. We had an unusually severe and protracted winter, with a great depth of snow, proving very dis- astrous to the winter Wheat, which according to the most experienced observers was about half killed out in this province. The spring has been a very wet and cold one, and considerable damage has been done to the crops on the low lands. Haying commenced on Monday, and those who took up wh^.t they then cut on the Wednesday and Thursday morning were fortunate, as there was a heavy rain in the afternoon, which put a stop to the proceedings for some days, as well as inflicting a serious loss in spoiling the crop. The cutting is, of course, performed by machinery, but haymaking machines are not in vogue here. The excess of water alluded to above has rotted the Potatos, and replanting has been necessary. The Early Rose variety is the general favourite, and there are very few better descriptions. Some are trying the Beauty of Hebron and the Mammoth Pearl, both of which, I believe, are good, but my favourite is the White Elephant for quality, size, and productiveness. On the high land the Potatos, and all other crops, are looking well. The Grape Vines are showing nicely for fruit, as also the Apples and Plums, as the lateness of the sea- son prevented any injury from frost. There has been an abundance of Strawberries, both cultivated and wild, and the prices have been from 8 cents to 10 cents (halfpence) a quart. We expect also a large production of Gooseberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, and Thimbleberries (Rubus occiden- talis). As the Italian Mulberry will not stand our winters we have been deprived of this delicious fruit, but there seems now a prospect of our wants being sup- plied, as we are getting the Russian Mulberry viA the Great North-West, where it was taken by the Men- nonites, and as it flourishes in its native home at 50" below zero, we have no fear of its suitability to our less rigorous climate. E, M,^ Rlinnesing^ Ontario* 152 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1S83. LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS. {Continued /ram p. 42.) 26. E^IDENDRUM (Epicladium) Boothianum, Lindl, Bot. Reg, 1838, Misc.. p. 5 ; Fol. Orch., n. 3 ; Walp.Ann.,\\., p. 311.— Cuba. Introduced by Captain Sutton and cultivated by Sir Charles Lemon. A curious species, near E. variegatum. E. BRACHIATUM =: glaucum. 27. E. BRACHIATUM, A. Rich. andGal.,^«ff. Sc. Nat., serie 3, iii., p. 20 ; Rchb. i., Gard. Chroii.., n.s., xiii., p. 648. — Mexico. Cultivated by Messrs. Veitch in 1880. Flowers small, pale yellow spotted with cinnamon. 28. E. (Aulizeum) brachychilum, Lindl., Orch. Lifidcn, p. 9; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 109; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 353 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. Linden in 1854. Flowers very fragrant ; petals yellow, spotted with brown ; hp bright yellow. E. BRACTEOLATUM = radiatum. E. ERACTESCENS z= aciculare. 29. E. (Encycltum) BRASAVOL.E, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 729; Beitr. Orch, Centr. Am., p. 86 ; Walp. Ann., vi.. p. 321 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5664 ; Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 682, and p. 1239. — Guate- mala. Discovered and introduced by Mr. Skinner, and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. A pretty species allied to E. prismatocarpura. Flowers 4 inches across ; sepals and petals narrow, rich yellowish- brown ; labellum purple, white, and green. Hort. Kew. 30. E. (Aulizeum — Holochila) calamarium, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 88 ; Fol. Orch., n. 125 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 358. — Brazil. Imported and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges, Flowers pale yellowish-green, with five small violet spots on the lip, scentless. 31. E. caligarium, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1869, p. mo. — Central America. Cultivated by Mr. Wentworth Buller. Very near E. myrianthum, differing in the pitted ovary, and in the callosity, much like a boot, at the base of the lip. 32. E. CALLIFERUm, Lemaire, Jard. Fleur., iv., t. 414. — Greenish-yellow, with red markings, is doubt- fully referred to E. fuscatum by Reichenbach in Walp. Ann., vi., p. 386. 33. E. (Epicladium) campylostalix, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 730; Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 320; Lindl., Fol. Orch.,Ti. 2; Rchb. f., Bcitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 32 and p. 80 ; Refii^. Bot,, t. 86. — Guatemala to Panama. Costa Rica. Intro- duced by Mr. J. Linden ; whole plant very glaucous in hue ; flowers striped yellowish-green and brown. This is the E. leucatum, Klotzsch, in German gardens ; and, according to Dr. Reichenbach, it is most persistently called E. glaucum. Skinner, in English gardens. 34. E. {Encyclium — Hymenochila) CANnOLLEI, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc., p. 55 ; Fol. Orch., n. 28; DC, PI, Rar. Hort. Genev., p. 8, not p. 15, t. 3 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 327. E. cepiforme. Hook., Bot. Mag,, t. 3765.— Mexico. Dr. Lindley first received this through M. De CandoUe from the Geneva Botanic Garden, and Mr. J. Parkinson must have sent it to the Duke of Bedford about the same time. It is a remarkable species, having large, globose, shining pseudo- bulbs, and branching panicles, 3 or 4 feet high, of tawny orange and yellow flowers. 35. E. CARACASANUM, Regel, Ind. Sent. Hort. Petrop. i860, p. 32 ; Urban, Addit. Ind. Sem. Hort. Bcrol. 1880, p. 49. — Venezuela. E. Jlavo-virens, Regel, Ind, Sem. Hort. Petrop, 1855, p. 19 ; Urban, Addit. hid. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1880, p. 49. No further information is given. 36. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — SpATHACEA) CARNEUM, Lindl., Orch. Linden., p. 8 ; Fol. Orch., n. 147 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 364; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. g6. — Venezuela, at 500 feet. Introduced by Linden in 1843. Flowers yellow, with a flesh- coloured hp, arranged in a nodding raceme from 3 to 4 inches long. 37. E. Catillus, Rchb. f., andWarscew., Bonplaridia, 1854, p. 112 ; Walp. An?!., vi., p. 393 ; Gard. Chron. 1873. p. 1398, and n.s., ii., p. 419 ; ///. Hort., n.s,, t. 162. E. imperator, Hort. — New Grenada. Discovered by Warscewicz, and im- ported by Linden, whilst Mr. Day, of Tottenham, appears to have been the first to flower it. Allied to E. cochlidium and E. elongatum. Flowers cinnabar-red. E. cEPiFORME=:Candollei. 38. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) ceratistes, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., p. 91 ; Fol. Orch., n. 31 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 329. — Venezuela and New Grenada. Imported and cultivated by Mr. Barker. Panicle 3 feet long ; flowers very fra- grant, clear green or dull yellow, with a whitish lip streaked with red. 39. E. (Euepidendrum) chioneum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc., p. 73; Fol. Orch., n. 273; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 409 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96.— New Grenada, at 12,000 feet. Introduced by Linden. Flowers pure white, in small close heads an inch or more long. 40. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) chiriquense, Rchb. f.. Bet. Zeit. 1852, p. 730; Walp. Ann., vi.. p. 342 ; Xenia Orch., i., p. 164, t. 57, fig. 2. — Veraguas. Cultivated in German gardens. E. CHLORANTHUMrrchloroleucum. 41. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) chloroleucum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3557 ; Lindl., /^?al Horticultural Society. Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woolwork: Covered. Plans and Estimates free of charge from T. W. HELLIWELL, Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; acd 8, Victoria Chambers. Westminster, S.W. No. 75. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES. CASH PRICES—Carriage Paid. No. X .. .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .• £3 7 6 No. 2 .. .. 12ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 4 17 6 No. 3 .. .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 676 These Frames are 13 mches deep in front, and 34 inches deep at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best 21-oz. English glass. B O I L E B S, For heating all kinds o( Horticultural Buildings. NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. THE CENTRAL IRONWORKS COM- PANY, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, ENGI- NEERS, and IRON MERCHANTS, =5', Waterloo Rosd, London, S.E. Manufacturers' Prices with Catalogues on appli- cation, for Hot-water Pipes and Connection, all sizes : also Boilers and Fittirgs, all Sizes — Wrought and Cast-iron. All other Desciiptions of Goods for Horticultural Requirements in Stock. BAYLISSiJ JONES ,^ • Catalogues • : .free/; : Manufactory; Vict6naWork'S;Wbiver]iai^^^ i-ON D ON, OF F I C E ,3, C Rob K E 6 =1 A N E , K I NG WIL L I A M S j, Couservafcorlea and Greenliouses, &o. H FREEMAN and SONS, Horticul- • TL'RAL EuiLDEKsand HoT-v/ATEK ENGINEERS, Cam- bridge Heath Bridge, Hackney, E. — Good substantially made GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fi.xin;;, 2i feet by 13 leet, £25 ; 12)^ feet by 10 feet. ^15 ; 10 feet by 5 feet. £8. SPAN- ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by 17 feet. £60; zi feet by 13 leet, £31 JOS ; 13 feet by 8 feet, .iiS. LIGHTS, Sic, in Stock. L^SSHOUSES&»EATi-NG: xHrCHCATE i^OAD .LONDON. .N.W^.J TENANT'S FIXTDRE GREENHOUSES, made in lights and easily erected, lower part framed and panelled ; painted two colours. I mproved Ventilating Geaiing for houses over 12 feet long. Glazed with 21-oz, Glass, and Painted 3 coats of good oil colour. , .- j t' 1. • ? 1 /■ Specimen size, iz feet by 8 Teet, ^.5 3*- ^ '• For brickwork, ;£20. LEAN-TO HOUSES for building against existing walls, similar to above, 15ft. by 10 feet, £2^, or for brick- work, i^iQ. Portable Cu- _^ ^_^ cumber Frames, painted 3 i^wJ^'^^r' T^fnf coats, glazed 21-oz. glass, 2-light Frame. 6 feet by 3 feet, £3 4J. 6d. Cases 4s., allowed when returned. All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. Illustrated Catalogue free on applicaiton. C. FRAZER, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwlcll. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E,C. W H LASCELLES AND CO will give Estunates for every description of HORIICULTURAL WORK, free ot charge and send competent ass^islants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. _ T. v-n Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Eunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G. Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, s?nt post-free on application. __^ DAVID LO^/V E & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATEE ENGIHEEES, GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH ; and CORNBROOK, CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER. Plans and Estimates on application for every description of Horticulttiral Buildings in Wood or Iron. Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock, ^^ 21 02. Foreign, of the following *J^J* ^ Blzes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, ' Sda and 4tlis qualities always kept In stock ;— 2oX:8 22X18 24X18 Stock Lists and Prices on application. All destviptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained from GEORGE FARMILOE & EONS, GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS, %i, St. Jolm'B Street, West SmltUleld, London, Ea >^^ I4X 12 20X 12 20X14 20X16 16X12 16X14 20X15 22X16 18X12 18X14 1SXI6 24X16 BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by lain , zoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by i3 in , in i6-oz. and 2r-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases. TEN SILVER AWARDED MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston si;i'ER-MARE, Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green- ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS, RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post- free. Sheet of Designs, dd. Boolt of Designs, \s, Bosber'B Garden Edging Tiles. IHE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, ^,, once put down, incur no —^ further labour or expense, as do " grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c., from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining WaUs of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton orTruckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves, A liberal Discount to the Trade. TONE EDGING for KITCHEN GARDENS or Walks under Trees, &c., lo to iz inches deep, 3 to 4 feet long, made from the best Yorkshire Flagstone ; indestructible. Price, ready for laying, ij. per lineal yard. Also Flags and Steps for Conservatories, Terraces, &c. — Address, THE GREAi: SLEAD QUARRY. Brighouse, Yorkshire. REGISTERED ^TUBULAR FLOWER STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS, 6 feet by 4 feet, 21. M. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet long, 6a!,; TRELLISING, fromz^i. square foot. HURDLES, from IS. ARCHES, from 101. POT STANDS, from 61. HANGING BASKETS from 6d. GATES, FENCING^ NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application. BROOEXS & CO., 4. Caleaton Street, Manchester.— Estab. 1769. BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The largest importer in England. P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street, Liverpool. ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, RafFia, Mats, Bamboo Caiies, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.C. Under the Patronage of the Queen. S M ITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Mttal, with raishd BLACK-FACED LETTEKS. The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."* Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS, for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c. This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of It by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere. Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR ALARUMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c. Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps. FRANCIS AND CO , Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton Garden, E C. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES. and general horticultural purposes. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds. Yorkshire. August 4, iSSj.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ^bl Ko. 18.-Gold Medal Boiler. No. 43.- Dome-Top BoUer. STEVEN BROS. & CO., IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS, 35 and 36, UPPER THAMES ST., LONDON, E.G. No. 28. -Terminal End Boiler. iinm. missiii j. j. ^_ VENTILATING CREEN HOUSE CEAniNO N'l Illustrated Pi-ifc Lnt on application. Special Prices quoted ^or ijuantitics. Oard?n Rollers. TIic Largest and Best Slock of Hol-waley Boilers, Pipes, Connections, Coil Boxes, Coil Cases, Furnace Fillings, O^c, in London. Single and Doiildc Cylinder dirden Rollers with wooden handles. Pi ices on application. GOVERNMENT CONTRACTOES BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT. S. OWENS & CO., HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS, JVHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G. THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM. This useful Self-acting Appar.itus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to ;x^ any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is '- ■"~" suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Ruildings, Railway Stations, &c. No. 37. DEEP WELE PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or Steam Power. [Gardens, &c No. 46,1. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use. No. 50 and 54,7. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs. No. i\b. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the Right Hon. the Earl of Essex. No. 4(. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes. No. 4. CIST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS. No. 39i5. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for Garden use. S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS. B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORK.S, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS, HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c,, &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. The Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. Gold and Silver Medals, also Special Certificate, Awarded May 22, 1883. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes, Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^tk edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Patent Reliance Eotary Valves. Fourth Edition. Price is. ON GROWING ROSES OUTOF-DOORS. By rev. o. fisher. Jjondon : BRADBtJIlY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. 158 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883. THE GARDENERS;^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Line c^tar^ed as tiao. 4 Lines , . . . ;£o 3 o 15 Lines . . . . ;£o 8 6 6 „ .. .. o 3 6 16 „ .. ..090 6 , o 4 o 17 „ .. ..096 7 „ .. .. o 4 6 18 „ .. .. o 10 o 8 , o 5 o 19 , o 10 6 9 „ .. ,. o 5 6 20 „ .. ■- o II o 10 , 060 21 „ .. .. o II 6 11 „ .. .. o 6 6 22 „ .. .. o iz o 12 , 070 23 „ .. -. o 12 6 13 , 076 24 „ .. .. o 13 o 14 ,, .. .. o a o 25 ,. .. -• o 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOE EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page ^900 Half Page 5 o o Colunm 350 GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words i^. 6<^., and (id. for every additional line [about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID, IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned against havtjig Letters addressed to Initials at Post-opices, as all Letters so addressed are opened hy the autJwrities and retuT^ted to the settder. Births, Deaths and Marriages, s^- each insertion. Advertisements for the current xvcck must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions payable in advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 31, \od. ; 6 Months, \\s. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s. Foreign (excepting; India and China) ; including Postagej £1 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, jCi 8j. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C. to W. Richards, Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. NETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds, Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for protecting the above from Frost, BliEht, Birds, &c., 2 yards wide, izd. per yard, or 100 yards, 16s. ; 4 yards wide, 43. per yard, or 50 yards, i6s. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards wide, 6d. per yard ; 4 yards wide, is. per yard ; |^-inch mesh, 4 yards wide, is. 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 5J. and 6s. per piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked Lane, London Bridge, E.C. ICK CLOTHS. GARDEN NETTING, &c.— RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS. SACKS, and every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post- fiee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING. 2 yards wide, i%fi. ; and 4 yards wide, 2^. per yard. SCRIM CANVAS, I yard wide. 30?. ; 1% yard, 4^^. ; and 2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces of 20 yards each, at 3s, 6d. per piece. RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS. Before purchasing, send for Samples and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, who can supply a splendid article at a low price. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E. HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU- FACTURERS. Plans and Estimates free. TH08. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. 4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, pfeet long, 4^. -^d. each. 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, ^^s. 6d. each. Price List an applicatiott, UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE DAY, SON & HEWITT, Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the "ORIGINAL" STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS, For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle, Calves, Sheep and Lambs, And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines ever known as " Day's." Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery," ;^2 i6j. 6(/. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain. CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and sea that the name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, Is on aU Bottles and Packets. DAY, SON & HEWITT, 22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON, AND WANTAGE, BERKS. Oil Paint No Longer Necessary. HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Registered Trade Mark.) This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and its Kenuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hnndreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. " Pierce/leld Park, June 21, 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black vamish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Vamish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully. Wm. Cox." CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Vamish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, siamp it as a truly genuine article. Every caik is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Feticing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates, &c. , sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan Street, Glasgow. Accidents !-64, CornMll. No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their Cost I Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company, The oldest and largest Company, insuring against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£ 1,000,000. Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840.000 has been paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Comhill, London. WILLIAM j. VIAN, Secretary. Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits, FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for CATALOGUES. MR. G. SEVEREYNS, LITHOGRAPHER to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels. Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be reproduced of any size that maybe required, and Estimates will be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London Agent, Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 149, Kingsland Road, London. E. MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK. 16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London. Capital, ,jC2oo,ooo. — Reserve Fund, ;£7S,ooo. ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ^ro to ;C50oo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture, stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts, barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal Also upon life policies and deeds from £$ per cent, from one month to 15 years. No sureties required. Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid. All communications strictly private. State amount required. CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager. Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to. Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused. Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the /epayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's circumstances. The advances exceed ;C25o,ooo per annum. Prospectus post-free. (Established 1867.) THE FLORIST and POMOLOGIST, and SUBURBAN GARDENER for AUGUST, contains Coloured Plates of CAMELLIA EUGISnE MASSIN.A, and the AMERICAN MOTHER APPLE ; and Notices of the Pelargorium and National Rose Society's Shows. The JULY or TULIP NUM BER contains a full record of tbe Royal National Tulip Show, with a Portrait of S. Barlow, Esq. The JUNE or AURICULA NUMBER gives an equally full record of the National Auricula Society, South and North Sections, with a Portrait of the Rev. F. D. Horner. The Coloured Plates for July are BEGONIA THOMAS MOORE and the HUMBOLDT NECTARINE. Those for June are RHODODENDRON BALSAMIN.,^- FLORUM, and the WASHINGTON APPLE. Issued Monthly, with a variety of useful information, and a Register of Novelties. Price is. London ; KENT and CO., 23, Paternoster Row, E.C. HORTICULTURAL or DAIRY FARM. —A Gentleman wishes to obtain a PARTNERSHIP in either of the above employments. The strictest investiga- tions will be made. Advi^niser would be willing to Break Fresh Ground provided he could meet with a sound practical man.— H. S.. Mr. Geo. Phillips, 8, Regent Street, S.W. Principals or Solicitors only. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER, where one ether is kept. Must well understand Stove, Greenhouse Plants, and Vegetables, and have a good character as a willing, obliging, hard-working man. One who understands Cows preferred. Must find his own cottage. — Apply by letter with all particulars, age, wages, qualifications, character, &c., to F. HAIGH, Esq., Wood- lands, Bickley, Kent. "DEQUIRED, for September I, a HIGH- Xl) CLASS GARDENER, who will also undertake Super- vision of Stock. Sixty acres of Grass.— Col. LOCKWOOD, Bishop's Hall, Chigwell Row, Essex. ANTED, a GARDENER, who thoroughly understands Grape Growing, Plants, Vegetables, and Fruit, and is willing to make himself generally useful in house work. Wages 215. per week, with lodging. Must be single. Age preferred, from 25 to 30. — Apply by letter, to H. C, 37, Bamsbury Street, Upper Street, Islington, N. ANTED, a GARDENER, and his Wife as COOK, without a family. — They must understand their work and have good characters. To live in a smill family within 10 miles of the south of London. — Apply, by letter, L. S., Messrs. Dawson & Sons, 121, Cannon Street, E.C. ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER (good), without children, for a single-handed place. — Boots and Knives to clean. Wages 20J,, cottage and vegetables. State age, experience, and full particulars. — Address, by letter, GARDEN, May, 159, Piccadilly, W. ANTED, a FOREMAN, in Large Private Gardens ; married, and without family. Well experienced in Fruit and Flower Culture under Glas*;. Would have men under charge, but be subservient to Head Gardener. First-class character requisite. Wages 20J. and cottage. — Apply through JOHN LAING and CO., Nurseries. Forest HUl.S.E. WANTED, for 20 miles from London, a MAN and WIFE— man as Gardener, with care of Pig and 2 Cows (no glass}, wife as thorough Laundress. Lodge to live in. No encumbrance. — Apply by letter to G. D, DIETZ, The Warren, Fairmill, Cobham, Surrey. CANADA. — A Nurseryman in Ontario REQUIRES the Services of a competent and trust- worthy MAN, who, besides being able to Raise Bedding Plants, can Grow Orchids, Mushrooms and Cucumbers, and can make up Bouquets and Wreaths. A married man without family preferred.— Apply, in first instance, to W., Gardeners' Chronicle Qidc^, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, AT ONCE, in the Rose Depart- ment, a young MAN, under the Foreman, quick at Budding, with a knowledge of House-work, Wages. iZs. per week.— Particulars to EDWIN HILLIER, Winchester. ANTED, a young MAN, used to Bud- ding. Grafting, and usual Nursery Work. Eighteen shillings per week, and a permanency. — Send references to H. MARSHALL, Nursery, Bamham, Bognor. WANTED, a young MAN, about 20, to grow Plants and Flowers for Market,— Age, wages, and references to J. GRIFFIN, Florist, Birkdale, Southport. WANTED, TWO young~MEN, in a Market Nursery.— HOWARD'S Nursery, Southgate, N. Lawn Foremaji. WANTED, a married MAN, about 30 or upwards, with small family. Must be a good Mower, and understand Roses, Bedding-out, &c. — W. OWEN, The Gardens, Harrow Weald Park, Stanmore. WANTED, an energetic MAN, used to Outdoor Nursery work. Must be able to Bud Roses. —State references, wages expected, &c., to J. BRYSON, Parkend Nursery, Helensburgh. N.B, ANTED AT ONCE, for the Counting- House of a leading establishment, an efficient BOOK- KEEPER, to take the principal charge. To a persevering, sober, and industrious man, this would be found a permanent, progressive, and comfortable appointment. None need apply whose character will not bear the strictest investigation. — Apply, stating age, reference, and silary expected, to COKK, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. A Nurseryman in the Environs of London Is in WANT of a thoroughly competent and energetic MAN to take charge of his Counting House, with a view to ultimate Partnership. — Address, with full par- ticulars, X. Y. Z., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, an experienced COUNTER- MAN, who has been accustomed to, and responsible for the correct execution of orders. Wages 30J. per week to commence with. — Address, with full particulars, as to age and experience, B. & S., r2, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, about Christmas, a competent person, to live on premises and MANAGE a Retail Corn and Seed Business; a permanency; married, without family preferred.— Apply, stating age, previous experience, with references, and salary required, to E. J. J ARM AN, Merchant, Chard, Somerset. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced HEAD SHOPMAN or MANAGER for a rapidly increasing Seed Business in a large provincinl town. If able to invest .£400 or ;C503 would be given a share of the business. — C. S. S., Hurst & Son. i^a. Honndsditch, E.C. ANTED, a WAREHOUSE PORTER. Must be well used to Stacking and able to Pack Orders. — HY. CLARKE and SONS, Seed Merchants. 37, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, a HANDY MAN.— A situa- tion is open for a first-class Handy Man, accustomed to Horses and Garden Work. Must be willing to work, and have a first-rate character. Wages 255-. a week, with ihree- roomed cottage. Not over 35 years of age, nor have more than two children.— HOUSEKEEPER, 64, Mark Lane, E.C. WANTED, for a first-class Florist's Business, a young Lady as IMPROVER. — Apply, by letter only, stating age, experience, and salary required, to W. BALCHIN, SilLvood Conservatory, 87, Western Road, Brighton. August 4, 18S3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 159 WANT PLACES. NOTICE to SUBSCRUJERSand OTHERS. Post-ofUce Orders and Postal Orders shoiM now be made payable at DRURY LANE^ B. LAIRD AND SONS (late DOWNIE & • Laird) can at present rcconmietid with every confi- dence several first-rate SCOTCH GARDENERS, whose character and abilities may be thoroughly depended upon, either for Large Establishments or Sint;le-handed Siluatinns ; also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and FARM Bailiffs. — 17, Frederick Street, Ldinbiirgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. — Enquiries should be made to 237 and 218. High Holborn, W.C. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly ti ceiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that ihey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with I^Tticutars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. T7I G. HENDERSON and SON J-J • have always in their employ a number of selected men of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS, FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications, to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par- ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman rcquirmg such. — Pine- apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W, HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY" (John Cowan), Limited, are in a position to recommend a thoroughly competent man as GARDENER, or as GARDENER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. — Age 27, married ; excellent testimonials from present and previous situations. — J. E., Scampston Gardens, Rillingtcn, York. GARDENER (Head), where two are kept. — Age 28, single : thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. Good references. Piease state wages. — J. RGFE, Market Place, Cranbrook. Kent. ARDENER (Head). — Married ; twenty years' experience. Eight years' good character from present employer. — T, WARD, The Gardens, Alwarke Hall, Rotherham, Yorkshire, ARDENER (Head).— Age 31 ; under- Stands the profession in all its branches. First-class references and character. — W. MARTIN, Trusham, Bovey Tracey, Devon. GARDE NER (Head).— Age 40, married, no family ; well experienced in all branches. Fifteen years' personal character. —A. BURT, Pebble Coonibe, Headley, £psom. AR.de NER (He.^d).— Middle-aged, married, no family ; thorough practical knowledge of the profession. Would take charge of the mansion during the family's absence. Good characters. — F. C , New Road, Har- lio^ton, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head) ; age 29, single at present.— J. Smith. Gardener to the Right Hon, Lady Ashbuiton, Addiscombe Farm, Croydon, is open to engage as above to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man. — Address as above. ARDENER ^HE.iD)?— Age 40, married, one son (age 13). Has had twenty-five years' experience in several first-class gardens. Is competent to undertake the Management of a good place. Good references.— S. W., 81, Lot's Road, King's Road. Chelsea, S.W. ARDENER (Head).— H. W. Ward, Gardener to the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle, Salis- bury, can, with every confidence, recommend his Foreman, H. Maikham, who has been with him two and a half years, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a first-rate Gardener. First-class reference as to character and ability. ARDENER (Head).— Age 42 ; has been with the Marquis of Donegall twelve years, who has given up the tenancy of the Hamsiead estate through ill health. Testimonials of the highest character as a professional Gardener and practical manager. Thirty years' experience. — J. M., The Gardens, Hamstead Park, Newbury, Berks. GARDENER (Head); age 2,3, married, one boy (eight years).— T. Usman, for the last six years Head Gardener and Orchid Grower to the late R. B. Dodgson, Esq , will be pleased to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requning the services of a thoroughly practical Gardener. He is well known to be a highly successful Grower and Exhibitor of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. ; is well versed in the Culture of High-class Fruits and the General Manage- ment of a large Establishment : in proof of which the highest te.nimomals will be produced.— T. OSMAN, Wroxall Abbey Gardens, Hatton. near Warwick. r:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, ^^ married : thoroughly practical and competent in all branches, Indoor and Out. Twelve and three years' excellent rererences.-T. ROBERTS, Glebelands Road, Ashton-on- Mersey, Manchester. /TJ. ARDENER (Working), with Assistance. ^-^ _ —Married, no family ; thorough practical man of twenty years experience. Good Plant and Fruit Grower. First-class reference from present employer of over three years.— GAR- DENER, Bournbrook Hall, Birmingham. (^ARDENER (Head Working) j age^y', p^ single.— J. Stevenson, Gardener to the Rt. Hon U U Bentinck. M.P., Brownsea, Poole, Dorset, will be glad to recommend his Foreman as above, who has been wuh him several years. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 38, married ; thoroughly practical. 'I'wenty years' ex- perience. Good character, — A. B., 86, Mallesson Road, Wandsworth Common, Surrty, S.W, ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, married, no family ; twenty-five years' practical experience in all branches. Six years' good character. Abstainer — J. W. , 6, P Street, Queen's Park Estate, Hariow Road, N. C:j.ARDENER (HEAD Working), where two ^ or more are kepi.— Age 41 ; understands the Manage- ment of Vines. Two years' good character ; seventeen years in previous place. Left through death — G. B., Post Office, Wye, Kent. ARDENER (Head Working), where not less than two under men are kept, — Age 35, married, no family; twenty years' practical experience in all branches of the profession. Good character. — GARDENER, Smiths BookM:i!l, Eastbourne. C:j.ARDENER (Head Working), or GAR- ■* DENER and BAILIFF, where more are kept — Middle- aged, married, no family ; thoroughly respectable, trustworthy, and energetic Thoroughly experienced m all branches of the profession. First-class character. Leaving through the estate being given up. — A. B., Glencar, Shooter's Hill, Kent. GARDENER (Head), or FORESTEr!^ The Advertiser is open for an engagement with any Lady or Gentleman, in the above capacity of Head Gardener or Forester combined. Has had large experience in both depart- ments, and is now leaving present situation, after twenty-two years' service, owing to the death of his late employer, and con- sequently a great reduction in estate expenses. Can produce the most satisfactory references for character and abilities. — Mr. ROBERT CRAIG, The Gardens. Levens Hall, Miln- thorpe ; or Messrs. DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, Seed Merchants, Manchester, where full information can be had. GARDENER. — Age 40, married, no family; Wife small Laundry. Good character from last place. — A. B,, 9. Victoria Terrace, St. Alban's, Herts. GARDENER, where two or more are kept. — Age 33, married: understands the Cultivation of Vines, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Five and a haU years,' good character from present place.— F. ROLFE, Fulbroks. Worcester Park, Surrey. C:j.ARDENER.— Mr. Smith, Culford Gardens, VJ Bury St. Edmonds, will be glad to recommend his Fore- man, Charles Baker, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough good practical Gardener, of very steady persevering habits. Has been with him three years, and can be well recommended. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second). — Age 28. married : understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Six years' cha- racter.—F., 443, Edgware Road, W. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). Age 22 ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c. — Eight years' experience. Good character. Total abstainer. — W. G. M., Soulhdean Manse, Hawick, N.B. r:i ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's VJ place.— Age 21 ; nearly two years' good character from astplace.— J, W,, Mrs. Etiis, Hayes, Beckenham. Kent. ARDENER (Under). — Age i6 ; highly recommended.— W. S., i, Sussex Square, Hyde Park, London, W. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's establishment.— Age 20 ; can be highly recommended.— D. W., Laundrus, Queen Street, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. ARDENER (Under), Indoors and Out.— Age 18 ; respectable ; five years' experience. Good refer- ence^—E. J. F.. High Street, Reigate. GARDENER (Under), in a good establish- ment.— The Gardener, Burley Lodge, Newbury. Berks, can with confidence recommend a young man as above. Strictly steady and an excellent workman. GARDENER (Under), where two or three are kept.— Age 19; under:^tands Kitchen and Flower Garden, and has had a fair experience of Indoor Work. Hothy preferred —Address, stating wages and particulars, to HEAD GARDENER, Ball's Park. Hertford. ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEY- MAN, in a good establishment.— Age 21.- J. W., Heathfield, near Berkeley, Gloucestershire. FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.— Bothy preferred. Three years' good character. — T MOSS, Titley. Herefordshire. FOREMAN.—Age 25 ; thoiough knowledge of Vines, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. First-class references. — F. BIBLE, VVoodfield. Stevenaee Herts. Tj^OREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age -A. 28. single ; twelve years' experience in all branches. Can be well recommended.- A. B. C, 14, Faulkner Street, Bishop's Fields. Chester. "C^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 25 ; -t- two years' good character, eleven years' experience, — W.HERBERT, Leyswood Gardens, Groombridge,Tunbiidge Wells, Sussex. FOREMANjin the Houses.— Aged 26, single ; understands Forcing, Propagating. Fruit, and Plant Growing in all branches. Can be highly recommended from previous situations. State wages, &c.— C. DUMPER, Church Road, Highfield, Southampton. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— W. Stephens, for nearly three years Foreman at Basing Park Gardens, seeks re-engagement as above ; ten years' practical experience in all departments. First-class references.— Ham Manor Gar- dens, near Worthing, .Susse.x. "C^OREMAN, or SECOND in a good establish- -i- ment. — Age 22 ; five years' experience. Good references. —A. KNIGHT, The Gardens, Conyngham Hall, Knares- borough, Vorkihire. To Nuraerymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, or GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants.-Middle- aged ; thoroughly acquainted with Market Work in general, and a buccesbful Grower of Mignonette. Total abstainer. — W. T., 4, Edith Villas, Raynham Road, Edmonton. X^'OREMAN PROPAGATOR aTd -L grower of Plants and Choice Cut Flowers lo supply a first-class trade ; Grape.-;, Cucumbers, &c. Also a knowledgo of Shrubs, Roses, &c.— H. G., Giirdtnera' ChronicU Office, 4r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GENERAL FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 34 : well up in all branches Inside acd Out, Wreaths, Bouquets, Seeds, Decorating, &c. Good reference.— F., Mid- Surrey Nurseries, Benhill Street, Sutton, Surrey. ROPAGATOR, in a Nursery. — Single ; good experience. Can be well recommended. Perma- nency required.- C. S., Langton House, East Molesey, Surrey. "PROPAGATOR, under Foreman, Hard or -i- Soft-wooded.-- Age 21 ; seven years' experience.— W. C, 15, Delaford Street, Crown Road, Fulhum, W. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses,— t/ Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Two years' good character from present situation.— CHAS. SURMAN, High Street, Witney. Oxon. JOURNEYMAN, where three or four are kept.— Age 21 ; good character. — W. ROBERTSON, Croydon Road, Reigate. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 '; eight years' experience. Nearly two years' good character— three years' previous from a Nobleman, if required. -E. v., Prospect Place, West Drayton, Middlesex. nnO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 24, -J- single) requires a situation in the Houses. Ten years' experience in leading London nurseries. Five years' good character.— F. CHAPPELL, Scotland Green, Ponders End, Middlesex. TMPROVER. — Age 19 ; six years' good -A- references.— A. B., Mr. Campbell, The Gardens, Mickle- over Manor, near Derby. To Nuraerymen. NURSERY MANAGER.— The Advertiser is open to an engagement as above ; has had twenty- five years' practical experience, and possesses the higliest references; would take the Management oi Glass, Herbaceous, and Alpine Department (in which he is well up) in a large concern.