LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE no._ l4 2.2_0___.DATE..LQ;;lSHi souRC£_-Cp-ll.egre ^urida. JuU - Dec / December 31, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICL n WLttkln Illustrate* ioutnnl OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (ESTABLISHED IN 1841.) VOL. XII.-THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1892. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1892. LONDON : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. HMD , PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. The Gardeners' Chronicle, [December 31, 1893. INDEX OF CONTENTS. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1892. Abacachi Pine-apples, 45 Abies Veitchii, 399 Abbotsbury, Dorset, 679 Abies arnabilis, 770 ; A. bracteata, 770; A. grandis, 218 Acantholimon venustum, 246 Acanthorhiza aculeata, 729 Acids of fruits, 14 vKiculus, 651 vK.sculus bippocastanam, 586 Agricultural depression, 797 Agricultural Research Association, 132 Agriculture, tropical, 649 Alkaloids in plants, 344 Allamanda Hendersoni, 794 Allerton Beeches, near Liverpool, 432 Alpine plants, new, 399, 614, 651 Alpines, and the use of sphagnum, 7 American fruit, poisons on, 64 Amorphophallus campanulatus, 38 Androsace caucasica, 399 Anemone japonica, crimped leaf of, 219 Angrsecum sesquipedale, 123 Anguloa uni flora var. eburnea, 534 Ant-bear, the, 469 Apiary, the, 41, 99, 185, 243, 339, 407, 465, 615, 735 Apple, Beauty of Nordhausen, 732 ; Biela Borodowka, 124; Ceska Po- chontka, 124; Domneschta, 124; Keswick Codlin, 346; Lord Gros- venor, 162; Margil, 616; New Ked Raspberry, 124; Saltmarsh's Queen, 248 ; Sandringham, 616 ; trees in heavy soils, 499 ; insects which infest, 530, 565 Apples, 651 ; and Pears (market), 366 Apples, Canadian, 532; at Maiden Erleigh, 333 ; for cider-making, 528 ; from Belgium, 619 ; hardy, 65; in Staffordshire, 472 ; on Pear trees, 562 ; scale of sizes for, 568 Apple-tree leaves, composition of, 795 Apricots, Conference on, 311 Arboricultural Society, Royal Scottish, 38 Aristolochia elegans, 74 ; A. gigantea, 341 ; A. gigas, 130 Assessment, inquiry, 219 ; of green- houses, 408, 768 Aster alpinus var. albus, 15 ; A, tri- nervius, 309 Atbyrium.anew, 301 ; A. filix-foemina, 708 Auricula, the, 67, 583 Azalea roiieflora, 69 B BAMnoo, stakes, 532 ; the Giant, 302 Baobab, the use. 775 Barham Court, 7*27 Bauhinia grandiflora, 706 Begonia, double-flowered tuberous, 368, 429 ; leafy, J.5 Begonias, 244 ; and sub-troplool plants, 407 ; at Forest Hill, 344 • oonferenos on, 311 ; under trees, 499 BJrobleaires, pifin 0f garden at, 44Q Belgian note, 406 Benary's nursery, Erfurt, 344 Benefit and Provident Society, United Horticultural, 71 Berberis Darwini as a hedge plant, 104 Berlin florists, 614 Berlin letter, 614, 640, 700 Bethnal Green, a flower show at, 278 Blenheim Orchids, sale of, 768 Blithfield Hall, 487 Bodnant, 332 Bcehmeria nivea, 188 Boissier Herbarium, 649 Bones as a building material, 620 Books, Notices of :— Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 438 ; Agricultural Grasses, 70S ; Agricul- tural Record (J. H. Hart, Trinidad), 438; Animals' Rights (H. S. Salt), 708; An Introduction to the Study of Botany (A. Bendy and A. H. S. Lucas), 708 ; Annals of Horticulture {Prof. L. H. Bailey), 438 ; Applica- tion of Artificial Manure to Fruit and Vegetables Growing, and in Flower and Garden Cultivation, 16; Australian Fungi (Br. Cooke), 438 ; Beneath Helvellyn's Shade (Samuel Barber), 676 ; Book about the Gar- den (Bean Hole), 217; Botanical Magazine, 15, 71 ; British Fungi ( Geo.Masscc),'49i; British Moss Flora, 188 ; British Mosses, (Lord Justice Fry), 561 ; Bulletin de l'Herbier Bossier (M. Eug. Autran), 649 ; Cactus Culture (F. A. Haaqc), 706) ; Canadian Mosses, 246 ; Car- nation Manual, the (Carnation and Picotee Soc.), 184 ; Cocoa, all about it (Sampson Low ij- Co.), 562 ; Con- noisseur's Kitchen Garden, a, 130 ; Conifer Conference, Report of the, 560 ; Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 469 ; Contribution to our Knowledge of Seedlings (Sir Jno. Lubbock, Bart., M.P.), 618 ; Cottage Gardening, 437 ; Dictionary of Gardening, French edition (M. Mottet), 42 ; Dictionnaire Pratique D'Horticul- ture, 160, 438; Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 72 ; Everybody's Pocket Cyclopaedia, 18; Ferns and Fern Culture (J. Birkenhead), 216; Ferns of British India (Sir J. Hooker, J. G. Baker, and M. Beccari), 469 ; Forage Plants of Australia (F. Turner), 245; Fruit Culture (W. C. Ston.g), 374; Garden Design and Architect's Garden (W. Robinson), 217, 493; Gentlewoman's Book of Gardening (Ethel Chamberlain and Fanny Boug- las), 374 ; Habenaria (Dr. Knin-lin), 246; Handbook of the IrideaB (J, G, Baker), 708 ; Histoiro des Plantes (M, Baillon), 73 ; History of Eng- lish Gardening:, 392; History of Hampshire and Tel© pf Wight (T. It. Shore), 128; Hooker's Icones Plantarum. 217, 530 ; Horticultural Directory, 739 ; Iconographia Florae Japonic^, 102; Illustrationes Flora; Hispanic (Br. Wi/lkomm), 42,794; Insect Life, 740 ; Kew Bulletin, 405 ; La Truffe. &c. (Ad. Chatin), 212 ; New Vegetarian Dishes (Mrs. Bowdich), 708 ; Queensland Ferns (F. M. Bailey), 406 ; Reichen- bachia 532 ; Rescue of an Old Place, the (Mary C. Robbins), 128 ; Sharp Eyes : a Rambler's Calendar of Fifty - two Weeks among Insects, Birds, and Flowers (Wm. Hamilton Gibson), 677; Silva of North America, &c, vol. iv. (Charles Sprague Sargent), 151 ; Text-book of Agricultural Entomology (Miss E. A. Ormerod), 562; The Birth and Development of the Sewing-machine (Mr. Allen), 72 ; The Book of Choice Ferns lor the Garden, Conservatory, and Greenhouse (Geo. Schneider), 734; The Chrysanthemum and its Growth (1U. and G. Brovcr), 74; The Genus Masdevallia, Part III. (Marquess of Lothian). 279, 310; The Great World's Farm (Selina Gaye), 708; The Orchid Review, 738; Travels among the Great Andes of the Equator (Ed, IVhym- per), 563; Vines and Vine Culture (A. F. Barron), 127 Books, sale of rare botanical, 619 Bordeaux Mixture, 71 Botanical nomenclature, 45, 102, 438 Botanic Garden, Iiuitenzorg 64; Dub- lin, 33; Edgbaston, 642; Hong Kong, 38, 335 ; Missouri, 279 ; St. Petersburg, 71 (see a Traveller's notes). Botanists at the World's Fair, 437 Botany and Horticulture, 343 ; and plant culture, 459; and the improve- ment of horticulture, 646 Boucerosia campanulata, 369 Bougainvilleas, 92 Bournemouth, 4134 ; Gardeners' Asso- ciation, 532 Bouvardia Mrs. Robert Green, 679 Bread, native, 526 Briar stocks, collecting, 671 British Guiana, 161 British plants, extinction of, 317 British Pteridological Society, 245 Broccoli, heeling-in, 679 ; B., June, 110 Broomfield, near Manchester, 730 Buddleia Colvillei, 186 Buitenzorg Botanical Gardens, 64 Bulbophyllum Dearei, 534 Bullen, the late Mr. R., 500 Burford Lodge, 377 Calabbia, vegetable products of, tiiO Calanthes at Bioton, 696 Calcium oxalate in the bark of trce»,793 Calcutta, 183 OnltfowiB b» a borne, If; Cf'ape- growing in, 794 ; Prune industry in, 619 Californian notes, 274 Calochortus, a double, 740 ; C. arace- nus, 11 ; C. Krnnedyii, 592; C. ve- nustus Vesta, 105 Campanula pvramidalis, 219; C. Wald- steiniana, 193 Campanulaceoe, rare alpine, 238 Camphor trade of China, 272 Canadian Apples, 532 Canlord Manor, 73 Caralluma campanulata, 369 Carludovica microcephala, 592 Carnation Marguerite, 378 Carnations, 584 ; and Picotees, 67 ; as exhibition flowers, 280 ; tree, 733 Carrots, the colour of, 45, 74 Castle Levan, garden view at, 468 Catalpas, 246 Catasetum longifolium, 582 Cattleya Acklandiie, 534; C. Alex- andra;, 672, 730; C. amethvsto- glossa, 534 ; C, a new, 270 ; C. X Arnoldiana, 534 , C. aurea, 309 ; C. Brymeriana, 396 ; C. gigas, peloria of, 161 ; C. Hardyana var., 240; C. Leopoldii, Pernambuco variety, 760; C. Loddige*ii O'Brien- iana, 11 ; C. Mendeli, 365; ('. .Men- deli, Empress of India, 36 ; C Men- deli, Mrs. Brooman White, 92; C. Mossise Wagneri, 36 ; C. Warece- wiczii (gigas), 36 Cambridge Botanic Garden, 45 Cedars, Banbury, the, 157 Cedars, The, Harrow Weald, 105 Celery culture, the new, 307 ; earthing of, 492 Cerastium purpurascens, 399 Cercopis spumaria, 585 Cerise i courte queue, 620 Certificates at Chiswick, 341 ; of the Royal Horticultural Society, 375, 409, 440 Ceylon, 38 Chamoedorea, 592 Cheiranthera parviflora, 469 Cherry, a short stalked, 620; Frog- more Bigarreau, 104 Chicago Exhibition, 160, 309, 310, 732 China gra98, 160 Chiswick certificates. 341 ; conference at, 244; gardens. 308 Christmas Roses, 796 Chrysanthemum grafting, 472 ; box and stand. 521 ; C. carinatum, 670 ; cuttings, 670; C. Jno. Lambert, 771; jottings, 535, 553, 586, 641; C. maximum, yellow hybrid of, 711, 797; C. Mr. S. Coleman, 771 ; show boards for Japanese, 565 ; sports, 733, 797 ; the, 590 Chrysanthemums, 211 ; and asphalted paths, 594 ; at Amsterdam, 675; at Biddick Hall, 679; at Hillwood, 771: at New York, 098 ; damping off of the blooms of, 460; dwarf, 07; grafted on Pyrethrum frutes. oena, 469; in (-roups, 584] hints, on exhibiting, 556 ; out'Of'rjQOra, R7* ; show jtands for, §9<] IV The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 31. U92. Cider making, 528 Cineraria and Calceolaria in winter, 713 Cinerarias, 23 Cion or scion, 706, 743 Cirrhopetalum Medusae, 123 Cleistogamy, 398 Clerodendron Balfourianam, 11 Clover, red, in New Zealand, 309 Coal-tar as a safeguard to young trees, 19 Cochineal in Teneriffe, culture of, 396 Coelogyne cristata, 24; flowering twice in one year, 123 Coffea species, Marogogepie, 740 Coffee in British Honduras, 619 Cola, 761 Colchicum autumnale, some new forms of, 471 Coleus tuberosus, 729 Colour in flowers, distribution of, 91 Columbian exhibition, 460, 532 Combermere Abbey, 363 Commerson, Philibert, 89, 125, 207 Conference of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick, 244 Conifer notes, 368 ; report, the, 742 Co-operative production, 216 Co-operative show at Crystal Palace, 276 Cooper, Ed., the late, 218 Copper compounds and the Potato disease, 531 Cordon training, 640 Coronilla cappadocica, 399 Coryanthes macrocorys, 396 Costus igneus, 712 County Council experiment stations, 739, 740 ; horticulture, 136 Covent Garden, Christmas supplies at, 768 Cranbrook Gardeners' Society, 795 Crewe Hall, 740 Crocosma or Crocosmia, 500 Cross-breeding and hybridising, 45 Cryptogamic Society of Scotland, 440 Cucumber disease in the North, 78 Cucumbers, meat softening, 216 ; winter, 534 Culture versus Nature, 35, 677, 742 Curare poison, the, 621 Currant and Gooseberry hybrid, 161, 277, 310, 346 Currant fungus, 44 Currants, hybrid, 219 Cut flowers, trade in, 74 Cycads at Kew, 496, 729 Cyclamen seed, 650 Cycnoches chlorocbeilon, 11 Cypresses in tropical Africa, 156 Cypripedium Albertianum, 672; C. Ashburtonse var. Laucheana, 11 ; C.callosum var., 270; C. Caatleanum, 534; C. Chamberlainianum, 730; C. (hyb.) Eyermannianum, 11 ; C. hybridum Spicerianum X hirsutissi- ii] i) in . 712; C. hybridum Maynardii, 123; C. h. Pollettianum, 123; C. orphanum, 582 ; C. Pitcherianum x , 582 ; C. species, 270 ; C. Yonngi- anum, 161 Cyrtanthus Tuckii, 155, 189 Cyrtopodium punctatum, 396 Daffodils, 380 ; Hartland's White Trumpet, 649 Dahlia, the, 584 Dahlias, 273, 526 Dalmeny, 787 Damper, automatic, 46 Daphne Genkwa, 702 Darwin medal, the, 676 Davenham Bank, Mali em, 712 Dawpool, 523 Delphiniums, 408 Delrow, Aldenham, 430 Dendrobium ciliatum, 582; D. nobile Cooksonianum, 334 ; D. Macarthiffi, 672 ; D. Phalsenopsis, 533 ; D. Pha- Ifenopsis Schroderianum,459 ; D. P. Schroderianum, a peloriate flower of, 468 Dendrocalamus sikkimensis, 675 Devon and Exeter Gardeners' Asso- ciation, 444 Dew, and its action on plants, 18, 161, 219, 248, 281 Dianthus, single-flowered, 47 Digitalis, proliferous, 309 Diospyros kaki, 712 Disa tripetaloides, 36 Dischidia Rafflesiana, 619 Displacement and simulation, 218 Doctor's garden, our, 270 Dover House, Roehampton, 557 Downie, Jno., the late, 706, 771 Drainage, 526 Dublin Botanic Garden, 33 ; tercente- nary, 42 Dundee, exhibition of native and garden flowers at, 45 Dupplin Castle, 325, 564, 594 Dyer, Bernard, 43 Ealino Gardeners' Association, 444 Earl's Court Exhibition, 349 Earthquakes, effects of, on vegetables, 161 Echinocactus myriostigma, 789 Edge Hall, 395 Edinburgh, Botanic Garden, 651, 712, 743, 770; horticultural instruction at, 768 ; city gardens, 39 ; notes from, 20 ; Princes Street, gardens at, 469 Edinburgh, nurseries at, 774 Egg plant, 770 Electric heating, 309, 795 ; light for forcing, 214, 466 Electric light and Lettuce growing, 311 Elm tree, a notable, 471, 534 Emigration, 44 Epidendrum Wallisii, 396 Epiphyllum Makovanum, 161 Erica Wilmorei, 132, 222 Erigeron mucronatum, 464 Eucalyptua, at high altitudes, 728 ; E. globulus, 408 Eulophiella Elisabetb.-e, 36 Euonymus europaeus, 702, 742 ; E. ji- ponicue aureo-marginatus, 238 Evergreens, transplanting of, 189 Exochorda grandiflora, 238 Exports (see Stocktaking). Fan Palms, West Australian, 735 Fan-training, in praise of, 280 Farfugium grande, introduction of, 139 Ferment in gourd, 216 Fernery, a British, 240 ; at L'Horti- culture Internationale, 373 Ferns at Kew, 639; British, under glass, 272; dwarf, British, 9; varie- gated, 334 Fibre, Henequen, in Yucatan, 401 Fig, cultivation of, 614 Figs at Chiswick, 304 Firs, Warwick, the, 613 Floral, decoration in'the dwelling, 16 ; horology, 214 Flower formation, 103 Flower garden, the. 13. 40. 68, 98, 129, 157, 185, 213, 243, 275, 306, 339, 371, 402, 435, 465. 495 527, 559, 588, 616, 645, 973, 703, 734, 764, 790 Flower shows, children's exhibits at, 190 ; use and abuse of, 187 Flower, when ought plants to, 161 Flowers, colour in, 91 : in season, S. Devon, at Christmas, 798; market- ing of, 104 ; packing, 532 Fog annihilator. the. 648 Forestry, 41. 184, 377, 644, 698,765 Foxgloves, 345 Freesiaa, from seed. 246 Froghopper, the, 585 Frosts, effect of the, 16 ; in Scotland, 410 ; recent June, 47 Fruit crops, 219, 220 ; reports of, 16, 93. 100; remarks upon the, 133, 153, 182, 208 Fruit, culture and allotments, 674 ; drying, 308, 346 ; evaporated, 497 ; growing for profit, 19 ; newly-planted and pruning, 46 ; on walls, water- ing of, 408 ; Bhow at Earl's Court, 216; supply, colonial, 130; trees on north walls, 523; trophy at Lord Mayor's Show, 592 ; wired walls for, 63 Fruits, acids of, 14 ; and vegetables, new modes of disposing of, 677 ; canned and preserved, 19 ; sourness of, 159 Fruits under glass, 13, 41, 68, 99, 129, 157, 184, 213, 242, 274, 306. 339, 370 403, 435, 465, 494, 526. 558, 589, 616, 644, 673, 702, 734, 764, 791 Fruits under many names, 736 Fuchsias, white-flowered, 310 Fungoid diseases and copper-dressing, 103 Furcroea, alias Fourcroya. 186 Furnishing in Berlin, 640 Galeandra, 430 Gambier in British Borneo, 532 Garden ornamentation, 370 Gardens, English, 398 Gardeners, and their position, 44 ; Associations, Delegate Conference of, 45 Gardeners' Orphan Fund, 14, 71, 158, 186, 561, 675, 707, 711, 797 Gardeners' Roval Benevolent Institu- tion, 186, 618, 650, 675, 679, 711, 743, 770, 797 Gardening, as a profession, 704 ; happy-go-luckv, 189 ; instruction in, 100 Genista proecox, 238 Geotropism, a case of, 341 Germany, fruit imports into, 343 ; notes from, 069 Germination, influence of depth of soil on, 317 Ginger-beer plant, 445 Gladiolus, hardiness of, 412 Gladiolus, Lemoine's hardy, 469; G. oppositiflorus, 729; the. 273, 584 Glasgow Botanic Garden, 768 Glewstone Court, fruit culture at, 400 Gloxinias, 310; Sutton's, 43 Gooseberrv and Black Currant, hybrid, 161, 277, 310, 346 Gooseberries, cordon or trained, 151 ; trained, 162 Gourd, ferment in, 216 Grafting, 188 Grammangis Ellisii, 334 Granada, Botanic Garden at. 619 Grange, The, Hackbridge, 304 Grape, Gros Colmar, spelling of name, 628, 678 Grape growing in California, 794 Grapes, Black Hamburgh, well-co- loured, 471 ; at Appley Towers, 440 Grasses, agricultural, 583 Grove, The, Stanmore, 237 Gypsy-moth, the, 127 H Habenahia Susanna;, 335 Ham House, Richmond, 616 Hardy fruit garden, the, 12, 40. 69, 99, 129, 157, 185, 213, 242, 275, 307, 339, 371, 403, 435, 465, 495, 527, 558, 589, 617, 645, 672, 703, 735, 765, 791 Harewood House, YorkB, 770 Harvest in Belgium, 374 Hazlebourne, Dorking, 365 Heath, a Surrey, 235 Hebenstreitia comosa var. serratifolia, 188 Heliotrope Swanley Giant, 407 Henequen fibre in Yucatan, 401 Herbarium, Boissier, 649 Herbarium, oldest in the world, 405 Highbury, Birmingham, 524 Highfield, near Liverpool, 493 Highnam Court, 177 Hippeastrums, 535 Hives, a new frame for, 775 Hollinwood botanists' garden, 186 Hollowmead, conservatory at, 794 Holm View, Lowestoft, 14 Homeria auiantiaca, poisonous proper- ties of, 706 Hong Kong Botanic Garden, 38, 335 Hop, a variegated, 429 Hops, the production of, 620 Home, Mr. John, 531 Horse Chestnut, a large, 188 Horse-Plum, the, 219 Horticultural Club, 468, 768 Horticultural College, Swanley, 42 Horticultural instruction, 102, 372, 529, 561, 619, 621, 648, 651 ; oral instruction in, 179 Horticulture, examinations in, 590; literature, 436; object- lesions in, 219; scholarships in, 768 Humus, the nitrification of, 343 Hyacinth in moss, 651 Hybrid Currant and Gooseberry, 271 Hybridising and cross-breeding, 45 Hyde Park, bedding in, 187 Hydnonhytum andamanense, 470 Hymenanthera crassifolia, 412 I Imports (see Stccktakine). Indigofera Gerardiana, 504 Ingestre Hall, 581 Insect pests and insecticides, 736 Insecticide, a new, 159 Insects, common garden, 5S4, 621 ; how do flowers attract ?, 279 Instruction in horticulture, 768 Ipomopsis elegans picta, 38 Ireland, tree-planting in, 707 Iris hiBtrio, 729 ; I. Lorteti, 152, 218; I. nepalensie, 500 ; var. Letba, 458 Irises, Japanese, 238 Irish agriculture, 405 Ivy, light-shunning, 132 Jamaica, 38 Jameson, Dr., the late, 218, 278 Jameson Fund, Miss, 404 Jute, woollenised, 676 K Kalmia glauca, 238 Kent County Council, 675 ; experi- ments committer of the, 419 Kew Gardens, bedding at. 310 ; open- ing of, 496, 534, 648, 676 ; gardeners, guild for, 737, 770 ; museum, new exhibits at, 37 ; notes, 207, 343, 560, 552 Kinfaun's Castle, 774 Kinmel Park Gardens, 207 Kitchen garden, the, 13, 41. 69, 98, 129, 156, 185, 212, 243, 275, 307, 339, 371, 403, 434, 464, 495, 526, 559, 589, 617, 645, 673, 702, 735.765 791 Kniphofia pauciflora, 65 Labiate, a stinging, 132 La;lia anceps alba, 269, 760 ; L. a. Morada, 672 Lailias at Tring Park, 269 Laelio Cattleya elegans, 534 Land preparation, 526 Landscape gardening, 564 Lapagerias, 43 Larch disease, 18, 47, 63 Larix leptolepis, 309 Laurel Cherry, the fruit of the, 131 LAW NOTES : — Conspiring to defraud at Tunbridge Wells, 110; Jas. Cocker & Son v. the Royal Horti- cultural Society of Aberdeen, 220 The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 31, 1892. Leaves, absorption of water by, 279 ; greening of etiolated, 110 Leeks, 346 Lettuce, Carter's Harbinger, 165 ; growiDg, by electric light, 281 Lilium auratum, 412 ; L. Harrisii, 247 ; L. eulphureum, 469 Lilies at Bermuda, 728; at Oakwood, 742; of West China and Thibet, new. 613 Lily, Francis Fell, 102 Lime-tree mite, 404 Liquorice culture, 15 Livistona Alfred i, 735 Lobelia erinus, 670 Longford Castle, 61 Luculia gratissima, 713 Lyall, Dr. Robert, 519 M Maceozamia spiralis, 161 Maiden Erleigh, 333 Mamillaria fissurata, 789 Mangosteen.fruitsof, 136; imported, 78 Manure, fermentation of farmyard, 497 Manures, artificial, 711 ; artificial and natural, 247 ; comparative value of animal, 240; for fruit culture, arti- ficial, 790; for Strawberries, 564 Mansion House, floral lite at, 16 Marguerite Carnation, origination of, 471 Market tolls, 796 Marogogepie (Coffea sp.), 740 Mars, the vegetation of, 277 Mascarene Islands, the, 65 Masdevallia Harryana, white var„ 37 Mauritius Botanic Garden, the, 531 Maxillaria venusta, malformation of, 367 Megacarpaja polyandra, 16 Melon-Cucumber, 278 Mexico, Prickly Pears in, 713 Michigan flora, 309 Mignonette, Lorenz'a Improved Vic- toria, 670 Mildew, a new preventive for, 497; borax as a preventive of, 593 Mildura, dried fruits from, 769 Milner, H. E., complimentary dinner to, 437 Missouri Botanical Garden, 279 Monodora grandifiora, 469 Moorea irrorata, 592 Moth, the Gypsy, 127; the Lackey, 585; the mottled Umber, 585; the Winter. 585, 621 ; the Winter and Willesden Paper, 500 Mulberry, the, 771 Mulberry trees, two fine, 407 Muscinea?, observations on, 103 N Names, provisional, 44 Narcissus, Bernardii, 165 ; N. biflorus, 526; N. Broussonettii, 499; grow- ing at Seilly, 278, 772 Natal and its imports, 649 Natural orders, the new, 42 Nebraska, 103 Nemesia strumosa, 376 Nepenthes, 561, 594; their culture, and use for decoration, 490 Nerines, 488 Newcastle Horticultural and Mutual Improvement, 161 New Orleans, gardening notes from, 179 Nicotiana tomentosa, 341 Nomenclature, botanical, 45, 102, 438 Normanhurst Court, 427 Notes of a Traveller (see Traveller). Nova Scotia Apple crop, 341 Nursery and Seed Trade Association, dinner of the, 739 Nursery business, starting a, 246 Nursery NOTES:— Barr& Son, Long Ditton, 10 ; Begonias at Bexley Heath, 209 ; Begonias at Forest Hill, 37; Birkenhead, W. & J., 701; Box, J. R., Croydon, 380; Cannell & Sons, Swanlev, 412 ; Cheal, J., & Sons, 432 ; Dickson & Co., Edinburgh. 764; Drost, K., at Richmond, 730; Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. 700; Forbes, Jno., Hawick, NB.,470; Gilbert, E. C, Hastings, 274 ; Iceton, Win., Put- ney, 762; Kelway & Son, Lang- purt, 305; Kerr & Sons, Liverpool, 462; Liverpool Horticultural Co., 412 ; McArthur, Maida Vale, W., 183; Methven Nurseries, Edinburgh, 78 ; Orchids at St. Albans, 9 ; Peed & Son, J., 109; Reid & Bornemann, Sydenham, 380; Shuttleworth. E. D., & Co., 594; St. George's Nur- sery Co., Hanwell, 730 ; Tracy's Nursery, Twickenham, 182 ; Veitch, J.. & Sons, 102; Whiteley's, Wo, 763 Oakmere Hall, 697 Obituary:— Bedford. F., 746; Bond, George, 381 ; Bradbury, William Hardwicke, 466 ; Bullen, Robert, 473; CarstenBen, G, 531; Downie, John, 681; E.lrnonds, Chas., 404; Farquhar, S., 381 ; Fitzgerald, R. D., 405; Heale, Wm., 775; Heath, Wm., 504; Leath. Wm., 504; Jolibois, M., 309; Owen, Sir Richard, 766 ; Pratt. William, 745 ; Saul, Michael, 349; Sharman, Chas. Henry, 445 ; Spiby, Joseph, 655 ; Stainton, H. T., 707: Steell, W., 445; Thyne.Thos.C.,193; Toogood, William, 79 Ocnera dispar, gypsy-moth, 127 Odontoglossum Cervantesi var. de- corum, 534 ; O. crispum, fine vari- ties of, 123; O. excellens X, 217; O. (hybridura) Leroyanum 11, 36; O. najvium. 123 ; O. Pescatorei var. Lindeniae, 36 ; O. ramosissimum, 123 Odontospermum pvgmaeum, 405 Olearia Haasti, 411 Onions, 280 Oncidium macranthum, 334 ; O.Saint- legeriannm = O. spilopterum, 672 Open spaces, 738, 743 Oranges, imports of, 740 ; home- grown, 8 Orchards, cultivation of, 109; in Tas- mania, 158 Orchid-house?, the 13 40, 69, 99, 128, 156, 212, 243, 275, 307, 338, 371, 403, 435. 464. 494. 527. 559, 588, 617, 644, 673, 703, 734, 764. 790 Orchids, at Fernside, Bickley, 582; at Fishponds, Bristol, 408 ; at J. Veitch & Sons' Nurseries. Chelsea. 151 ; at Mr. Mackelvie's, 774 ; at Parkfield, 552; at St. Gilles' exhibition, Brus- aela, 459 ; at Van Imschoot's, 459 ; erratic, 562 ; from Grenada, 132 ; hardy terrestrial, 769; hybrid, 795; list of garden, 582 ; removing the flower-spikeB from, 92 ; sale of, in Glasgow, 442 Ouvirandra fenestralis, 670 Oxford, and its gardens. 551 ; botanic garden, 620, 679; University ex- tension, 278 Palm, West Australian Fan, 735 Palms, at Kew, 729; branched, 532 Pampas-grass at Lowestoft, 14 Pansies and Violas, 67 Para rubber, 38 Parasites of Raspberries and Apples, 161 Parsley, 136 Pasithea ccerulea, 245 Past, present, and future, 792 Pasteur, M., 795 Paulownia imperialis, 280, 311 ; a large, 440 Pea, Carter's Daisy, 128, 236 Pea, Little Gem, 110 ; Success, 408 Peas, 216. 219; autumn sown, 586, 621, 650 ; cross - breeding of, 73 ; early, 710 ; in Jamaica, 434 ; new culinary, 651, 711 ; poison in tinned, 102; various in one pod, 236 Peach, trees and dry borders, 500 ; pruning, 190 ; vars. Dymond and Prince of Wales, 374; Waterloo and Alexander, 104 Peaches and Nectarines," bush, 136 ; at Chiswick, 364 Pear Brockworth Park, 72; Jargo- nelle, 190 Pears, 594 Peaty soils, fertility of, 159 Pelanronium, grafting, 472 ; Pride of Kent, 500 Pelargoniums, large flowering, 97 ; the fancy, 181 ; P. Mr. Gordon, 587 ; show and fancy. 733 Penrhyn Castle, 695 Pentstemon, the, 523 Perfumes, 759 Peristeriaelata, from a rootless pseudo- bulb, 346 Permoyre, Brecon, 9 Pests and insecticides, 736 Phalamopsis, the self-propagation of, 644 Phenological observations for 1891, 45 Phloxes, 302 Phoenix Park, Dublin, 152 Phosphoric acid on plants, beneficial influence of, 795 Picea Breweriana, 619 Pickering Lodge, 796 Pine-apple culture, 270 Pine-apples, Abacachi, 45 Pine fungus, the, 44, 133 Pink, the border, 67 Pinus edulis, 563; P. Thunbergii, 245 Pitcher growths on Cabbage leaves, 309 Plane, a large, 500 Plants, for decoration, select, 710, 731 ; for winter and spring flowering, 104; movements of, 103 Plants, New or Noteworthy, Described: — -Agapetes Mannii,364; Agave Franzosini, 179 ; Albuca Buchananii, 488 ; Aspasia Bar- clayii, 364; Asystasia vaiia. 760; Bulbophyllum densiflorum, 150; B. O'Brienianum, 332 ; Calanthe San- deriana, 396 ; Cattleya Batalini, 332; Cirrhopetalum Thouareii, 178; Ccelogyne flexuosa, 364 ; Colchicum Decaisnei, 458 ; Costus unifolius, 696,789; C. Englerianus, 789; Cus- paria undulata, 396 ; Cymbi- dium flabellatum, 8 ; C. Humblotii, 8 ; Cypripedium Editha3, 458 ; C. Henryii, 364; C. pusillum, 364; Cypripediums, new hvbrid, 301 ; Cyrtosperma ferox, 123 ; Dendro- bium chrysocephalum, 122 ; D. Phalsenopsis Fitzger. var. Roths- childiana, 668 ; D. platycaulon, 150 ; Disa Cooperi, 268 ; D. Stairsii, 728 ; Epidendrum bituberculatum, 364 ; Eria cristata, 151 ; Habenaria car- nea, 300 ; Hebenstreitia comosa serratifolia, 34 ; Kalanchoe marmo- rata, 300; Lepantbes gracilis, 364; Lilium Davidii, 613 ; L. Delavayi, 613; L.Dachartrei, 613 ; L. Fargesii, 613 ; L. formosum, 613 ; L. lankong- ense, 613 ; L. mirabile, 613; L. myrio- phyllum, 613; L. ochraceum, 613 L. oxypetalum, 613 ; L. papilli- ferum, 613; L. sutchuenense, 613; L. taliense, 613; L. Thomsonia- num, 613 ; L. yunnanense. 613 ; Lycopodium Mooreanum, 582 ; Ma- rica occidentalis, 150 ; Masdevallia Harryana Gravesise, 122 ; Maxillaria glumacea, 364 ; Miltonia Clowesii gigantea, 552; Nemesia atrnmosa, 269; Odontoglossum auriculatum, 151 ; O. guttatum, 151 ; O. Owenianum, 178 ; O. platycheilum, 35 ; On- cidium cristatum. 364; O. Rolfe- anum, 34; O. Saintlegerianum = Bpilopterum, 582; Peperomia inqui- lina, 428 ; Pleurothallis stenosepala, 364 ; P. subulata, 150 ; P. teretifolia, 521 ; P8eudo-macodes Cominsii, 151 ; Restrepia bidentata, 364 ; R. ecua- dorenBis, 150; R. Shuttleworthii, 150; Rhododendron racemosum, 62; Spiranthes olivacea, 151 ; Vanda vitellina, 206 ; Vanilla ensifolia, 151 ; Zygopetalum graminifolium, 179 Plant Portraits. Register of :— Acacia dealbata, 73 ; Acer rubrum var. Drummondi, 73 ; Aerides Law- rencese var. Amesiana, 708 ; A. Ort- giesianum, 708; Aganisia ionoptera, 796; Agave Salmiana, 650; Allo- plectus Lynchei, 796 ; Amelanchier canadensi8, 796; Amygdalopsis Lind- leii, 161 ; Anthurium Andreanum var. Wambekeanum, 708 ; A. atro- sanguineum, 99; Apple The Queen, 73; Ascyrum crux AndresB, 46; Aa- plenium montanum, 99; Aubrietia grandifiora, 374 ; Azalea Hexe, 310 ; A. indica Germaine Pynaert, 188 ; Begonia Haageana, 46 ; B. semperflorens atropurpurea, 470 ; Bignonia speciosa, 470; Boltonia latisquama, 46 ; Bomarea frondea, 188, 246 ; Bulbophyllum anceps, 676 ; Calceolaria Pluie d'Or, 46 ; Callistemon rigidus, 46; Calochor- tus Kennedyi, 650; Canna, Madame Joanni Sallier, 708 ; Capparis flexu- osa, 188, 246; Carludovica micro- cephala, 650 ; Caryopteris Masta- chanthus, 161; Catasetum Lich- tenateinii, 708; Cattleya Alexandras, 46 ; C. aurea var. chrysotoxa, 650 ; C. autumnalis, 246; C. Dowianavar. Statteriana, 796 ; C. Hardyana X var. gardeniana, 796; C. Mossice vestalis, 99 ; Cercis Siliquastrum, 533; Charnredorea stolonifera, 650; Chimonanthus fragrans, 161 ; Coch- lioda Noetzliana, 73 ; Ccelogyne lactea, 708 ; C. Micholiziana, 708 ; Coleus, seedling varieties of, 708; Coreopsis grandifiora, 470; Costus Lucanuaianus, 470; Cotone- aster reflexa, 161 ; Cypripedium acanle, 650; C. callosum, 46; C. calurum var. Rougieri, 310 ; C. exul, var. Imschootianum,73; C.Lathami- uniim, 374; C. pubescens, 650; Cytisus Scoparius var. Andreanus, 374; Daphne Genkwa, 246; Den- drobium compressum. 708 ; D. cras- einode var. alba, 708 ; D. lamella- tum, 46; D. listeroglosBum, 708; D. Macarthia;, 676 ; D. Wardianum, var. album, 246 ; Dichorisandra angustifolia, 310 ; Dieffenbachia meleagris, 406 ; D. picturata, 650 ; Diplacus glutinosus, 708 ; Dipla- denia atro-purpurea, 796; Disa Cooperi, 310; D. Veitchii, 676; Epidendrum amabile, 246; E. Ca- partianum, 246 ; E. invereum, 246 ; Eryngium alpinum cceruleum, 533; E. giganteum, 533; Ferula t'ngitana, 796; Fuchsia triphylla, 310; Furcraja pubescens, 246 ; Gesnera cardinaliB, 374 ; Glox- inia X Tapeinotes, 374 ; Grape Duke of Malakoff, 533; Heli- conia apectabilis, 533; Heuchera sanguinea, 796 ; Hibiscus Hngeli, 676; Hypericum Ascyron, 533; Iris histrioides, 650 ; I. Lorteti, 246 ; Kniphofia caulescens, 46 ; Labisia amaragdina. 406 ; Kniph- ofia pauciflora, 796 ; Lachenalia reflexa aurea, 708 ; L. Regel- iana, 708; Lselia Reichenbachiana, 708 ; Lselio- Cattleya Digbyana X Mossise, 246 ; Lilium Leichtlinii, 374 ; Lisaochilus giganteus, 708 ; Luculia gratissima, 46 ; Lychnis flos cuculi Adolf Muss, 246; Mas- devallia, Armini, Cardtri, cau- VI The Gardeners' Ohroniole,] INDEX. [December 31, 1892. data, coccinea, coriacea, Pavisi, Estradas, polysticta, triangularis, and Wagneriana, 310 ; Melon Presi- dent Greig, 374 ; Micromeles alni- folia, 16 ; Microstylis Scottii, 796 ; Miltonia Phalaenopsis, 246; Mil- tonia vexillaria var. virginalis, 796 ; Moorea irrorata, 650 ; Nec- tarine, bronze, 533 ; Nicotiana to- mentoea = N. colossea, 310 ; Octo- meria Seegeriana, 708 ; Odontoglos- •um cirro8um, 708; O. excellens, 246 ; O. hastilabium, 99 ; O. nebuloBum, 676 ; O. triumpbans, 161 ; O. triumphans aureum, 708 ; CEnothera casspitora, 470 ; Onci- dium Phalaenopsis, 46 ; Opuntia Kafinesquiana, 73 ; Papaver alpinnm fimbriaium, 46 ; P. glaucum, 533 ; Paphinia grandia, 708; Paranephe- Hua uniflorus, 310 ; Pasithea ccerulea, 246 ; Peach Groeae Mignonne, 470; P. Hale's Early, 533 ; PearFondante du Paniael, 99 ; P. Souvenir D'Edonard Van Der Berche, 246 ; Peperomia metallica, 310 ; Perieteria Lindeni, 73; Phaiua tuberculoeua, 46, 73; Pholidota Laucheana, 708 ; Phyllo- cactus Franzii, 46 ; Pitcairnia floc- coaa, 73 ; Pittoapomm flavum. 246 ; Plenrothallis cryptoceras, 708; P. pacbyglossa, 708 ; Polygonatum ana- bile, 470; Primula floribunda, 46; Prunella grandiflora, 46; Ranun- culus carpaticua, 650; Rhododen- dron kewense, 708; R. racemoauni, 46, 533; Rodriguesia caloplectron, 16 ; Rceperocharis alcicornis, 708 ; R. Bennettiana, 708 ; R. platy- anthera, 708; R. Urbaniana, 708; Robinia Neomexicana, 796 ; Rosa Reve d'Or, 374; Salicornia mncronata, 374; Sarchochilus bor- neoensis, 650; Sarracenia flava, 246 ; Smilax argyrea, 46 ; S. glauca, 470; Solanum Seaforthi- anuin , 796 ; Spiraea lobata, 533 ; Stanhopea eburnea, 246 ; S. insignia, 676; Stemona Cortisii, 310; Stylo- phoram lanceolatum, 650 ; Swain- sona coronillaefolia, 40, 73 ; Tecoma jaaminoides, 374 ; Thalictrum ffa- tanabi, 650 ; Tillandsia Duratii, 533 ; Tradescantia superba, 533 ; Tulipa Billietiana, 310 ; Uropeta- lum Beccarianum, 708 ; Vanda in- signis, 796 ; V. teres, 470 ; Vernonia podocoma. 310; Viburnum cotini- folium, 46 ; Zephyranthes meso- chloa, 708 ; Zygopetalum cri- nitum, 533 Plant-shelf, a self-watering, 285 Plants under glass, 12, 40 68. 98, 128, 157, 184, 213. 242, 275. 307, 338, 370, 403, 434, 464, 495, 526. 559, 589, 617, 645, 672, 703, 735, 761 Platanus orientalis, 594 Plum, Rivers' Late Orange, 593 Plumiera rubra, 402 Podacbaenium andinum, 404 Poison in tinned Peas, 102 Poison, Ivy (Rhus radicans), 190 Poison on American fruits, 64 Polemonium campanulatum, 399 Polyanthus, the, 273 Poppies, Shirley and other, 302 Potato, crop, the, 205 ; disease, 102, 189 ; and the copper treatment, 157, 531 ; disease, prevention of, 373, 731 ; experiments in Ireland, 648 ; Veitch's Prodigious, 471 Potatos, at Chiswick, 350 ; influence of the nature of the soil on, 499 ; large, 500; lifting and storing, 162; planting, 795 Potentilla Salesoviana, 469 Preservative, salicylic acid as a, 44 Prickly Pears in Mexico, 713 Primula Finmarckica, 399; P. Pois- soni, 649 ; P. sibirica, 399 Privet and other plants, use of, 301 Prunes in California, 405 Primus Pisiardi, ;j] | rtyohorapbU Augusta, .'197 PuddiDg-oasin, a new, 77'1*! Queensland Acclimatisation Society, 733 Quorndon House, 121 Ranunculus carpaticus, 592 Raspberries at Penshurat, 136 Raspberry Superlative, 189 Rating of greenhouses, 308 Rays, action of the ultra-violet, 499 Renanthera Lowi, 672 Respiration of plants when injured, 795 Retinosporas, 731 Rhododendron Falconeri, 19, 74, 136, 190 ; R. Nuttalli, 437 ; R. ponticum, poisonous, 797 Rhododendrons, 667, 696, 741, 761, 789 ; at Manchester show, 467 ; European, 731, 771, 797; hybrid, 45; New Guinea, 72 Rhus radicans, 190 Rice, in Burmah, 532; in China, cultivation, 273 Richardias, 123 Riviera, plants in flower on the, 742 Rootwork, 593, 650, 711, 743 Rosa indica sanguinea, 535 ; R. rugosa, 499 Rose, budding, 149 ; Chafer, the green, 585 ; garden in October, 587 ; shows, fixtures of, 14; Souvenir de la Malmaison, 433 Rose, the, 42 ; the green, 309 Rosemary bush, an old, 43 Rosery, the, 503 Roses, for Christmas, 433; at C. J. Grahame's, 37 ; autumn and spring planting of, 433; budding, 183; for the tropics, 439; in British Guiana, 408, 439; in pots, 156 ; incorrectly named, 317 ; of 1891-92, new, 671; new, at the National Society's exhibitions of 1892, 401 ; old-fashioned, 535 ; planted out, 434; selecting and planting, 615 ; species of, from Kew, shown at Drill Hall, 103; unusual varieties of, 245 Rotation of crops, 534 Rothamated, 130 Rousham Park, 463 Royal Horticultural certificates, 373 Rudbeckia speciosa, 407 Ruxley Lodge, 492 S Saccolabium bellinum,36 ; S. gemma- tum, 708 Salads for winter, 642 Salicylic acid as a preservative, 44 Salvia hormineum, 311 Sandringham, 267 Sargent, Professor, notes from, 105 Saxifraga aretioides primulina, 19; S. muscoidea atro- purpurea, 18 Schomburgkia Humboldtii, 126 ; S. Lyonsi, 552 Schiibeler, Dr., 72 Sciadopitys verticillata, 271,;311 Scientific Committee (Royal Hobticoltubal Society) : — Abies Smithiana, 773 ; iEcidium on Paris quadrifolia, 137 ; Alder leaf perfo- rated, 652 ; Apple, the " Glassiness," 595 ; Artichoke Gall. 595 ; Barley, huBkless, 21 ; Black Rice from Bur- mah, 162 ; Bouille bordelaiae, 536 ; cause of its failure, 162; Calathea Allouia tubers, 595 ; Calochilus, 137 ; Carnations attacked with Hylemyia grubs, 20; Conifers, 595; Cronar- tium ribicola, 137 ; Cunonia capenais, 537 ; Daisy, monstrous, 137 ; Dendrobium Findleyanum bi« furcatum, branch of, 773 ; Dianthua attacked by fungus, 137. It',;' ; Docks attacked by grubs, 536 ; Fasciatetl Holly, 537; Figs, diseased, 163; Figs, Egyptian, 637 ; Fog, injuries to plants by, 594, 652 ; Fog report, 537; Gall, Artichoke, 595; Gail, Ground Ivy on, 21 ; Grindelia inu- loides, 773; Labels, garden, 652, 773; Lilium auratum, 652; Mega- carpaea polyandra, 21 ; Mignonette, proliferous, 163 ; Orchid, malformed, 773 ; Peas attacked by mites, 773 ; Peat-wood, 537 ; Pelargonium Bport, 537 ; Pinus sylve8trie, injured, 137 ; Plants, injury by fog to, 21 ; Potato di8eaae, and the uae of sulphate of copper, 21 ; Pyrus japonica fruit, 595 ; Tea-plant attacked by fungus, 20; Termes at La Rochelle, 137; 162 ; T. lucifugus, 595 ; Tomato and sulphate of copper, 137 ; Tsuga Hookeriana, 137 ; T. Pattoniana, 137 ; University horticultural educa- tion, 137; Vegetable Marrow, mal- formed, 163; Verbascum, fasciated, 163 ; Walnuts, imperfect, 537 ; Wel- lingtonia with fungi, 652 ; White ants in France, 21 Scilla lingulata, 612 Season, the dry, 44 Sednm maximum, 306 Seed, crop in Holland, 214 ; crops, pro- mise of the, 210; distributing, by the Thames, 532; trade, the, 376, 490 ; variation of, 216 Seeds on plants, 73 Seville, the gardens at, 611 Shortia galacifolia, 189, 219, 377 Shows, the premier blooms at, 772 Shrub growth, 189 Small Holdings Act, 336 Smith, W. R., 406 Smithfield Cattle Show, 707 Smuts in Oats and Wheat, 406 SOCIETIES : — Acton Horticultural, 132 ; Ascot Chrysanthemum, 597 ; Ascot Horticultural, 253; Ayles- bury Floral and Horticultural, 164 ; Banffshire Horticultural, 245 ; Basingstoke Horticultural, 254 ; Beaumaris Chrysanthemum, 649 ; Beddington, Carshalton, and Wal- liugton Horticultural, 104 ; Bourne- mouth Chrysanthemum, 624; Bir- mingham Chrysanthemum, 624 ; Birmingham Horticultural, 313 ; Biehop's Stortford Horticultural, 314 ; Bolton Chrysanthemum. 598 ; Bray Horticultural, 104; B ighton and Sussex, 71, 285; Brighton and Sussex New Horticultural and Mutual Improvement, 101, 568; Brixton Chrysanthemum, 567 ; Brussels Horticultural Exhibition, 160; Brussels Orchideenne, 497; Car- diff Chrysanthemum, 625; Car- diff Horticultural, 769; Cheadle Horticultural, 252 ; Cheltenham Horticultural, 410 ; Chester Rose, 106 ; Clay Cross Horticultural, 252 ; Clifton and Bristol Zoological, 76 ; Croydon Horticultural, 77 ; Crystal Palace Chrysanthemum, 623; De- vizes Chrysanthemum, 103; Devon and Exeter Horticultural, 284; Diss Horticultural, 649 ; Dublin Rose, 71 ; Durham Floral, 379 ; Dutch Horticultural, 161, 217, 343, 498, 675 ; Duthie Park Floral Fete, 470 ; EaliDg Horticultural, 78, 568 ; Earl's Court Hardy Fruit Show, 443; Earl's Court Rose Show, 49; Eastbourne Horticultural, 314 ; Eccles and Patricroft Chrysanthe- mum, 652 ; Edinburgh Botanical, 745, 773; Edinburgh Horticultural, 769 ; Exeter Chrysanthemum, 626 ; Fungus Foray, 502 ; Ghent Horticul- tural, 73, 217, 373, 468, 739 ; Ghent Quinquennial, 341, 497, 552 ; Glas- gow Amateur Gardeners, 302 ; Gloucestershire Rose, 76 ; Gosport Chrysanthemum, 567 ; Hammer? smith Horticultural, 133 ; Har- penden Horticultural, 770 ; Hastings Horticultural, 253; llavant Chrys- anthemum, 507 ; Hayward's Health Horticultural, 165 ; Hessle and Howdenshire Horticultural, 160 ; Henley Horticultural, 347; High- gate Horticultural, 164 ; Hitchin Chrysanthemum, 652 ; Hull Chrys- anthemum, 680 ; International Fruit Show, 281, 443 ; Ipswich and East of England, 50 ; Kent County Fruit, 653; Kingston Chrysanthe- mum, 623 ; Kingswood Horticul- tural, 313 ; Lee, Blackheath, and Lewisham, 77 ; Lewes Chrysanthe- mum, 653; Linnean, 14, 592, 648, 706,766; LiverpoolChrysanthemum, 653; Liverpool Horticultural, 132, 769; London Pansy, 675; Maiden- head Horticultural, 251 ; Man- chester Chrysanthemum, 626 ; Mas- sachusetts Horticultural, 530 ; Midland Counties Carnation and Picotee, 192, 769; Midland Pink, 108 ; Moseley Rose and Hor- ticultural, 104 ; National Amateur Gardeners' Association. 159; Na- tional Auricula, &c„ 566; National Carnation and Picotee, 102. 163 ; National Chrysanthemum, 42, 165, 308, 316, 347, 411, 472, 537, 567, 595, 675, 680, 712, 773; National Co - operative at Crystal Palace, 254; National Dahlia, 314; Na- tional Rose, 47, 375, 738; and its new departure, 299; National Pink Society (Northern Sec- tion), 14, 132; Newcastle-on-Tyne Horticultural, 283, 773 ; North- ampton Horticultural, 192; North of Scotland, 592; Norwich Chrysan- themum, 680 ; Nottingham St. Ann's Floral and Horticultural, 503 ; Oxford Carnation and Picotee, 72, 160 ; Paisley Horticultural, 348 ; Portsmouth Chrysanthemum, 597 ; Portsmouth Horticultural, 104, 164 ; Preston Floral, 445 ; Preston and Fulwood Horticultural, 309, 598, 707; Putney and Wands- worth Chrysanthemum,625; Queens- land Acclimatisation, 733 ; Read- ing Horticultural, 313 ; Reigate and District Chrysanthemum, 652 ; Rose, 78 ; Richmond Horticul- tural, 22 ; Royal Botanic Society, 46; Royal Caledonian Horticul- tural, 348, 712; Royal Horticultural, 20, 74, 102. 137, 162, 186, 190, 217, 244, 248, 277, 311, 379, 442, 500, 529, 565, 594, 621, 744,773; Royal Horticultural of Aberdeen, 108, 248, 309, 562, 568; Royal Oxfordshire Horticultural, 21, 315; Scottish Arboricultural, 217, 220 ; Rugby Chrysanthemum, 650; St. Albans Horticultural, 251 ; Scottish Ar- boricultural, 250; Scottish Bee- keeper's Association, 163; Scottish Horticultural, 72, 712 ; Scottish Chrysanthemum, 654; Scotland, North of, Horticultural and Ar- boricultural Society, 410; Scotswood Horticultural, 411 ; Shanklin Horti- cultural, 245; Shrewsbury Floral Fete, 253; Shrewsbury Horticul- tural, 309 ; Southampton Horticul- tural, 192; Southport Horticultural, 192; South Shields Chrysanthe- mum, 625; Stroud Chrysanthemum, 622; Sutton Bridge Horticultural, 221 ; Taunton Dean Horticultural, 221 ; Torquay Gardeners' Associa- tion, 411 ; Trentham Horticultural, 132 ; Tunbridge Wells Chrysanthe- mum, 680 ; Trowbridge Horticul- tural, 252 ; United Horticul- tural Provident and Benefit Society, 438; Waltham Abbey Horti* cultural, 107 ; Ware Horticultural, 72 ; Watford Chrysanthemum, 597 ; Weat Hartlepool Chryaanthemum, 650; West of Scotland Horticul- ture, 347 ; Wilts Horticultural, 220 ; Wimbledon Chrysanthe- mum, 653; Winchester Chrysanthe* mum, 625; and Horticultural, 76; Wolverhampton Horticultural, 73, 107/, 650 ; Vork Chrysanthemum, f]5Q The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 31, 1893. Vll Soils and drainage, 488 Sphagnum and the cultivation of alpines, 7 Spirteas, herbaceous, 248 Stanhopea Moliana, 36 Steam-heating, 340, 376,439, 471,642 Stemona Curtisii, 341 Stevia serrata var. foliis albo margi- natia, 43 Stock and graft, the mutual influence of, 124, 497 Stock, Ten-week Mammoth, 796 Stock-taking, 72, 218, 342, 498, 592, 738 Stockton Public Park, 532 Strawberry, Laxton's Scarlet Queen, 65 ; S. Jas, Veitch under fruit treei, 104 Strawberries, 19 ; branching, 45 Streptocarpus, 126 St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, 706 Succulents, 789 Sugar-cane, the home of, 641 ; seed- ling, 528 Sugar from Cotton seeds, 445 Sunflowers, observations on, 343 Sunlaws House, Kelso, 20 Surrey County Council, examination papers of the, 132 Surveyors' Institution, 740 Syringe, economic, 568 Swanley Horticultural College, 42 Tacsonia (hybrida) Smythiana, 704 Taxodium mucronatum, 646 Tayside, Perth, 410 Tea from Natal, 620 Technical, education, 161 ; school for horticulture, 562 Templetonias, poisonous properties of, 16 Tennyson as a naturalist, 457 Tobacco in Germany, culture of, 273 Todea barbara, a giant, 72 Tomatos, 280 Tomatos at Bridge of Allan, 471 Trachelium cceruleum, 619 Trafalgar Park, 534 Translucent bricks, 132 Trapa natans, 771 Traveller's notes, a, 11, 67, 180, 305, 350, 399, 470, 552. 643, 700, 772 Trees, growth in 1892, 211 ; planting, and choice of plants, 555 Trees, and girdling, 103 ; for marsh and mountain, 241, 462 ; in London, 530 ; large, 500 ; newly-planted, 471 ; and pruning, 46 : transporta- tion of, in 1600 b c, 762 Trichopilia breris, 36 Tring Park. Lselias at, 269 Trinidad, 306 ; tropical nurseries, 106 Trout in gardens, 90, 162 Tsuga Pattoniana, 10 Tuberose, culture of the, 91 Turtle seeds, 217 U Union Horticole Franchise et Etran- gore, 45 United States, the, 310 Upland Cress, 188 Uplands, the, 555 Urceocharis Clibrani x , 214 Urceolina pendula aurea, 679 at of Valonea attacked by insects, 430 Vanda Amesiana, 760; V. ccerulea, 247, 281, 552; V. Sanderiana, 304 ; V. teres var., 123 Vanilla disease, 158 Vegetables at Chiswick, 281 Veitch's, H. J., silver wedding, 186 Vernonia podocoma, 309 Vine, a variegated, 440; culture Duffel, 707 ; food requirements the, 70 Vines, how to renovate old, 210 Violas, 344 W Warwick schools, 678 Washington, 273 WaBhingtonia filifera, 590, 677, 797 Wasps, 311 Watsonia, the white, 219, 471 Weather fluctuations, 43 Weed destroyers, dangerous, 131 Weights and measures, 562 West Australian Fan Palm, 736 West Indians, curare poison of, 621 Wettstein, R. von, 706 Wheat crop of 1892, 522; smuts in, treatment of, 406 " White Lady, the," 216 Wired walls for fruit trees, 63 Wireworms, 564 Witsenia corymbosa, 713 Woodbank, Dumfries, 165 Woodlice, how to catch, 743 Woolton Wood Gardens, 433 Worcestershire Union of Workmen's Clubs, 707 World's Fair, Chicago, 668 World's Fair and British gardeners, 706 X enia Orchidacea, 706 Tew, poison of the, 245 ; poisoning of stock by, 376 Yews, trained, at Aberglasney, 761 Yucatan, Henequen fibre in, 401 ZrooPETALUM Lindeni, 334 ; Z. gra- minifolium, 334 RAMONDIA PTRENAICA. (In the Botanic Garden, Tiinity College, Dublin.) Vlll Tke Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 31, 1893. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Abies Veitchii, British-grown cone of, 399 Agave FranzoBini, 181 Allamanda Hendersoni at Hollow- mead, 793 Apple, Lady Sudeley, 332 ; Lane's Prince Albert, 333 ; Loddington, 335; Peaagood's Nonsuch, 337 Apples, Foxwhelp, 531, 533 ; seal? for size of, 568 ; scale, insect on, 747 Athyrium, a new, 301 Azilea indica imbricata, 739; A. mollis, 91 ; A. obtusa, 741 B Bamboo, a giant, in Ceylon, 303 Banyan tree in Botanic Garden, Cal- cutta, 409 Begonia, boliviensis, 247; B. Maz Ts, 241 ; B. socotrana,239 ; B. Veitchii, 249 Birchleaves, plan of garden at, 441 Botanic Gardens, Trinity College, Dublin, views in, 35, 43 Bougainvillea-house at Cliveden, 75, 92; B. spectabilia, at Bangalore, 101 Bournemouth, Invalid's Walk, 405 Buddleia Colvillei, 187 Caralluma campanulata, 369 Carica, germination of, 612, 613 Carnation, leaf disease, 627 ; C. shelter at Mr. Benary's, 345 Castle Levan, garden view at, 467 Cattleya, dimerous flower of, 219 ; C. Mendelii, 365 Cercopis spumaria, 585 Chrysanthemum carinatum, fl -pi., 669 Chrysanthemums, stand of, 521 Cordon Apples, Plums, See., 640, 641, 643 Crewe Hall, 737 Cronartium ribicola, 135 Cross-bred Peas, 70, 71 Cypripedium Morganire, showing dis- placement. 217 Cyrtanthus Tuckii, 155 Disa Cooperi, 269 D'Ombrain, Rev. H. H„ 43 Downie, John, the late, 681 Dupplin Castle, 525 Echinocactos myriostigma, 789 Encephalartos Altensteinii, 489 ; cones of, 491, 493 Epidendrnm vitellinu'n majus, 159 Eucharis Bakeriana, 209 Faringford, Isle of Wight, 461 Frog-hopper, the, 585 Fuchsia, a specimen, 193 Galeandra nivalis, 431 Germination of Carica, 612, 613 Gladiolus Colvillei, 90 Gooseberry and Currant hybrid, 271 H Hollowmead Lodge, Allamanda Hen- dersoni at, 793 ; conservatory at, 793 Hop, a variegated, 429 Hyacinth in ball of moss, 651 Hybrid Currant and Gooseberry, 271 Hymenanthera crassifolia, 411 I Insects, common garden, 585 Invalids walk, Bournemouth, 405 Iris histrio, 729 ; I. Lorteti, 153 K Kniphofia pauciflora, 65 Lobelia erinus Goldelse, 669 M Masdevallia Harrvana var. Graveeia;, 131 Maxillaria venusta, 367 Megacarptca polyandra, 17 Mignonette, Lorenz's improved Vic- toria, 671 Millipedes, 505 Moth, the Lackey, 585; the Mottled Umber, 585; the Winter, 585 N Nemesia cynanchifolia, 276 ; N. stru- mosa, 277 Nepenthes intermedia. 125; N. Hook- eriana, 557 ; N. Rafllesiana, 553 Osteology in the garden, 775 Pampas grass at Lowestoft, 15 Pea, Carter's Daisy, 237 Peas, Cross-bred, 70, 71 ; various, in a pod, 236 Pelargonium Mr. Gordon, 587 Peridermium strobi, 134 Pinus edulis, 563 Plant-shelf, a self-watering, 285 Potato-plants dressed with sulphate of copper, 375 Ptychoraphis Augusta, 397 Pudding-basin, a new, 775 Rahondia pyrenaica, p, vii. Rhododendron Aucklandi, 697 ; R. balsaminsellorum, 769; R. campylo- carpum, 699; R. dahuricnm, 701 R. Manglesii, 767; R. precox, 771 R. racemosum, 63 ; R. Roylei, 709 Rose-chafer, the green, 585 Roses, budding of, 150 Sarracenia Popei X , 127 Saul, Michael, the late, 349 Scale on Apples, 747 Sirex gigas, 167 Stock, Mammoth Ten-week, 788 Strawberry, Royal Sovereign, 21 Sugar-cane, seedling, 529 Sweet William, multiplication of bracU in, 414 Tacsonia (bybrida) Smythiana, 705 Taxodium mucronatum, 647 Tennyson's garden, bridge in, 463 ; house, Faringford, 461 Testudinaria elephantipes, germination of, 615 Tree, transportation of, 1600 b c , 763 Trinity College, views in Botanic Gardens, 35, 43 Tsuga Mertensiana, flowers of, 11 ; T. Pattoniana, flowers of, 10 Urceocharis Clibrani x, 215 Urceolina pendula, 211 Vine grafting, 746 W Washingtjnia filifera, 591 Yews at Aberglasney, 761 SUPPLEMENTARY Abistolochia gigantea, September 17. Bamboo in Ceylon, September 10. Cycads, a oboup of, in the Palm House, at Kew, October 22. Dendrocalamus sikkimensis, December 3. Dover House, Roeiiampton, November 5. ILLUSTRATIONS. Fernery, a British, August 27. Fernery at L' Horticulture Internationale Brussels, Sep- tember 24. Rhododendron Nuttalli, October 8. Seville, Scene in the Alcazar Garden, November 19. Established i84i. No. 288.-Vol.XII.{st™°} SATUEDAY, JULY 2, 1892. [Regt. as a Newspaper. -J ■ RICE 3d* I Post-free, 3£d Acidi of fruits, the Alpines, and the use of sphagnum moss ... Aster alpiuus var. albus... Begonia, leafy Begonia, Rosebud Books, notices of The Application of Arti- ficial Manures to Fruit and Vegetable Grow- ing Everybody'8 Pocket Cy- clopEedia Botanical Magazine California as a home Calochortus amcenus Cinerarias Clerodendron Balfouria- inim Coal-tar as a protection to trees Dew, and its action on plants Farna, dwarf British Floral decorations Frost, effects of the Fruit crops, report of Fruit-growing for profit Fruits, canned and pre- served Gardeners' Orphan Fund International Horticul- tural Exhibition Larch disease Liquorice culture Mansion House, Floral Fate at CONTENTS. 14 Megacarptea polyandra ... 18 Nursery notes : — Messrs. Barr & Sons ... 10 Orchids at St. Albans ... 9 Oranges, home*gro>vn ... 8 Orchid notes and gleanings 1 1 Pampas-grass at Lowestoft 14 Permoyre, Brecon 9 Plants, new or noteworthy Cymbidium flabellatum ,, Humhloitii Plant portraits Rhododendron Falconeri . Saxifraga mascoides alro- purpurea ,, arctioides primulina Scotland Societies — Royal Horticultural : Scientific Committee Linnean National Pink Oxfordshire Horticul- tural Richmond Horticultural Strawberries Templetonias, poisonous properties of 16 Traveller's notes, a ... 11 Tsuga Mertensiana ... 10 ,, Pattoniana 10 Week's Work, the ... 12 Flower garden, the ... 13 Fruits under glass ... 13 Hardy fruit garden ... 12 Kitchen garden, the ... 13 Plants under glass ... 12 Orchid houses, the ... 13 ILLUSTRATIONS Megacarptea polyandra Pampas-grass at Lowestoft Strawberry, Royal Sovereign Tsuga Mertensiana, flowers of Tsuga Pattoniana, flowers of Now Ready, in Cloth, 11$. 6d., " The Gardeners' Chronicle" Vol, XL, Third Series, January to June, 1892. The Publisher, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W,C. 11 The Gardeners' Chronicle " in America. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30/or 12 months. Agent for America, E. H. Libby, Manager, The Mural Publish- ing Co., Times Building, Neio York, to whom American orders may be sent, TREE FERNS, 1 foot to 10 feet, at greatly reduced prices, 'As. to 30s., in splendid condition. F. PRATT, Mr. Iceton. Putney Park Lane. Putney. ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.— Please write for New Illustrated Price LIST of well- established, healthy, and easily-grown plants. W. L. LEWIS and CO., F.R.H.S., Chase Side, Southgate, London, N. Nursery, Orchid Road. FOR SALE, 800 MAIDENHAIR FERNS, large plants, in 32's or 24's, in one or more lots. Several thousand feet of 3 and 4-inch IRON PIPING, BOILERS, and GLASS, to be sold cheap Apply to J. LANCASTER, Lime Tree Villas, Plaistow, E. 900 000 CELERY PLANTS, Clayworth *<""l \)\J\J Pride, all transplanted and strong. 6s. 6d. per 10"0; for 5000 and over 6s. per 1000; 100,000 CAULI- FLOWERS, 7s. per 10i0 ; BRUSSELS SPROUTS, 4s. per 1000. Cash with order Also, Robins-on's Ox CABBAGE PLANTS, 3s. per 1000.— GEO. YORKE, Seedsman. Retford. Sow now for eaily flowering In Spring. ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES. gjj= The finest Btrain of Pansies in the World. ,jgl Introducer and Grower of all the leading Novelties. CATALOGUE free, on application. FRED. ROEMEB, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. For Present Sowing. SUTTON'S PERFECTION CALCEOLARIA. — The finest strain in existence. Sir Alexander E. Ramsay, Bart.. Cheltenham, says : — " I have taken First Prize for Calceolarias from your Seed, the other competitors being nowhere. They all had quite a different variety of plant; mine were the admiration of all visitors." Price of Seed, 5«. and 3s. Qd, per packet, post-free. BUTTON'S CALCEOLARIA "CLOTH OF O GOLD." — A pure goldeu-yellow self-coloured Calceolaria of robust yet compact habit, with immense trusses of flowers of the large-t s-ize and finest form. Price of Seed, 5s. and 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. BUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY O DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c. CO. VAN TUBEROEN, Jan., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to — Messrs. R. SILBEKRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, E.C. N.B. — Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. CHOICE FRUIT ! — CHOICE FRUIT ! Highest market prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, Centre Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. JOHN COLLINGRIDGE is open to receive Consignments of Choice CUT FLOWERS for SALE, on COMMISSION. Highest references. New Flower Market, and 5, Russell Court, Strand, W.C. WD. BUNDAY, of Covent Garden Market, • and 37, Exeter Street, W.C, is open to SELL on COMMISSION, TOMATOS, GRAPES, &c. Good references. Hooper's Flower and Fruit Agency. MESSRS. HOOPER and CO. (Limited), will be pleased to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS and FRUIT for SALE, on COM- MISSION. Having been established in Covent Garden for upwards of half a century, they have a very large connection, which affords them great facility in the disposal of choice stuff. Account Sales, with Remittance, posted same day as Sale. HOOPER'S Flower and Fruit Agency, Covent Garden, W.C. MESSRS. SQUELCH and WOOD, Faun Salesmen, North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of GRAPES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, and all kinds of HOT-HOUSE PRODUCE. Our business connections being amongst the best houses in London, we are in a position to secure the highest prices for all choice goods. Account Sales forwarded daily and cheques weekly, or daily if required. Empties and labels supplied. Reference, London and County Bank, Covent Garden Branch, LOVEL'S YORKSHIRE STRAWBERRIES. Well-rooted runners of Thury, Noble. Paxton, President, Queen, and others. Sample Packet, 6rf. Price LIST on appli- cation.—W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield. BUY DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.— Lowest prices in the Market. LILIUM HARRIS!!, TUBEROSES (the true Pearl), PAMPAS, SEA-OATS, FAIRY FLOWERS in all colours, SEA-MOSS. &c. F. W. O. SCHMITZ and CO. (of Jersey City, America), Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41 , WelliogtonStreet, London, W.C. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nureery, 4, Maida Vale, London, W. C DENSON and C O., O • Covent Garden Market, W.C. WANTED, good ROSES and CHOICE CUT FLOWERS to SELL on COMMISSION. All communications to The Nurseries, 22. Maida Vale, W. CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE WHITE FLOWERS WANTED, all the year round. Terms Cash on receipt of g »ods, or monthly, to suit sender. Particulars, in full, to WRIGHT FISHLOCK, Elliott Street, Liverpool. WANTED, CUTTINGS of DOUBLE WHITE GERANIUMS, Silver Queen and Medame Vaucher. — Address — GRAY and CO., Worthing. V CARTERS' — THE BEST SEEDS. CARTERS' VICTORIA PRIZE CALCEOLARIA. CARTERS' BRILLIANT PRIZE CINERARIA. The finest Btrains in cultivation. Far in advance of all others. Price of seed in sealed packets, 2s. 6tf. and 3s. Gd. per packet, post-free. The Queen's Seedsmen, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. GRAPE VINES, healthy green plants, in small pots, Hamburgh, Muscat, Madresfield, Coimar, Downes, Alicante, &c, 30*. per 100. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. STRAWBERRIES.— Descriptive priced LIST of new and select Strawberries for the coming season for cul- tivation in the open ground, and in pots for forcing, now ready, including "LAXTON'S SENSATION," new, very large, second early variety, wonderfully prolific, and uf good flavour. "LAXTON'S SCARLET QUEEN," the best-flavoured and brightest-coloured first early; White Kuight, Competitor. Cardinal, La1 est of All, and Commander, all distinct and reliable new varieties ; Noble, A. Nicaise, La Grosse Sucree, J. Ruskin, and all the best Standard English and foreign eorts, true to name. THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition, just out. Price 5s., post-free, 5s. Qd. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. ISO.ooo.-Special Offer of Eentlas. W ICETON has a large quantity of the • above to offer, very reasonable, at from £7 10s. per 1000. Thumbs, well-established, £10 per 1000; in oO's, well established, at £30 per 1000. W. ICETON, Putney. S.W. CABBAGE PLANTS— Special Offer, 2,000,000 very strong plants : Enfield, Early Sheepfold, Drumhead, Savoy, and Sutton's Giant Drumhead, Is. Qd. 500 ; 2s, 6d. 1000. EDWARD LEIGH. Cranleigh, Surrey. Many Acres of Lilies of the Valley ! TJANNOCH, Largest Grower of LILIES • OF THE VALLEY in the Kingdom, offers 3-year-old flowering Crowns for forcing, and 2 ana 1-year-old Crowns for planting out, of unsurpassed quality. Hundreds of testi- monials. Time of sending out, November 1 to May 1. Prices and terms on application. T. JANNOCH (Lily of the Valley Grower by special appoint- ment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales), Dersiogham, King's Lynn. Norfolk. FOWLER'S MEALY BUG DESTROYER, For the eradication of this most troublesome pest. It is easily applied, is instant destruction to both insect and ova, and does not stain or injure the foliage. In Bottles, Is.. 2s. 6d.t 5s., and 10s. ; half gallon, 21s. ; one gallon, 42s. each. CORBY and CO., Limited, 13, 15, 16, Finsbury Street, E.C. Sold by all Seedsmen. Boulton & Paul's Outdoor Requisites. BOULTON and PAUL, Manufacturers, NORWICH. Every Requisite for the Kennel and Poultry Yard, Aviaries, Pigeon Cotes, Pheasantries. Requisites for the Garden, Park, Pleasure Grounds. Wire Netting for Game and Sheep. Iron and Wire Fencing, Gates, &c. Send for Illustrated CATALOGUES, post-free, on application J WEEKS and CO., Horticultural, • Engineers to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government Admiralty Department, War De- partment, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Botanic Society, Parks, and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE andPLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent : Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JnLT 2, 1892. SALES by AUCTION. Tuesday Next. 1000 ODONTOGLOSSDM ALEXANDRA. CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERIANUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, July 5, 1000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, best Pacho varie- ties, amongst which are many grand masses; an importation of CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERIANUM, just to hand, all for sale without reserve ; 200 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Cool- house, and others ; ORCHIDS in FLOWER, and a choice collection of MASDEVALLIAS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Zamias.— Important Consignment. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that they have received a consign- ment of 31 trunks of MACROZAMIA SPIRALIS, several being 6 feet in circumference, 121 MACROZAMIA CARALLIPES, 11 XANTHAREAHASTILIS, and 1570 seeds of MACROZAMIA SPIRALIS. The importation is the grandest ever received (the whole being in splendid condition), and will be SOLD on FRIDAY, July 22 next. Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C. Friday Next, July 8. THE GREAT SALE OF THE SEASON. TWO ROYAL CATTLEYAS, QUEEN VICTORIA, AND PRINCESS OF WALES. In wonderful health ; eyes perfectly dormant, bulbs plump, full of green leaves ; absolutely in perfect order and condition. THE NEW SOBRALIA, SOBRALIA IMPERATRIX, Many flowers on a stem, and snow-white, from a new country. CATTLEYA SCHRODERJE, fine importation. The New White Sweet-scented ANGR-ECUM O'BRIENIANUM. Entire Importation is Offered. THE NEW CY.RTOPODIUM M ACR ANTIIUM, Infloreicencea enormous; flowers brilliant, and most gorgeous. The very Rare True DENDROBIUM DAYANUM, A splendid Dendrobe. CYPRIPEDIUM NTVEUM. CYPRIPEDIUM SPECIES fiom Sumatra. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE HIMALAICA, from the base of the Mountains. VANDA CCERULEA, the dark blue Looshai variety. VANDA HOOKERI. EULOPHIA from West Africa, PHAIUS from New Guinea, and many other tine things. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions to SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, July 8, at half-past 12 o'Clock, the above magnificent importations, probably the very finest ever seen in these Rooms. Messrs. PROTHEROE A.ND MORRIS have personally inspected the Plants, and they aire, without exception, the grandest l:>t ever seen. Postponement of Sale. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. previously advertised to take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C.. on THURSDAY NEXT, will be POSTPONED till THURSDAY, JULY 14. Gentlemen wishing to include Plants will please SEND LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Sea View Nursery, near Havant, Hampshire. TO BE SOLD by AUCTION by MESSRS. WYATT and SON, on THURS- DAY. July 7. 1892, at the " Bear Hotel," Havant, at 3 o'Clock precisely, in one or in six lota, the very Valuable FREEHOLD NURSERY, with COMFORTABLE RESIDENCE, known as the Sea View Nursery, in the occupation of Messrs. Ewing & Co., situate at Havant, within half a mile of the Havant Railway Station, the Junction of the London & South Western and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Companies. The Nursery consists of 3J Acres of excellent Land, with good Building Frontages to Wade Court Road and Lymbourn Road. The ground is well suited for the growth of Roses, for which it has achieved a good reputation; and of fruit and ornamental trees, and other Nursery Stock. Erected on the grounds are several glasshouses and pits, and the whole is well sheltered by hedges, and in an excellent position. The Residence is modern, and substantially built, and contains 3 sitting-rooms, 6 bed- rooms, domestic offices, dairy, and outbuildings, with a good flower and fruit garden attached. Possession can be given at an early date, and the purchaser can have the option of taking the stock by valuation. If not sold in one lot, the property will be offered in six lots, consisting of the Residence and Garden, the Nursery Ground of about 2\ acres, and four Build- ing Plots, of 70 feet frontage each, to Wade Court Road. The Property may be Viewed on application at the Nursery, or to the Auctioneers; and particulars, with conditions of Sale and Plans, obtained of Messrs. WALKER AND WHITFIELD, Solicitors, 22. Surrey Street, Strand, London; and of Messrs. WYATT and SON, Estate Agents, Valuers and Auctioneers, East Street, Chichester; and Auction M-.irt, Havant. THOMAS B. JAMES will hold a SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER at his Sale Rooms. 12. Bull Ring. Birmingham, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 7, at half-past 12 o'Clock. Gentlemen intending BRINGING PLANTS on MORNING, will kindly SEND LIST BEFOREHAND. To the Traae and Others.— Dissolution of Partnership. Extensive SALE of NURSERY STOCK, at New Goldenacre Nurseries, Edinburgh, on JULY 14, 1S92, at 11 o'clock Forenoon. MR. DAVID MITCHELL, Horticultural Auctioneer, has been instructed by Mr. D. W. Thomson (owing to Dissolution of Partnership, and Alterations of New Glasshouses at New Goldenacre Nurseries) to DISPOSE of. by PUBLIC AUCTION, on the above date, the WHOLE of the MAGNIFICENT STOCK of PLANTS, consisting of Thou- sands of Palms of all sorts and sizes, comprising choice Kentias, Latanias, Seaforthias. Cocos, and Geonomas; beautifully coloured Dracaenas, and Crotons in variety, Anthuriums, Pandanus, fine lot of Eucharis and Azaleas (including large number of Deutche Perle), Gardenias, Ferns, Orchids, Pitcher Plants. Stove and Greenhouse Climbers, Liliums, and Miscella- neous Plants in quantity. "Catalogues, in preparation, may be had from Mr. D. W. Thomson, New Goldenacre Nurseries, Edinburgh ; or of the Auctioneer, 6, Comely Bank. Cable Cars from Hanover Street to Goldenacre Toll every few minutes. Plants now on view.