- R. B. W., 16, Market Place, Kendal. To the Trade. MANAGER of a Nursery, HEAD SHOP- MAN, or both. — First-class Bouquet Maker. Nine years with one of the most successful prizetakers in England. Unexcepiional references, and total abstainer.— T. JONES, Fearnley Street. Watford, Herts. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. BOOK-KEEPEK, CLERK, SHOPMAN, or could Manage a Business.— Age 38 ; first-class refer- ences.— A, B., 153, High Street, Harboine, Birmingham. SHOPMAN.— Age 23; well up in the Retail Seed and Bulb Trade ; eight years' experience. Highly recommended.— A. B., 3, Park Terrace, Cavendish Road. Balham, S.W. SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; well up in the Retail Seed and Bulb Trade. Eight years' experience. Highly recommended.— A. B., 354, Fairfield Terrace. York Road, Wandsworth, S.W. SHOPMAN (SECOND).— Well up in the Retail Seed and Bulb Trade. Six and a ha!f years' ex- perience. Good Penman.— W. F., 3, Church Lane. Cheshunt. Herts. HOPMAN (Assistant), NURSERY CLERK, or TRAVELLER. -Age 25 : nine years' first- class experience, best departments, Nursery and Seed Business. — W. H. SMITH'S Bookstall, West Drayton, Middlesex. To Seedsmen. SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 22 ; strong, active, and well educated. Has had five years' experience in the Wholesale and Retail Trade, with a knowledge of the Value of Plants. First-class references.- D. B., 12, Wetheral Street, Carlisle. TO SEEDSMEN. — A Nurseryman is desirous of placing his son (nearly 16), who has received a good education, with a good Retail Seed Firm, in order to Learn the Seed Trade in detail, and to reside with the proprietor. A fair Premium for a suitable engagement would be readily agreed to. Address letter with particulars to G. J., care of Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E. ''PO SEEDSMEN. — A young man desires a -*- situation in the Seed business ; four years' experience ; good references —A. MALVERN, Mr. Clare, Cotswold Seed Warehouse, Cheltenham TO HEAD GARDENERS. — Wanted, a situation as GARDEN LABOURER, in a Gentlemm's garden. Age 19 ; respectable and hardworking^^The HEAD GARDENER, Standi.'^h House, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— For the Cure of Debility, Bile, Liver and Stomach Complaints this in- appreciable medicine is so well-known in every part of the world, and the Cures performed by its use are so wonderful, that it now stands pre-eminent above all other remedies, more particularly for the Cure of Bilious and Liver Complaints, Dis- orders of the Stomach. Dropsy, and Debilitated Constitution. A course of these digestive Pills painlessity but surely regulates the Organs of Digestion and acts most beneficially on the Secretory and Excretory Organs generally. They expel from the secretive organs and the circulation those effete and morbitic matters which produce inflammation, pain, fever, debility, and physical decay— thus annihitaiing, by their purifying properties, the virulence of the most painful and devastating diseases. i6o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 4, 1883. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO (John Cowan), Limited, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HDT-WATER ENGINEERS, GAESTON, NEAE LIVERPOOL. FOR SALE. A Splendid QUEEN ANNE CONSERVATORY, 29 feet 9 inches by 17 feet 9 inclies, constructed as a Tenant's Fixture, with octagon ends, lantern ventilator, stages, &c., complete. It is made so as to be easily removed from place to place without injury, and at small cost. Price (fitted up complete, within 50 miles of Liverpool), ^178 loj-. Complete Heating Apparatus for this Conservatory, including wrought-iron welded independent boiler, requiring no brickwork. Price (fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool), ^22 \os. 6d. Illustrated Circular, with full particulars, on application. ALSO FOR SALE A GREENHOUSE, 12 feet by S feet, constructed as a Tenant's Fixture, and fitted willi stages complete. Price (erected within 50 miles of Liverpool), £20. ALSO FOB SALE GREENHOUSE, 13 feet by 9 feet, constructed as a Tenant's Fixture, and fitted with stages complete. Price (erected within 50 miles of Liverpool), £2-^. Complete Heating .'Apparatus for each of above small houses, £g. The above houses are made ol the very best materials and workmanship, glazed with 21-oz. glass, and painted three coats of best oil paint, and were nude lor exhibition. Illustrated Circular, with full particulars, on application. ( The Liverpool Horticultural Company are prepared to erect\ 'I PARTICULARS taken by Competent Engineers ^distance only will be added -.^ REPAIRS J the following understated Houses, within 50 miles of Liverpool, \at the folloiving moderate prices ; the cost of carriage to greater i Promntlv/ pYPfiifpH THE GARSTON GREENHOUSE. This Greenhouse is one of the most economical in point of storage space '^than can well be designed, at the same time Its appearance is most light and pleasing. It is fitted up with a plant stage in the centre and a platform on each side. Surrounding the house is a low pit, 4 feet wide, suitable for bedding and other small plants, or for forcing Strawberries, salading, &c. These pits may be heated from the same apparatus, but independent of the house. Price for housCj 40 feet long by iS feet wide, with portico at each end and pits complete, but exclusive of heating and brickwork, ^166. Illustrated Ciraila7's^ ivith full particulars^ on application. SPAN-ROOFED PIT, 40 ft. long by 12 ft. wide, 3 ft. 4 in. high in side-walls, 7 ft. 6 in. high to ridge, pits inside with slate bottom, leaving chamber for bottom-heat, lifting ridge and box ventilators. (No excavations.) Fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool . . . . . . £']-\ 5 o Heating above with 4-in. hot-water pipe and improved wrought-iron welded saddle boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5 o SPAN -ROOFED PIT, 30 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and otherwise same as before . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 10 o Heating above (as betore) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 lo o SPAN-ROOFED PIT, 20 ft. long by 12 ft. wide, and otherwise same as before .. .. 39 ^5 o Heating above (as before) ., 21 o o LEAN-TO VINERY, 40 ft. long by 14 ft. wide, n ft. high to ridge, 2 — 6 framing in front, with bottom and top ventilation, wrought by improved lever apparatus, glazed with 2i-oz. glass, and painted three coats of best oil paint. (No excavations or brick- work.) Fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool .. .. ., 67 10 o Heating above with 4-in. hot-water pipes and improved wrought-iron welded saddle boiler .. .. .. .. 18 10 o LEAN-TO VINERY, 30 ft. long by 13 ft. wide, 10 ft. 6 in. to ridge, and otherwise as before . . . . 47 10 o Heating above (as before) . . . . . . . . , . . . . . T7 5 o LEAN-TO VINERY, 20 ft. long by 12 feet wide, 10 feet to ridge, and otherwise same as before , . , . , . . . . . 32 10 o Heating above (as before) , , . , . , . . , . . . . . 15 10 o PEACH-HOUSE, 40 ft. long by 8 ft. wide, 10 ft. to ridge, 2 ft. 6 in, framing in front, bottom and top ventilation, glazed with 21-oz. glass, and painted three coats of best oil paint. (No brickwork of excavations.) Fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool ^^46 10 Heating above with 4-in. hot-water pipes and independent boiler, re- quiring no brickwork ., ,. ., .. ,. ,. ,, 95 PEACH-HOUSE, 30 ft. long by 8 fc. wide, and otherwise same as before . . Heating above (as before) PEACH-HOUSE, 20 ft. long by 8 ft. wide, and otherwise same as before . . . . . . . . . , . . . . Heating above (as before) 35 15 7 15 25 15 7 o CUCUMBER fKAMES. i-light, 4 feet by 6 feet 2-light, 8 feet by 6 feet 3-Iight, 12 feet by 6 feet 3 s 4 10 SPAN-ROOF FRAMES. 6 feet by 3 feet 9 inches g feet by 3 feet 6 inches £^ IS o 2 T2 6 Ends, 7J. per pair extra. The Liverpool Horticultural Company undertake the Erection and Heating of Conservatories, Greenhouses, Vineries ; also Heating of Churches, Halls, and other Public Buildings, Private Residences, &c. And all Orders entrusted to them will be carried out in the most efficient manner, and at the lowest possible cost. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. Gardens Laid-out and Planted by Contract or othei'wise. The Manager can be consulted on all matters relating to the Laying-out and Re-arrangement of Gardens. ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO BE ADDRESSED TO— THE MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, GARSTON. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Plihlisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Pretlnct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middleseaf, and Published by ihe said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturday, August 4, 1883. Agent for Manchester — John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland^^Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinbtirgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstaljlisijeti I84i. No. 502.— Vol. XX. {sbk.es.} SATURDAY, AUGUST u, 1883. I Registered at the General 1 Price 5d. Post-office as a Newspaper. TposT-FREE, ^\d. CONTENTS. Alpine plant'; Aqoile^ia Skiiineri Asp.irngii^, bundling Handed Rush, a . . Bees »r.d Monk's-hood .. Hooks noticed Hiickingham-'-hire parden, i7t . 180 I 180 16S I 167 166 iSo 166 178 *73 Calanihe anchorifera Csmpanulas, hybridising Ctmpanulas Carnaiions, Geiman fancy Coccinea glauca .. ".". , Co>ia Kica, vegetable ^ro-- d ucis in . . . . ♦ ir*^i 76 Curiam-', black ., ,',. 176 Kcnland. the .. .. 165 Ferns, Norih American 178 „ of Socolra, the .. 178 Floral decorations .. 17a Forestry . . .. . . 181 Fruit crops, the .. i6g French garden at Chats- worth .. .. . . 176 Gardenc's' Royat Bene- volent Insii.ution .. 180 Granpe, the . . . . 170 (Uapts and vineries . . 175 Grass land expeiimenls . . 176 Hardy fiu'u garden . . 175 Inseciivoroiis plants .. i/t Leaves, the peifuiation of 178 Mauve .. . . . . iSo lie Melon, large Ecyptiaii .. New Zealand plants Notes pariium Carmi- chaelia: .. Orchid notes Orchids, number of genera of.. Oitelia ovalifolia . . Paiisies. Scotch .. Parcels po\t boxes Paraffin as an insecti' Plants in flower . . ,, new garden Potato Mona's Pride Rosa Urunoniana Scilla livida Societies : — Beckenham Hofticul' tural . . Buckinfihani Horticul- tural . . Liverpool Horticultural Association .. Northamptonshire Hor- cultural '"■■.. Spiiaea iniUefoUum . ..' StraWfaeni^s .. K i-. Sugar and 6ean-cake,-v; ,■ T^l(;hOtoilla^iK.leQa^liaI)a -; Tuiipa*tKe'spebies-of— .% Vegigti^le crops Vii.erV^Ira Weither, the 1^9 174 i PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS. ARCELS POST.— CARTERS'. SEEDS, Carriage free. "PARCELS POST.— CAR'FeRS'"sPECIAL -L ORDER ROOM'S and Parcels Post-office now open. I'Osiv^carters' special TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly during ist'office. ARingha[n. Nor oik. OINSETTIA PULCHEKRIMA, at los, per 100 £)^ per looo ; now ready for 48's. SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex, PINES. — To be sold, cheap, good clean stock, ii.cluditip Q jeefifi, Jamaicas, smjoth-leaved Cayennes, and C. Koth.chi'd^— 4!^ dozen Ftuuiog. 5 dczeii Successions iz months o'd snd 6 dozen suckers 6 months old. Apply to Mr. JOHNsTON, I he Gardens, West Lavant, Chichesier Ij^lGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in -i pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure while to the darkest purple), for cliinb- iug and bedding, from i2i. to 245. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SIVIITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. DF. BOEKEE, Leiden, Holland, has a • brge Stock of CON VALLARIA CLUMPS. Price 5o.r. per ico Sample on application. Double White Sweet Scented ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, ^i per 100. Apply to T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex. S~TRAWBERRY"RUNNERS,7rom Twenty Choice Varieties. Price LI ST on application. Sample box of plants with fruit, ^d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6(/. W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffield. TRAWBEKKIES.— We are now prepared 10 supjjiv ilrong, healthy Plants, from ground and in pots, of all the most approved kinds A select debcripiive LIST post-free on aptjlicaiion, THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge- wotlh, Herts. MESSRS~SQUELCH TnITIjXrN HAM, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Maiketj W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied. Terms and reference'^ on application. W' ANTED, PINES, NECTARINES, PEACHES. MELONS, GRAPES. TOMATOS, &c. Also EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS, TUBEKC iSES, GAR- DENIAS. ORCHIDS. Mnrechal Nlel ROSES. &c. WISE AND R I DES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden. N 'NLAND PARCELS POST. s UTTONS' SEEDS BY pAR CELS POST. s EED ORDERS EXECUTED s AME DAY AS RECEIVED P E T A ELIVERED DIRECT TO VERY HOUSE IN THE KINGDOM. HE PARCELS POST MAKES GENTS UNNECESSARY. s UTTON AND SONS HAVE NO AGENTS. s UTTONS' SEEDS ONLY TO BE obtained D IRECT FROM OEAUING. / CHOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and KJ HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— loo for 28i ; 200, 60s. : 300 icor.; 400, 140s.: 500, 2-'os. Distinct species, established in pots. S.^XlFRAGES — 100. 28r. : 200. rooj., distinct speciesand var. CATALOGUE on application. STANSFIELD BROS.. Southpott, '•("'EA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands -L to offer, clean, healthy, and full oi buds, including a fine lot of Mai<^chal Niel and Niphetos — the latter in several ^izes. i r ces on application. F. STREET, Heaiherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Fam* borough Station. HH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket • CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials. Post-free on application. t^had Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston. Birminaham. Hyacintlis, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c. T:> U D D E N B O R G BROS., BuLB -1—' Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post* fiee on application. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and double; PVRETH RU VIS, single and double ; PH LOXisS and TEA ROSES: CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED. CATALOGUES eraiisacd post-free. Tea Roses -Tea Roses. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a splendid stock of Tea and o.her Roses m pots. Piices and full particulars on applic.iiion to The MANAGER, Ihe Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool. ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63. EEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.— Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited to call and inspect stock of above at the Momrieih Nurseries, near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR. RIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO- LARIAS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans- planted Seedlings, at 8j. per loo, 70J. per 1000. pack.ige aid carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Marethal Niel and other Tea RUbES, in 43-pots, at 60s. pt-.r loc T. FLETCHER and SON, Floiisis, &c., Chesterfield. "a~q" uTlI;" g ia glan dulosa • -i^ (Grlgor's Variety). — to, 000 to offer. Plants to bloom next spring, 15J. per loj ; smaller, loi. Seed, just collected, si. 6^^. and 5J. per packet. Usual diiicount to the IVa^ e. R, AND A. MURRISO.V. The Nurseries. Elgin. Hardy Primrose and Polyanthus Seed. ANTHUiNY WATLRER begs to ofter SKtD of the -train exhibited by him tn the Spring at the Meetings of the Rnyal Hoiticuhural and Royal Botanic Societies of London, and also at Manchester, in Packets at 5s. each, post-free on leceipt of cash or stamps. Knap Hill Nursery. Woking. Surrey. FECIAL O F F E R.— PELARGONIUMS, best market varieties ; red an-J white BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEAlUM- Sirong plants of each, in thumSs, 2jJ. per 100, for prompt ca?h RUBERI'S BROS, and ARNOLD, Ea^t GiinMead, Sussex 1 62 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [August ii, 1883. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 644=) DUTCH BULBS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION', at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covetit Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. August 15. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, 19 cases of DUTCH BULBS, com- prising nearly 1000 lots of first-class double and single Hya- cinths, in all colours, White Roman ditto for forcing. Tuljps, Crocuses, Narcissus, SciUas. Snowdrops, and other bulbs just received from well known farms in Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and private buyers. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next, L^LIA ELEGANS. MR. J. C, STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 16, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, the most wonderful consignment of L/ELIA ELEGANS ever seen, in extra condition and health. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6443 ) IMPORTED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W,C., on THURSDAY NEXT, August 16, a quantity of imported plants of SACCOLABIUM HARRISONI.and CYPRIPEDIUMS, from South Borneo; also three cases of DENDROBES,CYMBIDIUMS, S:c. Oa view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Saturday Next.— (Sale No. 6445.) DUTCH BULBS. — TRADE SALE. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. Kmg Street, Coveut Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY NEXT, August 18. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consignment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS in all colours, TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOW- DROPS, early ROMAN HYACINTHS, and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and private buyers. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. CYPRIPEDIUM BOISSIERIANUM, Rchb f. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Mr. F, Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine lot of CYPRIPEDIUM BOISSIERI- ANUM, offered for the first time, and figured in Reichenbach's Xeuia. Also superb m-isses of finest varieties of ODONTO- GLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, many CATTLEYAS and other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. CONSIGNMENT of DENDROBIUMS from Upper Bnrmih, consisting of D. WARDIANUM, D. CRaSSINODE, D. PRIMULINUM, D. THYRSIFLORUM, and several plants of the rare D. BRYMERIANUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above iu their S.ALE. to take place at their Central Auction Rooms, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, S:c , for UNRESERVED SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (next door but one to Bennett's Clock), on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre- cisely, several lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including Odontoglossum Edrt'ardsi, O. crispum, O. vexiUarium, Caltleya dolosa, C. gigas, C Warscewiczi, Sic. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next, A GRAND IMPORTATION of CATTLEYA MENDELLI, ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra:), O. PE.S- CATOREI. O. SPECIES, CATTLEYA AUREA, C GIGAS. MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, M. HARRY- ANA, M, TROCHILUS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, at the Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C, on FRID-\Y NEXT, August 17, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shuttle- worth, Carder & Co. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, or 8. New Broad Street, E.C. Roman Hyacinths and Eucharis Candida. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will include in their first BULB SALE at their Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, EC, on MONDAY, August 20, 3000 tine Roman HYACINTHS, and 300 fresh imported bulbs of EUCHAttIS CANDIDA, true. Mondays and Thursdays, August 20, 23, 27, and 30. DUTCH BULBS —SPECIAL TRADE SALES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUG TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside. E.C, on MONDAY, August 20; THURSLiAY, August 23 ; MONDAY, August 27 ; and THURSDAY, August 30. at half-past ri o'Clock precisely each day, extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Holland, of the best quality, and lotted specially to suit the Trade and other large buyers. On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C. Preliminary Notice.— Southgate, N. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre- mises, The Nursery, Chase Side Cottage, opposite the " Crown " Inn, Old Southgate, N., on WEDNESDAY, August 29, the Erections of Eleven GREENHOUSES, containing about 7000 feet of Glass and Woodwork, many thousands of feet of Hot- water Piping, Boilers, S:c. Catalogues at 8, New Bread Street, E. C Manchester. SALE of an IMPORTANT and VALUABLE COLLEC- TION of CHOICE ORCHIDS, including fine specimens of Vanda tricolor, V. suavis, and V. gigantea. several from Mr. Mendel's sale ; LazUa anceps, L. superbum, and L. purpurata ; Cattleyas Mossiai and other varieties, Cypri- pedium, a fine plant of Angraicum sesquipedale, Coilogyne cristata, Cymbidium eburneuni. Calanihes. and other rare kinds; PALMS and other FINE-FOLIAGE PLANTS, large specimens of CYATHEA DEALBATA. DICK- SONIA ANTARCTICA, CYBOTIUM PRINCEPS, LATANIA BORBONICA, well-grown AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS of known sorts, well grown, and some of large size ; EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. beautiful EXOTIC FERNS, DRACj«N AS, together with the usual PLANTS for STOVES and GREENHOUSES, also choice RHODODENDRONS, twenty-six FRUIT TREES in pots, about 150 CHRYSANTHEMUMS of sorts, ROSES, PELARGONIUMS, &c. MESSRS. CAPES, DUNN AND PILCHER have received instructions from the Executors of the late Peter Spence, Esq.. to SFXL by AUCTION, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 17, at ii o'Clock prompt, at Erlington House, Seymour Grove, Old Trafford, the highly valuable collection of ORCHIDS and other STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. May be viewed on Monday, August 13. and three following days, when Catalogues can be had at the house, or earlier on application at the offices of the Auctioneers, 8, Clarence Street, Albert Squaie, Manchester. Investment.— Important to OrcMd Growers. 15 miles from London. FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishing to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New Broad Street. E.C— (Folio 5865.) For"1;ale7sYdcup hill nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim. the Stock, Leases, business Structures, &c., of this Nursery are to be immediately disposed ol For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the abDve address. FOR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORIST BUSINESS, in the North of Scotland. The Grounds extend to 11 acres, held on 11 years leases, the greater part of the terms being unexpired. The subjects include 3 Green- house?, with Hot-water Appliances, and a number of Frames. The Stock, which is in fitsl-class condition, consists of several millions of Seedling and Transplarited Forest Trees (for the prime quality of which the nursery is well-known), Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Bushes, and Flowers of every descrip- tion. The sale is rendered necessary by dissolution of partner- ship, and offers a splendid opportunity for acquiring a good going established business. Further particulars from GRIGOR and YOUNG, Solicitors, Elgin, N.B. , Kingswood Cottage Nursery, Vulcan Eoad, Brockley, Kent. To GARDENERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, a compact NURSERY, with Greenhouses 200 feet by 12 feet ; good Garden, well stocked, containing about three quarters of an acre ; Dwelling- house, 6 rooms, with outbuildings, S:c. Rent, about £,-^i per annum ; must be Let at once on account of owner going abroad. Five years' of lease unexpired : can be renewed. This, a bargain not often met with, can be taken at valuation, or by private contract, with immediate possession. Apply on the Premises as above. 0 BE LET, ON LEASE, a good JOBBING and LOCAL BUSINESS, upon favourable terms. Apply to Mrs. G. SMITH. Tollington Nursery, Tollington Park, Hornsey Road, N. TMILLINGTON and CO., English • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. Whitk Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants, 43, Commercial Street, E. D UTCH BULBS. D IRECT FROM THE GROWERS. ANT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, Overveen. near Haarlem, Holland. Before ordering Dutch Bulbs, read Ant. Roozen & Son's CATALOGUE for 1883, which their Agents, Messrs. MER- TENS and CO., 5. Bilhter Square, London, E.C, will forward Post-free on application. To the Trade. TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND O BEALE'S CATALOGUE of Bulbs. Plants, ard Horti- cultural Sundries, has now been posted to every Customer; should it have miscarried another copy will be sent on appli- cation to 237 and 238. High Holborn, London, W.C. BEGONIAS. — B. Hareana, a new variety, blooming continuously ; of the greatest value for cutting or for market work, being dwarf and compact, and crowded at every joint with white flowers; \s. 6d. each. B. DAVISII, 15. 6d : B. SEMPERFLORENS ROSEA, B. VEITCHII.B. SCHMIDTU, B. ROEZLII, B. FRCEBELLI. i^. each : a good plant of each of the above, 7 j. GOLDEN NUGGET: strong plants full of bloom-buds, of this famous Begonia can now be offered at 2s. 6d. each. B. BONIFACE, large trusses of enormous scarlet flowers, 3^. 6d, each. These choice varieties should be in every collection. LIS r of other Begonias post-free. All plants are package and carriage free, from T. H. HARE, Bulb Grower, &c., Sittingbourne, Kent. BULB SEASON. 1883. GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others, by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may obtain the FINEST BULBSat strictly WHOLESALE PRICES. Write for PRICE LIS T to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED, and BULB DEPOT, 162. Fenchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.C. PLANT AT ONCE, EARLY FORCING. CARTERS' BULBS FOR THE DECORATION of the CONSERVATORY, DRAWING ROOM, &c., &c , at CHRISTMASTIME. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, 25s. per 100, 3^. 6d. per dozen, ^d. each. EARLY WHU-E ROMAN HYACINTHS (Blue Skin), 17J. 6.^. per 100. 25. 6d. per dozen, jd. each. EARLY BLUE RO.MAN HYACINTHS, 12;. 6J. per 100, IS. gd, per dozen. 3^. each. LIGHT BLUE NEAPOLITAN, 151. per 100, ss. per dozen, ^d. each. DARK BLUE NEAPOLITAN, 151. per 100, is. per dozen, ^d. each. EARLY DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, 21. 6d. per doien. 4d. each, EARLY PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS, is. gt per dozen, ^d. each. DOUBLE SNOWDROPS, large, 211. per 1000, 21. 6d. per 100, sd per dozen. SINGLE SNOWDROPS, large, 21J. per 1000. 21. 61/. per ICO, sd. per dozen. DUG VAN THOL TULIPS, red and yellow, single, loi. per 100, IS. 6d. per dozen. ALLIUM NEAPOLITANUM, xos. per 100, is. id. per dozen. NOTE.— These prices are not binding after the publication of Carters' Autumn Catalogue. COLLECTIONS of the above, price 51., 71. 6d , 161., 241., 45r., and 65s. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen. By Royal Command to the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London , W.C. To BE SOLD, CHEAP.— 100 CROTONS in varieties — plants from i foot to 3 feet. Also 100 DRAC^NAS, from 6 inches to 18 inches, all well coloured. The above must be sold for want of room. Full particulars will be sent as to varieties and sizes. HY. NOBLE, Paradise Nurseries. Boston Spa, Yorkshire. TOSEPH BAUMANN, Nurserym.\n, tj Ghent, Belgium, offers the following Plants :—AZ\LE A hardy MOLLIS and hardy Ghent, A. INDICA. RHODO- DENDRONS, CAMELLIAS, KALMIA LATl FOLIA, dwarf with flower buds ; fine Sweet BAYS, Standards and Pyra- mids ; fine LATANIA BORBONICA, ARALIA S'lE- BOLDI and VARIEGATA, ARAUCARIAS, ILEX, MAG- NOLIAS, PEONIES, ROSES, SPIR/EA JAPONICA, &c, CATALOGUE free. Parcels Post MR. WILLIAM GORDON is prepared to give the full benefit of the Parcels' Post to his Customers, and will forward, package and cairiage free, all orders of loj, and upwards. This will enable his Customers in the country to purchase plant? at the same price as is paid at the Nursery by those resident in London and the Suburbs. The fact that these plants with ordinary care can be grown in a greenhouse has given an impetus to orders, and~nearly all lovers of flowers are now Orchid growers and are forming col- lections, which, besides being very interesting, will become valuable as there are no plants which pay better for growing into specimens. The following are a few of the varied and cheap ORCHIDS which are held in quantities : see also last week's advertisement. The special ORCHID LIST for August will be forwarded, post-free, on application : — C. denotes Cool, /. Intermediate, and S. Stove Plants. Each — s. d. I. AERIDES FIELDINGIT, orFOX BRUSH.-Five to seven leaves . , . . . . . . 51. and 7 6 /. CATTLEYA SANDERIANA.— This is the best of all Cattleyas, a very grand type of gigas. Fine im- ported pieces, six to twelve bulb.':, io.r 6;/., 155-. and 21 o /. CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA. -This is a splesdid new Cattleya. Good established plants, eight to twelve bulbs ... .. .. .. xos. td. and 15 o Imported pieces yj. 6(/. and 10 6 /. CATTLEYA WARSCEWIC2II. — Six to twelve bulbs, good strong breaks. Imported pieces .. 76 /. CATTLEYA MENDELII. — SLt to twelve bulbs. Good strong breaks. Imported pieces, some estab- lished .. .. .. -js. 6d., 10s 6d. and 15 o A CYPRIPEDIUM VENUSTUM.— This is a very pretty old Cypripedium. It is a greenhouse species, good for cutting. Strong plants . . . . 26 6". CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM.— Thisisvetybeautiful: flowers pure white. Strong plants . . 2s. 6d. and 5 o /. DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM. — A beautiful large flower, pure white . . . . 3^. 6d. and 5 o /. DENDROBIUM PALPEBR^. -Very pretty, sweet- scented. The flowerj, white and golden-yellow, hsng in beauti'ul clusters . . ,. 2s. 6d. and 3 o S. DENDROBIUM SUAVISSIMUM. — This is a charming variety, bright yellow, except the lip, wi:h very dark crimson spots in the centre. Five to six bulb,=; .. ., 5^. and 7 6 SINGLE WHITE ROMAN HVACINTHS.-For forcing . . . . per dozen, 2s. 6 CO.. FiLrnborough Station, Hants. Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure. Manufactured by the LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, and Sold by thou and all NtirseiyiiicTi and Seedsmen. This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords. For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli- cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Prebs and from letters leceived by the Company from those who have used the manure. GARDEN REQUISITES^ PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND, PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO CLOTH, &c. Quality equal to any in the Market. (All Sacks included.) 45. 6d. per sack. 3J. ed. „ 5 J. orf. ,, IS. per bushel (sacks included). i^, 3f/. per bushel. icd. per lb, Sd- per lb., 2S lb. i8j. lod. per lb., 28 lb. 21^. ial ad' PEAT, best brown fibrous „ best black fibrous .. ,. extra selected Orchid LOAM, beat yellow fibrous PREPARED COMPOST, best LEAF MOULD .. PEAT MOULD SILVER SAND (coarse) RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ,. PAPER, finest imported ., CUCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special adveitisement) Terms, strictly Cash with order, CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL, LONDON, E. Amortlser.— Amortiser— Amortlser. To HOP and FRUIT r.ROWERS. FLORISTS, MARKET GARDENERS and OTHERS. QTEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER O INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly, Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists, more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu- able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION or all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to injure the most delicate b'oom or foliage. We have a Special Pieparation of the Amortiser for Waterm^ the Ground whi.h Instantly Destroys Slugs, \Vire.vorms Caterpillars, Grubs, &c When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample Cans, 4% gallons, 31. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for Large Quantities. Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E. Speciality for Roses. BEESON'S RO.SE MANU RE. To be Iiad of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. For particulars please apply to W. H. HEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield, To Her J\l..ht Gracious M.ijesty Queen Victoiia, To His lvov.^1 Highness the Piuice of Wales. For Beauilliil Flowers and Fnilta Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s PAXiiNT COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS, As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Pruicipsl Nurseries of Europe. Guaranteed AB^OLUTELV Pure, Free from any Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa- Nut Husks, and can only be obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Pennv, Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar- dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883, — I must say your Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ; in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs, Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c. DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS. Alt elegant Bordering to F louver Beds. Combines ivartnth and cleanliness zuith vahtable antiseptic attd deodorising properties. Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather. Terms, stiictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks IS. dd. each; 10 sacks. 135 ; 15 sacks, i8j. ; 20 sacks, 23J. 30 sacks. 3o.r. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, ^2. Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated, in sacks only, zs. 6d. each (two Prize MedaU). Valuable for Pottins and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita- tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the Manufacturers, cjjugg^ ROUND & CO., Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, Millwall, LondoD, E. Important Discovery. For Cleansing Plants from Aphides and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame- rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale, &c., and for Washing all Hard- Wooded Plants, always use HUDSON'S SOAP. A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water. A strong solution thickened with clay malces an effective Winter Dressing, Testimonial. *' Colon Hall Nursery, Slirewsbury, July 28, iS3o. "We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard- wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting yon with this testimonial, and remain, yours truly, (Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO." REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE ! of all DIRT from EVERYTHING liY USING HTTDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP. Certain Sudden DEATH to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spicier, Thrips, Mealy Bug, Caterpillars, &c. Perfectly \ to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Rjng- Harmless f worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites, (SOLOBLE) INSEOTiOlilE A combination of Hvdrocarbnn Oils made Soluble in Water. For destroying ALL INSECTS aud PARASITES that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage, It cutes Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &:c. Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting the bloom; and, thickened with a little clay, makes a good wmier dressing. T)estro\s Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. dd., -zs. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon i2.(. erf, , or leijs in larger quantities. Each bottle bears the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions for use. Rlanufactnred by E. GRIFFITHS HOGHEd, Manchester. Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale Druggists. New York : ROLKER and SONS. ORTICULTURE, — SILVER SAND, 6i, per ton ; HEATH PEAT, yj. per ton ; FOREST PEAT, 85. and 10s. per yard ; FOREST LOAM, 10s. and 12J, per yard. On rail, loose, from 2 tons upwards. Sent to all parts at lowest rates. W, SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex.— Est. 186a. SILVER SAND DIRECT FROM PITS, For lowest price, write HENRY "WILKEKSON, LEIGHTON BUZZARD. (^ ISHURS't compound.— Used by many V_.J of the leading Gardeners, since 1859. against Red-spider, Mildew. Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from 1 to 20Z. to the gallon oS soft water, and of from 4 to i6oz. as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparatioi s intended to supersede it. In Boxes, if. ,3J.,& loj. 6d. AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis- hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part. GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com- fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies, Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd. and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS. Before purchasing, send for Samples and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSOK, who can supply a splendid article at a low- price. JAMES T. ANDERSON, M9, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E. ICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING, &C.-RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS. SACKS, and ever>' requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post- fiee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING. 2 yards wide, i\id. ; and 4 yards wide, -^d. per yard. SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide, -^d. ; ij^ yard, \]^d. ; and 2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces of 20 yards each, at 3^. 6d. per piece. NETTING~for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds^ Ripe Slrawbenies, &c.— TANNED NETTING for protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards wide, sd, per yard, or loo vards, j6s. ; 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard, or 50 yards, 16s. NEW TANNED NETFING, suited for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards wide, 6d. per yard : 4 yards wide, \s. per yard . -^-inch mesh, 4 yards wide, 15, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 55. and 6s. per piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked Lane, London Bridge, E.C. RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-AU the usual kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second- hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany, Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-clolhs, Ropes, Lines, and Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E C. TNDIAN MUSLIN^^for^Garden Shading.— J- I03 yards for 105., delivered at Burnley Station; or 85 \ards for 105., delivered free per parcels post. Very u'eful oure Cotton for Ciu-tains, Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern. J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley. UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE DAY, SON & HEWITT, Inventors and Sole Proprietors ol the "ORIGINAL" STOCK-BREEDERS' IVIEDICfHE CHESTS, For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle, Calves, Sheep and Lambs, And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines ever known as " Day's." Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery," £2 i6s. 6d., sent carriage paid througlioul Great Britain. CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, la on aU Bottles and Packets. DAY, SON & HEWITT, 22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON ; AND WANTAGE, BERKS. H O S E^ PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE. Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov- ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden U-^e. A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red* Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever." Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices. Sample and Price of MERRYWEATH ER <& SONS, 6i, Long Acre. W.C. ; and Greenwich Road. London, S.E. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. The 'Ezpanslon Joint." .&i^M „i The Beat aud Quickest Made. 4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. -^d. each 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each. Price Lis! on application. 164 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 1S83. FOR SALE, a Pair ofgrand old AMERICAN ALOES, 7 feet by 8, at the very low price of six Euineas. C. E., Mr. Chird, Florist, Chase Corner, Clapham mmoQ, S.E. APAVER UMBROSUM, fine new purple Seed, ^d. per packet, post-free -jd. One packet each >inibrosum, Fl.ig of Truce, white as a snowball, and Indian Banner, vivid scarlet, both very double, 15. zd. post-free. THOMAS BUNYARD, Ashford, Kent. BMALLER begs to make his Annual • Trade Offer of his very extensive and ex'ra well-grown stock of: — ERICAS (Hyemalis, and other varieties), EPACRIS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIANTUM eUNEATUM and other FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on application. The Annual SALE by AUCTION will be held in EPTEMBER. Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S. E. Free by Post or RaU. TAMES DICKSON and SONS offer f-' selected stocks of the following : — CABBAGE, Dickson's Nonsuch, is. per ouoce. „ EUam's Early Dwarf, is. per packet. „ Early Rainham, %d. per ounce. ,, Improved Monpareil, Zd. pei ounce. CAULIFLOWER. Improved Early London, 15. td. per ounce. CUCUMBER, Rollisson's Telearaph, z5. dd. per packet. LETTUCE, Dickson's Hardy Winter Cabbage, i5. per packet. ,, Hardy White Cos, is. i,d. per ounce. ONION, Giant Rocca Tripoli, lod. per ounce. ,, Red and White Italian Tripoli, each. \od. per ounce. Also choice strains of CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA. GLOXINIA (erect and drooping varieties), PRIMULA SI- NENSIS FIMBRIATA (red, white, or mixed), in is. 6d., 2s, 6d., and 5s. packets ; and all other VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS for present or later sowing. 108, Eastgate Street, Chester. HADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED. — This seed has been grown by careful selection for six- teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant — selling the Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough — feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price 7s. per pound in small quantities ; 5s. 6d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards For Cash only. Apply to Mr. RANDELL, Chadbury, near Evesham. Rose Nursery. Late J. B. Guillot, Sen. — Established in 1837. ROSES THE GREAT SPECIALITY. JOSEPH SCHWARTZ, Rose Grower, Route de Vienne, 7, Si la Guiilotiere, Lyon, has to offer NEW ROSES, obtained from Seed at his Establishment, and which will be sent out on November 1 next ; — HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES. COLONEL FELIX BRETON.— Vigorous shrub, having the appearance of Charles Lefebvre. Large flower, full, petals regularly imbricated, velvety red-garnet — exterior petals shining velvety pale amaranth, the underside dull amaranih. Entirely new colour. MONS. BENOIT COMTE.— Very vigorous shrub, having the appearance of Alfred Colomb. Flower large, full, globular, in the form of a cup, brilliant poppy-red, shaded vermilion in the interior, exterior of petals poppy-red, covered with a plum- like bloom. Remarkable for the brightness and beauty of its colour. MONS. FRANCISQUE RIVE. — Very vigorous plant, somewhat like Marie Baumann. Very large, full, well-formed flowers, bright cherry-red, shaded carmine ; petals concave, underside gUucescent. Very fragrant. A successional bloomer. PRESIDENT SENELAR.— Very vigorous shrub, of pecu- liar appearance. Large flower, full, deep cherry-red. sparkling velveiy tinge, passing to purple-shaded cinnabar. Magnificent variety. SECRETAIRE J. NICOLAS. — Very vigorous. Large full flower, well shaped, globular, of a beautiful dull purple red, brighc velvety tinge ; reverse of petals pale plum-coloured amaranth. Very fragrant. Has a grand effect. Free fliwerer. ROSA POLYANTHAor MULTIFLORA (Dwarf Climber) JEANNE DRIVON.— Very perpetual flowering shrub. Flowers in corymbs, very double, somewhat resembling those of the Camellia Balsam, large (relatively) for the genus, white edged, add shaded rose ; the reverse of the petals white. Colour unique. Plant very distinct from the varieties of the same group now in commerce. Suitable for groups. Extra variety. These Novelties have this year obtained the following awards : — First-class Certificate, Soci^t^ d'Horticukure pratique du .Rhone, June 9 : First-class Certificate, Association Horticole Lyonnaise, June 17. Price, each variety, per plant, 25 francs ; the set of six, 120 francs. N. B. — Purchasers of foiu" plants of the same viriety will receive a fifth gratis. NEW ROSES sent out by J. S., in the autumn of 1882 : — Hybrid Noisette, Madame Fanny de Forest. 3 tr. each, 30 fr. p:r dozen ; Hybrid Perpetual, Marguerite de Roman, 2 fr. 50 c. each, 24 tr. per dozen ; Hybrid Ayrshire Climbing. Madame Viviand Morel, 2 fr. 50c each, 24 fr. per dozen; Polyantha, non-climbing. Bijou de Lyon, 2 fr. each, 18 fr. per dozen. Notice. — A very large quantity of Dwarf Roses, Standards and Hall-Standards, ready for sale in the Autumn. General CATALOGUE sent post-free on application. ABC BULB GUIDE. The present season's edition of the above is in the printer's hands, and will be issued in a few days, when it will be duly posted to all Customers, and may be had Gratis and Post- free upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING. TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE, RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES, ITALIAN RYE-6RA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, L. Samples and Quotations on application. THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), 106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E. THURSDAY NEXT. L^ELIA ELBGANS. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 16, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the most wonderful consignment of LyELIA ELEGANS ever seen, in extra condition and health. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind, Horse, or Manual Power, Prices upon application -with particulars of requirements. Warner's Garden, Farm, or Greenhouse Lift Pumps. Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or Portable Force Pump foi Manure. Warner's Portable Pump, wiih Improved Valves for Liquid Manure. J. WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.G. FOSTEE k PEAESOI, BEESTOI, MTTS. < PROM THB ' GARDENEK3 CHKONICLE." August ii, 1SS3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. i6S EBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE. The Best Cabbage in Cultivation, 6(1. and Is. per Packet, 23. per Ounce. Mr J. Mulr, In the "Journal of Horti- culture," of May 24, 1883, says: — "Our larsest piece of Spring Cabbage measures 70 feet x 50 feet, and here we have many sorts growing. The best of all these at the present time is WEBBS' EMPEROR." Per Ounce, Post-free. EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE .. 8d. ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 8d. EARLY BAINHAM do. .. 9d. EARLY DWARF YORK do. . . 6d. RED DVTCH do. 6d. pkt. Is. ONION. PacVet. Ounce. WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI, 6d. Is. WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI, 6d. 9d. LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI . . 6d. 9d. GLANT ROCCA 6d. Ig. WHITE LISBON 6d. WHITE SPANISH, or READING .. 6d. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail. 5 PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH. WEBB &, SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, W0RD8LEY.8T0URBRIDGE. D A N I E L S' WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI. The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference. Seed, wiih complete Cultural Directions, IS. fid. per packet, post-free. Daniels Bros. fi^^^^^rT'), Norwich. ROSES IN POTS, All the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from iZs. to 36^-. per dozen. These World-famed KOSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. NOTICE TO THE TRADE. MESSRS. GREGORY & EVANS beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally, that they have the largest stock of ERICA HVEMALIS, in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other varieties in proportion. Inspection Invited. LONG LANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP, AND AT LEE, S.E. CABBAGE FOR PRESENT SOWING \ BUTTONS* IMPERIAL. The best Cab- bage for spring use. If sown the first or second week in Angust it wilt produce beautiful Cab- bages for early .«. p r i n E use. Heads cone- shaped, very larire. firm, and of mild tIavDur. Is, per ounce. ENFIELD MARKET, 6ieve .. 30-40, Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-30 Figs, per dozen ..20-.. j — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o Grapes, per lb. ..10-30] Strawberrits, per lb. o 3- o g Vegetables— Artichokes, Globe, per doz. Beans, French. lb. .. — Scarlet, per lb... Beet, per doz. Cabbages, per doz. . . Carrots, new, p. bun. Cauliflowers, Eng- lish, dozen Celery, per bundle . . Cucumbers, each . . Endive, Fiencti, per dozen Garlic, per lb. Herbs, per bunch . . Horse Radish, buod. PoTATOS.— Jersey Jersei Kent Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Lettuces, Cabbage, 20-30 per dozen . . ..10-.. 04-.. — Cos, per dozen.. 16-.. 04-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 06-.. 10-.. M ushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20 1 o- a o Onions, per bunch ., o €- .. 0 6- .. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch., o 4- . * 20-30 Peas. English, quart i c- .,- •■ 1 6- .. Radishes, per doz. .. i 6- ..' o 4- o S Small salading, puo. 04-.. Spinach, per bushel 36-.. 20-.. Sweet Poiatos, lb. .. b 6- ., 10-.. Tomatos, per lb. . . i o- . . 02-04 Turnips, new, bun. o .^ . . ^ t>- 4 o I Vegt. Marrows, each 03-04 Potatos much diseased, aud trade bad : Kidneys, Cs to £>^ P«:r ton. 1 88 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ("August ii, 1883. Plants in Pots. s. Aralia Sieboldii, per dozen .. ..12 Arbor-vitse (golden), per dozen . . . . 6 — (common), dozen 6 Asters, per doz. .. 4 Begonias, per doz. .. 6 Bouvardia, doz. ..12 Caladiums, per doz. 6 Calceolarias, dozen... 4 Cockscombs, doz. .. 4 Coleus. doz. .. ..3 Dracaena term. doz. 30 — viridis, per doz ..12 Erica, various, doz.ia Euonyraus, various, per dozen . . . . 9 Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 d.s. 0-24 i. 0 0-18 0 0-12 0 0- 3 0 O-IZ 0 0-18 0 0-24 0 &- q 0 0- q 0 n- 6 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-36 ° 0-18 0 0-Z4 0 . d. s. d- -Average Wholesale Prices. Ferns, in variety, per dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . . . 2 0-10 o Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90 Hydrangea, per. doz. g 0-24 o Lilium longiflorum, per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o Liiiums, various, doz. 12 0-31 o Lobelias, per dozen 30-60 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen . . . . 12 0-24 o Mignoonette, doz. .. 40-60 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen . . 20-60 — decorative, doz. 60-80 Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Abutilon, 12 bunches 20-40 Asters, 12 bunches.. 40-60 — French, per bun. 10-30 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16 Canterbury Bell.bun. 10-20 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30 — 12 bunches . . 30-60 Cornflower, 12 bun.. 1 6- d o Dahlias, 12 bun .. 40-80 Delphinium, p. bun. 06-10 Eucharis. per doz. .. 40-60 Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2 o- 4 o Gardenias, 12 blms.. 30-60 Gladioli. 12 spikes.. 16-40 Heliotropes, i2Sp. .. o 6- i o I^apageria, white, iz blooms . . ..30-60 • — red, 12 blooms.. 10-30 Liiiums. 12 bun. ..12 0-18 o Lavender, 12 bun. .. 60-90 Marguerites, 12 bun, 6 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 Mirigolds, izbun. .. 2 Myosoiis, or Forget- me-not, p. 12 bun. 2 Pansies, 12 bunches o Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o — zonal, 12 sprays 3 Picotees, 12 bun. .. 2 Primula, double, bun. i Pyrethrum. 12 bun.. 3 Roses (indoor), doz. 2 — (outdoor), 12 bun. 3 — coloured, doz. .. 3 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 Stocks, 12 bunches,. 3 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 3 Sweet Sultan, iz bun. 4 Tropaeolum, iz bun. 1 White Jasmine, bun. o d. s. d. 0-90 O- Q O 0-40 0-60 g- 1 6 6- I o 0-60 0-60 0-16 0-60 0-60 0-60 c- 8 o 6-40 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-20 6-10 SEEDS. London : Aug. 8. — The seed market to-day was quite of a holiday character, there being scarcely any business doing. New French Trifolium is rather dearer. This season's Essex Rape seed is both cheap and good. There is a better trade for sowing Mustard. New Rye is now offering. Operations in bird seeds are restricted. Feed- ing Linseed is steady Joh7i Shaw ^ Sons, Seed Mer- chants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E. C, CORN. Monday being a Bank Holiday there was no business done at Mark Lane. On Wednesday the supply of EngHsh Wheat was light, and firmly held. Foreign did not sell largely, but sales in some cases were effected at prices not obtainable on Friday last by about 6d. per quarter. Flour was fairly steady, but with a slow sale. Beans and Peas sold in retail at previous value. Barley was without quotable change. There have been good arrivals of Oats, but prices were upheld, and there was a steady trade. — Average prices of corn for the week ending August 4 : — Wheat, 43J. ^d. ; Barley, 30J. ; Oats, 23J. lod. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 51J. ^d.', Barley, 29^. id. ; Oats, 25^. '^d. CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday the trade for beasts was not brisk, and prices in some cases rather easier than on the previous market day. Sheep brought about late value. Of calves, best qualities sold steadily, plain sons badly. Quotations : — Beasts, Canadians, $s. ^d. to ^s.%d. ; Danish, 4^. Sd. to 5^. 6d. ; Gothenburg, 4f. lod. to 5^. 2d. ; British, 4^. 6d. to 5^. ^d., and s^- ^d. to 6s. id. ; calves, 55. to 6j. 6d.', sheep, foreign, 55. srf. to 6^. ^d. ; British, 5^. 6d. to 6j., and 6s. ^d. to 71.— On Thursday trade showed greater vitality, both beasts and sheep meeting with more attention, and quite as dear as on Monday. Calves and pigs were steady at late quota- tions. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that there were moderate supplies of Clover, and trade dull, especi- ally for inferior qualities. Quotations : — Prime meadow hay, 80s. to gzs. ; inferior, 40s. to 65J. ; prime Clover, looj^. to 120J. ; inferior, 60s. to 75J. ; prime second cut, qos. to io8.f. ; and straw, 30J. to 40J. per load. — On Thursday there was a large supply, and trade was very dull. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old meadow hay, 86s. to 98J. ; inferior, 65J. to y6s. ; new, 65J. to 84?. ; superior old Clover, ii2j. to I20J'. ; infe- rior, 80s. to 95J. ; new, y^s. to xoos. ; and straw, 36^. to 40J. per load. POTATOS. The holidays have somewhat interfered with business, but the following represents the average prices realised: — English kidneys, 70J. to ioo.t. per ton ; English rounds, 50^. to Soj. per ton ; English Beauty of Hebron, 60s. to gos. per ton ; and English Roses, 60s. per ton. COALS. The following are the prices current at market during the week : — East Wylam, i6j. ; Walls End — Tyne unscreened, us. ; Lambton, i8.r. 6d. ; Wear, ijs. ; Thornley, 18s. ; Tees, igs. -^d. Government Stock. — On Monday there was no business on 'Change. Consols closed on Tuesday at 99I for dehvery, and 100 for the account. Wednesday's final figures were 100 to 100^ for delivery, and 100} to ioo| for the account. The closing quotations of Thurs- day were 995 to looj for delivery, and ioo\ to roo^ for the account. »s\^ ^^^^mv^nEer ^^ d. per gallon at the Manufactory, or \s. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. "■ Piercefield Park. Jvne 2\, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we had. which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfullv. Wm. Cox." C^i/r/C7V.— Hill & Smith would particularly wain their Custcmers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they lereive, stamp it as a truly genuine article. Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates, &c, , sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, SiafTordshire ; itS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and iSn, Buchanan Street, Glasgow. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU- FACTURERS. Plans and Estimates free. August ii, 18S3.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 189 THK GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (Established 1841) CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC, REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS, REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOT ICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST, HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Special attention is given to the following subjects :— ALPINE PLANTS. ARBORETUM— The. BEDDING PLANTS. BEES. BOTANY. BULBOUS PLANTS. CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS. CONIFERS. DISEASES OF PLANTS. EVERGREENS. EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. FLORISTS' FLOWERS. FLOWER GARDENS. FORCING. FORESTRY. FRUIT CULTURE. GREENHOUSE PLANTS. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. KITCHEN GARDENING. LANDSCAPE GARDENING. LAWNS— LILIES. MACHINES. MANURES— Analyses of. MARKET GARDENING. NEPENTHES. ORCHIDS — including a com- plete List of those in culti- vation. PALMS. PLANTING. PLEASURE GROUNDS. POMOLOGY. POTATOS.— POULTRY. RHODODENDRONS. ROCKERIES. ROSES. SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES. STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS. SUCCULENT PLANTS. TOWN GARDENING. TRAINING. TRAVEL— Notes of. TREES — Deciduous and Ever- green. VEGETABLE CULTURE. VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY VINES. WALKS.— WALLS. WEATHER.— WEEDS. WINDOW GARDENING. WOODS, &c., &c., &c. Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., and Others. Among the Contributors to recent Volunfies may be mentioned :— ABBAV, Rev ANDERSON (J-) ANURfi(E.), Paris aNTOINE(F.), Vienna.. ATKINS (J.) ISADEN POWELL (H.) liADGER IE. W.) BAINES(T.) HAKER(G.) BAKER (J. G), F.R.S KALFOUR (Professor) .. nALL (J ), F.R.S r.ANCROFT(G.), M.D. IIARRON (A. F.), Chiswick . . liENNET (H.), M.D,, Mentone BENNETT (A. W.) llENNETr(G), M.D., Sydney liENTHAM (G.), F.R.S. BERGMAN (E). Paris .. l!ERKELEV(Rev. II. J). F.R.S. KLACKMORE (R. D.) .. BLAIR (T.). Shrubland Gardens BLOVV(r. B.) B01SSIER(E.), Geneva r.OSCAWEN (Hon. & Rev, J. T.) BOULGERCG. S.), F.L.S. BRIGHT (H. A.) BRITTEN Q.). British Museum BROWN (N. E) UULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden GUaseow UaRBIDGE (F. W.), Botanic Garden, Dublin CARUEL (Professor). Florence.. CASPARV(Prof.), Kcenigsberg . CLARKE (Col, TREVOR) CLARKE (C, B,), F.R.S. COBBOLD(T. S.), F,R,S, COLEMAN (W,), Eastnor Castle Gardens . . COOKE (M.C) COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) .. CORREVON (H ), Geneva COX (J.l, Redleaf Gardens ;REWE(Rev. H. H.) .. CROSSLING (R,). St. Fagan's Castle Gardens CROUCHER (J.) D ARWI N (the late Charles) . . DEAN (A,) DEAN (R.) Ul!,CAISNE(the late Prof.). Paris DE CANDOLLE (A ), Geneva.. DEHERAIN (Professor), Paris,. DOU(Rev. C, W.) DODWELL(E. S.) DOUGLAS 0-). Great Geaties, Ilford DOWNIEO,), Edinliurfih DRUDE (Professor), Dresden .. DUCH A RTRE (Professor). Paris DUTHIE(J. F,). Saharunpore,. DYER (BERNARD) DYER (Rev, T. F.) DYER (W, T. T,), F.R.S. EARLEY (W,) ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) .. Colfee-Ieaf Disease. Orchids, Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening, Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening, Garden Botany. Garden Botany. Alpine Plants. Queensland Correspondence Fruit Culture. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Australian Correspondence. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Diseases of Plants. Pomology. Practical Gardening. Bees. Garden Plants, Landscape Gardening, Vegetable Physiology, Notes from a Lancashire Plant Lore. [Garden. Garden Botany, Orchid Notes. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Garden Botany. Diseases of Plants. Practical Gardening. Fungi. Australian Correspondence. Alpine Plants. Practical Gardening. Garden Plants. Practical Gardening. Succulent Plants. Physiology of Plants. Practical (gardening. Floriculture, Garden botany. Garden Botany, &c. Vegetable Chemistry. Garden Plants, Florists' Flowers. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Chemical Analyses, Flower Lore, Garden Botany, Practical Gardening, Garden Botany. EICHLER (Professor), Director Imperial Botanic Garden, Berlin ELWES (H, J) ENGELMANN (G ), St. Louis.. EVERSHED (H.) EYLES(G,) FELLOWES(Rev. E) .. FENZI(E.), Florence .. FISH (D. T ), Hardwicke Gardens FISHER (Rev, O,) FITCH (W. H ). F.L.S, FLEMING (J), Cliveden Gardens FOSTER. Dr. M,, F.R.S. FROST (P.). Dropmore Gardens GIBSON (WM,) GILBERT (J, H.). F.RS. GLAISHER(J,). F R.S GRAY (Prof, ASA), Boston GREEN (Charles), Pendell Court GRIEVE (P,). Bury St, Edmunds GRINDON(LEO) HANBURY (T.), Mentone .. HART(J.). Jam.iica HEER (Professor O), Zurich , . HEMSLEY (W, B,) HENRY (I, ANDERSON) .. HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra HENSLOW(Rev. G.) .. HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.CS.I. HORNER (Rev, F. D.) HOWARD (J. E.), F.R.S. HUDSON O), Gunnersbury Gardens IM THURN (EVERARD), British Guiana INGRAM (W.). Belvoir Gardens JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum JOLY(C,). Paris KILLICK (L,), Maidstone KNIGHT (H,) KOLB (MAX), Munich KRELAGE(J. H.), Haarlem .. LANGE (Prof,), Copenhagen .. LAVALLfiE (ALPH.), Paris . . LEES (E,). F.L.S LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden Baden .. LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors LYNCH (R. I), Cambridge Botanic Garden MACLACHLAN (R,), F,R,S. .. MANGLES (J. H.), F,L,S, .. MARIES (C.) MARTINS (Prof.), Montpellier.. MAW (G.). F.L.S MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia ., MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin Gardens MICHIE (C. v.), CuUen House, Banff MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey Gardens , . . . . . , . MILLER (W.), Combe Abbey .. MONTEIRO(Chev.), Lisbon .. Foreign Correspondence, Garden Botany. Conifers. Garden Literature. Landscape Gardening. Roses, Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Roses. Illustrations. Practical Gardening. Plant Physiology. Practical Gardening. Town Gardenmg. Vegetable Chemistry. Meteorology. Garden Botany. Plant Culture. Practical Gardening, Garden Literature. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Garden Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Garden Botany. Florists' Flowers. Cinchonas. Flower Gardening. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Economic Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Fruit Culture. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. Tree Lore. Garden Plants. Foreign Correspondence, Garden Botany. Insects. Rhododendrons. Japan Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Crocus — Garden Plants. American Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence, MOORE (F.), Glasnevin Botanic Garden . . M O R R E N ( Professor), Lie'ge . . MORRIS (D.), Jamaica .. MUDD (C). Sjuth Africa MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.). Melbourne MURTON (H. J.), Siam NAUDIN(C.), Antibes .. NELSON (C. J), Orange Free State NESFIELD(MARKHAM) .. NICHOLSON (G,), Kew OLIVER (Capt, S.) OLIVEIRA (I, D'), Oporto OLLERHEAD (J,), Wimbledon Park Gardens .. ORMEROD(Mi5s) OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am- sterdam . . PAGET (Sir James) PAUL(WM.) PEAK E (A W.) PFITZER(Prof,), Heidelberg .. PH1L1PS(W.) PLANCHON (Prof,), Montpellier PLOWRlGHT(C.) PRESTO (H.), Trinidad.. PYNAERT(E,), Ghent .. REGEL (E,). St. Petersburg .. REICHENBACH (Professor) .. RIVERS (F.), Sawbridgeworth . . ROBINSON (J. F,) ROUIGAS. (E.), Ghent ., SARGENT (C. W.), Boston .. SAUL [M.). Stourton Gardens .. SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide SCHUBELER(Prof,). Christiana SHEPPARD (J,), Woolverston Gardens SIEMENS (Dr.), F.R.S. SMITH (A.). HySres .. SMITH (W. G). F.L.S. SORAUER (Prof,), Proskau SURINGAR (Professor). Leyden SWAN (W.), Fallowfield.. SYME (G. I.Jamaica THURBER (G), New York TIDMARSH, Graham's Town TODARO (Baron). Palermo TRIMENfH), Ceylon WALLIS (J, I. Keele Gardens ,, WARD (H, W), Longford Castle Gardens WARINGTON (R,) WATSON (SERENO) ,. WEBSTER U-). Gordon Castle Gardens . . WEIR(H.), Brenchley , WESTWOOD (Professor) WILDSMITH (W,), Heckfield Gardens . . WILSON (G. F.), F.R.S., WILSON (D.) WIPTMACK (Dr.). Berlin WOLKENSTEI N,St, Petersburg With many Practical Gardening, Foreign Correspondence, Colonial Notes. Colonial Notes. Australian Plants. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Landscape Gardening, Arboretum, Foreign Correspondence, Foreign Correspondence, Practical Gardening. Insects. Foreign Correspondence. •Diseases of Plants. Floriculture. Vegetable Chemistry. Orchids Fungi— Plant Diseases. Foreign Correspondence. Fungi— Plant Diseases. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Orchids. Fruit Culture. Bees. Foreign Correspondence. American Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening, Electric Light. Foreign Correspondence Illustrations — Fungi, Diseases of Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Orchid Culture. Colonial Notes. American Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Garden Botany. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Vegetable Chemistry. Garden Botany. Practical Gardening. Gardening for Amateius. Insects. Practical Gardening. Lilies, &c. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Cotxespondence, others. 1 90 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [August h, 1883. THE GARDENER^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Line cJiar^ed as two. 4 Lines B „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 ,. 11 „ 12 ., 13 „ 14 ., .{.o 7 6 15 Lines 16 „ 17 „ 18 „ 19 „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ {.0 8 0 9 0 9 0 10 0 10 0 11 0 11 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 13 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30^. Page £.^ o o Half Page 500 Column . . . . . . • • 3 5 o GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words i^. 6^., and f}d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the autJwrities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, ^s. each insertion. Advertiseme7its for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. AH Subscriptions payable In advance. The United Kingdom ; 12 Months, £,x gi, lod. ; 6 Months, x\s. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s. Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage, £i bs. tor 12 Months ; India and China, £,1 Zs. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C, to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. Ill ■ ^^ --^^m. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made »" materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCH EN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, ^~T^ as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES. FOUN 1 AINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design, F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c., from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies. Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles ir>great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L "v E il S~ AND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton orTruckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered du-ect from Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. TEN SILVER AWARDED MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-supermare, Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER 'TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quaUty, from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS, RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post- free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, xs. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SOWr, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by I2in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 2a in. by 18 in , in 16-oz. and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases. REGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER STAKES, 1 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINEES, 6 feet by 4 feet. is. td. each. SEED PROTECrORS, 3 feet long, 6 class reference as to character and ability. GARDENER (Head); age 30.— C. Blick, Foreman at Hayes Place Gardens, Hayc;, Beckenham, Kent, having had fourteen years' good practical experience in all branches of the profession, desires an engagement in the above capacity to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. Highly recommended by present and previous empIoyers.~C. BUCK, as above. /TJ-ARDENER (Head), where several men ^-^ are kepi) ; middle-aged, married, with only one child (a daughter, 10 years old) —George H. Richari^s, late Head Gaidener, Chetwynd Park, is at liberty to engage wiili any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical gar- dener. Has had extensive practice in Forcing all kinds of Fruits, Flowers (Orchids included), and Vegetables. Is very efhcient as Flower and Kitchen Gardener, and understands Land and Stock. Testimonials of the highest order. —Address to the care of James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester. GARDENER (Head); age 33, married, on^ boy (eight years).— T. Osman, for the last six years Head Gardener and Orchid Grower to the late R. B. Dodg^on, Esq , will be pleased to treat with any Nubleman or Gentleman requiring ihe services of a thorouehly practical Gardener. He IS well known to be a highly successful Grower and Exhibitor of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. ; is well versed m the Culture of Hi^h-class Fruits and the General Manage- ment of a large Establishment ; in proof of which the highest le.-^timoniak will be produced.— T. OSMAN, Wroxall Abbey Gardens, Hatton, near Warwick. ni ARDENER (He.\d, Working).— Age 28, V^ married ; thoroughly practical. 'I hree years' character. —A. S., Putney House, Putney, S.W. (^ARDENER (Head Working).— Middle- J^ aRed, mained, one son (age 12) ; thoroughly competent. Iwelve years character from present employer.— A. B Rlr _5urmaii, Florist, Witney, 0.xon. ' rj.ARDENER (Head), or ^IjRCHrD V--" . GROWER -Age 30, single: has had thirteen years" practica experience in some of the largest Collections of Orchids in England. -W, MAY, Selby Oak Institute, Selby Oak ifirmingham. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- iiANDEo).— Age 32, unmarried ; five years in last situa- tion.— W. M., J09, Pitsmoor Road, Pitsmoor, Sheffield. C:j.ARDENER.— Age 26, single; practical; -^ understands Vines, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character.— A. ALLWOOD, Brighton Place, Lodge Road, Harborne, near Birmingham. GARDENER.— Mr. Smith, Culford Gardens, Bury St. Edmund's, will be glad to recommend his Foreman, Charles Baker, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring tliij services of a thorouph good practical Gardener, of very steady and persevering habits. Has been with him three years, and can be well recommended, C^ ARDENER, good Single-handed or -^ otherwise. — Age 31, married, no family ; understands all branches, Vines, &c. Good ch.iracter. — X. Y., i6j Queen's Road West, Chislehurst, Kent. GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or Other- wise). — Age 27 ; fouitecn' years experience in all branches of Gardening. Seven years* gnod character. — A. P., 32, Garvan Road, Greyhound Road. Fulham New Town, W. GARDENER (Second), in a good establish- ment ; inside and out. Leaving for improvement, with excellent character. — HEAD GARDENER, The Gardens, Glenhurst, Esher, Surrey. GARDENER (UNDER, or SINGLE-HANDED). — Age 23; two years' reference. — G. L. , High Street, Chalvey, near Siough. GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). — Age 24 ; willing to be useful. Twelvemonths' good character. — A. B., 10, Hope Terrace, Ealing Dean, Middlesex. GARDENER (Under). — Age 22. Bothy preferred. References of the highest order. — J. PEGG, Royal Leamington Nurseries, Learning! m, Warwickshire. G :;.ARDENER (Under). —Age years in present situation. — G. HOWES, Hornchurch, near Romford. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's place. — Age 2f ; nearly two years' good character from last place.— J". W., Mrs. Ellis, Hayes. Bcckenham. Kent, /^ARDENER (Under), in a private estab- V_^ lishment. — Age 20 ; accustomed 10 Indoors and Kitchen Garden work, Pleasure Grounds, &c. Good character from last situation.— W. H , West End, Esher, Surrey. GARDENER (Tjnder), in a good establish- ment.—The Gardener, Burley Lodge, Newbury, Berks, can with confidence recommend a young man as above. Strictly steady and an excellent workman. GARDEN ER (Under), or JOURNEY- MAN, in the Houses.. — Age 22 ; eight years' experience ; two years* good character from present situation. — CHAS. SURMAN, High Street, Witney. Oxon. ('Z^^ARDENER (Under), or GARDEN V>* LABOURER.— Age 29 ; married, no family. Able and willing. Good references.— S. D., Mrs. Peckham, Dry Hill, Tunbridge, Kent. FOREMAN.— Age 25 ; thorough knowledge of Vines, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. First-class references. — F. BIBLE, Woodfield. Stevenage Herts. Tj^OREMAN, in a good establishment ; -L age 25 — Alfred ToMALiN can with confidence recom- mend a young man as above. Four years' good character from last situation.- The Gardens, Oakwood. Crayford, Kent. Ij^OREMAN.— W. Swan, Oakley, Fallow^ field, Manchester, will be glad to recommend a young man as above. Has a good general knowledge of the profes- sion. Excellent references.— Address as above, or T. LEWIS, Tynycoed, Arthog, Dolgelly. TpOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26, single ; -L understands Forcing, Propagating, Fruit and Plant Growing in all branches. Can be highly recommended from previous situation. State wages. &C.—C. DUMPER, Church Road, Highfield, Southampton. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, or GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. — Middle- aged ; thoroughly acquainted with Market Work in general, and a successful Grower ot Mignonette. Total abstainer.— W. T., 4, Edith Villas, Raynham Road, Edmonton. IVfURSERY FOREMAN.— Good experience -^^ in Management of Glass and Men. Sober, industrious honest. Good references —FOSTER, g. Ryder Terrace, Amyand Park, Twickenham, Middlesex. URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 30 ; sixteen years' practical experience in all branches, bjth Indcor and Out, in London and Provincial Nurseries. First-cta.ss testimonials. — FOREMAN, 2, Thatched Cottage, Eaton Park Norvnch. GENERAL FOREMAN, or GROWErT^ Age 34 ; well up in all branches Inside and Out, Wreaths, Bouquets, :)eedi, Decorating, &c. Good reference. — F., Mid- Surrey Nurseries, Benhill Street, Sutton, Surrey. ROPAGATOR and FOREMAnIindoor), Cut Flower and General Nursery Work.— Age 30, mirried. English experience. References excellent. — ALPHA, 22, Friars' Walk, Cork. To Nuxseirmen. PROPAGATOR, or FOREMAN and PRO- PAGATOR of Fruits, Roses. Conifers, Shrubs ; great success in the Propagation and Growing of above. Long expe- rience ; first-class reference. —T. GOUGH, Bozward Street, St. John's, Worcester. PrIdI^GATOR, or PROPAGATOR and foreman.— Middk-.aged; experienced.— R. WORK- MAN, 10, Boone Street, Lee, S.E. To NnrBsrymen NURSERY MANAGER.— The Advertiser is open to an engagement as above ; has had twenty- five years' practic.il experience, and possesses the highest references ; would take the Management of Glass, Herbaceous, and Alpine Degnrtment (in which he is well up) in a large concern — R. B. \V., 16, Market Place, Kendal. NURSERY MANAGER~or FOREMAN.— Thorough good Propagator and Plantsman ; experienced in Decorating, Bouquet Wuik, and all branches of the trade. First-class testimonials. — A. HLMSLEV, Knowefield Nur- series, Carlisle. ROPAGATOR, in a Nursery. — Single ; good experience. Can be well recommended. Perma- riCQcy required. — C. S., Lington House, East Moltsey, Surrey. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Soft-wooded).— Age 40 ; well up in Growing Piants and Flowers for Market. Good Rose Rudder. Three years' character. — A., Rose Cottage, Maindee, Newport, Mon. OURNEYMAN (First), in a good estab- lishment.— Age 23 ; good references from past and present place. Total abstainer. Bothy preferred. — G. H., High Leigh Gardens, Hoddesdon, Herts. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24 ; seven years* experience. Two years' good character. — J, R., 3, Clementhorpe. York. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good t) establishment,— Age 22; two years' good character.— E. B , The Cottage, Church Row, Chislehurst, Kent. TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— ^ Age 21 ; seven years' experience in good situations. Can be well recommended.— E. SMITH, Thorpe, Tamworth, Staffordshire. TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— t/ Age 21 : six years" first-class character from Shioley Hall Gardens, Derby, and Keele Hall Gardens, Staffordshire. Bothy preferred.— J. BURROWS, Maperley, near Derby. To Gentlemen's Gardeners. IMPROVER, in a gooii establishment.— Age 16.— J. A., Wellington Nursery, St. John's Wood, N.W. TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- -*■ man's Garden. — Age 19 ; five years' experience. Small Premium given — H.W. HERMOSA, Middle Woodfield Road, Torquay. TMPROVER, in a good establishment, in the -A- Houses.— Age ?o ; five years' experience. Indoors and Out. Good character. Premium ^5. Please state wages and par- ticulars. — LEWIS DEIGHTON. Shopwhyke House, near Chichester. O GENTLEMEN and GROWERS for MARKET. — Mr. W. Cale can recommend a thoroughly competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Large Piace, and Grow for Market. Fruit, Tomavos, Cucumbers, Orchids, and Plants for Cut Flowers, &c.— 4, Tavistock Row. Covent Garden. W.C. * O NURSEYMEN and SEEDSMEN.— A Gentleman (age 38). with first-clasi references, is in want of a situation. Could Manage a Business.- A. B., Mr. Homer, 6, Broad Street, Biimingham. nnO HEAD GARDENERS.~A young man -* (a^e 21) requires a situation under a Head Gardener. Seven years' character in present situation. — SEYMOUR CHAPMAN, Ravenfield Park. Rotherham. 'PO SEEDSMEN.— A young man desires a J- situation in the Seed business; four years' experience- good references —A. MALVERN. Mr. Clare, Cotswold Seed Warehouse, Cheltenham •yO SEEDSMEN.-ANurseryman is desirous -L of placing his son (nearly 16), who has received a good education, with a good Rtlail Seed Firm, in order to Learn the Seed Trade in detail, and to reside with the proprietor. A fair Premium for a suitable engagement would be readily agreed to. Address letter with particulars to G. J., care of Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E. SHOPMAN.— Age 25 ; thorough experience in all branches of the trade. Good references.— A. B. 44, London Road, Nottingham. ' SPIOPMAN.- Age 23; welluplnThe Retail Seed and Bulb Trade ; eight years* experience. Highly recommended.— A. B., 3, Park Terrace, Cavendish Road, Balham, S.W. SHOPMAN, &c.— Age 24 ; several years' experience in various branches of the Seed Trade ; also Bouquets. Wreaths, &c., and Fruits. Good references', and satisfactory reasons for leaving present situation.— C. S. W., 158, Stricklandgate, Kendal. irrOLLOWAY'SOINTMKNTand PILLS.— J-J- Sudden changes of temperature sorely try all persons prone to Rheumatism. Sciatica, Tic Doloreux. and muny similar maladies scarcely less painful, though of shorter duration. On the first attack of siiffoess or suffering in any muscle, joint, or nerve, recourse should immediately be had to fomenting the seat of disease with hot brine and rubbing in this remarkable Ointment, which will assuage the uneasiness of the part, subdue infliinmation, and reduce the swelling. The Pills, simullareously taktn, will rectify constitutirnal disturbances and renew the stiength. No remedy heretofore discovered has proved so effective as the Ointment and Pills for removing Gouty, Rheu- matic, and Scrofulous attacks, which afflict all ages, and are commonly called hereditary. Cure of Asthma of Twenty Years' Standing by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS. — From Mr, Ward, Stationer, &c.. Market Place. Heck- mondwike :— "One person in Liversedge, James Rich.irdson, who has been an asthmatical man for twenty years, declares that they are worth £,\ a box (using his own words). He feels quite a new man through this truly valuable medicine." They instantly relieve and rapidly cure Asthma, Consumption, Coughs, Bronchitis, Colds, Gout, Rheumatism, and all Nervous Complaints. Th?y taste pleasantly. Sold by all Druggists at ■ir. \%d, and 2S. qd. per box. 192 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August ir, 18831 The Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposesi Illustrated CATALOGUE, \d,th edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Gold and Silver Medals, also Special Certificate, Awarded May 22, 1883. Patent Reliance Eotary Valves. Price IS. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE. By WILLIAM EARLEY. Fourth Edition. Price is. ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By rev. O. fisher. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS of every description con- "~ structed, erected, fitted, mf" " -"" — i^J— ^i6^lli^te---t and heated. r — I — r _Da UlEyilT.H.P.DennisiCo., rO Mansion House Buildings, ^ London, EC. Works : Chelmsford. Crown Zvo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price ^s. 6d. HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES. By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth. Price 7^ MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Puhlisher," at the Office, 41, Wellingion Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C Printed by WillIaM Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradpurv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in ihe County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, August 11, 1883. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinbureh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. e0tal)list)eti 1841. No. 503.— Vol. X X. { ser^.L } SATURDAY, AUGUST 18, 1883. { Registered at the General ) Price 6d. Post-office 35 a Newspaper, j"posT-FREE, s{J. CONTENTS. Annuals 2t4 Orchids, list of garden .. Bees and Monk's-hood .. 213 OteleyPark Begonias, luberoiis an P.traguay, useful plants Campanula Tommastni 212 m Candvtiifts iq8 Pea Laxton's Standard .. Cindytiift. a new 210 Peas, new garden Chii-eau de Gonville 199 Peaches and Nectarines Cephalonia, the vegeia- Peristeria ephippiuni lion of . . 217 Pt.tnt and fruit house .. Chrysanthemum corym- Plants and ihtir culture bosum .. 2CO „ hardy Clematis Jackmanni 210 ,, in flower Cosbxa coccinea . . 2 to ,, new garden Cranberries 214 Potato crop, the . . Dahlias at South Ken- Raspberry, the hybrid .. sington 208 Rhaponticum cynarioides Dasylirion glaucum 210 Rose Queen of Queens Flower shows, successful 208 Shipley Hall .. Fruit ctops in Mid- Sol), poisoned lothian . . 213 Societies : — Fruit Notes 206 Atheistone Horticul- Fangi. yeast 2ori tural Gladioli, new varieties of 210 Royal Horticultural . . Hedychium coronarium 2jrt Scottish Hotticuhural Herbaceous border Stratton Park Kitchen garden .. 205 Sweet Pea, a new Lilium auratum .. 214 Tarquin and his Lilies . . Lycaste Smeeana 198 Turnips Melons and Cucumbers.. 207 Veitchia Joannis .. Mignonette 210 Veronica parviflora Moot, the 200 Viguiera ngida Novelties 24 Virginia Water .. Odontoglossom velleum ir,8 Wenher. the Onions, Continental 215 Wild flowers at shows . . Orchid notes 2C6 Wild plants near Bristol Orchids, British . . 202 Yeast fungi ILLUSTF JVTIONS. Armeria cephalotes var. braolea ta Chrysanthemum corymbo Veitchia Joannis 904 216 215 2n 503 21 7 joS aio 2-7 205 199 214 2tl 208 211 208 214 210 205 211 211 216 21S 208 201 203 213 90t 209 NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should now be made jiayable at DRURY LANE. Now Beady, In clotb, I6s., 7"//£ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- VolumeXIX., JANUARY to JUNE, 1883. W. RICHARDS, 4t. Wellinatcn Street, Strand, W.C. R Y S T A L PALACE. GREAT ANNUAL FRUIT and DAHLIA SHOW, FRIDAY and SATURDAY, August 31 and September i. Schedules on application to W. G. HEAD. Garden Superintendent. ALNE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— In connection with the ANNUAL SHOW of thi\ SOCIETY, held in Bowood Park, on AUGUST 23, there w.ll be a GRAND ROSE SHOW. when, amongst other PKIZEf, a FIVE POUND CUP will be oflercd for competition. ^or Schedules and all particulars apply to FRED. C. HENLY, HERBERT J. HARRI.":, • Hon. S cs. SANDY and DISTRICT FLORAL and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV.-Open Show.