— Edinburgh, June 25. Arlesey, Bedfordshire. On the main line of the Great Northern Railway, midwav between Sheffor.t and Baldock. and close to the ARLESEY Station, THK "WATERLOO" FARM, a Freehold and Tithe-free Estate of valuable Garden Land, containing 330a. Or. Op., and having an extensive frontage to the road from Arlexey Station to Stotfold, let to Mr. Daniel at an annual rental of £d75, to be SOLD by AUCTION, at the "Sun Hotel," Hitchin, on TUESDAY, July 26, 1892, at 4.30 o'Clock precisely, by MR. J. E. EVE and Mr. GEORGE JACKSON, (who are jointly concerned). The "WATERLOO" FARMHOUSE and HOMESTEAD and 250a. Or. Op. of GRASS and ARABLE LAND will be offered in One Lot, and the remainder in Eight Lots, to suit the convenience of purchasers. Also, the "OLD OAK" PUBLICHOUSE. Garden and Paddock, within 200 yards of the Arlesey Station, and a Plot of BUILDING LAND adjoining, both now let to Mr. Page, of Ashwell Brewery, at the rental of £y0 per annum. The tenancies of the whole of the Estate will terminate at Michaelmas next. Particulars and Plans can be obtaimd of Messrs. PRESS and INSKIP, Solicitors, Bristol; of Mr. J. R. EVE, Bedford, Hitchin, and Luton ; and of Mr. GEORGE JACKSON, Hitchin, Baldock, and Royston, Herts. To Fruit and Plant Growers. PARTNERSHIP REQUIRED in a GOOD BUSINESS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have a Client desirous of investing about £2000 in a good FRUIT and PLANT GROWING BUSINESS, and will be glad to hear from any Grower who may be disposed to open negotiations. Auction and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. WANTED TO RENT, a SMALL NUR- SERY, with from Three to Six Greenhouses, &c. ; or 1 or 2 Acres of Land suitable for a Nursery, near Rail, and within easy distance of London. — Address, T. WILES, •% York Road, Maidenhead, Berks. To Florists, Gardeners, &c. TO BE LET, a most conveniently situated PLOT of LAND, containing about 23,000 superficial feet, close to Kenniugton Park, with frontage to two roads; suit- able for a Florist's or Gardener's Business. As a whole, or in plots, either on Lease for 7, 14, or 21 years, or Agreement for shorter term. — Apply to — Messrs. BRIANT and SON, 200, Kennington Park Road, S.E. To Fruit Growers, Nurserymen and Others. GOOD ARABLE and MEADOW LAND to be LET or SOLD. Close to the main road at Ponder's End (9 miles from London). Long leases granted. Rent, £12 per acre per annum, with option to purchase the Freehold any time during the first nine years. Several large Market Nurseries are established on the Estate. Full particulars of A. and G. GUIVER. Land Agents, Ponder's End. Walthamstow. TO FLORISTS' AND AMATEUR HORTICULTURISTS. SMALL FREEHOLD NURSERY.— Six- roomed Cottage. Two Greenhouses heated by hot water. Seven light Pits, .Sheds, &c. Small stock. Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. HAMPSHIRE, near a station, and doing a good trade in neighbouring towns in CUT FLOWERS, FERNS, TOMATOS and CUCUMBERS. NURSERY of about 4 Acres. 23 Greenhouses, all well heated, Sheds and Mush- room-house, 8-roomed House and bothy, Lease direct from Freeholder. Stock optional. Three Shops in various Towns can be had if required. Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. FREEHOLD LAND, 35 miles from London, in ONE ACRE PLOTS, at £20, and HALF-ACRE PLOTS, at £10 each. No restrictions ; Free Conveyance. Payable by Instalments. Good Land, well adapted fir Fruit or Poultry. Why Emigrate? Mr. BRAKE. Farnborough. Hants. r[X) BK SOLD, a FLORIST'S SHOP and i SMALL NURSERY, near Covent Garden; all Glass. Bad health the cause of leaving. No reasonable offer refused. Apply, L. P., The Nursery, Stockwell Rond, S.W. f ONDON, S.E.— FOR SALE, a COMPACT -Li NURSERY, well situated ; Five Greenhouses, and Half an Acre of Land. Rent, £10. Also, if desired. House and Shop, two minutes' walk from Nursery and railway station. Owner leaving neighbourhood, having purchased a larger business. — Apply, H.. Gardeners' Chronicle Oitice, 41, Welling- ton Street. Strand, W.C. N~~ URSERY and JOBBING GARDENING BUSINESS for DISPOSAL, in Tunbridge Wells ; estab- lished 11 years; 5 heated and well-stocked Glasshouses; capital Grounds in good working order. Lease 10 years. Rent £16 105. Will be sold as it stands at the very low price of £110. Rare opportunity. DILNOTT, STOKES AND FUGLE, Business Agents, Tun- bridge Wells. PICTURESQUE ROCK SCENERY.— Form- ing Waterfalls. Lakes, and Streams, Ferneries, Winter Gardens, Alpineries, &c, as in hundreds of places about the kingdom, including at Aldenham House, Elstree, so faithfully illustrated in this journal of November 21, executed by PULHAM AND SON, 50, Finsbury Square, London, E.C. and Broxbourne, Herts. Photo Illustrated Booksent for inspection on receipt of twelve stamps. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. PRIMULAS ! PRIMULAS ! PRIMULAS ! 24th year of distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, 15. 6rf. per dozen. 105. per 100. CINERAMAS, same price; also PRIMULA OBCONICA, id. each. Carriage free for cash with order. JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseri:s, Coventry. ^'HORTICULTURE INTERNATIONALE (Orchid Emporium), Leopold Park, Brussels. THE GRANDEST CHOICE of ORCHIDS in EVROPE. THE DIRECTORS, Messrs. LINDEN, cordially invite Amateurs and Nurserymen to visit their Establishment. They will find at L'Horticulrure Internationale the Finest, Healthiest, and Largest Stock of New, Rare, or Popular Orchids in Cultivation. Grand Importations every week. LISTS and CATALOGUES on application. rY R A D E O F F E R -L COCOS Weddeliana, in thumbs ... OF PALMS. ... at 20s. per 100. ,. ,, in 6<)'s, at 55s. per 100. KENTIA Fosterianu & Belmur^anu, in thumbs, at 20s, per 1O0. ,, „ ,, in 60"s, ... at 00s. per 100. „ ,, ,, in 48V, ... at 24s. per do/. ., ,, ,, in 3JV, ... at 48s. per do/. SEAFORTHIA Elegans, in 60'a at 32.?. per 100. ,, „ in 48's, at £i per 100. W. Iceton has a fine Stock of Asparagus plumosuu nanus, in 48's and 60 's ; Pandanus Veitchii, Dracaena Lindenii, and Ficus elastica.— W. ICETON, Putney, S.W. Seeds for Present Sowing. DICKSON and ROBINSON'S Superb Strains of the following are unsurpassed : — CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, GLOXINIA, and PRIMULA, Red, White, and Mixed Colours, each Is. t$d. and 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. EXHIBITION DWARF EVERGREEN LAWN GRASS, per lb. Is., post-free. Is. 3d. ; per cwt., 100s., earrings paid. Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE, post-free, on application. Seed Warehouse, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester. SOW NOW FOR SPRING FLOWERING I A' LL the Rest Varieties of MYO- SOTIS (ForBet-me-nots). SILESES, i EAST LOTHIAN & BROMPTON STOCKS, WALLFLOWERS. PANSIES. PRIMROSES, POLYANTHUS, &c. . Per Packet, Gd., Is., and Is. 6d., post-free. Seed Merchants & Nurserymen Chester ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, HATE AN IMMENSE STOCK of ORCHIDS, All in the finest health and condition, And they are constantly receiving importations from various parts of the world. The Company earnestly request the inspection of their Stock by intending Purchasers. New, Descriptive, and Priced CATALOGUES post-free on application to the Company. THE VINEYARD AND NU11SERIES, GARSTON, «*« LIVERPOOL Jult 2, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. EXHIBITIONS. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, GARDENS, REGENT'S PARK. EVENING FETE, 1892, WEDNESDAY NEXT, JULY 6. EVENING FETE and EXHIBITION of TABLE DECORA- TIONS, FLOWER PAINTINGS, &c. Gates open 8 to 12 P.M. The Bands of the 2nd Life Guards and Royal Horse Guards (by kind permission of the commanding officers). The Ladies' Pompadour Band and the Handbell Ringers will be in attend- ance. Tickets, to be obtained at the Gardens only, by vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 10s. ; or on the day or evening of the Fete, 15s. each. CROYDON ROSE SHOW, JULY 6. CHALLENGE CUP, VALUE TWENTY-FIVE GUINEAS, and National Rose Society SILVER MEDAL for AMATEURS and GARDENERS. National Rose Society SILVER-GILT MEDAL and Good PRIZES for NURSERYMEN. 55, Church Road, Croydon. A. C. ROFFEY, Secretary. EOYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY.— The SUMMER SHOW of this Societv will be Held in the WAVERLEY MARKET, EDIN- BURGH, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, JULY 13 and 14. The Council will be glad to receive from English Growers Roses for Exhibition. ALL EXPENSES will be paid, and Boxes returned. Intimation, stating Space required, to be made not later than FRIDAY, JULY 8, to Mr. W. YOUNG, 18, Waverley Market, Edinburgh. CHAS. STEWART, Hon. Sec. CARDIFF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. FOURTH ANNUAL SHOW on AUGUST 17 and 18 Next. PRIZES, £300, Limited SPACE TO LET for Garden Appliances. For Schedules, &c, apply to — H. GILLETT, Secretary. 66, Woodville Road, Cardiff. KINGSWOOD, ST. GEORGE, and WEST GLOUCESTER FLOWER SHOW. KINGSWOOD, AUOUST 2 4, 189 2. £170 IN PRIZES. Schedules can be obtained from the Hon. Secretaries, F. H. JULLION, St. 'Jeorge, J. STUBBS, Kingiwood. ORCHID EXHIBITION, at Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. QRCHID EXHIBITION.— Now OPEN. / ORCHID EXHIBITION— Admission Free. ORCHID EXHIBITION.— One of the most beautiful sights iu Loudon. ORCHID EXHIBITION.— A vision of loveli- ness unparalleled in Europe. (^RCHIDS.— Must be seen to be realised. ORCHID EXHIBITION, at Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment, 53d, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. DAFFODIL BULBS, FOR FORCING PURPOSES. Harthind, of Cork, is now raising his Crop of Ard-Righ and Countess of Annesley, Golden Plover, &c, for the Trade, and shall be glad of immediate Orders. The Bulbs are simply maguiliceut. Please write for Prices and Samples. Daffodil Grounds at Ard-Cairn. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, F.R.H.S., Seedsman, Cork. ARTHUR FLINSCH, LOSCHWITZ, near DRESDEN. LARGE PEACH CROWER In Hothouses and Open Air. Export of Fruit to all Parts. FERNS a SPECIALITY. A magnificent stock of Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Ferns, in 1400 species and varieties. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion. The most beautiful and complete ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of FERNS (No. 22), ever published. 23. post-free. It contains 150 Illustrations, and an immense amount of interesting and instructive matter of great value to all Fern Cultivators. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., FERN NURSERIES, SALE, near MANCHESTER. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Pancras. Trade Offer of Large Palms. WICETON has a large Stock of the leading • kinds of Decorative PALMS from 6 to 25 feet high, fit for Conservatory and House Decorations ; Dracfenas, Bam- boos, and Foliage Plants. Lowest Prices quoted on application. W. ICETON, Putney. S.W. If You want LOVELY GARDENS, you must have BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS •diitt MrtTO- fAP o Alternantheras, in variety, fine stuff in Buy flowiora pQtg^ 2s. 6rf. per doz., 16s. per 100; from uay mspiay. st0res, 10s. per 100. Calceolaria. Golden Gem, out of pots, 2s. per doz.. 10*. per 100. Ageratums, in variety, in pots, 2s. per doz., from stores, 5s. per 100. Iresine, Lindenii and Brilliantissima, in pots, 2s. tjd. per doz., 15s. per 100. Mesembryanthemum variegatum. in pots, 2s. 6rf. per doz., 16s. per 100. Tropieolum, Dr. Mules, crimson, rapid grower, 3s. per doz. ; T. nain pygmei, scarlet, dwarf bedding variety, 3?. per doz. Begonias, tuberous rooted, for bedding, our un- rivalled strain, dwarf erect habit, brilliant; large flowers, mixed, 4s., 6s., and 9s., per doz. Musk, *' Harrison's," 3s. per doz. Geraniums, Golden Tricolors, 4s. and 6s. per doz. Mentha pulegium gibraltaricum, 2s. per doz. Heliotropes, 3s. 6d. per doz. ; Salvias, 12 in 6 varieties, 3s. $d. Abutilons, 12 sorts, 4s. Qd. Fuchsias, 3s. per doz., 25 for 6s. Qd. Coleus, 4s. per doz. , 25 for 6s. 6d, Latanas, 3s. t*d. per doz. ciMiiUiiro f«^ In variety, 6s., 9s., and 12s. per doz. ! hh -men, and Florists. WILKES and SON. Ironmongers. Salisbury. If you wish to Effi-xtually Destroy GREEN-FLY, BLACK-FLY. and THRIPS, Fumigate with CAMPBELL'S FUMIGATING INSECTICIDE A Safe, Reliable Article, "C. F.I. "is pre- pared from in- and it is the one on which you can thoroughly depend. Tobacco- paper is uncertain in quality, often disappointing and unpleasant to use, whereas (Sy p^ " \5k gredientsof staii' ' \% dard fcri only strength and when thoroughly lighted, may be left to smoulder away, hence it is the safest to use. Prices :- For houses with ( 1000 cubic ft., No. 3 Roll, 1/- each }Post acaoacdyof \ 2000 , 4 ,, 1/9 „ i Free. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE. — The safest and most effective Liquid Insecticide for dipping or syringing. Prices, post free;— Pints, Is. lOd. ; quarts, 3s. 3d.; half gallons. 5s. 9d. CLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER -A truly valuable remedy, has saved thousands of bulbs. PRICES, post-free:— Half-pints. Is. 9rf.; pints, 2s. 9d. ; quarts. 4s. 9^-; half-gallons, 8s. Or from your Seedsman. CLIBRANTS Oldfleld Nurseries, ALTRINCHAM; 10 & 12 Market Street, Manchester; And Principality Nurseries, Llandudno Junction. EMBs "iKEAiP-EST & BBSm For DESTROYING WEEDS, MOSS, &c, On CARRIAGE DRIVES. GARDEN WALKS, ROADS, STABLE-YARDS, WALLS, STONEWORK. &c. Saves more than twice Its cost in Labour. Mr. W. G. HEAD. Crystal Palace, says :— " We are so satisfied with your composition and its price that we have used it abso- lutely. I have every confidence in recommending it." Prices :— In 1 and 2-gallon Tins, 2s. per gal. (Tins included) ; in 5-gallon Drums, Is. 6d. per gallon. 10, 15, and 20 gallons. Is. 4d. per gallon. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. QP Used in the provortion of one gallon to twenty-five gallons of water. Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE "ACME" CHEMICAL CO., Limtd., Tunbridge, Kent; and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire. the PERFECT WEED KILLER COMPLETELY DESTROYS VEGETATION on Garden Walks, Carriage Drives. Stonework, eto. WE GUARANTEE all Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark to be thoroughly efficient. Refuse Imitations. THE GARDENER'S MACAZINE says : " The Perfect Weed Killer i» at once simple, cheap, and effective. At the Koyal Gardens, Kew, the Royal Horti- cultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, and other public places, the Perfect Weed Killer it trusted for making » clean sweep of the road weed*." Peices— 1 Gallon, 2s.; 5 galls., Is. 6d. per galL; 10 galli., Is. , 40, used to be, but they are still much inferior to such as we can grow in our hothouses in England. I have frequently had examples of the Malta Blood and the St. Michael's Oranges so full of juice, that the skins have been rent by the internal pressure. We have grown specimens of the St. Michael's Orange 8k inches in circumference, and the heaviest fruit weighed just 9 ounces, and these were gathered from a tree in a 13-inch pot, which produced four dozen of well-ripened examples. Their culture is very simple, but they require what gardeners term " good growing." For instance, the black peaty soil in which Orange trees are sometimes planted would not produce such fruit ; there is no holding power in it — nothing to throw vigour into the trees. Good fibrous yellow loam, the top spit from an upland pasture, is by far the best material for them ; add to four parts of this, one of decayed stable manure, and to each barrow-load a heaped-up 8-inch potful of half-inch bones. I also add the same quantity of broken charcoal, which maintains the compost in an open porous state. The drainage should be good, and formed of clean broken potsherds placed care- fully, and over them some clean loam fibre, to keep the potting compound from mixing with the drain- age. I repot the trees about once in two years, and a good time to do it is when the fruit has been gathered, in the spring. Before repotting any of the trees, remove as much as may be convenient of the old spent soil with a pointed stick. 0?er- potting must be avoided, as this does not improve the vigour of the tree even. For instance, if a tree was well established in a 9-inch pot, I would replant it in one 11 inches in diameter, and it ought not to be planted appreciably deeper ; but the new potting material should be rammed in rather firmly. When the trees are repotted, they should be placed in a house where they will have a moist atmosphere and rather warm temperature. I do not give any water at the roots for two or three days after re- potting them. The leaves may be syringed with tepid water, but care must be taken that too much water is not supplied to the roots until they have run freely into the new potting material. Our own trees will now be repotted, and the above remarks may be useful to those who have trees which require the same process. We may now expect the blossoms to open, and this will happen before the fruits are gathered sometimes ; the atmosphere should be kept rather drier at this time to promote a free set, and air should be admitted rather more freely. A close moist atmosphere when the trees are flowering might cause the blossoms to drop before fertilization had taken place. Orange trees, when grown in a high temperature, are very liable to be attacked by pests, which cause the trees to become unhealthy. The mealy-bug attacks them sometimes, and this troublesome pest always does much damage to any tree or plant it thrives upon. Scale is even more frequently present both on the young and old wood, and it makes a sad mess of the leaves by encrusting them with a sticky substance. The best way to clean the trees is to wash the leaves and wood with a sponge and warm soft-soapy water. Of course, if a house can be entirely set apart to the culture of Oranges, it is very easy to grow the trees well, but failing this they will succeed in any house where a good tempe- rature is kept up, and the trees are placed in a light position. They ought not to be shaded at any time, but as evaporation must be excessive in hot dry summer weather, the trees should be syringed twice daily, and freely supplied with water at the roots. I believe the best Oranges to grow for dessert pur- poses in English gardens are the Tangerine, St. Michael's, the Malta Blood, the White Orange (which has not a white but a yellow skin), and a new one to me, which Mr. Rivers sent here last year, named Dulcissimi. Pine-apples and Oranges could be grown well together in the eame house if the Pine beds were placed in the middle, and the Orange trees arranged on stages at the back or front of the house. If the fruit is set in February or March, it will take a very long period to ripen. The Tangerine is the July 2, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. earliest to ripen, and the fruit of that variety would be ready to gather about the end of September, the others a month or six weeks later ; but it hangs well upon the trees, and retains its flavour for two months after it is ripe. Although good Oranges may be purchased at a much cheaper rate than they can be grown, still it is not well that the money value of things only should be thought of ; sentiment ought to have a place, and the trees laden with their delicate sweetly-perfumed blossoms is to many people worth all the expense and trouble bestowed upon them, but when we add to this the handsome well-flavoured fruit, enough has been said to recommend Orange trees for extensive culture. J. Douglas. PERMOYRE, BRECON. Having a few hours to spare on the occasion of a recent visit to Brecon, I went up to Permoyre, the residence of R. D. Cleasby, Esq., J. P., and was shown over the extensive gardens and grounds by the head gardener. In the vineries, the Vines in the early- house were ripening off their foliage, the fine bunches being quite ripe, and the large berries of splendid colour. The Muscat of Alexandria, too, carried numerous grand bunches. The late-house was promising a still heavier crop, and many of the bunches will, when ripe, turn the scale at 7 lb. Peaches, numbers which I was informed had been gathered this season, and were fine and large, some weighing more than 8 oz. In the plant-houses, too, the same skill that is exhibited in the forcing of fruits by Mr. Mathews is seen in the crowded stages of clean healthy, well-grown plants, which are chiefly for the decoration of the table and apartments. Most of the large plants had been done away with to make space for a larger number of these smaller plants. It is difficult to Bingle out any species of plant that is better grown than another, as all were good healthy plants, but perhaps Crotons, Dracaenas, Caladiums, and among the latter a splendid lot of C. argyritis ; Gloxinias, Palms, Begonias, and Car- nations, exhibited the greater degree of superiority. In the Rose-house, a building measuring 39 feet by 18 feet, the centre is occupied by a plant of Fortune's Yellow, which covers about one-half of the house, and from which nearly 3000 blooms have been cut this season. In the Palm-house a very fine plant of Bougainvillea glabra is covered with bloom, forming a pretty sight. A good collection of herbaceous plants is to be found in the borders and beds set apart for them. The kitchen garden shows skilful management, the walls being covered with healthy and well-grown fruit trees of various kinds ; the quarters well-cropped with vegetables, and every- thing in the best of order. J. W. DWARF BRITISH FERNS. There is certainly no class of plants better fitted for household pets than the many dwarf forms of British Ferns, which have been produced by sport- ing from the normally large species, and to these may of course be added several species which are naturally of diminutive statnre. The former class is, however, the more interesting and better adapted for home collections, since to it belong, as a rule, species which are of the easiest possible culture, whilst the naturally small species, being mostly rock or wall Ferns, demand generally special treatment, and are much more apt to perish by confinement or over-watering. Few people — in fact, none outside the coterie of British Fern specialists— know that a small table or stage facing a north window could accommodate a score or two of the dwarf, congested, crimped, and curly varieties of Ferns which we have in view, a space, in fact, in which a single full-grown normal specimen would be " cribbed, cabined, and confined." As a special example of this sort, we may instance the ordinary crested male Fern (Lastrea f. mas. cristata), which, if grown properly, will form a huge shuttlecock of beautifully tasseled fronds, fully 4 feet in height from the top of the trunk, which it forms in June, and which may be itself a couple of feet high ; the spread of the crown will be also 4 or 5 feet in diameter. At the other end of the scale, in pre- cisely the same species, we have the tiny L. f. m. ramulosissima, more like a very small Parsley plant than anything else ; the little fronds 4 or 5 inches long at the utmost, being divided and divided ad in- finitum. In this same species we have L. f. m. crispa, 5 or 6 inches high, L. f. m. crispa cristata, a tasseled form of it ; L. f. m. crispa cristata angustata, a very narrow form of the last. Then we have L. f. m. crispa gracilis, with slender leathery divisions, curved hook-like at the tips. These would all find ample room in 4-inch pots, and being evergreen, and, like all the rest, perfectly hardy, are as much winter ornaments as summer ones. A size larger, but still dwarf, is L. f.-m. fluctuosa, or crispatissima, dense, and beautifully crimped, 9 inches high. Among the Shield Ferns, P. angulare Lyellii is the dwarfest and prettiest, all the beautiful catting and detail of the Polystichum being crammed into a tiny plant of 4 or 5 inches high. P. a. congestum is larger, bnt very dense, and a crested form of this exists of the same dimensions — about 9 inches. P. a. parvissimum is very neat and pretty, but belies its name by reaching a foot in height. The Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-fcemina), has yielded several gems on like lines. A. f.-f. Edwardsii is the counterpart of P. a Lyellii in delicate condensation, and A. f.-f. stipatum, Granteoe apes, P. a. congestum, but is denser. Then we have A. f.-f. crispum, an old friend, with a creeping root, which forms dense little clumps of cresting G inches high; and A. f.-f. acrocladon, which, though it is much larger, is so compact as to require little room. The forms acrocladon, densum, and velutinum, are veritable balls of moss-like foli- age, more likegreen sponges than Ferns. The Blechnum Spicant section of varieties is mainly small-growing. B. S. crispissimum (Horslev), B. S. concinnum (Drnery), B. S. lineare (Barnes), and B. S. Maundersii, are all small by nature. The Hart's-tongue (Scolopendrinm vulgare) has yielded a number of forms fitted for culture in limited space. S. v. spirale, muricatum, glomeratum, Kelwayii, with]|its half-dozen synonyms, Baxterii, Coolingii, &c, and a host of new forms obtained by Mr. E. J. Lowe by crossing from a little crowd of Tom Thumbs in this species, which, from its known habit of adaptation to wall-growing, as well as free growth in the soil, is obviously fitted also for small specimens in pots. Among the small species all the Asplenia may be reckoned, and if their natural habitats be imitated by planting them in rocky chinks contrived with bits of porous stone and sandy leaf-mould, they will do as well in pots as out of them. The lightest position suits them best. Asplenium marinum benefits by brackish water. Asplenium viride is' the better for a glass over it, as it wants a damp atmosphere. The several varieties of Maidenhair, Adiantum Capillus-veneris take up scanty room as a rule. The Bladder Ferns (Cystopteris) are all dwarf, bnt are scarcely to be recommended for the purpose, nearly all having a nasty knack of turning brown as soon as the fronds mature under culture. The common Polypody (Polypodium vulgare) has yielded only one dwarf form, P. v. parvissimum, which is very chary of growth. The whole of the varieties are, however, of medium size under ordinary culture, and, being evergreen, are well worth growing. We have now indicated a very fair collection, and cannot too strongly recommend the culture of these pretty plants to our lady friends who may have windows facing north, where flowers can scarcely thrive, owing to lack of sunshine. In such a spot all the Ferns named would thrive apace, and amply repay the little care required in watering, which is their chief desideratum. The pots must be well drained, and should not stand in water. A very good plan is to invert a small saucer in a larger one, and stand the pot upon it ; a little water standing in the lower one will then do no harm, and sourness will not be induced. When once the plants are installed, they should be marked in some way, so that they be not turned this way and that as growth progresses They will grow towards the light, and not towards' the room, and any attempt to thwart this natural law by turning them round and round simplv results in twisted growth and ugly plants. The table should be on castors, and then, when it is desired to display the plants to one's friends, it can be roiled away from the window and inspected from the front. Light is health to Ferns, as to other plants, hence! give them as much diffused light as possible. Burn- ing sunshine, however, is dangerous. Air, too, is good, but draughts are bad, since the fronds get all the beauty and delicacy rubbed out of them. A general open compost of leaf-mould, turfy loam, and silver-sand, in the proportions of 2, 2, and 1, will suit all we have named ; but for ladies it is best to get a peck or so of compost from a nursery. Chas T Druery, F.L.S., F.li.H.S. Nursery Notes. * ORCHIDS AT ST. ALBANS. A change has come over the aspect of the noted Orchid nursery of Messrs. F. Sander & Co. at St. Albans, the well-known long houses running into the corridor in which the Mexican and Guate- mala Orchids are grown, and the offices in which the Ecichenbachia is printed, are now bounded at the other end by an immense intermediate-houBe. running parallel to the show-house for Orchids in flower, and from which branch off the houses for seedling Orchids and new plants. From these again, the rockeries planted with Ferns and Orchids, lead to the offices. fe Taking the first group, consisting of new Orchids in flower, we note that most novel Cattleya Amesia;, a beautiful species with pure white sepals and petals, the flowers being nearly 9 inches across. It was imported from a district lying between that in which C. Percivaliana and C. Mendeli are found. Next comes the true C. Victoria Reginte, which in all respects is an improvement on any known variety of Loelia elegans Turneri ; then we have the new Cattleya princeps, with magnificent flowers, the greenish sepals and petals almost entirely covered with a port-wine colour. Beside these, we find the original Cattleya hybrida, which was supposed to have been lost to the country ; a new and overpoweringly fragrant white Angroecum from beyond the Nyassa territory ; the beautiful Calanthe vestita Fournierii ; the distinct and beautiful Cypri- pedium Chamberlainianum ; the pure white Odonto- glossum Pescatorei Schrodene ; the pretty O. Schro- derianum ; the dwarf but exceedingly showy Oncidium Grave8ianum; the brilliant scarlet and yellow Renan- thera Storyii ; the lovely ivory-white Phalsenopsis Micholitzii ; the beautiful Miltonia Bleuiana splen- didiesima ; and that most richly- coloured of all hybrid Orchids, Lselio- Cattleya Arnoldiana. In the Cattleya-houses, with their pretty rockeries at each end, over which are suspended hundreds of the white forms of Lielia anceps, we found a fine display of the varieties of Cattleya Mossise and C. Mendeli, with an occasional plant of the white forms of each, viz., C. Mossise Wagneri and C. Mendeli Bluntii. Lalia purpurata, too, is much in evidence in these houses ; varieties which are here thought ordinary putting the named varieties of olden times much into the shade. In regard to the Lselias, Cattleyas, and other Brazilian Orchids, in the culture of which Mr. God- seff is a high authority, one feature should not fail to be noted, as it is of importance to cultivators generally, and that is the profusion of root growth which the plants, one and all, exhibit, and which, doubtless, sufficiently accounts for the goodness of the flowers. Mr._Godseff imputes this good state of things to his strict enforcement of the rule with regard to the most careful watering of the plants at all seasons, letting there be no lack of moisture while the plants are growing, and especial attention to their being kept tolerably dry for a certain period 10 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 2, 1892. after the growths are matured. The plants which are thus managed root more freely than those that are over-watered. In the large tank-house, with its rich display of coloured Water Lilies, are hundreds of the fine Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Schroderianum of every shade ; suspended over them, are the fine yellow Oncidium ampliatum majus ; also the new O. Gra- vesianum ; a new strain of 0. Lanceanum, which have generally white labellums like the figured 0. L. Louvrexianum ; the handsome Spathoglottis Erics- sonii ; the true yellow Phajus bicolor ; and the exceedingly rare orange-coloured Calanthe curculi- goides. The house containing many hundreds of Miltonia vexillaria in flower, necessarily has some distinct things among them, especially when it is con- sidered that this importation produced the unique M. v. Leopoldii, M. v. Sanderiana, M. Mrs. H. Ballantine, and others. One of them at present in bloom has snow-white flowers, with just a ray of rose colour on the petals, and the usual reddish lines on the lip. Another is rose coloured, the markings on the lip being very nearly scarlet. In this house are plants of the new Epidendrum Godseffianum, with its broadly - expanded white labellum, veined with rose, and well worthy to bear the name of the able manager of this fine establish- ment. In the next house we found several of the new hybrid Thunia Brymeriana, an exquisite flower, pure white, the labellum only bearing a delicate tracery of purple, and a slight tinge of yellow; also Odontogloasum Iceve, 0. hastilabium, Aerides Houlletianum, and various new botanical Orchids imported from a new district in Brazil. A hurried glance through the remainder of the fine display of Orchids in bloom revealed a choice lot of Odontoglossums, of which those planted- out are said to thrive the best ; a fine bank of Odonto- glossum citrosmum ; a grand importation ol Cypri- pedium Chamberlainianum and C. niveum ; a quaint and pretty lot of new Cycnoches and Catasetums ; Dendrobium cupreum with twenty spikes ; Cypri- pedium superbiens Demidoff var. with a dozen blooms, C. exul, C. Rothschildianum, and a number of new hybrid Cypripediums of great promise. Not the least of the attractions of this firm is a fine collection of new stove and greenhouse plants, which its collectors have for the last few years been forming. Among these the most striking at present is Dipladenia Clarkei, a variety with dark crimson flowers, with a fire-like glow in the tube ; a free-flowerer, and very different in that and other respects from the allied Dipladenia atropurpurea. With these also are a new spiny-leaved Erythrina, a magnificent form of Begonia corallina (Sander's var ), which covers the side of the house ; the beautiful silver and green Dracaena Sanderiana ; the lovely and free-flowering Balsam (Impatiens Sanderiana), ranging in colour from snow-white, with a crimson eye, to rosy-red ; and three houses of New Guinea plants, of which it is better not to say much until they mature, but which when established, will make a name for themselves. Messrs. Bark & Son, Long Ditton. When visiting these nurseries a week or so ago our attention was particularly attracted by the very bright and striking display of Messrs. Barrs' collec- tion of Chinese double Paeonies. Some of the earlier varieties were already past their best, and it was easy to note what special varieties would be most suitable for prolonging to the utmost the Paeany season. The first to which our attention was attracted is not a new one, and it is as cheap as any in the collection, but it is a fine flower never- theless. Its name is Madame Furtado ; very large rose or carmine- coloured bloom.^Jits centre florets are somewhat paler, almost salmon, and it has a very rose-like scent. Lord Salisbury is a tall grower with large dark crimson flowers, which are not quite so double as some others ; it is a very free bloomer. Couronne d'Or is a charming flower. It is white, with a little laced^crimson towarJs tl e centre, where the yellow anthers are veryjnoticeable and pretty ; it is large, and one of the latest of this section. Snowball is a pure white, and when opening has a faint yellow tinge in the centre ; it is perhaps the most desirable of all the many charming varieties of the white group. Solfaterre has outer petals of pure white, and the centre is a very pale yellow with the perfume of Roses, and possessing a magnificent appearance. Eugene X-20 FIG. 1.— TSUGA PATTONIANA: FOLIAGE AND MALE FLOWERS, LILAC. DETAILS ENLARGED. Verdier is one of the paler varieties, and may be described as blush-pink, the centre being almost white ; when opening it has much the appearance of a Rose in the form it assumes. Henry IV. is a Rose-scented variety; colour, rosy-pink, and very late. Madame de Vatey is an especially pretty flower, and when first opening its white centre has a charming effect with the large outer or guard petals, which are flesh-coloured. It possesses a very rich fragrance. A very different variety is that called Triomphe de Paris, which is semi-double only ; it is white, with a centre of primrose-yellow, in its early stages, and is rose-scented. The very deep crimson Louis Van Houtte, with perhaps a shade of purple, is a very distinct and fragrant flower. Many more deserving attention we were obliged to pass. The above varieties are very flowering and fragrant, and most of them are late. Among the general nursery stuff the Irises were practically over, but some large beds of I. Kajmp- ferii were just in bud, and are very strong and healthy. In the Herbaceous department was a bed consisting of hybrid forms of Lupinus arboreus, and several of the varieties had a very pretty effect. A good patch of Myosotis azorica, all quite true, was a pretty sight indeed ; and in another bed was a variety called M. a. Imperatrice Elizabeth, which only differed from the type in that it is a little taller. The large Senecio macrophyllus, some 4 feet high, had just expanded its blooms. This rather coarse-looking plant with its broccoli-like leaves, is only suitable for very large borders, but given a suitable position, it has a very fair effect. In a bed of seedling Gaillardia maxima, were some very fine varieties, and we were informed that Mr. Barr is going to work up a collection of these pretty and showy flowers. The striking flowers of Papaver bracteatum were to be seen, and also those of a pretty pink variety called " Pink Beauty." P. pilosum, an orange coloured variety, also very beautiful, is an exceed- ingly floriferous plant. Among the Potentillas was the exceedingly bright scarlet Wm. Rollinson, and also a pretty yellow variety called Vase d'Or. Silene maritima, fl.-pl., is a good dwarf growing plant for the rockery, bearing rather large white flowers. A largenumberof Larkspurs in variety, and some beds of Violas were very gay, but the Violas are just being sub- jected to the cuttingthat necessarily precedes propaga- tion. Meconopis nepaler sis (Himalayan Poppy) had its yellow blossoms fully expanded, and was doing fairly well in a damp, somewhat shady position. M. Wal- lichii, the blue one, was not so forward, but the stems were much stouter and higher. The beautiful Onosma stellulata taurica, which is rarely seen doing well, was covered with its pretty yellow blossoms ; and close by was a bed of Lychnis vespertina alba plena — the Carnation-like blooms of this plant are exceedingly useful. The hardy Pitcher-plant, Sar- racenia purpurea, has lately been planted on the side of a stream which has been dammed, where Mr. Barr intends to plant many bog-loving plants. It is too early to say that it will thrive in itB new posi- tion, but appearances give every indication favourable to such a result. TSUGA PATTONIANA. We are indebted to Mr. Croucher, of the Gardens at Ochtertyre, for the opportunity of figuring the male flowers of Tsuga Pattoniana. So far as we know, these have not been previously figured, but their beautv, apart from botanical interest, seem to render it desirable to do so. As to the first point, Mr. Croucher writes in warm terms of appreciation, the bush being covered at the time he wrote, with a sheet of lilac catkins. Their general appearance is well shown in Mr. Smith's drawing (fig. 1). Each is from 10 to 12 millimetres long, supported on a slender stalk of about the same or slightly greater length, and which is surrounded at the base by a bud- like mass of overlapping brown perulic. The anthers are club-shaped, 2-lobed, splitting length- wise, of a violet colour, and provided at the back with a very short point. The pollen-grains are large and globular, with a central band, but not winged as in Pinus. This latter point raises a doubt as to whether the plant we are now dealing with is the true Pattoniana or not, for Engelmann expressly states, Bot. California, if, 121, that the pollen grains are bilobed, and resemble those of true Pines. The leaves of Mr. Croucher's specimen, however, agree perfectly with those of a native specimen sent us July 2, is92 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 11 from the foot of the " Three Sisters," Oregon, by Mr. Collier. Moreover, the leaves are stomatose on both sides, whilst in other Tsugse the stomata are on the lower surface only. In form, the leaves are as Engelmann describes, acutish ; some are, as he says, convex and keeled above, but others on the same twigs are furrowed in the centre. The tree which has also been confused with Abies Hookeriana and A. Williamsoni occurs on mountain tops, and is limited, says Lemmon, to the upper points of forests that creep up along glacier-beds and volcanic ravines, close to the perpetual ice in the cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains. In British Columbia it grows at an elevation of 8000 feet ; further south it attains 10,000 feet. "In many of these regions," says Mr. Lemmon, " the lower part of the belt mingles with other trees, such as Red Silver Fir, Mountain Pine, or Aspen Poplar, and here the trees often attain a large size — 6 to 12 feet in diameter at base, tapering to a slender shaft, 80 to 150 feet high ; but in strictly alpine situations the trees are reduced to low conical masses of foliage, or prostrate creeping shrubs. "In favourable situations the lower limbs are retained, and become long, out-reaching, and spread- ing over the mountain slope for many feet ; the upper limbs are irregularly disposed, not whorled ; they strike downward from the start (so that it is almost impossible to climb one of the trees for the want of foothold !), then curving outward to the out- line of the tree; they are terminated by short hairy branchlets that decline gracefully, and are decorated with pendent cones, which are glaucous purple until maturity, then leather brown, with re8exed scales. The main stem sends out strong ascending shoots, the leading one terminating so slenderly as to bend from side to side with its many purple pendents before the wind, and shimmering in the sunlight with rare beauty." From the other Hemlock Firs, T. Pattoniana may readily be distinguished by the scattered or some- what tufted, erect leaves, as contrasted with the two ranked (apparently) horizontally spreading leaves of the other species. The form of the leaf we find to be variable, but the presence of the stomata on all sides is a distinguishing feature. On account of the peculiarities just mentioned, as well as others visible in the ripe cone, the plant has been placed in a separate section of Tsuga ; whilst Lemmon goes further, and raises the plant to generic rank under the name of Hesperopenke (Lemmon, Third Bien- nial Report of the California State Board of Forestry, 1890, p. 128,' tab. 9). What is generally grown in gardens as T. Hooker- iana seems to be only a form of Mertensiana, and the same may be said of T. Williamsoni. Tsoga Mertensiana has often been alluded to and figured in our columns under this name, and also nnder that of T. Albertiana. It is bo universally admired that it needs no description, and we should not have alluded to it at present, but for the oppor- tunity Mr. Croucher has afforded us of figuring the male catkins, which are only 6 to 7 millimetres long. The anthers are lilac, and the pollen-gains, as drawn for us by Mr. W. G. Smith, are just like those of T. Pattoniana, but rather smaller in dimensions (see fig. 2). M. T. M. Plant Notes. • CLERODENDRON BALFOURIANUM. I noticed a grand plant of this showy and very free-giowing and flowering climber in the Azalea- house at Crichel a short time ago. It is trained underneath the apex, there being three massive rows of flowering shoots, extending just upon 40 feet long each. It was very telling in effect. H. W, W. CaLOCHORTUS AltttENUS. Among rare bulbs in flower here just now, none are prettier than a Calochortus which I imported last year under the above name, and which, if I am not mistaken, is now blooming here for the first time in Europe. It belongs to the Cyclobothra section, of which the C. alba and the pretty golden C. pulchella are familiar examples. In habit, this novelty is exactly intermediate between these two, but it is very much more free-blooming than either. The colour of the curiously-formed, nodding bells is a very deep rosy-pink, of a particularly pleasing shade. Judging from its vigorous growth, it appears to have a very hardy character, and promises to become a QD^ Fig. 2.— TSUGA MERTENSIANA : FOLIAGE and male flowers. very good garden plant. C. G. Van Tubergen, Haar- lem. [A pretty border or pot-plant, of a shade of colour extremely rare in garden flowers. Our cor- respondent calls it " deep rosy-pink," but it would be better described as rosy-purple. Ed ] Orchid Notes and Gleanings. • — ODONTOGLOSSUM (HYBRIDUM) LEROYANUM. A cross out of O. crispum by the pollen of O. luteo-purpureum. The flowers are 31 inches across, petals broader than the sepals, pale straw-coloured, with three transverse bars of chocolate-red. It was raised by M. Leroy, head gardener to Baron Edmund de Rothschild, Arnicunoillers, Paris. It was the first artificially-raised hybrid Odontoglossum, and is of interest as showing the correctness of the sup- position that 0. Wilckeanum is a natural hybrid between the species named, so that 0. Leroyanum may be considered, according to Mr. Rolfe, as a form of O. Wilckeanum. Three years elapsed between the sowing of the seed and the production of the flower-spike. For the first eighteen months the plants resembled Zygopetalum rather than Odonto- glossum. Reichenbachia, t. 37. Ctpripedium Ashburton.'e var. Laucheanum. A hybrid raised at St. Albans by Mr. Maynard from C. barbatum var. Warneri, crossed with C. insigne var. amccnum. It is chiefly characterised by the coppery tint of the flower. Reichenbachia, t. 38, n. 1. Ctpripedium (htb.) Etermannianum. A hybrid from C barbatum, crossed with C Spicerianum ; described by Mr. Rolte in our columns, December 27, 1890, p. 747. Reichenbachia, t. 38, f. 2. Cycnoches chlorocheilon. A good representation of an interesting species, taken from a plant in the collection of the Dowager Lady Howard de Walden. The plate is accompanied by an interesting note by Mr. Rolfe on the highly curious sexual variations of this and allied species. Reichenbachia, t. 39. Cattleya Loddigesii O'Brieniana. Flowers pale rosy-lilac, side-lobes of the lip shorter and smaller than in the typical Loddigesii, from which Mr. Rolfe distinguishes it as a variety. See Gardeners' Chronicle, 1889, part 2, p. 700 ; 1890, part 2, p. 702. A TRAVELLER'S NOTES. (Continued from vol. xi., p. 753 ) Saharunpdr, December 16.— At Saharunpur there is little to see but the government gardens. Mr. Gallon, who has been in Saharunpur thirteen years, came there direct from the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens. The garden, some 200 acres in extent, is maintained for the trials of new economic plants and for the distribution of vegetable and other seeds, and the like. Although it receives 20,000 rupees annual subsidy, it is almost able to pay its way, as it returns 16,000 rupees. It is scarcely kept up for the people's pleasure, Saharunpur not being an important place, and there being but few English at the station. There are no beds in the garden, the entire space being laid out with winding roads, isolated trees and a few clumps, whilst here and there is a small pond. There are two or three fine avenues of Casuarinas — chiefly C. muricata, some 60 feet high, a good sized house covered with grass and a museum of no especial interest. There is but little shrubbery— except round the boundaries in places— most of the place being under grass. Sixty acres are set aside for saving seeds and making experiments with new Cottons, Sugar- canes, and such like. Close by a grass-covered house is a Bougain- villea glabra, 35 to 40 feet high, climbing over a tree in wildest profusion— it is the largest mass I have yet seen. Two species of Calamus, C. Royleana and C. Roxburghii are represented ; the former is a pretty climber, usually found at the foot of the Himalayas, where it forms a jungle so thick that no elephant or anything else can go through it. Though its canes are not so useful for chairs and other economic purposes as the latter, I yet think it is the prettier of the two. Besides the avenue of Casuarinas— a truly fine sight, as already stated— there is a very neat one between a small glasshouse and the museum, of Cupressus sempervirens, each tree being from 25 to 30 feet high. There is a row on each side of a narrow path ; it is like passing between tall pillars. An arbour leading to it is quite covered with Ficus pumila, producing, Mr. Gallon tells me, very large fruit. Besides the large Bougainvillea glabra, this garden contains the largest mass of Thunbergia laurifolia (now out of flower) I have yet seen. This hangs 12 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 2, 1892. like one solid curtain for at least 40 feet from a tall specimen of Schleichera trijaga, and it is nearly as broad as it is high, and so thick that literally not a leaf or twig of the tree supporting it can be seen. It forms a most striking picture. A pretty tree not far from this spot is Dillenia indica, with foliage much resembling though twice the size of that of our Castanea vesca. Mr. Gallon tells mn.its flower is like Magnolia grandiflora, only bigger. The fruit is used for curries by the Bengalese. One large Mahogany, Swietenia Mahogoni, is in the garden, and a tree I have mentioned as being at Baroda, Kigelia pinnata, is represented by a good specimen. Many of its last season's flower racemes are 8 to 9 feet long, and one, in particular, has reached the astonishing length of 15 feet. A plate in the museum gave me an idea of what a splendid thing this must be. The flowers are purple, in shape not unlike those of Rhododendron arboreum, 4 inches in diameter (according to the plate), and they are fairly closely set on the racemes, which possess the faculty of sending out another raceme half way down ; this second one often reaches the ground. A raceme, however, does not often send out another for more than one or two seasons at the most. The brown seed pods of Lagerstrcemia regina attracted my attention. I am told its large purple flowers are very fine during the rains. Bauhinia varie- gata, with pink aud white flowers, very common in the jungle, is well represented in the garden. There is also a large Fig-tree here, a fine specimen with numerous aerial roots, which I first took to be a Banyan ; but on closer examination, I found its foliage was much smaller. It was a specimen of Ficus retusa. Mr. Gallon considers he has the largest Araucaria Cunninghami in India; it is certainly a splendid specimen, some 70 feet high, regular and even. Not far from it is one of the chief ponds, with a fine variegated Agave americana on the bank, and a large mass of Papyrus antiquorum in the centre. This is so thick that one can well understand a clump of this species having hidden the infant Moses, but withal, it is most graceful; it is at the foot of a tall Phcenix sylvestris. Several Phoenix are about the grounds. Mr. Gallon thinks the Arabs must have brought these Palms over, as all seem large trees, and there are no young ones about. A very curious sight is one of these Phojnix, some 50 feet high, the lower portion of the stem of which is completely encircled by a Ficus religiosa. The Ficus is, of course, much younger than the Phcenix, and having been planted near it has grown round it. It is most curious to see the black stem of the Phoenix rising apparently out of the whitish stem of the Ficus at some 10 feet above the ground. A pretty creeper in flower is a white Coni- bretum — C. decandrum. It was growing over a mop-headed tree, Phyllanthus indica, some .30 feet high. As the creeper is only five years old, it must have grown with great rapidity. On a knoll, not far from another pond, is a pretty little group of Conifers, chiefly consisting of Cupres- 8U8 funebris, C. sempervirens, and Pinus longifolia, with its long, pendulous needles ; it is a native of the Himalaya. Mr. Gallon has several times tried Pinus Gerardiana, but it usually damps off in the rains, doubtless on account of its coming from a higher elevation. The individual specimens in this clump are not large, but the effect is pretty, clothing the sides of a somewhat rising piece of ground as they do, with the pond beyond. The finest foliage-tree in the garden is the Teak — Tectona grandis. It is a noble tree, either singly or in avenues, the individual leaf being of a dark, dull green, and often 1 foot in diameter. Palms are not numerous, or particularly good, as it is, of course, too far north for them, several degrees of frost being frequent. There is, however, one grand clump of Livistona Martiana (Latania borbonica). A large Bauhinia Vahlii, one of the most destructive plants known in the forests, with a main stem 2 feet in diameter, winds and curls in, around, and over a fine piece of Ficus cordifolia. The leaves of the Bauhinia are often 1 foot broad, whilst the pale yellow flowers are but small. Near the end of the garden, and close to the Casuarina avenue, is a plantation of considerable size of the Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) ; some of the trees are large and bushy, and in splendid con- dition. Here it fruits in spring, whilst on the hills and, I am told, in Japan, it fruits in the autumn. The sale of its fruit pays well. Vegetation is, of course, very different here to what it is at Bombay or Baroda; many trees are absent that flourish further south. Millingtonia (so often referred to in my former letters), though it grows, never flowers, I am told, as it does further south — a few solitary bunches on the top. is all it can produce. It has also the disadvantage of being shallow-rooting, and the storms play great havoc with it. A pretty shrub I had not seen before is Holmskioldia coccinea ; it flowers most freely, the chief beauty lying in a great red calyx, the corolla being almost imperceptible. Its long sub-pendulous shoots are covered with bloom. English Pears are not much good here, but Mr. Gallon showed me a nice young plantation of a Chinese variety, which he says is very good for cooking. He has also some forty varieties (not very dissimilar, I fancy) of Chinese Peaches; he says they are good, not cling-stones, and more juicy than ours, which he is not able to do much with. It is a curious thing that Artocarpus integrifoliuB (the Jack-fruit), common in Ceylon, will grow at Saharanpur fairly well, whilst the Bread fruit is an entire failure. A very pretty grass, which should be hardy with us, is Eulalia nepalensis. It is dwarf, but its plumes droop gracefully. Where it is wild on the hills it grows higher than E. japonica, and is very plentiful. Cycas circinalis and C. revoluta grow well. I noticed one large-branched specimen of the former. The method of reproduction followed is to make slits a few inches long in the bark of the main stem, and in about twelve months the young plants appear, which can be detached. C. circinalis is found to be freer in this respect than C. revoluta. Roses are very good, quite equal to those in England. They strike freely from cuttings, though they are also budded on. a Rose, now found in the jungle in quantity, though evidently in- troduced at some time or other. Frosts are common at this time of the year, 4° and 5° being usual, whilst in the hot season 90° in the shade, and occasionally 95°, is the ordinary temperature. It is surprising that some things planted in the garden withstand such extremes. Panax, Crotons, Dieffen- bachias, Aralias, aud such like have all to be housed under glass in the cold season — and it is hopeless to plant them out permanently. Mr. Gallon has three distinct varieties of Bougain- villea, B. glabra, and two of speciosa, one of which he calls spectabilis. Of B. glabra one is called the old variety, and has pale pink flowers appearing all the year round — one much brighter, blooming only in the cold weather, and one — the one I have seen so much of, and which seems to grow everywhere, with large dark flowers bloom- ing more or less all the year round — all three have the smooth characteristic foliage of our B. glabra in England. The true B. speciosa, with the dark flowers and hairy foliage, generally flowers in March — whilst the one Mr. Gallon calls B. spectabilis, flowers from September to May, being at its best in February, The vegetable gardens, some 60 acres in extent, at one end of the grounds, interested me much. They are chiefly kept for seed purposes, to supply soldiers and others. Nearly all kinds do well, and wonderful tales are told of Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower, it is said to be very fine, and if models speak truly, it must indeed be so ; a model in the museum (which Mr. G. assures me is not exaggerated), being nearly '2k feet in diameter — this refers to the head alone. Acclimatised seed is usually very good, though rigid selection is necessary. Mr. Gallon finds that Onions, Leeks, and Parsnips seldom germinate from home- grown seed. The difficulty, no doubt, lies, to a certain extent, in its being necessary to sow in October, and consequently it is impossible to get quite fresh seed from Europe. All kinds of annuals do well. Amongst such, the common Dandelion is cultivated as an annual on a somewhat large scale for medicinal purposes, being used chiefly in liver complaint. A house covered with grass, tied pretty thickly on wire netting, the supports being of iron, is near the museum. The grass used is Pollinia eriopoda, and it withstands the heavy rains and scorching sun for about two years. From the roof hang some good specimens of Atirides in Bamboo baskets, these being found superior to pots or any other contrivance. Some of the Aerides odoratum and multiflorum, as well as a few pieces of Dendrobium moschatum, were very large, and in fine condition. This house has a low circular dome, from which four paths radiate at right angles. It is not filled with anything of any great interest, chiefly containing Dieffenbachias, a few Palms, a Philodendron or two, and in the centre, under the dome, a good-sized Livistona Martiana (Latania borbonica). The prettiest sight in the house is cer- tainly Oxalis rosea, grown in pots, numerous flowers, brightly-coloured, appearing above the low dwarf trifoliate leaves ; rows of these line each side of the paths. Oxalis asinina, pale sulphur in colour, with leaves bearing a strange resemblance to a pair of asses' ears, is another pretty species. The museum is chiefly filled with native-made models — some very good — of flowers and vegetables, whilst coloured plates and photographs abound. It is the home of Mr. Dutbie, the chief of the botanical service of the Northern Department of India. James H. Veitch. {To be continued.) The Week's Work. * PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By R. Milner, Gardener, Penrice Castle, Swansea. CAMELLIAS.— The old double white C. fimbriata alba, is still one of the best for early flowering, and with sufficient number of this variety and a few of C. candidissima for late flowering, Camellias may be had in bloom till the end of the month of May. The present is a good time to prepare the different specimens. For instance, those plants which have set their buds the longest time, and are consequently more or less developed, may be removed to a cooler house or placed out-of-doors, the other plants being kept indoors till the buds are well formed, when they also may be placed in a cold house or in the open. No doubt the temperatures the plants are subjected to during late winter and spring has a great deal to do with the time at which they will flower, but by careful observation of the time it takes for the flower-buds to arrive to a certain size, and then to the time that the flowers begin to expand, a glut of flowers at one time and scarcity at another may be in great part avoided. Camellias in beds and borders often make strong growths, which set their flowers badly ; and to avert this mishap, it is advisable to withhold the water at the roots to a certain extent, that is, partially drying the soil, which will be a means of checking growth, and inducing the buds to set. In these cases, care must be taken that sufficient water is afforded later, to thoroughly moisten the soil when the season of growth is past. PLUMBAGO ROSEA.— Old plants of the above may have their final shift into 10 or 11-inch pots. Young spring-struck cuttings that are growing in 48'8 may have their final shift into 32's, affording them a compost of fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and a small portion of decayed manure and sharp sand. The plants should be stopped three or four joints down each shoot, when they will break more regu- larly than if the points only are pinched out. Plum- bagos require plenty of light from the time they are struck till they come into bloom. CHINESE PRIMULAS.— Plants which have been raised from seed early sown in spring will be ready for shifting into small pots. The compost employed may consist of two parts rich loam, one part each of rotted dung and leaf-soil, with clean sharp sand in sufficient quantity to make the soil porous ; place the plants in a cold frame, and well up to the glass, keeping them rather close till they are established, and affording them shade during the brightest part of the day. ZONAL PELARGONIUMS.— Plants which have flowered since the early spring should now be well cut back and placed in a cold frame, keeping them rather dry at the roots till they break, and when the new shoots are about 2 inches in length, the plants should be partially shaken out of the soil, and re- potted in pots of the same size as those they pre- viously occupied. If not already done, put in another lot of cuttings of the double- flowered varieties, placing them singly in small pots in a mixture of sifted loam and sand. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. By H. Markham, Gardener, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone. FRUIT TREE BORDERS should be thoroughly examined, notwithstanding the recent heavy rains, and if dry, water should be afforded abundantly. In the open quarters the rain may have penetrated the soil to a good depth, but borders in front of walls rarely ever get enough by this means during the summer months. Watering fruit-tree borders in rainy weather may seem to some persons waste of labour ; but after a spell of dry weather the subsoil is often much drier than is good for the trees, and both manure water and clear water may be safely made use of. If a mulch over the tree roots has been delayed, it may be put on after the watering. July 2, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 13 GOOSEBERRIES. — Gather the fruits whilst still green, and when perfectly dry, for bottling, jellies, &c. Bushes whose berries are intended for dessert pur- poses, should be netted in good time, and properly Btrawed down, to save the fruits from splashing by rain. MORELLO CHERRIES.— The young shoots should be laid in a similar manner to those of the Peach, i.e., laying in as many for next year's fruiting as space can be found for without crowding. Morellos fruit freely on spurs as well as one-year old shoots, and for that reason all those which must be removed should hare four or five buds left at the base, the shoots to be again shortened at a later part of the season. Black aphis if troublesome may be de- stroyed, and the trees cleaned by syringing them with soap suds, diluted tobacco juice, or water in which Quassia chips have been steeped for some few days, after which clean water should be used several times to thoroughly remove all traces of the insecticide. RASPBERRIES. — Remove all root suckers that are not required, leaving from five to seven of the strongest for fruiting next year, and encourage new plantations by mulching and watering. The canes of autumn fruiters must be freely thinned, and mulched with light manure, but on heavy soils it is better not to apply manure over the roots. Summer- fruiting varieties should be heavily mulched on light soils with rich manure. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By J. Riddell, Gardener, Castle Howard, York. CUCUMBERS. — Plants exhausted by long bearing should be cleared out, and replaced with fresh soil and young plants. Cucumber plants grow quickly at this season, and the fruits become usable at a time when there is generally a good demand for them. Attend to stopping the lateral shoots of bearing plants, and liberally top-dress the beds and hills with a rich compost; also make free use of liquid manure. VINES whose fruit show signs of beginning to colour should have all the desirable stopping of the shoots performed so as to render it afterwards un- necessary so long as the bunches hang on the Vines, for, no matter how carefully this kind of work may be performed, bloom is sure to get rubbed off some of the bunches of Grapes. Red-spider — that worst of evils in Vine culture — should be got well under hand at this stage, and if its appearance be feared, the leaves should be dusted over with flowers- of-sulphur. Admit air freely to this vinery at all such times as the weather is dry ; and guard against sudden changes of the temperature. The berries of Madresfield Court and West's St. Peter, are liable to crack, the latter less than the former, and much vigilance must be exercised in maintain- ing a perfectly dry atmosphere about these varieties whilst the fruit is ripening; for the mishaps of some gardeners with these are due to their growing them in vineries more or less moist, clearly points to the cause, and although it is desirable that the atmosphere of the vinery should be dry, yet the border should be abundantly supplied with water, and when the border is wholly or in part inside the house, a bright sunny day should be chosen on which to water it, and then, with all the ventilators standing wide open and a brisk heat maintained in the hot-water pipes for the rest of the day, much of the moisture arising from the border will be carried off before nightfall, and there will be a very small chance of any of the berries bursting. As a precaution, the water-tanks in vineries containing varieties likely to crack, should be drained of the water con- tained in them, or covered with a close-fitting lid. In damp or rainy weather the external air should be excluded as far as possible, and artificial heat made use of. Manures containing phosphates are aids to growth in the Vine at all seasons, but they are of greatest use when the berries are swelling finally. At this stage, and onwards till the leaves fall, Vine borders should be freely dusted over with some of the several kinds of phosphatic manures before affording water. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By H. A. Burberry, Orchid Grower. Highbury. Birmingham. THE COOL AND INTERMEDIATE ORCHIDS.