-The FIFTEENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of Fl.OWERS. FRUIT, VEGETABLES. CAGE BIRDS. POULTRY aid PIGEONS, will he held at Sandy. Bedfordshire, on FRIDAY. August 31. Prizes ONE HUNDRED and SEVENTY POUNDS. Ten Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Flower— ist prize, £,\Q\ 2d prize, ;£6. Schedules on application to WILLIAM GREEN, Secretary, Sandy. THE INTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE, Sydenham. S.E . on SEPTEMBER 13 and t4, when PRIZES amounting to ONE HUNDKEDand FORTY POUNDS will be otTered. For Schedules apply to P. J. McKINLAY, Headley Lodge. Perge, S.E. In the Hlgli Court of Justice, Chancery Division.^ Mr. JusTlcp. Chittv, In the Matter of the Companies Acts, 1862 and 1867. and In the Matter of the General Horticultural Company (John Wills), Limited. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that Mr. Justice Chitty has fi-ved WEDNESDAY, the 32d day of August. 1S83, at i2.3orM, at the Chambers of the Vice-chancellor Bacon, Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, Middlesex, as the time and place for the app:)intment of an Official Liquidator of the above named Company. Dated this gth day of August. 1883. JOHN WM. HAWKINS, Chief Clerk. A. TOOVEY, 18, Orchard Street, Porlman Square, W., Solicitor. Double White Sweet Scented ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, ^i per icoo. Apply to T. MILLS, Market Gdrdencr, Chiswick, Middlesex. N' fNLAND PARCELS POST. s UTTONS' SEEDS BY )ARCELS POST. OEED ORDERS EXECUTED QAME DAY as received by aUTTON AND SONS, READING. For Early Flowering In Spring Sow now ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES.— Assortment of 18 splendid varieties, containing each one packet, zr. kd. \ Fancy, choicest mixed from named flowers, per oz. Sr., per packet 6d. ; Show, choicest mixed from named flowers, per oz. 5r., per packet 6(/. Carefully saved from named Exhibition flowers, lo-.o seeds 2r , per packet iid. GIGANTIC-FLOWERED PRIZE VARIETIES, remark- able for the large flowers they produce, icoo seeds 85., per packet i^. My Pansies gave full satisfaction to all my honourable Cus- tomers, and rst prizes awarded wherever exhibited. Full Trade CATALOGUE post-free on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. OUILEGIA GLANDULOSA (Origor's Variety).— 10,000 to offer. Plants to bloom next spring, 15J. per 100 ; smaller, 105. Seed, just collected, zr. ^d. and IS. per packet. Usual discount to the Trade. R, AND A. MORRISO.^. The Nurseries. Elgin. REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c., in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these plants being in pots, may be moved now. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63. Tea Roaes-Tea Roses. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full particulars on .ipplicaiion to The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, oflTer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS. single and double; PVRETHRUMS. single and double ; PHLOXtSaod TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED. CATALOGUES gratis and post-free. Hyacinths. Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post- free on application. RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket • CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials. Post-free on application. chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston. Birmingham. Lselia purpurata WF. COFF, 203, Upper Street, Islington, • N., offers good pieces ot LyELfA PURPURATA. 51. each ; a itw hui dreds, !>maller, at r2j. per dozen. To the Horticultural Trade and others. WILLIAM DEN MAN, HORTICULTURAL Agent. Covent Garden, W C.. will be phased to receive Commissions from Continental and Provincial Nursery- mtn and others, in any matters connected with Horticulture. Large quaniides of LILY of the VALLEY. SPIRAEAS, Palms, and numerous other stock, to offer at low prices. Special offers on application. ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM^ Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market^ W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied. Terms and references on application. ANTED, CUTTINGS of the following PELARGONIUMS :-Robt. Fish, Mrs. Wright. Hemi Jacoby, Newland's Mary. White Clipper. Amaranth, and Mad. Chas. K,",nig, D chess of Bedford and Duchess of Edinburgh, Price per 100 to CHAS. BENNETT, Besborough, Cork. ANTED, CUTTINGS ofVesuvius,Silver- leaved, Pink, White, Tricolor, and Bronze GE RAN I- NiUMS. State lowest price per too to The MANAGER, The Nurseries, New Beckenham, Kent. WANTED, 600 5-inch and 400 6-inch FLOWER POTS, rough make, for market purpcses. Delivered free for cash to Troon Station, Ayrshire. PETER COCKBURN. The Gardens Batassie. ANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES, PINES, MELONS, GRAPES, TOMATOS, &c. Also EUCHARlS.Marechal Niel ROSES. ORCHIDS. &c WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden. 1 )ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS. PARCELS POST.- Carriage free. -CARTERS' SEEDS PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-office now open. ARCELS POST.— CARTERS'^PEcTaL VANS aiid TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly duritg the day to the Post-office. "pARLY FORCING BULBS. TAMES CARTER AND CO. have RE O CEIVED THEIR FIRST CONSIGNMENTS ofth above in splendid condition. See Advertisement on page 197. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Commar^d to H.R H the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. N Double Waite Sweet Scented ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE tooo. Apply to li per T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex, IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb- ing and bedding, from xis. to 241. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. PINES. — To be sold, cheap, good clean stock including Queens, Jamaicas, smooth-leaved Cayennes and C. Rothschilds— 4^4 dozen Fruttiog, 5 dozen Successions 12 months old. and 6 dozen suckers 6 months old. Apply to Mr. JOHNSTON, The Gardens. West Lavant. Chichester. OINSETTIA PULCHEKRIMA, at 20j. per 100, ;£8 per looo : now ready for 48's. SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex. DIANTU'm GRACILLIMUM, very large plants, in 24-pots. full of matured fronds, for furnishing or to cut from. ^or. per dozen ; cheaper per hundred. T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, Der.ingham, Norfolk. Now In Full Bloom. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS O BEGONIAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors. Railway Stations— Catford Bridge. 5 minutes' walk : Forest Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest Hill. Boses on Onn Roots. REINE MARIE HENRIETTE, NIPHETOS, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE DOR,&c. Strong plants, 12 to 15 inches high. 71. per dozen, or 4 for ar. kd.^ carriage paid. MAIRIS AND CO., Wcston-in-Gordano, Bristol. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, Sc. CG. VAN TUBERGhN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and may be had 00 application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, S.ivage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London. E.C. Dutch Bulbs at Wholesale Prices. BEFORE PURCHASING YOUR BULBS send for my PRICE LIST of Maiket Varieties of TULIPS and HYACINTHS. Over a Quiiter of a Million Bulbs now in stock, and fur Quality and Cheapness not to be surpassed. GEORGE POULTON, Fountain Nursery, Angel Road, Edmonton. FECIAL INVITATION.— Our Nurseries bting noiv at their best, are open to all who may be interested in the cultivation of Fruit Trees and Roses. The journey from London is an easy one, by the Great Eastern Railway to the Harlow or Sawbridgewonh Station. THOMAS RIVERb anu SON". Sawbrtrtgew-rih. Herts. HITE CLOVES for FORCING.— loooo of tte Hybrid White Clove (Mrs. Sinking), large, bushy stuff, i-\r. old, transplanted, ts.. 9;., and \ts. per dozen. The Trade supplied. Cash 1 r suitable txchange. W. NEALE.Taplow. Bucks. East Lothian Intermediate Stocks. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS beg to tffer their choice strain of the above, in four colouts, viz.. Scarlet, Purple, While, and Crimson, at li. , 2i. hd , and 5*. each colour. Price to the Trade on application. 15. Princes Sueet, Edinburgh. TRAWBEKRIES,— We are now prepared to supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in pots, of all the most approved kinds. A seUct descriptive LIST post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge- worth, Herts. S^TRAWBERRvTRUNNERS.^rom Twenty Choice Varieties, Price LIST on application. Sample box of plants with fruit, ii,d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6mer, Esq , M.P., 8, St- James' Street, S.W. Mr. James, Norwood. Treasurer.— Til. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., \h&Ga7-der.en'' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellinston Street, Strand, W.C. Secretary. — Mr. James O'Brien. Harrow-on-the-Hill, to wli. m all commui.ications should be addressed. Subscriptions since those acknowledged, A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Hackbridge .. ..£,2 2 o Mr, H. Hurrell, ihe Dell Gardens, Staines .. ..050 Mr. Hold way .. .. .. ..050 Mr. PittSj Berry Hill 050 Mr. Earr 050 Mr. Rowles .. 050 Mr. Gray 050 Mr. Dickson, Covent Garden .. .- .. .. o 10 o Mr. T. Shields, Birmingham .. .. .. ..050 Mr, Cooper, Birmingham .. .. .. .. ..050 Intending subscribers are requested to send in their names to the Stcretary as soon as possible, as the list will be closed early in September. To the Trade only. EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery- • iiiEN, i-EEDSMEN, and FLORISTS, Haarlem, Holland. The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 361A) of Dutch Flower Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Pia:iii-; for 1E83-S4 is now r^ady, and may be had free on prepaid application by Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen. Dutch and Other Bulbs. TOHN DOWNIE ^ (late DowKiE & Laird). 144, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH, begs to inform his Friends that he has received his First Consign- ment of Buibs, which are in 6ne condition, and will be ( ffcred at moderate piices. CATALOGUES forwarded on application. Carriage Free. Just to hmd. — Plant now -^Early Winter White Flowers. Splendid quality. SINGLE WHITE ROiVIAN HYACINTHS, which will produce 3 to 6 ipikes per bulb, -zts. per ioo, 3s. per dczen (not ihe puny Italian so largely distributed). PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, charming artd useful companion to preceding, 12^. 6rf. per ico, as. per dozen. The early consignments are always the ficest. Apply at once. GEO. P. DARBY, Importer, Hertfordshire Seed and Plant Establishment. Watford, Herts. To the Trade. BA U M F O RT H'S SEEDLING RAS P BE RR Y. Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on appHcaiion. EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull. SPIR^A JAPONICA, strong Clumps for forcing, 15J. per loo, ;£6 per looo. ROSES, Standards, HalT-standards, and Dwarfs, in first-class varieties. Hardy Ghent MOLLIS and Indian AZALEAS and RHODODENDRONS, in splendid collections of the most showy sorts, and strong plants with buds. Will supply the above named articles in quantity in the ne\t season, at the lowest prices. Price on applicalioD. Applyto ED. P.\RRfi, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium. BULB SEASON, 1883. GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others, by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may ob ain the FINES r BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES. Wri'e for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED, and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and So, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.C. Palmg. ARECA LUTESCENS.— This year's Seed- lings, 20J. per ico, CEROXYL-ON NiVEUM.— j-yr. strong plants, lio to I'i per 100, CATALOGUES ol PALMS on application. SEEMANNandGOEPEL, Wandsbek. Hamburgh, Germany. BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING RASPBERRY. From the great reputation this New Rasp- berry has attained for size, quality, -and heavy cropping, I fully anticipate again a very large demand for Canes. I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to secure a supply. PKICES :- Planting Canes 25^-. per 100 Fruiting Canes, extra strong 35.?. per 100 Special Prices to tlie Trade on application. EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, SEED MERCHANT and NURSERYMAN, HULI/. August i8, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 195 THE GARDEN CROPS of 1883, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, ROOTS, &c. The Gardeners' Magazine Of SATURDAY, August 2^,, will contain copious Reports and Summaries of the Fruit, Vegetable, and Root Crops of 1883, with Selected Lists of the Best Varieties for the various Soils and Climates of Great Britain. Published every Saturday, price 2d. ; Annual Subscription, lis. 6d., Post-free. Specimen Copy, Post-free, 2!d. 0FFICE:-4, AVE MARIA LANE, LONDON, E.G.; AND SOLD AT ALL NEWS AGENTS AND BOOKSTALLS. JOHNSON BROTHERS 8c CO. (limited), ..&^. 6, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W. '^^j Builders of Conservatories and all descriptions of Hothouses and Roofs, in Iron and Wood, or a combination of both, ON THEIR PATENT SYSTEM, "WITHOUT PUTTY, or, with Putty, in the ordinary way, if preferred. Corrugated Iron Structures for all Purposes. Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost. HEATING by HOT WATER, on the best Principles. W ARNE R'S PATENT ANNULAR SAIL AND STAR WINDMILLS, Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c. Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c. WARNER'S WINDMILLS Are at Work in every part of the World. WARNER'S WINDMILLS Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made. Price Lists, Testimonial?, and ] Catalogues on application. J p„' _ including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, ^QR r I lUCj complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, ^fC-sJ Prices of larger sizes for Pianpijig, Grinding, Fartn and Mill Work in proportion. J. WARNER & SONS I cEil?!IS. 1X^.0 HOETIOULTUEAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED. WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &0. •isa:^. jiH^ - .-i5 JAMES BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS and HEATING ENGINEERS PAISLEY. LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall MaU, S W 4 v^^ "*^™-^-_ O z; o o FOREST TREES, SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED. ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and BHOBODENDBONS. Inspection invited. Special prices on application. LITTLE & BALLANTYNE, KNOWEFIELD NURSERIES. CARLISLE. -WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS Of EVERY DESCRIPTION. TEA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands to offer, clean, healthy, and full of buds, including afine lot of Matechal Niel and Niphetos—the latter in several sizes. Prices on application. F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Farn- boroufih Station. P" R I MU LAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO- LARI AS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans- planted Seedlings, at Zs. per loo, 70J. per 1000. package and carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Marechal Niel and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots. at 6cs. per 100. T. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. i,d. per bushel ; too for -j^s : truck (loose, about 2 tons) 40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, is. td. er sacic ; 5 sacks, 25J ; sacks, ^d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks sji. sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. gif. per bushel ; 151. per half ton, ■i^s. per ton : in 2 bushel bacs, i^d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOUI.U. IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. Ss. 6i. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c, Wnie for Free Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 51, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at \s. yi. each, or 15 sacks. i8s. ; 30 sacks, L^ 55., sacks included. Ttuck-load, loose, 3"J. : fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail. Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab- Uhed 1S72-J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard, and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W. 12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality tor Oichids. Stove Plants, &c.. {,(, 6j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths. American Plant Beds, isr. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s ; 5 Bags. 221. 6rf. ; to Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj. 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52s. per Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, ^Js per Truck of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 251. per Truck of 6 tons. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. SILVER MEOil-ISn. BRONZE MEDAL-ISei. To His Royal Highness the Pruice of Wales. For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits Use CHUBB, ROUND AND CO.'s Patent COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS, As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal Nurseries of Europe. Guaranteed Ab-?olutely Pure. Free from anv Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises from the tamous '' Lagima " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused wUh so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Penny, Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar- dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ; in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs, Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c. BESTBOYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS. An eh'sant Bordering to Fltnver Beds. Combines waj mih and cleatilhtess with valuable antiseptic and deodorising properties. Moistens im Heat. Holds Hhat in Cold Weather. Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows :— Sacks 15. 6(/. each; 10 sacks, 13J- ; 15 sacks, \%s. \ 20 sacks, 23J. 30 sacks. 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2, Limited quantities of P. M SPECIAL QUALITY. Gtanulated, in sacks only, -zs. 6d. each (iwo Prize Medals). Valuable for Potting and use in Conservatory.— Only orders accnmpanied by remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imiia- tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the Manufacturers, CHUBB, ROUND & CO., Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E. REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and fine on rail at js. 6d. per ton — not less than 4-ton trucks. Terms cash.-Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate. 196 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [A.OGUST 18, 1883. STRAWBERRIES NEXT SUMMER, by Planting now : Capital Roots, 4s. per 100. IN A FEW MONTHS, by Forcing: Plants in Pots, 163. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered. DESCRIPTIVE LIST ON APPLICATION. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. FERNS A SPECIALITY. EXOTIC and BBITI3H FERNS and SELAGINELLAS, Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivalion, for OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense number and vinety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (price 6ii.) contains much useful information as well as " Hinls on Fern Cultute." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had FREE on application. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. AMERICAN SEEDS. Sg'^- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale or Retail. SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden, PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS, PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES, WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO, OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS, BOOKS, &c. All offered by the oldest and ever the tiwst extensive Seed Farmers in America. Founded In 1784. ADDRESS .— LANDRETH «fc SONS, PHILADELPHIA. NOTICE TO THE TRADE. MESSRS. GREGORY & EVANS beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally, that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEIMALIS, in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other varieties in proportion. Inspection Invited. LONG LANDS NURSERY, SIUCUP, AND AT LEE, 5.E. ROSES IN POTS, All the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from \%s. to 36j-. per dozen. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. ABC BULB GUIDE. The present season's edition of the above is in the printer's hands, and will be issued in a few days, when it will be duly posted to all Customers, and may be had Gratis and Post- free upon application. THOMAS S. "WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS. DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS. Tames Veitch & Sons •^ PPr. Tn ANNnnNTE THF.Y HAVE RECEIVED THEIR CSUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF nFG TO ANNOUNXE THF.Y HAVE RECEIVED THEIR CSUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING, and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery. BULB CATALOGUE for 1S83, Illttstrated with upwards of do Woodcuts, is now ready, and mill be forwarded Post-free on application. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING. TRIFOLIUM INOARNATUM, WINTER RAPE, RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES, ITALIAN RYE-6RA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, Ac. Samples and Qtiotations on applicatio7i. THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), 106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E. To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Florists. IF YOU WANT CHEAP GREENHOUSES, PITS, FRAMES, &,c., APPLY TO ^W. C. SIMMONDS, 62, DYNEVOR ROAD, STOKE NEWINGTON, LONDON, N. Can be highly recommended by Messrs. HUGH Low & Co., for luliom he has recently completed 135,495//. super of Glass Erections at their Nurseries, Clapton, and Bush Hill Park, near Enfield. Gentlemen can find their own materials, W. C. S. finding labour only, or lie will supply botli If required. In either case entire satisfaction may be relied on, as the work would be under the personal superintendence of W. C. S., who is thoroughly acquainted with the Trade, having been practically engaged in it twenty-six years. R, HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ' ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries. Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, fee, constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class ol worK, and that the vrry best. . . „ . , l - . r * r <:,«. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our hrm, from the smallest to the large t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and succe.ss guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &o., always m stock. Finns. Esthimlcs and Catalogue! free. Customers mailed on in any fart oftlu: Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — . . , « MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GftRDEN OPERATIONS, Price 3d., Post Free 3|d. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. August i8, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 197 ifc FORCING BULBS PLANT AT ONCK TO ENSURE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS. Carters' Early White Roman Hyacinths, The Best In the Market. 12 Fine Hulbs post-free 31. c''. 24 Fine Fulbs .. post-free 6a\ id. 50 Fine liulbs . . . . . . . . post-free 1 1^. od. ICO Fine Bulbs post-free 2ijr. cd. Carters' Early Blue Roman Hyacinths. 12 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. pobt-free \s, id ■i\ Fine Ru'bs .. .. .. .. post-free jr. n/. 50 P'lne Bulbs .. .. .. post-free ^s. tif. loo Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free los, td. Carters' Early Rose Parisian Hyacinths, 12 Fine Bulbs .. .. ,. .. post-free 2^. od. 24 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free ^s. cd. 50 Fine Bulbs .. .. ,. post-free 8j. od. ICO Fine Bulbs .. .. .. post-free 15J. od. Carters' Early Paper White Narcissus. 12 Fine Bulbs .. post-free is od. 24 Fine Buibi .. .. ,. ., post-frse 4J. od. 50 Fine Bulbs ,, .. .. .. post-free 71, cd. 100 Fine Bulbs ,. post-free I2j. td. Carters' Farly Double Roman Narcissus. 13 Fine Bulbs post-free is. 6d. 24 Fine Bulbs .. post-free 5^. cd. 50 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 85. td. loa Fine Bulbs .. .. .. . post-free 15J. od. Carters' Extia Large Snowdrops. 100 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. ., post-free 31. 6d. SO Fine Bulbs . . post-free 2^. od. Note. — These Prices a'e not binding after the publica- tion of our Catalogue of Bulbs. The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Free by Post or BalL JAMES DICKSON and SONS offer selected stocks o^ the following : — CABBAGE, Dickson's Nonsuch, is. per ounce. ,, Eltam's Early Dwarf, is. per packet. ,, Early Kainham, ^d. per ounce. ,. Improved Nonpareil, 81/. pet ounce. CAULIKl OWER. Improved Early London, 15. 6d. per ounce. CUCUMBER, kolhsson's Telecraph, 2i 6d. per packet. LETTUCE, Dickson's Hardy Winter Cabbage, is. per packet. ,, Hardy White Cos, is. ^d. per ounce. ONION, Giant Rocca Tripoli, ivd. per ounce. ,. Red and White Italian Tripoli, each, icaf, per ounce. Also choice strains of CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, GLOXINIA (erect and drooping varieties), PRIMULA SI- NENSIS FIMBRIATA (red. white, or mixed), in \s. 6d., 2T. ed.. and 5s. packets ; and all other VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS for present or later sowing. 108, Eastgate Street, Chester. BMALLER begs to make his Annual • Trade Offer of his very extensive and extra well-grown stock of : — ERICAS (Hyemalis. and other varieties), EPACRI?^. GENISTAS, CVCLAMEN, EOUVARDIAS, ADIAN'f UM GUNEATUM and other FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES in pots, &C. An inspection is invited. Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on application. The Annual SALE by AUCTION will be held in SEPTEMBER. Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E. PAPAVER UMBROSUM, fine new purple Seed, (}d. per packet, post-free jd. One packet each umbrosum, Flag of Truce, white as a snowball, and Indian Banner, vivid scarlet, both very double, is. 2d. post-free. THOMAS BUNYARD, Ashford. Kent. ALEXIS DALLIERE, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium, has a large quantity of his Special Cultures for disposal this season, such as : — Azalea indica. Azalea mollis. Camellias, Rhododendrons, Bouvardia Alfred Neuner, the whole well budded ; also Also- phila australis, Aspidistra fol. var , Araucaiia excelsa, Cy boiium princeps, Drac^na tetminalis, and other sorts ; Lalania boi bonica, Corypha australis, Phcenix rechnata and tenuis, Seaforthia elcgans, Piychosperma Alexandia:, Ficus elasticn, Spiraea (Hoteia) japonica, v^ry stiong. The whole in well cultivated planis. Prices and sizes of plants will be imm-diately sent on application. SUTTONS' COLLECTIONS OF BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING, including I'^arly Roman Hyacinths, Double Roman Narcitsus, Paper- White Narcissus, Snowdrops, Crocus, Jonquils, Due \'an Thol Tulips, Scillas, &c., 43s,, 31s. 6d., 213., and 10s. 6d. each, ROMAN HYACINTHS fjr FORCING, Sjugle White Sii.gle Blue per dozen, 31. 6d. : per ico. 25J. per dozen, ss. od. ; per too, 14J. EARLY NARCISSUS for FORCING. Double Roman Paper-White . . ptr dozen. 2S. 6d. ; per 100, 171. 6d. per dozen, 2s. cd. ; per 100, 145. cd. For full Particulars of SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS SEIC SuTTONS' Autumn Catalogue. GR.-iriS AND POST-FREE. iiifcnv/firU; THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. T( Eoae Nursery. Late J, B. Guillot, Sen. — Established in 1837. ROSES THE GREAT SPECIALITY. OSEPH SCHWARTZ, Rose Grower, t) Route de Vienne. 7, ii la Guillotiere. Lyon, has to offer NEW ROSFS, obiained from Seed at his Eslablithment, and which will be sent out on November 1 next : — HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES. COLONEL FELIX BRETON.— Vigorous shrub, having the appearance of Charles Leiebvre. Large flower, full, petals regu'arly imbricated, velvety red-garnet— exierior petaU shining velvety pale amaranth, the underside dull amaranth. Entirely new colour, MONS. BENOIT COMTE.— Very vigorous shrub, having the appearance of Alfred Colomb. Flower large, full, globular, in the form of a cup, hritliant poppy-red, shaded vermilion in the interior, exterior of petals poppy-red, covered with a plum- like bloom. Remarkable for the brightness and beauty of its colour. MOVS. FRANCISQUE RIVE. —Very vigorous plant, somewhat like Marie Baumann. Very large, full, well-formed flowers, bright cherry-red. shaded carmine ; petals concave, underside y'aucescent. Very fragrant. A successional bloomer. PRESIDENT SENE'AR.-Very vigorous shrub, of pecu- liar appearance. Large flower full, deep cherry-red. sparkling velvety tinge, passing to purple-shaded cinnabar. Magnificent variety. SECRETAIRE J. NICOLAS- — Very vigorous La'ge full flower, well shaped, Elobu'ar, of a beautiful dull purple red. bright velvety tinge ; rtvcr-e of petals pale plum-coloured amarai.th. Very fraerant. Has a grand effect. Free fl iwerer. ROSA POLYANTHA or MULTIFLORA {Dwarf Climber) JEANNE DKIVON. — Veiyperpetual flowering shrub. Flowers in corymbs, very double, somewhat resembling those of the Camellia IJa'sam. large (relatively) for the eenus, white edged, and sh.Tdtd ro^e ; the reverse of the petals white. Colour unijue. Plant very distinct from the varieties of the same group now in commerce. Suitable fir groups. Extra variety. These Novelties have this year ob'ained the foUowmg awards : — First-class Certi6cate, Soi iei^ d'Hortici 1 n-e nralique du Rhone, June g : First-class Certificate, Association Htrticole Lynnaise. June 17. Price, ea-:h variety, per plant, 25 francs ; the set of six, I20 fjancs. N.B. — Purchasers of four plants of the same variety will receive a fifth gratis. NEW ROSES sent out by J. S., in the autumn of 1882 : — Hybrid Noisette. Madame Fanny de Forest. 3 Ir. each. 30 fr. per dozen ; Hybrid Perpetual, Marguerite de Roman, s fr 50 c. each, 24 fr. per dozen ; Hybrid A\rshire Climbing, Madame Viviand Morel. 2 fr. 50c each, 24, fr. per dozen; Polyantha, non-climbing, B'jou de Lyon, 2 fr. each, 18 fr. per dozen. Notice, — A very large quantity of Dwatf Ro^es, Standards and Half-Siandards, ready for sale in the Autumn. General CATALOGUE sent post-free on application. CHADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED. — This seed has been erown by careful selection ior six- teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is recommended to Faimers as a safe crop to plant — selling the Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and grod enough — feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price ys. per pound in smalt quantities ; 51. 6d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards For Caih only. Apply to Mr. RANDELL. Chadbury, near Evesham. OSEPH BAUMaITn, Nurseryman, Ghent. Btleium, tffers the followinK Plants :— AZALEA hirdy MOl.LIb and hardy Ghent, A. INDICA. RHODO- DENDRONS, CAMELLIAS, KALMIA LATIFOLIA. dwarf with Hower buds : fine Sweet BAV-^. Standards and Pyra- mids ; fine LaTANIA BORBONICA, ARAMA SIE- BOLDI and VARIEGATA, ARAUCARIAS, ILEX, MAG- NOLIAS, P.liONIES. ROSES, SPIR/EA JAPONICA, &c. CATALOGUE free. J' THE SATURDAY, AUGUST i8, 1883. STRATTON PARK. ABOUT the beginning of the century two members ot the house of Baring purchased two contiguous properties in Hamp- shire, which are now owned by their descendants, the Earl of Northbrool';, of Stratton Park, near Micheldever, and Lord Ashburton, of The Grange, near Alresford. The former property was granted at the Dissolution, when the immense revenues of the Church at Winchester were dispersed to the Wriothesleys, the head of the family bearing the title of Earl of South- ampton. His heir and daughter, Rachel, resided at Stratton with her husband, Loid William Russell, and, from a clump of Horn- beams in the high ground behind the house, known now as Lady Williain Russell's clump, .ind commanding glimpses of the Winchester Road, she used to watch for the messenger bearing letters from her husband previous to his execution. Lord John Russell passed some of the years of his boyhood here. After fhis distinguished family a new one followed, destined perhaps to become as famous. Sir Francis Baring, "the first merchant of the world," bought the property, improved the grounds, and erected a good, square, plain house, long famous for its pictures, and still remarkable for works of art, and for its comfort and convenience. Mr. R. Mudie wrote a history of Hants in 1S38, in which he speaks carpingly of Stratton Park. The situation of the house is too low, he says ; one would rather say that the ma:n points required in a house are warmth, shelter, ventilation, and sufficient size ; that a water- tight roof and a dry foundation are essentia', and that in some cases a large number of well- proportioned, well furnished rooms is desirable. Above all things comfort is the first essentia'. Deepdene, near Dorking, answers this description e.xactly, and Stratton Park is not far behind it. Mr. Mudie, perhaps, would have preferred a house ten times too big for any private family, and built on the plan of a hospital or asylum, big but not beautiful, with an outbreak of tawdry turrets on the roof. He says the house stands too low, which can hardly be, since the subsoil is of chalk. Putting a house on the top of a hill is a vulgar error, opposed to all fitness and conveni- ence. The only argument in favour of a house on a hill, where your horses' hearts and knees must both be broken in going up and down, is that the prospect is better up there I Just as if the main object in going indoors was to stare out of the windows. He says, too, that the house agrees with the artificial part of the land- scape rather than with the natural. He would have had a house built of logs, to ''agree" with native timber. As all houses are artificial, from the topmost chimney-pot to the lowest brick— and as the lawns, parterres, and grounds are of the same character, while even the park outside is rendered more ornate by arti- fice than the country beyond, though even that is usually a cultured tract, and not the domain of Nature— the criticism seems meaningless. iq8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August i8, 1883. Speaking of Sir Thomas Baring's habit of "muffling up" the churches with timber and planting flowers on graves, he says that the latter practice is a mockery of the dead. All that need be said of these crotchets is, that man has worshipped in groves from the earliest ages, and that flowers are dedicated to the dead as emblems of the highest beauty and perfec- tion, hence the public taste repudiates the theory of Mr. Mudie, and the practice of the members of the Baring family of fifty years since has become general. A charming clump of shrubs and timber in the park half conceals the little church and the schools near it. Mr. Gandy, the head gardener, did the honours of his department, and showed us over the gardens and grounds. His predecessor under Sir Thomas Baring was Charles Mac- intosh, author of several horticultural works thirty years ago, who was here three or four years, going from this place to Claremont, and thence to Dalkeith. A seven-branched Mag- nolia, a beautiful tree 60 feet in height, which even Flaxman's sculptures in the church do not excel in beauty, was planted from a flower-pot by Macintosh. A trellised walk, covered with Roses and creepers, Hops among them, passes from the park close by this fine tree to a gate opening in the Winchester road ; and the lords of Stratton, who have been Chancellors of the Exchequer, First Lords of the Admiralty, or Viceroys of India, have loved the privacy of this walk— a fit spot for retired pacing up and down and for political meditation. In Rose bowers like this deep-laid schemes are hatched by lovers in early life, by poHticians later on. In a comparatively small garden Mr. Gandy manages v, ith great skill to produce the fruit and flowers which his noble employer, now high in office, requires during the season, and he won the 1st prize this year at the Royal Counties show for a miscellaneous collection. The orangery is a very pretty house, planted with many Ferns and creepers. We went through a house of beautiful foliage plants in capital con- dition, and through a Melon-house, among others, and an Orchid-house, containing a good collection sent home by Lord Northbrook from India, when he filled the Vice-regal chair during the visit of the Prince of Wales. The park is a very pretty one, of the larger size — about 300 acres, I believe, and none of them level. The site is chalk, with a rich cover- ing of soil, especially in the valley, that bears fine timber. As you approach the house by a footpath from the kitchen garden, most of our forest trees grow, right and left, in fine clumps or as specimen trees standing alone. The Hickory, Plane, Acacia, Sycamore and Beech Sweet Chestnut, Oak and Cedar of Lebanon are all here, and there are noteworthy examples of them all. One of the Sycamores measures 14 feet above the spurs of the trunk, and at 24 feet from the ground it branches, throwing out first three great limbs, which become divided and form a grand head 24 yards in diameter. Two adjoining tall Sycamores are nearly as large, but less spreading. The largest Chestnut measures 17 feet round the trunk, and grows tall as well as stout. The largest Oak on the estate is situated in this same beautifully timbered corner of the park. But the Oak is not the tree of this district, and it is not so large as some of the specimens already men- tioned. At the moment when Sir Francis, the founder of the family, breathed his last, a great limb of this tree fell to the ground ; and it is said that the same thing happens whenever a chief of the family dies. May it lose its limbs slowly I Some unexploded shells on the terrace re- called last year's bombardment of Alexandria. They were fired into Fort Pharos onjuly 1 1, 18S2, and were given to the First Lord of the Admi- ralty by Lord Alcester. The house looks out upon the beautiful timber of the thickly planted park, whose boundaries can nowhere be seen. It is sheltered by rising ground on the north and east, and by a dense bank of lofty Limes on the further side of a wide lawn planted with ornamental shrubs and Cedars of Lebanon. From the water-tower on the highest ground the distant country comes into view, and The Grange, the seat of the other peer of this family, is marked by the timber of its park. A Beech avenue extends from these grounds to the London lodge, one mile, and the double avenues of tall trees within the grounds form an impenetrable shelter fence and a nesting place for rooks. The soft velvety turf of the chalk adds to the beauty of the grounds where, among acres of shrubbery and hundreds of specimens, not too thickly planted, on a sloping site carpeted with this soft turf, the Princess of Wales planted the latest of the trees of Stratton, a Thuia dolabrata, which already seems quite at home. Near it is a wonderful Cedar of Lebanon, branching from the ground into a vast head 33 yards in diameter. When Cobbett rode through Micheldever and Stratton, in 1822, Sir Thomas Baring being in possession, the estate well cared for, the cottages neat and nice, and the children well taught, he abated some of his accustomed thunder, and declared the estate was " in very good hands." And so it is now. An experi- ment of small farming, tried by Sir Thomas, is still continued, but cannot be said to prosper, as small farmers in this part of the country labour under disadvantages. H. E. LYCASTE SMEEANA, n. hyb. nat. 1 This is undoubtedly a very interesting plant. It has the bract of Lycaste Deppei, and nearly the shape of its flower, though it is wider, but the colour is white excepting the lip, which has a light purple border of the triangular acute undulate anterior lacinia, rows of small purple stripes, and spots over the whole surface. The callus is nearly as in Lycaste Deppei, having a very short free portion, not a long one, as in Lycaste Skinneri, and an obscure keel on its middle. The petals, too, have on the inside some purple spots. The column is white, with some purple spots at the base. Those who know Lycaste Deppei and L. Skinneri will suggest its being intermediate between them. The bulb and growth are described as being in the way of those of Lycaste Deppei, while the column, the shape of the petals, the sepals, and lip, remind one of Lycaste Skinneri and Deppei. I remember well Lycaste Deppei punctatissima, sent by Mr. Wil- liams in October, iSSi. It has the genuine lip and sepals and petals of Deppei. I had this plant from Mr. A. H. Smee, The Grange, Hackbridge, Surrey, the son of the author ol My Garden, and feel pleased to name the plant Lycaste Smeeana, hoping its possessor may observe it further, since he was so struck by it at its debut. H. G. Kchb.f. Peristeria EPHIPPIUM, «, sp* Itwasin 1831 that SirWilliam Hookerestablishedthe fine genus Peristeria upon the Dove Orchid, El Spirito Santo, which had been sent to him by Mr. Harrison and Mr. Arnold Harrison from Liverpool. In 1836 came Peristeria pendula, Hook., in 1837 Dr. Lindley named Peristeria cerina. In 1S3S Messrs. Knowles and Westcott described their Peristeria guttata, a plant no one appears to have seen since. From that day to this no new Peristeria has appeared. I, indeed, named in 1S52 Peristeria cerina guttulata as avariety, and in 1S56 Dr. Lindley described his Peristeria fuscata. Even if we followed him, which I do not think it right to do (there being no connecting links), this plant was an old subject, Anguloa squalida, Popp. and End., pubUshed in 1835, hence also be- longing to the decennium of Peristerias. I pro- posed in 1S52 the genus Lycomormium for it, a genus corroborated by a second species in my herbarium. And now, in 18S3, I have before me a new Peristeria. A fine raceme has been sent to me in alcohol, and I hope soon to see the living plant. It comes from Western South America, and is the sister of Peristeria pendula, Hook., since it is only the second species with such broad, linear, * Peristeria ephi^putiii, n. sp. — Aff. Peristerise pendulae, Hook.": hypochilii alls semioblongis, callo pyriforini canali- culato interj-jcco ; epichilio subrhomboideo antrorsum dilatato, retuso trilobo; callo maximo sellEeforrai imposito triangulo, basi latissimo, 4—6 obtusissime cariDato, antrorsum in lineam incrassatam descendente ; columnEe brachiis linearibus porractis, apiculo transverso triangulo humili in apice columnas. H, G. Rchh.f. fleshy arms to the column, which will, no doubt, be recognised as toys for insects by some people. The epichile of this species is totally distinct from any- thing seen hitherto in the genus. It is rhomboid, broader at its anterior retuse end, where it is equally three-lobed, hence I may be excused for calling it retuse. From its base arises a very curious, broad, nearly