— In the division in which the above Orchids are grown, a close atmosphere ought to be avoided, the old method of closing early in the afternoon with sun heat being now, generally speaking, discarded where these species of Orchids are well-grown. It should be remembered that these plants mostly grow at a great elevation, where the atmosphere, although heavily charged with moisture, is breezy and buoyant, conditions which the grower should endeavour to imitate. As to the temperature at which the air in these two structures at the present season may be maintained, the differences need be but trifling, and it is not advisable to try to lay down rules in this respect that would meet all cases, for the temperature will vary according to that prevailing out-of-doors at the season. What we have to aim at is, to keep the cool-house as cool as possible, and should the weather be very hot, the intermediate- house also. I believe cool Orchids are sometimes injured by great heat, and by excessive cold, and that the difference between the winter and summer temperatures in their native country is not so great as some persons suppose. Masdevallias seem to like an even temperature the year round, as do some of the Epidendrums, viz., E. Frederici Guilielmi and E. rhizophorum, which will grow well in the inter- mediate-house during the winter, and in the cool- house in the summer, and many others could be named that flourish under similar treatment, as Anguloa, Lycaste, and Cymbidium. Generally speak- ing, the cool-house should, at the present time of the year, register from 55° to 60c by night, and from 60° to 65° by day, and the inter- mediate-house 60° by night, and 70° by day; of course, in warm weather, both houses are warmer than this, but with shading, ventilation, and damping down, they may be made to feel cool and refreshing on entering them from the outside ; the top and bottom ventilators should be open more or less night and day, according to the state of the weather. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. By Q. Wythes. Gardener, Syon House, Brentford. GENERAL OPERATIONS.— With the genial rains that have prevailed over most parts of the country, work in the kitchen garden will be carried out more readily than has been the case in the previous weeks, and the ground will be, if in a clean condition, fit to receive the winter crops. Crops of Cabbage and Cauliflowers past their best should be removed to make space for Spinach, Turnips, Kohl Rabi, Cele- riac, Horn Carrots, &c. If the land in which the Winter Spinach will be sown is in need of special preparation, or is infested by the grub, or with wire- worm, the present is a good time to set about its preparation. It may receive plenty of soot and wood-ashes in place of the usual animal manures, and if the land is full of wire-worm, a dressing of finely broken gas-lime left on the surface for a few days before digging in will do good. During the interval before sowing the land, frequently fork it over lightly, or harrow it so as to expose it to the birds to search over for grubs, &c. BROCCOLI may be planted out as fast as land is cleared of other vegetables. ASPARAGUS. — The cutting from the beds should now cease, and the beds should have a good dressing of fish-manure or common salt and liquid- manure applied. The salt had better be strewn on the beds in rainy weather, and means taken to prevent the young growing shoots from damage by wind. TURNIPS. — If these roots are required in large quantities, a good breadth should be sown early in the present month, andagaintowardstheend.thelater sowings keeping sometimes better than the first one. In growing Turnips for winter use, much depends on the condition of the soil and the nature of the climate. The land should be rich, and deeply-dug for some recent crop — not necessarily for the Turnip crop, and it should be forked over slightly, and the seed sown in drills before the surface gets dry. If sifted wood-ashes, burnt earth, fine leaf-mould, or even potting-bench sittings, be strewn along the drills before closing them, quick germination and rapid growth will follow, soon taking the plants through that stage when the Turnip-fly is so very apt to attack them. For early sowing there is no better variety than Veitch's Red Globe, it being solid in the flesh, and a good keeper. For the later sowing, Golden Ball or Petrowski are excellent, both being of good quality, and keeping longer than any white-fleshed variety. COLEWORTS. — An abundant sowing should be made at this date, which will be found useful in the autumn and early winter in furnishing Greens, and as the plants can be planted at 1 j feet apart, a great number occupy but a small space. The seed should be sown broadcast, and thinly. The Rosette Cole- wort may be sown now for early cutting, and at a later date the Hardy Green, for spring use. FRENCH BEANS — A sowing may now be made where the plants can be protected by means of frames. A west border is a good place for them. For late use, Ne Plus Ultra is a good variety, and the seed requires plenty of moisture in the soil to cause it to germinate freely. RUNNER BEANS suffer in hot weather from lack of moisture in the soil, the top-growth throwing off the rain, no matter how heavy it may be, and whenever practicable a good soaking of the soil with water or liquid-manure should be afforded the rows. Late-sown plants should be topped at 6 feet from the ground. PEAS. — A sowing may be made in trenches as for Celery if the soil be light; in heavy soils the trench need be quite shallow, but an open position should always be selected for this crop, and G or 8 feet space left between the rows. Veitch's Success last year was our last crop pea, and it was found to be excellent. Sturdy is another fine late pea, and useful in places where space is a con- sideration, it being dwarf. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By H. W. WARD, Gardener, Longford Castle, Salisbury. HERBACEOUS BORDERS— Pyrethrum, Pajony, Aquilegia, Hemerocallis, Delphinium, Betonica grandiflora, Lychnis violacea rubra, Tradescantia, Veronica, and other species, are now coming fully into flower. The tufts of Aubrietia Hendersoni and A. Leichtlini are very effective in our garden, and make a pleasing contrast to the pale blue flowers of Myosotis alpestris close by. The only attention required in this department during the next few weeks will be to keep the beds and borders clean, and the latter plants tied up neatly, but not formally, as occasion arises, and to remove decayed flowers and leaves at short intervals of time. ROSES. — Beds and borders set apart for Roses should be heavily mulched, and repeatedly and copiously watered in the absence of heavy rains. These waterings, together with syringing the foliage and the renewal of the mulching when exhausted, will maintain the plants in vigorous growth, and be productive of large blooms. The spent blooms should be removed from the plants several times a week during the next month. BRIAR STOCKS FOR BUDDING. — The shoots On the lower parts of the stem and some of those at the top should be removed, two or three of the strongest being sufficient to leave. Mulch the ground, if light, between the rows with half-rotted dung or tree-leaves, following this with a heavy watering, which will insure the bark running readily when budding has to be done about three weeks hence. TRIMMING SHRUBS— Hedges should now be trimmed, Yew and Box being clipped, and Holly, Sweet Bay, Portugal Laurel, Retinosporas, Laurel, Thuia, and Juniper should be kept in shape with the knife, simply shortening long shoots a little below the face of the hedge, so that the wounds will not show. Thus trimmed, there are no mutilated leaves or glaring wounds to mar the good effect of the hedge. WATERING TREES AND SHRUBS— Trees and shrubs which were transplanted late in the spring should be afforded a good watering at the roots once or twice a week, dry weather prevailing, especially those growing in light soil and a dry situation, otherwise growth witl be poor. RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, ETC. — Where these shrubs are growing in numbers, or singly in prepared soil turfed over, the grass between the plants should be cut at least once a fortnight, care being taken not to injure the plants in so doing. GENERAL WORK. — Continue to pick off all the flowers that show on any of the bedding plants for another week, with the object of inducing the latter to make free growth ; and with this object in view, stir the soil between the plants with a Dutch hoe, which operation, in addition to stimulating growth in the plants, will destroy weeds. Spread out and peg down the shoots of trailing plants, also those of straggling habit, viz , Verbenas, Petu- nias, Heliotropes, and Calceolaria amplexicaulis, to save them from injury by wind, as well as to get them to cover the soil in as short a time as possible. Put stakes to Dahlias and Hollyhocks, and do not tie them tightly, but allow space for growth. Hollyhock stems should be reduced to two in the case of strong established plants, and weaker plants to one. Mowing, cutting the edges of turf, brushing, weeding, and rolling the walks are the order of the day, and grass-mowing having pro- bably got in arrears owing to the pressure involved in bedding-out, may now be got well in hand again. 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 2, 1692. EDITORIAL NOTICES. • Letters fob Publication.— All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor, 41, Welling- ton Street, Covent Garden, London. Communica- tions should be written on one side only of the paper, sent as early in the week as possible, and duly signed by the writer. If desired, the siqnature will not be printed, but kept as a guarantee of good faith. Advertisements should not be sent to the Editor, but to the Publisher. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SATURDAY, SATURDAY, TUESDAY, JULT 5-1 WEDNESDAY, July 6 THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, TUESDAY. FRIDAY, MEETING. July 9— Royal Botanic Society. SHOWS. Tttt _ Q S National Rose Society's Show, July t -j Cry9tai palace. t Great Rose Show at Earl's Court ; < Rose Shows at Gloucester, Sutton, and Bagshot. Croydon Horticultural and Rose, Hitchen Rose. Enfield Horti- cultural, Royal Botanic Society, at Regent's Park, EveniDg Fete, 8 to 12; and Rose Show at Earl's \ Court. JBath Rose and Begonia Show. Woodbridge Horticultural and National Rose. -\ Lee Horticultural. | Norwich Horticultural. (. Windsor and District Rose Show. July 8— Lee Horticultural. July 9— Reigate Rose Show. SALE8. Tttti- *> ' Established and Imported Orchids, 1 °f at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. -...-„ 0 I Great. Sale of Orchids, at Protheroe JULY 8^ & Morr|8, jj,,,,,,,,. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 63°.l. We know that many vegetable The Acids of j t • , j f j Fruits. and *rult Prod"cts are esteemed rather for their pleasant or re- freshing taste, and for their anti-scorbutic properties than for any nutritive value which they may be assumed to possess. Yet even fruits of that character are especially valuable as additions to our daily diet, on account of the potash salts and mild vegetable acids they con- tribute to the blood. We learn from Johnson's Vegetable Food of the World that the grateful acid of the Khubarb stalk arises from the malic acid and binoxalate of potash which it contains. The acidity of the Lemon, Orange, and other species of the genus Citrus is caused by the abundance of citric acid which their juices contain ; that of the Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apple, and Pear from the malio acid in their pulp ; that of Gooseberries and Currants, black, white, and red, from a mixture of malio and citric acids ; that of Grapes, from a mixture of malic and tartaric acids ; that of the Mango, from citric acid and a very fugitive essential oil ; that of the Tamarind, from a mixture of citric, malic, and tartaric acids ; the flavour of Aspa- ragus, from aspartic acid, found also in the root of the Marsh Mallow ; and that of the Cucumber from a peculiar poisonous ingredient, oalled fungin, which is found in many species of fungi, and is the cause of the Cucumber being objectionable to some persons. It will be observed that Rhubarb is the only product which contains binoxalate of potash in conjunction with an acid. It is this ingredient which renders Rhubarb so wholesome at the early commencement of the summer, though in certain cases, known to medical men, its use may be injurious. The following table, compiled from some analyses by Professor Bkrard, shows the per- centage average chemical composition of five unripe fruits, and of eight ripe fruits, comprising Apples, Pears, Gooseberries, Grapes, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, and Peaches. Percentage Average Composition of Fruits. Unripe. Ripe. Water 85 7 78-7 Albuminoids 0-7 0-6 Sugar 40 12 9 Vegetable acids 1-5 1-3 Pectose and gum 4 3 37 Cellulose, &c. 3-8 28 The data thus given show that there is a con- siderable decrease in the watery particles of fruit as it approaches its full ripe character, resulting in a difference of 7 per cent., while the sugary constituents increase during maturation in a corresponding degree, rising from an average of 4 to nearly 13 per cent. There is very little actual decrease in the per- centage of acids from the green to the ripe stage of fruits, but the acidity becomes neutralised by the increase of sugar as the fruit approaches maturation. Many persons know from experience how much more pleasant and agreeable fruit is when gathered and eaten direct from the tree. This is undoubtedly in great part due to the freshness and briskness of the vegetable acids contained in the fruit, which, when so gathered and eaten, have not time to change into any other substance. Stale fruit, on the other hand, is unpalatable from the very fact that it has lost this pungent and brisk taste. Pectose forms the substance kuown as vege- table jelly, and it is to this constituent of fruits that jams owe their firmness. Cellulose is the fibrous part of fruits, and it is in this portion that we should find the largest proportion of mineral salts, potash, &e. Pampas-grass in a Lowestoft Garden.— The Pampas-grass has long played a part in the decoration of the flower garden and pleasure ground, but it is seldom that we see the plants arranged in masses in rectangular beds or borders in the manner that is apparent in our engraving of a view in the garden of W. J. Labkin, Esq., Holm View, Lowestoft (see fig. 3). The grass is here planted in conjunc- tion with flowering herbaceous perennials and others, and forms, when in full beauty, an admirable foil to those. In the marine climate of Lowestoft, espe- cially if sheltered from the sea wind, the plants will suffer less in winter than others at a distance from the coast. LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— On the occasion of the meeting of the above Society, on Thursday, June 16, Professor Stewart, President, in the chair, Mr. J. R. Leeson was admitted, and Messrs. T. Cooke, F. J. Clarke, and J. Mellob were elected Fellows of the Society. Mr. F. Enock exhibited some specimens of the Mustard beetle, and gave an account of its recent depredations as observed by himself. So numerous was it that, in walking down a single row of Mustard, a distance of Co yards, he had captured with a butterfly net upwards of 15,000, as he subse- quently ascertained, by counting a portion and weighing the remainder. The crop of Mustard thus affected he regarded as destroyed. Mr. Geoeoe Murray exhibited and described the type of a new order of Algse, to which the name Splachnidium rugosum was given. Mr. H. B. Guppy read a paper on " The Thames as an Agent in Plant Dispersal," in which several interesting facts were brought out, the observations being illustrated by specimens col- lected by the author, and a useful record given of the effects of exposure to sea water, and of freezing, upon the germinating power of seeds. Professor F. Oliver gave an abstract of observations made by Miss M. F. Ewaet on some abnormal developments of the flowers of Cypripedium, illustrated by effective diagrams in coloured chalk. The evening was brought to a close by an exhibition by Mr. Car- euthebs, with the aid of the oxy-hydrogen lantern, of some beautiful slides of sections of fossil plants. A second series, zoological, exhibited by the Presi- dent, included several minute organisms, of extreme interest. This meeting brought the session of 1891-92 to a close. Royal Visitors to Mr. Bull's Orchid EXHIBITION. — Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Edinburgh, with the Princesses Maeie and Victoria, accompanied by Prince Febdinand of Roumania, visited Mr. William Bull's Orchid Exhibition, at 536, King's Road, Chelsea, on Monday, June 27. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — The monthly meeting of the committee took place at the Hotel Windsor, on the 24th ult., when letters were read from Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bt., President of the Fund, acknowledging the resolution of con- dolence on the death of Lady Goldsmid, passed at the last meeting of the committee ; and from Sir James Whitehead, Bart., in reply to the vote of thanks for presiding at the annual dinner. Special donations were announced, as follows : Mr. H. Herbst, Kew, £2 2s.; Proprietors of the Hotel Metropole, £2 2s. ; Mr. G. W.TDummins, The Grange Gardens, Carshalton, collecting box, £3 3s.; and Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Victoria Nurseries, Holloway, collecting box in the house of insectivorous plants, International Horticultural Exhibition, Earl's Court, 15s. 9d. The quarterly allowances to the orphan children upon the Fund, amounting to £159 5s., was ordered to be paid. The National Pink Society : Northern SECTION. — Owing to its being found necessary to change the date of the Rose exhibition at the Botanical Gardens, Old Trafford, from July 16 to July 22, the Northern Pink Show announced for the same date has been postponed to July 22 also. The cultivators of Pinks are not numerous enough to make a show of themselves, and, therefore, it is necessary to tack the show of these flowers on to some larger show of florists' flowers. So far as we are able to ascertain, the Pinks promise well all round. In the south the flowers are coming finely laced, the season appearing to suit them. International Rose Show and Fete.— A floral festival of an unusual kind has been organised by the Directors of the International Horticultural Exhibition for Tuesday and Wednes- day next, when it is expected there will be dis- played at Earl's Court a collection of Roses, Orchids, Begonias, and herbaceous plants such as has not previously been seen in London. Most of the best English Rose growers will be repre- sented, and many Continental growers will also take part in the display. It will be " Roses, Roses, all all the way ; " and if fine weather should favour the affair, a brilliant gathering both of flowers and people may be confidently looked for. But there will be much to attract besides Roses ; Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, and other growers, will exhibit a collection of Orchids ; and a display of table decorations is arranged for in the main building. We are informed by Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross, that they will hold a Rose show at the International Horticultural Exhibition, commencing on Tuesday, July 5 next, and continu- ing until July 16. Dates of Rose Shows.— In addition to the dates of fixtures previously notified in these pages, are Farnham, Wednesday, July 6 ; Ealing, Tun- bridge Wells, on the Wednesday following ; on Thursday, July 14, Harlestone ; Chester National Rose Society's Show, on Saturday, July 16 ; Christie- ton on the Wednesday following ; and Ulverstone on Friday, July 22. July 2, 1892.] THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. Botanical Magazine.— The plants figured in the June number are : — Althaa, ficifolia, beat described as a single Holly- hock, with pale primrose-coloured flowers. Kew, t. 7237. Eria marginata. — A Burmese species, described by Mr. Rolfe in our columns, 1889, i., p. 200. The sweet-scented flowers are produced from the sides of stalked pseudobulbs, each flower being flattish, star- shaped, with fire lanceolate white segments, and a three-lobed lip, margined with red, t. 7238. Senecio (Kleinia) Galpini, — An undershrub, with fleshy oblong leaves, and heads of orange flowers in since they have been the subject of the gardeners' manipulations, have exhibited, as might have been anticipated, a remarkably sportive tendency. Very many such have passed through our hands, but never one quite like the present one, whilst Mr. Davis, who grows 150.000 or more annually, has never seen such a one. Liquorice Culture. — The cultivation of liquorice is stated by the British Consul at Batoum to be considerably increasing. In his report to the Foreign Office on the trade of Batoum during the year 1891, he says more liquorice is exported every hydraulic presses. Liquorice paste is being manu- factured, but has not yet been exported from the Caucasus. About 4.500 tons of dry root have been exported by the two factories, representing about 9000 tons of green root manipulated. The remainder exported was from a Greek firm. The number of hands employed by each factory varies from 50 to 300, according to the season, at wages varying from 8d, to Is. 2d. per day; and at outside collecting stations some 300 more, the greater number being employed in autumn and spring. Nearly all the inhabitants of the district find employment in digging the root at seasons when there is no other work to do. FlQ. 3.— PAMPAS GRASS, IN MB. W. J. LABKIs'i (iABDEN, HOLM VIEW, LOWESTOFT. (SEE P. 11) terminal corymbs. It is a native of the Transvaal, and flowered at Kew, t. 7239. Porana paniculata. — A tropical Indian creeper, with cordate acuminate leaves, and numerous small white Convolvulus-like flowers, in loose panicled cymes, t. 7240. Rosa pomi/era. — A Rose with handsome foliage, and still more handsome large fruits, figured in our columns, 1886, vol. i., p. 237, fig. 45. Sir Joseph Hooker sums up the botanical history of the species, which others refer to R. villosa, t. 7241. Leafy Begonia.— Mr. B. R. Davis, of Yeovil, who makes Begonias a specialty, sends ns a male flower of a yellow variety, in which one of the sepals is developed in the shape of a perfect leaf. Begonias, year from the Caucasus, and the export seems likely to increase, the quantity exported in 1891 being double that of the previous year. It is obtained chiefly in the district lying between Elizavetpol and Hadji Kabul, where it is brought by the natives to various depots established for its reception by the different firms during the winter months, no diffi- culty being experienced in getting the quantity required. The price to the natives on the spot is about '25s. per ton for green root, the price varying according to the distance from the factory. The green root is reckoned to yield about 45 per cent, of dry. With the exception of a few tons, all the liquorice exported goes to America. Two liquorice factories, owned by Englishmen, are employed in collecting, drying, and pressing liquorice roots by ASTER ALPINUS VAR. ALBUS.— On the occasion of a recent visit to the highly remarkable garden of the Rev. Chancellor Swavne at Salisbury, we could but note amid the host of choice plants there to be seen, the numerous plants of this pretty Composite. Chancellor Swayne seems to know how to make his plants, comparatively speaking, equal in size, a point of great importance in a rock garden, where one too often sees the triumph of might over right. The old walls of this charming garden were covered with Erinus alpinus, a charmingly decorative plant, which seeds itself freely here. Begonia Rosebud — Some flowers of the above novelty have been kindly sent to us by Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, but it is only from his 16 THE GAB BE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [July 2, 1892. letter that we were enabled to make out that they were the blossoms of tuberous Begonias, and not Balsams, Hollyhocks, or Camellias, so regularly double are they. The colour is soft rose-pink, and the diameter of the largest one 2i inches. We opine the " improvement " of the tuberous Begonia cannot go farther in this direction. Floral Fete at the Mansion House.— A Floral Fete and Bazaar, in aid of the Royal Hospital for Women and Children, took place at the Mansion House on Friday the 24th alt., under most distinguished patronage. The chief display was in the Egyptian Hall, in the centre of which was the Lady Mayoress's circular stand. The crush of visi- tors was such that it was quite impossible to obtain a general view, and it was only after much difficulty that the individual stalls could be reached. Amongst an abundance of the most exquisite flowers, we noticed some Roses from the Prince of Wales, Car- nations from Lord Rothschild, Orchids from Messrs. Sander & Co., and Roses from Messrs. Turner and Mr. Frank Cant. It is with pleasure we are able to report such a complete success. Poisonous Properties in the Genus Tem- PLETONIA. — Baron von Mdeller writes : — " A fatal poisoning case has just been reported from the Darling River, through T. egena. A woman thinking that this leafless plant must have similar medicinal properties to that of the English Broom-bush, prepared an infusion of the Temple- tonia, one cupful of which produced death within an hour ! Considering that this genus is in its affinities not so very remote from that of Gastro- lobium and some other Australian simple-leaved leguminous shrubs, the discovery of lethal effects in Templetonia does not come very unexpectedly. As T. retusa is much cultivated in conservatories of Europe as an ornamental shrub, material exists also there for testing it as regards any deleterious pro- perties ; should such exist, then the poison principles might be isolated even in Europe, where now so many phytochemic laboratories exist with ample special appliances." EFFECTS OF THE FROST.— Travellers by the Great Western Railway can witness abundant examples of the disastrous effects of the June frosts. In many cottage gardens lying in the Thames valley in Berkshire, the plantations of Potatos are almost wholly destroyed ; so are Scarlet Runners and Vegetable Marrows. The same can, unhappily, be seen in other parts of the country, and in Surrey and Kent, counties favoured to a large extent by climate, similar signs of the destructive effects of the frost can be noted. If only cottagers would take the trouble, as they are often recommended to do, to draw up the soil to their Potato-tops when cold nights at the end of May and early in June are imminent, crops might be saved ; and it can be done with a small outlay of labour. BULB CATALOGUE. — We have received an exceedingly full list of bulbs, corms, tubers, &c, from Messrs. Damman & Co , of San Giovanni, Teduccio, Naples. The catalogue is well illustrated, and has the text in German and English given in parallel columns. Flowers in Season. -Canna William II. is a brilliant scarlet, withal, of a soft shade, and equally well adapted for pots or vases, or the sub-tropical bed. We remember seeing a very effective bed made with one of these tine new varieties of Canna and the dwarf-growing Zinnia Haageana. The former grew about 2i feet, and the latter, which formed the groundwork, was 9 inches high. Car- nation George Fry is a fine thing, which some day everyone will make a point of possessing. The colour is bright crimson, and the form of the bloom is just a little bit irregular, that is, it needs dressing. Both of the above came from Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E. Floral Decorations in the Dwelling. — Indoor decorations with plants and floweis seem to us to be getting greatly over-done, and we fear there will be a general revolt against the thing, on the score of its extravagant cost, and its glaring artificiality, which will, in the end, inflict damage to horticulture, as seen in the cultivation of beautiful plants. A plant or two of Indian Azalea, unrestrained by stick or tie ; a Franciscea, a neglige' Begonia tuberosa, with pendu- lous blooms by preference ; a few Palms, with light, tremulous foliage ; a Dracaena, either green or coloured ; an Acacia longifolia ; Camellias, especially the single or semi-double forms, in any colour ; Cantua dependens, the perfumed Magnolia fuscata, a panful of Achimenes of the patens type, Gesnera zebrina, or a handsome Cliveia miniata ; a few of these, or such as these, would give more real pleasure to their possessor, and add to the adornment of an apartment to a greater degree than the hundreds of " market plants "that are now so commonly employed by the florists. Report on Fruit Crops in England and on the Continent in the Present Season. — The following report, furnished by Messrs. W. N. White & Co., Limited, CoventGarden, will be read with interest: — " In sending you our annual circular showing the results of our investigations into the fruit crops of England and the Continent for the season 1892, we muBt apologise for it being so late, for the following reasons : 1st, reports were so con- flicting that we had to write for fuller information from various places ; 2nd, the weather has been so changeable that we waited until we thought every- thing was safe ; but even as late as last week we understand that damage.has been done, there having been frost in many districts. In May it was thought that the crops of almost everything would be very good, but the tropical weather that prevailed towards the end of that month soon dispelled these hopes. Cherries alone are the one good crop of the year. Not only in England, but through France, Belgium, Holland, and Germany the crop is considered a full one everywhere. Gooseberries may be said to be one-third of a crop in England ; a good half crop in Holland, and a fair crop in Belgium and Germany. France only grows sufficient for their home require- ments. Black Currants are a very light crop in this country, not exceeding one-third. In France crops are also light. Holland has about half a crop ; and the same may be estimated for Belgium and Germany. Red Currants on the other hand are reported a fair crop, not only in England, but in Holland, from which latter country we get very large supplies ; the general report from there is that the crop is good. Plums which at one time looked as if we should again have a fair crop in England, notwithstanding last year's large supply, have disappointed growers considerably ; in some districts there are scarcely any. We do not think there will be more than a quarter crop in Eogland, and the same in Holland and Germany, while in some districts in France there are scarcely any, but from the South of France the crop is reported to be fairly good. Greengages are a fair crop in the South of France, but there are very few in the north, and in the champagne district, from whence large supplies come forward to this country, we hear there is hardly a single fruit to be seen. The crop is very light in Germany and Holland, and not more than one-third of a crop in Belgium. Pears. — Crops are very bad throughout England. In many districts there are scarcely any. The same remarks apply to Germany, Belgium, and Holland. France also has a very poor crop. Apples at first promised to be a fair crop in England, but in some districts they are now quoted an entire failure. Where growers have washed their trees, we believe a certain moiety of the crop has been saved, but where the trees have not been washed, in some districts there are scarcely any fruit. Germany is quoted as a very small crop, but through France, Belgium, and Holland, the crop is fairly good. Raspberries. — The continual night frosts of the spring cut the canes severely, and this, followed by the dry weather in May, has left the plants very small, and the crop is certain to be a very light one, under one half. The same remarks apply to Holland — very few Raspberries come to this country except those from Holland. Strawberries were also so much affected by the frosts in the spring, that in no district have they made their usual growth ; the great com- plaint is the lack of foliage, and the crop is likely to be a very short one — one-third ; and, owing to the scarcity of foliage, should we get warm weather, the crop will not last more than fourteen days. Nuts are reported to have suffered in some districts with the maggot. Walnuts are fairly plentiful in Belgium and Holland, but are a light crop in the south o£ France. Chestnuts are quoted a good half crop. PLANT PORTRAITS. Chrysanthemum : 1, Louis Bcehmeb; 2, H. Ballantine. Gartenflora, t. 1370. Chrysanthemum Kaiserin Auquste Victoria. Semi-double pale primrose, described as " Ein sport des Mary Anderson." Gartenflora, t. 1371. Micromeles alnifolia, Kochne, Gartenflora, June, 1892, p. 284. Rodriguesia caloplectron, Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883, p. 368 ; Gartenflora, t. 1372. MEGACARP.EA POLYANDRA. For the opportunity of figuring this strange Crucifer, we are indebted to Mr. Burbidge, under whose charge the plant flowered in the Trinity College garden, Dublin (see p. 17). Before the present day, when the microscopical anatomy of plants almost exclusively absorbs the attention of the student, this was a plant to excite strong interest. A Crucifer without the habitual four long and two short stamens, but with a series of a dozen or twenty, was a thing to marvel at and excite lively commo- tion among those inclined to morphological studies, while those of a genealogical turn of mind saw in it some far-off connection of the Poppies. The seed- vessel also is remarkable, but more for its size than any other peculiarity, for structurally it is not very different from Alyssum Shepherd's Purse and many others. As will be seen from the illustration, one- half only of the seed vessel is here developed, the remaining portion having been arrested in it? growth. Notices of Books. The Application of Artificial Manures to Fruit and Vegetable Growing, and in Flower and Garden Cultivation. A vert useful and practical pamphlet under the above title has just issued from the pen of Professor P. Wagner, Director of the Agricultural Research Station, Darmstadt, which has been translated by Mr. D. A. Louis, F.I.C. The value of the work is much enhanced by fourteen autotype photographic illustrations of plant cultivation, comprising Oats, Barley, Tobacco, Potatos, Hemp, Beets, Carrots, Maize, Beans, Peas, Coleus, Geraniums, and Fuchsias. The author says, no one will deny the great progress that has been made in improving the species of fruits, in the treatment of fruit trees, in searching out new kinds of vegetables of higher value, in discovering new sorts of flowers which are remarkable for beauty of colour, graceful and elegant form, and plentiful blossom. Every establishment devoted to the cultivation of flowers distinguishes itself by developments in this direction. But the improvement is only in one direction. Whilst the farmer knows how much phosphoric acid, how much potash, and how much nitrogen any of his crops require ; also in what form they should be applied, and the way to use the manure to the best effect, so as to get the highest possible results ; in books on horticulture an astonishing ignorance is displayed on all these topics, and in practice it is no different. Gardens and vegetable-beds are manured generally without any consideration at all. They are dressed with large quantities of stable- July 2, 1892.] THE GARDENER 8' CHR ONI CLE, 17 manure, which frequently costs a great deal of money, and, as a rule, contains but little plant- sustaining constituents; no thought being given to the waste of certain ingredients, which must neces- sarily ensue from an exclusive manuring with farm- yard manure, and no consideration exercised as to how very much more useful this manure could be rendered by an admixture of artificial fertilisers. Plants are dosed with liquid manure, domestic drainage, com- post, &c, and it is not known to what a great extent The author draws attention to the fact that in gardens, especially for extensive vegetable culti- vation, twice" or three times1 as much manure is required per acre as is demanded for field cultivation. The production of garden soil is far greater than that of the field, whereas the farmer must, as a rule, be contented with one harvest in the year ; the market gardener endeavours to extract two or even three crops from the soil in the course of a year. By heavy manuring, by great expenditure of labour, by Fig. 4.- -MEGACABP."EA POLYANBEA. SEED VESSELS OF TH1 NATURAL SIZE ; ENLARGED. (SEE P. 16 ) FLOWEBS AND POLLEN the use of phosphates could improve the yield and the quality of fruit, and the beauty of flowers, &c. Plants are set in pots, in garden-soil, and nobody realises how plants starve in such a small quantity of soil; how they sicken; how they fall victims to fungi ; how they suffer from rotting roots, because they starve for want of nourishment. It is impossible to say how much more easily and conveniently, and how much more successfully, and with what greater financial advantage, vegetable gardening, garden cultivation, flower-raising and growing, could be conducted, if a rational system of plant-sustaining were introduced. artificial watering, by concurrent cultivations, and suitable sequences of plants, the gardener induces such a high production, that twice, thrice, or even four times as much phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potash are converted into harvest material from his soil than is possible in the cultivation of farm crops. Manuring and plant production are immeasurably heavier in vegetable growing and gardening than in farming. With the heavier manuring, the accessory constituents of certain manures accumulate to such an extent, as to engender the fear of a deleterious action in the development of vegetation. In agriculture we have to deal with a comparatively small number of different kinds of plants. We can easily control this number, and without much trouble can try with each of them, whether the accessory constituents of the manures of commerce act in- juriously on them or not. In horticulture, on the other hand, this would present far greater difficulties. In this case we have to deal with a much greater number of species and genera, and we cannot carry out experiments with each of them ; moreover, gar- den plants, various vegetables, the finer kinds of fruits, berries, flowers, &c, are, as a rule, more delicate and sensitive than field plants. It is not improbable that the accumulations of salts, of sul- phuric and hydrochloric acid in the soil, injure just those qualities which give the product its particular value. Double Superphosphate. — Double superphosphate is free from sulphuric acid, and highly concen- trated ; it contains almost three times as much phosphoric acid as ordinary 16 per cent, super- phosphate. This is recommended to ensure a very rapid and vigorous early development of plants. For with Vines, fruit trees, berry-bearing shrubs, &c, a great deal depends upon their producing leaves rapidly and abundantly in the spring, also upon the blossoms appearing at the right time, upon the fruc- tification ensuing vigorously, inasmuch as the more completely all these phenomena take place the more certain are the prospects of a harvest satisfactory both for quantity and quality. In the case of kitchen plants and all seedlings, it is also of great advantage to make these develop rapidly and vigorously, in order that they may recover as soon as possible from the ravages made upon them by insects, frosts, and bad weather, and that they may elaborate as quickly as possible a widely-distributed and deeply pene- trating network of vigorous roots, and in this way acquire so much vital energy, and so much power of resistance, that they can encounter with successful opposition all inimical attacks. Phosphate of Potash. — It is generally known that plants do not live on food consisting of single nutritive substances, but on food compounded of dif- ferent nutritive substances. If potash is wanting in the soil, then the phosphoric acid cannot act ; or if the nitrogen is not present in sufficient quantity, then neither the potash nor the phosphoric acid become active. Each different plant has to be supplied, according to its requirements, with the necessary quantity of readily-assimilable potash and easily available nitrogen. Vineries.— The Vine affects a soil very rich in food-material ; it apparently possesses a compara- tively feeble power either for the appropriation of slightly soluble soil-nutrients, or for utilising a soil solution poor in food materials. It appears advan- tageous for the vitality and bearing capacity of the Vine to have even the lower layers of the soil abundantly supplied with soluble nutrients, so that the roots penetrating into these layers can be well nourished, and made to develop vigorously. But a plentiful supply of plant-food can only sink into the lower layers when the surface is supplied with a great excess, and when the quantity removed by the harvest is replaced annually. In accordance with the practical experience of Vine-cultivators, to bring a vineyard to a healthy, vigorous, and fruitful con- dition, and to retain it in this condition in order to obtain from it the greatest possible profit, one must set out with an application of potash, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen far above that of the usual farm- yard manure dressing. Orchards.— Most fruit-trees are badly nourished ; they, consequently, not only yield badly, but at the same time suffer from adventitious dryness, from sudden changes of weather, from insects, and all sorts of sicknesses, far more than they would do were they better cared for. The more vigorously a tree is nourished, the more active are its organs in pre- senting a stronger resistance to all disturbing influ- ences, and the greater is its power to remedy any injury that has happened to it. Pot- cultivation. — Pot-plants starve when they are not manured. The quantity of earth sup- plied, even when the pot is comparatively large, 18 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. LJctly 2, 1S92. offers far too little space for the roots to spread, and the amount of soluble food-material in the soil, even when the richest hotbed soil is employed, is far too small to induce the plant to develop. Healthy, vigorous, richly - blooming plants are not in the least difficult to obtain, so soon as a man has disentangled himself from the erroneous idea that pot-plants are only sensitive to thirst, and only want water, and always more water to drink, but never in any way suffer from hunger. It is just pot-plants which must be plentifully and carefully nourished, in order that they may better overcome the comparatively unfavourable circum- stances under which they are placed. Chamber- plants and greenhouse-plants live, in fact, in captivity. The open air, the undiminished light, the direct sunshine, the dew, the rain, the morning atmosphere, the broad and deep extent of soil, the good aeration of the soil, the even distri- bution of the soil-moisture — of all these the plant living in captivity is deprived, and when, in addition to this, it is allowed to starve, then much cannot come from its development. We must leave the subject here, but recommend a careful perusal of the forty-six pages of most useful and readable materal. J. J. Willis, Harpenden. EVERYBODY'8 POCKET CYCLOPAEDIA. (Saxon & Co.) This little book is certainly a most wonderful epitome of general information, and the tenth edition contains even more than did its predecessors, being furnished with much new matter, and various maps. The full index is also an improvement, and the whole is a most handy volume for the pocket or the library table. The cost is — sixpence ! Every gardener will find it useful. Foreign Correspondence. CALIFORNIA AS A HOME. I did not mind when my article in the Gardeners' Chronicle of February 20 was answered in the way Mr. Carter, of Cheltenham, wrote (March 5), as his words recorded an exceptional case. But I am in the receipt of letters relating to that subject, informing me that my reliability is seriously questioned in consequence, I am obliged to ask for a little space in this journal, much as I hate to make a universal paper like this, in which every reader over the whole globe looks for truthful- ness and reliable information, a place for more or less personal controversy. Does any reader believe that 1 acre of land is worth 100 dols. when the product of it has to be hauled " from 10 to 20 miles, as the case may be ? " And that in a country where the population is so thin that millions of acres are for sale on more than cheap terms just for the very sake of attracting emigrants to settle up the country ? And if it was worth 100 dols. per acre, would Grapes be the proper product to put out, if they had to be hauled 10 to 20 miles ? I live here 19J miles away from the railroad, and it would be an impossibility to haul Grapes over roads as rough as mountain roads are, anything like such a distance. The consequence is, that Grapes are worth 18 to 20 dol. per ton. I heard considerable complaint from below, when three years ago Grapes were worth but 8 dols., and that in consequence of a production so plentiful and abundant that the vineries could not buy them, having the product of previous years still on hand. There are Grapes grown everywhere which are actually not worth picking on account of being grown on too cold a hillside, or because they are a kind not fit for wine. Such must have been the case when Mr. Carter was rolling his 20 miles, and was offered 5 dols. Surely that is absurd. If Mr. Carter had to work his vine- yard for five years before realising a crop he was one whole year behind time. And if locusts hap- pened to appear one year, as they will sometimes in California, there was no reason to be permanently discouraged. As to *' other causes which spoil his crop," I challenge Mr. Carter to name one before en- gaging in commonplaces. When I mentioned "that Grapes would not ripen in San Francisco," I did so to show the great variability of the climate, and nobody could take it as meaning that the hills of our city were covered with Vines. Mr. Carter " never could get more than about 1 cent per lb. for Peaches." I will speak by figures. At 20 feet distance the acre will contain 108 trees. They bear the third year, the second if you let them. The fourth they average easily 50 lb. to the tree, or 50 dols. to the acre at Mr. Carter's figure. Is that not enough return on an outlay of 100 dols. (which you are never asked unless in localities too favour- able to be sold for fruit growing, and is kept for real estate speculation) ? If the reader should be interested enough to refer to both our articles, he will never find that I said " We have no rain from one December until the other." Our rains begin in October, and continue more or less to the middle of May. Mr. Carter knows better, if ever he was in California. I never yet heard of taxes averaging 3 dols. in the hundred. They may reach 2 dols., provided the county' is making extraordinary improvements — hospitals, bridges, &c. In such cases, everybody pays his dues. We surely do not need the sympathy of our readers when Mr. Carter tried to make out that our wives might be fortunate enough to have brooches and earrings to be assessed for. We do better than that, though we are not able to pay 100 dols. per acre for hill land. Mr. Carter talks about hundreds of acres. Let me say, he only paid for 200— that would be 20,000 dols., or £4000. Every bank in this our blessed California pays 5} per cent, per annum. Mr. Carter would have done better if he had put his money in a bank, that other people might have had a chance to work with it, and spend the rest of his days on the £1 of interest we gladly would have given him for nearly every day in the year. My first article was written out of mere interest for the thousand-and-one gardeners in poor posi- tions in the old country. I told them in the purest disinterestedness that I had found the " Golden West," and that they might do likewise if they chose to. But I warned them not to engage in anything without knowing what they were about. Geo. Hansen, Home Correspondence. LARCH DISEASE.— Mr. H. J. Elwes, p. 815, Gardeners' Chronicle for June 25, tells us that " some of the largest, finest, and healthiest Larch in England, about a hundred years old, are now growing on a very thin calcareous soil, not chalk, but oolitic limestone," and as this appears to be a very excep- tional case, and as the term calcareous, as applied to soils, is a very vague one, and apt to lead to confusion, Mr. Elwes would confer a favour on other planters as well as myself if he would kindly state the percentage of lime which his soil contains. J. B. Webster, Planter and Wood Surveyor, Fairview, Stangmore, Bnngannon. I agree with Mr. Elwes in thinking that the injury to Mr. Wilson's plantations did not arise from their being planted upon a chalk sub- soil. I have planted Larch on thin soil upon chalk extensively, and have no reason to think that they will not grow well upon chalk. I have seen young Larch injured by the fungus quite as much on various other Boils as on chalk. Mr. Elwes refers to the Coccus laricis. I have often seen young Larch not healthy, apparently from other causes, attacked first by the Coccus, succeeded by patches of fungus, the trees at last dying. The cause of Mr. Wilson's Larch dying was, I should think, probably in the first instance, the severe frost of May 18, 1S92, which made the trees unhealthy, and liable to attacks from disease. I remember a similar frost many years ago destroying maDy acres of Larch plantation in the neighbourhood of Helmsley in a similar manner. The question of the comparative power of Larch raised from native and foreign seed to resist cold and disease is an important one, and I should like to have the opinion of growers, especially in Scotland, as to their txoerience thereon. I think that some of them are in favour of native- grown seed,Jbut any evidence of the results of actual trials would-be very valuable. C. W. Strickland, Hildenley, 'Malton, Yorkshire. DEW, AND ITS ACTION ON PLANTS.— Although it may be a fact that the beneficial action of dew, in itself, has been over-estimated, yet the statement made by Mr. J. Matthewman (in an article bearing the above title in your issue of June 11), to the effect that "the generally-accepted theory of the formation of dew has been proved to be incorrect," is not likely to receive much credence unless some sort of evidence is given in its support. It is rather a pity that the writer of the article in question does not mention a few at any rate of the experiments upon the results of which Professor Wollny bases his " weighty " arguments, for the question is one of some practical importance to gardeners. The one solitary instance in which Mr. Matthewman makes any attempt to support his statement by reference to experimental fact, is that where he quotes the observation of Wollny that in a certain- field " the dew was sometimes much heavier in one place than in another ; " but no one possessing the slenderest knowledge of elementary physics, can therefrom draw the cock-sure conclusion that "the quantity of dew deposited depends upon the mois- ture of the earth." In the absence of serious argu- ment, the refutation of Professor Wollny 's new- fangled doctrine is, of course, out of the question ; and until the generally-accepted theory has been proved to be untenable, I, for one, shall continue to hold that the poets are right in the " supposition " that has provided them " with many beautiful comparisons." C. W. Herbert Greaves, Bournemouth. I do not like Professor Wollny 's theory of dew and the oozing out process at all (vol. xi., p. 753). I had long since come to the conclusion that its formation depended on the volume of moisture in suspension in the atmosphere, the temperature of this, and the subjects exposed to it. Plants are not the only objects that receive dewy deposits, for it may be seen on iron rails, hard-surfaced stone copings, painted wood and glass, or any other object that becomes sufficiently cooled, and is compara- tively non-absorbent. Surely none of these can abstract the moisture from the earth, and if th& professor has proved " that dew is not, as is gene- rally supposed, formed by condensation taking place in the atmosphere immediately over the plant," perhaps he or Mr. Matthewman, who has trotted him out, will explain the presence of moiBture on the substances referred to, and, indeed, even on fabrics, which the professor can verify if he thinks fit to spread his coat on a table or a hedge some dewy night and leave it there until morning ; he will find it so bedewed that it would be risky to wear it without first exposing it to heat to dry. Why may not plants be the recipients of similar deposit ? I concede that lack of moisture in the soil will materially lessen the dew deposit, and I notice that pot-plants in our glass-houses when already gorged with moisture exhibit moisture on their surface sooner and more copiously than those comparatively dry at the roots, or bordering on tlabbiness ; but I always credited the absorbing capacity of the leaves with the difference ; and I have entertained the idea that the leaves of a plant replete with moisture are cooler than those that are dry and flaccid ; and if this is so, it will account for the sparsely dewy deposit on the latter, for it is certain that the temperature of the object regulates the quantity deposited. Gardeners are familiar with condensed moisture or dew (I must have it this way) on Grapes in the morning, towards autumn- time, when there is no trace of it on the foliage. Now, if we accept the oozing-out theory, one would expect to see the moisture on the porous leaves first. Here, again, I am led to believe that the berries are so much colder than the foliage ; hence, the copious condensation. The same thing would happen if a sheet of metal or a roofing-slate were laid by the side of the professor's coat as suggested. As to the value and the effect of dew, I will not say more now than that gardeners lay as much stress on the im- portance of an atmosphere holding in suspension a certain amount of moisture as they do on the wetness of the soil. W. P. B. SAXIFRAGA MUSCOIDES ATRO-PURPUREA.— I have little doubt but that the plant cited at p. 734 in the last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle as S. m. rubra is that which is generally known under the name given above. It is a neat and compact plant, producing quite a mass of its flowers in spring. Your correspondent, " E. M ," speaks of Jolt 2. 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19 it as one for a shallow soil ; but if the soil be very thin, the plant is liable in warm, dry summers to be stunted in growth, and the flowers few the fol- lowing spring. To get the maximum number of flowers from the plant, it should be broken up once in two years, in the months of September or Octo- ber, and planted over a large space of dug ground, a few inches apart ; and by the arrival of spring these bits will have nearly met. Where left alone for a longer period, it is liable to get drawn in the -centre, and deterioration set in. It is an excellent plant for planting in crevices of rockwork, or for forming a carpet on miniature rocky ravines, and in other similar spots. J. FRUIT CROPS IN KENT.— I am afraid the fruit crops will suffer very much from the fogs at night, and the bitter east wind which is now prevailing; though 1 believe we are favoured just here with the Cherry crops, but they have changed within these tew days. C., Sittitigboume. 8AXIFRAGA ARCTIOIDES PRIMULINA.— This has been one of the most charming of all the Saxifrages this spring, and even now the last few of its flowers are only on the wane, a fact accounted for, perhaps, by the situation, which is somewhat shaded till about 3 p.m. daily. Notwithstanding this, it thrives, is in the best of health, and flowers with its usual freedom year by year. Among the rarer forms of the crusted section it is a veritable gem, one which has never been anything but rare, and one which will long remain a scarce plant. In its very slow growth the plant is a match for S. diapensioides, squarrosa, Tombeana, and such like; but in its flowering it surpasses, in my opinion, all these by the daintiness of its flowers of clear primrose-yellow, so profusely borne on the slender stalks of only ■3 or 4 inches high. It seems to thrive well in loamy soil, to which may be added with advantage some sharp grit, old mortar rubbish, and charcoal. My specimen I have grown for upwards of five years, and it is now no more across than a florin, half of which growth has been made with me. It is one of the legacies left us, I believe, by the late Mr. J. Atkins, of Painswick, and a charming plant when in full flower. J. STRAWBERRIES. — If we judge by the large quantity of Strawberries now in the market, and offered so cheaply in shops and on barrows in every direction, it seems evident that in spite of some fears to the contrary there is a good crop generally after all. The very dry weather which prevailed during the spring, and the numerous white frosts which so generally prevailed during the bloom- ing time, very naturally induced fears that the crop would suffer ; so far, however, there has been little to complain of. What those who like Straw- berries and are necessarily dependent upon shops or markets for their supplies, have to complain of, is the exceeding lack of quality found in the fruit they can purchase — why is that so ? It is because all the largest-fruited varieties have the least flavour. Some have none whatever ; and market growers, because these inferior varieties produce the largest fruits and heaviest crops, grow these only, whilst superior varieties that it would be real pleasure to consume, are not to be had. Strawberry raisers are somewhat to blame for this, because they have put so many of these large showy fruited varieties into commerce, and have given to us very few that have flavour, Mr. Laxton's last seedling, Royal Sovereign (see fig. 5, p. 21), is perhaps, the best flavoured form that prolific raiser has yet produced, and it would seem as if it deserved wide cultivation. But then it is not at all of the dimensions of Noble, or James Veitch, or Waterloo, or Sir Joseph Paxtou, and is hardly likely to become a favoured market variety. What a pity it is that we cannot obtain good flavour in these large- fruited sorts ; but the combination seems to be an impossi- bility. In reality we have few varieties that are esteemed worthy of wide cultivation, which have marked flavour. The British Queen type can be well grown only by the few, they are failures to the many, and out of 100 so-called forms in commerce we have none that come near to British Queen. With such an exceeding number of fine-fruited, free- cropping Strawberries in cultivation now, surely we can afford henceforth to certificate none which do not give high flavour with other merits. A. D. PROFITABLE FRUIT GROWING. — The recent letter of " Pomum " has put the above matter in its very brightest light. The prospect held out by him to the small fruit grower is highly seducing. " D. T. F.," in your issue of June 4, has taken some of the gilt off the gingerbread, and his remarks apropos of soil and Bite are well to the point. If it is sought to prove that " small holders " may secure considerable profits by growing fruit for sale in open market, the delusion should be dispelled. I believe it has never been contemplated under the Small Holdings Act that landlords should be compelled to part with the best sites for fruit-growing which they possess, and the compulsory clauses, such as they were, have now been altogether rejected. The advantages of site, and a soil prepared through manv long and careful years, are all on the side of the landlord, and he, as a rule, is a competitor with the tenant. Two days ago I was in a magnificent garden, where every fruit and vegetable was grown to superabundance, and in perfection. The garden was part of a fine old estate, rented for the time to a very wealthy man — a retired bootmaker. The gardener told me that nearly all the produce went to market, and when I inquired what prices he got for Borne things, he said, '-Oh, we take what price is offered." The moral is plain. Against such as these, the small holder cannot possibly compete. He can never have capital sufficient to bring new ground into the required state of perfection. Let him be content to acquire just sufficient ground to grow for his own use, but do not attempt to persuade him that he can grow profitably for the market. The result of passing a compulsory clause would, of course, be to furnish that full justification to the landowner, if any were needed, for pressing his com- petition with the small holders to the furthest limits, so that the certain result, in any case, is the failure of the latter. These and other little points should, I think, be carefully laid before intending occupiers of small holdings. Nothingcan be said in disparage- ment of the landloids; they are completely justified in growing and selling what they like ; nay, more, they are in duty bound to wring from the soil every atom of life which it can produce, and having done this, to offer it as food for the people. Edward Nask, Captain, late R.A., F.S.H.S., Tatsficld, Wcsterham. SELLING R08E BLOOMS AT EXHIBITIONS.— I heartily sympathise with Mr. Findlay in his troubles at the Manchester Rise shows. It seems to be the practice at these exhibitions for exhibitors' assistants to push the sale of spare blooms, and the blooms generally after the exhibition is closed. It is an objectionable practice, and Mr. Findlav's complaint comes in good time. At the Moseley Rose Show, of which I am the manager, we desire to make an appeal to the exhibitors to stop the practice, and hand over to us the staged blooms at the end of the day ; also any spare blooms, to be sold by ladies who will take the matter in hand, for the benefit of our childrens' hospital and the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. It is carrying out a long-cherished idea that flower shows should do more for charity than is done, and we shall try the experiment at Moseley, and have orphan fund collecting boxes as well. W. D. COAL-TAR AS A SAFE GUARD TO THE BARK OF YOUNG TREES FROM CATTLE AND OTHER ANIMALS. — There is no doubt that coal-tar smeared on the bark of young trees prevents damage from cattle, and sticks that have been smeared with it and stuck into mole-runs will drive the moles away. I am told it is also effectual in ridding places of rats and mice, if placed in spots frequented by these vermin; at the same time, I think it would have been well if Mr. Dyer (see your report of Mr. Dyer's very interesting and instructive lecture at the Drill Hall, on June 21, vol. ix., p. 816) had issued a caution along with his recommendation as to the use of this article. Though no case of damage from it has come under my own immediate obser- vation, I have more than once heard of young trees having been destroyed by too thick or heavy an application to their bark. A very little suffices to keep the animals off — just a thin smear on those parts within the reach ot horses, cattle, sheep, hares, and rabbits; it adheres and retains its efficiency for a long time. Though I have often used it, I have always been careful not to apply it too thickly — at least, to young trees. Very young trees, fruit trees, osiers, &c, frequently receive great damage from rabbits and hares, and for very young trees — I mean of one or two years' growth — unmixed coal-tar is, I think, quite unsuited, and would take too long to apply. I can recommend as perfectly safe and effectual in protecting tender young trees from ground game, the following, and I believe it is equally good against animals of a larger kind : — Mix clay and stable or farm-yard manure into a paste, a small quantity of soot may also be added, and just flavour the mixture with a little paraffin (petroleum) oil or coal-tar ; either or both of these will do no harm, but a very little of them suffices. If Btable or farmyard drainings are not to be had, slop-water from the dwelling-house is almost if not quite as good. Of course, the materials should be thoroughly mixed, and the consistence should be auch that the smear can be conveniently used. If " thin," it may be expeditiously put on with a common whitewash brush ; or an old paint brush, or a wisp of old sacking, if " thick." I know of no better mixture than the above for the parts of Apple trees affected by American blight. If the mixture is made " strong," care should be taken to avoid touching the foliage with it. If smearing the foliage cannot be avoided, the mixture should be made somewhat weaker with water. J. E. Ewing, Havant. A POPPY AMONGST ANTS. —Can anyone ex- plain the reason for this Latin proverb, ot which I cannot test the truth here, where ants are scarce ? In the "Trinummus " — one of the Westminster Plays — of Plautus, a spendthrift's money is said to have been squandered amongst the purveyors of luxuries, and "quickly finished, like a Poppy amongst ants." C. W. Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas. A PRETTY COMBINATION.— On visiting the seat of P. Rilli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom, the gardens of which are well managed by Mr. G. Hunt, I observed on the back wall of one of the plant-houses Ficus repens, on which was a plant of Clerodendron Balfourianum, and flowering magnificently. The dark foliage of the Ficus threw into effective relief the large panicles of scarlet and white flowers of this well-known variety of Clerodendron. B. RHODODENDRON FALCONERI.— On p. 095, TOl. ix., a correspondent at Ipswich, describes the flower of this aB " shaded lilac," and mentions that it has flowered with him in the open air for the first time. A year or two ago your columns contained a description of a specimen in flower in the open air at Appin, Argyllshire, which had grown without protection for many years. It has flowered freely this year, and the trusses are not lilac but of a primrose colour. Can any of your correspondents say if there are varieties differing in colour ? W. D. S. CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS.— Permit me to endorse, and, if possible, add to all that " A. D." so well says in praise of these (p. 534). The growers are doing their part well in pushing the sale of the different brands, and doubtless find their reward in more or less substantial profits. The trade in I ; .li.Hius and Currants fluctuates considerably ac- cording to the season, and the severe frosts of last April that have caused such havoc in the French and other continental vineyards will have greatly curtailed supplies, or raised prices, or both. It is not, however, needful to disparage the use of time - honoured customs which sanc- tioned fruits with a view of pushing the trade in canned, candied, bottled, pressed or dried Apples, Pears, Plums, Apricots, Cherries, Gooseberries, and Currants. Before the fruit season gets too far advanced, I wish especially to direct the attention of fruit growers to the possibility of adding greatly to the returns this year through the bottling or candying of Gages and other Plums before stoning. Not the least delicious of these fascinating mixtures of French or other candied fruits, arranged so tastily in boxes, set off with silver, golden, or crimson paper, are the green candied Plums, obviously candied in sugar before the stones harden. Plums, notwithstanding the break-down crops of last year, and the stinging frosts of this April, promise well. Should they show another such crop as last year, no one can doubt that the ripe sample would be so improved by thinning off, say a half, before the stoning, as to make more money of the half than the whole crop. The price of the green would therefore be all clear gain, minus the thinning off and sending to market. If any of our large houses, such as Crosse and Blackwell, would adver- tise for green Plums for bottling, and candying at once, a much-needed fillip would be given to the starting of a new industry, which would add sub- stantially to the profits of Plum and Gage growing. The large growers will hardly have it that Gages are Plums — long spoken of as less Plum - like than Damsons and Bullaces. Of course, the use in preservation of green stone fruit is by no means an innovation. Young Peaches, Apricots, and to a lesser extent Plums, have been used for tarts and conserves from early times. But what is not advo- cated is the wholesale thinning of green stone fruit before stoning, to save those left from dropping, 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 2 1892. raise the value by improving the quality of the ripe fruit, and ensure the commercial value of the thin- nings, and the preservation of the health, vigour, and fertility of the trees. B. T. F. ROSE SHOWS.— Mr. Bruce Findlay draws atten- tion to what he considers a nuisance, namely, that exhibitors of Roses should be allowed to sell any blooms before the show is over. I entirely disagree with him. Where the nuisance comes in I fail to see ; surely non-competitive exhibitors are allowed to do what they like with their surplus blooms, for what is there in many cases to compensate him for the expenses he incurs in showing, if he is debarred from selling his blooms? Simply because Mr. Findlay has at some time or other been asked to procure some blooms for a friend, is it in future to be considered a nuisance for an exhibitor to dispose of his blooms ? I for one say emphatically, " No ! What chance is there to sell at the close of a show, when everyone is turned out, before any plants can be removed ? J. G. Hill. Scotland. NOTES FROM EDINBURGH. The Botanic Garden of Edinburgh at this season is largely visited by the public, especially those who can spare a few hours to enjoy the retirement afforded by the Arboretum, now in its most pleasing garb of young foliage of many tints. In that part of the gar- dens there is great wealth of varied foliage just on the point of full development, consisting of sombre-hued Conifers and flowering shrubs ; and these together, with the very numerous hardy-flowering plants in rock garden and herbaceous borders, a lover of plants can spend hours in acquiring a knowledge of. The flowering shrubs that are most conspicuous at present are pontic and mollis Azaleas of every shade of colour ; Rhododendrons, Daphnes, Cytisus, Cra- taegus, Lilacs, and Gueldres Roses, and these are interspersed with dwarf Conifers, Retinosporas, Tews golden and green, also Aucubas and other choice ever- green subjects, which no doubt were planted with much judgment ; but like many other similar grounds, crowding comes on imperceptibly, and it is difficult to make np one's mind to thin out fearlessly. This reminds us of the controversy which has (uncalled for) appeared of late in the public papers regarding some clearance made in the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, where the ground has been laid down in turf ; and all who have seen this, and are capable of understanding right from wrong in a garden, will be pleased at the finished improvement, and what would add greatly to the beauty of this particular garden would be still greater clearances, and the increase of green sward. The temporary disfigurement would, of course, cause some amount of fault-finding, but in the end it would be pleasing even to the most fastidious, carp- ing critics. Many of the finest demesnes in the country are being allowed to go to ruin by neglect- ing to thin in time trees and shrubs which were in the first place planted thick to give shelter, but were never intended to be thinned too early. We could name many well-known parks and grounds planned by Brown, Loudon, Marnock, and others, where tree and shrub are grown so thickly together that they are past being dealt with safety, and will remain in a pitiable plight till, in course of time, they will have to be rooted out. Many who would wish to have a fine spring garden (after the style so finely done at Belvoir Castle), may be able to take notes of plants in vast numbers in this Botanic Garden which would meet the purpose indicated. Alpines and plants suitable for the wild garden and subtropical displays are in abundance, showing their true characteristics at the present time. Rhubarbs of many species are now approach- ing their best, and tor bold planting by lakes, margins of plantations, and positions where they can show their natural habits uncut and untrimmed, they form bold effective masses, some of the species attaining to great size. I admired a border that was filled with these plants, where they were set wide apart on purpose to show their natural forms. Rheum Collianum, R. palmatum, R. officinale, R. sibiricum, R. hybridum, were about their best, and others that were coming on formed a very interesting group by themselves. Rumex is a very distinct class, and many species were very telling ; exaltatus, com- pacta, aquaticus, and some others were very attrac- tive. Polygonums make a fine diplay. Some of those in full flower were bistorta major, alpinum, divaricatum, and Sieboldii ; Euphorbias, glareosa, glaucescens, Kunzei, were fronted with E. Lathyris and Cyparissias, all finely in flower. The dwarf Daphne Cneorum filled odd spaces with fine effect. Many species of Iris are well worthy of a place in any collection, however choice. Irises florentina, orientalis, furcata, nepalensis, prismatica, triflora, laevigata, amcena, and sikkimense, were conspicuous amongst others, which formed a delightful bed. The flowers of Iris are of much value for cutting at this season. Among yellow flowers, Anthericum chryso- bactron and Hemerocallis flava showed well ; Arch- angelica decurrens, Ferula conspicua, with peculiar foliage ; Heracleum gigateum, tall and conspicuous, with large heads of white flowers ; Inula Hookerii, a showy yellow flower ; and I. glandulosa, are all pretty plants. Saxifrages are in great variety, many of them being very dissimilar. Some broad-leaved and some small and mossy-like Hippocrepis comosa carpets the ground with its yellow flowers ; Orobus luteus, a peculiar bronze ; and O. coccineus, 1 foot in height, and possessing fine rose-coloured flowers, were in bloom. On one side of these important beds is planted a long line of the dwarf, compact Retinos- pora plumosa'aurea, which indicates how fine a plant this is for decorative purposes when kept dwarf, and associated with flowering plants. In the rock-garden there is a beautiful and in- teresting display ; and this quaint rockery, with its stone square boxes, contained many gems in flowers. Achillea argentea, dwarf, with white foli- age, is very pretty ; Aubrietias, in variety ; Dianthus fragrans, Orchis maculata superba, dwarf and creeping Phloxes, Heaths, Berberis, Iberis, forming sheets of white bloom ; Yucca, Lithospermum prostratum, Ranunculus of many species, Veronicas, Clintonias, and Genista pilosa, were conspicuous. One may inspect this charming spot every day, and be sure of finding something of interest. M. T. SuNLAWS. Sunlaws estate lies along the Teviot, about 3 miles south from Kelso, and 6 miles south-east from Jedburgh ; the old road passing between those towns runs right through the estate. Little more than sixty years ago a thick forest of Scotch Firs, mixed with some hard-wood, occupied the space where now stands Sunlaws House, surrounded by its beautiful grounds. The late proprietor, who suc- ceeded to the estate at that time, and died only two or three years ago, must have been a man of rare taste and intelligence. He made large clearances according to a well-defined plan ; all the hard- wood trees that were sound were spared. But he commenced a system of planting and beautifying which was continued till his death. The results are seen to great advantage now. Everywhere are met grand specimens of Oak, Ash, and Beech — clean limbed and healthy ; and here and there appear dark and sombre masses of Firs, show- ing what our ancient forests may have been like. But all around those, or mixed with them, are splendid trees of more recent growth, and in almost endless variety. The useful and ornamental are finely blended, and the selection and planting must have been conducted scientifically, for an unhealthy or badly-grown tree or shrub can hardly be found. There is a fine collection of Conifers. Much time and money must have been spent in making it, and the late laird must have been a thorough arbori- culturist, and must have had good men about him, for each species seems to have been planted in the soil that exactly suited it. I several times tried to form a list of the Conifers, but I was ever coming upon another species, and my list is still incomplete. The ornamental trees and shrubs are a magnifi- cent collection, and are beautifully arranged. The foliage is now approaching perfection. Since the third week of May the blossom has been worthy of a fairyland. The Laburnum (two kinds), the Lilac (three colours), the Gueldres Rose (three kinds), the Cherry (three kinds), the Elder (three kinds), the Hawthorn (a great variety), the Strawberry Tree, besides the Berberis, the Mahonia, and the heavily-perfumed Azaleas, form delightful groups in unexpected corners. I have seldom seen finer specimens of the Spanish and Horse Chestnuts. The pretty and peculiar Scarlet Chestnut (Pavia rubicunda) I have never seen attain, to the same perfection as here. But the Rhododen- drons are superb. You come upon them in pretty sheltered hollows, or in knolls of blazing colour, peeping from the woods down upon the Teviot. But the great show is the Rhododendron Drive. This is the chief drive through the grounds, and runs from south-west to north-east for a dis- tance of 2 miles, with some pretty turnings and windings by the way. A wide clearance has been made for the drive along the whole way, and the old wood stands as a fine background on either side. Some of the finer Conifers and ornamental flowering trees and shrubs have been planted in front of the old trees. Then along both sides of the carriage way, in front of the ornamental trees, and behind a grass margin of about 10 feet, run the banks of Rhododendrons. They seem to be of almost every known variety, and they run from the showy white of elegantissima to the purple of Amilcar and plum colour of Alaric ; or from the softer white of Cunninghamii to the deep crimson of Clothilda, through every gradation of colour. And the massive and compact trusses of bloom literally clothe the plants from the ground to the highest branch. A bank of healthy Rhododendrons in full bloom always reminds me somehow of a magnified and coloured coral reef basking beneath a tropical sun. Each plant exhibits its individual habit of growth. There are almost endless varieties of shape, colour, and size. But the beauty of the whole, when massed together, must be seen in order to be realised. These plants vary from 6 to 15 feet in height, and when a mass of them, extending to over a quarter of a mile, breaks upon the view, one stands in admiration. Sunlaws estate stands about 250 feet above sea level. It is about 34 miles from the sea, and the winter frosts are sometimes of great intensity. Yet the frosts do not seem to do much damage, if one may judge from the show of blossom this summer The soil is not of the orthodox sort recommended for Rhododendrons. It is light sandy loam, rather poor, but with plenty of moisture. One is often sorry in these days to see places which have been improved at great expense and. for many years, allowed to go to wreck by new heirs. That, fortunately, is not likely to happen to Sunlaws. Captain R. Scott-Kerr, like his late father, is an enthusiastic arboriculturist, and he has a worthy second in his head gardener, who, under a modest manner, hides the enthusiast ; and it is worth knowing that strangers may wander through the grounds at their own sweet will, and are courteously treated to any information asked regarding trees and shrubs. A. E. W. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTTJB A L. Scientific Committee. June 21. — Present: Mr. Morris (in the chair), Mr. McLachlan, Dr. Russell, Dr. Miiller, Rev. W. Wilks, Dr. Bonavia, Professor Green, and Rev. G. Henslow (Hon. Sec). Tea-plant attacked, by Fungus. — The fungus shown by Mr. McLachlan at a previous meeting proves to be Poria xylostromatoides, Berk. ; an undetermined specimen in the Kew Herbarium, evidently the same species, is marked, "The Tea Stems, Cachar, India." The remedies suggested were the rubbing and scrap- ing the stems, with the use of sulphur and lime. Carnations attacked with Hylemyia Grubs.- — Mr. McLachlan observed that the iDJury to Carnations July 2, 1892.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 21 was brought to his notice last autumn. The grubs lived beneath the rosette of leaves forming the crown of the plant, and also bored into the stem below the crown. The perfect female insect, having been now obtained for the first time, it proves to be Hylemyia nigrescens. End., allied to H. Cardui, which feeds in the flower-heads of Thistles. He suggests hand- picking as soon as symptoms of flagging is seen in the Carnations. Mr. McLachlan's note upon this snbject will be found in the Entomologist Monthly Magazine (sec. ser., vol. iii., p. 135). The committee will be glad if florists will observe when the Carna- tions appear to be first attacked, and record any observations they may make, in order to discover the best remedy in future. Ground Ivy Gall.— Mr. McLachlan exhibited three large green galls on this plant. They are due to Aulax Glechomse, there being one gall-fly in each. He observed that it was an undecided point whether galls are the result of mechanical puncture, or due to some secretion by the insect, as different kinds of galls are sometimes produced by different broods of the same species — as the root-galls and " Oak- of the British Vice-Consulate of Rochelle, respecting the ravages done by Termes lucifugus, a native of South Europe and North Africa. It was introduced about the end of the last century, and has now spread almost everywhere at La Rochelle. Many public and private institutions are in a dangerous state, as at the Prefecture the wooden beams have had to be replaced by iron. They have destroyed part of the archives, and it is found that it is useless to grow certain plauts in the gardens (as Geraniums), as the ants consume the interior of the stalks. It has been found impos- sible to destroy or get rid of them. Dr. Miiller re- marked that they had proved very destructive to Vines in certain parts of France. Mr. McLachlan added that another species (T. flavipes), which had appeared and done much damage in Austria, has now been pretty well exterminated. Mr. Morris reminded the committee that the white ant had once been imported to Kew in a log of the Copal tree, and that when old slave ships were left at St. Helena, after liberating the slaves, the ants soon spread over that island, FlG. 5. — STRAWBEBBY BOYAL SOVEEEION. (SEE P. 19.) apples " on the Oak. The latter surmise appears to be most probable. Injur// by Fog to Plants. — Professor F. Oliver has prepared and exhibited at the soiree of the Royal Society dried plants, as well as drawings, showing the injuries produced by London fog. Dr. Russell remarked, from some examinations he had made near the end of last year, that the amount of sul- phuric acid in the fog was even greater than had been proved to exist in the air at Manchester. Huskhss Barley. — Dr. Bonavia exhibited speci- mens of three kinds — white, green, and dark purple- coloured varieties from India. They were grown in Oude by the Rajah as curious, but were not market- able produce. He also exhibited a small variety of Horse-bean called "Bakla,"and specimens of the white " Gram," a variety of Cicer arietinum. Megacarptsa poli/andra (see fig. 4). — Mr. Bur- bidge sent a specimen of this remarkable Crucifer. It has twelve stamens instead of six, every one of the usual number being doubled. The fruit has two unequally-developed carpels, with a narrow dissepi- ment, somewhat resembling that of Penny Cress, being quite round and flat. It is a native of Western Thibet, W. Himalaya, Kumaon, at an altitude of 12,000 feet (Fl. of Br. Ind., vol. i., p. 161). While Ants in France. — Communications were received by Mr. Morris from R, S. Warburton, Esq , Potato Disease, and the Use of Sulphate of Copper. — Some discussion arose on this subject relative to the statement that on certain occasions, and probably on different soils, it had proved to be less beneficial than expected ; and that the question had been raised whether it did not render the soil injurious to plant life. Drs. Miiller and Kussell pointed out that the results might be very different if there were an excess of the copper-salt or of lime, as there might be not enough of lime to precipitate the former, resulting in an excess of copper- salt undecomposed in the soil. For example, Dr. Russell stated that he had taken the constituents of the mixture used by Messrs. Sutton, as stated in the limes, and found that the lime was not sufficient to decompose all the sulphate of copper, so that some of the solution had probably entered the soil. Secondly, the quality of the lime was an important point, as there might be an excess of caustic lime, which would probably be equally injurious. Moreover, the results might vary con- siderably according as the soil was naturally cal- careous or purely siliceous. In the latter case a deficiency of basic materials would very likely bring about an excess of copper sulphate as a residue. Thus, Dr. Russell observed, that the solution on entering the soil would not at first be decomposed, bat if lime or other bases, as magnesia, were present, then it would be completely decomposed, and the copper rendered insoluble. Dr. Miiller added the important suggestion that the action of the copper solution might be highly injurious by destroying the nitrifying organisms. The general question, there- fore, as to the possible injuriousness of sulphate of copper in the soil, becomes somewhat complicated. It was understood that experiments were about to be undertaken at Chiswick, where the above con- siderations would be attended to. ROYAL OXFORDSHIRE HORTI- CULTURAL. June 21. — The annual Commemoration Flower Show took place in the gardens of Trinity College on the above date, and the weather being all that could be desired, it was attended by a very large company. The gardens comprise about 4 acres in extent, and one of the arboreal features is a Lime tree walk of forty-eight trees, twenty-four on either side ; and these trees are supposed to be between 200 and 300 years old. Though so aged, very little development of trunk is made, as the trees are severely pollarded each year, to keep the heads within bounds. Formerly a line of Yews enclosed the Lime avenue on either side, but they have disappeared on one side entirely. As is usual, the exhibits were arranged under two spacious tents. The vegetables, which were remark- ably good for such a season, were placed on tables in the open, but under the shade of trees. A few classts were open to all England, one for nine stove and greenhouse plants in flower, and Mr. James Cypher, nurseryman, Cheltenham, was placed 1st with very fine and fresh specimens, com- prising Bougainvillea glabra, Stephanotis lioribunda, AUamanda grandiflora, an excellent piece of Draco- phyllum gracile, Pimelea diosmaeflora, Fbcenocoma prolifera Barntsii, &c. ; 2nd, Mr. J. F. Mould, nur- seryman, Pewsey, whose leading plants were Dipla- denia amabilis, Clerodendron Thompsons, Statice prnfusa, and Franciscea calycina major. Another open class was for six Cape Heaths, and here Messrs. Cypher and Mould were severally 1st and 2nd, the former having strong plants of Erica Massoni major, E. kingstoniensis, E. jubata, and the following varieties of E. ventricosa, viz., rosea, hirsuta alba, and Bothwelliana. Mr. J. F. Mould also had some very good specimens, and it is pleasant to see these once popular exhibition greenhouse plants being shown in something like their old form. Nine show Pelargoniums were also an open class, and Mr. C. Turner was awarded the 1st prize for this quantity of admirably-grown and bloomed plants we are accustomed to see from the Royal Nursery. Such varieties as Sister of Mercy, Gold- mine, Joe, Duke of Norfolk, Orient, Magpie, Out- law, and Spotted Beauty, were seen at their best. Mr. Turner also had a miscellaneous group of specimens, such as Magnate, Emperor William, Martial, Amethyst, one of the most distinctly purple of the show Pelargoniums ; Pluto, Frances, and several fancies. In the classes open to all, were two for Roses, one for twenty-four triplets, and one for twenty-four single blooms ; Messrs. J. Mattock and G. Prince, both well-known Oxford growers, took the prizes; the flowers were small, and consisted largely of Tea- scented varieties. Special prizes were offered by Miss Watson Taylor, for eighteen Roses, single blooms, and here Mr. G. Prince was 1st, and Mr. W. Narroway, 2nd. Another class in this division was for a table florally decorated for dinner, six by four feet ; and as three of these competed, they made a pretty feature placed crosswise in the middle of the cut flower tent. The best — decidedly the best, was set up by Mr. J. Mattock ; the Rev. II. A. Pickard, Oxlord, was 2nd ; and Mrs. J. S. Parker, Oxford, 3rd. A group of nine superb Orchids, staged by Mr. J. Cypher, was an object of considerable interest ; they were of large size and finely bloomed, and consisted of Cattleyas Mendelii, Sanderiana, Mossiae, and Warneri, Miltonia vexillaria, Oncidium macran- thum, Dendiobiums suavissimum, infundibulum, and thrysiflorum, and Anguloa Clowesii. In the class for four Orchids the only exhibitor was E. A. Beaves, Esq., Oxford, who had small but highly- creditable plants. In the members division for six stove and green- house plants, Mr. Mould was 1st, and Mr. J, Mattock, 2nd. The best specimen stove plant was AUamanda Hendersoni from Mr. Mould ; Miss Thomson, Stanton House, Oxford, with Anthurium 22 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 2, 1892. Scherzerianum. The best specimen greenhouse plant was a fine Erica Kingstoniensis from Mr. Mould ; Mr. Mattocks was 2nd with an Azalea. Chief among the flowering plants were the zonal Pelargoniums. In the class for six plants, Mr. J. Johnson, florist, Garsington, Oxford, was placed 1st, with grandly-grown and flowered plants, some of the best seen for some time, the varieties being John Bright, Robert Hayes, Hyacinth, Zelia, Eurydice, and Dr. Orton. Mr. J. Walker, nursery- man, Thame, came 2nd, with an excellent lot of plants also. Pelargoniums of the show type, double zonals (very fine indeed), Ivy-leaved, and variegated-leaved, were all very good. Fuchsias were represented by well-grown plants, but wanting a few more days to be in perfect bloom. Achimenes and Gloxinias were well represented. Foliage plants, generally represented by excellent Palms, exotic and hardy Ferns, Coleus, &c, were all well shown by various exhibitors. In the cut-flower classes, Roses, bunches of hardy flowers, Ranunculus— and Oxford seems to be still a centre for the culture of some of the choicer varieties — Pansies, Pyrethrums, and Iris were shown. Fruit. — The show of fruit was a fairly good one for the season. The best three bunches of white Grapes were well-finished Foster's Seedling, from Mr. Broadfoot, gr. to Col. Miller, Shotover; Mr. Robins, gr. to Col. Lee, Aylesbury, was 2nd, with the same. Mr. Robins had the best three bunches of Black Hamburgh Grape, of good colour; and Mr. Doherty, gr. to Lord North, Banbury, was 2nd. Mr. Robins had the best Peaches, in Dyniond ; Mr. Broadfoot coming 2nd with Grosse Mignonne. The best Nectarines were Lord Napier. Mr. Robins, and Mr. Neal, gr. to R. Southby, Esq., Bampton, were 1st and 2nd. The best Strawberries were President and Sir J. Paxton. Cherries were also well shown. Vegetables.— The leading classes for vegetables were those in which special prizes were offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, and Messrs. E. Webb & Sons, Stourbridge. Here Mr. T. Lockie, gr., Oakley Court, Windsor, was 1st in both classes, staging vegetables of remarkably fine quality in such a late season. Mr. G. Neal took the 2nd prize given by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, with a very good collection indeed, and Mr. Brock (gr. to C. D. Batt, Esq.), Witney, that of Messrs. Webb & Sons. Cucumbers were numerous, Mr. Lockie taking the 1st prize with a brace of perfect fruits of Lockie's Perfection. Of Kidney Potatos the best was Guardian, one of the Bedfont seedlings, early, and very hand- some ; the best Round, also early and very fine. Sutton's Seedling excellent early forcing Horn Carrots were shown ; the purple top Munich Turnips were admirable ; the best Peas were Sutton's Early Marrow, a large-podded early variety of the finest quality ; William Hurst and Exonian, both of very fine quality; and William I. It was too early for some other vegetables in such a retarding season. From Blenheim Palace Gardens, Mr. Whillans brought a very fine collection of bluish and pink Malmaison Carnations: the crimson Madame A. Warocque, Mrs. Moore, a large white self; Ger- maina, and Improved Miss Jolliffe. It well deserved the highest special award which could be made. RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL. Jone 29.— It was not a matter for surprise that the executive of this Society should have, the morning of their annual summer show, held on the above date, much misgiving. The previous night had brought one of the worst thunderstorms known for many years, that threatened a catastrophe rather than a success for the show. Happily the tents stood fast, and although the wind was somewhat wild and cold at times, and the sky overcast and gloomy, yet all went well eventually, and there was seen by the visitors one of the most gay and beautiful shows yet held by the Society. The site was this year shifted from the old deer park to the athletic grounds nearer the Kew Road— an admirable place, but lacking the fine trees of the old site, the shade of which was not, however, this year required. The show was held in four large tents, two for plants, one for cut flowers, and one for fruit and vegetables. During the afternoon the Duke and Duchess of Teck visited the show, and the huge band from Kneller Hall supplied the music. Groups— In the plant-tents very striking features were the fine mixed groups of flowering and foliage plants shown by various nurserymen. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, had a superb group of pot Roses, fronted by a margin of Eurya latifolia varie- gata, and backed by some fine clumps of Spiraja astilboides, Bumalda variegata, and those lovely white-flowered shrubs, Philadelphus microphyllus and Andromeda speciosa cassinefolia, the latter carrying long spikes of thick white cup-shaped flowers. Messrs. B. S. Williams & Co., Holloway, had a good group of flowering and foliage plants, a good specimen of Allamanda Williamsii forming a striking central object. Messrs. J. Peed & Sons, Norwood, had a bright effective group. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, showed a group, which included good Begonias, Gloxinias, a fine piece of Cattleya gigas, Caladiums, and numerous other foliage and flowering plants. Mr. W. Iceton, Putney, had a very large central group of giant Palms, with white Lilies, Hydrangeas, &o. A remarkably beautiful as well as meritorious collection of Begonias, Gloxinias, &c, was staged by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading. This included large plants of the pure white Gloxinia Her Majesty, also Duke of York, brilliant vermilion, broadly edged pure white, very fine ; and their new reticu- lated strain, large erect flowers of blue, purple, scarlet, and red grounds, heavily splashed and spotted white, very novel and beautiful ; also Bego- nias of the hybrid Princess Beatrice strain, so capital for bedding, pot- work, or winter blooming; Crimson King, 10 inches high, full of flowers, bright coral- red in colour; and Duchess of Edinburgh, white, edged rosy-red ; also a fine new Achimenes, Rosy Queen, large-flowered, in colour rosy-pink, strong grower, and very pleasing. Cut Flowers. — The trade showed largely, Messrs. Collins & Gabriel, Hampton, having a 7ery large and an effective group ; as also had Messrs. Barr & Sons, Covent Garden, Messrs. Cutbush & Sons, Higbgate, and others. All these collections were most attractive features. Orchids. — Mr. H. Little, Twickenham, sent a good collection of Cattleyas, Lailias, Cypripediums, &c. ; and Mr. H. Tracey, of the same place, had some capital Cattleyas, &c. Of plants in competition, the best half dozen came from Mr. Young (gr. to F. Wigan, Esq.), East Sheen, who had Miltonia vexil- laria, Epidendrum vitellinum, Aerides Fieldingii, Grammatophyllum Seegerianum, and Cypripediums Veitchianum and Lawrencianum. The next best lot came from Mr. Ryder (gr. to C. Young, Esq.), Richmond, who had good Cattleyas gigas var. Sande- riana, and Mossiffi, Oncidium Marshallianum, Mil- tonia vexillaria, Odoutoglossum Alexandra, and Cypripedium barbatum ; Mr. H. James, Lower Norwood, was 3rd. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — The best six flower- ing plants came from Mr. F. Mould, Pewsey, Wilts, who had a line fresh Clerodendron Balfouriana, a huge Phumocoma Barnesii, good Francisea caly- cina major, and Ericas ventricosa, Bothwelliana, Parmenteriana rosea, and retorta major ; Mr. H. James was 2nd, and Mr. Currey, Salisbury, 3rd. Mr. Mould also set up a large group of specimen plants. The best single specimen was a fine Statice pro- fusa, from General Annesley, Oatlands Park (the gardeners' names were frequently omitted from the cards) ; the second best being a large Anthurium Scherzerianum, sent by Mr. Parsons, gr. to T. Twining, Esq , Twickenham. The best specimen fine foliage plants were good Cycas revolutas, and a huge Eurya latifolia variegata. Ordinary fine-foliage plants were not exceptionally good. Paints were in abundance, the finest half dozen coming from Mr. Simmons, gr. to W. Cunard, Esq., Orleans House, Twickenham. Mr. Wilkes, gr. to T. Cane, Esq., Richmond, had the best six exotic Ferns, fair samples; and Mr. Young, gr. to Mr. F. Wigan, the best six, all very good specimens. Hardy Ferns were very good. Mr. Sallows, gr. to Miss Vaughan, Twickenham, had six capital Coleuses, well-coloured. Decorative Groups were specially good, but the large ones only call for notice. The winner of the 1st prize this time was Mr. H. E. Fordham, Twickenham, who had a light and very beautiful arrangement ; Mr. A. Brown, Richmond, was 2nd with one not less beautiful, but wanting rather in bloom. A fine group of show and fancy Pelar- goniums came from Mr. C. Turner, of Slough, and a smaller one from Mr. Baldwin, Hillingdon, with six show plants in superb bloom, Mandarin, Magnate, Goldmine, Cygnet, Symmetry, and Joe. Mr. Turner was an easy 1st, Mr. Baldwin coming 2nd. Mr. Turner was also 1st with beautiful specimen fancies, having The Shah, Ambassadress, Princess Teck, Delicatum, Mrs. Hart, and Mr. Thornton. Mr. Henry Little had the best six zonal Pelar- goniums, all in fine bloom ; and also the best six Ivy- leaf varieties, being very closely run by the more columnar plants of Mr. W. Furze, Teddington. The best twelve Begonias came from Mr. White (gr. to Mrs. Farnell Watson, Isleworth) ; another very good lot coming from Mr. Portbury, gr. to W. Froy, Esq., Putney. Gloxinias in three classes made a verv fine show, the best nine plants coming from Mr. Nunn, gr. to P. Rankin, Esq., East Sheen, who set up some of the very best grown and flowered plants we have seen. In another class for nine, Mr. Meaden, gr. to J. B. Hilditch, Esq., Richmond, had the best plants. Fuchsias were poor. It is, however, impossible to notice one half of the numerous exhibits in the plant classes. Eoscs. — The Rose show was one of unusual extent, the open classes having been extended to increase the display. It is very noticeable how often the Colchester growers do well at Richmond, and this time they practically carried all before them. In the class for thirty-six trebles, Mr. B. Cant was 1st, having, of dark flowers. A. K. Williams, Gustave Piganeau, new and fine Madame Ducher, Duke of Edinburgh, Alfred Colomb, Maurice Benardin, Le Havre, &c. ; of light hues, The Bride, Catherine Mermet, Violette Bowyer, Lady Mary Fitz- william, Souvenir d'Elise, Madame de Watteville, and Innocente Pirola. Of intermediate hues there were Marie Contet, La France, Marie Finger, Lucide (Tea, a beautiful colour), Mrs. John Laing, Madame Gabriel Luizet, &c. Messrs. Paul & Sons, Cheshunt, was 2nd, having new Gustave Piganeau, and Madame Issac Pierre, rosy pink. With twenty-four trebles, Mr. F. Cant was 1st, having the striped Pride of Reigate, Caroline Custer, Jeannie Dickson, Marie van Houtte, &c, good. Mr. B. M. Cant was 2nd. Messrs. Cant took the prizes in the class for twelve trebles. With twelve blooms, one variety, Messrs. Terkins, Coventry, was 1st, with fine Lady Mary Fitz- william ; Mr. C. Turner coming 2nd with Madame Gabriel Luizet. Messrs. Paul & Son had the best twelve Teas with Madame de Watteville, The Bride, and Marechal Niel ; Mr. F. Cant and Mr. B. Cant coming 2nd and 3rd respectively. The best twenty-four (amateurs) Roses came from Mr. Warwick, gr. to J. P. Kitchen, Esq., Hampton ; Mr. R. E. West, Reigate, coming 2nd. Mr. Hugh White, Highgate, had the best twelve blooms. Messrs. Jackman & Sons, Woking; Messrs. Rumsey, Waltham Cross ; and Mr. Will Tayler, Hampton, showed good collections of flowers. In the Rose tent were table decorations, baskets, bouquets, &c, in great variety. Mr. G. Wythes, Syon House gardens, showed a box of beautiful cut Orchids. Mr. G. Sage was placed 1st for a box of cut flowers, in bunches ; and Mr. Gardiner, of the Police Orphanage, had 1st prize for twelve bunches of hardy flowers. In a large class for these, Messrs. Barr & Sons, Mr. Hodges, Chiselhurst, and Mr. Sage respectively took prizes. The table decorations, baskets, &c, were of a very beautiful order, and too numerous to mention further. Fruit. — This was fairly good, the best collection of six dishes coming from Mr. Osman, gr. to J, L. Baker, Esq., Chertsey, who had good Black Ham- burgh and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, Masterpiece Melon, Grosse Mignonne Peaches, Brown Turkey Figs, and Elruge Nectarines. Mr. Waite, gr to Col. Talbot, EBher, was the only other exhibitor. The best black Grapes, fine Hnmburghs, camp from Mr. Ford, gr. to W. H. Ellis, Esq., Hounslow ; Mr. Osman coming 2nd ; but was 1st with capital Bucklands in the class for whites ; Mr. Ford being 2nd with Foster's Seedling. In the local classes, Mr. Sage had the best Ham- burgh for black, and also with good Buckland Sweetwater for white. Mr. Sage was also 1st with four dishes of fruit. Mr. Burton, gr. to J. D. Paul, Esq., Twickenham, had the best nine Peaches in Bellegarde, and Mr. Simmonds the best nine Nec- tarines in Lord Napier. Mr. Sage was 1st with two dishes of Strawberries, capital President and Dr. Hogg. Superb Perfection Tomatos were placed 1st for Mr. Wagstaff, St. Margarets ; Mr. Sage having the 2nd best. Vegetables. — These were in great quantity, but we can only notice the large collection of twelve dishes shown by Mr. Waite for Messrs. James Carter & Co.'s prizes, which were exceptionally fine ; and the same exhibitor's nine dishes in another class. These July 2, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 23 comprised fine Cabbages, Sutton's Seedling Potatos, Duke of Albany Peas, Gem Carrots, Leviathan Beans, Perfection Tomatos, King of the Cauli- flowers, Lisbon Onions, &c. Mr. Waite, for prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, had the best fifty Peas in Duke of Albany ; and Sir Edwin Saunders, Wimbledon, the best brace of Cucumbers ; and in another Cucumber class, Mr. Stroud, Twickenham, had the best brace. Florists' Flowers. CINERARIAS. The improvement effected in Cinerarias within the last twenty years or so has been very great, and instead of small poor flowers, we have blossoms large and well-rounded, close, and of great substance, with well-defined colours, insomuch, that the plants when well grown make a magnificent show; and especially is this the case with the French strains, which have blooms ranging from 2 too inches across. The habit of these, however, is not equal to the English, which are dwarf and compact, and send up fine heads of flower. Seed of good varieties can be obtained from any of the large nurserymen, and the present is a good time to sow, if plants are not wanted very early, in which case they should have been raised sooner. A good method is to prepare a pan by draining, and covering the bottom with rough soil, and then fill up with a light compost which has been finely lifted, when the whole should be pressed down quite firm, and made perfectly smooth on the top, afterwhich a gentle watering should be given, and in an hour or so after the seed may be sown. This should be done by scattering the seed regularly and thinly, and all the covering that ought to be used is a sprinkling of gilver-sand, or soil shaken through a gauze-wire sieve ; and if a sheet of glass is then laid over the pan, and covered with a sheet of tissue, and the pan placed in a close warm pit, the seed will quickly germinate. As soon as this has come about, the glass must be taken off, or the tiny plants will be drawn and injured. To keep them growing freely, they should be lightly syringed daily, and directly they are large enough to handle, prick them off; this can be done in pans or boxes, or the plants may be potted singly in small pots — the first-mentioned being the better plan, and the potting carried out later on. Two-thirds loam to one of leaf-mould, with just a dash of sand to keep the whole open, will be found a suitable compost. In this the plants should be potted as soon as they get into rough leaf, nsing 3-inch pots, which should then be stood in a frame where they can be kept close and moist, which will help them to start. As Cinerarias are naturally shade-loving plants, the frame should be stood under a north wall, or other situation where the sun shines on it for a short time only, which is better than shading the glass, as the plants get sufficient light. As a floor to stand them on, there is nothing equal to Bifted coal-ashes, as it remains always moist and cool, and the dampness keeps the plants healthy, and free from red-spider, to which Cinerarias are liable under less favourable conditions. The treat- ment requisite during the summer is to water care- fully, and sprinkle the plants overhead every after- noon, and when that is done the lights should be closed till the morning. As soon as the pots become full of roots the plants should be re-potted, as any check to growth will now throw them prematurely into bloom, which will prevent them increasing the size and strength of their crowns. Although most plants do best with firm potting, Cinerarias are an exception, and thrive most when the soil is some- what loose and friable. The size of pots most suit- able are 48's and 32's, and when the roots have filled them, liquid-manure should be afforded once or twice a week till they come into bloom. Clear soot-water is as good as anything as a manure, it being an excellent stimulant, having a good effect on the colour of the foliage, if not applied too strong or too often. As Cinerarias are very susceptible to injury by frost, great care must be taken in the autumn, if in cold frames, to protect them, and it is better practice to remove them to a light pit or house where they can be kept safe, at the same time guarding against any unnecessary forcing. A tem- perature of 40° to 50° they are sure to do well in, if mildew and insects are not allowed to attack them. The best remedy for mildew is sulphur dusted on the foliage, and aphis may be readily dis- posed of by fumigating with Nicotine. It often happens that in growing Cinerarias that some show exceptionally fine flowers of good qualities, and these should be set aside for seed or for affording offsets ; such plants, after flowering, should be stood in some cold pit or frame, and encouraged to make side shoots, which may be taken off, with some roots attached, and grown and treated precisely the same as the seedlings. If the intention is to save the seed, then the plants should be stood up near the glass on a shelf, or other light position, where they can get plently of air and be free from damp, that the pollen may ripen. J. S. The Weather. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant the aggregate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. ° - ~* 58. no u 8 a T" *. + o » s Accumulated. a d ja . i v <- U 3 + fl 1 CD O a '35 Sg a*2 a" o o otal Fall since Jan. 3. 1892 ercentage of possible Dura- tion for the Week. a) hi . 3 O. to s g £5 5 £ u o O -s S 9 s = . o a Q 1-. a; ■- o o ■«" ■«£ mz H »< 34 Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. Ins. 0 3 — 51 0 + 8 + 212 3 — 118 19-4 34 30 l i — 61 0 — 62 + 24! 3 + 94 11-5 25 34 2 5 — 69 0 — 6 + 186 6 + 95 106 24 j 31 3 3 — 91 0 - 14 + 210 7 + 89 9-0 36 , 38 4 3 — S3 0 + 33 + 250 3 + 80 8-9 32 , SI 5 4 — 9,'i 0 - 31 + 138 6 + 68 7-2 36 41 6 3 — 7^H~ A »\ Boilers, Pipe", Office and Exhibits— *^*Zlf <4 r^\ an<* a^ Stand 14, Group A, \ -?*S* <^N^ Fittings. International Horticultural Exhibition. W. RICHARDSON & DARLINGTON. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. send fob a PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE. W.C. SAVE HALF THE COST, PADvlIlL X BEDFORDSHIRE uMmuII u coarse and fine Is admitted by the 01 \/LD V A LM I "-Sfassrssar oILVLn oANU Quality obtainable in trie Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits which contain a practicallv in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordiniry cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rait- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE, Juu., F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds. 21-OZ. and 16-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 1200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. "BEST LINSEED OIL PUTT Y." GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfield, London, B.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 20,000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post free. Grove Works, Battersea, London, S.W. ; 15, VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W. ; and BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash, July % 1892] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 25 w. h. LASCELLES & go., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, 6UNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. HILL & SMITH, BEIERLET HILL, STAFFORDSHIRE, And 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON. 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Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office not later than Thursday noon. All Advertisements should be addressed to the PUBLISHER. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington St., Strand, W.C. SUBSCRIPTIONS. All Subscriptions payable in advance. The United Kingdom, 12 months, 15s.,- 6 months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 months, Ss. 9d. All Foreign Subscriptions, including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 months; Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post-Office, 42, Drury Lane, W.C, to A. G. Martin. Subscribers who experience any difficulty in ob- taining their Copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). 26 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [July 2, 1892. If you want to know THE BEST WAY TO POT YOUR CHRYSANTHEMUMS, send for " pHRYSANTHEMUMS, AND HOW TO \J GROW THEM." By C. E. SHEA, Es<). Post-free Nine Stamps.— H. J. JONES, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN AMERICAN GARDENING, WHICH INCLUDES :— THE AMERICAN GARDEN United In ONE. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY and HOR- TICULTURIST THE FLORAL CABINET POPULAR GARDENING Making the Largest, Best, Oldest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN OOURNALFOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England end Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 63. Subscriptions must commence from Jan. 1. E. H. LIB BY, Publisher, Times Building, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL and JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, London, S . W . , to w horn Orders for Advertisements and Subscrip- tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for lOd. (stamps). ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The "WORCESTER HERALD" is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the " WORCESTER HERALD " is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Applv for terms. SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. BOILING WATER OR MILK. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING COCOA BREAKFAST-SUPPER. CHAS. FRAZER'S EXORS.— Conservatories, Orchid-houses, Vineries, Greenhouses, Plant and Forcing- houses. Best Materials and Workmanship guaranteed, at Mode- rate Prices. Intending Purchasers waited upon by appointment. HOT-WATER BOILERS and HEATING APPARATUS, for large or small Greenhouses. Great variety of Garden Frames and Handlights kept in stock. All kinds of Garden Requisites. Poultry Appliances, Portable Summer-houses, Tool-bouses. Pigeon Cotes, Dog Kennels, and Rabbit Hutches. Profusely illustrated CATALOGUE, post-free, for six stamps. PALACE PLAIN HORTICULTURAL WORKS, NORWICH. TVTICOTJNE SOAP.— An effectual and speedy 1 1 Eradicator of Scale, Thrips, Green Fly, Mealy Bug, Red Spider, American Blight, and all Parasites affecting Plant?, without injury to Foliage. Price Is. 6rf., 3s., and 5s. 6d. ; 14 lb., 15s. id. : 28 lb., S5s.— CORRY AND CO., Limited, 13, 15. and IK, Finsbury Street. To be obtained through all Seedsmen and Florists. OFFICES : — 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. Igrixtilfuntt Hroitomifjt An ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE, of 52 pages and cover. Exponent of scientific and high farming ; advocate of co-operation in agriculture, in the supply of farm requisites, and the sale of produce ; organ of the Agricultural and Horti- cultural Association, the pioneer society for mutual supply of pure oilcakes, complete manures, reliable seeds, and imple- ments on wholesale terms. Specimen copy free. Subscription, per annum, 5s., inclusive of postage. Single copies Hd. each' through all Newsagents. 3, Agar Street, Strand, London, W.C. THE FRUIT GARDEN of the UNIVERSE. —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Chaffey Brothers), established and regulated by Government. OFFER an enjoyable life and OCCUPATION, a sunny and salubrious climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large capital ; pamphlet free. CHAFFEY BROTHERS. Limited, 35, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. J. E. M. Vincent, Chief Commissioner. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work. Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of — WATSON AND SCULL, SO, Lower Thames Street. London. E.C. FIRST-CLASS ENLARGED PORTRAITS from Life or from Photograph, well-finished by hand— 10-inch, 4s. 6d. ; 12-inch, 7s. 6d. ; 18-inch. 12s. lid. On mounts for framing. Send Photo and P.O.. or call.— FRANCIS & CO., 2, Creed Lane, Ludgate, E.C.(late29,LudgateHill). Estb.,1886. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mb. John Tukton, as Head Gardener to Mrs. Fexwick, Gate Fuiford Hall. York. Mr. Chas. Pkior, formerly Foreman at Woodhurst, Crawley, as Gardener to G. W. Medley, Esq., Winsford Tower, Beaworthy, Devon. Mr. Henry Reed, late of Belmont. Wimbledon Common, as Gardener to D. MEINERTZHAGEN, Esq., Mottisfout Abbey, Romsey. Hants. Mr. Joseph Hobson, as Gardener to Robertson Rodoer, Esq., Yewlands, Baustead, Surrey. Mr. William Holder, 7£ years Head Gardener, Appleby Hall Gardens, as Head Gardener to Earl Ferkebs, Staunton Harold, Ashley de la Zouch, Leicestershire. Mr, George Hall succeeds Mr. Knox, as Gardener to the Earl of St. GERMANS, at Port Eliot, St. Germans, Corn- wall. PARTNERSHIP— ADVERTISER has an OPENING for a PARTNER, working or otherwise. Freehold Nursery near London, now in good market work. Small capital only needed to enlarge. An exceptional oppor- tunity.—M., 27, Ashbourne Grove, East Dulwu-h, S.E. PETER LAWSON and SON, Limited, Edin- burgh. are in IMMEDIATE WANT of a competent TRAVELLER, who must have the requisite knowledge of the General Seed Trade. A liberal salary will be paid to a thoroughly experienced man.— Apply by letter only. WANTED, an experienced HEAD WORK- ING GARDENER, small place; wife to undertake Laundry, having thorough knowledge of the work. Excellent characters required.— Apply, HALL, Blackwell, Chesham, Bucks. WANTED, an energetic and experienced FOREMAN, to take charge of Fruit Houses and Kitchen Garden. Wages, £1 per week, with bothy, milk, and vegetables.— G. BETHELL, Ashton Court, Clifton, Bristol. WANTED, a steady young MAN, as FORE- MAN. Wages, 17s. per week, with bothy and vege- tables. Apply, stating age and experience, to HODGSON, Kirklees Park Gardens, Brighouse, Yorks. WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly experienced in the Growing and Forcing of Grapes (chiefly Muscats) ; also Roses (cut blooms) for Market. Good salary and encouragement given. — Write full details to D. C. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a good INDOOR MAN.— State wages required and full particulars.— H. ENGLISH, Clapton Nursery, Dear Clevedon. ANTED, a young MAN, for a Market Nursery, where Tomatos and Cueutnbers.'Chrysimthe- murasand Bedding Stuff are chiefly grown; must be well up in Cucumber and Tomato Growing. Also, a strong YOUTH, about 18, accustomed to Watering, Potting, and Tying, to assist above. Good wages; permanent situation.— JAMES HODGES, Springfield Nursery, King's Heath, Birmingham. ORCHIDS : JOURNEYMAN. -- WANTED, a young MAN, having a good knowledge of Orchids, for the Orchid-houses.— Apply, with particulars, to Mr. WARD, Longford Castle, Salisbury. \\f ANTED, a respectable MAN, to keep VV Lawns, &c, in order. Wages lGs. per week. One room unfurnished.— Mrs. KEMBALL COOK, Stanmore Park, Stanmore. WANTED, TWO young MEN, for Kitchen Garden and usual Outside Work. Wages, 155. per week, with bothy.— Apply, HEAD GARDENER, Mardtn Park, Caterham Valley, Surrey. WANTED, for a Nursery Office, a JUNIUS CLERK. Must write a good hand, have a competent knowledge of Book-keeping, and must be well recommended. One who knows the names of plants preferred. Small salary to begin with.— Particulars to JOHN STAt»DISH and CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. WANT PLACES. TO GARDENERS, AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. The Pressure upon our space at this season of the year is so great, we are compelled to state that advertisements received after 6 P.M. on Wednesday will, in all probability, be held over to the next week. Advertisers are cautioned against having letters addressed to initials at Post-offices, at all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. \\J ANTED, as GARDENER, a n V T without encumbrance, to look after WANTED, as GARDENER, a Man about 40, without family (or one child not objected to). Must beagood all-round working man. Wife required to assist part of day in house duties. Wages. 25s. per week, with rooms, coal, oil. and vegetables, if sufficient is produced from garden. Good testimonials required. — Apply, by letter, to Mr. CULVER, Maud Villa. Mayhill, Hughenden. rlucks. married man Town Garden, Clean Windows, and make himself generally useful. Wages, 20s. weekly, with comfortable Cottage, Fire, and Light, to a tuitable handv man.— Write, with references and experience, so S. W. A., Willing's Advertising Offices, 162, Piccadilly, W. ANTED, at Castle Menzies, an UNDER- GARDENER.— Must be able to sing Bass (or Tenor preferred), in an Episcopalian Church. — Apply, GEO. J. HAYNES, Camserney Cottage, Aberfeldy, Perthshire. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, not under 35, in a Market Nursery (Glass Department), mostly soft-wooded ; also good at Wreaths. — Apply, with particulars, to P. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, an OUTSIDE FOREMAN, or a good SECOND MAN, for a Nursery in the North of England. State age, wages expected, with full partioulars to NURSERYMAN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, Wellington Street, London, W.C. ANTJiD, for the South Coast, a WORK- ING FOREMAN, where Early and Late Grapes, Tomatos, Roses, Chrysanths, &c, are grown for Market. Sobriety and ability indispeisable. Preference given to one who has had experience in some of the growing establishmeuts around London. — Apply, stating experience and wages ex- pected, with copies of testimonials, to B. S. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a MAN, well up in Roses aDd Camellias.— Apply by letter, stating wages and ex- perience, to E. WEATHERILL, Woodside Nursery, North Finchley, N. ANTED, TWO CUCUMBER GROWERS. J. MIZEN, Ravensbury Nursery, Mitcham. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING and SONS oan at present recommend with every confidence several energetio and practical Men of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladiesand Gentlemen in want of GARDENERS and BAILIFFS, and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single-handed Situations, can be suited and have full par- ticulars by applying at Stanstead Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, S.E. SANDERS, St. Albans, oan thoroughly RECOMMEND several first>class HEAD GARDENERS. w Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thorough!]/ practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, Chester." RICHARD SMITH and C~0. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation. — JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. i>1A BONUS will be paid by Advertiser to c^ 11/ anyone giving him information of Garde ing changes that will lead to his appointment as HEAD GARDENER where not less than eight or ten men are kept. Highest references.— T. L. T.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Clarke, Head Gardener to the Earl of Lonsdale, I owther Castle, Penrith, can with every confidence recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man, experienced in all branches. GARDENER (Head), where one or more are kept, or FOREMAN in the Houses.— Age 27 ; experi- enced in all branches. Good charucter. — H., 34, Croham Road, Croydon. Jul? 2, 1892.] TEE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE. 27 C GARDENER (Head).— Age 38; married; a X thorough practical knowledge of all branches. Seven years in present situation. Leaving through death and break- up. The highest references for character, &c. — C. W., 15. Furzefield Koad, Blackheath, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working). — Scotch- man ; age 36, married ; thorough practical all-round man; eighteen years' experience; eight years in present situation; leaving through no fault ; highly recommended. — HEAD GARDENER, Spring Grove, Bewdley. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married ; fifteen years' good experience of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flowers, and Vegetables. Is an abstainer.— W. GRANTHAM, Dummer, Basingstoke. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44, married. Over twenty years' practical experience; thoroughly understands Grapes, Peaches, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Seven years' good character ; abstainer. — B. L., 43, Albany Road, Ealing Dean. GARDENER "(Head Working).— A Lady wishes to recommend a thoroughly practical all-round Gardener who lived fifteen years in the family ; only left owing to establishment being broken up through a death. — W. BROWN, 1. Stockwell Street, Cambridge. GARDENER (Head Working), age 46, married, no family, abstainer, requires re-engagement where others are kept. — Life practical experience in Growing and Forcing all kinds of Fruits, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vegetab es, and Mushrooms; also Kitchen and Flower Gardens, and Pleasure Grounds. Eight years' excellent character from last employer, and good references. — J. D., Myrtle Cottage, Wick Road, Hampton Wick, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38. Thoroughly experienced in all branches ; wifelaundress. Can be highly recommended bv present employer. Sir Alex. Wilson. Two in family.— GARDENER, Eastwood, Sydenham. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 25; ten years' good practical experience in the Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, &c. ; Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flowers and Vegetables. First-class references. Total abstainer. — A. COLE, Hextable, Swanley, Kent. GARDENER (Head WoRKiNGJ^Age 30, married ; thoroughly understands Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, and Flower and Kitchen Garden; good character and references.— P. FIELD, I, Upton Villas, Bexley Heath. Kent. GARDENER (Head Working), experienced and reliable. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend the above, who has" been nine years with a relative, now livinc abroad. He left solely on account of the place being sold. — APSLEY SMITH. Esq.. Fairlawn, Reading. GARDENER (Head Working), where two are kept; age 27.— J. Anderson, Gardener, Charman Dean, Worthing, wishes to recommend his Foreman, J. Skinner, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. Twelve years' experience. GARDENER (Head Working), or FORE- MAN, where several are kept. — Age 31, married ; a thorough Plant and Fruit Grower, including Pines, Peaches, Vines, Melons, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — T. A., Wetst Park Lodge, Mortlake, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married, no family ; eighteen years' good practical ex- perience in all branches. Good testimonials. Two South Keusington certificates.— H. LAURENCE, Albert Terrace, High Street, San down, GARDENER (Head, or good Single- banded).— Age 35, married. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gardener as above ; thoroughly competent, honest, sober, industrious, aDd trustworthy. Nine years' character. —TOM BROWN, Esq., Summcrhill, Dartford, Kent. GARDENER (Head, or good SINGLE- HANDED).— Vines Melons. Cucumbers. Tomatos, &c. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character.— A. BOOKER, 143, Steel Koad, Acton Lane, Willesden. GARDENER (Single-handed or Second). — Age 2t> ; experienced in all branches. Good reference. — E. L., 3, Beechlield Cottages. Bromley. Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise). —Age 30, married, two children, youngest, age 6. Would not object to cows. Two and a-half years' good cha- racter.—A. GROOMBRIDGE, Limpsfield, Oxted, Surrey. ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 29, married; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Eleven years' good character. Disengaged now. — W. FLEET, 2, Sherwood Road, Harrow. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 25. single ; well experienced in Fruit and Flowers. Good reference.— J. E., 41, Wellington Street, London, W.C. GARDENER good Single-handed, or Head Workinu, where two are kept.— Middle-aged, married ; life experience in all branches.— M. G., Mr. Raues, Market Place. East Finchley. GARDENER (Single-handed, or Head where two are kept).— Age 30. married, one child. Good character. Used to Vines, Flowers, and Kitchen Garden.— T. A., The Lodge, Kendall Hall, Elstree, Herts. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 25, single; understands Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Two years in last place.— BLUNDELL, Archbishop's Lodge, Addiogton Park, Croydon, Surrey. ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 28, tingle; understands Greenhouses, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens; six years in present place; character will bear strictest inve.stigat ion ; Churchman . — A pply , stating wages, &c, to J. THOMPSON, Woore, near Newcastle, Staffs. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given. — Advertiser can recommend a young man (age 25) as above. Married.no family; strictly honest and sober.— R. SMAILL, Gardener, Huusdon Bury, Ware, Herts. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age" 32~ married. Practical experience in all branches. Willing to make himself useful. Excellent references. — M., Mr. Fox, Hinston Grange, Saffron Walden. GARDENER.— Age 38, married.— A gentle- man wishes to recommend his Gardener, thoroughly experienced. — AUCKLAND, The Haven, Crowley Down, Sussex. GARDENER, good.— Age 46, married, three children. Seven years' in present situation.— A. E., 1, Holcombe Villas, Trevelyan Eojd, Lower Tooting, S.W. GARDENER (age 20), Outdoor or Second in Greenhouse.— Sir John JENNINGS desires to recommend an Under Gardener, steady, industrious, capable. Seven years' character.— W. NORMAN, 2, Madeira Vale, Stafford Koad, Bournemouth. /^ARDENER.— Age 23, single ; been used to "J Inside and Out; good character from last place.— T. R., Mr. Davis, Bridge House, near Norbury Station, South Streatham. GARDENER (Second). — A young man Cage 22) seeks situation as above; can be recommended by HEAD GARDENER. Walbertou House. Arundel, Sussex, with whom he has been for two years and three months. GARDENER (Second).— Age 27, single; experience Inside and Out. Good references. Six j ears' in present situation.— GEO. BOON, Thorncombe. Chard. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed), in a Gentleman's Garden. — A young man (age 22) seeks a situation as above. Several years' experience in all branches. Guol reference.— E. B., 26. Martin Road, Bromley. Kent. GARDENER (Second), where five or more are kept.— Age 22; eight years' experience ; three and two years' good references. — T. QUINN'ELL, The Oaks, Emsworth, Hants. GARDENER (Second), in the Houses.— Age 23. Nine years' experience in all branches ■ good characters. Bothy preferred.— S. FUNNELL, The Gardens Little Gaddensden House, Birkliampstead, Herts. GARDENER (Second, or good Under).— Age 27, single; Inside and Out. First-class testimonials aud excellent character from present good establishment.— F. J. K., 21, Farm Avenue, Streatham, Surrey, S.W. GARDENER (Second). — Age 24 ; ten years' practical experience in well-kept private places, both Inside and Out. Can be well recommended Bothy preferred.— FOREMAN, 20, King Street, Chelsea. S.W. GARDENER (Second, or Under), InsMe~and Out. Age 2.'. Good references.— J. SARGENT, The Gardens, West Lodge, Hadley Wood, Barnet, Herts. GARDENER (Under).