triangular callus, with about six ribs and five furrows in the middle, and this is prolonged in the mdidle into a narrow thick line, which ends as an umbo on the median apiculus of the blade. Another novel feature is the presence of a low transverse triangular body at the summit of the column. Dr. Lindley would have compared it to an old-fashioned three- horned hat — as for me I am reminded of the modern head-cover of the Italian carahinieri. Between the basilar oblong v;ings there is a pyriform callus, broader under the column, deeply channelled in its median longitudinal line. Mr. Y. Sander has just imported living plants of this. The flowers appear to be decidedly destitute of spots, but whether they are white, or ochre, or light yellow in colour I cannot say. No doubt they will have a fine perfume. It is one of the most interesting of recent introductions. H, G. Rchh, f, Odontoglossum velleum, Rchh.f. : supra, 1874, i., 406. When I published this species I distinctly stated that I knew nothing about the inflorescence. Hap- pily, after nearly ten years, this rare plant comes once more into my hands, Mr. F. Sander having sent me a fine dense raceme, informing me that there ate several living plants. The flowers remind me of those of Odontoglossum Karwinski, but those are arranged in a lax inflorescence. The general shape of the flowers is similar. The sepals and petals are yellowish, with numerous sepia-brown spots and lines. The blade of the stalked labellum is ligulate, broader at the top and apiculate, a little undulate, neatly hairy, white, and covered with numerous purple-mauve lines and blotches, as is seen in those Trichopilias which are called in the garden world Helcias. There are some crests at the base of the blade. The column is very short. I believe the inflorescence must maUe a gay and novel impression. The colours may be compared to that of the flowers of Aspasia variegata, though the lines and spots are far more marked and the lip much finer. //. G. Rchb.f. CANDYTUFTS. These are among the most showy and useful of our common hardy annuals ; they are of symmetrical and compact growth, blooming most profusely, and continuing in flower for a long period. In looking over Messrs. Carter & Co.'s seed farms in Essex recently, nothing was more striking than the rich beauty of the masses of Candytufts of different colours, and especially of that brilliant form known as Dunnett's crimson. This was originally a dark coloured selection from the crimson, but has now taken its place, and so we get a hue of purple-crimson almost perfect in its richness, producing large trusses of singularly showy well shaped flowers. What is known as the purple Candytuft is actually of a very pleasing shade of lilac, very distinct, and worthy a place in every garden. As in the case of the preced- ing, so here — selection has done a great deal in the way of giving a fixity of high-class character to this variety. Of the white Candytufts the White Rocket is perhaps the best, being large and of fine shape in regard to its flowers, which are produced in long rocket-like trusses — hence its name. It makes a very attractive mass of white, and forms an excellent con- trast to the brighter-coloured varieties. A few years since Messrs. Vilraorin-Andrieux & Co., of Paris, sent out some very fine hybrid varieties, producing large well-shaped flowers, borne on very fine and symmetrical trusses of bloom. These were the flesh-coloured, rose, and white. The former is best known in this country under the name of the New Carmine, and a very fine thing it is — perfectly distinct in colour, and most attractive, with striking bold trusses of large well-formed flowers. But all these French introductions are well deserving of a more extended cultivation. The Candytufts are very good town plants. In Cambridge Terrace, Paddington, there are to be seen in the enclosed gardens along this line of route very fine patches of the lilac Candytuft that are blooming very freely indeed, and much more freely than the Tropseo- AuGus-r iS, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 199 lums and other annuals. Even in the more crowded districts of London we have seen these pretty Candy- tufts in forecourt gardens flowering profusely, regard being had to the surroundings. With very little trouble a good succession of bloom of the Candyluft^can be had. Some seeds sown in autumn where the plants are to stand will, in common with the Eschschollzias, give a wealth of bloom in early spring. Seed sown in February will afford plants that can bo transplanted to beds to give a rare display in May, and as soon as the flowers begin to fade the plants can be removed and dwarf Asters substituted for them. But we sow the seeds of these line hardy annuals much too thickly, and the plants are left to unduly crowd each other. This is a great mistake, and should be remedied. If single plants could have more room in which to develope them- selves they would give finer heads of bloom, and be more valued in consequence. Annuals arc too often sown in poor ground, as if anything was good enough for them ; this is a great mistake, and especially with the Candytufts. Annuals will always well repay good cultivation. Give them good soil and they will shine forth with a lustrous beauty unknown to those who grow them only in starved soils. THE POTATO CROP. Just as exceptions are said to prove the rule so may we accept as evidence the very few complaints of disease in the Potato crop yet to hand as evidence of the general prosperity and good health of that crop to which so much prominence has but recently been given. Naturally it will be said that there is yet ample time for the fungus to work ill amongst the tubers, but on the other hand there is the very un- usual fact that we have reached close upon the middle of August with so far a clean bill of health except from some ill-favoured district where there has been either excessive rain storms or the nearness of rivers and streams has promoted vapoury exhalations that are, at night especially, found to be so favourable to the Peronospora and so destructive to the Potato plants. We were but the other day favoured by witnessing the lifting of roots of all the various named and seed- ling kinds so well grown at Chiswick this year for the benefit of the Fruit Committee and also the Seedling Committee of the International Potato Exhibition, and could not fail to be struck with the interesting fact that while leaf-spot was so absent, out of hundreds of roots lifted and in almost every c.ise showing wondrous crops of tubers only one small tuber showed evidence of the genuine rot or decay — a mar- vellous thing to have to report from Chiswick, where as a rule the disease manifests itself both early and in a very virulent form. Owing also to the general continuation of dry weather, the foli.ige is ripening or drying off, and there is ample evidence that on all except the very late and usually impervious kinds, growth is nearly complete, and skins are hardening. When such is the state of things it becomes obvious that should the Peronospora manifest itself late, and with virulence, that the greater bulk of the earlier Potatos will have got beyond the stage of injury, and that no great amount of harm can result. We may, however, doubt whether any such visitation is in store for us. It is a fact that the worst years for Potatos have in- variably been those when the attack of the enemy has been early, when the plants were full of vigour and sap, and when also the tubers were far less fitted than now to offer to the spores serious resist- ance. Perhaps the greatest danger which just now besets Potatos is the one of supertuberation, for evidences of such tendency on still luxuriant growing late kinds are not wanting. The exceeding dryness of the soil has tended very much to check growth, even though the tops may look fresh, green, and vigorous. A thorough soaking would naturally excite root action generally, and no great harm might result, but partial rains damping the soil on the surface only tend to promote vitality in the eyes of those tubers that are nearest the surface, and from those other tubers are developed. Except, however, in the North, the great mass of these late kinds have already tubers of fairly good size, and therefore the danger of supertuberation may be localised by cutting off the tops, and thus checking growth entirely, or in huge breadths a severe check may be given by running a heavy roller over the tops, and thus so far crushing the stems as to render further growth very improbable. The Champions would, perhaps, be in worse case, but the Magnum lionums, of which there are such immense quantities being grown, are even now fit to lift as far as size of tuber is concerned, though the skins need hardening, anil the tubers maturing. Not less pleasant at Chiswick than the absence of disease, was the abundant evidence found that raisers are to the fote with wondrously productive kinds, that have in the majority also that important element — most excellent ((ualily. It must not be assumed, that because few certificates may be granted to new kinds, that therefore the average quality of the bulk is low. So far from that being the case, it is rather the very high position now taken by at least the Seed- ling Committee of the International Potato Exhibition, and the general average excellence of the new kinds brought under its notice, that renders the granting of such honours as that body are permitted to award, necessarily difiicult to obtain. We have a wondrous wealth of good cropping kinds, but now, inasmuch as none may secure honours till they have obtained the full number of marks when cooked, it is hoped that henceforth the award of a Certificate of Merit will never be rnade to any kind but such as shall, wherever grown, prove to be first-rate in all points. In relation to Potatos alone Chiswick is thus enabled to perform, not merely to gardening but to the nation at large, inestimable benefit. Whilst to Potato growers a heavy clean crop of tubers must bring ample satisfaction, even though, as is already the case, prices rule very low, to the vast body of con- sumers the matter is one for warm congratulation. We seem just now on the point ot gathering in a good harvest of corn. W^e have had a huge crop of serviceable early' fruit, and have yet to gather one of the heaviest crops of Apples — the most popular and useful of all hardy fruits — that has weighed down our trees for several years ; and finally, and'lar from least, we have the promise of the most abundant crop of healthy Potatos on record. With these facts before us it is not difiicult to understand that they mean millions of money saved to the nation and the same millions spent in other, and, we trust, correct chan- nels must again help to bring to all sections of the community that run of prosperity which for the past few years seems to have been rather retrograde than progressive. There will be an abundance of food for the poorest and to spare. Let us hope that from the present year may date the beginning of a series of brighter seasons, especially to all those engaged in horticultural pursuits. THE CHATEAU DE GONVILLE. The fine domain of Le Comte de Germiny, Chateau de Gonville, is situated at Fontaine le Bousy, in the province of Normandy, a portion of France which is of much historical interest to Englishmen. The country is intersected by broken hills, narrow valleys, and streams, which make the scenery very picturesque. From the interesting old town of Amiens to Rouen is a four hours' ride by rail, and I-louen is 12 miles from the Chateau de Gonville. The scenery between the two towns is much varied and beautiful ; Apple orchards abound, and the fruit is plentiful. Some of the Apples arc used for cider-making, and others are dried as Normandy Pippins. At Rouen we hired a conveyance, and, proceeding through the more modern streets, soon reached rising ground. On each side of the road are beautiful residences with gardens well planted with trees and flowers. This continues for about 2 miles, and each peep obtained when near the top gives a splendid view of the distant hills studded with villa residences, while below is a fine view of Rouen, the river Seine, its sailing vessels and steamers, all helping to make a pretty and animated picture. I^eaching the high road on the summit of this pretty spot, we found ourselves in a fine open country, well cultivated with corn, and on each side of the road good orchards of Apples and Pears well cropped with fruit. Here also are many fine woods or forests, and the trees being in full beauty, together with the chalky hills, reminded one of Kent without its Hop fields. In due time I reached the domain of the Comte de Germiny, and entered a long avenue of trees in a park studded with fine timber. A pretty lake soon comes into view, and then the mansion, standing on a hill well backed with fine trees and faced with a beautiful lawn well studded with fine beds of Rhododendron, the variegated Acer, Golden Hollies, and Coniferec. l'"rom the front of the Ch.iteau a grand view presents itself for miles round, and M. le Comte may say, "All you now behold is mine." In the valley below is a fine piece of water, with islands well dotted with trees, which add a charm to the scene, l-'rom the oppo- site side on some rising ground with fine trees a splendid view of the mansion and grounds in front is obtained. Tlie pleasure grounds are well planted ; in fact, it is so situated that at each point a fine landscape may be obtained. In the lakes and streams below salmon are cultivated in all stages — from small fry to fish fit for the table. Adjoining the Chateau is the conservatory, well planted with fine Palms and Tree Ferns, with their beautiful leaves and fronds. Towering above, where one can promenade and admire the beauties of the scene, I noticed two good specimens of Cyathea medullaris with tall stems. Underneath them are seats on which one can lounge while admiring the beautiful plants around. In the centre bed are large specimen of Dicksonia antarctica, a noble plant of Areca Baueri, also Raphis flabelliformis and other fine species. Under these is a tastefully planted bed of fine-foliage plants, such as Ferns, Begonias, &c. Intermixed is a collection of Gloxinias in full bloom and other flowering plants, which looked well arranged in this way. One of the sides as you enter this house is filled with Todea superba, pellucida, and intermedia. It is a good idea to plant these in shady places, where they love to luxuriate. About 50 yards from the conservatory is a large house called the winter garden, a span-roofed structure well laid out with natural looking rocks leading up to a kind of rock-mound and waterfall, from whence one can look down and admire the handsome plants below. The roof is being covered with climbers, such as Lapageria rosea and alba, and other showy kinds. This house has but recently been completed. When the plants get more established, in a year or two's time, the appearance will be very elfective. Some distance from this, across the lawn, is the principal range of glass houses, which I entered one after the other. The first is a span-roofed house filled with Caladiums, all well grown and the best sorts in cul- tivation ; I may say it is the finest collection of these plants I have seen, and when grown as these are no one can help admiring them for the colour of their foliage, which is most brilliant ; the sorts were too numerous to mention. Adjoining is another span- roofed house filled with fine-foliaged and flowering plants, including good Crotons and an Anthurium Scherzerianum, 3 feet across, which produced a large number of blooms upon it during the spring and summer : it must have had a noble appearance, being a grand variety. Next comes a long span- roofed house with a path down the centre, the tables on each side filled with Gloxinias in full bloom, in nearly all shades of colour and of fine shape, some of the blooms measuring 5 inches across ; there arc many hundreds of them, and the succession is kept up during the season by growing a great quantity in pits in different st.-iges, which are brought into the house as the others fade. These Gloxinias are M. Rondeau, the gar- dener's, own seedlings, which he tries to improve every ye.ar by hybridising and careful selection. Leaving this gorgeous sight behind, I entered another house filled with fine-foliaged and other plants. I noticed a specimen of Massangea tigrina showing bloom, the spike was 12 feet high j it is the finest plant known : by the side of this are large speci- mens of Clivea of the new kinds, such as Madame Van Houtte. Then came the grandest house of all — one that I was longing to see, having heard so much of it, and I must acknowledge that it is the finest and largest house of East Indian Orchids I have ever seen. It is span-roofed, 80 feet in length, 24 feet wide, and of good height. One is struck on enter- ing with its noble appearance, and with the arrange- ment of the plants. The house is entered by a flight of steps leading from a lobby where you can see from one end to the other, with fine specimens arranged on each side of the centre bed ; it is like looking through a glen, with a fine verge of foliage and flowers under- neath, the Orchids hanging above. Near the entrance a grand specimen of Anthurium Andre- anum arrested attention. It was in full bloom : each 200 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AUGUST l8, \%%\. spalhe measuring 8 inches long and s inches in width. Then the eye ranged over two noble plants of Anlhu- rium Veitchii, with its handsome drooping green foli- age, together with the curious and rare Nepenthes san- guinea, finely in pitcher and well coloured ; and a fine plant of N. Rafflesiana, suspended from the roof, with other kinds, which give a tropical character to the scene. Of Vandas there is a fine collection of speci- mens, ranging from 5 to 9 feet high, in two rows, the whole length of the house. Noticeable among them were V. suavis, several varieties, and some in bloom ; V. tricolor, V. t. superba, V. t. the Dalkeith var., also Dr. Paterson's var.— in fact all the best varieties that can be procured. When this collection is in full bloom the appearance must be grand. Besides Vandas there are some wonderful specimens of Saccolabiums, such as retusum, 4 feet high, also S. guttatum, S. Blumei major, S. prsmorsum, S. giganteum, and most of these specimens produce many spikes. Wealso noticed some fine specimens of AngriEcum sesquipedale, 2 feet high ; and Saccolabium curvifolium, a mass 2 feet across, with its orange-scarlet flowers ; Vanda Batemanni, a noble specimen ; also V. suavis in bloom, 9 feet ; V. tricolor insignis, finely in bloom. On the side stages were some fine examples of Cattleya Skinneri, and other good specimens. In the next house was a miscellaneous lot of flower- ing Orchids, and some fine specimens were in full bloom ; two of Cattleya labiata pallida, one with forty-eight expanded flowers and the other with twenty-eight — the two finest specimens and varieties I have seen. Associated with these was a plant of Sobralia macrantha, with thirty spikes of its bright coloured flowers. I also noticed a fine variety of Oncidium divaricatum, with the flowers more dense on the stem and of a brighter colour than usual. Epidendrum prismatocarpura was showing fourteen spikes. By the side of this was the beautiful Epiden- drum vitellinum majus, on a block, with twelve spikes of its charming flowers ; also several plants of Epi- dendrum nemorale majus, with many spikes in full bloom, and Dendrobium suavissimum, with bright yellow sepals and petals and dark lip. This was in full beauty, and there were several other Orchids in bloom, which produced a gay effect. The next house contains Cattleyas and Lcelias, among them a Cattleya Trianse with seventeen sheaths — a grand specimen ; C. crispa finely in bloom, as also a fine variety of Cattleya Mendelli and C. Harrisoni violacea, a beautiful showy Cattleya. There were some fine plants, showing sheaths, of C. Dowiana hanging from the roof. There had been in bloom just before my visit 390 flowers of Cattleya Mossise, C. Mendelli, C. Warneri, and others, which must have made a grand show ; also C. citrina, with different plants, bearing fi(ty-two flowers, and the plants are well grown. In the same house is a large specimen of Chysis ■ bractescens, with enormous growths, and some fine plants of L^elia elegans ; also a fine specimen of Cattleya Warneri, which produced twenty-four good flowers, and many other good examples The Dendrobium-house contains many fine plants making their growth for the ensuing year. The last house in this range is a span-roofed one, for greenhouse and intermediate plants ; the ctntre is prettily laid out with rocks, and has a stream of water and a fountain playing in it, which produces a cool and refreshing feeling after the hotter houses. Plants are placed here, such as Liliums and other good flowering plants. On the sides was a good show of Pelargoniums ; at one end were fine plants of Clivea miniata, which, when in bloom, must be a grand sight. There were some Orchids, including Ccelogyne cristata in large masses ; also a large speci- men of Arpophyllum giganteum, 4—5 feet across. A fine plant of Rhododendron Piincess Royal, 3 feet across, full of flower-buds, here attracted attention ; this is a most useful plant, as it blooms twice a year. There are Fuchsias planted to each rafter, so that the house is getting covered with their graceful forms and flowers, and as these plants get age the effect will be finer. Leaving this enjoy- able house the visitor comes to the open space where the specimen plants are arranged for their summer quarters, to make them more vigorous for the coming season. We noticed many fine specimen Azaleas, and grand plants of the greenhouse Rhodo- dendrons trained as pyramids, such as R. Maddeni, also R. Veitchii, well set with bloom-buds — it is one of the most beautiful when in flower ; Rhododendron Countess of Haddington, 7 feet high and 4 feet through, and other fine plants. A very fine span-roofed house, just built for Roses, comes next ; in this there are many good speci- mens, and smaller ones coming on. When these plants are in bloom next year they will be worth seeing. Two more ranges of small span-roofed houses con- tain Orchids, fine-foliage and flowering plants. One of them was filled with Odontoglossum vexillarium, Masdevallias, and other cool Orchids. Many plants of O. vexillarium were in bloom, among them some good varieties ; also Masdevallia Veitchii, and its fine variety superba, which has a much larger flower ; and M. Harryana, which did its best to make a show with its bright colours, M. Lin- deni, and others. Among the Odontoglots are some good plants of O. Alexandras and other kinds, all looking in vigorous health. A fine plant of Cephalotus follicularis — the Australian Pitcher-plant — is here to be seen ; and in the same range are an assortment of the best varieties of variegated Begonias, some beautiful plants in bloom of the different kinds of Hsemanthus, and a fine lot of Gloxinias. Passing through some other houses, I was delighted to come upon one full of PhalK- nopsis, and which when in bloom must have been a grand sight. They have been grown from im- ported plants, and they do the gardener great credit, for their growth is strong and robust. Among them are P. Schilleriana with foliage 18 inches long ; also fine plants of P. amabilis, some in full bloom, asso- ciated with P. violacea, with fine flowers of good colour. In the same house are some plants in bloom of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, which is one of the best when a good variety is obtained. I must not omit to allude to the chimneys of the houses in this place ; they are often unsightly in a gentleman's place, but here they are made in the shape of old trees, which gives them a rustic appear- ance, and people go away with the idea that they are real decayed trees. I lelt the flowers and plants for the more useful department, but also an orna- menial one — for the kitchen and fruit gardens are well worth seeing, as they contain a fine collec- tion of fruit trees, well trained and cared for ; also good vegetables. At the end ol the gardens is a fine long range of new fruit-houses. A very long vinery has only been planted a short time, but is in a pro- mising condition. The next range is filled with trees in pots, such as Peaches, Nectarines, and others. The Peaches and Nectarines had some fine fruit on them just ripe ; there were also many out in the kitchen garden which had fruited, and were making their growths for next year. Many more interesting things might be enumerated, but space will not permit of it, so I must finish by thanking the Comte de Germiny and his family for their kind reception, also Mons. Rondeau for his courtesy and attention. B. S. Williams, THE MOOT. This pleasant residence, standing at the eastern entrance of the small town of Downton, near Salis- bury, was erected about the period of the Restoration, which recalls an interesting event in the life of Sir Richard Shuckburgh, knight of the shire for Warwick, and ancestor of the Shuckburghs of Wilts, who long resided at The Moot. The ill-fated Charles I., marching through Sir Richard's county before Edgehill, saw him hunting through the fields. "Who is that gentleman hunting so merrily, while I am obliged to fight for my crown } " the king inquired ; and he ordered Sir Richard to be called, and so pleased and roused him by a most gracious reception that the knight returned home, armed his tenants and retainers for the field, and joined Charles at Edgehill. The Moot is now owned and occupied by Mr. Squarey. Opposite the house, and forming its shrubbery and garden, are the once strong, and now ornamental, earthworks which in the early Saxon era commanded the valley of the river Avon, running from Salisbury through Downton, to Christchurch, skirting the New Forest on its way. The story of the earthworks, which have proved invaluable in the formation of the gardens of The Moot, is obscure. Sir Richard Hoare, in his History of Wiltshire, suggests that there was probably a natural elevation here, and he thinks that the principal mound— a huge conical earthwork, was raised artificially, and that it formed the keep of a Saxon fortress, other mounds for out- posts, or civil purposes, having been afterwards added. The Moot, in all probability, formed the site of the principal fortress of the South Saxons, and of Cerdic their great leader, and its name further indi- cates that it included within the inner foss the wit- tenagemote of Cerdic's kingdom. The primitive courts and councils called the witten- agemotes were held on natural or artificial mounds, like the moot hills of Scotland, and the " parle," or parling hills of Ireland, just as the British courts of judicature were assembled within circles of stones, as at Stonehenge, or in an amphitheatre of turf. The earliest of the Saxon courts were probably established on what is now the smooth turf of Mr. Squarey's lawn, which the mowing-machine shaves close. The particular slope, benched in turf, which is believed to have formed the place of assembly, ascends from the margin of an ornamental pond where Water Lilies blossom in profusion. At the top of the steep mound a .summer-house commands a long view down the historic valley of the Avon, and overlooking Char- ford. Another mound affords a bird's-eye view of the adjacent town of Downton, and commands a pleasing landscape beyond. Charford is a small place, but readers of Green's History of the English People may remember it as the Hastings of the early Saxons. They may remember that amid the numerous assaults upon the country by successive bodies of invaders, on the retirement of the Romans, that of Cerdic proved the most successful. The conquest of South Britain was, in fact, effected by a band of Saxons who struggled under Cerdic from Southampton Water in 495 to the Downs, where Winchester offered a rich prize. Not less than 5000 Britons fell in the fight, which opened the country to the invaders, and a fresh victory at Charford, a few years later, set the crown of the West Saxons on the head of Cerdic. It was here, therefore, close to The Moot, that the earliest known ancestor of Queen Victoria ascended the throne ; and it is not improbable that the ceremony of his coronation was performed in Mr. Squarey's garden. Cerdic was himself, no doubt, the first president of the English parliament that met on these grassy slopes ; and when his descendant granted the fee of the Hundred of Downton to the Church, long before the Norman Conquest, the nobleman who became the Church's chief tenant, or lessee, would have here exercised those judicial rights which, in the course of our progress, have now quite passed away from the ownership of land. The site of The Moot now exhibits an extensive collection of exceedingly ornamental earthworks and fosses extending over many acres, partly planted, and partly covered with smooth lawn. The predecessor of the Shuckburghs— a Mr. Coles, who laid out the gardens a hundred years ago, which the present owner has most tastefully kept up — found a favour- able site for his operations, and turned it to the best account. In wandering through these pretty grounds it is interesting to reflect that historic memories are cha- racteristic of the country houses of old England, and that, like the natural advantage of a fine site or pure water, they enhance the charm, and even increase the value, of property. The very ancient history of The Moot, and its attractive gardens, may well suggest comparisons of past and present, of rude and insecure times and of modern refinement and social advan- tages ; and perhaps such- contrasts are never more vividly presented to the mind than on ihe occasion of those annual and time-honoured festivals when Ihe grounds we have endeavoured to describe are thrown open to all neighbours, rich and poor, when all join in the same games, and when high and low dance together on the same velvet turf where Cerdic and his grim warriors held council. H, E. CHRYSANTHEMUM CORYM- BOSUM. This is a robust herbaceous plant with elegantly cut foliage and white and yellow flower-heads (fig. 31), known also in gardens as Pyrethrum corymbosum. Under cultivation it grows about 4 feet high, and pro- bably higher in rich soil. It is as hardy and persist- ent as the allied species, C. Parthenium, syn. Pyre- thrum Parthenium, of which the Golden Feather is a variety. In a wild state it grows from \ to 3 feet high, and it is a common plant in Central and Southern Europe, ranging from Portugal to Switzer- land, Austria, and Turkey. Our illustration was taken from a plant in the herbaceous ground at Kew, where we recently noticed it as the best and most effective of its near allies. AtrocsT iS, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 201 WILD PLANTS OF THE BRISTOL DISTRICT. The communications which have appeared in your columns from time to time respecting the flora of other districts having been of interest to me, a few lines with reference to some of the more interesting plants of this neighbourhood may be acceptable to other readers. Dristol is a capital district for botanis- the woods are perfectly carpeted with the beautiful flowers of the Primrose ; and although the district cannot be called the home of the Orchis in the same sense as the south-east of England and the Wiltshire Downs are so denominated, the order is yet fairly represented, nearly one half of the British species being found here. Orchis Morio is plentiful and generally distri- buted, varying a good deal in colour and loca- tion, occurring often in meadows with the Cowslip, Fig. 31.— chrysanthemum CORYMBOstrM : flowers white, (see p. 200.) ing in, as it includes such a variety of soils — Oolite, Lias, Red Sandstone, Conglomerate, Pennant, and Mountain Limestone all combining to diversify the country and render it as prolific in species as it is well possible to be in the neighbourhood of a large city ; indeed, it is probable that no other large port in Eng- land has such beautiful scenery in such close proximity as Bristol has — precipitous cliffs, well wooded and upland downs, with wild heaths sloping to the marsh- lands and meadows that border the Severn. In spring time the woods are blue with the blossoms of the wild Hyacinth (Scilla nutans), whilst the lanes and some of when it presents a pleasant contrast. In favourable situations it sometimes attains the height of a foot, in which case it approaches O. mascula, from which, however, it may with a little practice be readily dis- tinguished. The last-named is plentiful in some localities, preferring woods and moist lanes. Though having a rather sickly odour it is a beautiful species, and does not appear to vary so much as some of the others, and certainly not so much as 0. maculata, which is widely distributed and generally abundant, varying in size from a few inches high to over 2 feet, fine specimens having frequently upwards of a hundred flowers on the spike. This species, like O. mascula, sometimes occurs in groups of half a dozen or so ; in the former I could trace no connection between the tubers, and should suppose the propagation to be from seed ; this is borne out by the fact that it is very abundant in places where the grass is not cut. Orchis latifolia is frequently to be found growing with O. maculata, where its broad green leaves, dull purple flowers, generally more robust habit, and hollow stem, characterise it from its closely allied neighbours. O. incarnata is not so common, and is, I presume, the true marsh Orchis referred to by Mr. Webster as being conspicuous from the beautiful colour of its flowers. Ilabenaria viridis is a singular plant, and well worthy of study ; the beautiful adaptability of the two lateral glands for securing the removal of the pollinia must strike every one who examines the plant care- fully, indeed its structure is astonishing when viewed by the light of Mr. Darwin's researches. The pollinia are much slower in becoming depressed than is the case with the other species, upwards of half-an- hour elapsing before they become nearly horizontal. It is a scarce plant about here, and occurs in company with Gymnadenia conopsea, which is much more plentiful in the few localities where it occurs ; the latter is powerfully fragrant, and is a beautiful species, but its fragrance is not so sweet as that of the large Butterfly Orchis, Habenaria chlorantha, which grows sparingly in a few of the woods, and should rank, I consider, as high as any of our native plants, not only for its beauty and structure, but for its sweet scent. I have seen it in two localities, and had specimens given me from a third ; all those seen had lax spikes of white flowers, the labellum of every flower being tipped with pale green. Being desirous of comparing this species with H. bifolia, in consequence of the difference of opinion respecting it, I was fortunate in finding a good locality for the smaller species, though informed the day after that it was not to be found here. Externally the two plants are much the same excepting that H. bifolia often has a nearly dense spike, but it may be at once dis- tinguished by its parallel anther cells. The pollinia of the one species can be distinguished from that of the other by the naked eye ; that of H. bifolia usually splits into halves soon after being withdrawn from the flower, these spread out or diverge in such a manner that the fertilisation of both stigmas may probably be effected by a single poUinium, though the possibility of such a thing did not occur to me until it was too late to put it to the test. O. pyra- midalis grows plentifully in a few localities. Mr. Darwin gives the premier position to this plant, since he says of it, " As in no other plant, or, indeed, in hardly any animal, can adaptations of one part to another and of the whole to other organisms widely remote in the scale of Nature, be named more perfectly than those presented by this Orchis," &c. After being kept in water three weeks, the pollinia of some of the upper flowers exhibited movement, though, as might be anticipated, much slower than when the plants were freshly gathered. In company with the last named may usually be found the Bee Orchis, Ophrys apifera, which, how- ever, is less plentiful, though more generally distri- buted, being sometimes solitary ; one specimen I gathered had a flower with the labellum uppermost, the pollinia hanging harmlessly outside — another had the sepals united, and the pollinia in their cells. Of about forty plants which I have examined this season as they grew, the flowers of all were adapted for self fertilisation, excepting in the two cases mentioned. It is remarkable what a length of time the fertilised ovaries of this and other Orchids remain green in the driest situation after the plants are gathered. I noticed in one or two instances the ovaries apparently matured in this way, and liberated seed when they became dry. Epipactis latifolia is very scarce near the city ; up to last week I had only seen three plants, and these were growing alone in widely separate positions, thus bearing out Mr. Bentham's remark to the effect that it is often a solitary plant ; but on Friday last I found it growing luxuriantly in a moist wood, some of the specimens being very fine, one plant being over 24 feet high, another had thirty- five flowers on the spike, twelve of which were open 1 the bottom flower was withered, but none of the others had the pollinia removed ; this may be accounted for by the fact that wasps seem to be late this year, i.e., presuming that they are the only large insects that visit the flowers. Listeta ovaia is the commonest Orchis about here, and is widely distii- 202 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.. [August i8, 1883. buted. Neottia Nidus-avis is to be found by looking ior it, but must be described as rare : I have only seen three plants of it, the first underneath a Hazel bush, and the other two amongst Ivy ; the last were the finest plants, and were in seed. Of other species of the order recorded as having been found in the neigh- bourhood may be mentioned Orchis ustulata, Ophrys muscifera, Epipactis palustris, Cephalanthera grandi- flora, and Spiranlhes autumnalis. The last named grows plentifully on some parts of the Mendip Hills, about sixteen miles from iiristol ; from these hills splendid views of the surrounding country can be obtained, including the Bristol Channel and the Steep Holmes, where formerly the Pasony grew, but which is now probably extinct there. This plant was gathered in 1856 on the Great Ormes Head. A few weeks ago I found one or two plants of P3eonia growing wild in a wood ; they were not in flower, but may probably be P. corallina. Of Cheddar it is needless to speak as a well- known locality for rare plants, especially of the Cheddar Pink, Dianthus ceesius, which is becoming scarce, owing to the cottagers gathering it for sale. The pretty little Maiden Pink, D. deltoides, grows within a few miles of Bristol, though its existence here seems to have been entirely overlooked, which is surprising considering the attention which the local flora has received ; its presence over several square yards close to where people pass daily, without having been discovered, leads one to infer that local botanists must botanise somewhat in the same way that Bristol men are said to sleep, viz., with one eye open. Another interesting Mendip plant is the little round-leaved Sundew — Drosera rotundifolia — which flowers about this time. Towards autumn the hills are a beautiful sight with the yellow flowers of the Gorse, intermingled with which are large patches of the purple Heath with occasionally its white-flowered variety, the air being redolent with the perfume of these flowers, especially of that of the Gorse, A plant which grows nearer Bristol than it has for many years been credited with doing is the Yellow Bird's-nest, Monotropa Hypopitys, yet it is dispersed over upwards of 20 square yards, and has evidently grown in the locality for years. The classification of this plant with Ericacefe seems a singular arrange- ment, its separation as by Bentley and Balfour being much more natural. The Marsh Valerian is a common plant. I refer to it, as an opinion seems to prevail here that " the male plant is smaller than the female, in consequence of the more transient function it has to perform." This is, I think, a mistake, as in the plants seen by me the reverse has been the case, the staminate plants being double the size of the pistillate, and having larger flowers. Bristol is a good locality for the Stonecrops, one of the species — Sedum rupestre — being restricted to the district. In one locality I found S. album, S. re- flexum, S. dasyphyllum, S. acre, of course, and S, Ewersii, all within a few yards. Though the last- named was wild in the locality referred to, it is not a native plant. S. Telephium occurs in a few places, and also S. sexangulare, whilst Cotyledon umbilicus is plentiful, and generally distributed. The scarcest of the species named seems to me to be S. dasyphyllum, though it is said to be plentiful in some parts. Of other uncommon planis I have found in the neighbourhood this season, all in flower except Thalictrura, may be mentioned Daphne laureola, Polygonum Bistorta, Primula vulgaris var. caulescens, Scilla nutans alba, Paris quadrifolia. Euphorbia Lathyris, Thalictrum flavum, Lathyrus Nissolia, Vicia Bithynica, Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, Rumex scutatus, Linaria repens, Hypericum calycinum, Epi- lobium angustifolium, and Anagallis tenella ; and last autumn, Malachium aquaticum, Drosera rotundifolia, and Veronica spicata. frank Gunnings Bristol^ August 14. Death of Mr. T. H. Corrv.