— A youth requires re-engagementasabove. Good references. — M. PHILLIPS 3, Brooke Cottages, Lower Tottenham. GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 19; can be we 1 recommended; two years in present situation. — F. J. SMITH, Queen's Road, Newick Lewes. ' To Gardeners. GARDENER (Under), in a good Establish- ment.—a young man (age 21) desires re-engagement as above. Good references.— CHARLES STONEHOUSE, H. Ackerley, Esq., Burtholme, Wigan. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; three years' experience. Two and a half years' references. Willing and obliging. Gentleman's establishment preferred.— G. W 15, Munden Street, West Kensington, W. GARDENER (Under), age 21, requires a situation Inside and Out. Can have good character from last situation. Bothy preferred. Near London R. BARTON, The Rise. Sunniogdale, Berks. TO FLORISTS.— Advertiser has successfully Managed a large Florist business in a Northern town for the last twelve yea's; is of good address, with a thorough knowledge of the Wreath, Bouquet, and Decorative Trade. Will be disengaged in August.— J. J., 8, Park Road Wim- bledon, S W. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25; good references. — E. AXFORD, The Gardens, Longford Castle, Salisbury. FOREMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 24 ; over eleven years' experience in Fruit and Plant House, also House Decorations. Good recommendations. — J. GOD- DARD, Woodham Lane, Woking, Surrey. TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young -*- Man, a situation in a Nursery. Nine years' eood ex- ET \n Bu*"ng. Grafting, and Growing ol Roses, nffi„ ,? wDn' Clematis. &C.-H. W.C. Gardeners' Chronicle Omce, 41. W ellington Street, Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN (age 22), under a Foreman; „ ., T4"* yea™' experience in Stove and general stuff, market preferred _K. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41 Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. «"".»■ »*, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21- W five years' experience both Inside and Out. Goon' RoXwandCsa„orteh,ceo1rnn;eo™mmended--E- S" 126' Cb^™ JOURNEYMAN (Leading), for Flower and tT i lPleasu,re Gardens, or Flower and Kitchen Gardens — bight years experience ; can be very highly recommended.— H., Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a ZJ good establishment.— Age 23; seven years' experience- good character; total abstainer.- J. CARTER, 11. Canterbury Terrace, Maida Vale, Loudon, W. JOURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses, fj under a Foreman.-Age 22; nine years' experience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants ; nine years' good character — WILLIAM BOULTON, 119, Lower Thrift St , Northampton. OURNEYMAN (Inside or Out), or FRUIT GROWER for MARKET NURSERY.-Age 23- well up in Cucumber aud Tomato growing; five and a half years' good character.— WM. SMYTHE, The Gardens, Basing Park Alton, Hants. ' JOURNEYMAN, in a first-class private « Establishment; age 21.— E. Beckett, Gardener to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., M.P., will be pleased to recommend a most deserving young man as above who has lived under him for the past eight years.— G. ELWOOD, The Gardens, Aldenham House, Elstree, Herts. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out, in Private Gardens.— Age 18. Two and a half years' aood character. Bothy preferred.— A. DOWNES, Burkham Alton Hants. TMPROVER (Inside).— Age 19 ; three years' A experience; good character.— E. A. T., 123, Church Road Hove, Brighton. TO HEAD GARDENERS.— Advertiser will -I give £5 for two years' service as married FOREMAN in a good fruit-growing establishment; seventeen years' prac- tical experience; age 32; good references — FRUGTUS, Mrs Iieland, Adelaide Place, Castle Street, Canterbury. TU GARDENERS.— A Youth seeks a situation J- under a good Gardener. £b premium offered.— H. W. Miss Clare, Quatford. Bridgnorth, Salop. TO NURSERYMEN, &c— Situation wanted J- by a young Man. age 21. Five years' experience in Market Nurseries; boih fruit and plants. Four years' good character.— G. H., 43, Bramford, Wandsworth, London, S.W. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in a J- Market Nursery; used to Ferns. Carnations, Roses, Bouvardias, Palms, and the general routine of the trade.— S. H., 3, Alma Terrace, Park Road, Norbiton, Surrey. TO FLORISTS and NURSERYMEN.— J- Young man (well educated) ; four years' Hard and Soft Wood aud Shop experience, seeks situation where further experience may be gained.— PETO, Mr. Heath's, Orpington Kent. ASSISTANT, under Glass.— Age 10; three and a-half years in nursery in the Houses. Private or Trade.— D. H. MILLER, Fern Lodge. Uppertoa, Eastbourne rjARDENER'S HANDY MAN. — Glazier, VJ Painter, Hot-water Fitter; quick workman. Small job not objected to. Hour, week, or piece-work.— G., 55, Stockwell Green, S.W. pARTER or VANMAN. — A young man \J (age 29), married, one child, requires situation as above ; good references from army and last employer ; used to Furnishing. Fruit, &c— W. DILLIsTONE, 6, Wilton Road Dalston, N.E. CLERK, or to assist in Nursery Business. — Age 28. Accustomed to Plant growing, also accounts and correspondence. Highest references.— T. V. DEAN 578 Mile End Road, E. TO FLORISTS, &c— Situation wanted by a young Man, good at Wreaths and Making up. Good references. Near London preferred.— J. JUPP, Hadlow Road Nursery, Tonbridge. Kent. FLORIST. — A young Lady who has been apprenticed for two years to the Florist and Nursery Business seeks an engigement as IMPROVER ; good reference. A., Westira Cottage, Egham. HOLLOW AY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— For the cure of burns, scalds, wounds, and ulcers, this justly celebrated Ointment stands unrivalled. Its balsamic virtues, immediately on ppplication, lull the pain and smart- ing, protect the exposed nerves from the air, give to the vessels the vigour necessary to heal the sore, and confer on the blood a purity which permits it only to lay down healthy flesh in place of that destroyed. Holloway's Pills, simultane- ously taken, must assist the Ointment's purifying and soothing power. Together these medicines act like a charm ; no invalid, after a fair trial, has found them fail to relieve his pain, or com- pletely cure his disease. The combined action of the Ointment and Pills, in all disorders, is too irresistible to be withstood. 28 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jclt 2, 1892. AWARDED TWENTY PRIZE MEDALS AT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS AT HOME AND ABROAD. KEITHS PATENT BOILERS,™ CHALLENGE, VIADUCT, PYTHON, &c„ FOR. HOT-WATER HEATING, ' ' STAND FIRST," require no building work round them, are entirely water-jacketed, and heat from 50 feet up to 20,000 feet of 4-inch pipe respectively. Many thousands are in use all over the world, and the Boilers are unrivalled in power and economy. KEITH'S "PYTHON" BOILER, as illustrated below, has 1000 square feet of effective heating surface, with \~\ square feet of fire-grate area; heats about 20,000 feet of -1-inch pipe, and is the Most Powerful and Complete Sectional " Snecial " Hot-water Heating Rniler in t.hp \Vn»l,l Special " Hot-water Heating Boiler in the Woeld. This Engraving " illustrates the most powerful form of Boiler that has yet been made for Hot-water " Circulation." — Extract from Hood, on Warming by Hot-water, New Edition, 1891. KEITH'S BOILERS are almost exclusively used by Her Majesty's Government, at the Home Office, and for the Heating Work of the Prisons throughout the United Kingdom, in preference to all others. KEITH'S Patent RAMS & Self-acting, HYDRAULIC RAM-PUMPS, For Raising Water. The very Highest K Hyoraul" KEITH'S PATENT "UNIVERSAL" RADIATORS, For Hot- Water Heating. Made in One Piece, and in many Sizes and Modifications. No Joints to Leak. Thousands iu use. Manufactured under thirty James Keith's Patents in Great Britain, United States, and Canada. JAMES KEITH (C.E., Assoc. M.Inst.C.E.), Gas, Hydraulic, Heating, Ventilating, and Consulting Engineer. Established 1823. Contractor to Her Majesty's Government. 57, HOLBORN VIADUCT, LONDON, EC, ALSO AT EDINBURGH and ARBROATH. HEATHMAN'S HOSE, ANTIMONIAL BED RUBBER. Is Lightest in Weight, yet Strongest and Most Durable FOR GARDENS. 220 Miles Sold the last Five Years. Price Lists from — HEATHMAN'S HOSE FACTORY, 2 & 37. ENDELL STREET. LONDON, W.C. RICHARDS' NOTED ORCHID ££: PEATS, Loam, Sand, Manures, Bamboo Canes, Netting, Shadings, To- bacco-Paper, Insecticides, Weed-Killer, and allliarden Sundries, at the Shortest Notice. Special Railway Rates to all parts. The Horticultural Stores, 1, Belvedere Crescent, Lambeth, London, S.E. Chief Peat Depdt and Grounds— Ringwood, Hants. Samples and Price List post-free. BARB WIRE. CATALOGUES FREE ON APPLICATION TO The Longford Wire Co. (Limited), WARRINGTON. B0ULT0N & PAUL, NORWICH. NO. 60. -PORTABLE PLANT PRESERVER. 6 ft. by 3 ft. £2 0 0 1 6 ft. by 4 ft. £2 5 0 12 ft. by 3 ft. 3 2 0 | 12 ft. by 4 ft. 3 15 0 No. 73.-New Span-roof GARDEN FRAME. 4 ft. by 6 ft. £2 14 0 1 12 ft. by 6 ft. £5 14 0 8 ft. by 6 ft. 4 4 0 | 16 ft. by 6 ft. 7 4 0 All Frames made of selected Bed Deal, painted three times, and lights glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass. CUCUMBER FRAME LIGHTS. 6 ft. by 4 ft., glazed and painted ... 14s. each. Unglazed and unpainted 5s. Qd. each. Carriage Paid on Orders of 40a. value. No. 74.-THREE-QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. LADIE9 AND GENTLEMEN WAITED 4 ft. by 6 ft. £2 14 0 1 12 ft. by 6 ft. £5 17 0 APPOINTMENT I 8 ft. by 8 ft. 4 5 6 | 16 ft. by 6 ft. 7 8 6 BOILERS ESTIMATES ON APPLICATION CONSERVATORIES GREENHOUSES IN ALL STYLES. GLAZED VERANDAHS AND PORCHES To Suit any Situation. Of all makes and sizes supplied at ihe cheapest rates. VALVES, PIPES, and FITTINGS alwa?B In Stock. No. 75. MELON and CUCUMBER FRAME. 4 ft. by 6 ft. £2 0 0 8 ft. by 6 ft. 3 0 0 12 It,, by 6 ft. £4 3 0 16 ft. by 6 ft. 5 6 0 Wall Fruit Tree Protectors, Hand Lights, Propagating Glasses, &c. No. 77.-SMALLER SIZE FRAME, Similar to No. 75. 6 ft. by 4 ft.... £1 15 0 | 9 ft. by 4 ft.. ..£2 7 6 12 ft. by 4 ft. ... £3 0 0 Carriage Paid on Orders of 40b. value. Editorial communications should be addressed to the " Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to '• The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbury, Aonew, & Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Arthur George Martin, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, July 2, 1892. Agout for Manchester— John Heywood. No. 289.-Vol.XII.{st— } SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1892. [Regt. as a Newspaper. -J r RICE 3d* Post-free, 3Ji. CONTENTS. Amorphophalluscampanu- IllllH Botanical nomenclature... Cambridge Botanical Oar- den Chicago exhibition Cross-breeding, hybridising 4t Scotland Provisional names ,„ Rhododendrons, hybrid ... Rose, the Boses at Croydon Salicylic acid as a pre- servative for plants Culture versus nature Damper, automatic Dublin Botanical Garden Dublin University, tercen- tenary of Emigration Gaideners* Associations, delegates conference of Gardeners and surveyors Gloxinias. Suttons' Hong Kong, botanic gar- den at Kew Museum, new ex- hibits in Nursery notes : — Pegonias at Forest Hill Orchid notesand gleanings Phenologi'cal observations Piue fungus Plani portraits Plants, new or note- worthy Hebenstreitia eomo-a var Odontoglossum platy- cheilum Oncidium Bolfeanum ... 3i Edinburgh City Gar- 46 dens 33 Golden Acre Nurseries, Edinburgh 42 I Royal Scottish Arbori- 41 ! cultural Society Season, the dry 4t Societies : — 44 Ipswich and Eastof Fng- 43 land Horticultural ... National Bose 38 Ro*e Show at Earl's Court 37 Boyal Botanic ! Boyal Hortii ultural ... 37 Stevia aerrata var. 36 Strawberries, branching 45 Trees, newly-planted 44 Welt's Work, the 4ti Apiary, the Flower garden, the Forestry Fruits under gla*s 34 Hardy fruit garden Kitchen garden, the ... 35 ; Plants mil.T glass 34 : Orchid-houses, the ILLUSTRATIONS. Rev. H. H. DOmbrain 42 Views in Botanic Gardens, Tiinity Co' lege, Dublin 35, 43 Now Ready, in Cloth, Us. 6/*., " The Gardeners' Chronicle" Vol. XL, Third Series, January to June, 1892. The Publisher., 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. " The Gardeners' Chronicle " in America. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for 12 months. Agent for America, E. H. Libby, Manager, The Rural Publish- ing Co., Times Builling, New York, to whom American orders may be sent, ADVERTISERS will greatly assist our efforts to get to Press earlier, by forwarding their favours as EARLY IN THE WEEK as possible. LARGE MAIDENHAIR, in 24's, fit for stock, cheap; also SMILAX, in small 60's. JOHNSON and CO., Hampton-on-Thames. ORANGE TREES.— To be Disposed of, forty Specimens, from 5 to 10 feet, well set with fruit. For particulars address, W. CHAPMAN, Gardener, Bourton Hall. Totnes, South Devon. PRIMULAS ! PRIMULAS ! PRIMULAS ! 24th year of distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, Is. 6d. per dozen. 105. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price; also PRIMULA OBCONICA, id. each. Carriage free for rash with order. JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseriss, Coventry. ORCHIDS A SPEC I A LT Y.— Please write for New Illustrated Price LIST of well- established, healthy, and easily-grown plants. W. L. LEWIS and CO., F.R.H.S., Chase Side, Soutbgate, London. N. Nursery. Orchid Road. DAFFODILS FOR POTTING.— HARTLAND'S THIRTY-SIX VARIETIES for FORC- ING PURPOSES. A Card, giving names and prices per 100, post-free to all applicants. The Bulbs are now ready, and simply mnguificent. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, 21, Patrick St., Cork. For Present Sowing, SUTTON'S PERFECTION CALCEOLARIA. —The finest strain in existence. Sir Alexander E. Ramsay, Bart., Cheltenham, says :— " I have taken First Prize for Calceolarias from your Seed, the other competitors being nowhere. They all had quite a different variety of plant ; mine were the admiration of all visitors," Price of Sfed, 5s. aud '3s. Gd. per packet, post-free. BUTTON'S CALCEOLARIA "CLOTH OF O GOLD." — A pure golden-yellow self-coloured Calceolaria of robust yet compact habit, with immense trusses of flowers of the large-t ize and finest form. Price of Seed, 5s. and 2s. Gd. per packet, post-free. BUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. /CHOICE FRUIT ! — CHOICE FRUIT ! Vy Highest market prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HSNKY RIDES, Centre Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. WD. BUNDAY, of Covent Garden Market, • and 37, Exeter Street, W.C, is open to SELL on COMMISSION, TOMATOS, GRAPES, &c. Good references. JOHN COLLINGRIDGE is open to receive Consignments of Choice CUT FLOWERS for SALE, on COMMISSION. Highest references. New Flower Market, and 5, Russell Court, Strand, W.C. MESSRS. SQUELCH and WOOD, Fruit Salesmen, North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to REl'EIVE CONSIGNMENTS of GRAPES. TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, aud all kinds of HOT-HOUSE PRODUCE. Our business connections being amongst the best houses in London, we are in a position to secure the highest prices for all choice goods. Account Sales forwarded daily and chequee weekly, or daily if required. Empties and labels supplied. Reference. London and County Bank, Covent Garden Branch. LOVEL^Y^RKSHIRE^STRAWBERRIES. Well-iooted runners of Thury, Noble, Pax ton, President Queen, and others. Sample Packet, ■'■■/. Price LIST on application, W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield, The Best Present for a Gardener. VINES and VINE CULTURE. V The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition, just out. Price 5s., post-free, 5s. &d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. BUY DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS — Lowest prices in the Market. LILIUM HARRISII, TUBEROSES (the true Pearl), PAMPAS. SEA-OATS, FAIRY FLOWERS in all colours, SEA-MOSS. &0. F. W. <>. SCHMITZ and CO. (of Jersey City, America), Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, WellingtonStreet, London, W C. 160,000.- Special Offer of Kentlas. WICETON has a large quantity of the • above to offer, very reasonable, at from £7 10s. per 1000. Thumbs, well-established, £10 per 1000; in 60's, well established, at £30 per 1000. W. ICETON. Putney. 3.W. Sow now for eaily flowering In Spring. ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES. Eg" The finest strain of Pansies in the World. J|J Introducer aud Grower of all the leading Novelties. CATALOGUE free, on application. FRED. ROEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to — Messrs. R. SILBEKRAD AMD SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, E.C. N.B.— Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. WANTED, Cuttings of Jacoby, Vesuvius, Raspail in exchange for Queen of the Belgians, White. Or price by the 1 0 and 1000 to— COLLINS AND COLLINS, Cumberland Park Nurseries, Willesden Junction, Loudon, N.W. CARTERS' — THE BEST SEEDS. CARTERS' VICTORIA PRIZE CALCEOLARIA. CARTERS' BRILLIANT PRIZE CINERARIA. The finest Btrains in cultivation. Far in advance of all others. Price of seed in sealed packets, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. per packet, post-free. The Queen's Seedsmen, 237 and 238. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Many Acres of Lilies of the Valley ! TJANNOCH, Largest Grower of LILIES • OF THE VALLEY in the Kingdom, offers 3-year-old flowering Crowns for forcing, and 2 an.i 1-yea -old Crowns for planting out, of unsurpassed quality. Hundreds of testi- monials. Time of sendiog out, November 1 to May 1. Prices and terms on application. T. JANNOCH (Lily of the Valley Grower by «i ecial appoint- ment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales , Dersingham, King's Lynn, Norfolk. FERNS ! FERNS ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and Stove, 25 saleable sorts, 12s per 100; out of pots, 10s. Strong Seedling Ferns, stores, in variety, 6s. per 100. 50a. 1 er 1000. Large Adiartum cuneatum. AraliHs, Cyperus. all in 4b's, 6s. per dozen. Palms, Ficus, Hydrangeas, Is. each. Large Ferns, 10 best sorts. 5s. td. per dozen, in 48's. Adiautum cuneatum and P. tremula, extra she, in 2J-inch pots. 16s. and 2i's. per 100. Packed free. Cash with Order. J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughboro' Junction, S.W . Seeds for Present Sowing. DICKSON and ROBINSON'S Superb Strains of the following are unsurpassed : — CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, GLOXINIA, and PRIMULA, Red, White, and Mixed Colours, each Is. Gd. and 2s. Gd. per packet, post-free, EXHIBITION DWARF EVERGREEN LAWN GRASS, per lb. Is., post-free. Is. 3d. ; per cwt., 100s., carriage paid. Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE, post-free, on application. Seed Warehouse, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester. BARK'S SEEDS, BULBS and PLANTS. VEGETABLE SEEDS.— The best sorts only. Much valu- able information. Catalogue free on application. FLOWER SEEDS.— Upwards of 2000 species and varieties, all decorative kinds. Catalogue free on application. BULBS. — Gladioli, Lilies, Anemones, Ranunculus, Hyacinthua candicans, Tigridias, &c, for Spring Planting. LISTS on application. PLANTS.— Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunflowers, Double and Single Paeonies, Irises, Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions, &c. Lists free on application. BARR and SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, London. FOWLER'S LAWN SAND.— For destroying Daisies and other Weeds on Lawns, &c, at the same time acting as a Fertiliser, and im| roving the growth and colour of the grass. Price, in tins, Is., 2s. Gd., and 5s.; kegs, 8s. Gd., 16s., and 30s. CORRY and CO., Llmd.. 13, 15, and 16, Finsbury Street, E.C. Sold by all Seedsmen. Boulton & Paul's Outdoor Requisites. BOULTON and PAUL, Manufacturers, NORWICH. Every Requisite for the Kennel and Poultry Yard, Aviariea, Pigeon Cotes, Pheasantries. Requisites for the Garden, Park, Pleasure Grounds. Wire Netting for Game and Sheep. Iron and Wire Fencing, Gates, &c. Send for Illustrated CATALOGUES, post-free, on application. J WEEKS and CO., Horticultural • Engineers to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prime of Wales, H.M. Government Admiralty Department, War De- partment, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Botanic Society, Parks, and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE andPLANT MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by ua. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent: Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords. Galashiels, N,B. 30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 9, 1892. SALES by AUCTION. Thursday Next. SPECIAL SALE OF OKCHlDS IN FLOWER AND BUD, TREE FERNS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, July 14, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very tine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, comprising 5 grand specimens of Aerides Scbroderii, choice Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums, Masdevallias, well-grown Oncidiums, Ansellia species in flower from East Africa. Angrsecum species, &c, &c. Also a quantity of TREE FERNS from New Zealand. COOL ORCHIDS, 30 barrels of CRINUMS, received direct. &c, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next— Without Reserve. About 300 lots of well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, some of them Specimen Plants which have been so suc- cessfully exhibited at Metropolitan and Provincial Shows during recent years, by order of Mr. H. JAMES, who is giving up exhibiting, and having sold a portion^ of the Freehold Nursery, is compelled to pull down eight of his greenhouses and clear the ground at once, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL bv AUCTION, at their Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheap- side, Loudon, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 15, at half-past 12 o'clock, absolutely without reserve, about 350 lots of extremely well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, all in splendid health. Amongst the specimens, the following may be mentioned : — Cymbidium Lowianum, seve- J Cypripedium insigne (Lord ral fine varieties. Londesborough's variety) Harpophyllum giganteum I Oncidium suavis (Veitch's Brassia verrucosa variety) Vanda Lowii, a grand speci- '■ Dendrobium nobile nobilius men (Baron Schiller's cele- (good plants) brated plant) ,, Ainsworthii Also several plants of Anthurium Schertzerianum (hybrids), a tine plant of Glonosa grandiflora in flower (very rare), Sarracenias, Nepenthes, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. N.B.-The whole of the well-known EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS will be SOLD, on the Premises, the Castle Nursery, Lower Norwood, on THURSDAY, July 21, 1892. See separate Adverti-ement. Lower Norwood. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the well-known and valuable collection of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, which have been so successfully shown for many years at the leading London and provincial shows by order of Mr. HENRY JAMES, who is giving up exhioiting. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Castle Nursery, Lower Norwood, on THURSDAY. July 21, at )2 o'Clock, the valuable collection of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising well-grown specimen Kentias and other Palms, Stephanotis, a fine lot of Agapanthus albus, coming into flower ; splendid specimen Heaths, 6 to S feet through; Allamandas Hendersomi, Cathartica, grandi- flora, and nobilis; Ixoras, Ferns, 50 magnificent specimen Azaleas, prob*bly the best collection in the country; fine examples of Crotons, Anthuriums (a speciality at this nursery). Chrysanthemums, and other plants. May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. H. JAMKS on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 08, Cheapside, London, E.C. iStamford Hill. Preliminary Notice. ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE. Proprietor going abroad. By order of Mr. W. Owen, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, 106, Stamford Hill, N., the LAST WEEK in JULY, the Erections of 6 GREENHOUSES, about 3u00 feet of 4-inch HOT-WATER PIPING, thousands of PALMS, including several Specimens; and other Stock. Further particulars will appear next week. To ttie Trade and Others.- Dissolution of Partnership. Extensive SALE of NURSERY STOCK, at New Goldeuacre Nurseries, Edinburgh, on JULY 14, 1892, at 11 o'Clock Forenoon. MR. DAVID MITCHELL, Horticultural Auctioneer, has bten instructed by Mr. D. W. Thomson (owing to Dissolution of Partnership, and Alterations of New Glasshouses at New Goldenacre Nurseries) to DISPOSE of, by PUBLIC AUCTION, on the above date, the WHOLE of the MAGNIFICENT STOCK of PLANTS, consisting of Thou- sands of Palms of all sorts and sizes, comprising choice Kentias, Latanias, Seaforthias, Cocos, and Geonomas; beautifully coloured Dractenas. and Crotons in variety, Anthuriums, Pandanus, fine lot of Eucharis and Azaleas (including large number of Deutche Perie), Gardenias, Ferns, Orchids, Pitcher Plants. Stove and Greenhouse Climbers, Liliums, and Miscella- neous Plants in quantity. —Catalogues, in preparation, may be had from Mr. D. W. Thomson, New Goldenacre Nurseries, Edinburgh ; or of the Auctioneer, 6, Comely Bank. Cable Cars frum Hanover Street to Goldenacre Toll every few minutes. Plants now on view.— Edinburgh, June 25. WANTED to KENT, a PIECE of GROUND with 9ome GLASS, for Market Purposes. Apply, MATTHEWS, The Lodge, Aberdeen Hark, N. WANTED to KENT, on Lease, about 2 Acres of LAND, near good train service, within 20 miles of Covent Garden.— J. SHAMBROOK,Hamel'»,Buntingford, Herts. To Florists, cardeners, &c. TO BE LET, a most conveniently situated PLOT of LAND, containing about 23,000 superficial feet, clo:e to Kenniogton Park, with frontage to two roads; suit- able for a Florist's or Gardener's Business. As a whole, or in plot9, either on Lease for 7, 14, or 21 years, or Agreement for shorter term. — Apply to — Messrs. BRIANT and SON, 200, Kennington Park Road, S.E. FOR SALE, a FREEHOLD MARKET GARDEN PROPERTY, with Greenhouses and Dwelling- house. Private treaty ; going concern. Well situated for business; adjoining thriving town. Small capital. Apply to — WILLIAMS AND NICHOLSON, Salop House, Oswestry. 'T'O BE SOLD, a long established GENERAL JL NURSERY.— A rare opportunity for a man with mode- rate capital. — Address, B. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. O BE SOLD, the Business of a FLORIST'S SHOP and COMPACT NURSERY, all Glass, near Covent Garden ; or a PARTNER may be ACCEPTED. This is a chance seldom met with.— W. P., 6, Eastcote Street. Stockwell. To Nurserymen and others. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, the very productive FREEHOLD NURSERY GROUNDS situate and fronting to the Village Green, Car Colston, Notts, three miles from Bingham Station, on the Great Northern railway ; together with the extensive ranges of Glasshouses, in excellent condition. Residence and cottage, stable, &c. Total area, 3 acres. For cards to view and farther particulars, apply to Mr. THOS. NEALE, Estate Agent and Auctioneer, Wheeler Gate, Nottingham. To Fruit Growers, Nurserymen and Others. GOOD ARABLE and MEADOW LAND to be LET or SOLD. Close to the main road at Ponder's End (9 miles from London). Long leases granted. Rent, £12 per acre per annum, with option to purchase the Freehold any time during the first nine years. Several large Market Nurseries are established on the Estate. Full particulars of A. and G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End. LEYTON (Essex).— TO BE SOLD, FIVE GREENHOUSES, well-heated, and in good repair, standing on f acre of ground, viz., Span- roof, 47 by 18. 47 by 11, 45 by 13; Lean-to, 89 by 12, and 21 by 7$. Lease will be given of ground and six-roomed dwelling-house, and if needed more gtound can be had near. Man with small capital could do well ; good opening for jobbing.— Apply, SMAIL AND CO., 23, Lime btreet. London, E.C. PICTURESQUE ROCK SCENERY.— Form- ing Waterfalls, Lakes, and Streams, Ferneries, Winter Gardens, Alpineries. &c, as in hundreds of places about the kingdom, including at Aldenham House, Elstree, so faithfully illustrated in this journal of November 21, executed by PULHAM and SON, 50, Finsbury Square, London, E.C, and Broxbourne, Herts. Photo Illustrated Book sent for inspection on receipt of twelve stamps. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London. W. Rare Bulbs. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Zwanenburg • Nurseries, Haarlem, Holland, begs to offer the following rare BULBS :— Allium Kansuense, azure blue, Is. '3d. each. Anemone blanda, deep blue, 20*. per 100. Brodiaca coccinea, the vege- table fire cracker, 20s.p.li>0. Calochortus amu^nus, the pink C. pulchellus, a great beauty, 6rf. each. Chinodoxa Allini, new, very large flowers, 25s. per 100. Colchicnm Sibthorpi, 4s. each. Erythrouium grand iflorum, 18s. per 100. Erythronium Hartwegi, simi- lar to E. grandiflorum, but flowers are sessile, very fine, 25s. per 100. Fritillaria aurea, deep golden yellow flowers— a splendid bulb, better than F. Mog- gridgei, 18s. per 100. Fritillari* recurva, 45s. p. 100, Galaothus species albania, October flowering, Is. 9rf.each Iris Lorteti, the rose-coloured Iris Susiana, a splendid flower, 7s. 6rf. each. IrisSaari mazarena, with pure white standards and deep brown-marked falls, splen- did, 3s. 6rf. each. Lilium Grayi. 2s. 6rf. each. ,, maritimum, 2s. each. Scilla amt.pna alba, pure white, 8s. 6rf. each, Tecophyltea cyanocrocus (Chilian Crocus), Is. each. Watsonia iridifolia O'Brieui, pure wbite, 3s. each. Apply either direct to C. G. VAN TUBERGEN, or to Messrs. R. SILBERKAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, Lone on, from whom Catalogues may be obtained free. "ORCHIDST THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, HATE AN IMMENSE STOCK of ORCHIDS, All in the finest health and condition, And they are constantly receiving importations from various parts of the world. The Company earnestly request the inspection of their Stock by intending Purchasers. New, Descriptive, and Priced CATALOGUES post-free on application to the Company. THE VINEYABD AND NURSERIES, CARSTOH, »"« LIVERPOOL EXHIBITIONS. TRENTHAM and HANDFORD HORTI- CULTURAL SOCIETY will hold their FIFTH ANNUAL SHOW in Trentham Gardens, JULY 21, 1892. PRIZES to the amount of £:«U will be given. GROUP OF PLANTS. 1st, £26; 2nd, £16; 3rd, £12; 4th, £9. 48 ROSES, 1st, £6, and Special Value, £5 10s.; 2nd. £5; 3rd, £3. 38 ROSES, 1st, £5, and National Rose Society's Gold Medal ; 2nd, £3 ; 3rd, &l. COLLECTION OF FRUIT (9 Dishes). 1st, £10; 2nd, £6; 3rd, £3. 4 BUNCHES OF GKAPES, 1st, £S ; 2nd, £3 ; 3rd, £2. Schedules on application to— JOHN TAYLOR, Hon. Sec, Trentham. H~Tghgate^orticultural SOCIETY The THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL FLOWER SHOW will be held (by kind permission of Colonel Stedall, J. P.), in the Grounds of THE PRIORY, BIGHGATE, on THURSDAY, JULY" 21, 189;!. The Highgate and Barnsbury Brass and Hornsey Rise Military Bands will be in attendance. Refresh- ments supplied on the Grounds by Mr. G. Rogers. Admission :— From 1 till 3, 2s. erf. ; 3 till 5, Is. ; 5 till 8, 6rf. Children under Twelve Half Price. Tickets may be obtained of Messrs. Cutbush & Son, Mr. Burrows, Mr. Lipscombe, and Messrs. May & Co., High Street, Highgate ; and of the Secretary — Mr. A. DEMANT. 9, Bismarck Road, Highgate Hill, N. The above Grounds adjoin Highgate Station, G.N.R. HESSLE and HOWDENSHIRE HORTI- CULTURAL SOjIETY. The GRAND SUMMER SHOW will be held in the Grounds of TRANBY LODGE, HESSLE. near HULL, on WEDNES- DAY and THURSDAY, JULY 27 and 28. Valuable Money Prizes, besides Silver Cups and Medals. Open- Air Space to Let for Horticultural Sundries. Schedules may be had from — ERNEST M. CLARKE )„nn - M R. FALCONER JAMESON ( non* oecs* OALTERHEBBLE and DISTRICT (HALl- O FAX) ROSE SHOW.— THURSDAY, July 28. Schedules may be obtained from the Secretary — JNO. E. BROOKS, 4, Savile Park Street, Halifax. IVTORTHAMPTOIS SHIRE HORTICUL- -L> TURAL SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW, Delapre Park, Northampton, August 1st and 2nd (Bank Holiday and following day). £250 IN PRIZES. For best twelve plants, £15, £i0, £5, £2 IDs. Central Group for Conservatory Decoration, £tt, £6 £2 10s. Twenty-four Roses, £2, £l 10s., £l. Collection of VegetaDle.s, twelve varie- ties, selected. £i, £i, £l. Entries close July 22. Schedules and full particulars from W. B. TROUP, Secretary, Northampton. KINGSWOOD, ST. GEORGE, and WEST " GLOUCESTER FLOWER SHOW. KINGSWOOD, AUGUST 2 4, 189 2. £170 IN PRIZES. Schedules can be obtained from the Hon. Secretaries, F. H. JULLION, St. George, J. STUBBS, King^wood. Special Cheap Clearance Cash Offer. GEORGE ASHENDEN and SONS offer the following healthy BEDDING PLANTS, which cannot fail to give satisfaction ; — GERANIUMS. From 3-in. pots.From 4-in. pots H. Jacoby, crimson ... ... ... 10s. per 100 Vesuvius, scarlet 10s. ,, Bonfire, crimson ... 10s. ,, West Brighton Gem, scarlet ... 10s. ,, Madame Viucher, good white ... 10s, ,, I4s. per 100 Queen of the Belgians, improved finest white 12*. ,, 16s. ,, White Vesuvius, fine white 14s. ,, Candidissima alba plena, finest double white ... His. „ Jubilee, pink (new pink) 16s. ,, Madame Thibaut, finest double pink 10s. per 100 14s. ,, Mrs. Leavers, fine pink 10s. ,, Master Christine, tine pink 10s. ,, Surprise, salmon 10s. ,, Lady Chesterfield, fine salmon 16s. ,, Flower of Spring, silver leaf ... 10s. per 100 14s. „ Crystal Palace Gem, gold leaf ... 10s. ,, 14s. ,, Marechal MacMahon, bronze leaf ... 14s. ,, 18*. ,, Black Douglas, bronze leaf 14s. ,, Zulu, bronze leaf 14s. ,, Golden Harry Hieover, bronze leaf, tine 16s. ,, Mrs. Pollock, tricolor 22s. „ Lady Cullum, tricolor 22s. ,, Sophie Dumaresque, tricolor 22s. ,, Empress of India, fine, tricolor ... 16s. per 100 Ivy-leaf Geraniums, fine variety of best sorts ... 16s. ,, CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem, tine stuff, tis. and 8s. per 100. ALTERNANTHERAS. magnifica, nuieeua, and Paronychioides aurea, fine stuff, 5s. per 100. ASTER, New Victoria, in six finest colours, 2s. 6d. per 100. PYRETHRUM, Golden Feather, fine transplanted stuff, 2s. per 100; or 18s per 1000. Boxes and packing free. Terms, Cash with order. N.B.— 25 at 100 rate. The Nurseries, Wrothani Road, Gravesend. Trade Offer of Large Palms. WICEToN has a large Stock of the leading • kinds of Decorative PALMS from tf to 25 feet high, fit for Conservatory and House Decorations; Dracwnas, Bam- boos, and Foliage Plants. Lowest Prices quoted on application. W. I^ETON. Putney, S.W. COLLINS and COLLINS are offering to their customers the following FERNS :— Ad. elegans, in 3-inch pots, 30s. per 100; 5-inch pots, 9s. per dozen; Ad. decorem, in 5-inch pots, 8s. per dozen; Ad. scitum, in 5-inch pots, 9s. per dozen; Lomaria gibba, in 5-inch, 6s. per dozen; in 7-inch set, 2s. 6rf. a pair ; Pteris, in 5-inch, 6s. per dozen, Also SPECIMEN FERNS, prices on application. Cumberland Park Nurseries, Willesden Juuction, N.W. July 9, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 31 FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. L'HORTICTJLTTJRE INTERNATIONALE (Orchid Emporium), Leopold Park, Brussels. THE GRANDEST CHOICE of ORCHIDS in EUROPE. SOW NOW FOR SPRING THE DIRECTORS, Messrs. LINDEN, cordially invite Amateurs and Nurserymen to visit their Establishment. They willfind at L'Horticulture Internationale the Finest, Healthiest, and Largest Stock of New, Rare, or Popular Orchids in Cultivation. Grand Importations every week. LISTS and CATALOGUES on application. CINERARIA) SUPERB GIANT. The Choicest Strain in the Country. In Sealed Packets, Is, id., 2s. id., and bs. each. Price to the Trade on application. Forfull Description and Illustration, see Gardeners' Chronicle, January 2, 1S92. E. P. DIXON & SONS, HULL. A LL the Best Varietiesof MYO- A SOTIS (Forget-me-nots). SILENES, EAST LOTHIAN & BROMPTON STOCKS, WALLFLOWERS. PANSIES, FLOWERING. ( PRIMROSES, POLYANTHUS, &c. Per Packet, id., Is., and Is. id., post-free. DlCKSONSs'dSbCHESTER (LIMITED) FERNS a SPECIALITY. A mignificeot stock of Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Ferns, in 1400 species and varieties. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion. The most beautiful and complete 1XLYCJSTRATED CATALOGUE of FERNS (No. 22}, ever published, 2s. post-free. It contains 150 Illustrations, and an immense amount of interesting and instructive matter of great value to all Fern Cultivators. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., FERN NURSERIES, SALE near MANCHESTER. ORCHIDS. CLEAN, HEALTHY PLANTS at LOW PRICES. Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue. JAMES CYPHER, EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM. ARTHUR FLINSCH, LOSCHWITZ, near DRESDEN. LARGE PEACH GROWER In Hothouses and Open Air. Export of Fruit to all Parts. SAVE TIME!— SAVE TIME! BY USING THE IMPROVED WALL-NAIL (PROTECTED). NO CLOTH NEEDED. Trees, Creepers, &c , Trained in half the UBual time. Many other advantages. Price, id. p^r lb. : 14 lb., 4s. id.. Carriage Paid in London. 28 lb.. 2s., Carriage Paid in England. Wholesale Prices on receipt of Trade Card. Address— NAIL, 5*, WILSON STREET, FINSBURV, E C. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bushel ; 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. ; 4-bushel bags, 4d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. eacb. COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. Qd. per bushel; 15s. per half ton; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD. Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C. c HARMING MUSIC Fob SUMMER EVENINGS. CAMPBELL'S PATENT BROAD REED MELODEONS Have the Largest Sale of any Musical Instrument in the World. GRAND NEW MODELS FOR SEASON 1892. Highest Awards, Grand Diploma, and Gold Medal, 1891. £f 100,000 TESTIMONIALS. „© W ■ fctt Money returned if not satisfied. SUMMER MUSIC. Gardeners' Chronicle.'] THE " GEM " MELODEON, 6s. id. THE "MINIATURE" MELODEON, 10J. THE " PAR4G0N " MELODEON. 14s. THE " FAVOURITE " MELODEON, 16s. id. Sent, Carriage Paid, in Great Britain, on receipt of Post Office Order, as above. CAMPBELL'S, 116. Tron«ate, Glasgow. a a O s a VIOLIN MAKERS AND REPAIRERS CORNET AND BRASS BAND INSTRUMENTS (Ou n Mnke). We are the only Practical Brass Instrument -Makers and Repairers in Scotland. N.B. — All lovers of Music should at once send for our New Illustrated Privilege Price Li>t for Season 1892, now ready. 100,000 of these valuable lists sent out yearly. Send Id. stamp to CAMPBELL and CO., Musical Instrument Makers, 116, Trongate, Glasgow. Established 50 years. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, Manufacturers of ALL KINDS Of GARDEN REQUISITES. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, free on application. No. 22. Force and Lift-Pump, on Barrow. Cash Prices —Carriage Paid. With connections and strainer, but without hose, £4 10s. Suction or delivery hose, carriage paid with pump, 2s. 3 25' 6d- per doz ' m- per 100; from uay display. 8tore9( 105. per 100t Calceolaria. Golden Gem, out of pots. 2s. per doz.. 10;. per 100. Ageratums, in variety, in pots, '2s. per doz., from stores, 5*. per 100. Iresine, Lindenii and Brilliantissima, in pots, 2s. Hd. prr doz., 15s. ^er 100. Mesembryanthemum variegatum, in pots, 2s. §d. per doz., 16s. per 100. Trotia-olum, Dr. Mules, crimson, rapid grower, 3s. per doz. ; T. nain pygmei. scarlet, dwarf bedding variety, 3s. per doz. Begonias, tuberous rooted, for bedding, our un- rivalled strain, dwarf erect habit, brilliant large (lowers, mixed. 4s., 6s., and 9s., per doz. Musk, '* Harrison's," 3s. per doz. Geraniums, Golden Tricolors, 4s. and 6s. per doz. Mentha puleguim gibraltaricum, 2s. per doz. Heliotropes, 3s. 6d. per doz. ; Salvias. 12 in 6 varieties. 3s. 6d. Abutilone, 12 sorts, 4s. Qd. Fuchsias, 3s. per doz., 25 for 6s. 6d. Coleus, 4s. per doz., 25 for 6s. 6d. La tanas. 3s. €d. per doz. Suerulent* for In variety» •■«■ 9s- and l2s- Per doz- SS^ Echeveria metallica. 9s. per doz. ; E. aga- jseauing, su voides. 9s. and 12s. per doz. ; E. farino^a and Peacockii, 6*. and 9s. per do/. ; E. metallic^ ro-ea. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. each. Haworthia crenata, 6s. and 9s. per doz. Mesembryanthemum vulpinum, 6s. and 9s. per doz. Immense Collection, the finest varieties, all named and distinct — Show, Fancy, Bed- ding, Bouquet, and Singles — 12, in 12 splendid varieties, from any section, 4s. ; 50 for 15s., 100 for 25s. Tom Thumb Dahlias.— New Dwarf Bedders. in variety. Is. 6d. each, 15s. per doz. For everything required for the Garden at this season, see New Catalogue (No. 115), post-free. Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham. And Principality Nurseries, LlandudDO Junction. Superior Dahlias. I PI IRDAIJ'Q * 10&12,MarketSt.. > OLIDnAll O \ Manchester. o o Laxton's " Sensation. NEW VARIETY RCHID EXHIBITION, at Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. /~)KCHID EXHIBITION.— Now OPEN. / \RCHID EXHIBITION.— Admission Free. ORCHID EXHIBITION.— One of the most beautiful sights in London. ORCHID EXHIBITION.— A vision of loveli- ness unparalleled in Europe. /"ORCHIDS.— Must be seen to be realised. RCHID EXHIBITION, at Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment, 538, KiDg's Koad, Chelsea, London. S.W. TRADE OFFER OF PALMS. COCOS Weddeliana. in thumbs at 20s. per 100. ,, in60'i at 55s. per 100. KENTIA Fosteriana & Belmoreana, in thumbs, at 20s. per 100 „ ,, „ in 60's, ... at 60s. per 100. ,, ,, ,, in 48's, ... at 24s. per doz. ,, ,, ,, in 32's, ... at 48s. per doz. SEAFORTHIA Elegans, in 60's, at 32s. per 100. ,, ,, in48's, at £5 per 100. W. Iceton hag a fine Stock of Asparagus plumosus nanus, in 48's and 60's; Pandanus Veitchii, Dracaena Lindenii, and Ficus elastica.— W. ICETON, Putney, S.W. for 1892-93 An enormous second early variety, of good flavour, and pro- bably the largest Strawberry ever introduced. Fruit of the " President" type, but quite double the size; foliage and stems very strong, and the large fruits produced in wonderful clusters; altogether, a remarkable and distinct Strawberry, and appearances indicate that it will make a good forcing sort. Open Ground Runners £3 per 100; 123. per doz. (Runners, in small pots, half-price extra). LAXTON'S 'SCARLET QUEEN.' Certificated at R.H.S. Fruit Conference, 1891. The best first early Strawberry— very early — fine colour and shape, and the richest flavour. Mr. Divers, writing in the Gardeners' Chronicle, June 11, says, "he was surprised to fiud a ripe fruit in the open on June 3, whilst ' King of the Earlies,' usually the first, showed no signs of colouring, the flavour of ' Scarlet Queen ' being very good, and a variety likely to prove valuable as a first early." Mr. G. Monro, Salesman, Covent Garden Market, also writes :—" Far io advance of 'Noble'; fine flavour, and likely to make a marketable fruit." Mr. Geo. Bun yard, the well-known pomologist and nursery- man of Maidstone says :— *' lam pleased with your new Straw- berries ('Cardinal.'* White Knight, 'and 'Scarlet Queen'). 'Com- petitor ' is goo 1 this ^ ear. and stood the winter better than any." Price, £2 per 100; 83. per dOZ (in small pot*, half extra). LAXTON'S "COMPETITOR." An excellent and very large and prolific Strawberry, following closely on the heels of " Nob'e " with a distinct Aprnot-like flavour, and a wonderful bearer. Plant, very liardy and vigoro if. Price, £1 per 100 ; 48. per doz. (in small pots, half extra). LAXTON'S "WHITE KNIGHT." Certificated at Fruit Conference, 1891. One of the richest- flavoured and most distinct Strawberries ever sent out— a mid-season variety — scarlet on the upper and ivory- v.hite on the under sides. Possesses the "Hautbois' flavour. prices, same as for "Competitor." LAXTON'S "CARDINAL." Very large second early ; fruit sweet, plant hardy ; quite a distinct variety. prices, same as for "Competitor." LAXTON'S "LATEST OF ALL." The best late Strawberry, and the largest and best late variety. A seedling from " British Queen," but much later ; very distinct. Price, 12a. per 100 ; 22s. 6d. per 100, In Bmall pots. LAXTON'S "COMMANDER." One of the best varieties I have raised— from a cross between "British Queen" and "President." I can con6dently recom- mend this Strawberry, both for forcing and the open ground. Price, 8s. per 100 ; in small pots, 20s. per 100. LAXTON'S "NOBLE." Every season adds to the popularity of this wonderfully large and early fruit ; immense breadths of it are now grown by all the principal market growers. Price, 6s. per 100 ; in small pots, 16s. per 100. "JOHN RUSKIN." This variety is becoming very popular, on account of its earliness, hardiness, and fertility. Price, 8s. per 100 ; in small pots, 20s. per 100. AugusteNicaise. La GrosseSucree. Vicomtesee. British Queen. Sir Joseph Paxton. President. Albert, Captain King of the Earlies, Bothwell Bank, Marguerite. Dr. Morere. Stirling Castle, Sharpless, A. F. Barron. Waterloo. Countess. Unser Fritz Lucas, Dr. Hogg, Elton Pine. Jubilee, James Veitch. and all the best New and Standard. English and Foreign, sorts (about 200 varieties), true to name, and the usual forcing varieties in small pots, at reasonable prices, kept in stock. Usual allowance to the Trade, for Nett Prompt Cash. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS ON APPLICATION TO THE SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1892. THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, DUBLIN. T UST now, when the tercentenary celebrations *" of the University of Dublin, founded by Elizabeth in 1591, are taking place, we may specially allude to the botanical gardens beljng- ing to that time-honoured institution. The present Botanical Garden of Trinity College appears to be the third of its kind as attached to the University. On June 14, 1710, a site was assigned by the Board of that date for the erection of a medical school, and we learn on the best * of autho- rity, that the laboratory and anatomical theatre were erected at the south-east corner of the " Physic Garden," which at that time appears to have ocoupied the site of the present library, or, according to some traditions, that portion of the present Fellows' garden lying between the library and the Nassau Street boundary. About the year 1790, there was a pressing want of a botanic garden in Dublin, and a Committee of the Irish House of Commons strongly reported in favour of one that should be common to the University, the College of Physicians, and the Dublin Society, and Provost Hutchinson zealously endeavoured to have this plan carried out by Parliament. On June 6, 1791, at a board meeting, a letter was read from the Dublin Sooiety, asking the College to agree to the project of a joint botanic garden, and the reply of the Provost and Senior Fellows expressed a doubt as to whether the scheme could be enter- tained. Another attempt to form a garden between the College of Physicians and the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College likewise failed. In the meantime, Dr. Hill, the Professor of Botany, had rented some ground at Harold's Cross, for the purpose of a botanio garden, and he was assisted to some extent by the College. It was not until April, 1801, that a Curator was appointed, and his salary was fixed in March, 1805, at £130 yearly, out of which he was to employ two labourers all the year round, and two in addition from March to December. It is clear that the plants and the houses in the Harold's Cross garden were to a very large extent, if not altogether, the private property of Dr. Hill, for we find in the College accounts of 1803 the following entry :— " Dr. Hill, allowed him by the award of the arbitrators, to whom the cause between the College and him concern- ing the botaoy garden was referred, £618 19s. 8d." " From a statement of Provost Hutchinson, which remains, we gather that he was the means of securing for the Dublin Garden, through Sir Joseph Banks, many of the plants and seeds, brought to England from the South Seas by the THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, BEDFORD. * Dr. J. W. Stubbs, The History of the University of Dublin, from 1S91 to 1800, p. 182. 34 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdly 9, 1892. members of the exploring expeditions at the time." In July, 1806, the site of the present botanical garden at Ball's Bridge, was leased by the Col- lege for 175 years, at a rent of 15 guineas per acre. The present garden was commenced in the autumn of 1807, and consisted of about 3 acres of ground as represented to-day by the botanical portion proper, viz., that situated within the old walls, and the oldest and largest of the trees in this enclosure were mostly planted in the spring of 1808. So that the fine and graceful American Elm, the tallest tree in the garden, the Copper Beech, the characteristic Cedar of Lebanon, and the Italian Stone Pine, the Manna, or flowering Ash, the weeping Elm beside the pond, and other less notable trees, have all grown to their present dimensions in a little over 80 years. In 1832 an addition of about 2 acres was made adjoining the Blackrock Road, now Pembroke Road, so that the finest of the specimen Hollies, the weeping Beech, Pinus, Platanus, Oak, Arbutus, and Garrya here to be seen are only about 60 years old at the most, and show what has proved possible in a town garden in so short a time. The latest addition to the garden was made in 1848 by the further enclosure of about 3 acres, or less, which now adjoins the Lansdowne Road, this having been taken in " with a view to admit of a soreen being planted parallel to the older north-west wall, and thus afford sufficient protection against smoke, build- ings, &c." The last extract from a report pre- pared by the first curator and designer of the garden, the late James Townsend Mackay, LL.D., illustrates his ability and far-seeing knowledge as a landscape gardener, for on these two ad- ditions, and the exquisite fitness of their fringe of Ilex or evergreen Oaks and Hollies depends whatever is verdant and beautiful, and sheltered in the garden at the present time. From its commencement, the College Garden beoame an attraction under Dr. Mackay, to the most enterprising and studious of gardeners, and amongst others who graduated within its walls, we may mention Eraser, the celebrated landscape gardener and author of a road-map of Ireland ; the late Dr. David Moore, afterwards Director of Glasnevin Botanic Gardens, and his brother, Dr. Charlae Moore, now Director of Sydney Botanical Gardens, New South Wales, were also employed here in Mackay 's best days, as also at at a later date were the late Mr. Ambrose Balf e, afterwards secretary for many years to the Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland; Mr. Michael Dowd, and many others Mr. John Bain, A.L.S., who was Assistant- Curator in Mackay's time, afterwards succeeded him as Curator, and the gardens were much improved under his care. Altogether, Mr. Bain was over forty years employed in the garden. His keenness as a botanist, especially his critical knowledge of native plants, and his remarkable skill as a cultivator, were recognised by the most noted botanists of the time, such as Professor Allman, Dr. William Harvey, Sir W. Hooker, the late Mr. Jas. Veitch, Rev. Wm, Ellis, and Archbishop Whately, who for many years was a constant visitor to the gardens. At this time many then rare plants were grown here with a success perhaps never surpassed. Of such were Vanda coerulea, the true old Cattleya labiata and C. violacea Harrisoni, Renanthera cocoinea, Zygopetalum Mackayi. Mackaya bella (a shrubby Cape Acanthad, founded by Harvey in compliment to Mackay) (since called Asystasia by Hooker and Bentham in Gen. Plan.), Erica Mackayana, Saxifraga elegans, &c, were also introduced to public notice by Mackay. Here also Mr. W. Ellis and Sir W. Hooker alike saw Ouvirandra fenestralis, Dionaea Muscipula, Cephalotus follicularis, and the North American Sarracenias, in luxuriant health and beauty ; and the Cape Disa grandiflora, bore flowers as large, and as fine in colour, as Harvey had seen them on Table Mountain only a year or two before. Mr. F. W. Moore, now of Glas- nevin, also had charge of the gardens, and by his zeal and well-directed industry contributed to their present prosperous condition. Without undue boasting, it may fairly claim to be, in proportion to its size and general con- veniences, a garden as rich in vegetation of all kinds as exists elsewhere in Europe. The main drawback is its proximity to dusty roads, and to the smoke of the town. Its best features are excellent shelter — for reasons before expressed, a remarkably deep alluvial soil overlying a gravelly subsoil resting on chalk limestone, abun- dant moisture, and a climate much to be envied by those of more northern latitudes, or farther from the sea. Many plants only half-hardy elsewhere, even in the same latitude, here exist perfectly in the open air. Especially noticeable in the garden are the walls which, while giving shelter from the prevailing winds, also serve, in the conserva- tion of the rarer] of half-hardy shrubs, such as the Loquat, Carob Bean, Mutisia deourrens, and the Chilian Colletias; Australian Blue Gums, or Eucalypti ; the Japanese Wine-berry (Rubus phoenicolasius), " Winter's Bark " (Drimys Win- teri) from Magellan, and Wistaria from Japan ; Clematis alpina, a sort of shrubby Anemone, from Austria ; Veronica Hulkeana from New Zealand, and Berberidopsis corollina from high up on the Chilian Andes. Choisya ternata, Smilax lati- folia, Zizyphus (Paliurus) spina-Christi ; Sola- num crispum, and Mahonia nepalensis, also do well here. Here and there also various interest- ing rock-plants from the limestone or chalk, the granite from basal Cambrian, or old red sand- stone, are here grown in extemporised niches or " pockets " especially prepared for them. You may see the Pyrenean Ramondias so grown, also Edelweiss from the Swiss Alps," and Androsaces such as A. lanuginosa from the Himalayas. The last-named plant was first flowered in this garden by Dr. Mackay in 1842. Dianthus, Linarias, Erinus and Iris of many kinds are at home on these wall tops, and quite recently a special hollow plant wall has been erected for these and other denizens of the rocky places of the tem- perate world. A small pond fed by the Dodder River, is rich in Aponogeton and Nymphaeas, several of M. Latour Marliac's hybrid kinds having passed through the last winter unscathed. The great Gunnera manicata, with leaves 5 to 7 feet across, is here quite at home, as a'so are the red and green-veined forms of G. scabra. The plant-houses, eight in number, have been erected at different times, and although scarcely up to modern requirements, they are rich in plants for botanical and decorative purposes. Doryanthes excelsa has just flowered on a gigantic scape 10 feet in height. Barnardesia rosea, Solandra viridiflora, Ruscus androgynus, Trochetia Blackburniana, Theophrastra Jussieui, and Dracaena Draco also flower here every year. There is a small but representative collection of Orchids, including some rare species. On damp walls Pothos celatocaulis olings as tightly as if pasted, and there are collections of insectivorous plants and fine masses of the Killarney Fern (Triohonnnes radicans). Two of the rarest of plants in the garden are Xanthorrbasa hastMis, which has flowered here, and the still more rare X. quadrangulata, both healthy specimens. There is also a large and venerable specimen of the giant Cycad of the Cape, viz., Macrozamia Altensteinii. The strong points of the garden are its large herbaceous borders, now gay with many summer flowers. It is also pre-eminently a garden of hardy bulbous flowers of all sorts, Snowdrops, Crocus, Narcissus, Tulips, Iris, Lilies of many kinds ; and to see the Crocus or the Narcissi at their best here, late in March or early in April, is a sight not readily to be forgotten. Our illustrations show at fig. 6 (p. 35) a view of a pond overshadowed by a Weeping Elm with Aciphyllas and Yuccas in the foreground, yellow- berried Holly beyond, and Arbutus Andrachne to the right. At fig. 8 (p. 43) is shown a view of an old wall covered alluded to in the text. The photo- graphs were executed by Mr. Greenwood Pim. New or Noteworthy Plants. ONCIDIUM ROLFEANUM, Sander* At the recent show of the Royal Horticultural Society, held in the Inner Temple Gardens on May 25 and 26, an Oncidium was exhibited by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, under the nbove name, and to which a Botanical Certificate was awarded (see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1892, pt. 1, pp. 698, 700). Flowers have now been received of it, and it will, therefore, be advisable to place its characters upon record. It belongs to the Microchila section of the genus, and is allied to O. Kienastianum, Rchb. f., and 0. trilingue, Lindl. To the former, known to me by description only, it must stand very close, yet there are characters which, if correctly given, prove that the present one is specifically dis- tinct. The native country, too, may be different, as the present species is said to hail from Columbia, while O. Kienastianum was described as a Roezlian importation, " one might guess from Northern Peru." The sepals are brown, the upper one rather darker and irregularly margined with yellow ; the petals yellow, spotted, and somewhat barred with brown ; and the lip yellow, marbled with brown, and some dull purple on the basal auricles. The technical characters of this remarkable species are pointed out in the annexed description. It may be added, that several distinct species of this section of the genus have not yet been introduced to cultivation. S. A. Rolfe, Kew. Hebenstreitia comosa serratifolia. Under this name Mr. Gumbleton forwards us a spike of a curious and pretty greenhouse plant. It has nearly glabrous, sessile, lanceolate, deeply and remotely toothed leaves. The flowers are very numerous, and densely arranged on erect, cylindrical spikes, 6 to 7 inches long. The individual flowers are small (less than half an inch in length), with a peculiar structure, the calyx being represented by two boat-shaped, somewhat leafy segments, united at one side at the base, and of which one is larger and acuminate, the other, simply pointed. The corolla has a slender tube as long as the calyx, and expanding at the top into a relatively broad 4-lobed limb, from each side of which are given off two stamens, one above another, each with a one-celled anther, and whose central disc is occupied * Oncidium Holfeanum, Sander.— Raceme long, slightly branched. Bracts concave, ovate-oblong, subacute, 6 to 8 lin. loog. Sepals unguiculate. auricled at base ; dorsal one with broadly ovate acute undulate limb, 8 lines long by 5 lines broad, brown, irregularly margined with yellow; the lateral ones 10 lines long, paler, and without yellow margin, but otherwise similar. Petal* subsessile with broad base, ovate, acute, and with somewhat obliquely-reflexed margin, crispo- undulate, 7 lines long, yellow, spotted and somewhat barred with brown. Lip 7 iines long, three-lobed ; front lobe ellip- tical-oblong, obtuse or subacute, very undulate, yellow, marbled with cinnamon-brown ; side lobes rounded and upturned in the middle, forming a cavity on either side of the crest, yellow, margined with deep brown, constricted above the truocately-hastate dull purple base ; crest complex, yellow, with a few dull sepia blotches on basal half; in front are situated three oblong yellow appendages, the side ones concave and obtuse, the middle one bidentate, and prolonged behind as a sharp keel to near the base of the much-swollen crest ; at the summit is a pair of rounded calli, one on either side, and below these several irregular lateral teeth opposite the cavity formed by the upturned rim of the side lobes. Column .1 lines long, with minute lineir fleshy wings. Native of Columbia. July 9, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 35 by a broad orange-coloured blotch, contrasting with the creamy colour of the rest of the flower. The ovary is concealed within the base of the corolla- tube, oblong, green, with a little green honey-gland at one Bide at the base, and surmounted by a long linear strap-shaped style, projecting beyond the corolla- tube, and as long as its lobes, or nearly so. A single ovale hangs from the inner angle of each of the two cavities of the ovary. These details are not in- teresting, save to the professed botanist. Horticul- turists, however, will admire the elegant flower- spikes, with their densely-packed mass of orange- blotched corollas, which produce an effect similar to that of the more highly-coloured Mignonette, though produced by other means. The orange blotch acts of O. Rossii, O. Cervantesii, &c, though it possesses one or two anomalous characters. All things considered, I think it must stand next the Guatemalan O. stellatum, Lindl., which agrees in the absence of column wings, though that has much smaller solitary flowers with narrower segments. The white sepals and petals with the purple stain at the base recall in some respects a small edition of Miltonia Roezlii, yet the stalked lip and crest and other characters are unquestionably those of the first- named group. The large membranaceous rounded front lobe of the lip is white, covered with numerous light violet spots. The side lobes are reduced to an erect narrow margin on either side of the fleshy unguis, and terminate in an acute angle at the base CULTURE VERSUS NATURE.* " All knowledge is o£ use if applied aright ; no knowledge is of use if applied awry."— Prof. M. Foster. (Continued from p. 816, vol. xi.) We have all heard the story of the gardener who inquired of the philosopher " why the weeds grew more rampantly in his garden than the flowers." " You see," said the wise man, " Nature is mother to the weeds, but she is only stepmother to the flowers." Even this view is not ever and always right, because we know (as Dean Herbert told us long ago) that certain species of plants are not always happiest, i.e., most luxuriant and re-productive in their native habitats. For example, we can take the Scotch Thistle or the English Sweet Briar, both Fig. 6. — vibw in the botanic garden, teinitt college, Dublin, (see p, 33 ) probably as a sign-board to indicate the whereabouts of nectar. Thus directed in its course to the store, it must needs come in contact with the anthers, and remove gome of the pollen to be conveyed to the strap-like stigmas of some other flower. The genus, which was dedicated to Hebenstreit, a professor at Leipsig, who died in 1757, belongs to Selaginacete, a family which fits in somewhere in the neighbourhood of Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Myoporacese. Odontoglossum platycheilum. This very distinct and charming little Odonto- glossum was exhibited by R. J. Measures, Esq., of Cambridge Lodge, Flodden Road, Camberwell, (gr., Mr. H. Simpkins), at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on March 22 last, and was described and figured by Mr. Weathers, on p. 587 of the last volume. Nothing has been stated as to its origin, though I suspect it to be Cen- tral American, as its affinity is with the group of the pair ot acute tooth-like crests. It is a very interesting addition to the group. I append a full description of the plant.* S. A. Bolfe, * Odontoglossum platycheilum. — Pseudobulbs ovoid, \\ to 1J ioch long. Leaves narrowly lanceolate-linear, acute, cari- nate, 7 to 9 inches long ; scape not half as long as the leaves, at present two-flowered. Flowers large. Bracts ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate, 5 lines long. Pedicelled ovary sharply triquetrous, 1£ inch long. Sepals subconnivent, lanceolate- linear, shortly acuminate, strongly carinate, 1 inch long, blush-white, with a dull light purple blotch at extreme base. Petals similar, except in the absence of the keel. Lip ob- scurely three-lobed ; front lobe large flat and membranaceous, broadly ovate-orbicular, emaginate and obscurely crenulate, over 14 lines broad, by nearly as many long, white, with numerous light violet spots over its entire surface ; side lobes reduced to an erect narrow margin on either side of the fleshy unguis, and terminating in an acute angle at the base of the keels, pale yellowish-white, with a pair of yellow spots on either side; keels consisting of a pair of acute teeth, pale yellowish-white in colour; unguis six lines long. Column clavate, eight lines long, pale yellowish-white ; stigma suf- fused with pale dull violet, wings reduced to a narrow fleshy margin. B. A. Itolfe. great [nuisances to the Australian settlers ; or the south European Cardoon, which has completely over- run some of the great Pampas or plains of South America, to the exclusion of their native vegetation. Observation proves to us that some plants have a very wide range of climatic adaptability, such as the examples to which we have just alluded ; while on the other hand we have plants that rarely do well except in their native places, such as the Durian (Durio zibethinus) and the Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana). Again we have the Chinese Orchid (Phaius grandifolius) that is naturalised as if wild in Jamaica, and the matted and luxuriant Reed Orchid of Singapore (Bromheadia palustris), or the lovely Lycopodium cernuum that practically defies cultivation. Gardening is essentially an art of trying experi- ments, and this is so in part because our physical * A paper prepared byF. W.Burbidge.M.A., Curator, Botanic fiarden, Trinity College. Dublin, and read, in his absence, at the meeting of the Horticultural Club, Tuesday, June 7. 