— From the daily papers of August I we learn the sad news of the death, by drowning, of Mr. T. H. Corry, who not long since succeeded Mr. Hillhouse, as Assistant to the Professor of Botany, Mr. C. C. Babington, at the University of Cambridge. It is stated that he, and a friend named Dickson, in pursuit of their studies, took a boat on Lough Gill, a picturesque lake near Sligo, when by some unexplained means the tioat was overturned, and the occupants drowned. BRITISH ORCHIDS AND THEIR CULTIVATION. {Continued from p, 702, vol, xix.) The genus Ophrys is especially worthy of notice, on account of the resemblance of the flowers to the various insect forms whose names they respectively bear. Of the three or four native species, the Bee Ophrys, O. apifera, is perhaps the most elegant, and derives its popular name from the form and hairiness of the lip, which not inaptly resembles a bee. It is a frequent occupant of meadows and pastures in chalky or limestone districts, but is strangely uncertain in its appearance, frequently disappearing from localities where it has been known to exist for years. The tubers of this, as well as the other species of Ophrys, are ovate or globose, and generally somewhat downy. The stem rises about I foot in height, with a few oblong or lanceolate leaves, diminishing in size from the base upwards. The different species of Ophrys are usually considered difficult to cultivate, which is certainly the case to some extent, but by imitating, as nearly as possible, their native soil and habitat, success, to a great extent, may be relied upon. Indeed, this should be the first study in cultivating these plants, and to which, as well as at first procuring strong, well rooted specimens, we attribute much of our success with some of the more difficult kinds. The Fly Ophrys, O. niuscifera, is altogether a more slender plant than the above, with narrower and more glaucous leaves. The stem, which is from 9 inches to I foot in height, and somewhat leafy, bears three or four rather inconspicuous flowers, placed rather dis- tant, and with a striking resemblance to some sort of fly. It is occasionally to be met with in the adjoin- ing island of Anglesey, from whence we have received good specimens, and it is also abundant in some of the eastern counties of England, Another distinct and beautiful species will be found in the Spider Ophrys, O. aranifera, which to some extent, especially in stature and foliage, resembles O. apifera. The flowers are, however, totally different, the form and colour, which is light brown, resembling that of the common spider. O. arachnites, another spider Ophrys, is a rarer and more beautiful plant than the last, with dark red and blue flowers. Several species of Helleborine are very ornamental and well worthy of a place amongst a collection of our British Orchids. The broad leaved Epipactis, E. latifolia, is a strong, tall-growing plant, frequently reaching 3 feet in height, though more commonly half that size. The leaves, which are very plentiful, are broadly ovate at the base, the upper ones gradually becoming smaller and more lanceolate, of a pleasant green colour, smooth, and strongly ribbed. The flowers are pendulous, in a one-sided raceme, and tinged with brown or dull purple. The finest speci- mens of this plant we have seen were growing in stiff loamy clay, where the ground was thickly carpeted with Ivy. We have also noticed it thriving luxuriantly in rough gravel, on a retentive subsoil. We have frequently found a highly ornamental and conspicuous form of this Orchid with white flowers, closely resembling those of Habenaria bifolia. The stem of this plant is of a peculiar ash colour, and quite distinct from the ordinary form, which is almost green ; no perceptible difference is, however, notice- able in the foliage of the two plants. The marsh Epipactis, E. palustris, is a more ornamental plant than the above, with fewer but larger flowers, nearly white and striped with crimson. It has much the same habit as E. latifolia, but the stem, which rarely rises above I foot in height, is covered with narrower unplaited leaves. Both species are readily cultivated, the latter, however, requires a peaty soil, and moist shady situation. E. {or Cephalanthera) ensifclia — for the only real difference between the two seems to be in the flowers of this genus standing erect whilst those of Epipactis are pendent — is rather a rare plant, occurring but sparingly, in usually mountainous woods, in several counties of England and .Scotland. The flowers are pure white with a yellow dash on the lip, and standing nearly or quite erect. Halienaria. — Three species are included in this genus, of which H. bifolia, the Butterfly Orchis, is the largest and most ornamental plant. It is found abundantly in this locality, growing on soils of different qualities, but prcfeiiing rich brown or clayey loam. As the name indicates, this species has usually only two leaves, although we have several specimens with three, all equally well formed. It is a very ornamental plant, with greenish-white flowers, placed rather loosely on stems of from 12 to 15 inches in length. The flowers are sweet-scented, especially in the evening after a shower, when at several yards distance their delicious fragrance, resembling that of Honeysuckle, can be distinctly felt. They are easily grown in good loam, but require to be carefully trans- planted, as the long Carrot-shaped tubers strike to a good depth in the ground. Certain classes of soils seem to alter the general appearance of this Orchid, and the name of H. chlorantha has been given to that in which both foliage and flowers are much larger than those usually found. That strong heavy loam does produce a more robust growth in this plant we readily admit, but a comparison of specimens from different soils has certainly convinced us that no real difference exists, and that the extreme type is simply the result of soil in every way suitable for the healthy develop- ment of the plant. Strong growth may be induced in this, as well as in other Orchids, by not allowing the seeds to ripen on the plant. In some parts of the park here, where the grass is cut just as this plant has ceased flowering, it is wonderful how luxuriant and healthy the specimens appear, indeed more so than in. other parts where left undisturbed. We were always of the opinion that stem and leaf were indis- pensable in the formation of the new tuber, but certainly this fact, which came under our notice two years ago, seems to prove otherwise. The same we have also noticed in O. mascula, O. maculata, and O. latifolia. [The apparent discrepancy is explained by the peculiar mode of growth of the tubers — too elaborate a matter to be more than referred to here. Ed.] H. allnJa is a diminutive plant, rarely exceeding 6 inches in height, with a leafy stem and tiny white flower. It is pretty abundant in this district, in usually mountain meadow or pasture land, but seems to prefer a raised mound or hillock amongst short grass, in which to grow. The green Habenaria, H. viridis, is another insig- nificant plant, found plentifully in Anglesey and some other parts of Wales. From its grass-like appearance and low stature this Orchid is readily passed un- noticed, and for this reason may be more plentiful than is generally supposed. The whole plant rarely exceeds 6 inches in height, with deep green, ovate or elliptical leaves. The flowers are rather lax, and for the most part green and inconspicuous, with a long, cloven lip of a greenish yellow colour. This and the latter species are easily grown in rather dry loamy soil, and should be transplanted with a good ball of earth attached. The Musk Orchis, Herminium monorchis, is rather a local plant, occurring chiefly in the chalky districts of England. The stem seldom rises more than 3 or 4 inches in height, with two lanceolate radical leaves at or near the base. The tuber of this Orchid, which is globular, and not larger than a good-sized Pea, is produced at the end of one of the fibres proceeding from the crown, and is therefore at some distance from the original plant. Great care is requisite in transplanting this Orchid so that none of the fibrous rootlets, especially the one at whose extremity the new tuber is forming, be disturbed. The flowers are numerous though small, and of a yellowish-green colour, giving out — especially in the evening — a not unpleasant odour. The Man Orchis, Aceras anthropophora. — In this will be found rather an interesting plant, from the re- semblance of its flowers to the human form. It usually grows about a foot in height, with four or five rather long spreading leaves, of a light green colour, smooth and shining. From the dull greenish yellow colour of the flower this plant is rather inconspicuous, and resembles to some extent, especially in the size and colour of flower, the Tway-blade, Listera ovata. A more ornamental form, having the lip tipped with brown or red, is rarely to be met with. We are not aware that it has been found in this district, being chiefly confined to a limestone or chalky formation. Tway-blade. — The common Tway-blade, Listera ovata, is of frequent occurrence in Britain, and usually found in rather moist, shady woods and pastures. The root is composed of numerous long, clustered fibres, generally lying horizontally. Stem from': to 2 feet in height, with two large broadly ovate leaves, placed nearly midway up the stem, and terminating in a August i8, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 203 rather long raceme of green flowers. It is a common plant in this neighbourhood, indeed in some cases it is a nuisance, and luxuriates in damp, shady woods. We have frequently found it with three, and in one case five, leaves placed irregularly on the stem, the two lower ones being largest. Lislcia lOidala, or the heart-leaved Listera, is a much smaller and more slender plant than the above, «iih slightly heart-shaped leaves. It is also less common than L. ovala, and usually found on mountain heaths growing in turfy loam. The Eu'^lislt I.mlys-slipfLi; Cypripedium Calceolus, is the only I'ritish representative of the genus, and now, unless in one or two preserved localities, where long may it remain, almost extinct. We felt rather annoyed lately to see the locality, nay, even the exact spot, where this, one of our rarest British plants, was to be found, recorded in one of your contemporaries, the editor of which would have deserved a deep debt of gratitude from lovers of our British flora had he censured instead of published such an article. The flower, for there are rarely two, is large and con- spicuous, of a rich dark brown colour, the lip alone being yellow and spotted. In the cultivation of this plant we have been singularly unsuccessful, which may be attributed, at least to a great extent, to our inability to procure good hardy specimens, many of those sold by dealers in such being grown under glass, and consequently unfit for outdoor planting. With a batch of, to all appearance, strong healthy roots we hope to be more successful in the future. Ncollia Nidus-avis : the Bird's-nest Orchis. — We are not aware that this plant has been successfully cultivated by any one ; indeed, its true nature does not seem to be properly understood. Some suppose it to be parasitical ; indeed, the whole plant has the pallid hue, destitute of green, peculiar to parasitical plants in general. On several occasions we have attempted to establish this Orchid but without success. Mr. Malan, of Cheam, Surrey, to whom we are indebted for specimens, has furnished us with the following information regarding this peculiar plant : — " The opportunities of observing this most curious plant are certainly few and fat between, for, besides its acknowledged scarcity, it does not always reappear in those peculiar localities where it professes to grow. No doubt this accounts for the very limited information we possess. I have as yet only been able to (ind it in one place — namely, in a small Oak wood near Cheam, Surrey. The soil is cold, hard, uncompromising clay, which, after a short absence of rain, becomes cracked, and on the surface like stone. Beneath it retains its moisture and is terribly sticky. The difficulty of taking up a plant uninjured is therefore rather great. The appearance of the flowers is exquisite ; growing together in clusters or singly among the Ivy, with which the ground is covered, there is an airy grace about them which is rather bewitching — their faint colour, their faint, foxy odour, their minute gold streak where the pollen masses lie ensconced, make a picture of great beauty. I cannot say that I have been able to observe the Birds'-nest Orchid very accurately, for those plants which I placed in pots did not thrive, nor did others which I transplanted when just above-ground ever increase. I cannot say either that I have found them attached to the roots of trees, for the specimens above mentioned were free in the clay. The roots present the appearance of vermicelli, all twined together and extremely brittle. They proceed from a rough, pre- morse stock, which stock has a few eyes or new plants showing. I am of opinion that the plant requires the tannin of Oak or Beech leaves to ensure its growth, which, if correct, may account for the failure of my attempt to grow them in pots. The whole plant is fawn-coloured, with nothing green about it. It has no leaves, but scales or bracts in place of leaves. The stalk is tough. The spot where the plants grew in iSSo was entirely destitute of them in 1881 and also in 1S82 ; but quite in a separate part of the wood both this summer and last many fine single plants were to be observed. In all the specimens I have observed the supply of seed has been most bountiful. Each seed is contained in a careful case of fantastic structure, exactly similar to the seed of O. mascula," T/ie Ladys-itvsst-Sy Spiranthes autumnalis, a small but deliciously fragrant Orchid, is a native of dry, hilly pastures in many parts of England as well as Ireland. The leaves, three or four in number, are rather crowded at the base of the stem, spreading and ovale. From alongside these leaves issues the flowering stem to a height of 6 or 8 inches, and bearing small white flowers in a single spiral row. Cooi/yt-ra renins is a rare and beautiful British plant, occurring in only a few counties of Scotland, and there very sparingly distributed. The leaves are evergreen, ovate and smooth, beautifully speckled with light brown, and distinctly ribbed. The flowers are sweet-scented, small, and nearly white or tinged with green. It is easily grown in a damp, shady situation among leaf-mould and sand, but requires thorough drainage, as neglect of this we have found fatal to the plant. The Iwo-kaved IJfaris, L. Lccselii, is a larger plant than the above, with bright green, lanceolate leaves and flowers of a pale yellow or lemon colour. The bulb of this Orchid, which is enveloped in soft scales, sends up a triangular flower-stem to about double the height of the leaves. We grow this species under similar circumstances and alongside Goodyera repens, both having flowered well with us during the past season, A. D. Webster, Llandegai, Bangor, N. IV. NEW GARDEN PEAS AT BOREATTON PARK. Those who are acquainted with Mr. Henry Eck- ford, and know something of his good work with the Verbena, Dahlia, Pelargonium, &c., in times past, will not be surprised to learn that he is still actively engaged in making judicious crosses, and seeking in every way in his power to improve some, at least, of the plants he cultivates so well. He has secured a very fine break of main crop Peas that appears likely to be of great service for general garden, and espe- cially for exhibition purposes. The fact that the Fruit and \'egetable Committee of the Royal Horti- cultural Society have recently awarded Mr, Eckford a First-class Certificate for Duke of Connaught, one of his new varieties, is ample proof that the strain is a valuable one. Duke of Connaught is a strong grow- ing, free-bearing variety, with large, long, well-filled, pale green pods, square at the end, and very fine for the exhibition table. It grows about 5 feet in height. This resulted from a cross between Champion of England and G. F, Wilson. Another very line variety, not included in the Chis- wick trial, has been named Progress. It came from a cross between Ne Plus Ultra and G. F. Wilson ; grows 5 feet in height, and is a very fine late variety of the Ne Plus Ultra type, with very large broad pods that are well filled ; and this also will be of great value for exhibition purposes : a vigorous grower, and a very free bearer. Another very fine variety has been named Magni- ficent, and it appears to be one of the very finest of the main crop wrinkled marrows in cultivation. It has very large, broad, long, well filled and singularly handsome pods of a pale green colour, square at the end, and unrivalled for exhibition purposes. It came from a cross between Telephone and Ne Plus Ultra, and grows to a height of 4J feet. In this we get a very fine-looking Pea of the Telephone type, but entirely destitute of that puft'y appearance about the pods that so often proves deceptive. Invincible, sent to Chiswick under the name of Home Ruler, has square-topped, large, pale pods, having nine to ten fine Peas in each on an average. This, like the fore- going varieties, fills well, and cannot yield a poor crop if well grown. It came from a cross between G. F. Wilson and Hair's Dwarf Mammoth, and averages 4,5, feet in height, A variety named Duchess of Albany comes near to Duke of Connaught, and there- fore need not be described. A dwarf variety, named Victor, grows to a height of 3 feet. It has very fine, well-filled, square-topped pale green pods ; a prolific bearer, and stands well. This came from Champion of England crossed with Advancer. Another, named Perpetual — which is not a good name, seeing there is already a variety in cul- tivation named Walker's Perpetual — is of dwarf growth, has fine pods of the Veitch's Perfection type, and bears until quite late in the season. This came from Ne Plus Ultra and William the First. Tested with Walker's Perpetual, which appears to be a late selection from \'eitch's Perfection, it appeared to be a more profuse bearer, and gave larger pods. And that Mr. Eckford should have a reliable standard by which to judge of the value of his own seedlings, he has this season cultivated a few of the newer introductions of Peas of late years. Robert Fenn, 3 feet, is a remarkably fine main crop variety, producing line well filled pods, a free bearer, and of vigorous growth. The appearance of this fine Pea fully justified the award of a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society. Culverwell's Giant Marrow is a fine late Pea, with long well filled pods, somewhat pointed ; but, good as it is, surpassed by Eckford's Magnificent. A few other new sorts, though grown with great care, were decidedly disap- pointing. Mr. I'xkford has now grown these Peas for two or three years, and it can be stated they are uniform and fixed in character. They deserve to win their way into the front rank. In prosecuting his crosses Mr. Eckford aims at attaining to certain definite results, and he has succeeded in a remarkable degree. It now remains for the public to endorse by an appre- ciative approval the work so carefully and successfully performed with such satisfactory results. They are dealt with in this paper only after a very careful per- sonal inspection. No doubt the fine development of the Peas grown by Mr, Eckford is due, to some extent, to his practice of thin sowing. All his new varieties are of a singu- larly free branching character, and the seeds are sown well apart ; but they produce marvellous plants, that fill out the line as densely as do varieties sown much more thickly, and these plants produce crops startling in their profuseness. R. D. YEAST FUNGI. Dr. Oscar Brefeld, whose work, Botanischc Untersuchungen tiher ^chirnnielpilze, is well known, has just published the fifth part of the same work under the modified title of Botanischc Untcr- stiehutigen ither Hejatpihe Fortsetzung det SchifH' inelpilze. The alteration in the title was made with the object of bringing the work under the notice of a wider circle of readers likely to be interested in the fungi of fermentation. This part is devoted to researches on the Ustilagineas, with especial reference to the smut diseases of corn. It is preceded by a disquisition on the artificial cultivation of parasitic fungi, and followed by an essay on the morphological value of the yeasts. In his preface the author states that his investigations prove that the various kinds of yeast hitherto described and regarded as independent fungi, are nothing more than the conidial forms of other fungi. The yeasts, or yeast conidia- forming fungi, belong to the most different groups of fungi, as, for example, the Ustilaginese or smuts, the Tremellinece or jelly fungi, and the Ascomycetes. They are characterised by pos- sessing the capability of forming, in or upon nutrient solutions, conidia, which propagate them- selves by direct germination. The multiplication of the yeasts continues in an indefinite number of generations as long as the nutrient matter in the solutions lasts, without pro- ducing any other forms. In this work only those yeast-forms are dealt with that are conidia-fructifi- cation of various smuts. Dr. Brefeld goes on to say that the apparent exclusive occurrence of forms of smut on determined parts of certain plants has naturally led to the assumption] that the conditions essential to the existence of these fungi are only found in these so-called hosts or nurse-plants, and therefore that these fungi were parasites in the strictest sense ; but his investigations show that this view is preconceived and erroneous. These fungi grow in any artificial nutrient solution with the greatest freedom, and the majority of them exhibit therein an unlimited reproduction. In consequence of the extreme facility with which these parasites develope on other matrices, and the indefinite multiplication of their germs in the form of yeast conidia, the views concerning the whole subject of their life and distribution and the smuts they cause, undergo a complete modification. The work is illustrated with thirteen quarto plates crowded with drawings, affording evidence of an enormous amount of labour. Two full years, the author states, were devoted to the experiments and researches, and when we consider that Dr. Brefeld had lost the sight of one eye entirely before he began them we are filled with admiration of his courageous perse- verance with difficult microscopic work under such adverse circumstances. Part 6 will appear shortly, dealing with a new type of the Myxomycetes, and containing the complete life history of a new Ento- mophthora, which the author has been able to follow in artificial cultivation through every stage of its development ; and Part 7, for which most of the work is nearly finished, will be a continuation of the researches on yeast fungi. 204 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August i8, 1883. LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS. {^Continued from p. 152.) 71. Epidendrum (Euepidendrum — Amphiglotti- DEJE) ELLIPTICUM, Graham ; Hook., Exoi. FL, t. 207 ; Undl., Fol. Orch., n. 2jo ; IVaip. Ann., vi., p. 395 ; Lodd,, Bot. Cab., t. 1276. M. crassi- folium, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3543 —Brazil. Sent to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden by Captain Graham in 1824 ; flowered in 1826. Flowers rose- colrured or purple, half an inch across, about a dozen clustered at the top of a long scape. Differs from E. elongatura in its elliptical, blunt leaves. Hort. Kew. 72. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottideje) elonga- TUM, Jacq., Ic. PI. Rar., iii., t. 604 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 231; Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 395; BoL Mag., t. 611 ; Lodd., Boi. Cab., t. 986. Amphi- glottis secunda, Salisbury, Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. , i. , p. 294. E. secundum, Linn. ; Jacq., Stirp. Amer., t. 137. — Mexico to Venezuela and in the West Indies. Cultivated in this country at the begin- ning of the century. Flowers about half an inch across, bright rose, clustered at the top of a long scape, occasionally branching at the tip. Hort. Kew. 73. E. (Euepidendrum— Sessiliflor.^;) equitans, Lind., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 44 ; Fol. Orch., n. 237 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 397. — Mexico. Sent to the Horticultural Society of London, by Mr. Hartweg. In habit this is like a Fernandezia ; and it has solitary, sessile, dull chocolate-brown flowers. Hort. Kew. 74. E, {AuLiZEUM — Schistochila) erubescens, Lindl.; Hook., Journ. Bot., iW., p. 87 ; Fol. Orch., n. 95 ; Walp. Anii., vi., p. 350 ; Batem., Orch. Mex. and Gnat., t. 32. — Mexico, 7530—8000 feet. A fine plant, having very large panicles of delicate rose-coloured flowers about 2 inches across. I believe this very handsome Orchid has never borne flowers under cultivation. It is one of the Orchids that collectors should look after. E. esculentum Hortul. =r aciculare. 75. E. (Encyclium) euosmum, Rchb. f., Linncsa, xli., p, 79. — Brazil. Sent by Mr. Blunt to Messrs. Low ; flowered by Mr. Day. Allied to E. alatum ; flowers having the odour of Violets. 76. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide^e) erec- TUM, Rchb. f., Bot. Mag., t. 5902 ; Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 646. — New Grenada ?~ Cultivated at Kew many years previous to being figured in 1871. A showy species, with ample racemes of rich purple flowers ; lip deeply fringed, the central lobe again divided into two spreading segments. Hort. Kew. 77. E. (AuLiZEUM — Schistochila) falcatum, Lindl., A7in, Nat. Hist. 1840 ; Fol. Orch., n. 91 ; Walp. An?i., vi. , p. 348. £. lactiflorum, A. Rich, and Gal., A7UI. Sc. Nat., s^rie 3, iii., p. 22. E. Par- kinsonianum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3778. E. at- oifolium, Batem. Orch, Mex. and Guat., t. 25 ; Gard. Chron., n. s., ix. , p. 724. — Mexico and Guatemala, Introduced by Mr. J. Parkinson, Consul at Mexico, and cultivated by the Duke of Bedford. Flowers about 5 inches across, greenish- yellow, with a brighter yellow labellum that is not fringed. Hort. Kew. 78. E. (Aulizeum) fallax, Lindl., Orch. Linderi, p. 9; Fol. Orch., n. no; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 353. E. Li?ideni, Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist., xii., p. 397. — New Grenada, at 6000 — 10,000 feet. Introduced by Linden in 1842. Lindley distin- guishes two varieties, one having a purple lip edged with white — the other a white and yellow lip. 79. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide^) fasti- GIATUM, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 175; Walp. Ann., vi.. p. 376 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96.— New Grenada. Introduced by Mr. Linden in 1843. Very like E. paniculatum, but with a more erect stiffer panicle and shorter flowers. 80. E. favoris, Rchb. f., Gird. Chron., n. s., ii., p. 98. — Mexico. Imported by Mr. Backhouse, Holgate House, York. Near E. Boothianum, differing in its one-leaved pseudobulbs. Flowers small, yellowish, mottled with brown. 81. E. (Euepidendrum) fimbriatum, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., i., p. 351 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 406 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 263. £. altenratts, Lindl. ; Hook., Journ. Bot., iii., p. 88. — New Grenada to Peru, at 8000—11,000 feet. Intro- duced by Mr. Linden in 1843. A slender plant, about 6 inches high, with small racemose pale rose-coloured flowers. 82. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) flabellatum, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 15 ; Walp. Aim., vi., p. 324. — Mexico. Cultivated by Mr. Harris. Flowers the size of those of E. odoratissimum, dull yellowish-brown ; lip yellow, with crimson lines. E. FLAVIDUM z=. leucochilum. E. flexuosum = imatophyllum. 83 E, - (Euepidendrum — Paniculat.^) floribun- dum, H.B.K., Nov. Ge?i. et Sp., i., t. 86; lAnd\., Fol. Orch., n. 293, in part; Bot. Mag., t, 3637. E. ornatutn, Lemaire, "Jard. Fleur., iv.. Misc., p. 67, with a figure. — Mexico. Imported and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges before 1838. Sepals and petals olive-green ; lip and column white, dotted with crimson. The petals are very slender, as in E. polyanthum. Hort. Kew. E. formosum Hi alatum. 84. E. (AULIZEUM— Holochila) fragrans, Swartz ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 122 ; Bot. Mag., t. 1669 ; Lodd., Bot, Cab., t. 1039 ; Andrews, Bot. Rep., t. 645. E, cochleatum, Curtis, Bot. Mag., t. 159, Fol. Orch., n. 178; -New Grenada. Intro- 103. 104. 105, 106. 107. not of Linn. E. csmulum, Lindl., 5(7/. Reg. 1898. E. linedtufn, Salisb, , Prodr., p. 10. — Widely dispersed in Tropical America. Cultivated in this country towards the end of the last century. Flowers very fragrant, pale green or cream, with crimson streaks on the lip, variable in size, 99. Pseudobulbs probably always only one-leaved, though two are shown in the Bot. Mas., fig. 152. Lindley distinguishes a variety megalanthum, having very large flowers, with vivid stripes of rich crimson on the lip. Hort. Kew. 85. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) Friderici GULIELMI, Warsc. and Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 100. 1854, p. no ; Xe?iia Orch., i., p, 158, t. 51 ; ///. Hort., n. s., t. 48, copied in Puydt les Orch., t. 19 ; Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 646. — Peru, at 6000 — 8000 feet. Discovered by Warscewicz, and subsequently introduced by Wallis for Mr. Linden. Flowers dark purple with some white and yellow at the base of the lip. 86. E. (Euepidendrum) frigidum. Linden, Bot. Reg., ^°^ 1845, Misc., p. 76; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 286; Walp. Ami., vi., p. 411 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. j. Linden, who found it growing on wet rocks at but little distance from the eternal snow, at the height of 13,000 feet ^°^ above the sea. Flowers pale rose, in long droop- ing panicled racemes. 87. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) fuscatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 15 ; Fol. Orch., n. 36 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 330. E. Sagrnd seems never to have been very abundant in this country, or if so the plants have dwindled away, and are rarely seen now. It is a showy species, having bottle-shaped bulbs of a dull lead colour, rendering it very distinct from the majority of its congeners. It produces spikes in great profusion, about 6 to 10 inches long, bearing six to twelve small crimson and yellow flowers, of which the fish-tail-shaped labellum is the most attracting feature. It is of a hardy constitution, thrives well when grown in company with O. cheirophorum, and never fails to yield an abundance of flowers about the end of July or the beginning of August. The plant has been in flower with ]\Ir. Peacock for upwards of three weeks, and it will retain its beauty for fully three more to come. W. Goslling, Stidlniry Bouse, Haniinersiiiith, Ei'iDENDRUM iirassavol.1i. — Amongst the nu- merous and varied species that bloom from time to time in the Orchid-houses at Kew, although incom- parable with the matchless colour of E. vitellinum, this one may with propriety be reckoned amongst Ihe best from a decorative or ornamental standpoint. The sepals and petals are narrow but of great length, and, notwithstanding their dusky yellow colour before expansion, become eventually of a shining deep amber- yellow on the inner face. The labellum is broader and while with a purple tip. Considering the enor- mous number of known species and the consequent similarity of allied forms, this one stands out pro- minently and distinctly from the rest, as a subject deserving the cultivator's best attention. Like most of the species the flowers possess the property of lasting for weeks in excellent condition. E. brassa- vola' is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5664. FRUIT NOTES. Free Rearing Api-les. — Amidst the wealth of Apples found everywhere this season there may first for the moment perhaps be a tendency to forget those sorts that in scarce years prove to be our best friends ; there is the more need to remember these, because scarce years, as we now find to our cost, must largely prevail, and were our almost certain fruiters to fail us as often as the irregular ones do, it would be a poor look-out for the Apple growers. It is pleasing, however, to find that whilst some old friends that are stedfast and enduring are being brought to the front again, newer kinds are introduced, that when better known will become very popular, and of these few perhaps none excel Lord Suffield, Ecklinville Seedling, and Stirling Castle, We saw the latter fruiting the other day at Chiswick in marvellous form, and it was mentioned that so astute a grower as Mr. F. Dancer is working it on to the stems of many irregular kinds largely. Market growers especially who want reliable bearers and early ones, should grow this Apple, and either by planting, or working it on to their old and uncertain kinds, soon secure a big stock of it. Lord Suffield is cropping again in magnificent style, but the demand for Ecklinville is, we hear, causing Lord Suftield to be propagated in less numbers in the fruit tree nurseries. Of old and, except in the east of England, little known sorts, that never fail a crop, none is more worthy of notice than the Harvey Codlin, or Dr. Harvey as it is sometimes called. This is a fine conical yet handsome kind, has very much of the Lord Suffield growth, but is far hardier and more enduring. It shows some neglect on the part of trade growers that there are many lists in which this kind does not figure, and yet it will be found by those who henceforth may grow it to be second to none as a reliable bearer, producing fine handsome fruits, fairly early, and of capital looking quality. The Fruit Crops. — Alas ! there is, as the old saying puts it, many a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip ; and it would appear th,at the same disappointment awaits Ui with regard to the fruit crop, at least that portion now remaining consisting of Apples and Pears, which are being knocked from the trees and beaten about by the wind in a most cruel and deplorable manner. Here, for the past two days, it has been blowing very strong, and this evening (the loth), while I am writing, the pressure is as great as it has been since the gale first set in. Many Apples and Pears are lying on the ground, and it can plainly be seen that those hanging are chafed and bruized in the skin, which injury is sure to check and interfere with their swelling, as well as damage their appearance when ripe. Fortunately most trees could spare some, but I greatly fear, where they are growing in anything like exposed places, the loss will be severe, and the worst part of it is that the fruit at this stage is not of much use, except it may be that of a few early kinds, which may perhaps be kept a short time before being cooked. One satisfactory feature about Apples and Pears is that, the trees, notwithstanding the load they had on them, are making good growth, and the leafage is not only ample, but clean and bright — which all promises well for another year, as with so much vigour and strength yet in them they cannot fail to develope and set plenty of bud, which they are rarely able to do when taxed with a crop. y. Sheppard. Early Peaches. —Although the season is some- what late, we have been gathering Early Rivers' Peach outdoors for the last week, the first being ready on August 4, and the rest have followed on so quickly that most, not pulled, have fallen into the net under the tree, which they leave as soon as they are at all ripe. Although not of first-class flavour, the fruit is very juicy, and it is convenient havinga Peach that will come in on the open wall at the season it does. The tree being young last year, I thought it would be a small sort, but the Peaches are as large as most of the late kinds, the fruit being much depressed at the crown, and the skin pale, with only faint streaks of colour where it is exposed to the sun. Early Beatrice and Louise were in about the same time, but both are too small to be of much value unless they were of far better flavour. Alexander is said to be the best of all the early Peaches, and I shall be glad to hear how it has turned out with those who are growing it, and whether it really deserves to be planted, as the time will soon be here for such work to be done. y. Sluppard. In all gardens of any pretensions whatever a good and continuous supply of salad is ejipected the year round, and Lettuce must form the main portion. On or soon after the 22d of this month is considered the best time to sow winter Lettuce, and a south border is the best place to sow them on, in 4 feet beds. We sow, of Cabbage kinds, the Tom Thumb, for planting-out in frames, and Lee's Immense Hardy Green, a variety which no winter has ever killed here ; and All the Year Round is another good kind, a somewhat later sort, which comes in fine with a little protection. Of Cos kinds we sow the Brown Cos, the Sugarloaf, and Hicks' Hardy White, which are best sown rather thinly, and left in the seed-beds till spring. Two AURUST iS, 1S83 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 207 conditions are, however, necessary to their well- being: first, sec that the beds slope sufl'iciently to throw ofl' the winter rains, and, secondly, keep a constant look-out for slugs. It is well to get a con- siderable breadth of border dug, because, on the same day, and under the same conditions, the sowing of Cauliflower for next year's summer supply must be got in. The Early P'orcing, Early Erfurt and Stadt- holder make a fine succession. One or more beds ought also now to be sown of American Cress, Corn Salad, and red Cabbage, and if the winter Onions and Spinach are not sown, as advised in our last, not a day should be lost in getting them in. The Onion crop in many localities will now be ripe, and when thoroughly dry the bulbs should be stored away in the Onion-loft, where, in arranging them, see that late-keeping kinds, such as James' Long Keeping, are kept separate for use late in the spring. It mat- ters not how cold the loft is for storing Onions pro- vided it is dry and airy ; the ground from whence the crop has been harvested is a capital place on which to plant Coleworts at i foot apart. These will aflbrd a good supply of greens for winter use. As fast as Peas are finished clear them olT the ground, and con- tinue to plant Broccoli and Borecole ; the Lapland Kale is most useful for a late supply. Scarlet Run- ners and late Peas will in many localities need water- ing and mulching to keep them bearing, and the dwarf French Beans sown last month should be well looked after, as they will be invaluable during October and November ; indeed, this crop is indispensable when venison is in the bill of fare. Continue to earth-up early Celery, and, if the weather is dry, water late kinds. Pass the hoe through late Parsley and the last sowing of Carrots, to induce them to grow strong before winter sets in. Where Radishes are used during winter this is the best lime to sow them, and the Turnip-rooted kinds are the best for that purpose. Tomatos will still need nailing up and to have super- fluous shoots removed, and those under glass should be gathered three limes a week. If not already done, let the early Potatos all be dug up and sorted, and where a sufficient breadth of Leeks has not been got in they may still be planted ; also get the last batch of Endive planted out in various situations, and some- where where it can have a little protection in extra severe weather. Keep the hoe going to encourage growing crops and keep weeds under, and let neat- ness and order prevail everywhere. See that the refuse vegetable heap is kept covered up, as nothing is more pestilential than a reeking mass of decaying vegetable matter. J. Rust, EriJ^e Castle, 31flelons anb iCucumbers. Melons. — Late plants which have just set their fruit should, as soon as they commence to swell, have them thinned out to three or four on each plant, leaving, of course, the best and most even-shaped fruit. Let the plants, when necessary, have a good soaking of weak liquid-manure while swelling-oft' their fruits. Damp the plants and the house in which they are growing mornings and afternoons during bright days, and when the temperature is likely to fall below 70° at night let the fires be lighted. Ventilate freely on all favourable occasions, and shut up about 3 r. M. during sunshine with a temperature of 85°, which maybe allowed to run up to 90°, with plenty of atmo- spheric moisture. Plants growing in dung frames should have water applied to them very sparingly now that the days are getting shorter, with a conse- quent prolongation of atmospheric moisture, which must necessarily arise in frames so heated. More- over, plants grown under such circumstances are not likely to suffer for want of water at the roots. As the chances of ripening late crops of fruits satisfac- torily in these frames depends in a great measure upon the character of the weather, which is now favourable to their development, every opportunity available should be embraced with the object of achieving a satisfactory result ; therefore close the house early every afternoon, and, if the day be bright and sunny, damp the plants lightly at the same time. H. IV. H'aiJ, Longford Castle Gardens. Cucumbers. — The house in which winter Cucum- bers are to be planted should be thoroughly cleansed — the woodwork washed with soft-soap and warm water, and the brickwoik and plaster with hot lime— for the reception of the plants. See that the drainage is per- fect before putting in the compost, which should be composed of the ingredients and in the proportion recommended in my last Calendar. Choose a dry day for mixing and getting it into the house, previous to which the drainage immediately over the hot- water pi pes should be covered with turves, placed grassysidedown- wards. This should be made into a ridge in the centre of the pit, or space allotted for the bed, and formed into hillocks, in accordance with the number of plants intended to be planted thereon, and within the re- quired distance of the glass, making due allowance for the subsiding of the soil. If the seeds have been sown and subsequently treated as recommended in these columns on the 4th inst., they will be ready in a lew days for shifting into their fruiting pots and boxes, or for planting on the hillocks. The plants, having been watered some time previously to being turned out of the pots, should have their roots disturbed as little as possible in the process of planting, pressing the soil firmly around each plant at the time of doing so, after which they should be supported by small sticks, which can be fastened to the first wire of the trellis. Should the sun be bright at the time the plants are being shifted it will be advisable to shade them for a few hours daily for a few days until they have estab- lished themselves, when it can be discontinued alto- gether. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle, Wilts. ;jlants and tl\clii \}M^, Ferns.