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 9, 1892. knowledge of plants is so imperfect. In a word, we have not yet learned that the laws of a plant's physical structure, formed as they are by climate, &c, must necessarily govern, to a great extent, its cultural requirements. Broadly speaking, gardeners know that a thickened epidermis (as in Cacti and succulent plants generally), means that they thrive in a dry atmosphere, and in sun- shine rather than in shade. The same is true of plants with thick woolly, or hairy or powdered foliage. On the other hand, Ferns of a thin trans- lucent texture, or delicate-leaved plants with a thin epiderm full of stomata, require a moisture-laden atmosphere, and more or less shade ; but there are thousands of cases where we can a priori know nothing of a plant's powers of resisting heat or cold, sun or shade, moisture or drought, except by actual experiment. You may collect two plants from a mountain-side, 10,000 feet or so in altitude, near the equator, and one will be perfectly hardy in northern Europe, and the other will die at the first touch of frost. Why this is we do not fully know ; but we may at least keep the question in our minds, and hope some day to solve the problem. I have said, that a priori we can never be per- fectly certain of the temperatures or soils most suitable for any one plant unless we are carefully told how it exists in a state of Nature. Even when this information is given, it by no means follows that our imitation of native conditions will prove to be best suited to the plant. As we have said, native conditions are not invariably those best for some plants, inasmuch, as they have thriven and increased better when introduced elsewhere. A good gardener i< in an analogous position to a good physician, and will prescribe for a plant quite as reasonably as does the physician for a patient totally unknown to him. It was until quite recently thought that unless a substance was in a soluble state, i.e., soluble in water in the soil, it could not be utilised by the plant. This view is now modified, since it has been found that roots themselves, and especially their growing points, secrete and exude an acid ferment that renders soluble or permeable many substances not actually soluble or dissolvable in water alone. In this way I have seen the underground stolons of " Couch-grass " (Triticum repens), bore straight through Potatos and other fleshy tubers or stems ; and only the other day I saw a shoot of Tropajolum polyphyllum that had come up through a brick that had happened to be in its way. In a word, the old story that roots follow the line of least resistance is not always, even if often, true. I am far from feeling that I have exhausted this great subject, rather do I feel that I have merely touched the hem or fringe of the question in a ten- tative kind of way. " Culture versus Nature " ig really a question to be solved by each one of us in onr own gardens, and I sincerely hope that these observations may be a help rather than a hindrance to our so doing. Summary. In conclusion it may be well to formulate a few of the observations in this paper, so as to facilitate discussion — that very life-essence of the reading of papers. 1. Cultivation is the most convenient method to enable us to obtain crops iu any particular condition, or place, and at the time when most desired. 2. From the human point of view culture improves Nature, even at her best ; but from the purely natural point of view, this is not always the case. 3. Culture is often best, easiest, and most profit- able in climates similar to, even if not actually the same, as those where the plants are naturally found. In any case, suitability of soil and climate (other things, such as cost of land, skilled labour, and manures being equal) are the most essential points in profitable cultivation. 4. Prejudice in plant-culture is not to be tolerated. The golden rule is to try experiments in planting under different conditions, and ba guided by the evidence of the plants themselves. 5. Human desires are mainly for succulent vege- tative growths ; large pulpy or sugary fruits or seeds in varying stages, as used for food, and flowers for use or ornament. But Nature's great aim and object, on the other hand, is a crop of fertile seeds.to perpetuate and strengthen the race. 6. Seeing that in nearly every garden there exist different conditions of soil, climate, shelter, aspect, &c , it naturally follows that we cannot dogmatise on cultural methods. Even in the same garden, methods of culture must necessarily vary, just as do the seasons themselves. 7. Successful cultivation is at its best a matter of accurate observation and careful experiment, fol- lowed by logical reasoning powers. 8. Gardening, then, is not altogether an empirical art, although best learned or taught by practice in good gardens, in addition to good reading or lectures and demonstrations i.e., practice and well-directed study are better than is either alone. 9. Wild plants are improved, humanly speaking, by culture ; so, on the other hand, cultivated plants, as a rule, either die out or revert to their type species if neglected or relegated to a wild state. 10. Note the nitrogen - fixing or accumulating power of leguminous plants. 11. Chemical analysis is nota certain guide to the vital action inside the living plant. 12. Plants may often be economically regarded as mere producing machines, and selection as an im- proving factor depends on some seedlings being better able to use up nitrogenous matter quickly than are others from the same parent. 13 Some plants have proved more luxuriant and prolific in other countries than their own, showing that plants in their native habitat are not always, even if often, at their best. 14. A priori we may have no evidence of a plant's elasticity, either under climatic variations or cultivation, but reasoning from analogy, and the instincts possessed by the gardener are generally enough to solve the problem. 15. Physical structure and the general appearance of plants alike suggest to experts a course of treat- ment, just as the signs of disease in a sick person would do to a physician who had to treat a patient to whom he could not say a word. 16. Roots are now known to have the power of dissolving substances by their acid secretions and exudations that are not soluble in water. 17. The main point is, for the cultivator to ascer- tain the dominant desires, so to speak, of the plants to be grown. Lime-loving plants are often peat- haters, and vice versd. A good analysis of soil will be a broad guide as to the dominant manures or other additions requisite for particular crops. Farm- yard manure, strengthened with chemical manures, is generally better than either alone, as we here secure the maximum of mechanical or physical, as well as of chemical stimulus. F. W. Burlidge. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. EULOITIIELLA ELISABETHS. "Queen Elizabeth of Roumania's Eulophiella." How does this sound in Roumanian ? In botany it is attached to a very curious and interesting plant, which Mr. Rolfe is unable to make fit into any known genus of Orchids. It has the habit of a Catasetum or Eulophia, with lanceolate plicated leaves, 2 feet long. The scape arises from the base of the young pseudobulb, is a foot long, and of a deep purple colour, as also are the boat-shaped bracts. The flowers are nearly circular in outline, sepals fleshy, stained at the back with rosy red, the tips white, in front like the petals — white ; lip broad, three-lobed, articulated to the column, white ; the anterior lobe bright yellow, with some bristle-like processes directed forwards. Near the base of the lip is a rather large fleshy semicircular callus, of a deep orange colour, and from which extend a pair of slightly diverging white keels, each terminating in a free tooth, tipped with orange. There is no trace of either spur or sac. From these and other characters, for which we must refer to the original description. Mr. Rolfe places the plaut in the subtribe Cyrto- podiese, near to Govenia. The genus is, however, not very closely allied to any other. A figure is given in the May number of the Lindenia, t. 325. Odontoglossum Pescatobei var. Lindenia. A vaiiety characterised by having either a single violet blotch about the centre of each segment, or two or three smaller ones close together in the same position. Lindenia, t. 329. Saccolabium bellinum. A Burmese species discovered and introduced by Boxall. Sepals and petals greenish-yellow, with numerous large reddish-brown spots, lip bag-like, white, with some purple spots on the interior, limb flattish, yellow spotted, edged with white. Lindenia, t. 330. Stanhopea Moliana. A new Peruvian species described by Mr. Rolfe in the Lindenia, t. 331. The sepals are pale yellowish- white, spotted with light reddish- purple ; petals white with ring-like spots ; lip white, purple spotted ; column winged, yellowish-white. The species is dedicated to M. Jules Van Mol. Teichopilia bbevis. A new Peruvian species described by Mr. Rolfe in the Lindenia, t. 332. It is a very attractive little plant, its greenish-yellow sepals and petals, with a few large chocolate blotches contrasting effectively with the broad white lip. The lamellse of the disc are yellow, and there is a faint stain of the same colour on the base of the front lobe of the lip. Cattleya Mossije Wagnebi. A grand example of this fine white Cattleya, and which Bhowed some deviations from even the best forms of the ordinary one, comes from G. R. Le Doux, Esq., Langton House, East Moulsey. Its petals are very broad, the sepals flat and not r«- flexed, and the large labellnm has an elongation and fringing of the front lobe similar to that seen in C. Mendeli. The plant was procured from the Tau'z collection, and its beauty has previously called forth remark. Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas). An example of a noble variety of this — one of the best examples of any Cattleya that we have observed, comes from the gardens of Gerard Orby Sloper, E-q , Westrop House, Highworth, Wilts. The spike bears six grand flowers, fine in form, of extraordinary siz», and rich in colour. Cattleya Mendeli Empress of India. A flower of this surpassingly beautiful variety is sent by R. Brooman White, Esq., Arddarroch, Garelochead. The sepals, which are broad and flat, are white tinged with lilac ; the broad petals are similar in colour to the petals, but bear up tbe middle of the extreme half a rich crimson band or feather, after the manner of C. Trianse Backhous- iana, and therein and in the glowing purplish crim- son of its fringed labellum consists the distinguishing features. It is very distinct, and not likely to be confused with any other variety of C. Mendeli. DlSA TRIPETALOIDES. This pretty species, and the fine crimson D. race- mosa, are now quite at home in our gardens, and are found to be even more free in growth and floweriog than D. grandiflora. Two dissimilar examples of D. tripetaloides have been in great beauty for some time in the gardens of Mrs. Brightwen, The Grove, Stanmore (gr., Mr. J. W. Odell). One variety has blush-white flowers, profusely dotted with dark rose, and the other is pure white, and the plant has seventeen fully expanded flowers, and nine buds on one spike. This spike, with just the addition of two or three fronds of Maidenhair, would make a choice spray for a lady's wear, its form for such a purpose being perfect. Odontoglossum LeboyanumX. In our last issue we quoted from the Beichenbachia what we now learn was an inaccurate statement. Jot-y 9. 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 37 The plant in question was obtained by M. Jacob, the head gardener at Armainvilliers, who effected the cross, raised the seedling, and finally had the pleasure of flowering the plant. A White Masdetallia. Messrs. Sander send us a photograph of a pure white form of Masdevallia Harryana grown in the garden of Henry Graves, Esq., of Orange, New Jersey, U.S.A. ; Mr. Rolfe has also received a flower. We hope shortly to publish an illustration and description of this valuable novelty. Nursery Notes. ♦ BEGONIAS AT FOREST HILL. Messrs. John Laino & Son have thousands of these wonderfully decorative plants in full bloom at the present date, and when a few days ago we were at Forest Hill taking the following notes, we were not at all surprised to hear Mr. Laing say that they were just looking their very best. It is almost needless to talk of the improvement that Messrs. Laing and other well-known raisers have effected in this genus, as any one who takes the slightest interest in horticulture has been surprised again and again at the wonderful " novelties " that this firm and that firm have introduced. The progress has been just as great in the double as in the single- flowered section, and vice versa. Success after success following efforts directed toward improving the flower in form, in substance, and in colour, it at last became imperative to turn the attention to the stem and general habit of the plant. Until now, no grower can be found who does not make the " habit " of his strain the first consideration. The following varieties are some that especially attracted our attention amongst an unlimited number almost equally meritorious. Doubles. — Although the single section create a greater blaze of colour, and are perhaps rather more decorative, the double varieties are the most pleas- ing when studied on the individual plant, and one of the prettiest varieties in this section is the new " Picotee," which has large erect flowers of a creamy white, and the margin of the petals or florets are bright pink, giving it quite a Picotee appearance. Lady Theodora Guest, is another new one, with large Camellia- like blooms of an Apricot salmon colour. A very pretty variety is Lady Gertrude, with flowers of salmon pink, and possessing a white centre. Sir Trevor Lawrence is an extra fine brilliant crimson ; it has large flowers, and has erect habit. This is by far the best of the double crimsons. A very floriferous variety is the new Duke of Fife, the blossoms are rosy crimson, large and erect. Lady Dorrington has all the delicacy of a blush-pink, but the flowers are very large, and belong to the Camellia- formed section. Another Camellia-like bloom is that of Mrs. Hudson, a variety named only this year, with deep magenta-rose- coloured blossoms. Lady Wantage is also new ; it is rosy-pink, and is very persistent. Baron Schroder is a scarlet one, of three years only; it is a fine variety, erect and free. Laing's Triumph is the largest double yet produced ; the flowers are a bright coral colour. Laing's Rosebud is the perfec- tion as yet reached of another kind of bloom, viz., the rose section ; it opens almost exactly like a Rose, and is a delicate blush-pink. The last double that we can mention is that which was named last week, in honour of an old and successful Begonia- grower and raiser, Mr. W. Clifford : it is very large, belongs to the Camellia type, and the colour a deep rose. Singles. — The first of the singles we were obliged to notice was Mrs. J. Chamberlain, introduced last year; it is large and good, and colour a delicate blush. Avalanche has very pure white flowers, and are exceptionally large. Constance, another white, is wonderfully floriferous, and presented quite a picture of beauty. Lady Foley is a suffused salmon variety, with dark centre very distinct. Delicatis- sima (improved), exceedingly delicate blush, edged with pink or rose, and flowers large. Duchess of Westminster, of last year, is a very fine variety ; the centre is nearly white, with a good band of rose. Leah (improved) ; this a golden-yellow variety, much larger and a deeper colour than that of the same name raised two years ago. Sir Thos. Payne is a good deep glowing crimson, of exceptionally good habit. A fine golden-bronze variety is that of Miss E. F. Backlaws, the foliage of which is also prettily marked. Leviathan, brought out three years ago, is the largest of any of the aingle-flowered kinds. Its flowers are rose-coloured, and its habit very strong. Lady Whitehead, introduced last year, had large Bpikes, carrying five or six flowers of a charming rose colour, with blush centre ; it is a very strong grower. Lady Pigott is a new and a first-rate free-flowering variety ; flowers are a beautiful shade of salmon. Duchess of Leinster is also a new variety, and very strong growing ; its flowers are a beautiful orange colour, and the plant is exceedingly striking. Mr. E. G. Hill, a salmon-rose of last year, is a dwarf grower of remarkably good habit. Darkest Africa, as its name would suggest, is the darkest-coloured flower yet obtained. Mrs. Blundell Maple is a fine bronze-orange, of exceptional merit and beauty. There are, of course, a great number of seedlings that have not yet received any name by which they can be known, but which are quite deserving of such, and are only awaiting the firm's opportunity of dealing with them. One of the prettiest was a strong-growing variety of a charming blush-pink or flesh-colour. Another was a rosy-pink flower of enormous size and good habit, and a third had large primrose-yellow coloured flowers, likewise of good habit. Theie are also some double varieties that from their pendulous habit, are especially suitable for baskets, the best perhaps of which are Alice Manning, primrose-yellow ; Richardson's Favourite, crimson- scarlet ; and Alba Rosea, a rosy-pink variety with white centre. Messrs. Laing have almost finished planting for their summer and autumn display outside, where upwards of 300,000 plants are used, and where one of the finest sights to be seen, may be witnessed duriDg August and September, when anyone who may go to see them will feel amply repaid. EOSES AT CROYDON. " Multcm in parvo ! " might well be inscribed upon the entrance to Mr. C. J. Grahame's beautiful Surrey garden, the owner of which fought so successfully the battle of the small men with the National Rose Society. It is not, as might be imagined, a garden of Roses alone, for, like all true gardeners, Mr. Grahame is not a "one plant" worshipper, but is catholic in his horticultural tastes. Although the place is of small extent, a great deal of pleasure is obtained from it at almost all seasons. Beginning with Snowdrops, Chionodoxas, Scillas, and Daffodils, and going on to May- flowering Tulips and Irises, then Roses, followed by Lilies (and what vigorous clumps of these he has !), Delphiniums, Anemone japonica, Harpaliums, and a multiplicity of other plants, and all of which are well attended to. On June 25, some of Mr. Grahame's Roses were in splendid condition, especially the varieties A. K. Williams and Edith Gifford, and fit for exhibition were the following :— Gustave Piganeau, Margaret Dick- son, La France, Dapny Jamain, Prince Camille de Rohan, Grace Darling, Marie Baumann, Charles Lefebvre, Mrs. George Dickson, Victor Hugo, Duke of Wellington, Gabrielle Luizet. Heinrich Schultheiss, Marie van Houtte, Anna Olivier, and Madame Hoste ; so that it will be perceived Mr. Grahame could have put up an eighteen box on June 25, although it is called a late season in most places. I noticed in his front garden a very fine bush of Rose Blairii No. 2, literally laden with its bluBh-pink very large and double flowers, some 200 of which were on view, to arrest the warm admiration of passers by. I gleaned one or two little interesting facts from Mr. Grahame anent this old favourite that may be worthy of putting on record. For growing of this Rose, the information may not be thrown away by stating the fact that it will not stand any- thing but light-pruning, otherwise it will not bloom. A singular fact I noticed (as exemplified in this particular tree) is, that the Briar grows equally with the rose, both developing unusual size. Because so little pruning is necessary with this variety, it makes a fine pillar or climbing Rose. J. B. NEW EXHIBITS IN THE KEW MUSEUMS. Among the most important of recent additions to the Museum of the Royal Gardens, Kew, is a very fine collection, illustrating the very varied uses of Bamboos in Japan. This interesting collection, which has been presented by Mr. Charles Holme, F.L S., who got it together during a residence in Japan, has been arranged in special cases in Museum No. 3, where it will no doubt prove a source of great attraction during the summer. Comparing the uses of Bamboo in Japan with those of other countries — as, for instance, India, Burma, and China — Mr. Holmes says these uses are in divers respects more limited in Japan than in some other countries. Un- like the people of India and Burma, the Japanese do not build houses of Bamboo, neither do they make bridges, nor boats with sails complete, as do the people of Formosa ; nor chairs, nor couches, and paper, as the Chinese do. This is explained by reason of the abundance of excellent timber in Japan, which is admirably adapted for constructive work ; besides which, the industrial arts have attained in Japan a much higher degree of perfec- tion than in many other places where the Bamboo is largely used. " Taken together, these facts will account for the absence in Japan of many appli- cations of this material that are found elsewhere ; at the same time also they account for many clever adaptations of the material which an intelligent people only could have devised. When used by them, although in some instances its cheapness is its main recommendation, it is generally because the material is the very best that could be secured for the purpose." As might be expected, in the collection now at Kew, baskets in their very numerous forms are specially apparent, and in this connection Mr. Holme says there is probably no finer basket-work made in the world than the Bamboo-work of Japan, and be suggests that English basket-makers might study with advantage some of the ancient examples of Japanese-work. Among baskets represented in the collection may be mentioned a fish-seller's basket with a hollowed lid, upon which the fish is dressed. A basket used by shopkeepers for holdingcopper coins, a basket for carrying dirty pots to the kitchen, market baskets, charcoal basket, which answers the purpose of a coal-scuttle ; baskets in which gifts of flowers, fish, and other articles of food, are sent. Amongst the most interesting of other objects may be mentioned a bundle of tally-sticks, which are used in the following manner:— When a number of packages of goods are being delivered at a ware- house, a man stands at the door, and gives a stick to the coolies for every package they carry in. The coolies hand these sticks to another man in the warehouse. This man has a box before him having ten compartments, each of which holds ten of the tally-sticks. When the box is full of sticks, he knows that 100 packages have been delivered. An ingenious contrivance is a scarecrow, which consists of a piece of flat wood, about 8 inches long, and 6 inches wide, upon which pieces of hollow bamboo are loosely strung. A post is placed firmly in the ground, and a cord is tied to the top of it ; the cord is fastened at intervals to other posts, which are not fixed in the ground but only stand upon it. Upon the cord between the posts the scarecrow is hung ; the other end of the cord is held by a boy who pulls it at intervals, which sets the cord swaying to and fro, and the Bamboos rattling against the boards effectually alarm the birds. 38 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 9, 1892. Besides these more practical applications, are many illustrations of a more artistic nature, including a beautiful piece of workmanship in the shape of a small medicine-box, veneered with a very thin coat- ing of bamboo, and finished off with remarkable accuracy of detail. These are but a few items of a very varied and interesting collection. Another collection of a different character, but withal of an instructive nature, consists of a set of implements, &c, such as are used at Singapore in the preparation of Gambier or Terra japonica from the twigs of Uncaria Gambir. The implements are those that are in actual use, such as a knife for cutting the Gambier plant in the field, a chopper for chopping up twigs and leaves of the plant before putting them into the boiler, a basket for carrying the freshly- cut Gambier leaves to the factory, a rubbish basket for taking away the spent leaves to the pepper plantations or Gambier fields for manure. One of the most remarkable instruments in the collection is a long wooden five-pronged fork, the prongs being arranged in a cylindrical fashion, and not laterally as in an ordinary fork. This unwieldy instrument is cut out of a solid piece of the hard wood of Hoteia sideroxylon. Daring the process of boiling, the Gambier leaves are incessantly prodded and stirred with this heavy instrument, the wielding of which is said to be the heaviest work in connec- tion with Gambier manufacture. Another interest- ing implement, is a long thin-pronged curved fork, made of the same hard wood, and used to remove the spent leaves from the boiling Gambier, when it becomes thick or syrupy, when it is poured into a tub and stirred or rather churned with a piece of wood of the Mahang (Macarauga hypoleuca). In this tub (one of which is in the collection at Kew) the Gambier sets, after which it is cut into cubes or squares, and carefully dried, when it is ready for exportation. A model of a Gambier factory completes the set in the Kew Museum, which fully illustrates the crude manner of the manufacture of this important tanning substance. John R. Jackson, Kew. they are, having stood out all the winter, and the position is rather a low one in the gardens, and not far from a large pool. W. D. AM ORPHO PHALLUS CAMPANULATUS. Some plants of this singular East Indian Aroid are now in flower at the Edgbaston Botanic Gardens, Birmingham, and are objects of much curiosity with their quaint spathe of an inverted bell shape, with the clapper-like spadix rising from the centre, and rising about 6 inches high from the roots. The flowers, only one upon each plant, is about 6 inches in diameter, and of a deep chocolate colour, and giving out at times an unpleasant odour which is apparent throughout the house. Another striking Aroid, Godwinia gigas, is growing in the tank-house, with a strong thick stem fully 6 feet in height, and beautifully marked, and is just now forming new foliage at the top. In the same house a not often seen stove climber, Stigmaphyllum ciliatum, with its bright yellow flowers is now in bloom. A large specimen of Anthurium Brownii, a tall-growing kind with long footstalks and large bold foliage, is now in bloom, but the flowers are very uninteresting. Some fine specimens of the night-blooming Cactus trained to the roof of an intermediate house, have also been objects of interest whilst blooming, from the peculiarity of the blooms opening in the evening. Two kinds have flowered, viz. : — Cereus grandiflorus, and C. M'Donaldoe. In one of the conservatories, several plants of the very pretty double Azalea rosse- flora are in full bloom, yet how seldom it is seen. Probably this arises from the fact of its being a small-growing kind, and does not soon make good plants from cuttings, but as seen at the Edgbaston Gardens it is a charming decorative plant, abundantly laden with light salmon-red flowers ; and blooms so late, after all the other kinds are out of flower. Out-of-doors, in what is the herbaceous nursery, two large beds of Mimulus cupreus are masses of bright brownish-scarlet flowers, and very lovely Colonial Notes. THE BOTANIC GARDENS, HONG KONG. The following letter was addressed by the writer to an old colleague in the Royal Gardens, Kew, and obligingly handed to us for publication: — " Having been more than three months in Hong Kong, I am sending you my first impressions, and some few particulars about the place. Although the island is within the tropics, the vegetation is anything but luxuriant. This is to be accounted for by the poorness and shallowness of the soil, which in many places is not more than 1 foot or so thick, resting on solid granite. Tree planting has been carried on very extensively, and considering the conditions under which they have to grow, the trees have done remarkably well. The island must at one time have had a very barren appearance. Of course there are no trees here now which can compare with the Oaks and Beeches at home, a tree 50 feet high is considered to be a big one. Ficus retusa is principally grown for planting along roadsides, and Pinus sinensis [the original P. Massoniana. Ed.] for planting on the hills. When rambling over the hills in February, I came across Spathoglottis Fortunei and Phaius grandifolius. The former was without leaves but in flower, and was growing where it would be saturated with water in the summer time. The latter was growing beside a stream, and was throwing up some immense spikes of flowers, although the leaves were in a most ragged condition. " Drosera Loureiri is very common in bogs, and it is a very pretty plant, much resembling spatulata. Gleichenia dichotoma is found all over the island, sometimes in the full sun, and at other times grow- ing where nothing else will grow in dense shade. Those plants that get partial shade do by far the best. Gleichenia excelsa, much less common than the preceding species, has a most imposing appear- ance when seen clothing some steep hillside with its long pendulous fronds. I ought to say a word or two about some of the plants in the Botanic Gardens. Renan- thera coccinea, that stubborn thing to flower at home, flowers here with the greatest freedom. We have a lot in pots, and every piece that is 2 feet long is sending out a strong, healthy panicle of flowers. They are grown in the full sun, and during the winter get no water whatever, except an occa- sional shower or two. Phalsenopsis grandiflora does remarkably well on the aerial roots of a large Ficus retusa. There are several plants in flower now, but unlike those at Kew in flower at the same time, they will be unaffected with the fog. Vanda concolor, with blossoms of a dirty brown colour, grows and flowers freely with us, on various trees in the gardens. I remember there was a small plant at Kew, but I never saw it in flower there. . The collection of Orchids is not large, the principal genera being Dendrobium, Vanda, and Eria. There are only six South American species in the garden, and five of those I brought out from Kew. Aristolochia West- landii is now flowering, but although it produced hundreds of buds, it has only brought six to maturity, notwithstanding that the plant is in robust health. English vegetables are grown from October to March ; after the latter month it is too warm for them. It is very amusing at first to see the Chinese coolies digging with bare feet. Of course, the skin of the sole is quite leathery, as they never wear foot-gear of any kind. The climate is not at all bad so far — very much like that of an English summer, but without the rain. There are numbers of people who have been out here for ten and twelve years, and are as well as ever. From what I have heard, whiskey will do more harm in one year than the climate will do in ten. The place is well drained, and we have the electric light in the principal streets, so that it does not look altogether uncivilised, and, judged by my experience during the last three months, Hong Kong is a very decent place- to live in." W. J. Tutcher. New Zealand. — Ipomopsis elegans picta. This is a gem I had from Benary, of Erfurt, and although marked as a biennial it flowered with me the first year from seed. Its deeply-cut, Fennel- like foliage is very striking, with its pink Bouvardia- like flowers. But why the specific name picta is added, I could not tell, until I examined it with a somewhat powerful glass; then, like all flowers, its additional charms came out. Indeed, all true lovers of flowers should avail themselves of one of these instruments. I have also succeeded, after many attempts from English seed, which proved futile, in getting seed to germinate from the same firm, of that spring gem, Adonis vernalis. A dwarf variety of this Ipomopsis would be a great acquisition. Will any of your correspondents kindly inform me where I could get a little seed of Primula imperialis and Ramondia pyrenaica ? T. Smith, Seedsman, <$~c.r Timaru, N,Z. Sincapoe. — Paea Rubber. Mr. Ridley remarks in the annual report of the Sincapor Botanic Garden, 1891, that no fewer than 8 acres of this tree, Hevea brasiliensis, have been planted at Sumbawang, that the trees are thriving, and the produce so good in quality as to render it desirable to plant it very extensively. More seed is, therefore, urgently required. Fast as the tree grows, it will be ten years before it is at best stage for tapping. Jamaica. The last number of the Bulletin of the Botanical Department contains articles on diseases in Bananas caused by fungi, eel-worms, &c. A disease in Coco- nuts has been stayed by the simple expedient or burning the foliage. Ceylon. Dr. Trimen reports in his last report on the Botanic Gardens of that island, an increase in the export of tea for the year 1891, amounting to no less than 21} million of pounds ! Coffee cultivation has, Dr. Trimen thinks, been too hastily abandoned. The export of Cinchona fell to the extent of over three million pounds. " The history of Cinchona culture in Ceylon — a most interesting and instructive one — is drawing to its close ; the future of the industry belongs to Java, which has followed wiser counsels and knows how to wait." The export of Cacao is in- creasing. Progress is being made with the propaga- tion and distribution of the various Indian rubber trees. Dr. Trimen's report is unusually interesting, and bears striking testimony to the utility of botanical establishments in our several colonies. THE ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. This Society represents an art and industry of great significance, viz., the proper planting and management of timber trees, and ornamental plants and shrubs. I need not state that the judicious and scientific knowledge of such industry embraces important details. This Society has been in active operation for twenty years, and continues to be supported with much energy and talent. No effort is spared to visit annually some of the largest tracts of forest planta- tions in Scotland, in addition to the most famed collections of rare and ornamental Coniferse and shrubs. These inspections are great object lessons, and conduce to improve and enlarge our thoughts as to the character of our more recently-introduced varieties, and to form conclusions as to the class of plants best adapted for profit and adornment. But while our foresters are thereby acquiring a higher culture, are they finding a corresponding outlet for their improved knowledge and abilities ? Are our proprietors engaged in planting to such an extent as to occupy them fully, and give scope for their acquirements in actual practice ? Forestry is not only a theoretical study, but more particularly a practical pursuit. July 9, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 39 It is to be lamented that, while arboriculture is diligently studied, there is a growing indifference year by year to extend our woods. In every county there are thousands of acres nnfit for cultivation, and miles of naked hills and mountains so prevalent in Scotland, and which might be converted into purposes of utility. la this county more than one- half is nnsuited for crops and pasture, viz., 150,000 acres, and yet there are only about 5000 acres of woods, including coppice. It is a well-ascertained fact that the extent of young plantations is yearly falling off. During a period of sixty years there was a falling off of 179,000 acres in Scotland, while the total forest area is 730,000 acres. It is essential to have an abundant supply of home-grown timber. Our demands are largely increasing, with the reflection that the area being planted is yearly getting less. We have serious prospects to encounter — the increased demand for native timber, with the diminution in its supply. Let me do the justice of stating that such falling off is not because our proprietors are unwilling to engage in forest-planting. The ordinary drawbacks arise prominently to the mind of every proprietor when contemplating the undertaking of extensive plantations. Fences are expensive, conveyance of men and trees are difficult ; the heavy outlays become an investment of years, with the remote prospect [of the planter] ever receiving any returns. Uowever public-spirited, wealthy, and desirous many of our proprietors may be to embark upon extensive schemes of afforesting, yet the serious difficulties of the first outlays block the way. It is apparent if the obstacle of the original expenditure could be overcome, a much greater breadth of land would be planted. The maintenance of an abundant supply of home-grown timber is not of personal but national importance. This is not simply a proprietor's question , but is surrounded with considerations of weighty and national moment, and must demand immediate and special legislation. The legislation of the present day has outgrown the stereotyped limits of statutes and enactments, and whenever a condition of cir- cumstances arise in any district or among a large section of the community which was unforeseen and nnavoidable, and which private efforts or outlays cannot overtake, the Government is ready to combat these public emergencies. For instance, the High- land crofters are offered harbours, railways, roads, boats, &c, to meet their present requirements, and during six months from 8,000 to 14,000 hands had constant employment in Ireland on the recent Irish Relief Works, and the Construction of Railway Works at Government Cost and Inspection. In the case of the distress of 1880, a loan of two millions at 1 per cent, was granted to Ireland. These means of assistance, while tiding over present emergencies, conferred general and lasting benefits to all classes. Recently £2000 was granted to the three counties, Dumfries, Kircudbright, and Wigtonshire, to instruct their farmers as to the best modes of making their cheese and butter. The financial position of the imperial exchequer has become so good, they can scarcely determine how to allocate the huge surpluses that yearly accu- mulate, from which surplus a free education is granted to every family in England and Scotland, and with large balances remaining, it is proposed to pay one-half of all the parochial and other local rates in Scotland, so that what were strictly private duties have been recognised as national burdens and responsibilities. I maintain that the ambition and function of our Scottish Arboricultural Society is not strictly to acquire a sound knowledge of the art of forestry, but more particularly to hasten on and develop the raising up of greater quantities of home timber. This I consider can only be accomplished upon the now universally recognised principle that it will satisfy public requirements by granting Government advances to all landed proprietors to improve their waste lands, and cover our bare hills and unproduc- tive land with trees for use and ornament, and which if neglected will result in national misfortune. I think an influential movement in this direction should be originated by the Royal Arboricultural Society. Garlies Mitchell, Stranraer, Wigtownshire, Scotland. EDINBURGH CITY GARDENS. It is generally admitted that no city in Britain has finer gardens than Edinburgh (of course this does not means parks, which are generally large suburban gardens), and we think they are never so beautiful as during the "leafy month of June." Princes Street and Queen Street Gardens are just clothed in their richest verdure. Th6 trees of various shades have not as yet become disfigured with soot, and the spacious lawns are at their best ; and though the late showery weather has created extra labour in keeping the grass sward, yet such is in favour of appearances? The flowering season, although so short for ordinary bedding (plants, is giving complete satisfaction, still I should be much REV. H. H. DOMBRAIN. Hon. Secretary, National Rose Society. better pleased, were I a citizen of Edinburgh, to see the beds in the low grounds dispensed with, only turf taking their places, which has a beauty of its own which no bedding can out-rival. We have been always accustomed to admire the grass when not interrupted by patches of mould, or shrubs and trees placed about on it like sentinels ; and it must be admitted that the gardens indicated are vastly superior in this respect (by the surface disfigurements being absent) to most other city gardens ; and no one has a keener sense of this than the talented and popular superintendent, Mr. McLeod. It is often stated that this tree and the other should be intro- duced ; but of course those who would improve matters in this direction have a very remote idea of the difference of trees in the fresh country air and those struggling in smoke and dust. So it is that the city . planters have a limited choice of trees and shrubs. In London we have had the making of and super- intendence of numerous squares (or rather the gar- dens enclosed in them), and know no town so diffi- cult to deal with. Yet the Planes and a few other species have developed remarkably, and the everlast- ing Privet struggles on nnder the use of the shears for a long time. Those who have charge of such places under these untoward circumstances, learn by experience what to plant and how to treat them afterwards. We have seen in Chelsea some of the finest Apples ever grown in this country, and young trees remain always vigorous and healthy. On the south side of a large house off St. Paul's Church- yard, we have seen the best outdoor Vines, which grew with vigour. It is proved that trees with smooth glistening bark and foliage of bright glossy- like surface stand the smoke and dust best. There is one shrub which seems to thrive everywhere, and grown very extensively in the Princes Street gardens (the Golden Elder), and does good service with its fine golden foliage when well interspersed with dark foliaged shrubs or trees. This shrub grows to great size in one season when soil is deep and rich ; but then, under these conditions, its colour is very im- perfect. It can be cut down annually, and kept always about the same size, and may be kept dwarf by lifting, cutting off strong roots, and replanting in poor but firm soil in the fall snn ; on soil sharp, but not rich, it becomes as yellow a golden feather, like the most useful and hardy Aucuba maculata (old A. japonica of gardens). The Golden Elder may be over-planted (and I sometimes think we have erred more than once in this way), but a town gardener is glad to get plants of this class ; and no doubt the useful and free-growing Elder has come in as a useful adjunct to help the Shrubberies in Princes Street Gardens. The long bank of Ivy in the west end division of these gardens, is a beautiful feature, growing where one would have much difficulty in keeping grass alive. At this season the great breadth of Ivy is a picture of itself, the delicate young foliage contrasting beautifully with the trees dotted in it. Perhaps, if there were fewer trees in the line at top of Ivy border, the beauty of the space beyond would be greatly enhanced. I have had much to do with Ivies, but mostly on old walls or ruins ; and I have always managed to keep it close by an annual clip- ping. Ivy does not only fall from walls when let alone, but when not clipped it forms a complete harbour for rats, birds, and other vermin. M. T. Golden Acres Ncrsebies, Edinburgh. These nurseries have justly been famed for some years, and it would appear that Mr. Thomson, the proprietor of them, seems to leave nothing undone to maintain their good name by moving with the times, and growing in great abundance such plants as are in great request, and making selections of the best, and increasing their numbers as rapidly as possible, so that there may be no shortcoming. Mere collec- tions having had their day, plants of hardy constitu- tion, with good general appearance, meet the wishes of those who purchase them. For example, long beds of Dracaena terminalis amabilis, and D. terminalis alba, or others raised from these hardy and beautiful species, may be seen in the best of health, and as near to perfection in colour as I ever saw Dracaenas. Many others are very fine in appearance, viz., Miss Glendenning, which is a variety that is conspicuous for fine colour, and all are in great variety. Crotons, too, are of extra fine colour, and grown by the houseful. Crotons Prince of Wales, Countess, Aigburthensis, and War- renii, seemed to be the varieties most distinct in colour, among large numbers of the best-known sorts. Aspidistras are grown by the thousand. This is the plant above all others which is highly valued for rooms; it is difficult to kill it, and is some- times used in large numbers to decorate coasting and passenger steam-vessels, and I am assured that no plant stands the salt spray like it. The foliage is thinned out in quantity for mixing with cut flowers. Eucharis in boxes, pans, and pots, on shelves, under stages, and in every nook where they could be stored, give indication of the immense demand for these popular plants. Caladiums were a very attractive group, and the new forms, which we admired greatly, were conspicuous for their beautiful bronzy foliage, which is very luxuriant. La Lorraine seemed to receive special favour, so did Mrs. 40 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdli 9, 1892. Harry Veitch, a bronze crimson ; Madame Mitjana, bronze ; Princess Teck, Duchess de Montema, Ger- rard Dods, L4on Say, Madame Imbert Kaddline, Ibis rose, Madame Alfred Maure, all mostly of a bronze and golden hue, and very striking ; these were set apart as some of the cream of the stock. Ray- mond Lemonnier, not yet very plentiful, is a very choice variety. Begonia Arthur Malet was one of the finest in the foliage class. Myriads of Ferns and Palms are grown — whole housefuls may be seen ; panfuls of young Ferns in every available space were ready to be potted, which shows no decrease in the demand for these valuable classes of plants. Azaleas of the early forcing class were to be seen in housefuls. There are now many fine double whites of this class, but Duchesse de Perle still holds its own ; many varieties of rose and crimson-coloured sorts are now grown in immense numbers for winter use, and are most valuable between the months of November and April. India-rubbers, green and variegated, are as popular as ever — indeed, the immense demand for the varie- gated form renders it yet somewhat scarce. We have used it for room decoration for some years, and look upon itas one of thebest plants for this purpose which has been introduced of late years ; they are also receiving much attention at Golden Acres. These are a few of the specialties at this nursery, and we never saw the plants there cleaner and in better health. One other item in this plant em- porium is the excellent collection of Vines in pots, strong fruiters, fully developed, short- jointed wood, very strong, and immense healthy foliage, constitutes a well - grown Vine, either for fruiting in pots, or for planting out. The canes referred to are already stopped to the length they are to be kept at, thus plumping up the buds from top to bottom. The long rest these Vines will have, and the abundance of time they have to ripen and retain their fine foliage, is the perfection of Vine-growing. M. T. The Week's Work. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. By H. Markham, Gardener, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone. LAYERING STRAWBERRIES. — If intended for fruiting next year, the runners should be layered as early as possible this season, and when they are sufficiently rooted to take care of themselves, sever them from the old plants, transplant them firmly in the open, and cut off all runners. Under this treatment the plants will make good strong crowns, that will bear fine crops of large fruit next year. I always layer a given number for early fruits, fruiting the plants once, then destroying them. Noble is good for this work, but the flavour is wanting. fGrow something better. Ed.] Layer the runners in 3-inch pots, three-parts filled with good soil ; stand the pots level around the plants, and peg from each from six to nine, according to strength, and water when necessary ; and in about a month the runners will be in a good condition for transferring to their allotted quarters. If planted at 18 inches apart on a south border, and treated in the above manner, a first-rate supply of early fruits will be obtained, which will be ripe a few days before those on older plants. The ground for this early crop does not need the same amount of preparation as permanent beds, which should always be trenched and heavily manured some good time before planting, so that the soil may settle, the plants delighting in a deep firm soil in a good heart. EARLY-RIPENING PEACHES AND NECTARINES — The fruits of these should receive their final thinning and the sublateral and useless shoot-wood be cut out, and the foliage cleaned with the syringe or engine. The varieties Waterloo, Alexander, and Amsden will be the first to ripen, being followed by Hale's Early, Early York, and Early Louise. If fine fruit is looked for, the trees must not be heavily cropped, or the roots lack water. It will be found advisable to afford them two good soakings of manure-water. All leaves which overhang any of the fruits must be put aside, and if the trees are robust some of these may be shortened or cut off so as to expose the fruit. These early varieties should always be gathered a few days before they are ripe, taking care not to bruise them, and place them in an airy fruit-room, and resting on a layer of cotton wool over which a piece ot tissue-paper should be laid. If the fruits of the above-mentioned Peaches are left on the trees till they are ripe, it is not an uncommon occurrence for fruits to crack open at the apex, making the pulp dry and of poor Savour. All the later ripening varieties will require to have their shoots regulated, and the sublaterals stopped, the foliage being kept quite clean by wash- ings with the garden-engine. Should mildew put in appearance, dust the shoots and leaves when damp with flowers-of-sulphur, and mark the trees so attacked, and at the proper time lift the roots, and in the case of old trees, grub them out and plant others. APRICOTS. — In the case of trees which have not been summer pruned, all the foreright and side shoots may now be shortened back to within four eyes of the baBe ; and if this operation was previously performed, the still soft secondary shoots should be pinched back, the shoots laid in thinly. Keep a sharp out- look for shelled snails, or much of the fruit may get spoiled. After the trees have been put in order, clean them thoroughly with the engine. Keep the borders moist and on light dry soils ; do not be chary with the use of manure water. The main branches of the Apricot should be somewhat shaded from the sun by means of young leaves and shoots over them, or if these are not numerous enough, some artificial means must be found for covering them. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By R. Milner, Gardener, Penrice Castle, Swansea. CLERODENDRON BALFOURIANUM.— Specimens which have ceased flowering should have their shoots cut well in, afterwards placing those which are in pots in a structure where a genial humid atmo- sphere is maintained, and where there is sufficient head-room, so that the young growths may be trained to their full length. After the plants have made shoots about 2 inches in length, turn them out of their pots, removing a portion of the old soil, and any straggling or long roots. Having done this, re-pot them in a compost consisting of three parts fibrous loam, taken from a rich pasture, and one of rotted stable manure, with sharp sand in quantity to keep the compost open. The pots should be clean, and contain a depth of 4 inches of drainage materials. Make the soil moderately firm around the old ball, and leave sufficient depth below the rim for efficient watering of the plants. After potting, the plants should be placed in such a position that strings can be placed above them and under the roof, to train the new shoots to. The length of these strings may be from 15 to 20 feet, as in the case of stroDg specimens, they will make growth of quite that length. When roof- space is limited, and space does not exist to train each shoot separately, two or three may be twined round the same string. From the period of cutting back the plants, the syringe should be in regular use to encourage growth, and keep insect enemies in check. SHRUBBY VARIETIES OF CLERODENDRON. — Clerodendrons fallax and Koempferi may be induced to flower a second or third time by removing the corymb as soon as it is past its best, the eyes just below the point of severance commencing to push into growth at once. These cutbacks, if well supplied with manure-water, will flower at the end of August and during September; whereas plants hard cut back after blooming, seldom have sufficient time to make flowering growths ere the season is too far advanced for fine heads of bloom to develope. ERANTHEMUMPULCHELLUM.— Plants struck from cuttings this year, and grown on quickly with due attention paid to stopping the shoots, should be stout and bushy, occupying 5 or 6-inch pnts, and when the pots are fairly well filled with roots, they should be shifted into pots two or three sizes larger. Cut back plants which did good service last year, if in vigorous health, may be afforded 12-inch pots. I find that these are the plants which are most suit- able for early flowering. A compost consisting of . three parts of rich fibrous loam, and one each of de- cayed manure and leaf-soil, with sand in proportion, will be found suitable fcr them. The plants should be grown in a low house, and where the temperature is not allowed to fall below GU° at night, with a corresponding rise by day, 8TEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA. — Young plants which have become well rooted in their pots should now be moved into others two or three sizes larger, as, should they be allowed to get pot-bound whilst young, the growth of the plants would be greatly re- tarded. Large specimens which have done blooming should have the necessary pruning and thinning carried out as soon as possible, keeping them rather dry at the roots for a time. Those in beds, or tubs, or large pots, naturally grow more robust than those that are more limited for root-space, and will, in consequence, require to be cut harder back. If the- drainage of the pots and tubs is good, the Stepha- notis will thrive without needing to be disturbed for a number of years, and I find that when the pots are once filled with roots, and some weak stimulus is afforded them during the growing season, the plants flower with great profusion. Should mealy-bug infest the plants, examine the latter frequently, and use every effort to rid the plants of the insects. CALLICARPA PURPUREA.— To have these plants in a forward state by the autumn, the young stock raised from cuttings or seed in the spring should be pushed on as soon as they are ready, stopping the leading shoots two or three times, so as to get them to throw out a number of side-shoots, as in general the plant is naturally thin in habit, and if it be allowed to grow on without stopping the leaders- and laterals, it has a straggling appearance. Pots 7 or 8 inches in diameter, will be large enough for the final shift, affording the plants a compost con- sisting of two parts loam and one each of leaf-soil and decayed manure, with sufficient sharp sand. Grow the plants near the glass in the intermediate- house, throwing a light shade over them when the sun is bright. Old plants which have been cut back, and made new growth, if vigorous, may be repotted in pots of two sizes larger, pinching back any shoots that may be taking an undue lead. Syringe the plants overhead every afternoon, and assist them with weak manure-water when the roots have filled the pots. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By H. W. Ward, Gardener, Longford Castle, Salisbury, SUMMER BEDDERS: CARPET BEDS.— Owing to the late tropical weather, which compelled us to water the beds copiously, the plants, notwithstanding the generally backward character of the season, promise to be as well-furnished at the end of the present month as in previous years. The work on the beds will consist of pegging-down the shoots, pinching and training into shape the various car- peting plants employed. The flowers of Sedums, Eche- verias, golden Chickweed, Stellaria graminea aurea, Saxifrages, and plants of like habit of growth, should be picked off, and the centres of these species of plants pressed into the soil with the hand. Cut off with shears all growths that spoil the regularity of dividing lines of plants, as well as from the plants with which divisions are planted. Herniaria glabra, Antennaria tomentosa, Stellaria, and Ceras- tiums tomentosum and arvense are the plants most quickly trimmed into shape. Carpet-beds from this date to the middle or end of September should, however, be put into good order at least twice in about three weeks ; and when they are well kept, these mosaic patterns, formed exclusively of dwarf foliage plants of bright, soft, and pleasing colours, contrast very effectively where the other beds con- sist of masses of scarlet, pink, white, yellow, and blue flowers. THE LAWN. — The present is a good season for the destruction of large-leaved weeds on the turf, the grass growing quickly, and obliterating all trace of the bare spots where they grew. No better imple- ment exists than Wilke's Dock and Daisy Eradicator ; and although a calendar is scarcely the place for a recommendation of any implement, the usefulness of this one must be my excuse. It was described in these pages at p. 532, on April 23 last. Where- verges of turf were not trimmed with the edging-iron at an earlier date, it is not too late to see to this matter at the present season, if it does not involve any laying of turf. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By H. A. Burberry, Orchid Grower, Highbury, Birmingham. DENDROBES. — Dendrobium Cambridgeanum is rather an unsatisfactory Dendrobe to flower, and it should now be resting, which is best done by sus- pending it in the Mexican-house, affording it but little moisture at the roots. It flowers from the young pseudobulbs as soon as these are formed, in July 9, 1892.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 41 *arly spring, but to get it to flower well, it appears to be necessary to starve the plant, even whilst it is growing, that is after the flowering is past. However, water should be freely supplied until the pseudo- bulbs are quite mature. Other Dendrobes are grow- ing at this season, and should be afforded sufficient heat, light, and moisture, drought at the roots, or a dry atmosphere, being undesirable, and continue to make use of weak liquid manures, as recommended in former calendars. Comparettia macroplectron is an Orchid which should be grown in a small pan or basket, hung up in the Cattleya-house. Masdevallias may now be repotted ; at least, all such as have finished flowering. The kind of peat employed for these plants need not be very fibrous, but it should be broken up into small pieces, and well mixed with chopped sphagnum moss, and some sharp sand and a small quantity of half-decayed leaf soil that has been rubbed through a fine sieve. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By J. Riddell, Gardener, Castle Howard, York. LATE VINES. — Where the thinning was not suffi- ciently severe, some few more berries may be re- moved, as well as all superfluous growths, the latter by pinching with the finger and thumb. Feed the Vines according to their needs and the weight of the crop, but being more liberal with the use of manure in any form to those Vines that are planted in light airy houses having a command of artificial heat. When the Vines are weak or bearing a heavy crop, a humid atmosphere should be aimed at during sunny weather, frequently sprinkling the borders with diluted manure. A minimum temperature of 60° to 65° should be adhered to. MELONS. — The latest succession of Melon plants may be planted about this time, after having cleaned Melon-houses or pits inside and out, not forgetting to limewash the inner walls. For late cropping, only the best-keeping varieties of Melons, and those which are not liable to split, should be planted. When the new plantation is intended to replace another in the same house, the old soil must be thrown out. The fresh soil will be the better for the plants in proportion to the amount of super- phosphate it contains, as the production of flowers is thereby fostered. In planting and watering, previous instructions should be followed. Melons now in flower should be kept, as regards the soil, rather on the dry side till a sufficient number of fruits have set, and then liquid manure should be afforded the plants, and additional rich compost put on the borders and mounds. Do not water with cold water, but always with that which has been well- warmed. Ripening Melons may be afforded a dryer atmosphere than those in a less forward stage, and a email amount of air admitted by the top ventilators day and night, which will improve the flavour of the fruit, and prevent it cracking, to a certain extent. The soil around the roots of the plants should not be allowed to get into a dry state, or the fruits will lack juiciness and tenderness. Thripsoften make their appearance in Melon-houses during the summer months, and, if left unchecked, they make havoc with the foliage. No better means for its extermination has come under my notice than that of fumigating with medicated tobacco- paper. Red-spider can be kept in check by syringing the plants for several con- secutive nights with tepid water containing a small portion of soft-soap, and ventilating early the follow- ing mornings ; in fact, if the weather is favourable, air may be left on the whole night. STRAWBERRIES. — Runners for pot-work ought now to be pegged down in pots or on ridges of prepared soil. In this way, well-rooted plants will be obtained by the end of the present month. The runners must not want for water in dry weather ; and they should be potted up as soon as ready. THE KITCHEN" GARDEN. By G. Wythes, Gardener, Syon House, Brentford. CELERY. — The planting of the main-crop plants should not be delayed any longer. For the earliest and main crops of Celery more manure may be used, whilst late crops should not be afforded much manure, or the plants will suffer greatly from frost ; indeed, I question if an excess of manures is not the cause of Celery running and decaying generally. It would appear that it is safest to assist growth with farmyard liquid, fish manure, and common salt, if the soil be light. Plenty of water is necessary during the summer for the plants in all stages. In lifting the plants for planting them out, get a ball of earth, with all the roots that belong to the plant ; trim off the lowest leaves and offsets, and make the holes sufficiently large to take the ball without crushing it. Make the soil firm about it, and afford a thorough watering at the finish. For late and main crops, the seed should be sown thinly in cold frames, and the plants transplanted to the trenches direct, thereby in great measure averting bolting. CABBAGES. — For securing heads next April and May the present is a suitable time, for late or cold districts, to sow for the earliest cuttings ; but it is not advisable to fix one date for all parts of the country. If seed be sown from July 15 to '20, on a border not exposed to the sun the whole day, and sown thinly, it will be sufficiently early. Seeds may be sown again ten days or a fortnight later, so that, if doubt exists as to the first lot becoming too large to stand the rigours of winter without loss, this second lot will be of the right stamp. Pricked-out Cabbages, if there is time for this kind of work, bring good results, the plants growing sturdy and short-legged, and, in consequence, suffering less from frost, and do not bolt much. One of the best Cabbages for early spring consumption is Ellam's Dwarf Spring, a small-growing variety that may be planted at 18 inches from row to row, and half that distance in the row. To follow this, our Nonpareil is a capital Cabbage, very hardy, and a compact grower. A small quantity of seed of the Red Dutch should be sown, if pickling Cabbages are required. BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— A later lot of this useful vegetable should be planted out from the open seed beds, and these will form a succession to the earlier planting, affording a supply of small hard Sprouts, and standing severe weather better than the earlier and better-developed plants. BROCCOLI. — A sowing of Walcheren Broccoli, made at the same time as the Cabbage, will be found serviceable in the spring, these plants often standing a severe winter uninjured, and affording nice heads after the earlier-planted Broccoli is over ; indeed, I prefer this variety to the Cauliflower for winter sowing. GARLICS AND SHALLOTS, ETC.