— It will be necessary to keep a watchful eye against the depredation of insect pests amongst these plants now more especially, though at all times this essential work should not be overlooked. If brown scale or black thrips gain a foothold to any extent the fronds will be disfigured for the rest of the season, and as many of these cannot be removed now with the hope of advantageously replacing them by a vigorous young growth, the endeavour should be made to keep the matured fronds as clean and healthy as possible. Where it is thought necessaiy to give any a further shift this year, no delay should now be allowed in performing this work, in order to have the plants well established before winter comes on. In most cases, however, it will be found preferable to assist those that have become pol-bound with slight stimulants ; weak liquid manure or Peruvian guano will act beneficially on free-growing kinds. Nearly all the exotic Ferns that are most popular will, when in a healthy condition, and the pots are well-filled with roots, take a liberal quantity of water. Gymno- grammas should be closely looked after in this respect, and be well supplied at the root, but kept dry over- head. The fronds of these ornamental Ferns quickly wither up if overlooked ; and the same remarks apply with equal force to Pteris scaberula. Adiantum Far- leyense needs also a liberal supply. II this Fern has suffered at any time it will be observed afterwards that portions of the fronds are dried up. We used to attribute this to the dense growth, but now feel con- vinced it was caused through the plant being allowed to get too much on the dry side. All Ferns that are being grown in baskets will also need Ihe closest attention. If any of these are suspended over a path- . way where the drip is an inconvenience, the better plan will be to give them a good watering overnight. Tree Ferns should also be well looked after ; in a healthy state they will take an almost unlimited supply of water ; the stems and fronds should like- wise be well syringed at least once a day. Where this cannot at all times be conveniently done the stems can be well moistened through a fine rose attached to the water-can. It is grievous to look at a Tree Fern that has been allowed to suffer through want of sufficient water. Those that are carrying large crowns of foliage may, as a safeguard against this occurring so easily, have the stems bound up with sphagnum moss ; the roots will quickly take hold of this, and the plant will not be so dependent on drawing its supply from the pot or tub in which it is for the time being grown. Gleichenias that have become dense in foliage with a large amount of undergrowth should be gone over carefully to remove any that have become stale or are decaying. We make it a prac- tice to untie ours once a year, and cut out such as are unsightly, and then re-arrange the plant into shape once more. When this is being done the rhizomes that have extended beyond their limits should be care- fully pegged inwards again, and have a slight shaking of sandy peat sprinkled over them. By thus thinning out the old foliage more room will be given for the young fronds to push up strongly from the base. Keep the stock of decorative Ferns, and such as are being grown for supplying cut fronds, as light and airy as possible with safety to the plants. Adiantum cunealum in particular should be thus treated when any great quantity has to be provided for cut supplies. The fronds of this Fern are far more durable when thus grown in light and air. Give attention to the removing of all old fronds to avoid damping-off occurring later on in the season, and do not overcrowd the plants to any undue extent. Take every opportunity of increasing the stock of the more useful Uavallias, such as IX bullata, D. elegans, and D. dissecla. These are amongst the most valuable Ferns grown and should be more cultivated than they generally are to supply cut fronds, lasting as they do for a week or ten days in perfect condition. Seedlings of many Ferns will be found springing up in different directions, by pricking these off at once they will become nicely established by winter. For furnishing work look after such as Asplenium bulbiferum and A. flaccidum ; these can be readily increased from the old fronds. Pteris tremula and P. cretica are two very useful plants, so is Ilypolepis repens, with Nephrolepis tuberosa and N. pectinata for vases. Of the Filmy Ferns, Todea superba is an excellent sub- ject under a glass case for growing in a living-room. Any such that have filled their present position should be allowed more room before any of the young fronds become crippled through want of this essential ex- tension. Greenhouse Plants : Camellias. — The present is a very good time to shift any of these plants that may require this attention. We pre- fer to perform this work after the growth has been made for the season, rather than at the commence- ment of the same. If done when starting into growth, the chances are, that an extra strong shoot might be the result, terminating in a cluster of wood-buds in place of the necessary flower-buds. The roots will still be found to be in an active state if the plants are in good health, and will quickly lay hold of the new soil. This should be of the best description ; we use turfy yellow loam and sound fibrous peat as our staple compost, with a goodly amount of silver-sand added. In this mixture ours are thriving well, with vigorous dark green foliage. In potting use every precaution to work the fresh soil firmly around the old ball, and allow a goodly amount of drainage, as Camellias in a healthy state require abundance of water. Plants that are standing out-of-doors should be syringed on hot days towards the evening ; guard them also against being blown over by the wind, especially if just fresh potted. Where there are signs of white-scale take the first chance of getting rid of the same by an extra strong dose of any approved insecticide that has previously been found eflicacious. Roman Hyacinths, Paper- White and Roman Narcissus should be procured and potted up without delay if an early bloom is required. We have ours in, and shall get them in their pots as soon as possible ; then to be plunged in cocoa-fibre just above the pots, where the warmth of the sun's rays penetrates into the soil. Thus treated root-action soon commences, and the flower- spikes appear without any forcing at all. When advanced so far they can be easily brought on as re- quired. Lachenalias for an early batch may be shaken out, re-assorled, and potted up again. Though this bulbous plant will not bear forcing, an early potted- up lot can be had in flower a bit earlier than usual. James Hudson, Gminersbury House, Aug. 14. Peaches anb Wectarines. It is very essential at this season of the year to keep early and second houses as cool as possible. If the roofs are fixed keep all the ventilators and doors open to the fullest extent, but if the roof is made with movable sashes (which is very desirable for early houses) they may, if not already done, be now taken off altogether, with great benefit to the inmates. A good opportunity is also afforded to get the lights thoroughly cleaned and painted, and any necessary repairs dene to them that may be required, which are much more easily effected than when they are on the roof. Examine borders in succession-houses, and if at all approaching dryness, give liberal supplies of water. Keep all young shoots in late houses tied-in close and straight, and carry out the directions given in last Calendar. J. IVallis, Keek Gardens, Aug. 14. 2o8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August i8, 1883. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Trade Sale of Dutch Bulbs, by Protheroe Monday, Aug. 20 4 ''''? ,, . ° I fit Morns. Wednesday Aur. i, i Trowbridge Horticultural Society's Show. WEDNESDAY, Aug. 22 | 5^,^ ^^ OMc'n Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. f Basingstoke Horticultural Society's Show. Dundee Horticultural Society's Show (three I days) XuTTDcnw A...T -r, J Flower Show in Bowood Park, Calne. Thursday, Aug. 23 ^ g^,^ ^^ Imported Orchids, at Stevens' I Rooms. I Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & L Morris' Rooms. Pc.T^Av A „ «. I Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Friday. Aug. 24 j j,^^,^, ^„„^^ SATt;RDAY, Aug. 25 — Sale oi Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. OUR remarks on the uselessness of most of the collections of Wild Flowers ex- hibited at flower shows having been miscon- strued as condemnatory of all encouragement of wild flower competitions, we hasten to assure our correspondent, "W. P.," and others in- terested in the matter, that they have our heartiest sympathy and support in all their efibrts to foster a love for wild flowers, and especially in their endeavours to create a taste for the beautiful. In proof of this we need only refer to p. 89 of the same issue, in the report of the Ealing Horticultural Society, where, com- menting on the stands of cut flowers, we say, " Specially charming was a stand dressed solely with wild flowers and grasses, sent by Mrs. HA'V'WARd, of Ealing — a few blooms of the blue Cornflower, Buttercups, Ox-eye Daisies, wild Roses, and some grasses making up a pretty arrangement." What we had in view at the time we penned the statements alluded to by our correspondent, and what may be seen at nine out of ten of the flower shows at which prizes for wild flowers are offered, were the " collections of wild flowers," consisting of bunches of the various sorts huddled up together in the most tasteless manner imaginable, and the truly hideous " bouquets of wild flowers," in which the domi- nating idea is to crowd together a mass of flowers without any regard to the disposition of the colours. Then there were on our mind those still uglier monstrosities called " floral devices." The memory alone of what we have seen exhibited under this denomination is suffi- cient to give us a chill — elephants, towers, shields, crosses, crowns, and a variety of other " devices" have come under our observation ; and the perpetrators of such absurdities have been awarded prizes, and thereby stimulated to devise something still more fantastic and out- rageous. Such are the competitions we dis- courage and wish to see discontinued. In the place of collections of wild flowers we should like to see selections of wild flowers, the number of different kinds or species being defined in the schedule for each class, if more than one. Correct names here, as in the classes for cultivated flowers, should count for much, but the taste exhibited in the selection and arrangement should count for more. That the nature of the competition be clearly defined and limited in the schedule is of the first im- portance, otherwise competitors start in the dark, and to some extent on unequal terms. The amount of space allowed, the number of kinds to be e.xhibited in a given class, whether names (English or Latin, or both) will be con- sidered essential, are all points to be remem- bered by the framers of a schedule. It would also be well to point out whether mere rarity would influence the judges. As to this latter point, we should strongly discourage any procedure which might lead to the exter- mination of a rare plant. These details are as necessary for the judges as for the com- petitors, because they serve to lighten the duties of the judges, and their decisions would be more likely to give general satisfaction. Ac- cording to the locality in which the show is to be held, prizes might be offered for selections of maritime plants, of aquatic plants, of plants mainly confined to the chalk or other formation. For horticultural societies to attempt purely botanical work is, in our opinion, speaking generally, a mistake ; for, as " W. P." observes, the judges of cultivated plants are unwilling to pass judgment upon exhibits of wild flowers, though we believe their unwillingness proceeds more from the consciousness that correct naming — a point they cannot determine — counts for more than everything else — than contempt for wild flowers. Time was, within our memory, when many of the more intelligent gardeners did not appreciate the beauties of wild flowers ; but it should be remembered that gardeners were not alone in defective taste. To return, however, to the botanical side of the question, to offer prizes for the " largest and best named collection of wild flowers " is not the way to advance botany (that is, a knowledge of plants), nor is it calculated to promote or diffuse artistic taste. We repeat, it encourages mere collectors, many of whom know nothing of the plants beyond their names, which they pain- fully copy from a book. It also tends to the extirpation of rare plants ; and a fully competent botanist is necessary to act as judge if there are several competitors. On the other hand, we believe that it is possible in almost every dis- trict to find amateur botanists qualified to speak to the naming of such selections as we recom- mend— we mean, to the same extent as the ordinary judges are qualified to criticise the naming of the exhibits of cultivated flowers. With regard to judging purely ornamental arrangements of wild flowers there should be no difficulty, or at least no greater difficulty than in judging ornamental arrangements of cultivated flowers. And offering prizes for ornamental arrangements of wild flowers is, perhaps, the surest way of encouraging children, or even adults, to acquire that kind of know- ledge of them that will be serviceable and pleasurable to persons who are not training for botanists. Inculcate a love for wild flowers, and it will lead to inquiry and research. Rose Queen of Queens.— In the illustra- tion on the opposite page our engraver has succeeded admirably in the reproduction of one of Mr. H. Fitch's characteristic sketches. The variety repre- sented is the new Rose, Queen of Queens, which has been exhibited on various occasions during the present summer, and which is a continuation of the series of novelties which have been introduced by Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross. Its posi- tion as a desirable novelty has been recognised by the award of a First-class Certificate by the Royal Botanic Society of London. It is of a somewhat different strain to the ordinary run of hybrid per- petual Roses, being a cross between a hybrid per- petual and the Maiden's Blush, The flowers are pink, edged with blush, of large size, with smooth, well-rounded petals, closely and evenly arranged from the circumference to the centre of the flower. It is distinct, very sweet, and quite a show Rose, but even of more value as a garden Rose, on account of pos- sessing a hardy constitution, and flowering abundantly in late summer and autumn, in which quality many of the hybrid perpetual Roses are deficient. International Exhibition at Nice. — An International General Exhibition is to be held at Nice, opening on December i, 1S83, and closing May I, 1884 ; and we have received from Mr. A. Mazel, the Secretary of the Horticultural Division, a copy of the regulations and rules to be observed at the permanent and temporary exhibitions of the products of horticulture and objects connected therewith. These rules and regulations are much the same as those with which exhibitors at Continental shows are familiar, but persons wishing for further information should apply to the gentleman named above. The programmes and schedule of prizes are to follow shortly. Dahlias at South Kensington. — The fine size and quality of the Dahlia flowers shown by Mr. C. Turner on Tuesday last, proved beyond doubt that the present summer is bearing fruit in the shape of a remarkably fine Dahlia bloom. It is said the plants are vigorous, clean, and healthy, and when this is the case fine flowers are certain. We may therefore confidently expect that the Dahlia Show, to take place at the Crystal Palace on August 31, will be one of exceptionally high quality. The stands of single varieties shown by Mr. Turner and also by Mr. Ware, were highly attractive, fine in form, varied and brilliant in hue. In Mr. Turner's collection Morning Star, rich scarlet ; Alba, white; Huntsman, crimson ; Rob Roy, brilliant crimson ; Rosalind, salmon-orange ; and the fine old unbeaten Paragon, were particularly noticeable. There were other varieties of excellent merit also ; and the double bouquet Dahlias were very pleasing also, being in good variety and excellent character. Mr. Ware had, as usual, a very fine lot of single varieties, some shown for the first time. Among them were Ellen Terry, bright pink, very fine ; Orangeman, clear orange ; Henry Irving, rich bright crimson, very fine ; Negress, glowing maroon, very fine ; Lucy Ireland, bright rosy-purple, and others. Shown in bunches they were very effective, and they afforded great delight to such of the visitors to the Fisheries Exhibition as found their way into the conservatory. Amsterdam International Exhibi- tion, 1883.— We understand that the whole of the grounds round the Exhibition buildings were sown with Sutton's grass seeds, and the Messrs. SuTi'ON have just received the announcement that the highest recompense, viz., the Diplome d'Honneur, has been awarded them. We are also informed that Messrs. Bakker Brothers, bulb growers, of Benne- broek, near Haarlem, have been awarded a gold medal for their collection of bulbs, Successful Flower Shows. — It is some- times said that a decline is manifest in the case of great exhibitions held in London, and that while to a great extent maintaining theit high character as dis- plays of horticultural produce, they are not so success- ful financially as the promoters could desire. On the other hand, some country shows are great successes in regard to their finances, and this is perhaps not so much because of their character as shows — for this is sometimes poor — but because the occasion of the show is made a district holiday. Thus, at Atherstone, Warwickshire, a small town noted for its hat manu- factories, a flower show was held at Merevale Park on Bank holiday, the large sum of /140 was taken at the gates, another £,\o being taken by the sale of tickets ; but, in addition to the flower show, there were provided certain outdoor entertainments, wind- ing up with a display of fireworks. This last espe- cially attracted the people from the surrounding villages, and despite the great attraction of Lady Godiva at Coventry, hundreds came from Tamworth, Nuneaton, Polesworth, Hinckley, &c. There are persons who look with something like horror upon any proposal to add to a flower show anything beyond the plants and flowers ; but in many parts of the country the flowers of themselves fail to attract. Is it not wise, therefore, to make the exhibition the central feature, and add to it something of an entertaining character in the evening? Let it be remembered that flower shows are held generally in the long days of summer, and that it is necessary to close the tents by 7 o'clock in the evening, in order to admit of the removal of the plants, &c. It is then that something is needed to attract the notice and engage the atten- tion of sight-seers. It is not difficult to add some entertainment of a pleasant character, and promoters of flower shows find that one great advantage at least results from this — that the tents are cleared at removal time, that there is less of pilfering in consequence, and that exhibitors work with a greater sense of comfort and convenience in the important matter of the safe removal of their exhibits, Poisoned Soil.— At the Middlesex Indus- trial Schools, Feltham, there may be seen an interest- ing example of the effects of coal-gas upon soil. It seems that a few years since a pipe for the carrying of gas was laid across a piece of ground devoted to farm crops, and in some way or other there was a small local escape, the gas permeating the soil, and apparently poisoning it through an area of about 4 feet square. As a result nothing will grow on the infected soil, and during the past season there has been seen the curious spectacle of a big hole or barren patch of soil in the midst of a luxuriant crop of Barley, for not even the coarsest 0/ weeds will thrive on it. This one example is worth thousands, if needed, to show how very destructive to plant life is coal-gas, and that in towns and suburban districts, where service pipes are laid, and with none too much of care, the worst results to trees and shrubs follow. lllf^^JlglgJl^jJ^^^^^^^jl^^i^^J^^^jj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 210 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August i8, 1883. Some of the gas companies now lay their service mains in a coating of pitch. All who have such mains laid within their gardens or grounds should be careful that a similar precaution is taken. The com- panies do this to save their own pockets, although they make the customer pay for the additional precau- tion. But it is evident that gas-escapes into soil in which vegetable life is existing must be most danger- ous and harmful. It is bad enough to have beautiful flowers and foliage withered and destroyed by its products after combustion, but the effects of the gaseous compound upon the soil and what is within it seems to be even worse. We keep the plants from the gas, and we must be not less careful to keep the gas from the soil, New Varieties okGladioli. — Messrs. Kel- WAY & Son, Langport, and Messrs. ViLMOKIN, An- DRIEUX & Co., Paris, made a rare display of these at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting on Tuesday last. The Langport flowers were numerous and superbly beautiful, bold and striking in their propor- tions, and rich in colour. Her Majesty, a delicate blush variety heavily flaked with purple, and Duke of Teck, pale red flaked with maroon, well deserved the First-class Certificates awarded to them. All were so good that the Floral Committee must have had some difficulty in making a selection. In the collection from Paris were some very fine varieties, and the same award was made to two of them, viz., Andre Leroy, deep rose flaked with delicate lilac, and Grand Rouge, bright salmon-scarlet, the throat flamed with purple, very fine and distinct. But for its rich bril- liancy of colour what could compare with Ball of Fire in Messrs. Kelway & Son's stand ? Its bril- liant vermilion hue could be seen some distance away; it is one of the most striking varieties in cultivation. BiDDLEs' New White Rocket Candy- tuft.— Under this name Messrs. BiDDLES & Co., florists, &c., of Loughborough, exhibited at the meeting of the Atherstone Horticultural Society a vigorous growing and very distinct looking annual Candytuft ; it is of a distinct habit of growth, quite unlike that of the ordinary annual Candytufts, and is characterised by a vigorous development ; the snowy whiteness of the flowers, their large size and form, and by the long rocket-like trusses of bloom, which reach a length of 6 inches, and are at the same time very symmetrical — one could almost imagine that the blood of Iberis gibraltarica had been infused into it, as the strong foliage and manner of growth suggests this, but it is an annual and not a perennial. It is said to be perfectly hardy, and stands the winter well, and therefore seed should be sown in autumn and again in spring. This desirable Candytuft is next season to be distributed by Messrs. BiDDLES & Co. Its parentage is not known, but it is supposed to have originated in Scotland, and was selected by the Loughborough firm. At Atherstone it was awarded a First-class Certificate of merit, as a new and desir- able plant. Clematis Jackmanni.— For several weeks past travellers by the loop line of the South-Western Railway have not failed to notice a truly beautiful dis- play made by Clematis Jackmanni in the Wood Lane nursery of the firm of Messrs. Charles Lee & Sons, Isleworth. On either side of a long path are stout poles up which the plants are trained, and from the tops of the poles run the entire length stout strips of wood all of which is covered with growth and flowers, presenting an effect that is unwonted and beautiful. As the Clematis growth forms a cluster at the top of each pole natural arches are formed between, and it does but need that there should be beneath each a stout pyramid or bush plant of other equally robust late summer blooming kinds to complete that which has been so well begun. Few arrangements can better tend to illustrate the rich merits of Clematises than does the one under notice. Mignonette. — At the Bedfont Seed Grounds there is now growing a breadth of the Giant White strain of Mignonette, the plants of which, raised in a frame, were dibbled out in the month of May, each one about 15 inches from the other. It is supposed that Mignonette transplants badly, and as the young plants seem at the first to almost disappear there seems so far ground for the impression that they soon die. Several years' experience of dibbling out from the seed-pan at Bedfont, however, has shown very contrary results, and this season the growth is as robust and as fine as it is possible to conceive. All the plants have grown into a mass of leafage and flower, and the spikes of bloom, all of great size and of the finest quality, stand up all over the bed, which, in fact, literally bristles with the pointed heads of bloom. There are many branches of seedpod and flower quite 12 inches in length. The soil is far from being rich, and during the present season has been very dry, yet there is abso- lutely no comparison whatever between the growth of plants, standing, of course, much more thickly where sown, and those transplanted thinly. One reason for this transplanting is that the soil is in winter very retentive, and in the spring usually forms a cold rough seed-bed, and seed often fails to germinate, or does so very late. The plan of dibbling out overcomes this difficulty, and no doubt it might be adopted with advantage in all gardens where otherwise Mignonette does not thrive. Dasylirion glaucum. — A few weeks ago at Kew the female plant of this noble Lily-wort pro- duced a fine panicle of flowers, which is now covered with well developed although necessarily abortive fruit, because of the then impossible means of ferti- lisation. A second plant now flowering has proved itself to be the male plant. This inflorescence is necessarily of the same construction, with this differ- ence, that the secondary or lateral spikes of the panicle are more slender and flaccid than that of the former, assuming a spreading or reclining direction, while that of the former are nearly erect. For deco- rative or garden purposes, as far as the inflorescence is concerned, the male plant is by far the most orna- mental, as the stamens are bright yellow, and, seen in a mass, are productive of good effect. The perianth in both plants is small and inconspicuous, so that there is an absence of colour in the female flower till the three-angled and winged fruit is considerably developed, when it assumes a fuscous or dull purple colour. The fruit bears a remarkable resemblance to that of a Rheum or Rumex, and the two separate inflorescences are certainly interesting from a botanical or from a horticultural point of view, Arrangement of Plant and Fruit Houses. — In the erection of plant or fruit houses at the present day, the span, standing north and south, meets with general approval as the best form and position for all purposes. And where several are being erected at the same time a not unusual course is to place them in a series side by side, connecting the whole with a span or oftener a lean-to corridor running across the northern ends of the entire block. This plan has much to commend it, not alone for conve- venience and comfort in reaching the whole during all weathers without exposure to the open air, but also for the lengthened promenade it affords, and above all for the number of fine climbing plants which can usually be better accommodated in a place of this description than in either a stove or greenhouseof the ordinary description — for such a struc- ture is generally kept at a temperature in winter inter- mediate between the two, and thus meets the wants cf the many fine intermediate-heat plants that are often absent for want of a suitable temperature ; but where this kind of arrangement exists the houses that thus abut on the corridor at their northern end should always stand far enough apart to allow the admission of the necessary light through the side glass. Where the great and irremediable mistake is made of attaching the houses together side by side, with no intervening space between them, the amount of light indis- pensable to the plants is impossible, as there is only the roof through which it can enter, and this is insufficient, unless in very narrow houses, only required for growing small stock, where, consequently, the stages can be kept within a short distance of the glass at the eave of the roof. Recently we saw a place where near upon a dozen large roomy houses had been lately erected side by side abutting each other, the side wall and glass of each house acting as a division betwixt it and the next adjoining ; the result of which was, that the plants on the side stages of the whole received little more than half the light they required. In the case of some of these houses an attempt bad been made to mitigate the evil by raising the side stages, so that the plants stood almost on a level with one's shoulders when standing in the path, having, needless to say, a very unsightly effect, and only to a limited extent correcting the mischief. In another place, where an extensive lot of houses had been similarly connected with a corridor, a space was left between each of the houses of some 25 feet, and where, as a consequence, side-light was admitted in full volume. In both cases the houses stood north and south, and nothing had been spared in either workmanship or material ; but the difference amounts to this, that in the range where the structures stand abutting each other, all the cultural skill and attention possible will never bring out the plants in a condition equal to that which they will reach with ordinary care where plenty of side- light reaches them as well as through the roof. ■ Ononis Natrix. — Few of the species of this genus are at all popular in gardens, which is all the more wonderful seeing that their cultivation is of the simplest. The present one was originally introduced to British gardens about 200 years ago, but seems to have made little or no headway whatever in its dis- semination amongst private places. It is of a sub- shrubby nature and procumbent in habit, which latter characteristic points to its suitability for the rock gar- den, where advantage may be taken of its branching shoots to cover or partly hide the larger stones-. Here also it will be seen with the best effect, and like other species it roots so deeply that there is no danger of starving it through want of moisture. The standard of the bright yellow flowers is remarkably large, and beautifully marked externally with longitudinal fork- ing red veins, so that it forms the chief feature of the whole bloom in the folded state both before and after flowering. The plant is figured in the Botanical Magazine^ t. 329, and a fine specimen on the new rockery at ICew keeps up a succession of bloom nearly the whole summer. ECHINOPS Ruthenica. — Without doubt this is one of the best of the Globe Thistles, which are so distinct in appearance from the general run of Composites that every collection of any pretensions ought to include a few of them at least. They derive their name from the arrangement of the inflorescence, which is an aggregation of flower-heads, each with its own special involucre, and not in a single head as in the predominant mode of arrangement. These flower-heads in the present instance have the invo- lucral leaves of a deeper blue than the florets them- selves, and in consequence serve to keep the plant gay and attractive for some time both before and after flowering. In ordinary soils that are comparatively dry this species does not exceed a height of 2 or 3 feet, and being of erect habit and moderately slow of increase it may be admitted to the best kept part of the herbaceous border without danger of its inter- fering with the other occupants. It is to be seen in the Kew collection and a few neighbouring gardens. Turnips. — In spiie of thunder showers here and there we are getting a dry spell of weather gene- rally, and because of its continuance there is danger that our customary winter supply of Turnips will be small. Apart from the difficulties which attend upon the germination and growth of Turnip seed and plants when the soil is parched and dry, we know that the beetle which preys upon the plant soon decimates it, and renders the crop, if not void utterly, 'at least valueless. It is also a fact that sowings after the end of August are useless for winter bulbing, though available for spring topping, and hence not absolutely profitless. If, therefore, the dry weather should continue throughout the present month, delight- ful as it will prove for holiday makers, the harvest, and the Potato crop, it will render Turnips scarce ; and thus we shall find, at least, one not incon- siderable fly in our otherwise satisfactory pot of ointment. In some localities, and we note its intro- duction recently into West Middlesex, there exists the practice of sowing Turnip seed amongst Broad Beans when the latter are some iS inches in height, but a late sown breadth of Beans is best. The plan has these advantages — first, that the shade thrown by the Beans keeps the soil cool and moist ; and second, the beetle seldom attacks Turnips so sown. The result is, where seed is sown thinly, a capital plant and a full crop of Turnips following upon the Beans. In not a few cases such sowings promise to be the only crop of Turnips of the season. • COSE.'EA coccinea. — Among the plants at Kew from the rich collection of the late Mr. JOAD, is one bearing the above name. By the aid of Pkitzel it was easy to find the place of its publica- tion, as a figure of a flower is given with the descrip- tion of the plant. This is in the Illustralion Horti- cole, ii. {1855), p. 71, where Lemaire, the then editor, I Auci'sT i8, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 211 stales that the plant was cultivated under that name, but by whom it was given was a mystery. Lemaire was only able to describe male flowers, which are very remarkable for the steeple-like receptacle on which the stamens are inserted ; but he correctly referred the plant to the Schizandres. This being a small group, we soon found that Cosbrea coccinea was identical with Kadsura chinensis of Hance in Bentham's Flora Hoiigkon^ensis, but not Kadsura chinensis, TuRCZ., which is the hardy Maximowiczia chinensis, Rui'R., otherwise Schizandron chinensis, Baill. After getting thus far we had occasion to refer to BaillOiN's llisloirc des Plantes, and there we found that the author had anticipated our identification ; and as he reduces the genus Kadsura to Schizandra he was under the necessity of giving our plant a new specific name, because there was already a Schizandra chinensis ; so he proposed the name S. Ilanceana. However, we should prefer retaining the genus Kad- sura, as it is readily distinguished by its different fruit, which is a spheroidal mass of fleshy carpels. In K. chinensis, IIance, the fruit is 4 inches in diameter. The fruit of .Schizandra is very singular. After flowering the receptacle bearing the carpels grows into a slender body 2 to 3 inches long, so that the carpels are separated from each other, and have all the appearance of being the fruits of so many distinct flowers. Kadsura chinensis is an evergreen shrubby climber, having leathery light green leaves, like some of the Uoyas, and green flowers with some scarlet at the base. The flowers are about \\ inch long, with an envelope consisting of about fifteen parts not dis- tinguishable into calyx and corolla. Being a native of Hong Kong and South China this plant will need a warm greenhouse or stove. Sweet Pea, New Carmine Rose. — This very charming and distinct new variety, shown by Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, E.C., at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, was rightly awarded a First-class Certificate of Merit. No information appeared to be forthcoming as to its origin, but its beauty and distinctive character were acknowledged by all. It is a self-coloured variety, the standard and wings being of a soft pinkish-rose, retaining its colour well, bright and pleasing to the last, the flowers large and of fine form. It is a most useful addition to our list of Sweet Peas, and there is no reason why it should not be indefinitely extended. Mr. EcKFORD and others appear bent on doing some acceptable work in this direction. Rhaponticum cvnarioides. — Several species of this genus are to be found in gardens, and to hardy plant lovers they form very distinct and massive-looking subjects for mixing with others of a more slender and graceful habit of growth. No one would recommend them for general cultivation to supply the wants of the cut flower basket, but for a general display out-of-doors they have much to recom- mend -them. The foliage of all is more or less felted underneath with a white tomentum, and the generally one^flowered stems range from one to several feet in height. The subject of this note, to be seen in the herbaceous ground, Kew, averages about 2 feet, and bears up its great purple flower heads without any attention in the way of support, or danger of being blown about by unseasonable weather. As a promi- nent plant for the bolder parts of a rockery it is most suitable, as well as select enough for any herbaceous border, and, being a native of the Pyrenees, it is quite hardy. Veronica parviflora. — Amongst the numerous species belonging to this, the shrubby ever- green section of the genus, few are more readily dis- tinguishable from its closely related congeners than the subject of this notice. Under the same circum- stances and treatment it flowers later than V. salici- folia, for a narrow-leaved variety of which it might at first sight be mistaken. The long linear leaves, how- ever, are three-nerved and entire, not penninerved and serrate, as in V. salicifolia. A profusely flowered plant is to be seen on the new rockery at Kew, the flowers of which are white, faintly tinged with lilac, forming a beautiful contrast to the deep purple stamens. As this is the second season of the plant in its present position, and having withstood the severity of March last without the slightest protection what- ever, it must be reckoned hardy enough to encourage its cultivation under favourable circumstances in the open air to a much greater extent than at present we find it. There is a narrow-leaved variety in cultiva- tion (whether permanent or not) under the name of V. parviflora angustifolia, ViGUiERA RIGIUA. — There was much puzzlement amongst the quidnuncs the other day at Slough in getting at the correct name of a plant growmg in one of the herbaceous quarters of the Royal Nursery, which was then carrying some large yellow single flowers of the most lesthetic mode ; and, apart from all floral crazes, very striking and beau- tiful they were. There was about the leafage no inconsiderable resemblance to that of a Gaillardia, and some thought it must belong to that genus. Then again it was declared to be a Sunflower, and hence a Ilelianthus ; whilst it was not less confidently asserted that it was a Rudbeckia. It was not the common difficulty of finding the plant to answer to the name, but rather the name that would answer to the plant, Mr. Turner in but few instances keeps his stocks of myriads of things under names, as the writing thereof would be productive of great labour, and conse- quently it was resolved to invoke the aid of the stock- book. This produced showed that the correct name of this fine hardy plant was Viguiera rigida, com- monly called Harpalium rigidum, although there seemed to be a general conviction that one might call it pretty much as one liked, and not be far wrong. Not a few who have seen this \''ig- uiera — but it is very far from being common — may recognise its description as carrying fine single yellow flowers, each one having a black disc, to a height of about 3 feet, and on single stems. It well merits a place in every hardy plant border. A figure of it will be found at p. 397, vol, xvi, ACROCLINIUM ALBUM FLORE-PLENO.— With reference to this novelty, noted by us at p. 145 as having been received from Messrs. Hooper & Co., we are reminded by Mr. J. C. Schmidt, of Erfurt, that he received a First-class Certificate for it from the Floral Committee last year. It is to be put into commerce during the coming season, The Weather.— General remarks on the temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the week ending August 13, issued by the Meteorological Ofiice, London : — The weather has been fair in the southern and south-eastern parts of England, un- settled and rainy in the other English districts, and exceptionally wet, especially during the last few days of the period, in Ireland and Scotland. The tem- perature has been below the mean in all districrs, the deficit ranging from 2* to 4*. The maxima were registered at all except our north-western and northern stations on the last day of the period ; over England they were much higher than of late, the thermometer rising to 79° in the " Midland Counties," and to Si" in "England, E.," and "England, S." In Ireland and Scotland, however, the maximum readings were no higher than 65°, 66°, or 67°. The minima, which were recorded in most places on the 12th, were as low as 40° in " Scotland, W.," 41° over eastern, central, and north-western England, and between 43° and 45° elsewhere. The rainfall has been rather less than the mean in " England, E.,"and " England, S.," and about equal to its normal value in *' Eng- land, S.W.," but in all other districts an excess is reported. In Scotland and Ireland the fall has been unusually heavy, amounting to more than three times as much as the mean. Bright sunshine shows a con- siderable increase in duration in the south-west, south, and east of England, and a slight increase in most other districts. The percentages of possible duration varied from 26 in " Ireland, N.," and 29 in Scotland, to 55° in " England, E.," and " England, S." De- pressions observed : — Barometric pressure has fluc- tuated considerably over the western and northern parts of our area, while to the southward of our islands it has been comparatively high and steady. A series of rather deep and important depressions has passed over our western and northern coasts from the Atlantic, and some small subsidiary disturbances over our southern districts. The winds, which, except- ing on the 7th, have been generally fresh or strong at nearly all stations, have varied between S.W., S., and S.E., as the depressions appeared, and veered to W. or N.W., as they have travelled eastwards over the North Sea. On some of the more exposed parts of our western and northern coasts the wind occasionally increased to the force of a gale. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. T. CuRTiss is leaving the service of Earl Sondes, Lee's Court, Faversham, with the intention of setting up in business in Glasgow. — Mr. W. Smythe, son of Mr. Smythe, Gardener at Basing Park, Alton, wdl suc- ceed Mr. CuRTiss at Lee's Court. SHIPLEY HALL, THE SEAT OF E. MILLER MUNDY, ESQ. This place is situated in Derbyshire, about 9 miles from the county town, 2 miles from the Shipley Gate station of the Midland Railway, and a similar distance from Ilkeston, to which there is also railway com- munication, and from which the road leads through a well cultivated district until it enters the park, which, from the natural undulations of the surface, and the advantages that have been taken thereof, is highly picturesque in appearance. The land is rich and fertile, well wooded, with plenty of breadth of water to give the required effect. The mansion stands on a plateau of considerable extent, elevated on all sides high above the surrounding valley, beyond which the land again gently rises for a long distance, presenting an extended natural panorama such as is rarely at the command of the landscape gardener, but where existent and turned to good account it is of vas assistance. The estate has been several hundreds of years in the hands of the present family. The mansion is a roomy substantial stone building, that from its elevated position commands the surrounding landscape for many miles. However desirable it may be to live on a hill, still without shelter from the western gales and cutting north-eastern winds, such positions are by no means comfortable in all weathers. This the occu- pants of Shipley Hall in generations past have been alive to, and fully provided for, as evident by the extended groves of splendid Beech and other trees which octupy the western side of the plateau, effectu- ally sheltering the house and grounds. The force of the eastern winds has been equally shut out by trees judiciously planted. These Beeches are deserving of something beyond a passing note. They occupy a con- siderable space, irregular in outline, and are magnifi- cent old trees, with thick straight trunks, the bark on them as smooth and shining as gun barrels ; many of them have clean trunks 30 feet before coming to the lowest branches, yet with enough room to develope correspondingly fine heads. Some of them have reached no to 120 feet in height, and are full of life and vigour. Due care is taken to preserve them : wherever a crack or defect is discernible sheet- lead and cement are used to keep out wet, and when doubts are felt of a limb withstanding the gales iron braces are applied . They are a feature of the place, and deserve all the care that can be bestowed on them. With them are a number of sweet Chestnuts, which, like the Beeches, are handsome trees with clean straight trunks. Associated with these trees are quantities of immense old green Hollies that have attained un- usual size, and still are as full of vigorous growth as ever, stretching out their branches lar on the grass — let, as such things ever should be, to extend without interference. Gold and Silver Queens are propor- tionately large in size, with the foliage unusually bright and well marked. From the north front an uninterrupted distant view presents itself over the surrounding country, mostly in grass, which in this part dilTers materially from the hilly districts of the country, being extremely luxuriant. On the south-east side of the house, which may be termed the garden front, the grounds have been much altered and extended within the last few years, and large numbers of selected specimens of the best coniferous trees have been introduced, many of the newer kinds of which have been obtained of larger size than usually met with ; amongst these the following are a few of the best : — Retinospora obtusa aurea nana, 7 feet high ; R. obtusa, 12 feet ; R. plumosa, R. plumosa aurea, R. squarrosa, R. filifera, R. filicoides, R. leptoclada, all in large beautifully furnished specimens ; Picea lasiocarpa, 12 feet ; Taxus Donastonii, 7 feet ; Abies polita, 5 feet ; A. Engelmanni glauca, S feet ; A. Alcoquiana, 8 feet ; Cupressus Lawsoniana, lutea, 9 feet. Of Biota aurea elegantissima there are several from 5 to 10 feet high. The true Picea concolor, with many others, in which nothing has been spared either in the plants themselves or in the preparation of the ground to insure their doing well. Some of the above are associated in large clumps, others dis- persed over the extensive stretch of lawn at considerable distances apart, so that the ob- jectionable dotting, not unusual in this sort of planting, is avoided. Golden Yew, with Gold and Silver Queen Hollies, and the best green-leaved varieties, of large size, have been freely used in the planting, and already are very effective. In one 212 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August i8, 1883. of the clumps occupied by the above-named Conifers, Lilium auratum in good sized masses are unusually strong, and promising to bloom freely ; Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, in the shape of dense bushes 6 feet high and 10 feet through, was coming on with hundreds of flower-spikes that when in bloom cannot fail to be extremely effective. From the dressed ground on this side the park slopes quickly for several hundred yards to a fine sheet of water some 60 acres in extent, which, seen as it is from the lawn above, has a very fine effect. The western side of the pleasure grounds is also bounded by the park, and separated from it by a long terrace walk and low wall. On this side Yews of large size are associated with the Hollies, which here again are conspicuous. Rho- dodendrons and Ghent Azaleas, of which latter there are many that measure not less than from 10 to 12 feet through, and which from their vigorous appearance cannot fail to give a dense sheet of bloom annually. Here again the ground descends con- siderably, and somewhat more distant is another large piece of water, covering some 70 acres. These lakes are beautifully clear and free from weeds, with an absence of the objectionable murky appearance not unusual in still water. A large outlay has been incurred in preparing and stocking one of these pieces of water with trout. Of Oak, Elm, and Ash there are numbers of handsome old trees in the park, with Thorns of immense size that tell their own tale as to the nature of the soil. There is a large extent of glass devoted to plant and fruit culture, in which latter especially Mr. Elphinstone, the gardener here, has shown his abilities in the grand examples he has from time to time so successfully exhibited. The conserva- tory is connected with the mansion by a curvilinear span-roofed corridor some 60 yards long ; the side walls of this glass-covered way are in part clothed with Ferns planted in tufa, interspersed with Begonias of the Rex type. Other portions of these side walls are covered with such plants as Brugmansias, Fuchsias, Habrothamnus, Bambusa nigra, and similar plants, which drape the'roof as well ; the whole, thriving well, have a natural and pleasing appearance. Flowering Begonias suspended in baskets from the roof are used here with good effect ; in no way are their drooping flowers seen to better advantage. The conservatory, recently built, is a roomy and lofty structure, with curvilinear roof. The arrangement consists of a large central bed surrounded by a wide path, and a flat slate stage in front ; the whole substantial and con- structed with a view to lasting. The centre is filled with plants turned out, consisting of Palms, Cycads, and others of a like character, amongst which are a grand pair of Seaforthia elegans, Encephalartos caffra, E. villosus, E. Lehmanni, Dracaena lineata, Musa Cavendishi, Tree Ferns, Asplenium nidus, and others of similar description, in specimens which are getting well established, and will no doubt soon give a fine tropical effect. Adjoining this conservatory is a fernery, with the walls all round some 10 or 12 feet high ; the whole of the occupants are planted out. The walls are well covered with Ferns, Lycopodiums, and close growing plants, such as Ficus repens, that, in addition to its merits for clothing a wall, hangs in graceful festoons from the roof. The centre is occupied by a beautiful plant of Dicksonia squarrosa, one of the best of tree species for such a situation, as it does not grow so large in the head as to overshade everything beneath it. Microlepia heterophylla, a fine Fern, with tall black stems some 5 feet high, and large feathery fronds, is here seen to advantage, as also Woodwardia radicans, another elegant Fern, with creeping rhizomes and immense drooping fronds ; the house collectively is well furnished, and has a natural appearance. Adjoining this are two good sized, wide lean-to vineries, the first of which was planted with Muscats this spring ; they have done well, having already reached the top of the roof, after being twice stopped. The next house is occupied by established Vines, Gros Colmar, Lady Downe's, Black Alicante, Golden Queen, and Muscat Hamburgh, bearing a good crop ; Muscat Hamburgh especially was carrying a grand lot of bunches, with berries as black as possible. Golden Queen does well with Mr. Elphinstone, colour- ing in a way not always seen. In this house was by far the finest plant of the scarce Davallia parvula I have met with, densely filling a large pan covered with a bell-glass, which Mr. Elphinstone finds it will not do well without. It is a close growing, very small- fronded species, the fronds minutely divided, and almost as hard to the touch as the leaves of a Lomatia ; it is a beautiful and most distinct Fern, like nothing else but itself. After this is a long lean-to range filled with winter-flowering plants, the back wall covered with Tomatos, the front planted with Roses, which are growing away freely. Then comes a span- roofed range, the first division of which is used for propagating, and is now filled with Calanthes of the different winter flowering kinds ; with these are some large baskets of Lselia anceps, said to be an unusually fine dark variety : the plants arc in the best possible condition. The next division is mostly occupied by Orchids that do in an intermediate temperature, such as Cymbidium eburneum, Odontoglossum pulchellum, Epidendrum vitellinum, &c. Then comes a house devoted to Dendrobiums, Cypripediums, L^lias, Zygopetalums, Trichopilias, and the like. The last of this range is now filled with Melons, to be followed with Gardenias for winter blooming. A short distance from this is a range, consisting of three lean-to curvilinear-roofed vineries, each 40 feet long by 16 wide, with high back walls ; and three Peach-houses, similar in size, with a curvilinear span- roofed stove in the middle of the range, standing at right angles with the vineries and Peach-houses, the former of which are at the eastern side, the Peach- houses to the west. Beginning at the eastern end the Vines in the first house were lifted last autumn, and have made good progress. The next division are Muscats, the crop nearly cleared, but what remained were good bunches, beautifully finished. When the crop is off these Vines are to give place to Figs, a number of large plants of which are ready in hand. The adjoining house is all Black Hamburghs and Foster's Seedling, bearing a good crop of fruit, finished up to the mark. The stove contains a selection of the smaller growing Palms, Dracrenas, and other plants, in a free, thriving, healthy condition. The front trellises in the Peach-houses are about 8 feet high at the back, terminating in the usual way at the path ; this, combined with the high back walls, which are some 15 feet, admits of the large trees on the back getting plenty of light, so as to keep them in a healthy fruit- ful state. The trees in the first house were ripe in May ; the condition of the wood and healthy state of the foliage, green and free from insects, gives promise of a full crop next season. The trees in the next division were carrying a splendid even crop of fruit both back and front, highly coloured and nearly ripe. The remaining house is the last, and is also carrying a full crop. Here the back wall is furnished with Coe's Golden Drop Plums, bearing well. At a short dis- tance there is a good sized hip-roofed house, filled with cool Orchids, principally Odontoglossums and Masdevallias, doing well. Fronting this house are several narrow houses filled with Primulas, Cycla- mens, and other things of a like description for winter blooming. Under a roomy glass-roofed shed, supported on stout iron pillars, open at the front and ends, were stood a fine lot of specimen and half spe- cimen Azaleas, nicely grown and subjected to little training, as these plants should be when only wanted for home decoration, having little more support than a single stick to the leading stem. Several good span-roofed houses are in course of erection for Or- chids and other plants. Recently an excellent gar- dener's house has been built, that has not only the merit of being good-looking, but is also fitted up with every convenience to make it a comfortable home. Without saying anything to disparage the bedding- out system of flower gardening where kept within due limits, and confined to places where it is not incon- gruous, still it is a relief to meet with a garden where it is absent. Here there is no lack of flowers of good herbaceous kinds, Roses and bedding Carnations in quantity, with others of a like character, but no bed- ding of the usual description ; and at Shipley Hall there is nothing lost by its absence. The kitchen garden is moderate in size, and sur- rounded with good walls furnished with the usual kinds of fruit trees that succeed best in the district. The cultivation of culinary vegetables is here looked on as of equal importance with other matters of a less utilitarian character, and equally well managed. Mr. Elphinstone uses manure for Mushroom growing made from stables where the compressed sphagnum moss is used, and likes it much ; it is used fresh, just as it comes to hand, without any preparation, not heating violently like the ordinary material. A bed which I saw in full bearing in a shed, with mats hung round it, was literally covered with beautiful Mushrooms. An air of order and good management is apparent in every department. A new kitchen garden is now being made, in an open position at a short distance from the old one, and which will doubtless be an advantage in giving more room for the production of these indispensable crops. 7". B. PLANTS IN FLOWER. Campanula Tommasini. — A rare Bell-flower, frequently seen under the name of C. Tenori ; under the latter designation I received it from Zurich, but having some doubt as to its accuracy I sent specimens to J. G. Baker, Esq., of Kew, who kindly furnished me with the name here adopted. It is a native of the Tyrol, and, unlike many plants from that region, it is quite happy under the conditions provided. Its hardi- ness is, I think, beyond question ; I have plants upon the rockery and in a mixed border, the latter being much more vigorous. The stems grow about 6 to 9 inches long, but, owing to the abundance of flowers, they are quite drooping and leafless at the base. Leaves linear-lanceolate, i to i| inch long, distantly serrate. Flowers drooping, cymosely arranged ; corolla about three-quarters of an inch long, tubular-campanu- late, with the segments slightly spreading, of a pale blue-purple colour. Owing to the abundance of flowers, the plant lasts a long time in a blooming state ; it is now one of the prettiest plants in the rockery. T. Pelargonium Endlicherianum. — This is now flowering very freely, after standing outside since July, 1882 ; most likely it will withstand the severity of our climate outside. I have been told on more than one occasion that a plant has existed upon the alpine garden at York for several years. Should it prove hardy in most parts of the country it will be a most interesting plant for all alpine cultivators, as it is by no means inconspicuous, with a free branching habit. It produces a large number of flower trusses, each carrying several flowers, which are structurally very interesting ; the two upper petals may be said to constitute the flower in a decorative sense, they are about I inch long, almost fan-shaped or broadly spathulate, of a bright pink colour, veined with crimson ; the three lower petals are very small, not more than 3 lines long, and very fragile. It is really a pretty, and certainly most distinct plant, and will be in bloom at least for a month or six weeks to come. Tt Helenium pumilum, — This is much dwarfer than any other Helenium I know, as it only grows from 12 to 15 inches high ; of course in strong damp soils it may get taller. My plants are now thickly set with rich golden-yellow heads, about 2^ inches across, the ray-florets large, closely set, and imbri-" cated, so that the outline of the flower is prettily fringed, I regard it as one of the most useful and showiest hardy perennials for the late summer months, as it is most serviceable in a cut state. T. TiGRiDiA SPECIOSA ALBA.— This is, I think, the handsomest of all the " tiger flowers," producing flowers about the size of those of the typical form, the three outer perianth divisions broad, and nearly all pure white ; about one-fourth of the length at the base is spotted with reddish-purple, the inner divisions are copiously spotted with the same colour. It is equally as fugacious as all the other tiger flowers — a great pity they are so short lived, as otherwise their marvellous markings would be more appreciated. In many dry sunny positions they are quite hardy, but they enjoy an abundance of moisture during the growing season. I remember a tuft used to make its appearance every year at the foot of an old hedge in the herbaceous ground at Kew, T, Origanum dictamnus : "The Dittany of Crete." — This is a very handsome plant, with its roundish tomentose variegated leaves, and bracteate heads of pink-purple flowers ; overhead the plant is not more than a foot high. I have it planted out in a dry position on the rockery, but keep a duplicate stock in pots, which are placed in a frame during winter, as very severe weather is apt to destroy it. As an old inhabitant of our gardens it is still largely appreciated. A good figure of it occurs in Bot, Mag., t. 298, in the year 1795, and Mr. Curtis writes of it as "having been known in this country for a long time as a medicinal plant." Turner, whose Herbal was published in 1568, writes thus concerning it : — " I have sene it growynge in England in Maister Riches gardin naturally, but it growethe nowhere ellis that I know of saving only in Candia." Mr. Curtis says ; — " It is usually increased by cuttings, which strike readily," but the ready method has not yet been discovered by ourselves, or by many others. August iS, 1883.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 213 J4ojVIJE; -foRREgPOJMDEJMCE. Single Hollyhocks. — I should like to arrest the attention of lovers o( good old flowers, to ask them to admire Hollyhocks 6 and 7 feet high, and between the leading and secondary stems clothed from the ground to the top with their broadly expanding blooms. A friend sent me from Sussex, two years since, a large package of his own saved seed, got from choice plants. I sowed them early last year, but the majority did not bloom until the present. Many are double, but a considerable number are single, and, from being prejudiced against single flowers, I must confess in future I shall grow all I may chance to have. In variety and brilliancy, especially the fine orange-yellow centre — absent in doubles — my doubles are much behind the singles ; and, what I have never seen noticed before, not only are the singles more vigorous, but the dreaded Puccinia is absent altogether. IV. J. Murphy. Ribbon Grass. — I was interested in the note on "Gardeners' Garters," or "Ribbon Grass." It was only a week to-day that my friend Mr. Spinks en- lightened me as to the fact that there are two varie- gated forms. One has a white margin to the leaves, the other a green margin, and both are distinct and constant. I believe there are two varieties of Vucca aloifolia variegata, which vary in like manner. F. W, BurHdsc Bees and Monkshood.— There is nothing un- usual in bees visiting the flowers of Monkshood, Aconita Napellus (see p. 180), but whether they do so for the purpose of gathering honey or for pollen, or for both, I am unable to say ; if for honey, however, I should think it highly improbable that the latter would contain any element of poison sufficient to be injurious to any one partaking of it, i.e., supposing it is intermixed — which it necessarily must be — with honey gathered from other flowers. If it were pos- sible for a hive of bees to collect the whole of their supplies from such poisonous species as A. toxicum and A. zooctonum, it is more than likely that honey from such a source would prove very injurious, if not fatal to persons partaking of it ; still this is mere con- jecture, and the idea regarding a hive of honey from these species, it must be admitted, is very far-fetched, and a thing which is never likely to happen in Eng- land. I may add that some writers give A. lupicidum and A. Lycoctonum as being the true Wolf's-bane ; it may also be interesting to some of your readers to learn that there are other species which have the word "bane" applied to them, but bearing a different pre- fix to the above-mentioned — viz., A. cynoctonum and A, commutatum (tall Dog's-bane), A. theriophonum (Beast's-bane), A. tragoctonum (Goat's-bane), and A. vulparia (Fox-bane). It is difficult to say what is the origin of these different names, but one would natur- ally think that each species is poisonous to the animal whose name is associated with it. y. Horseficld, Heytcsbttry, Polypodium vulgare, var. trichomanoides. — Has this variety been raised from spores, or has it been found as a wild plant ? If "so, some kind of general indication (should anything more definite be thought undesirable) of the locality in which it was discovered would add to the interest of this Fern. Is it distinct from the var. cornubiense ? W. O^B. [The plant in question is, so far as we can learn, a selec- tion from P. v. cornubiense, and not a wild plant. Those who have seen P. v. trichomanoides say they cannot distinguish it from P. v. cornubiense Fowleri, described in the Florist Register of Novelties last year, and which has very finely divided fronds. Ed.] Iberis gibraltarica hybrida. — The singularly robust habit of this beautiful Candytuft is well illus- trated by the seedling plants I have here, which, raised from seed sown under glass early in April, and dibbled out into the open ground at the end of May, are now varying from 6 inches to 12 inches across, all very dwarf and compact, yet of a spreading habit, and promising to make a beautiful show next spring. Some, however, are blooming a little alreac^, and I shall not be surprised to find many doing so late in the autumn. Should that surmise prove to be correct we may easily have it flowering both in autumn and spring by sowing very early, and again in June. We can hardly term it other than biennial in character, as although plants denuded of their flowers break again, yet all those which carry bloom and seed soon die. A. D. Phacelia campanularia. — As the figure given at p. 135 of the Phacelia campanularia scarcely flatters it, I venture to send you a few specimens from plants raised in the open ground, that you may judge of its beauty and vigour when grown under such con- ditions. You will note that the corolla is shorter in the tube, and broader than in your figure, though there is a slight variation of proportions in different plants. Owing to its branching habit, the plant continues in bloom for a considerable period. Unfor- tunately this deplorable weather is by no means con- ducive to its welfare, so far as ripening of seed is concerned. IV. Thompion, Ifnvich, Armeria cephalotes, var. bracteata. — In one of Mr. Ware's copious displays of ornamental hardy plants at South Kensington, recently, we lighted upon this singular variety (fig. 34). 'The peculiarity consists in the circumstance that some of the involucral bracts are prolonged into green leaves quite similar to those at the base of the stem. We can find, at the moment, no reference to the variety, which, however, is a great curiosity, and even from an ornamental point of view the green leaves encircling the head of rich rose-pink flowers must be admitted to be singu- Fig. 34. — ARMERIA CEPHALOTES, VAR. BRACTEATA. larly effective. We had hoped that the variety might have elucidated the nature of the curious membranous sheath prolonged from the base of the bracts, but in this we were disappointed. Tuberous Begonias, and How to Grow Them. — I have been an admirer, and limited grower, of tuberous Begonias since their introduction — and what vast strides on the road of improvement have been made within those last half-dozen years ! A lady, who manages them herself, invited me to see a greenhouse wholly devoted to them, lately. I drove over with some gardening friends, and have been asking myself since, as I then asked the hostess, "What is the secret of your success, madame?" I had, and have, some fine blooms, 3 or 4 inches across, both outdoors and inside, others around had better, with more time and facilities, but those I refer to, both in sire and floriferousness, but especially in the great fleshy substance of the petals, far out- distanced all. This opinion is, like every such, com- parative— that is, you compare mentally what you admire, what is under consideration, with some others you have seen or heard of. I have seen hundreds of collections in Ireland, England, and France— they are in almost every garden around here— and I have last year seen the best Dublin or London had to show : so much for my facilities of forming a correct estimate. Now the practical and important question is arrived at. Can every one grow such, and how ? And first, generally, what were they like? Vast Azalea-like pyramids, 3 feet through, and more in height, and grown in pots from 10 to 15 inches. Many must have had upwards of one hundred perfect, fully expanded blooms — and such blooms I quite a number must have been between 5 and 6 inches across. And these were not the common long pendulous blooms, but the round-petalled upright growers. The colours run through every shade, from a pure, clear-veined white, through lemon, buff, orange, rose, to deep red and scarlet. A particular beauty was a variety shaded from pure white to crimson-rose ; and another shaded orange- red. I cannot give the names, as they are nearly all seedlings, and raised on the premises, from fertilised (hybridised) seed. Two years ago the then gardener gave me some seed of this strain as well as two others — well, they cannot compare with those, though properly treated. The secret is not in the strain, or variety of seed, neither is it in the soil, potting, or winter treatment, nor do I think it is in the time of "starting" to grow in February, though all these points are material. I inquired into all these and find the treatment not essentially different. I have come to the conclusion, then, that tuberous Begonias, whon once launched into active growth, if I may so speak, are voracious feeders, and are endowed with an enormous number of fibrous roots. At Armerville the plants are watered, with tolerably strong guano-water, two or three times a week. I have three beds of them out-of-doors, and am water- ing one with an artificial "fertiliser," and the other two with a liquid from horse manure ; already the effect is becoming conspicuous. Everything else being properly attended to, I therefore look on syste- matic feeding with some concentrated manure as in- dispensable to have the success referred to. I look on these Begonias as having a bright future before them, and if I am right, the query arises. If they are to be grown, why not grow them to their best, rather than lose the same time and labour with poor worth- less specimens ? IV. J. Murphy, Clonind. Laxton's Standard Pea.— This is a variety that should commend itself to market growers as a late cropper, and, judging by my experience of it here, one that stands drought well. I have a large piece cropping capitally, the pods large, curved, and full ; all borne in couples, a very special feature of this capital Marrow. In the same field, owing to the remarkable dryness of the soil here this season, Potatos of all kinds are giving out and ripening very rapidly, and yet this Pea is showing capital growth, and has not a trace of mildew upon it. Coupled with its medium height (about 3 feet), and its admirable cropping qualities, this fact shows that it is a first-rate late Pea. A. D. The Fruit Crops in Midlothian. — The fruit crop has turned out much better this year than could have been anticipated alter such a cold and wet season as 1882. After the severe storm in December, when the thermometer fell to zero, and snow lay on the ground fully 2 feet deep, there was very little of either frost or snow, and nothing to injure vegetation. Fruit trees were late in flowering, and the blossom escaping any damage from spring frosts, set well and swelled nicely till the cold and heavy rains at the end of June and beginning of this month caused many of the Apple and Pear trees to drop a large number of their fruit. Still, in most instances, there is a good crop left and the fruit particularly fine and clean. All kinds of fruit trees have made a strong and healthy growth, and have suffered less from insects, or blight of any kind, than they have done for a good many years. Almost every sort of Apple is bearing, and mostly a good crop. The heaviest crop and finest fruit are upon Warner's King, Lord Suffield, Ecklinville, Stirling Castle, Tower of Glamis, Kes- wick Codlin, Alfriston, King of the Pippins, Blen- heim Pippin, Hawthornden, Duchess of Oldenburg, Northern Greening, Wellington, Mank's Codlin, Yorkshire Greening, Oslin, Cambusnethan, Lord Clyde, Red Calville, and Cox's Orange. Pears promise to be much finer fruit than usual, but many trees on walls have very few upon them, and some sorts which bear well in most years are not bearing well this year. Much the heaviest crops are upon standard trees. The best are Napoleon, Marie Louise, Williams' Bon Chretien, Beurre Hardy, Beurre d'Aremberg, Easter Beurre, Glou Morceau, Brown Beurre, Beurre Diel, Catillac, Swan's Egg, and Hessle. Plums are a fine crop in most places. The best are Transparent Gage, Jefferson, Kirke's, Vic- toria, Coe's Golden Drop and Early Prolific. Cherries are also a fine crop, the best being Governor Wood, 214 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August i8, 1883. May Duke, Frogmore, Early Bigarreau, Black Tar- tarian, Elton, and Bigarreau Napoleon. Peaches and Nectarines are a thin crop on walls, and Apricots are almost a failure. Small fruit is very abundant and fine, Gooseberries being the exception, with a light crop upon many sorts, although Ihe following are bearing heavily and are all excellent kinds : — Reds : Industry, Keens' Seedling, Speedwell, Forester, and Crown Bob; whites: Whitesmith, Overall, Hebburn Prolific, Souter Johnny, and Snowdrop ; yellows : Leveller, Drill, Gipsy (lueen. Railway, and Peru. Currants are extra good, the best black. Black Prince ; best reds: Victoria, La Versaillaise, Warner's Grape, and Red Dutch ; the best whites. Cut-leaved and White Dutch. Raspberries are a very fine crop, the best being Northumberland FiUbasket, Fastolf, Carter's Prolific, and White Antwerp. Strawberries were very abundant, but the recent heavy rains have spoilt a good many of them ; the finest and heaviest bearers are James Veitch, Garibaldi (Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury), and Keens' Seedling. M. Dunn, Dalkeith. Sun versus Shade for Lilium auratum.— Mr. Wilson has always told us that shade is best for L. auratum, whilst Mr. Ewbank, who certainly does not live in a sunless quarter, says that he finds they do well in full sun. I have contended that whilst the bright suns of Weybridge Heath may be too much for them, they cannot get too much sun in Cheshire. After making a circuit of gardens and noticing L. auratum especially in them all, I have come to the conclusion that Mr. Wilson is right. At Heather- bank, in the middle of thick Fir woods I saw two large beds containing perhaps 200 bulbs each of L. auratum, which had reached Howering not only with- out the smallest symptom of spot, but without losing or turning a leaf. These Lilies got absolutely no sun, and I never saw so healthy a lot. On returning to my garden, where heavy rain, alternating with hot sun, has prevailed ever since St. Swithin's Day, I find many of the L. auratum badly affected with spot, which first showed itself about the middle of July. They are generally attacked in some part of the flower-bud, which of course spoilt. L. pardalinum, on the other hand, of which the flowering was far advanced, has the stalk and leaves chiefly attacked, and suffers, comparatively little from it. On going round the garden, in every part of which I now have Lilies, I have no doubt at all that there is most spot where the Lilies are most exposed to the mid-day sun. I felt sure that the disease would come, as it always does when growth is checked by cold and wet just before flowering time ; but, considering all the cir- cumstances of this and previous attacks, I believe that what Ovid said of corn-rust is true of Lilies — that neither wind nor rain nor frost are so injurious to them as the rays of the mid-day sun striking upon the wet leaves and stalk. In my Lily pit, the glass of which is obscured with buttermilk and lime, there is not a symptom of spot ; but there they are free from chills, which I suspect are at least a predisposing cause. C. WoUey Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Augusts. Annuals. — These are regarded by most people as very evanescent and ephemeral in their nature, and, I readily admit, a good many of them are ; but although this is so, there are others that are among the very best plants for embellishment anyone can have in a garden. Take the China Asters, for instance, and what can be finer or more showy than they, or Zinnias, which are gorgeously beautiful, especially when seen in masses in large beds with the sun shining on them, when they are quite dazzling, so bright and effulgent is the rich glow of iheir colours. Not only is this so, but they bloom profusely and continuously from July to quite late in the autumn, the only help they require to enable them to do this being rich deep soil, with now and then a good soaking of water, or, perhaps, what answers even belter, is to have the ground mulched. Asters, to have them good, need much the same treatment, as, like all annuals, they are fond of good living, and for them to do really well it is very important that they bo liberally fed. Tropicolums seem to be an exception to the rule, as they not only grow but flourish in very poor soil, as may be seen when'planted or sown by the sides of some trees, up which they run and soon clothe their branches with beauty. Striking instances of the value of these plants for this work may be witnessed any day now in the pretty little gardens of F. Vulliamy, E;q., of South- bank [and Admiral Mason, in Ipswich, where they are used with the greatest effect and have a great many admirers. Besides being quite at home up certain thin habited trees, which they help much to adorn, Tropa^olums of the climbing kinds are equally adapted for mounds, rockwork, or any positions of that nature, which they set aglow with their beauty. The old Canary Creeper is exceedingly chaste, and blends well with the fiery scarlets, as it does also with Clematis Jackmanni, with which it associates well when the two are allowed to commingle and have plenty of room. Among othersof more lowly growth, theTomThumb or dwarf section are grand, and embrace many colours, alj the several varieties being specially suited for bedding, as they are remarkably floriferous and last long in per- fection. In cases where these kinds grow too freely, as they often do in good rich soil, it is a good plan to pinch off some of the leaves from time to time, which checks them and lets up their blossoms more readily. Salpiglossis are also splendid annuals, especially for light warm soils and situations, where if sown or planted moderately early they send up their large, lovely veined, Lily-like flowers in the greatest pro- fusion till frost or cold weather stops them far on in the autumn. What I desire to call particular atten- tion to now is the hardy annuals, the time for sowing most of which has now arrived, if they are expected to be strong and flower well in the spring. One of the best is the Sweet Pea, which is quite indispensable, for besides its utility in borders, where it produces a very fine effect in climbing up twiggy sticks in the foreground of shrubs, it is among the very choicest things one can obtain outdoors for cutting, as a packet of seed affords almost endless variety of colours, and the flowers are of that light pleasing character which renders them specially suitable for bouquets or vases. The secret of success in growing them is to sow in deep soil, in which there should be plenty of manure, and if they have a mulching as soon as dry weather sets in, they will continue blooming till quite late in the summer. For spring bedding there are few annuals that are more sweetly pretty than the Silene, which raised now and grown on to the period of the year named, becomes a mass of blossom, and the same may justly be said of the Virginian Stock, also most useful for the same kind of work. Godetias, too, make a very fine show, the best being G. Whitneii, G. Lady Albemarle and The Bride, all of which bear large flowers that have rich glossy petals. Nemo- phila insignis is quite unrivalled for the lovely blue of its blossoms, and a bed of it arranged with white Daisies as an edging is a pleasing sight on a lawn. These latter, and other annuals raised now, are best sown in a warm sheltered spot ; from which they can be lifted and transplanted with good balls early in spring. J. Shefpard, Ruta patavina. — Referring to an article on p. 140, I beg to state that my opinion of this fine plant is somewhat different, in so far as I consider it one of the showiest plants of my garden. It is quite hardy, and wants loamy soil and full exposure to hot sunshine ; it will not grow well in other soil than sandy loam, or even stiff loam, and will not flower well if shaded anyhow. My bushes, about a half to I foot across, are about 5 to 6 inches in height, and the foliage nearly hidden by thousands of flowers coming on from June till November. It increases by underground stems, and if a plant is taken up in October it may be divided in many bits, but these must not be replanted in the open, but be potted and wintered in a frame. Planted out in spring they form in a year or two nice bushes again. It does not often produce seeds. Max Lelditlin, Baden-Baden, The Hybrid Raspberry. — Your correspondent, Dr. Wm. Focke (see p. 150), is certainly at sea in his surmises respecting my seedling hybrid Raspberry ; he is no doubt correct in describing the plant as foinia inermis, but quite wrong in connecting it with Rubus idaeus ; the foliage is obtuse enough certainly, and the glaucous appearance of the leaves gives it the pure form of a Strawberry leaf. The following will show you that the plant is a bond fide seedling, as I described it to you when I sent you the shoot. Some few years since I fertilised the flowers of a Raspberry with the pollen of a large-fruiting Strawberry, which set freely, and in due time sowed the seed ; the result was about a dozen plants, all more or less showing that the cross was complete between the two plants. From these three plants were selected, giving the preference to those most resembling the Strawberry in leaf, and, luckily, I can send you the three forms with this, which will show your correspondent that my state- ment to you was correct. The plants all flowered the second year, but without setting any fruit. In Ihe following year Jhey flowered profusely, with the same result. The flowers, if I remember rightly, are pretty much in bunches, like the flowers of the Strawberry, on a stem of about 2 feet high. Finding it was no use as a fruit no care was taken of them after they had been planted in an out-of-the-way place. Still they grow, and if you wish it I hope to be able to send you a shoot with the bloom on it next spring. [Pray do.] I have nine forms of the hybrid Currant now growing, all distinct ; two only have a faint smell of the black Currant. William Culvcnvcll, Thorpe Pcrr(nij, Tarquin and his Lilies. — Two or three friends have written to me questioning the accuracy of my Roman history, when I say that Tarquin knocked off Lily heads. I ask to be allowed to give a general answer. The original of the story to which I referred is to be found in Hcroaottis, Book v., chapter 92, but he tells it of Periander, despot of Corinth, who lived a century before Tarquin. Wondering how a neigh- bouring despot managed to rule so quietly, Periander sent a friend to ask the secret. This neighbour took the messenger into a cornfield, and walked about knocking off the tallest ears, but returned no verbal or written reply. Periander, however, understood the allegorical act, and from time to time made away with the most prominent of his subjects. This story found its way into the Roman legends, and was trans- ferred to the most tyrannical of the kings of Rome. Livy, it is true, says the flowers he decapitated were Poppies, hut Ovid {Fasti, Book ii., line 705) says : — "Illic Tarquinius mandata latentia nati Accipit, et virga lilia summa metit." We may at any rate infer that Lilies and Poppies were the most conspicuous flowers in the Roman gardens 2')00 years ago. C. IVoltcy Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Aug. 9. Cranberries. — Long ago, in your journal of November 26, 1842 (p. 789), a correspondent notes that in a then recent visit to Hastings he saw fresh Cranberries in the fruiterers' shops, and learned that they were the surplus produce of a nobleman's estate in the neighbourhood. Being fully aware of the superiority of fresh berries over the bottled fruit, finding it recorded in Loudon's Arboretum that " during the latter end of the last century Cranberries from Lincolnshire and the north-west corner of Norfolk were sold in the streets of Norwich by cart- loads," and observing in Trimmer's Flora of Norfolh the plant noted as growing "in very great abundance at the side of the heath adjoining Wolferton at Der- singham," and, according to Watson, Botanisfs Guide, " at Wreathara plentifully," I thought that an inquiry at Norwich market would either bring me a supply of the fruit, or, if the time of Cranberries is not yet, inform me about what time and at what stall in the market I might hope soon to find them. But diligent inquiry by a zealous friend resulted only in my learning that one ancient lady deposed that many years ago, when she kept Cambridge market, she once had some sent. Lightfoot records that at Longtown, in Cumberland, for five or six weeks together not less than