— The bulbs of these two plants should be taken up and dried, and stored in a cool shed. Pot herbs may now be cut and dried. The beds of spring-sown Onions should be gone over, and the necks of thick-growing ones bent over, and Tripolis taken up and stored in a cool place for present use. FORESTRY. By J. B. Webster, Fairview, Stangmore, Dungannon. CLEANING YOUNG WOODLAND. — The recent and present genial weather has been and is favourable for tree and shrubgrowth.and weeds and surface scrub are not one whit behind those ; consequently recently- planted young trees are becoming smothered with first-named and grasses. When such is the state of the ground, the vegetation must be cut down, to afford the plants breathing space, or fine growth can scarcely be expected. A careful man with a squad of boys may perform this task in a satisfactory manner at a cheap rate of pay. Young ornamental trees, planted sparingly in the young wood, should not only be kept free of weeds, but the hardened surface occasionally broken up with the hoe and the rake, an operation which is very beneficial to them in assisting healthy development. Examine the ties of all trees which are secured to stakes, and such as are getting tight should be loosened a little to save the bark from injury, and the flow of sap from being checked. All branches and twigs that may have been used to shade and shelter young ornamental stuff may be removed, there being no danger to be apprehended from frost at this season. Young ornamental plantations should be kept free of weeds by means of the hoe and rake ; and young hedges of all kinds in particular kept clear of weeds, on no account letting weeds shed their seeds ; and as some species of plants are capable of maturing and perfecting seed after being pulled up and left to lay on the surface, they should be gathered up and consigned to the rot-heap forth- with. As sheep and cattle are now at large in parks and fields, fences and tree-guards of all kinds should have particular attention at this season, to prevent them from entering and browsing on the branches and twigs. During dry weather, fences, tree-guards, and gates should be painted, also wooden sheds should be repaired where necessary, and the roofs and sides coated with tar. Barrows, wooden and other kinds of carts should be put into thorough repair. This is the best season for repairing hill-roads, bridle-paths, bridges, and embankments that have been undermined and damaged by the winter floods, making them safe for pedestrians by the time they will be traversed by shooting parties in the month of August. For the binding of loose sand and similar material along the banks of mountain streams and roads, &c, sow the seed of some of the hardy grasses with creeping roots, such as soft grass, Holcus mollis, H. lanatus, Lyme-grass or Sand-grass, Elymus arenarius, Sea-reed or Mat-grass, Ammo- phila arundinacea, Couch-grass, Triticum repens, all of which are perennial and well furnished with deep creeping roots, and highly suitable for the purposes named. In parts of the country where tough sods can be had, these may be used here and there, for similar purposes, and to bind the loose material and prevent it from being washed away by rain until such time as the sown grasses become established. Fragments of wood that cannot be utilised to better account should be cut up for fire- wood, and the making of charcoal ; the former should be cut into suitable lengths as may be required and built into stacks in an open airy place so that it may be thoroughly seasoned by winter. The stuff for making charcoal may be cut into lengths of about '2 feet long, and about 4 inches square, but branches of a much smaller size are also suitable. THE APIARY. By Expert. REARING QUEENS.— About the middle of the month of July is the best time at which queens for the next year's work may be reared. There are usually one or two stocks in every apiary which get ahead of the others, although the conditions at the commencement of the season seemed about equal. These are the workers, which ought to be perpetu- ated, and much might be done by careful selection in improving our bees, so as to get a strain that could be depended on as being good honey-gatherers, non-swarmers, and quiet in disposition. The drones exercise a great influence on the progeny, and must be taken into account ; but, although we cannot control mating, the continual weeding out of the worst queens advances our object, and, in time, exercises a good effect by creating a preponderance of the drones required. The most irascible bees are gene- rally hybrids, Ligurian or Carniolan, and these are therefore to be avoided. Now that the tide has turned in favour of the once-despised " blacks," drones of foreign races are getting to be more un- common than was formerly the case, thus lessening or removing a serious obstacle. The stock intended for queen raising should be deprived of its queen, eggs, and larva;, and a frame, containing the latter from the selected hives, inserted. On the twelfth day the queen cells will be ready to cut out, and they must then be put in a queen nursery, or separately in match boxes, and kept in a warm place until the inmates bite their way out, when they should be immediately introduced to the desired stocks. TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION.— Quite a new and novel method of imparting instruction in bee-keep- ing is being carried out in Herefordshire, a grant of £50 having been made by the County Council. A one-horse travelling sleeping van has been built to go round to the villages, and is fitted up so that the back can be let down to form a platform for the lecturer who accompanies it. A magic lantern, with suitable sides, is also carried, for use after dark. The screen is fitted on a roller at the end of the van, and when drawn down forms a back to the platform, the lantern, placed in the front, throwing a five-foot picture on to it. It is hoped that by this means people would be reached whom it would be next to impossible to get at otherwise, and it is not too much to expect that an improvement in keeping and managing bees will result, with benefit to those concerned. SUPER CLEARERS.— Beekeepers who used the " Flood " pattern super clearers last season seem very well satisfied with the working of them, as they certainly have achieved the results claimed. The principal difficulty at present seems to be that as section crates vary in size so must the clearer, thus necessitating a number, whereas otherwise one would suffice for a good-sized apiary. It is not very easy to get bees out of sections by the old methods before they have pierced the cell cappings, and a super clearer with all section crates of the same dimensions will no doubt be looked upon in the future as a necessity in every well-managed apiary. 42 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 9, 1893. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Letters fob Publication.— All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor, 41, Welling- ton Street, Co vent Garden, London. Communica- tions should be wbitten on one side only of the paper, sent as early in the week as possible, and duly signed by the writer. If desired, the signature will not be printed, but kept as a guarantee of good faith. Plants, &C, to be Named. — Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. Local News. — Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Advertisements should not be sent to the Editor, hut to the Publisher. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETINGS. /Royal Horticultural Society; all rrmrcTMv Ttttv io ) committees. Paper by Rev. E. TUESDAY, Jul* U< Handley on "Orchids for a Cool \ Greenhouse." WEDNESDAY, July 13— Royal Botanic Musical Promenade. SH O WS. Wolverhampton Horticultural (3 da;s), in conjunction with the National Pink. Midland Section. Hereford Horticultural and Rose Show. Royal Horticultural Society. Drill Hall, Westminster : Show of Hardy Herbaceous Perennials. i Ealing Horticultural. Bedford and Bedfordshire Horti- j cultural \ Tunbridge Wells Rose Show. Royal Caledonian Horticultural i Society (2 days). Helpnsburgh Horticultural and Rose Show, lestone Rose. ,fi 1 National Rose Society 'b Show at TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, July 13 THURSDAY, ( Helerj July 14 -( Ros' ( Harle: SATURDAY, FRIDAY, '1 Chester. SALE {Unreserved Sale of well-established Orchids from Mr. H. James, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-63°.3. Everything wears a rosy com- The Rose. plexion this week, except, perhaps, to disappointed electioneered ; but true rosarians will attach little significance to such ephemeral and thoroughly unscientific and illogical matters as a contested election. The Rose exhibitions have been very good, and full of interest, as our reports will show. It is to be regretted that at Earl's Court some attempts were not made to break away from a system of exhibiting which, however necessary for purposes of critical comparison, goes as far to make the Rose ugly and generally uninteresting as it is possible to do. It is a pity that so fine an opportunity should have been lost. We must refer to our reports for an account of the Exhibitions, but in this place we avail ourselves of the opportunity of publishing a portrait of the Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, to whose energy and loyalty rosarians owe so much (see p. 39). The National Rose Society and the Horticultural Club are striking object lessons, showing what a country parson can do in the way of advancing horti- culture, and not even those successful institutions can make us forgetful of similar labours in the oase of the Gladiolus and other florists' flowers. Natural history and botany secured a large share of his attention long ago at Trinity College, Dublin; and, if we mistake not, Mr. D'Ombrain was one of the founders, and remains one of the few survivors, among the originators of the Natural History Society in that city. Among the tercentenary festivities, this fact seems worthy of record. Mr. D'Ombrain hts also been a constant contributor to the horticultural press for many years, and we, too, have and do profit by his valued co-operation. Inexorable limitations force us to hard-prune our rosy inclinations, but we may as well men- tion among the events of the week the publica- tion of yet another book on the literature of the Rose, La Hose dans Vantiquite et au moyen age, histoire legendes et symbolisme, par Charles Joret. Paris, Emile Bouillon. There seems to be no end to the demand for this sort of literature. The book before us travels over well- beaten tracks, but for all that it will be read with interest by scholars, dilettanti and connoisseurs as well as by the general reader. University Tercentenary Celebrations at DUBLIN. — Trinity College, Dublin, was founded by a charter from the " Lion Queen " in 1591, and has just now been celebrating its existence and gathering strength during the past three centuries. On the opening day the Provost's daughter, Miss F. M. Salmon, planted a Mulberry tree as a memorial in the Fellows' garden, and turned the last sod with a silver spade, presented by the Senior Proctor, Dr. S. Haughton, F.R.S. The Mulberry tree was especially selected for its well-known longevity as a town-garden tree, and also to keep up the time-hononred traditions of the place, since there still exists in the Provost's garden a Mulberry believed to have been planted very soon after its introduction about the year 1548. There were in attendance delegates and guests from the principal British, European, American and Oriental universities, and our readers will be glad to hear that Professor Michael Foster, of Cambridge, was not only a specially invited guest, but that he received a Doctor of Science degree, and there was an enthusiastic reception as he stood for- ward to receive the honour. Amongst the guests especially invited was Mr. Dyek, the Director of Kew, who unfortunately was unable to be present. The great Examination Hall of Trinity College was en fete, and the enthusiasm of visitors, guests, and graduates, rose to its height when Alma Tadema, Henry Irving, and Sir F. Leighton stepped to the dais to accept the degree of Doctor of Letters. Altogether about seventy-two Honorary Degrees were conferred on men of world-wide reputation ; the popular favourite of the students being Dr. Irving, who was carried to the steps of the dining- hall, where he made a speech amid the wildest enthusiasm. Trinity College, Dublin, emulates the English universities in the keeping up of a well- stocked botanical garden (see p. 33), the curator of which stands tenth on its roll of Honorary M.A. degrees. Many years ago the Royal Society of England elected a gardener, the celebrated Phillip Miller, of the old Chelsea Physic Garden, into its ranks, but so far as we know, Dublin is the only university in Europe that has conferred its honours on a member of our gentle craft. Chicago Exhibition.— From California is to be exhibited at the World's Fair one of the famed huge redwood trees, or Sequoia sempervirens. The one selected is 300 feet high, and more than 30 feet in dia- meter at the base. A specially constructed train will be necessary to carry the monster across the continent. It is the intention to hollow the base into booths in which will be sold Californian wines, fruits, and curiosities made of polished redwood. The Horticultural College, Swanley. — The diplomas and prize, gained by the scholars of the Swanley Horticultural College during the past session were distributed on Saturday. Mr. J. C. Johnson presided. The ceremony of presenting the awards was performed by Mr. G. M. Arnold, C.A., the Mayor of Rochester, and chairman of the Kent County Council Technical Education Committee, who remarked that the Kent County Council had a special interest in the College, as they had made arrangements whereby twenty students, having gained scholarships in local examinations, should be instructed there. Two New Natural Orders.— Herr Nie- denzu, of Berlin, proposes in the Ratiirlichen Pflan- zenfamilicn of Engleh and Pranth the establishment of two new orders called respectively Blattiacese and Panicactaa, the latter to include the Pomegranate,, the former comprising Blatti, which is remotely allied to Napoleona and Crypteronia. " ILLUSTRATIONES FlOR/E Hl8PANI^E." — Among the plants figured and described by Dr. Willkomm in the last number of his very accurate and trustworthy publication, are Euphorbia imbri- caria, with deflexed overlapping leaves ; Erysimum linifolium, with rose-coloured flowers; Centaurea cephalarisfolia, with rosy-lilac flower-heads, showy enough for the herbaceous border ; as also is the dwarf yellow-flowered Centaurea Toletiana. The Dictionary of Gardening.— A French translation, effected by M. Mottet with the aid of specialists in various departments, of Nicholson's Dictionary, is in course of publication (Paris, Librairie Agricole, Rue Jacob 26). The prepara- tion of this French edition will allow of the expan- sion of the original, and the remedying of certain omissions. The work is so useful that we could wish the publisher would see his way to the issue of an annual supplement, and eventually of a new edition. BARON TODARO.— We learn that this gentle- man, the Professor of Botany and Director of the Botanic Garden, Palermo, died on April 18, and has been succeeded by Dr. Hermann Rast. Baron Todaro was not only a botanist, but a lawyer, and a politician. He was known among botanists for his publications on the species of Cotton, species of Agave, Aloe, and other interesting plants from the Palermo garden, and was an occasional correspondent of this journal. National Chrysanthemum Society.— A meeting of the committee of the above took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, on Thursday, the 30th ult., Mr. R. Ballantine in the chair, and a large attendance of members and delegates from various affiliated societies. A letter was read from Sir Edwin Saunders accepting the office of president of the society, and the secretary reported that Sir Edwin had contributed the sum of five guineas to the Holmes Memorial Challenge Cups Fund. The arrangements for the conference on the pro- posed increase in the size of show-boards for Japanese blooms was then considered, and eventually a small committee was appointed to arrange the details of the conference, consisting of Messrs. W. E. Boyce, Nobman Davis, George Gordon, H. J. Jones, and B. Wynne, with the officers of the society ex officio. It being desirable that a supple- ment to the society's centenary edition of the Chrys- anthemum catalogue should be prepared, the committee instructed the Catalogue Revision Committee to pre- pare the same, and, if possible, have it ready by the month of October. A communication was read from the Wellington Horticultural Society, New Zealand, referring for adjudication to this committee two matters which had arisen in connection with their recent Chrysanthemum show, and upon which they desired an authoritative declaration. The subjects were fully discussed, and the secretary instructed to reply in the terms agreed upon. A communication of more than ordinary interest was read from Mr. John Earland, Wellington, New Zealand, informing the committee he had raised some seedling Chrysan- themums, the blooms of which be was desirous of sending to England for the opinion of that body ; July 9. 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 43 and that he bad made arrangements to have the blooms frozen in blocks of ice at the meat-freezing works in Wellington, and would forward the same to London by steamer carry- ing the frozen meat. On the arrival of the ship in LondoD, the block of ice containing the flowtrs would be placed in the storage chamber until country, and their arrival in London may shortly be looked for. A sub-committee was appointed to select designs for and purchase the Holmes' Memorial Challenge Cups offered, which are to be awarded at the large exhibition in November next. The Secretary announced that arrangements bad been made for the annual outing of the members to FlO. 8. — MEW CF OLD WALL IN THE TilNITT CCLLEJE C ARDEN, LUBLIN. (SEE P. 33.) arrangements could \ e made for placing them before the committee. The committee regarding this as an extremely interesting experiment, it was resolved that as soon as it is known the blocks of ice are received in London, a meeting of the General and Floral Committee should be called to examine the flowers and report upon them. A subsequent com- munication received from New Zealand informs tbe committee that tbe flowerB are on their way to this take place on Fiiday, July 22nd, when a viBit would be made to Penshurst Place, Kent, by the kind per- mission of Lord De Lisle ; and permission had also been given by F. E. Hills, Esq., for a visit to be made to Redleaf on the way from the station. One feature in the day's proceedings will be a cricket-match between an eleven selected from the members of the National Chrysanthemum Society, and one from the Sevenoaks Gardeners' Society. Eight new members were elected, and the Highbury Vale Chrysanthemum Society was admitted to affi- liation. The proceedings closed with the usual vote of thanks to the Chairman. Mr. Bernard Dyer. — The new list of Doctors of Science of the University of London in- cludes the name of Mr. Beenaed Dyee, on whom the degree has been conferred for contributions to the chemistry of agriculture. The other names on the list are, iu the department of chemistry ; those of Mr. S. F. Dofton and Mr. W. P. Wynne ; and, in the department of zoology, that of Mr. T. Jeffeey Paekek. Lapagerias.— M. Schneider is cited in the Joumalde la Socitte Nationale d' Horticulture de France as saying that the fertilisation of the white variety of Lapageria rosea in Messrs. Veitch's nursery, by its own pollen, has always resulted in the production of seedlings which in due time bore rose-coloured flowers. Manchester Rose Show.— The date of this Exhibition is fixed for Friday and Saturday, July 22 and 23. Stevia serrata var. albo- marginatis. — A pretty novelty, with lanceolate white and green foliage, that will be, according to Molleb's Deutsche Gartner Zeitung, as indispensable in time as Pyre- thrum aureum in bedding. Cultivation is extremely simple, and propagation is rapid and certain. From the figures given in the above journal, which show standard and dwarf forms of the plant, it would make an admirable plant for carpet beds, and edgings to other beds. Water Supply to Mansions. — We com- mend to the notice of country gentlemen and others an illustrated pamphlet by Messrs. Mebryweathee of Long Acre, showing the various methods of pro- curing and distributing a supply of this essential fluid. Save to professed engineers, these matters are often sheer mysteries, but the pamphlet in question conveys in a simple style information which every proprietor, and every steward, and gardener, or bailiff, would find it advantageous to possess. E. D. Shuttleworth &. Co. ( Limited).— We notice in a trade list recently sent to us, that Messrs. Shettlewobth, of the Nurseries, Peckham Rye, have taken land at Fleet, Hants, and are en- gaged in the cultivation of Conifers, deciduous trees and shrubs, Roses, Clematis, &c. MESSRS. Suttons' Gloxinias.— A few days ago we had the opportunity of seeing at Reading Messrs. Suttons' magnificent strain of Gloxinia. For substance and brilliancy of colour of the flowers, this strain is very remarkable, as is also the peculiar manner in which the leaves curl over to hide the pot. The netted varieties, in which the patches of colour are separated by a network of white or lighter ground colour, are very beautiful ; but perhaps the gem of the whole collection was a superb pure white flower, named Her Majesty. We saw Her Majesty just as she was about to proceed to Richmond, and had no hesitation in predicting the success which, we learn, awaited her arrival at that exhibition. ROSEMARY.— Mr. Ceocceee writes from Ochter- tyre that he has lately removed an old Rosemary planted over 60 years, the stem of which girthed over 12 inches. Weather Fluctuations.— Among the weather reports we have received lately was one we ought to have mentioned before, as it refers to the temperature of some days in the last month. At Ochtertyre, near Crieff, Mr. Cboucheh writes, the maximum shade temperature on June 9 was 82°. The next day it was no more than 49°, On the 14th there were 2° of frost, and the hills on the 11th and 12th were covered with snow. Royal Horticultural Society.— On Tues- day, July 12, a meeting of the various Committees will take place in the Drill Hall, James Street, 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdly 9, 1892, Westminster, and prizes will be awarded to amateurs for hardy herbaceous perennials. The Eev. E. Handley will read a paper at 3 p.m on " Orchids for a Cool Greenhouse ; " and the Mantell Silver Chal- lenge Cup (value 25 guineas), will be offered in an open competition for twenty-four Roses, distinct, three blooms of each. BEGONIAS. — Messrs. Sutton have been working at a strain of fibrous-rooted Begonias of the semper- florens type. Of course these look well at Reading, but it is satisfactory to find that they give excellent promise as bedding plants at Chiswick. THE Dry SEASON. — Numerous reports from various parts of the country have reached us, which, however, we cannot insert in detail. Mr. Lowe writes from Shirenewton as follows: — "The present drought, and the extremely dry air of the past fort- night, have been far more destructive to vegetable life than the winter frosts. A difference between the wet and dry bulb thermometer of more than 19° at a shade temperature under 70°, is an almost unknown amount. Added to this, there has scarcely been any cloud. Variegated Sage, all the St. John's Worts, Olearia stellulata, Thyme, every Cistus, Carpenteria californica, Heuchera sanguinea, Rosa camellafolia, Macartny Rose, Fansies, common Laurel, Lavender, Iberis, Ferula gigantea, Choisya ternata, &c. (if not all dead) have suffered most severely. There has been a deficiency of rain in each month this year. The average, up to April 15, is 10 inches, whilst the actual amount reached 49 inches, leaving a deficiency of 530 tons of water per acre. There seems no doubt this is the drought of 1890 repeating itself. At 7 p.m. on the 31st, and at the same time on April 1, there was lS'O0 of terrestrial radiation ; and at 8.45 p.m. on the 2nd, 15°. Fungus on Weymouth Pine and on Cur- rants.— A short time since we received from a correspondent a shoot of the Weymouth Fine, Pinus Strobus, affected with a fungus which we took to be Peridermium pini, which is not very rare on Pines. On subsequently submitting the specimen, at his request, to Or. Kxebahn, of Bremen, that botanist at once declared it to be his Peridermium Strobi, a fungus which he states passes part of its existence under a very different appearance on leaves of various species of Ribes, and which is then known as Cronartium ribicola. This latter form, however, was not known to be a native of this country. A few days after Dr. Ploweight sent us the following letter, accompanied by a specimen of the Cronartium identical with what had been sent from Bremen. We shall shortly publish Dr. Klebahn's letter and illustrations, and in the meantime can only recommend planters to take care that Currant bushes are removed from the neighbourhood of Pinus Strobus, P. Lambertiana, and P. Cembra. The fungus in question attacks the bark (not the leaves) of the Pine in the form of Peridermum strobi, and the leaves of various species of Ribes in the shape of Cronartium ribicola : — " Cronartium ribicola, Dietr.— Although this parasitic Ure- dine is very common on the continent of Europe, it has not yet to my knowledge been observed in this country. For some years past I have been on the look out for it, and was rewarded on Saturday last by finding it near King's Lynn. It occurred in black and white Currant bushes in the garden of Mr. G, C. BOYES, Oakwood House. The specimen showed both uredo and teleutospores. The former germinated very readily in water, emitting very slender germ-tubes. It is a hetercecious species, as has been shown by Dr. H. Klebahn, of Bremen, having its oecidiorpores in Pinus Strobus (= Peridermium strobi, Kleb.;— Charles B. Plowbight, M.D." Gardeners and Surveyors.— An old gar- dener writes us a letter, much too long for publi- cation, in which he indignantly contrasts the social position, education, and acquirements of a gardener with those of a surveyor, much to the advantage of the former. If the gardener does his work well, and the surveyor confines himself to his own department, we do not see the necessity for in- stituting comparisons. We do, however, think from the following statement that the gardener is under- paid, considering the forethought, experience, and skill demanded of him. In the present crowded state of the labour market, such complaints as our correspondent makes are futile. An improved social position may, however, gradually be obtained by im- proved education, combined with hard work and high character. Artificial restrictions, such as the limitation of the number of apprentices, can have no permanent effect. " Will vou allow me space to call the attention of my brother gardeners to the fol- lowing indignity to gardeners. A few days ago I saw an advertisement asking experienced gardeners to offer themselves for appointment as gardener to a vestry committee, wages, 24s. per week, with uni- form. As the advertisement made a strong point of wanting a thoroughly experienced gardener, and the wages low, I thought the duties would be almost nominal. Just the place for a man in the decline of life. In answer to my letter, judge my surprise to re- ceive the following list of duties, not a word being said about thesize of thegarden: — Tobe inattendance daily during the hours the gardens are open to the public, and also on two Sundays in each month. To lay out all flower-beds, sow the seeds and put in the plants at the proper seasons ; keep the grass ^well mown, trim and prune all) the trees and shrubs, spread and dig in manure, do all necessary water- ing, dig up and weed the beds, thoroughly preserve the appearance of the gardens and paths, roll the grass and the paths, and keep them free from weeds, paper, and other refuse ; keep the seats clean, and carry out all other duties which may be required by the surveyor; to preserve order in the garden, and see that the seats, flowers, trees, shrubs, &c, are not damaged. The following table shows the time of opening and closing the gardens :— Time of Opening. All Days Weekday. Sunday. Closing. January, February ... ^ November, December J 8 A.M. 9 A.M. 5 P M. April and September 7 „ 9 „ 7 „ March and October 7 „ 9 „ 6 „ May and August 6 „ 7 ,, 8 ,. June and July 6 ,. 8 ,, 9 „ The gardener will not be allowed to leave the gardens for his breakfast, but a shelter will be pro- vided with an oil-stove and apparatus for boiling water. He will be allowed to go away one hour for his dinner ; and the following holidays will be allowed without any deduction from wages : — Christmas Day, Good Friday, all Bank holidays, and one week during summer. A pair of boots and uniform, con- sisting of hat, coat, vest, and trousers, every year, and an overcoat every two years. Note. — Candidates must have had experience in the management of a garden, andjno person except those possessing a thorough knowledge of gardening need apply." EMIGRATION. — We have received the following from the Emigrants' Information Office, 31, Broad- way, Westminster, S.W., taking as much of it as applies to country folk : — The July Circulars of the Emigrants' Information Office, and the annual editions of the penny and other Handbooks, with maps, show the present prospects of emigration. A new handbook is also issued, dealing with the Argentine Republic. Among the various Consular reports, all of which can be bought from this office, a most valuable report on the earnings of labour and cost of living in the consular district of Chicago, U.S., including the States of Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Colo- rado, has just been published, price 3d. In Canada there is likely to be a good demand during this quarter for farm labourers, genera! labourers, navvies, and for mechanics in the building trades. The Canadian Government is offering bonuses of 5 to 10 dols. a head to those who take up land in the North-west or British Columbia. In New South Wales mechanics are not wanted, but in some country districts there is a demand for experienced farm and general labourers. A large number of persons have applied for work at the Government Labour Bureau at Sydney. The depression in Vic- toria still continues, especially in the building and kindred trades. In South Australia there are good openings for ploughmen and for married couples on stations, but the supply of labour has been quite equal to the demand. The Queensland Government withdrew their free passages last February, so that now all except nominated and indented emigrants have to pay full fares. There is no demand what- ever for mechanics in Queensland at present. Western Australia still offers free and reduced pas- sages to certain classes of emigrants ; and there is a demand for a limited number of farm labourers, men in the building trades, miners, and labourers on rail- ways and public works. In various districts of New Zealand, there is a\lemand forfarm and station hands, and for miners ; and prospects generally are good. The new Government Labour Bureau at Wellington is proving very useful, and new arrivals sh ould apply there or at one of its 200 country branches. Cape Colony and Natal offer reduced passages to mechanics, female servants and others, for whom there is a limited demand. In all.the above-mentioned colonies there is a demand for small capitalists, farmers, fruit growers, and female servants. As it is announced that a commission has been appointed by the Brazilian Government to encourage the introduction of European agricultural labourers into some of the northern provinces of Brazil, it becomes necessary to repeat again most strongly the warnings which have been frequently issued from this office against British emigration to that country. However great may be its natural resources, it has been abundantly shown that the conditions of life are wholly unsuited to the ordinary British work- man, and intending emigrants are therefore most earnestly cautioned not to be induced by any offer of free or assisted passage or grant of land to go out to Brazil. PROVISIONAL NAMES.— Reforms are not always carried out because their value is obvious and their nature simple. Take the case of provisional names. An exhibitor shows what he deems rightly or wrongly to be a new plant. The Society (we are speaking of the Royal Horticultural Society), declines to give an award to such a plant unless it is named. Accordingly the exhibitor, or some one for him, gives it a name. If, as is usually the case, there has been no oppor- tunity of ascertaining what the plant really is — a provisional name is given, and when the Floral or the Orchid Committees are very virtuous they award a Certificate to the plant (provided they deem it worthy of it), subject to the confirmation of the name. So far good, but in nine cases out of ten the provi- sional name is cast in the same mould as an authorised name would be, and it generally sticks to the plant for ever and aye, even if a legitimate name be sub- sequently discovered or applied. We would there- fore suggest, as we have often done before, that pro- visional names should be in the English language, and thus avoid all confusion with the technical name which must as, heretofore, be in cosmopolitan Latin. Names of garden varieties, and of slight variations from well known species, should also be in English. Salicylic Acid as a Preservative for PLANTS. — The use of spirits of wine, glycerine, or other substances, for the preservation of botanical specimens for museum purposes, or for the purpose of anatomical investigations, is, as every one knows who has tried them, more or less unsatisfactory. M. Poisson has therefore been led to try a solution of salicylic acid, of which he reports favourably in the Bulletin of the Botanical Society of France. The most serviceable proportions are 2 grammes of the acid to a litre of soft water, well stirring the mixture to ensure solution (a gramme equals 15'4 grains; a litre equals one pint and three-quarters; half a drachm of the acid to a quart will therefore be an approximate amount). M. Poisson recommends the solution on the ground that it acts as a perfect preservative, that it retains the colour of the object for a long period, that it is relatively cheap, that it can be used by travellers who might find a difficulty in procuring or carrying with them sufficient alcohol. July 9, 1892.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 Oar fruit preservers we believe avail themselves on a large scale of the preservative properties of salicylic acid. Mr. BULLS ORCHIDS. — The rare Bulbophyllum reticulaturu is now flowering among other choice things in Mr. William Boll's Orchid Exhibition. This species is one of the most attractive in this curious and remarkable genus. Horticultural Literature.— Mr. Wm.Paul, of Waltham Cross, is about to publish a selection of articles written for gardening periodicals and papers read before various societies between the years 1843 and 1892. It will form an 8vo volume of about 600 pages, and will appear early in the autumn of the present year. The matured ex- perience of such a practitioner as Mr. Paul will be of very great value. Horticultural Shows. — Among other reports which have reached us are those of the Croydon Horticultural, at which Roses, greenhouse and stove plants formed a principal feature. The Ancient Society of York Florists, in which cut flowers of various kinds, and herbaceous plants, shown by Messrs. Backhouse were prominent. The Scottish Horticultural Association had Begonias, and other collections. To some of these we may refer later on, if space permit. " Phenological Observations for 1891."— Mr. Mawley has issued an off-print from the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, summarising the results of the observations made in various parts of the country on the vegeta- tion as connected with season, &c. The methods of observation have been simplified, so as to secure uniformity, but with every care to secure uniform observations, it is evident that much variation must inevitably accrue. The only ways to " correct " this error, are to insist on the highest attainable accuracy, and to largely increase the number of observers and the area of observations. Much requires to be done in the latter direction, for whilst England furnishes nearly a hundred observers, Scotland has but seven, and Ireland six. The east of Scotland is entirely unrepresented, and many more observers are desired in north England as well as in all Scotch and Irish districts. The winter of 1890 — 91 was very severe in the south of England, but much less so in Scot- land. It was also one of the driest winters on record, and the land was left in good condition for tillage. The spring of 1891 was also cold and dry, and vegetation very backward. Spring frosts de- stroyed much of the fruit blossom. Summer was deficient in bright sunshine ; and July and August in the south, cold, wet, and sunless. This state of things improved in September, but speedily relapsed into cold and wet, so that harvest was late, and the autumn sowing of wheat delayed, and in some cases rendered impracticable. Reports of this character continued over a long series of years will be of the highest value, and we trust Mr. Mawley's may receive every encouragement to persevere in this useful work. Botanical Nomenclature. — An important manifesto, which derives additional interest from the circumstance that it was dictated by Dr. Sereno Watson, in his last illness, has just been published in the Botanical Ga:ette. We are told that it was at his express wish that this should be made public. It is a protest, on the ground that botany is the science of plants, and not the science of names, against a too rigid adherence to the law of priority. Dr. Watson advo- cates adherence to the practice of the Kew botanists, of Dr. Asa Gray, and others, who, while generally adhering to the rule of priority, consider that con- venience, or as Dr. Watson puts it, " expediency," demands that the interests of science should in par- ticular cases, override any merely technical claims of priority. Branching Strawberries.— Several inquiries have reached us as to the peculiar lobing of the fruit which seems to be common this year. The matter admits of very simple explanation. The so-called fruit of the Strawberry is merely the extreme end of the stalk that gives off from its sides in succession the several parts of the flower, and ultimately the true fruits or seed-vessels (the pips), commonly but erroneously called the seeds. Now a stalk is nothing more than a portion of the stem, and it is the busi- ness of the stem to produce branches, and of the branches to form branchlets and so on according to the necessities of the case and the conditions under which the plant is growing. The lobed Strawberry is simply a branched Strawberry. In the Cockscomb varieties the branches begin to form, but they do not manage to free themselves, but remain in union, forming a flatfish lobulated mass. CAMBRIDGE. — In theannual report of the Botanic Garden Syndicate, dated June 9, 1892, it is noted : — The new range of plant houses, commenced in 1888, has been completed during the past year, with the exception of the Filmy Fern-house. The plants have been safely removed from the old houses to their new quarters, and promise to do well. Special efforts have been made to improve their condition by cleansing, potting, and pruning. The succulent plants in particular present an improved appearance. The labelling of plants continues to receive attention. An improvement has been made at the end of the bog-garden, where moisture-loving plants of various kinds are grown, by the substitution of stone for tree-stumps. These were objectionable on account of the fungi growing upon them, and are now removed to a more suitable position for the purpose of yielding supplies of fungi. The bed of peat in which the Erica- ceae are grown has been enlarged, and in its altered condition has proved to be satisfactory. The material necessary for this extension has been obtained by several years' accumulation, but the area under cul- tivation is still too small for the needs of the garden. About 1168 plants and 1336 packets ofseeds have been received. As showing the progressofthegarden.itmay be mentioned that in summer, when annuals were in growth, no fewer than a fourth of the genera of the vegetable kingdom, according to the standard of the Genera Plantarum, were represented. Many specimens have been added to the Botanical Museum from the garden. The Colour of Carrots.— Where does the red colour come from ? The roots of the wild Carrot are, so far as we know, not red, and we have lately examined several roots of the maritime variety, Dancus maritima, and they are not red. Still, there is a tendency in the plant to produce a red colour, as occasionally the central flower of the umbel is of a deep purple colour, whilst all around are whitish — why ? The Carrot has been known from the earliest times, and its origin from either of the two forms above mentioned is only a matter of assumption. There are other species from which it might have descended. ABACACHI PINE8. — M. Andre describes, in a recent number of the Revue Horticole, a Pine-apple similar to those which we have frequently figured in our columns, in which the central or terminal leaf- tuft is relatively small, but where, by compensatory development, a whole crop of side buds is produced at the base, these side-buds developing into fruit in the usual way. The Abacaxi or Abacachi Pine seems to be a fixed race in Brazil, and to be greatly esteemed by the inhabitants of that country for its fine flavour. Hybrid Rhododendrons. — In the Illustration Horticole, M. Rodigas describes, [under the general name of Azaleodendron, a series of forms raised by M. Gustav Vandee Meulen between some hardy Rhododendrons and Azalea mollis, the former being the pollen-parent. The styles in all the hybrids are so long that they project beyond the unopened bud. The inverse cross, where the pollen of Azalea was used on the stigma of the Rhododendron, produced flowers in which the styles were, on the contrary, very short. The plants are rather tender, but if placed in a cool-house on the approach of frost, they will flower freely in four or five weeks, which renders them valuable for early-flowering. They bear hard- pruning, the young shoots subsequently produced flowering freely. M. Vander Meulen finds they do best grafted on Rhododendron ponticum. Union Horticole Francaise et EtRANGERE. — We are glad to receive the annual report of this young Society, which has its seat in Paris, Avenue Victoria 16, and whose object it is to bring about good relations between the young French gardeners and their colleagues of other nationalities, to furnish useful information on all matters scientific, practical, and social, connected with horticulture. Fortnightly meetings are held, at which papers are read and other business trans- acted. M. Max. Cornu is the honorary President, and M. Ernest Bebgmann, honorary Secretary, the acting President being M. H. Martinet, with M. Tixier as Secretary. Cross-breeding and Hybridising.— Professor Bailey has published in convenient and inexpensive form his lecture on this subject. [New York : Rural Publishing Company.] Professor Bailey gives a summary of what is known on the matter, narrates some of the results of his own personal experiments, and sums up thus : — " Encourage in every way crosses within the limits of the variety and in con- nection with change of stock, expecting increase in vigour and productiveness ; hybridise if you wish to experiment, but do it carefully, honestly, and thoroughly, and do not expect too much ! Extend Darwin's famous remark to read — Nature abhors both perpetual self-fertilisation and hybridisation." The bibliography, in which Professor Bailey gives a list of publications, memoirs, &c, devoted to cross- breeding and hybridising, though obviously incom- plete, will be very useful, and is not the least service Professor Bailey has rendered to progressive horticulture. Exhibition of Native and Garden Flowers at Dundee. — An exhibition of native and garden flowers, the second of its kind held in Dundee, was opened on Friday, July 1, in the City Assembly Rooms, in presence of a large company of ladies and gentlemen. Compared with that of last year, the display was superior both in point of numbers and quality ; and in variety, richness of bloom, and brilliance of colour, little was left to be desired. Royal Botanic Society.— The evening fete of the Society was held on Wednesday evening last, when, although the weather remained fine, and Messrs. L. D. Beeey & Sons had carried out the illuminations of the grounds as prettily as usual, the general effect was marred by the strong winds which continually blew out the lights. The attend- ance, too, was rather below the average, doubtless on account of the weather, and perhaps partly by reason of the General Election. Notwithstanding these things, however, a very enjoyable evening was spent. The Delegate Conference of Gardeners' ASSOCIATIONS, called by the members of the Tun- bridge Wells Gardeners' Association, and to which notice has already been directed, was held on Wednesday last. About fifty persons interested in gardening were present, among them being Mr. Bond, of Swanley College ; several of the secretaries of various local societies ; Mr. Barron, of the Gardeners' Chronicle ; Mr. R. Dean, who contributed a paper on Gardeners' Societies ; Mr. Frost, of Maidstone, and others. At the dinner in the evening the Mayoe pre- sided. Mr. Cornwall eaid that theexistenceofsomany Gardeners' Associations throughout the country showed plainly that the members desired to co- operate in some direction for mutual benefit. At present, each body acted in an independent way ; there was an absence of organisation and centrali- sation. Mr. Cornwall then spoke of the many advantages that would accrue by co-operation among gardeners, who would then be able as a body, and should endeavour, to get themselves repre- sented by a State department, which it deserved as much as did agriculture. He advocated the scheme on general grounds, not for the personal benefit of individuals. He had visited the fruit show 46 THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. [July 9, 1892. held at the Guildhall, and been struck with the pos- sible developments of fruit growing, but he felt that the promoters of that exhibition were not in touch with those whose interests were to be considered. He did not suggest a trade union, and had no desire to come between employer and employed, but he urged that gardeners should be an organised body, and until they were so, they would be in the background. There could be a system of examinations, and certificates might be granted, and the profession thus protected. Mr. Bond, of the Horticultural College, Swanley, spoke very forcibly on the strength of union, but asked for a more definite scheme. They had no foundation to work upon. Was the Association to look to the science and art of horti- culture? If so, he would point out that there already existed a body doing its utmost to promote those interests, viz., the Royal Horticultural Society ; he could not advise them to enter into competition with it, and they should not endeavour to supplant it until they knew that they had something con- siderably better. Perhaps a trades union could do much service to the gardener, but such unions were often defective, because of the govern- ing body not fully understanding the local colour of a particular matter on which they were at work. He agreed with the principle of profit-sharing. Mr. Cornwall said the influence of the Royal Horticul- tural Society on local associations was practically nil. They wanted that body to come to them — not for them to go up to its meetings in London. The majority of members spoke very strongly against any approach to trades unionism. A delegate (from Cranbrook) pointed out that the question of certificates for gardeners was not new, as it had been taken in hand years ago by the Royal Horticultural Society, when he obtained one. Mr. Balchin (Brighton) wanted to know how the local societies were to benefit. After considerable discussion, it was decided to form an Association of Delegates, and a provisional committee was appointed to draw up a scheme, but at the present time no one can say the lines on which the new Association is to be built. Earl's Court Horticultural Exhibition. — Very complete arrangements have been made to protect the buildings from fire. Large high-pressure mains run through the principal galleries, theatre, concert-hall, &c, to which are connected twenty- five stations with stand-post hydrantB, hose, hand-pumps, and buckets. Small fire-engines are also distributed through the buildings. These arrangements, as in previous exhibitions, have been made by Messrs. Shand, Mason & Co., who also exhibit steam and manual fire-engines and other appliances. Superin- tendent Duck is in charge of an efficient brigade, composed of men who have been through the Metropolitan Fire Brigade. Automatic Damper.— A means of regulating the draught of garden furnaces has for a long time been a desideratum with those whose occupations interfere with a regular attendance to the fire during the day, and with all who must have the heating apparatus in action at night. The inventor claims for the damper the following advantages : The damper being worked by the temperature of the water in the pipes of greenhouses, will maintain it about the same temperature as long as the fire gives out heat. The damper being closed, or nearly so, when the maximum temperature of water is attained, the fire then only consumes suf- ficient fuel to keep up that temperature, and there is no fear of the temperature getting so hot as to force water out of the boiler. The necessity of con- stant attention is done away with as the damper closes as the heat increases, and at a certain point, to which it can be adjusted, it will remain almost without variation whilst the fire remains with a body of fuel to burn, so that if the boiler is charged with fuel at night, it will continue burning until exhausted. The increase of the bulk in water allows the patentee to utilise a rise and fall of the float in the supply-cistern, varying from 2 to 8 inches, according to the length of piping heated, and the size of the cistern. They can be applied to nearly all the boilers now used for heating purposes, with little trouble or expense. We have examined the inven- tion, which seems to be an extremely simple one, and which, if the water in the supply cistern be regulated according to the amount of piping, and the expansion pipe, if any, be of small diameter, can scarcely fail to act efficiently. Books and Publications Received.- for Pleasure and Profit, by G. Gordon Samson. (Crosby Lockwood & Son, London.) Fruit Culture, by W. E. Strong (New York Publishing Co.). PLANT PORTRAITS. Ascyrumceux Andrew, Gardenand Forest, Jnne 1. Begonia Haageana, Garden, June 4 Boltonia latisquama, Garden and Forest, June 8. Calceolaria Pluie d'Or [Golden Rain]. Revue Horticole, June 16. Callistemon biqidus, Garden, June 18. Cattleya Alexandra, Gardeners' Magazine, June 18. Cypripediom callosum, Wiener lllustrierte Garten Zeitung, 1892, t. ii. Dendrobium lamellatum, Lindley, Illustration Horticole, t. 157. Kniphofia caulescens, Garden, June 11. Luculia gratissima, Garden, May 21. Oncidium Phal^inopsis, Garden, May 28. Papaver alpinum fimbriatum, Westnik, t. 59a. Phaios tubebculosus, Revue de V Horticulture Beige, July 1. Phyllocactus Fbanzii X and P. Pommer EsCHti, Garten Flora, t. 1370. Primula floribunda, Garden, June 25. Prunella grandiflora, Westnik, t. 59b. Rhododendron bacemosum, Gardeners' Magazine, June 4. Smilax argyrea, Linden et Rodigas, Illustration Horticole, t. 158. A creeper with leaves lanceolate, acuminate, deep green, blotched with white. It obtained a certificate at the late Temple show. Swainsonia coronill^folia, Revue de I'Horticul- ture Beige, July. Viburnum cotinifolium, Garden and Forest, May 25. ^ Home Correspondence. TO PRUNE OR NOT TO PRUNE NEWLY-PLANTED FRUIT TREES. — That is the question raised by " Pomum " at pp. 730, 731 of the last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Not a few of us bad hoped that the senseless process of growing fruit trees for faggot wood had come to an end, through the reign of law and the light of common sense. But no, according to " Pomum," if you want growing vigour and fertile force you must lay the foundation of both by cutting back your already well formed fully-equipped fruit-bearing trefs to the smallest dimensions. True the modern methods of hastening and heightening fertility have furnished us with a fruit-bearing baby tree ready to hand. But this finished material is to be cut away, and a fresh start made, not to improve or intensify the fertility of the top, but to the waking up the roots. According to Mr. Mer's theory, it seems the roots lag behind the tops a fortnight or more in their start for life and growth in the spring-tide. Granting for the nonce that this may be so to some extent, it is difficult to see how unharnessing the leaders — that is, slashing off any, or ever so much, of the tops — should pull the roots up abreast with them, either in regard to their time or measure of growth. The writers and practitioners who counsel the letting of their fruit trees severely alone after planting, are less solicitous about encouraging greater root-action than the preservation and extension of their fruit-bearing material. Through the develop- ment of skill and the investment of capital, baby trees are now fully equipped for their life-long business of fruit-bearing, and much stronger reasons than any advanced by " Pomum " will be needed to show cause why they should not be allowed to do so at once, instead of being cut to pieces with a view of balancing the growing forces between root and top growth, or laying the foundationsof fertility orsterility afresh. Now, why this waste of time and force ; and of valuable (ruit in embryo? Because, according to " Pomum," the greater root-action, " which was not the object aimed at, does not take place." What does take place, however, is something widely dif- ferent from this writer's doleful picture of failure, which is all shadow. Here are a few of its deeper shadows. Roots strained, tops starved, opportunities of shaping being lost never to return, debility, in- durated glossy olive-brown bark exchanged lor a tawny mixture of hazel and saffron ; hide or bark- bound. And yet when " Pomum " alights from this flight of strong adjectives, what does he find on the trees themselves ? This, as duly written on p. 730, col. c, paragraph 3 from top of page, " Why, that almost the whole of the wood-buds, through the want of proper root nourishment, have been formed into flower- buds, and the advocates of the system neglect to tell us to which of these we are to cut to in the following autumn." This testimony of the complete transformation of wood-buds into fruit-buds through the simplest of all processes, that of leaving the trees severely alone, is invaluable as a fact of supreme importance attested by an unwilling witness. Why, this hastened fertility is tbe very object and aim of all who prune their young trees lightly, or not at all. Neither is the object of leaving the tops intact to stimulate root-growth, but rather to check it, and turn it into fertile channels. And, as to the form of trees, what are nurseries for, but to mould trees into shape from their infancy. Train up a tree in the way it should go, and when it is old, or transplanted into a new home, there will be no need nor desire to force it to depart from it, or begin living or shaping itself afresh at the point of the knife ; and this applies to the habits, the character of the tree, as well as to its shape. Early fertility, properly and wisely managed and adjusted, repro- duces itself, and is the keystone of continuous fruit- bearing. For that " like produces like " is as true of fertility as of other features of life and growth. " Pomum'8 " imaginary difficulty of finding wood- buds to cut back to, only proves the extreme success of the non- or little-pruner's theories and practice. His theories of root-growth and rest are equally unreal. Tbe roots of fruit trees never rest from their labours unless they themselves, or the outlets from their products, are shrivelled with drought, or frozen hard through cold. And has " Pomum " ever tried to measure up the awakening quickening force of disturbance on the growth of roots? If not, let him hasten to master this problem by lifting fruit trees any time during winter, and replanting or laying them in by the heels, and noting their root-growth from time to time. If he has not already done this, the activity and prodigality of root growth quickened into abnormal activity through disturbance will astonish him, and enable him to bury quickly out of sight most of hia theories about the roots lagging behind in a state of dormancy, while the tops forge their way upwards iDto the mellowing warmth of the atmosphere. If the roots may seem less active at first in the race of new life in the spring, does not this arise from the fact that they have been more active all the winter, and have stuffed every bud so full of good things that the next and first steps to active growth must be one of emptying or depletion. But what does this return to the ancient hashings and slashings of our fruit trees mean? These things among others, either that our nurserymen fail to properly train their trees for fruit bearing, or that horticultural skill, in this year 1892, is not equal to the task of removing fruit trees safely from the nursery to their fruiting homes without marring, destroying, or reducing their size through excessive pruning of the finished machine, that is, the fertile tree they expect to be furnished with. The time is near at hand, if it has not already come, when the horticulturist will no more dream of cutting hia fruit trees to pieces after planting than the farmer would his new ploughs or reapers, to make them do their work properly. The extra strain on the roots, incident to the support of an entire or slightly reduced top, is probably more than met through the greatly-accelerated root growth arising through disturbance. The moment healthy roots are detached from the Boil they manifest an almost feverish anxiety to develop new fibres, and get a fresh grip of the earth. No one who has not noted this abnormal activity of root growth on the heels of disturbance, can be qualified to pronounce, ex cathedra, on the precedence of growth as between roots and tops, or tbe effects of non- or little top- pruning on the permanent hea'th and perpetual fertility of fruit trees. D. T. F. July 9, 1892.] THE GARDENERS7 CHRONICLE, 47 THE RECENT JUNE FROSTS.— It is hoped that observant gardeners, most of whom have ample opportunity for obtaining exact information, have not failed to secure registers of the extent of frost which did such exceeding harm on the morning of Jane 15 last. Information as to harm done to tender vegetables and bedding plants, whilst roughly indicative of the severity of the frost for the time of year, yet affords no actual data, and if in place thereof or with it, there can be furnished exact record of the degrees of frost experienced on that cold morning, then will there be something of a meteorological character presented worthy of being handed down to posterity. Some twenty years hence it will not satisfy gardening youth, it is hoped, to give us mere detail information as to the mischief wrought in gardens by frost, so near as within nine days of Midsummer-day. The question will be asked, " How many degrees were recorded in those places where irjjury seems to have been the worst ? " And if none be afforded, the observing faculties of the gardeners of this generation, and neglect to obtain facts of a scientific kind, will come in for severe criticism. So far as the year has gone, and we are now just half-way through it, I do not know of any weather aspect or feature which calls for such marked notice as do the keen harmful frosts and cold wave which came upon us in the middle of June. As to the effects of that wave of cold upon myriads of tender plants, evidence will be afforded, in many cases, all the summer, for from the injuries inflicted some things never can recover. It is true that we can do nothing to prevent these cold waves coming, but at least it is well to have their area and density exactly recorded. A. D. 81 NGLE- FLOWERED DIANTHUS — I enclose you samples of a single-flowered Dianthus, which I think you will agree with me in regarding as an acquisition to hardy border plants of much interest. It is sup- posed to be a hybrid between a Carnation and a Pink, presumably single ones, and the large size of the flower favours this theory, the dark zone being doubtless derived from the latter. The plants I possess appear to have an excellent constitution, and very prolific of flowers. They were raised two years since from seed received under the name of D. plumarius hybridus, and are probably synonymous with the variety offered by a Paris firm under the designation of D. Cyclops, a preferable one, from its brevity, but my seedlings of this are not yet in flower. The specimens sent include, as you will observe, several distinct shades, varying from nearly pure white to rosy-crimson, all but one being marked with a broad zone of deep purple. Perhaps you will kindly give your opinion of their value. W. Thomp- son, Ipswich. [Varieties of D. caryophyllus, as we suppose, but deficient in bright colour. Ed.] THE TOO EARLY REMOVAL OF EXHIBITS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY MEETING. — At the last meeting at the Drill Hall, I was told there were some splendid cut blooms of different va- rieties of Cattleya, exhibited by Baron Schroder, my informant taking me to where he had seen them. I then learned that they had been removed by a well- known firm long before the usual time for clearing the plants, &c, away. I certainly think that all exhibits brought before the different committees should re- main in the hall until the end of meeting. J. Carvill. LARCH FUNGUS.— Mr. Webster says: "The cause of the Larch dying is that the roots of the trees have come in contact with the chalky subsoil, and that he has always warned planters against planting in such soils or on the limestone formation." In this I disagree with him. In the first instance, the roots of Larch are not penetrating ones to any con- siderable depth, and as Mr. Rogers says, " There are various depths of soil throughout the planta- tions," and the age at which these trees died pre- cludes that theory, as the roots could not have come in contact with the chalk. I have had the oppor- tunity of seeing large areas of splendid Larch plan- tations growing up in a healthy state, and producing timber of the very best quality, and know of trees containing 200 cubic feet of timber, sound and in a healthy growing state, growing on the limestone. Mr. Rogers says, " It is his opinion that it is not the soil alone that is accountable for such disatrous results, but a most virulent attack of some particular fungus, which has been assisted by the last two season's drought " (?). (The italics are mine). In this statement I likewise disagree, as only last week I had the opportunity of calling attention — in a large public nursery — to Sycamores, Maples, Elms, &c, dying precisely in the same manner as Mr. Wilson's Larch, as described by Mr. Rogers. The trees made an average growth of from 3 to 4 feet last year, and this season they expanded their leaves, and made from 2 to 3 inches growth, and then died. On making some inquiries, I was told that " they go like that every year," and they grew on a loamy soil on the red sandstone. In this case it was an easy matter to see what was the cause of death — which was not fungus — and to give a remedy against such an occurrence in future, i?. C. McGregor, June 23, 1892. Societies. NATIONAL ROSE. Joly 2. — The annual gathering of the National Rose Society took place, as in several previous seasons, at the Crystal Palace, on Saturday, in extremely favourable weather. Some earlier observations had led us to expect a falling off in the size, but not in the quality of the blooms, and Saturday's exhibition confirmed these expectations ; and also the fact, sometimes lost sight of by exhibitors and beholders alike, that lack of size does not always mean loss of beauty. This was especially noticeable in some blooms of Her Majesty, which were just of the right size. The day was warm and fine, and the palace was extensively patronised by the admirers of the national flower. NoHSEEYMENs' CLASSES. The Challenge Trophy and 1st prize in the lead- ing class for seventy - two distinct varieties, was won by Mr. Frank Cant, of Colchester, who, pre- vious to last year, when his uncle carried off this coveted prize, held it during two years in succession. Upon this occasion, the collection was much better than might have been anticipated, seeing the adverse conditions under which Rose growers have had to tend and cherish their favourites ; and although, perhaps, there have been better collections exhibited than this one, it contained many excellent and well- grown specimens. Here, as in the exhibits generally, the Tea-scented varieties appeared in best form. The following were some of the best, Victor Hugo, Reynolds Hole, Caroline Kuster, Her Majesty, Madame de Watteville, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, The Bride, Star of Waltham, Chas. Lefebvre, Queen of Queens, Mrs. John Laing, Marie Verdier, Etienne Levet, Merveillede Lyon, Countessof Oxford, Pride of Waltham, La France, Souvenir d'Un Ami, Madame Eugenie Verdier, E. T. Teas, Dupuy Jamain, Crown Prince, La France de '89, Marie Baumann, Annie Wood, the striped Pride of Reigate, Horace Vernet, Jeannie Dickson, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Emily Laxton, and Gustave Piganeau. Mr. B. R. Cant, of Colchester, occupied the 2nd position worthily, and staged amongst others excellent examples of Marie Finger, Her Majesty, Mrs. John Laing, Marshal Niel, Crown Prince, Chas. Lefebvre, Madame Bravy, Mrs. Paul, Catherine Mermet, Duke of Teck, Magna Charta. Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Marchioness of Dufferin, Lady Ellen Stewart, Cleopatra, Madame Lacharme, and Ulrich Brunner. 3rd, Messrs. Paul & Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, and here were many very good blooms, including Princess Beatrice, Captain Christy, Etienne Levet, Marguerite de St. Amand, A. K. Williams, Prince Camille de Rohan, and Comtesse de Blacas. In the class for forty-eight distinct, single trusses, Messrs. G. Cooling & Sons, Bath, obtained the 1st prize. The varieties were as follows : — The Bride, Magna Charta, Madame S. Rodocanachi, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, A. Dumesnil, Honourable Edith Gifford, La France, Victor Verdier, Duke of Con- naught, Mrs. Jno. Laing, Senateur Vaisse, Marguerite de St. Amand. Dr. Andry, Madame Cusin, Marechal Niel, Mons. Noman, Ernest Pritz, Dupuy Jamain, Prince Arthur, Mrs. Watson, Madame I. Pereire, Anna Olivier, Madame M. Verdier, Comte de Raim- baud, Duchess de Morny, Senateur Vaisse, F. W. Girdlestone, Victor Hugo. Violette Bowyer, Le Havre, Merveille de Lyon, Victor Lemoine, Duchess de Vallombrosa, Horace Vernet, Marie Cointet, Baron Haussmann, Lady Mary Keith, Robert Mar- nock, Pride of Waltham, A. K. Williams, Etoile de Lyon, Comtesse d'Oxford, Princess Beatrice, Bar- tholemy Joubert, Baroness Rothschild, Heinrich Schultheiss, Madame C. Kuster, and Ulrich Brunner Messrs. G. & W. H. Burch, Peterborough, were 2nd ; their collection contained good specimens of La France, Star of Waltham, John Stuart Mill, The Bride, Silver Queen, Alfred Colomb. Madame Joseph Desbois, Her Majesty, Louis Van Houtte, Francois Michelon, and Ferdinand de Lesseps. The 3rd prize was obtained by the English Fruit and Rose Com- pany, Limited, King's Acre, Hereford. In the class for forty-eight varieties, distinct, three trusses each, Mr. Frank Cant was 1st ; Mr. Benjamin R. Cant, 2nd ; and Mr. Charles Turner, The Royal Nurseries, Slough, 3rd. For twenty-four, distinct, single trusses, the highest honour was obtained by Mr. W. Taylor, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex, who had a capital collection, consisting of the following : — Ulrich Brunner, Mrs. G. Dickson, Duke of Edin- burgh, Catherine Mermet, Dupuv Jamain, John Laing, Victor Verdier, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Prince Camille de Rohan, La France, E. T. Teas, Countess of Pembroke, Louis Van Houtte, Hon. Edith Gifford, Star of Waltham, Her Majesty, Hein- rich Schultheiss, Souvenir d'un Ami, Cheshunt Hybrid, Gloire Lyonnaise, Le Havre, Marie Baumann, Mar- quise de Castellane, and Baroness Rothschild. Mr. J. Mattock, The Market, Oxford, was a good 2nd, and showed good Comtesse de Nadaillac, Souvenir d'un Ami, Marechal Niel, and Princess Mary of Cambridge, &c. The 3rd position was taken by Mr. G. W. Piper, Uckfield, Sussex, the best of his collection being Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Catherine Mermet, and Dupuy Jamain. In the class for twenty-four distinct varieties, three trusses of each, Messrs. B. Prior & Sons, Myland Nurseries, Colchester, were 1st, who showed much the same varieties that have already been mentioned, but included the good old General Jac- queminot, Jean Ducher, Prince Arthur, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Viscountess Folkestone, and Fisher Holmes. Messrs. G. and W. H. Burch were 2nd, with a nice clean collection ; and Mr. George Mount, Exotic and Rose Nurseries, Canterbury, were 3rd, in which latter there were several very good blooms. Amateurs. In the principal class lor amateurs, for forty-eight distinct varieties, single trusses, Mr. E. B. Lindsell, the successful exhibitor of last year, again secured the 1st prize, and included excellent blooms of Duchesa of Vallombrosa, Marie Van Houtte, Louis Van Houtte, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, The Bride, Chas. Lefebvre, Mons. Noman, Captain Christy, Dupuy Jamain, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Chas. Lefebvre, Innocente Pirola, Gustave Piganeau, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Star of Waltham, Her Majesty, Madame G. Luizet, Princess of Wales, Francisia Kruger, S.-M. Rodocanachi, Reynolds Hole, &c. ; 2nd, Mr. S. P. Budd ; anil 3rd, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Haveringe-atte-Bower, EsBex. Mr. Walter Drew, Uplands, Leabury, was 1st in the class for twenty-four distinct single trusses, his best were Marquise de Castellane, E. D. Brie, Earl of Dufferin, Niphetos, Dupuy Jamain, Ulrich Brunner, Madame G. Luizet, Her Majesty, Lord Bacon, Merveille de Lyon, Francois Michelon, and La France. A. Hill Gray, Esq., Beaulieu, New- bridge Hill, Bath, was 2nd, with good Marechal Niel, La France, Duke of Wellington, Devoniensis, The Bride, Lady M. Fitzw lliam, Madame G. Luizet, Catherine Mermet, &c. 3rd, Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Glebelands, Woodford, Essex. For sixteen distinct varieties, three trusses of each, the 1st position was taken by Mr. E. B. Lindsell again, with Souvenir de Elise Vardon, Prince Arthur, La France, Caroline Kuster, Ulrich Brunner, Madame Cusin, Dupuy Jamain, Madame G. Luizet, Exposition de Brie, Chas. Lefebvre, Niphetos, Dr. Sewell, Mrs. Jno. Laing, E. Y. Teas, Innocente Pirola, and Francois Michelon ; 2nd, Mr. S. P. Budd ; 3rd, Mr. A. Slaughter, Jarvis Villa, Steyning. Mr. Walter Drew, Uplands, Ledbury, was 1st for twelve distinct, three trusses each, with Duke of Edinburgh, Comte Raimbaud, Jennie Dickson, Madame G. Luizet, Duke of Teck, Ulrich Brunner, La France, &c. ; Mrs. Waterlow, Great Doods, Reigate (gr. James Brown), was 2nd ; and the Rev. H. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich, 3rd. For twelve single trusses of any hybrid perpetual, Mrs. Waterlow was 1st with very full good blooms of Mrs. J. Laing; A. Hill Gray, Esq., was 2nd, with La France ; and Mr. S. P. Budd, 3rd, with large blooms'of Ulrich Brunner. The following five classes were open only to amateurs who grow less than 2000 plants, including Teas and Noisettes : — For twenty-four distinct single trusses, the Rev. W. J. Romaioe, The Priory, Old Windsor, was 1st, the best of whose exhibit were Comtesse d'Oxford, Mrs. Jno. Laing, Madame Welche, Marechal Niel, Her Majesty, Etienne Levet, Heinrich Schultheiss, 48 THE GABDENEXS' CHRONICLE. [July 9. 1892. Earl of Dufferin, Viscount Folkestone, and Louis van Houtte; 2nd, Mr. J. C. Taker, Middletou Hall, Brentwood. For eighteen distinct single trusses, Mr. E. M. Bethune, Denne Park, Horsham, was 1st, with very good blooms of La France, Chas. Darwin, Dupuy Jamain, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Madame Isaac Pereire, Marie Finger, Mrs. Jno. Laing, A. K. Williams, Duchess of Bedford, &c. ; 2nd, Mr. F. T. Baker, Holmfield, Reigate, in which was noticed good examples of Madame G. Luizet, Alfred Colomb, E. T. Teas, Horace Vernet, General Jacqueminot, Etienne Levet, and Mrs. Jno. Laing ; Mr. Ed. Mawley, Rosebank, Berkhamstead, was 3rd. Mr. W. H. Fowler, Claremont, Taunton, was 1st in the competition for twelve distinct single trusses, showing best Ernest Metz, Innocente Pirola, Niphe- tos, Prince of Wales, and Souvenir de Elise Vardon ; 2nd, Mr. Fred Warde, Aldon, Addington, West Mailing ; 3rd, Mr. E. Wilkins, Monksdene, Sutton. For eight distinct triplets, Mr. E. Wilkins was 1st with Maurice Bernardin, La France, A. K. Wil- liams, Earl of Dufferin, Ulrich Brunner, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Charles Lefebvre, and Le Havre ; 2nd, Mr. P. C. G. Burnard, Reigate ; and 3rd, the Rev. W. J. Romaine. Any H.P. Rose, nine blooms. — Madame Gabrielle Luizet, shown by Mr. E. M. Bethune, secured highest honour ; and the same variety secured the 2nd place for Mr. E. Wilkins, Monksdene ; and the 3rd position for the Rev. W. J. Romaine. The following four classes, open only to growers of fewer than 1000 plants :— The best twelve distinct single trusses came from Dr. Tucker, Swanley Junction, who had Her Majesty, Abel Carriere, Duke of Edinburgh, La France, Mrs. John Laing, Dr. Hogg, Captain Christy, Ulrich Brunner, Marquise de Castellane, A. K. Wil- liams, and Charles Darwin ; 2nd, Mr. E. J. Grahame, Coombe Road, Croydon ; 3rd, Mr. R. L. Knight, Bobbing, Sittingbourne. Nine distinct, single trusses. — In this class, the Rev. H. B. Biron, Hjthe, was 1st with Le Havre, Madame G. Luizet, Marie Finger, Etienne Levet, Ulrich Brunner, Duke of Wellington, Innocente Pirola, A. K. Williams, and Charles Lefebvre ; 2nd, Rev. S. F. Tavlor, Littleton Vicarage, Evesham ; 3rd, Mr. C. E. Cuthell, Chapel Croft, Dorking. Six distinct, single trusses. — 1st, Dr. Tucker, Swanley Junction ; 2nd, Mr. 0. G. Orpen, West Bergholt, near Colchester ; and 3rd, Mr. C. E. Cuthell. Any H.P., nine blooms. — Dr. Tucker was again 1st, with large blooms of Her Majesty; Mr. James Parker, Old Headington, Oxon, 2nd, with Madame Gabrielle Luizet ; and Mr. C. J. Grahame, 3rd, with Marie Baumann. The following three classes, open only to growers of fewer than 500 plants : — Nine distinct single trusses. —In this class Mr. Henry Foster, North Street, Ashford, Kent, was 1st, Mr. G. Moules 2nd, and Mr. E. Rutter, Halliford-on- Thames, Shepperton, 3rd. Six single trusses. — 1st, Mr. Edward Home, Park House, Reigate, with Ulrich Brunner, Marquise de Castillane. Chas. Lefebvre, Francois Michelon, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, and Madame I. Pereire ; 2nd, Mr. H. P. Landon,Shen6eld, Brentwood, Essex; 3rd, Mr. Hugh White, Woodside Cottage, High- gate, N. In the class for six distinct single trusses, open only to amateurs who have not before won any prize at an exhibition of the National Rose Society, Mr. W. H. Fowler, Claremont, Taunton, was 1st; Mr. W. Hooper, Glena Mount, Sutton, Surrey, 2nd ; and Mr. F. S. Francis, Crofton Hall, Orpington, Kent, 3rd. Six distinct trusses, grown within 8 miles of Charing Cross.— 1st, Mr. R. H. Langton, Raymead, Hendon ; 2nd, Mr. Walter Northones, 22, Wolseley Road, Crouch End, N. ; 3rd, Mr. Jno. Bateman, Rosevale, Archway Road, N. Six new Roses, distinct— The Rev. J. H. Pem- berton was 1st. Teas and Noisette Roses (Nurserymen). For twenty-four Roses to be shown in Bingle trusses, 1st, Mr. G. Prince, Oxford, who showed (as he always does) a nice lot of fresh-looking blooms, the finest of which were, ComteBse de Nadaillac, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Madame de Watteville, Niphetos, La Boule ad, Ipswich. Four Orchids, Mr. C. W. King. Specimen Orchid, Mr. C. W. K'n?. Pot of Liliums, Mr. C. W. King. Hanging basket of plants, Mr. C. W. King. Hanging basket of Ferns, Mrs. A. F. Nicolson. Group of plant?, arranged for effect (market gardeners and allotment holders onlv >, Mr. W. Beer. Cut Flowers. — Forty-eight R)ses, single trusses, distinct (open), Mr. F. Cant, Braiawick Nursery, Colchester ; 2nd, Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester. Thirty-six ditto (open), Messrs. D. Prior & Sons, Myland Nursery, Colchester ; 2nd, Messrs. J. Bur- rell & Co., Howe Nursery, Cambridge. Twelve R >ses, distinct, three trusses of each (open), Mr. F. Cint; 2nd, Mr. B. U. Cant. Eighteen Rose?, T-a and Noisette, distinct (open), Mr. F. Cint; 2nd, Mr. G. Prince. Thirty-six Rosea, distinct, single trussps (amateurs), Rjv. H. A. Berners; twenty-four 1! >ses, single trusses (ama- teurs), Mr. J. Gurney Fjwler, Woodford (gr., J. Davis) ; 2nd, Mr. O G. Orpen, West Bergholt. Twelve Roses, distinct, single trusses (amateurs), Mr. J. Gurney Fowler ; 2nd, Mr. O. G. Orpen. Eighteen R ises. Tea and Noisette, distinct, single trusses (amateurs), R '.v. F. Burnside, Birch Vicarage, Hereford ; 2nd, Rev. H. A. Burners. Twelve ditto, Tea and Noisette, distinct, three truaaea of each (amateurs), Rav. II. A. Berners ; 2ad, Rev. F. R Burnside. Twelve Roses of any variety (amateurs). Rev. A. Foster Melliar; 2ad, Mr. J. Gurney Fowler. Collection of herbaceous flowers in bunches, Mr. George Gilbert; 2nd, Messrs. Paul & Son, the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Twenty-four herbaceous flowers, Messrs. J. Burrell & Co. ; 2nd, Mr. C. Jacobi, Henley Road, Ipswich. Six herba- ceous flowers (amateurs), Mr. O. G. Orpen. Twelve zonal Geraniums, Mr. F. Buckingham ; 2nd, Mr. R. Austin, sen. Twelve Roses (market gardeners and allotment holders), Mr. C. Jacobi. Six zonal Geraniums (market gardeners and allotment holders only), Mr. R. Austin, sen. Fruit. — Collections of fruit (six distinct varieties), Hon. W. Lowther ; three bunches of black Grapes (open), Hon. W. Lowther ; three ditto, white (open), Mr. C. W. King. Six Peaches (open). Hon. W. Lowther. Six Nectarines (open), Hon. W. Lowther. One Melon, Lord Rendlesham ; 2nd, Hon. W. Low- ther. Dish of black Cherries (open), Mr. R. Austin, sen., St. John's, Ipswich ; ditto, white (open) no 1st ; 2nd, Mr. F. Buckingham. Forty Strawberries for flavour (open), Mr. R. Austin, sen. Best collection of Strawberries, six varieties (open), Mr. J. Woods, The Nurseries, Woodbridge (gr., W. Morse). Vegetables. — Collection of vegetables, six distinct varieties, the produce of seed supplied by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Hon. W. Lowther. Collection of vegetables, six distinct kinds, including two of Messrs. Webb's varieties from seed supplied direct by them in 1892, Hon. W. Lowther. Brace of Cucumbers (amateurs), Mr. G. W. Charters. Nine round Potatos(open), Hon. W. Lowther. Nine kidney ditto (open), Major Howey, Three Cauliflowers, Major Howey, July 9, 1892.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 51 ARKETS. CO VENT GARDEN, July 7. Maeket still heavy, with prices falling, James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Heliotrope, per doz. 3 0-60 Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0 Ivy Geraniums, doz. 4 0-60 Lilium Harrisi, 12,18 0-3") 0 Lobelia, per doz. ... 3 0- 6 0 Marguerites, per doz. 6 0-12 0 Migaonette, doz. pota 4 0-80 Musk, per doz. ... 2 0-40 Palms, various, each 2 0-10 0 — specimens, eachlO 6-84 0 Pelargoniums, p. doz. 8 0-12 0 — scarlet, p. doz. 2 0-40 Roses, Fairy, p. doz. 5 0-80 SpireBas, per doz. ... 6 0-12 0 s.d. s.d. Adiantum, per doz. 4 0-12 0 Arum, per dozen ... 6 0-90 Aspidistras, per doz. 18 0-63 0 Begonias, per doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Calceolaria, per doz. 3 0-60 Coleus, per doz. ... 4 0- 6 0 Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-10 0 Dracaenas, each ... 10-50 Echeveria pyramida- lis, per doz. ...12 0-24 0 Ericas, various, doz. 12 0-itJ 0 Ferns, various, doz. 4 0-90 — per 100 ... 8 0-15 0 Ficus elastica, each 16-76 Fuchsia, per doz. ... 4 0-90 Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. x. d. Apples, Tasmaniao, per case 4 0-80 Cherries, £-sieve ... 3 0-76 Grapes, per lb. ... 10-26 Lemons, per case ...12 0-25 0 s. d. 8. d. Melons, each ... 10-30 Peaches, per doz. ... 3 0-10 0 Pine-apples, St. Mi- chael, each ... 2 0-60 Strawberries, per lh. 0 3-10 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Myosotis, or Forget- me-not, 12 bunches 16-40 Pansies 10 2 0 Pieonies, doz. bun.— 9 0-18 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per 12 bun. — 12 sprays Poppies, 12 bunches s.d. s. d. Arum, per doz. bl. ... 3 0- 4 o Canterbury Bells, doz. bunches 2 0-40 Carnations, 12 blms. 0 9-16 — 12 bunches ... 3 0-60 Cornflower, 12 bun. 16-30 Eucharis, per dozen 2 6-40 Gardenias, per dozen 16-30 Heliotrope. 12 sprays 0 5-06 Primula, double Iris ... 12 bunches 6 0 12 0 Pyrethrum ... Lilium candidum, 12 bloom ... 0 6-09 — 12 bunches ...180240 — Harrisii, doz.... 2 6-40 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bunches ... 4 0-60 Marguerites, per ioz. bunches 3 0-40 4 0-60 0 6-10 2 0-60 4 0-60 2 0-40 Roses, Tea, per dozen 0 9-20 — coloured, dozen 10-16 — yellow (Mare- chals),perdoz. 2 0-50 — red, per dozen... 10-20 — Moss (French) 12 bunches 6 0-12 0 — outdoor, 12 bun. 2 0-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-60, Spiroeas, 12 bunches 40-60 Orchids:— Stocks, doz. bunches 3 0-60 Cattleya, 12 blms. 4 C- 8 0 Sweet Peas, doz. bun. 4 0- 6 n Odontoglossum — Sultan, 12 bun. 2 U- 4 0 crispum,12blms. 10-40] TuberoseB, 12 blms. 04-09 Orohid-bloum in variety. Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices. r, d. s. d. ArtichokesGlobe.ea. 0 4-06 Asparagus, perbund. 16-60 Beans, French, lb. ... 2 6-30 Beet, red, per dozen 2 0-30 Carrots, per bunch... 0 4-06 Ciuliflowers, each ... 0 3-06 Cucumbers, each ... 0 6-09 Endive, per dozen ... 2 0-30 Herbs, per bunch ...09-10. *. d. s. d. Lettuces, per doz. ... 16-20 Mushrooms, punnet 2 0- ... Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Parsley per bunch... 0 3-06 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel 3 6- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9-13 Turnips, per bunch... 0 4-00 Potatos. New Putatos.— Kidneys, 5s. to 6s. Qd. ; Rounds, 4s. Qd. to 5s. Market dull. Old Potatos.— Season virtually over. Best samples com- mand 100s. to 120s. per ton. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : Ju'y n.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Mer- chants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, London, S.E., write that today's market presented quite an idle appearance. Actual sowing requirements are just now at a minimum, and no speculation whatever has sprung up. Some American Red Clover-seed lying in London has been taken for reshipment to New York. The new French Trifolium comes g od and cheap. White Mustard seed hardens in value; choice qualities are now in narrow compass. Rape-seed keeps strong. For Haricot BeaDs there is a rather better request. Canadian Blue Peas tire being bought to be sent back to America. In Canary seed the tendency continues upwards. Hempseed sells slowly. There is no alteration in either Buckwheat, Dari, or Millet. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields, July 5.— Quotations : —Cabbages, 2s. 9d, to 5s, Qd. per tally ; Greens, Is. Qd. to 2s. ; Turnips, 2s. Qd. to 3s. ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. 8rf. ; Spring Onions, 3s. to 4s. ; Parsley, Is. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; Cauliflowers, Is. Qd. to 2s. ; Cab- bage Lettuce, 4d to Qd. ; frame Cucumbers, Is. Qd. to 2s. Qd. ; natural do.. Is. to Is. 3d. per doz. ; Peas. 3s. to 5s. per bushel ; Cos Lettuce, Ad. to Qd. per score ; Mustard and Cress, Is. Qd. to 2s. per dozen basket*; Horseradish, Is. to Is. Id. per bundle; New Zealand Apples, 5s. to 8s. per box; foreign Tomatos, Is. to Is. Qd. per box ; Gooseberries, 2s. Qd. to 3s. 3d. ; Black Currants, 8s. Qd. to 10s. per half-sieve; Strawberries, 2s. to 4s. per peck. Borough: July 5.— Quotations :— Cauliflowers, 2s. Qd. to 4s. per dozen ; Cabbages, 4s. to 5s. per tally ; Peas, 2s. Qd. to 3s. per bushel; Spinach, Is. 3d. to 2s. Qd. per bushel; Greens, 2s. ; new Carrots. 3s. Qd. to 4s. ; Spring Onions, 4s. to 6*. per dozen bunches; Egyptian do., 4s. to 5s. per cwt. ; English Apples, 5s. to 10s. per bushel; Canadian do., 12s. to 20s. per barrel. Stratford. July 5.— There has been a good supply of all kinds of produce at this market during the past week, and a brisk trade was done at the undermentioned quotations : — Cabbages. 2s. Qd. to 6s. per tally; Greens, Is. Qd. to 2s. per bag; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bundles; Carrots, house- hold, Is. to 3s. do. ; Mangolds, 16s. to 22s. per ton ; Green Peas, 5s, Qd. to 7s. Qd. per bag ; Onions, Egyptian, 80s. to 100s. p»r ton; Apples, Tasmanian, Qs. to 7s. Qd. per case; Cucum- bers, 2s. to 4i. per dozen; do.. Dutch field, Is. Qd. to 3s. 3d.. do. ; Strawberries, 2s. 3d. to 3s. 2d. per peck ; Gooseberries, 2s. to 3s. per half-sieve ; do., 4s. to 5s. per flat ; Tomatos, 10s. to 12s. per case. Farringdon : July 7.— Quotations :— Peas, 5s. to 6s. per bag; Cherries, 4s. to 6s. per half-sieve; Currants, Qs. to 7s. do. ; Gooseberries, 5s. to 6s. per ha'f-bushel ; yellow do. (ripe), 2s. Qd. to 3*. 3d. per half-sieve ; Flemish Cherries, 4s. Qd. per half-sieve ; Strawberries. 2s. 9d, per peck ; foreign Tomatos, Qd. per box of 18 lb. ; Cabbages, 4s. to 6s. per tally ; spring Onions, 4s. to 5s. per dozen bunches; Cos Lettuce, Sd. to Is. per score ; Egyptian Onions, 90s. to 100s. per ton. POTATOS. Spitalfields: Ju'y 5.— Quotations:— New : Jersey Kid- neys, Qs. to 6s. Qd. ; do. Flukes, Qs. Qd. to 7s. ; Cherbourg Rounds, 5s. Qd. to 6s. ; do. Kidneys, 6s. to 6s. 9d. ; do. Flukes, 6s. Qd. to 7s. ; St. Malo Rounds, 5s. Qd. to 5s. o •< 1 s n o t o y I* 3 n ■-■ d a s as % • !r On M 5? - _ P a d °a < Day- . tid. and 2s. $d. per bottle. — Makers, CORRY and CO., Limited. lrt, Finsbury Street, E.C, Sold by all Nurserymen and Florists. GARDEN NETTING.— Buy direct from the Makers. Try a sample piece of our bes', quality, water- proof, tanned, and oiled, 4 yards by 50 yards, 8s. ; second quality, 5s. Trade supplied. SPASHETT and CO., Net Manufacturers, Lowestoft. HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries. Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c.( constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all oases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c. always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGE P. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. CROMPTON & FAWKES, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, CHELMSFORD. BOOK of Photo-Lithographed Sketches of Winter Gardens, Ranges of Hothouses, Vineries, Architectu- ral Conservatories, &c, of various Designs and Sizes, recently con- structed, erected, fitted, and heated complete by us in different parts of thecountry; with particularsof the most successful Hotwater Heating Apparatus of the century. Post-free on application. Exhibits at Stand 1 and Insectivor- ous House, International Horti- cultural Exhibition, Earl's Court. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE PUBLISHER'S NOTICES. ♦ Gardeners' Chronicle Telegrams. — The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " Gardchron, London." ADVERTISEMENTS. Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. Lines 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 14 AND SUPEKCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20, . tf set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30l. Page, SS; Hall Page, £4 lot. j Column. £3. £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 fl 0 3 6 16 . 0 9 0 0 4 0 17 . 0 9 6 0 i 6 18 . 0 10 0 0 6 0 19 . 0 10 fi 0 5 6 20 . 0 11 0 0 6 0 21 . 0 11 6 0 6 6 22 . 0 12 0 0 7 0 23 . 0 12 6 0 7 6 24 . 0 13 (1 0 S 0 26 J» • . 0 13 6 Publishing Office and office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington St., Sthand. W.C. The GREATEST NOVELTY of the AGE! • SA M DE A RDS' PATENT SELF-WATERING SHELF FOR PLANTS ON SHELVES. Now on view at Stand 11. Block A, Horticultural Exhibition, Earl's Court, S.W. ITS ADVANTAGES ARE— 1st.— No waste of water, all water being absorbed by the plants. 2nd.— Saving of three-fourths of the labour in watering. 3rd.— The plants are watered mo»e naturally tbau by any other method. 4th.— All drip and water dropping from shelves to plants beneath entirely prevented. 5th.— Not a drop of manure-water is lost, all bting absorbed by the plants. 6th.— A boy can do the work of a man. 7th. — A row of plants 10') yards long can be watered without walking a yard to do it. SAM DEARDS & CO. (Limited), 21, Eldon St., E.C. ; Victoria Works, Harlow, Essex. GARDEN KEQUiSilE S.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work. Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of — WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street. London.E.C. HORTICULTURAL SHADINGS and NETTINGS, TIFFANY, COTTON WOOLS, and WADDINGS. Supplied Wholesale by— JOSEPH COOKSON, 21, New Cannon Street, Manchester. ORCHID PEAT; best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER and CO , Farnborough. Hants FIRST-CLASS ENLARGED PORTRAITS from Life or from Photograph, well-finished by hand— 10 inch, 4s. id. ; 12-inch, 7*. id. ; 18-inch, 12s. id. On mounts for framing. Send Photo and P.O..orcall —FRANCIS & CO.. 2, Creed Lane. Ludgate, E.C. (late 29 Ludgate Hill). Estb.. 1886. If you want to know THE BEST WAY TO POT YOUR CHRYSANTHEMUMS, send for CHRYSANTHEMUMS, AND HOW TO GROW THEM." By C. E. SHEA, Esq. Post-free Nine Stamps. — H. J. JONES, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham. THE FRUIT GARDEN of the UNIVERSE. —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Chaffey Brothers), established and regulated by Government, OFFER an enjoyable life and OCCUPATION, a sunny and salubrious climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large capital ; pamphlet free. CHAFFEY BROTHERS, Limited, 3-=>, Queen Victoria Street, London. E.C. J. E. M. Vincent, Chief Commissioner BOILING WATER OR MILK. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING COCOA BREAKFAST-SUPPER. 54 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 9, 1892. HOLIDAY TRAVEL AND ITS RISKS SHOULD BE COVERED BY AN INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS WITH THE OLDEST AND LARGEST COMPANY, THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO. For Prospectuses, apply to Agents, Railway Stations, and -■{I-flST"- 64, CORNHILL, LONDON. Established 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS, and SHARES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thntt the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows interest, at the rate of THREK PER CENT, per annum, on each completed £1. BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post- free. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. LIFE ASSURANCE AT COST ABOUT HALF THE USUAL RATES. MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK. E. B. HARPER, President. PURELY MUTUAL. Absolute Security. Strict Economy. The most successful Life Assurance Company in the World. Total amount of Insurance in force, 1891 £44,190.535 New Business, 1891 £10,270,968 New Business accepted, 1891 £9,100,403 Total Death Claims paid £2.464,065 Saving to Members by its System, about £6,000,000 Chief Office for Great Britain : 90, QUEEN STREET, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON. E.C. GLASS I CHEAP GLASS I In Stock Sizes. ,.„,,. 0 -,(12X10,18X12,18X14,24X14 15-oz.,per 100 ft. 8s. 6d ) Uxl2_ 20xl2> 18xl6| 24xlts 2L-OZ., „ "s-aa- ( 16x12, 16X14,20X16, 24X18, &c. Paints and Varnishes at Low Prices. Flooring, 5s. per square; Matching, 4s. ; 2 X 4, at \d. per foot run ; 2 X 7 at Id. Horticultural Work of all descriptions, Ironmongery, &c. CATALOGUES Free. THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72. Bishopsqate Street Within, London, E.C. GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. — COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, Is. 2d. per sack, 10 for 12s., 20 for 20s., 30 for 28s., sacks free ; 2-ton truck, 30s., free on rail near works. Fine ORCHID PEAT, 8s. id. per sack. BROWN FIBROUS do., 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. id. BLACK do , 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20s. FIBROUS LOAM, LEAF-MOULD, and PEAT-MOULD, each 3s. per Back. Coarse SILVER-SAND. Is. id. per bushel, 14s. A ton, 25s. per ton. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack. SPHAGNUM, 7s. id. per sack ; all sacks and bags, 2d. each. RUSSIA MATS, 10s. id. to 19s. per dozen. RAFFIA, VIRGIN CORK. STAKES, &c. BONES, J-mch, lis. per cwt. Pure BONE- DUST, lis. id. TOBACCO-PAPER, Spen'alite, lOrf. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s. CLOTH, Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. Price List, free. W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South wark Street, Loudon, S.E, GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. R. Day, for the last six years Gardener at Sminyside, Bedford, as Head Gardener to J. B. Clarke, Esq., End- wood Court, Handsworth, near Birmingham. Mr. R. Poole, as Head Gardener to J. W. Benson, E?q , Walton Oaks, Walton-on-the-Hill, Surrey. Mr. M. Field, late of Shrublands, Horsham, as Gardener to A. Slee, Esq., Knowle Green House, Staines. THE ADVERTISER, who is about to open up a Wholesale Department 1o his Retail Business, is desirous of ENGAGING a competent SALESMAN, possessing a thorough and practical knowledge of- the Horticultural Trade. Must be a first-class correspondent and a good writer. One who has had London experience preferred. Character must bear very strict investigation. — Apply, by letter only, giving experience, age, references, salary expected, &c, to GEORGE PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Reading, Berks. ARMITAGE BROS., Nottingham, are in IM- MEDIATE WANT of a thoroughly efficient MAN, as MANAGER to their Wholesale and Retail Seed and Bulb Business. WANTED, for one of the finest places in Great Britain, a first-class ORCHID GROWER, to take entire charge, under the Heid Gardener. Wages, 285. and bothy.— All particulars, by letter, to SANDERS', St. Albans. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER where two are kept. Thoroughly experienced in forcing Peaches, Grapes. Country. Wife good dairy woman, and to take charge of house during absence from borne. Personal characters indispensable. No children. Write to PEACH, Witling's, 162, Piccadilly, W. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER, for Normandy (France), where another is kept. Must be trustworthy, and thoroughly competent, hard-working, and understanding all branches of Gardening, married, no encumbrances. Wages, £5pprmonth, with cottage and coals found. Also, UNDER GARDENER. Wages, 16s. per week, and Bedroom. None without good testi- monials need apply.— Write, stating age, and giving addresses and full particulars of last employers, to REID, Etretat, France. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN in a Nursery containing about 10,000 square feet of Glass, where every description of Plants are grown for Sale. Must be a thoroughly competent and trustworthy man, not under 30. Character "must bear strictest investigation. Preference given to one acquainted with the London Trade.— Apply, stating wages, &c, to BRISTOW and CO., Barnes, S.W. WANTED, AT ONCE, a reliable WOItK- ING FOREMAN, where Fruit Trees, Roses, and Straw- berries are the specialties. — Wages, references, and full particulars, toX. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly experienced in the Growing and Forcing of Grape* (chiefly Muscats); also Ro>e-* (out blooms) for Market. Good salary and encouragement given.— Write full details to D. C. H., Gardefiers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a JOBBING GARDENER ; must have good reference for steadi- ness, ability, and sobriety. JAMES NAYLOR, Roxeth, Harrow. V\i'ANTED, for a large Fruit Tree Nursery, H several good RUDDERS ; permanent employment to really good men.— Apply, stating experience and wages ex- pected to N. BURGESS (Manager), Yew Tree Cottage, West Dra\too, near Uxbridge, Middlesex. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a steady respectable MAN (single), who understands Nursery work, Vinery, and growing Cucumbers, &c. — A. DUCKERING AND SONS, East Buikwith, Lincolnshire. WANTED, a good INDOOR MAN.— State wages required and full particulars.— H. ENGLISH, Clapton Nursery, near Clevedon. WANTED, AT ONCE, a young MAN com- petent to grow Chrysanthemus, Tomatos, Strawberries, &c, for Market. Must have a good practical knowledge, statiDg experience, terms, &c, including bothy. — TURNER BROS., 2, Parfcer Street, Liverpool. WANTED, an Outside JOURNEYMAN (Fihst).— Must be experienced in Growing all kinds of Vegetables and outside Fruits for Market. Bothy. — Wages, references. &c, to MANAGER, Gardens, Ballindean, Iuch- ture, N.B. WANTED, a good quick trustworthy MAN, for Outside Nursery Work. — State wages expected and give reference— Apply, GRAY and CO., Worthing. WANTED, a young Man, for The Fruit and Plant-houses, and to assist Outside, if wanted, nof. under ?5. Wages. 17s. per week, and Bothy. — Apply, T. TOWNEND, High Melton, Doncaster. WANTED, GOOD HANDS at GRAPE THINNING.— Nearest railway station, Kiekroansworth. —Apply, E. BENNETT, Harelield Grove, Uxbridge. WANTED, a young MAN, usedTo~Potting, Watering, &c. Wages 18s. per week.— WALStfAW AND SON, The Nurseries, Scarborough. WANTED7 ^ young MAN, for Outdoor Nursery Work (Midlands). Must 1)5 a good Budder and Grafter.— Apply, NURSERY, 32, Mordaunt Street, Stockwell, London. WANTED, a young MAN that could do local Travelling, attend Flower Shows and Markets.— Must have a good knowledge of Seeds, Bulbs, and Nursery Stock generally.— Apply, stating age, wage expected, to J, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a strong active industrious young MAN for Lawn work. One that can use horse and hand mowing machines and scythe well. Wages, 13s. per week, no bothy. Good character.— HEAD GARDENER, Compton House, Stockbridge, Hants. WANTED, by a NURSERYMAN, an ex- perienced WREATH and CROSS -MAKER, for West Lancashire, to fill up spare time in the Greenhouses. — Apply, with full partbulars, wages expected, and age, to FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Florist. WANTED, a young LADY, as SECOND HAND. Mujt be a good hand at Posies, Wreaths, Sprays, Button-holes. — Address, with photo., stating terms, age, &c, TURNER BROS, 2, Parker Street, Liverpool. WANT PLACES. TO GAKDENERS, AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. The Pressure upon our space at this season of the pear is so great, we are compelled to state that advertisements received after 6 p.m. on Wednesday will, in all probability, be held over to the next week. Advertisers are cautioned against having letters addressed to initials at Post-offices, at all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 337 and 238, High Holborn, W.C. ANDERS, St. Albans, oan thoroughly RECOMMEND several first-class HEAD GARDENERS. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, tec. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of l he highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, Chester." s RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving ipphcations from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman witfc particulars, Ac. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING and SONS oan at present recommend with every confidence several energetio and practical Men of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladiesand Gentlemen in wantof G ABDENERS and BAILIFFS and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single-handed Situations, can be suited and have full par- ticulars by applying at Stanstead Park Nurseries, Forest Hill London, S.E. ' GARDENER (Head).— A Lady wishes^to recommend her Head Gardener, who thoroughly under- stands all branches. Age 44, single; fifteen years' charade-. — MissC. BOLITHO, Trengwainton, Penzance. GARDENER (Head).— Mr. Clarke, Head Gardener to the Earl of Lonsdale, louthe: Castle, Penrith, can with every coohdencs recommend his Foemao lo any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man, experienced in all branches. C^ARDENER (Head); age 27.— Through T breaking up his establishment, a Gentleman wishes to recommend his late Head Gardener.— JOSEPH WALDEN, John Perkins & Son, 52, Market Square, Northampton. GARDENER (Head Working).— A Lady wishes to recommend a thoroughly practical all-round Gardener who lived fifteen years in the family ; only left owing to establishment being broken up through a death — W. BROWN, 1, Stockwell Street, Cambridge. . . BONUS (on engagement) for information '' leading Advertiser to a situation as HEAD GAR- DENER where two or three others are kept. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Good references. — W.,41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head).— Age 33; married; practical in Vinery, Orchard-house, Stove and Green- house, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, Early and Late Forcing, Mushrooms, &c— S. E., 4, Cemetery Road, Wellington, Salop. GARDENER (Head) ; married.— William E. Close, Thorington Hall. Darsham, Sixmundharu, having resigned his situation (satisfactory reason given) offers his services toauy Lady or Gentleman requiring an industrious, sober, and practically-experienced man. Testimonials and reference from employer and previous situations. _p/t will be given for information leading to c**>*J Advertiser's appointment as HEAD GARDENER, where several are kept, or married FOREMAN'S place in a good establishment.— Age 32; seventeen years' practical ex- perience. Highly recommended.— BONUS, Mrs. Ireland, Adelaide Place, Castle Street, Canterbury. GARDENER (Head), Scotch, open for engagement. Eighteen years' experience in leading Scotch places. Thoroughly qualified in all branches. Gocd references. — R, DUNLOr*, Rosemount, Monkton. Ayrshire. GARDENER (Head Working), where two are k**pt; age 27. — J. Anderson, Gardener, Charman Dean, Worthing, wishes to recommend his Foreman, J. Skinner, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. Twelve years' experience. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married, no family; eighteen years' good practical ex- perience in all branches. Go?d testimonials. Two South Kensington certificates.— H. LAURENCE, Albert Terrace, High Street, Saodown, £ July 9, 1892.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 55 GARDENER (Head, Working), where two or three are kept.— Well up in all branches. Highly recommended by present employer; leaving through deatn. — E. A., Updowu Hill, Windleabam, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— F. Cor- nish. The Gardens, Joldwynds, Dorhing, wishes to re- commend his Foreman, J. Pullen, thoroughly practical in all branches, including Orchids, Hardy Alpines, and Herbaceous Plants. Excellent character. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married, one child, five and a half years; Head in pre- Eent situation with management of General Stock. Well versed in the routine of good Gardening Inside and Out. — HILL, 22, Tolliugton Road, Holloway, N. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married, one child, five years. Thorough industrious Man; a good all-round gardener. Highest character. — HUGHES, 32, Mountash Road, Sydenham, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working, or Single- handed). — Age 28, married; experienced. Seven years' personal reference from last employer.— C. TUCKER, Holder's Hill House, Hendon, N.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married ; thorough practical knowledge of all branches. Four years' in present situation ; leaving through breaking up of establishment. Strongly recommended by present em- ployer.—A. BARKER, The Gardens, Marton Hall, Martou K. S. 0., Yorks. GARDENER (Head Working).- Age 30, two children, youngest 4 years ; thoroughly understands Gardening in all branches, Early and Late Forcing, Peaches, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, and MuHhrooms. Testimonials, aod five years* character.— CHARLES LAWES, Edmondsham, Cranborne, Dorset. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married, no incumbrance ; twenty-one years in first- class situations. Can be well recommended. — W. W. A., 3, Princess Terrace, New Bilton, Rugby. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married ; thoroughly practical. Melons, Grapes, Peaches, Pines, Orchids, stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Expeiienced from large establish- ments. Special knowledge of Hardy Fruit Culture — WILLIAM, Darley Abbey, Derby. GARDENER (Head Working); age 36, married, without family — Advertiser, who has had a thorough training in all branches of Gardening, and sixteen years' experience in First-class Establishments, would be glad to send full particulars to any Lady or Gentleman requiting a First-class Gardener. Excellent references. Four years in present place. — GEORGE BLOOMFIELD, Ashtead Park Gardens, near Epsom. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 31, married, two children; thoroughly understands Gardening in all branches. Fifteen > ears' experience. Present situation consists of Orchard- house, 2 Vineries, Cucumber and Tom a to- ho uses, Plaut-house, and large Kitchen Garden. Can also recommend a good Boy. — W. W. ATFIELD, Bellaggto Lodge, East Grinstead. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed). — Age 30, married, one child ; good character. Fifteen years' experience.— HORTUS, 77, Daubrook Road, South Streatham, Loudon. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed).— Age 30, married, one child ; practical expe- rience in all branches. Three years' personal character, five previous.— W. COFFEY, Haye* Grove, Hayes, Kent. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed). — Vinej, Melons. Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character.— A. BOOKER, 143. Steel Road, Acton Lane, Willesden. Orchid Grower. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). — Skilful Grower of Orchids, Pitcher Plants, Grapes, Pines, Melons, Peaches, &c. Twenty years' experience and characters.— J. HOWARD, 2, Tenuent Street, Birmingham. GARDEN ER (Single-handed, or good Second).— Age 23; understands Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden, Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Chry- santhemums. Nine years' experience. Good references.— B., 9, Clarendon Terrace, Maida Vale, W. GARDENER (Single). — Vines, Fruits Flowers, and Vtgetablcs.-McPHERSON, Bowhouse, Perthshire. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where help is giveD). Married. Has had guod experience; can be well recommended.— W. CROOK, 12, Courland Grove Clapham, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 25, single; understands Greenho^e, Flower and Kitchen GardeD. Two years in last place.— BLUNDELL, Archbishop's Lodge, Aduington Park. Croyuou, Surrey. G ^.ARDENER (Second), Inside and Out, in a A Gentleman's establishment, where four or five are kept. — Age 22, single ; twelve mouths' good character.— F. STENT, Southborough, Bickley, Kent. GARDENER (Second). — Age 24 ; ten years' piactical experience in well-kept private places, both Inside and Out. Can be well recommended. Bothy preferred.— FOREMAN, 20, KinglStreet, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Second), in the Houses.— Age 23. Nine years' experience in all branches ; good characters. Bothy preferred.— S. FUNNELL, The Gardens, Little Gaddesden House, Birkhampstead, Herts. GARDENER (Second, under a Foreman, or Under).— Age 20; strong. Inside and Out. Particulars from STEPHEN CASTLE. F.R.H.S., manager. Ashford Vine- yard, Fordingbridge. GARDENER (Second), in a. good establish- ment.— Age 24 ; nine years' thorough experience in the general routine of Garden Work. Well recommended.— THOMAS UMPLEBY, Bolnore Cottage, Huywanl's Heath. GARDENER (where help is given, or Single- handed).— Age 30, married when mited ; fifteen years' experience in good establishments. Excellent testimonials and references. — EDWARD ANHWKI.L, Morhanger, Sandy. GARDENER.— Age 27, married; understands Forcing of Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character.— A. BARKER, Moorfield House, Railway Street, Hertford, Hert«. GARDENER.— Age 30; life experience in well-appointed Gardens, North and South. Last two years at Lord Northbourne's. Excellent character — ELLERKER, 21, Burnaby Street, Chelsea. GARDENER.— Age 38, married.— A gentle- man wishes to recommend his Gardener, thoroughly experienced. — AUCKLAND, The Haven, Crowley Down, Sussex. ARDENER, of experience, and good alf- round worker.— Age 30. married. Well used to Glass plants. Two and a half years' service, and three years previous. Good character from present employer.— HY. BRYAN, Gardener, Barton Lodge, Nottingham. I JJ.ARDENER. — Middle-aged, married, no \J children; understands all branches; Stock. Eleven years' personal chiracter. Leaving through County Council taking grounds.— J. T., 248, Boundary Road, Walthamstow. GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; seven ye irs' experience Inside and Out.— E. GODDARD, The Gardens, Monyhull Hall, King's Heath, near Birmingham. OARDENER (Under). — Age 23, single; y^A chietly Kitehen Garden and Pleasure Grounds; good references.— T. FRANKLIN. Shipton, Chipping Norton. GAUDENEEr(UNDER).— Age 25, married well up to Lawns and Kitchen Garden. Good character from last situation.— H. B., 4, Watt's Lane, Teddington, Middlesex. G~ J. ARDENER (Under).— Age 19; situation X wanted by a young man, who has had three years' expe- rience, Inside and Out. Good character.— W. PROWTING, Stargrove, Newbury. GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; abstainer. Inside or Inside and Out. Can be well recommended. — G. MILLS, Froyle, Alton, Hants. To Gardeners. GARDENER (Under), in a good Establish- ment.—a young man (age 21) desires re-engagement as above. Good references.— CHARLEj STONEHOUSE, H. Ackerley, Esq., Burtholme, Wigan. GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Age 21. Can have good character from last situation. Bothy preferred, near London.— R. BARTON, The Rise, Sunningdale, Berks. GARDENER (Under), in Gentleman's garden preferred. — Age 20; six years' experience in Kitchen and Pleasuie Grounds. Good references; abstainer — A. D., 7, Queen's Road, Winchester, Hants. C> ARDENER (Under), in the Houses, in a A Gentleman's establishment. — Age 21; five years' expe- rience. Inside and Out. Excellent reference. — E. S., 126, Chatham Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. GARDENER (Under); age 22; Inside and Out.— Wm, SXEGGS, Gardener, West Lodge, Barnet, Herts, can recommend J. Sargent, to any gardener that re- quires a steady young man. Also, a LAD (age 17) that would make himself useful in the garden. GARDENER, FOREMAN, or SECONDTH good private establishment.— Age 27, single; life ex- perience Inside and Out. Seven and half years* as Foreman in last two places. Good references.— WM. WRIGHT, Tilbury, Halstead, Essex. To the Trade. MANAGER and SALESMAN, or FORE- MAN (Indoors).— Age '*9, single ; first-class reference1*, and experience in all branches. Could take journey. —J. W., Plummer's Plain, Horsham, Sussex. CHOPMAN (Head), oT MANAGER.— tO Married; sixteen years' first-class experience in Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Flowers, and Sundries. Exct-llent Testimonials. —DELTA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GROWER.— Age 23. Well up in Grapes, Tomatos, plants, &c. Accustomed to grow in quantity for London Markets; excellent references.— VITH, 2, Rosalm Villas, Duraot's Road, Fonder's End. OREMAN, in a small Nursery.— Age 30; well up in Ferns, Grapes, Tomatos. Cucumbers, Wreaths, &c— A. W., 6, The Terrace, Grove Road, Mitcham, S.W. rFO FLORISTS— Advertiser has successfully •T" ManaKed a 'arge Florist business in a Northern town for the last twelve years; is of good address, with a thorough knowledge of the Wreath, Bouquet, and Decorative Trade. Will be disengaged in August.— J. J., 8. Park Road, Wim- bledon, S W. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER. -*- —Well-up in Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, Roses. Bouvardiaa, Ferns, Palms, and the general Pot and Cut Market Stuff.-FORE.MAN, Primrose Nursery, Sidcup, Kent. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN (First), in -*- a good private establishment.— Age 24 ; over eleven years experience in good places. Good testimonials. — J. GODDARD, Wcodham Lane. Woking. Surrey. FOREMAN (Working), and PROPAGATOR in the Houses, in all kinds of Soft-wooded Stuff.— I. J. ORPWOQD, 82, Cowley Mill Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN (First), Inside.— Age 23; tl seven years' good experience. Can be highly recom- mended from last situation.— F. FRANCIS, 4, West Street, Nursery Road. Chester. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses. Advertiser can recommend a strong active young min, age 24, as above.— R. MIDDLETON, Exbury. Southampton. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a good establishment.— Age 24; eight years' experience; good characters — E. C. TEGG, Uplyme, Devon. JOURNEYMAN.- Age 22. Six years' expe- rience in Stove, Ferns, and general Market Stuff. Good character.— C. H. C, 6, Perryman's Farm Road, Barking Side, Ilford, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 23.— Mr. KINKS, Gardener, Brocket Hall, can highly recom- mend a young man.— W. WHEELER, Blackmore End, Welwyn, Herts. JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 19; four years' good chiracter. Abstainer. — AVORY, Gardens, Northwood, Winchester. JOURNEYMAN (Inside).— Experienced in Vines, Orchids, Greenhouse, &c.— C. STROUD, 39, Balham Hill, London, S.W. JOURNEYMAN, or GARDENER (Second); tJ Inside, or Inside and Out. Seven years' experience; Fifteen months in last situation.— W, DUDNEY, Mar^h Cottages, Greenhithe, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good Establishment, or Second where four or five are kept. —Age 24; bothy preferred. Excellent character.— W. A., Little Linford, Newport Pagnell, Bucks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 10; five years' experience. Good character. Bothy preferred. — E. B., 2o, Denyer Street, Marlboro' Road, Chelsea, S.W. JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden, Inside or Inside and Out.- -Age 20 ; five years' experience ; good character.— T. JEFFRIES, The Gardens, Hildon House, Stockbridge, Hants. IMPROVER, Inside and Out.— Age 18;~two years' character, and two years' previous. Bothy pre- ferred.—HEAD GARDENER, Bed wellty Lodge, Tredegar, Mon. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out, in Private Gardens. — Age 18. Two and a half years' good character. Bothy preferred.— A. DOWNES, Burfeham, Alton, Hants. JMPROVER— Mr. Wm. Eatwell, Burderop JL Park, Swindon, Gardener to Captain Calley, can thoroughly recommend a young man as Improver. Four years' good character. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 18; two years' good character. No bothy. — A. H., Watlington Park, Downham, Norfolk. T~~0 GARDENERS.— Wanted, by a YOUTH (age 19), a situation in a Gentleman's Garden. Good character. Premium if required. Four years' experience. — A. BOOKER, 59, Ringford Road, Wandsworth, S.W. TO NURSERYMEN, &c.— Situation wanted by a young Man, age 27, Inside or Inside and Out. Six: years' in last situation.— GEO. BOON, Thorncombe, Chard. GARDENERS' HANDYMAN wants work. Painter. Glazier. Willing to fill up time at anything useful. Job not objected to. Any district. Own tools.— G., 55, Stockwell Green. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— Shortness of Breath, Coughs, and Colds.— Thousands of testimonials can be produced to prove the power possessed by these corrective remedies in case* of asthma, incipient con- sumption, and all disorder* of the chest and lungs. The Oint- ment, well rubbed upon the chest and back, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and carried directly to the lungs, wh**re, in immediate contact with the whole mass of circulating blood, it neutralises or expels those impurities, which are the foun- dation of consumption, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and similar complaints. On the appearance of the first consump- tive symptoms, the back and chest of the patient should be fomented with warm brine, dried with a coarse cloth, and Holloway's Ointment then well rubbed in. Its absorption will subdue advancing symptoms, and baffle this formidable foe. 56 TEE GARDENERS' GERONICLEi [July 9, 1892. AWARDED TWENTY PRIZE MEDALS AT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS AT HOME AND ABEOAD. KEITHS PATENT BOILERS,™ CHALLENGE, VIADUCT, "PYTHON,*,, FOR HOT-WATER HEATING, "STAND FIRST," require no building wo'k around them, are entirely water-jacketed, and heat from 50 feet up to 20,000 feet of 4-inch pipe respectively. Many thousands are in use all over the world, and the Boilers are unrivalled in power and economy. Manufactured under 30 James Keith's Patents in Great Britain, United States, and Canada, This Engraving " illustrates the most powerful form of Boiler that has yet been made for Hot-water Circulation." — Extract from Hood, on Warming by Hot-water, New Edition, 1891. KEITH'S "PYTHON" BUILEK, as illustrated, has 1,000 square feet of effective heating-surface, with 17i square feet of fire-grate area, heats about 20,000 feet of 4-inch pipe, and is the Most Powerful and Complete Sectional " Special " Hot-water Heating Boiler in the World. JAMES KEITH (C.E., Assoc. M.Inst.CE.), Gas, Hydraulic, Heating, Ventilating, and Consulting Engineer. Established 1823. Contractor to Her Majesty's Government. 67, HOLBORN VIADUCT, LONDON, EC, ALSO AT EDINBURGH AND ARBROATH. > ORTi(?UIiFlJRAl£ ,<©ARBmfRrVvY&£> .file.1- Tmokwich:s ^ r > H W > Z Editorial communication* should be addressed to the "Editor ; " Advertisements and Bumii^s Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C. Pr-nted for the Proprietors by Messrs. BRADBURY, AONEW, & Co (Limited) Lombard Street, PrtCiuct of Whitefriar--, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Arthur George Martin, at the Office, 41, Wellington fc>tre«t, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in tne said County.— Saturday, July 9, 189J. Agent for Manchester— John Hey wood. Established i84i No. 290.-Vol.XII.{st™} SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1892. [Regt. as a Newspaper. \ r RICE 3d* I Post-free, 3±d. CONTENTS. Aristolochia elegans ... 74 Books, notices of : — Die Katurlichen Pflan- zenfamilien 72 Histoire des Planter ... 72 The Chrysanthemum and its growth ... 74 Bordeaux mixture ... 71 Botanical Magazine ... 71 Canford Manor 73 Carrots, colour in 74 Cut .lowers, trade in ... 74 Florists' flowers:— Auricula, the 67 Carnations and Picottes 67 Pansies and Violas ... 67 The Border Pink ... 67 Foreign correspondence ... 64 Buitenzorg Botanical Oardens 64 Poisons on American fruits 64 Fruit notes 6ft Hardy Apples 65 Laxton's Scarlet Quern Strawberry 65 Kniphofia pauci flora ... 65 Larch disease 6i Longford Castle 61 Mangosteens, imported ... 78 Mascarene Islands 65 Obituary 79 Wm. Toogood 79 Orchid notes and gleanings 61 Peas, cross-bred 73 Plant portraits 73 Plants. new or noteworthy Q2 Rhododendron racemo- sum 62 Plants, seeds on Rhododendron Falconeri... Scotland : — Cucumber disease in the North Inverleith nurseries ... Societies : — Brighton and Sussex ... Clifton and Bristol Zoo- logical Croydon Horticultural Dublin Rose Ealing Horticultural ... Ghent July Meeting ... Gloucestershire Rose ... Lee, Blackheath, and Lewisham Oxford Carnation and Picotee Union Reigate Rose Show Royal Horticultural ... Scottish Horticultural Winchester Horticul- tural Wolverhampton Horti- cultural Stocktaking : June Todea barbara, a giant ... Traveller's notes, a Vine, food requirements of the Week's work, the — Flower garden, the Fruits under glass Hardy fruit garden Kitchen garden, the ... Orchid-houses, the Plants under glass Wired walls for fruit twes ILLUSTRATIONS. Kniphofia pauciflora Peas, cross-bred Rhododendron ractmo um 70, M Now Ready, in Cloth, 11*. 6d., " The Gardeners' Chronicle," Vol. XL, Third Series, January to June, 1892. The Publishes, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. " Paxton's Calendar." New Edition, '• The Cot- tagers' Calendar of Garden Operationt," Price 3d., post-free, Z\d. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ISS JOLLIFFE CARNATIONS for Sale. Clean, healthy stuff. In 32's. Apply, W. B I N G L E Y, Pender's End. A BARGAIN, room wanted, one large PALM, Latania borbonica, for Sale, cheap. Apply to H. PITT, Nurseryman, Abergavenny. ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.— Please write for New Illustrated Price LIST of well- established, healthy, and easily-grown plants. W. L. LEWIS and CO., F.R.H.S., Chase Side, Southgate, London, N. Nursery, Orchid Road. T OVEL'S YORKSHIRE STRAWBERRIES. A—1 Well-rooted runners of Thury, Noble, Paxton, President Queen, and others. Sample Packet, &d. Price LIST on application. W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield, PRIMULAS ! PRIMULAS ! PKIMULAS ! 24th year of distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, Is. 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price ; also PRIMULA OBCONICA, id. each. Carriage free for cash with order. JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. Trade Offer of Large Palms. WICETON has a large Stock of the leading • kinds of Decorative PALMS from 6 to 25 feet high, fit for Conservatory and House Decorations ; Dracsenas, Bam- boos, and Foliage Plants. Lowest Prices quoted on application, W. ICETON, Putney, S.W. The Best Cabbage for Present Sowing. SUTTON'S FLOWER OF SPRING. — Remarkably early, compact habit, having few outer leaves, firm hearts of excellent quality. One ot the very best for spring use. ALFRED Oates, Esq., 126, N. Marine Road, Scarborough, says ; — "Your Flower of Spring Cabbages have been by far the best and earliest seen in this neighbourhood." Price of seed, Is. per ounce, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. N S. V HUMEA ELEGA Good plants can now be supplied by B. S. WILLIAMS and SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, London. N. AGAVE AMERICANA VARIEGATA.— Large Specimen to be disposed of, in perfect health and shape. C'OATES, Friars Street, Sudbury, Suffolk. JOHN COLLINGRIDGE is open to receive Consignments of Choice CUT FLOWERS for SALE, on COMMISSION. Highest references. New Flower Market, and 5, Russell Court, Strand, W.C. CHOICE FRUIT ! — CHOICE FRUIT ! Highest market prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HRNRY RIDES. Centre Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. WD. BUNDAY, of Covent Garden Market, • and 37, Exeter Street, W.C. is open to SELL on COMMISSION, TOMATOS, GRAPES, &c. Good references. MESSRS. SQUELCH and WOOD, Fbuit Salesmen, North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of GRAPES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, and all kinds of HOT-HOUSE PRODUCE. Our business connections being amongst the best houses in London, we are in a position to secure the highest prices for all choice goods. Account Sales forwarded daily and cheques weekly, or daily if required. Empties and labels supplied. Reference. London and County Bank, Covent Garden Branch. The Best Present for a Gardener. I N E S and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition, just out. Price 55., post-free, 5*. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. Offered by a Wholesale Grower, LILY CROWNS, true Berlin variety, from Sandy soil. Selected 3-yr.-old Crowns, large- flowered, for Early Forcing. 21 s. per 1000. Free on board Hamburg, in baskets of 5000 each. Address — Z. 30, Postant39, Berlin, Germany. SCAKLET VAN THOL TULIPS, 25 6d. per 100 ; 235. per 1000. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, average bulbs, Is. Ad, per dozen ; 105. per 100. The pick of the market, nearly 6 inches round, 2s. per dozen ; 15s. per 100. NARCISSUS ORNATUS, 9d. per dozen; 5s. 6d. per 100. GOLDEN SPUR, the finest yellow forforcing, 3s. 6d. per dozen ; 255. per 100; FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA, 15. per dozen; 5s. 6d. per 100 ; extra fine. Is. 3d. per dozen ; 9s. per 100. ROBERT SYDENHAM. Roseleigh, Birmingham. Many Acres of Lilies of the Valley ! TJANNOCH, Largest Grower of LILIES • OF THE VALLEY in the Kingdom, offers 3-year-old flowering Crowns for forcing, and 2 ana 1-year-old Crowns for planting out, of unsurpassed quality. Hundreds of testi- monials. Time of sendiDg out, November 1 to May 1. Prices and terms on application. T. JANNOCH (Lily of the Valley Grower by special appoint- ment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales), Dersingham, King's Lynn, Norfolk. WANTED, strong CUTTINGS of LA FKANCE, GLOIRE DE DIJON, and MAKECHAL NIEL KOSES.— T. W. WELLINGTON, Milton Nurseries, Milton, Lymington, Hants. WANTED, 100 to 1000 PIPINGS of HER MAJESTY PINKS. For cash, or in EXCHANGE for plants of MRS . SINKINS. Apply to— PETER SHERV1N, 122, Elswick Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 1,500,000 PARTERS' — THE BEST SEEDS. \J CARTERS' VICTORIA PRIZE CALCEOLARIA. CARTERS' BRILLIANT PRIZE CINERARIA. The finest strains in cultivation. Far in advance of all others. Price of seed in sealed packets, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. per packet, post-free. The Queen's Seedsmen, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. BRUSSELS SPROUTS (Sutton's). — 10,000 strong Plants— Is. per 100; is. per 1000. Dr. WOLFENDEN, Pangbourne. If) LARGE BARRELS of PANCEATIUMS, i yj as received, tu be sold at a very low price. Apply to J. C. STEVENS, 38, King St., Covent Garden, W.C. DAFFODILS FOR P O T T I N G.— HARTLAND'S THIRTY-SEX VARIETIES for FORC- ING PURPOSES. A Card, giving names and prices per 100, post-free to all applicants. The Bulbs are now ready, and simply magnificent. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, 24, Patri, k St., Cork. 1 000 000 LILIES OF THE VALLEY. X,V/V/V, \J\J\J The best Berlin Crowns ever offered for Early Forcing. Any quantity will be delivered on Nov. 1, of unsurpassed quality. Price upon application. 5000 FICUS iLASTICA, well-grown plants, with seven to ten good leaves, delivered free, on or before September 15. at £5 per 100. R. GULZOW and CO., Melbourne Nurseries, Bexley Heath. Kent. Seeds for Present Sowing. DICKSON and ROBINSON'S Superb Strains of the following are unsurpassed : — CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, GLOXINIA, and PRIMULA, Red, White, and Mixed Colours, each Is. <&d. and 2s. Qd. per packet, post-free. EXHIBITION DWARF EVERGREEN LAWN GRASS, per lb. Is., post-free, Is. 3d.; pel" cwt. ,100s, .carriage paid. Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE, post-free, on application. Seed Warehouse, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester. BARR'S SEEDS, BULBS and PLANTS. VEGETABLE SEEDS.— The best sorts only. Much valu- able information. CATALOGUE FBEE ON APPLICATION. FLOWER SEEDS.— Upwards of 2000 species and varieties, all decorative kinds. Catalogue fkee on application. BULBS. — Gladioli, Lilies, Anemones, Ranunculus, Hyacinthus candicans, Tigridiaa, &c, for Spring Planting, Lists on application. PLANTS. — Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunflowers, Double and Single Pseonies, Irises, Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions, Sec. Lists free on application. BABR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, London. NICOTJNE SOAP.— An effectual and speedy Eradicator of Scale, Thrips, Green Fly, Mealy Bug, Red Spider, American Blight, and all Parasites affecting Plants, without injury to Foliage. Price Is. fid., 3s., and 5s. Gd. ; 14 lb.t 15s. Gd. ; 28 lb., 15s.— CORRY and CO., Limited, 13, 15, and 16, Finsbury Street, To be obtained through all Seedsmen and Florists. Boulton & Paul's Outdoor Requisites. BOULTON and PAUL, Manufacturers, NORWICH. Every Requisite for the Kennel and Poultry Yard, Aviaries, Pigeon Cotes, PheasaDtries. Requisites for the Garden, Park, Pleasure Grounds. Wire Netting for Game and Sheep. Iron and Wire Fencing, Gates, &.c. Send for Illustrated CATALOGUES, postrfree, on application. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of (Vales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept., Royal Hort. Soc., Royal Botanic Soc, Parks and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, KiDg'sRoad, Chelsea, S.W. T~~HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE andPLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent : Mr. GEORGE, 10, VictoriaRcad, Putney. WM. THOMSON amd SONS. CloTenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 58 THE GARDENERS' CHRONIC LK [July 16, 1892. SALES by AUCTION. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 22, at half-past 12 o'clock, a fine lot of the new and exquisite CATTLEYA VICTORIA REGINA. Also a fine lot of CATTLEYA ALEXANDRA. A new and most distinct CYRTOPODIUM, CYRTOPODIUM SU AVISSIM U M. The New White Sobralia, SOBRALIA IMPERATRIX, A grand lot of DENDROBIUM NOBILE, the Upper Burmah variety. CYPRIPEDIUM HIMALAICUM. A New and striking EPIDENDRUM. PHAIUS TUBERCULOSIS and PHAIUS HUMBLOTJI ; a small but good importation of these lovely plants. 3YPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM, a very fine lot, just to hand. And many other choice and useful ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next.-Zamias.— Important Consignment. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that they have received a consign- ment of 31 trunks of MACROZA.MIA SPIRALIS, several being 6 feet in circumference, 121 MACROZAMIA CARALLIPES, 11 XANTHAREA HASTILIS, and 1570 seeds of MACROZAMIA SPIRALIS. The importation is the grandest ever received (the whole being in splendid condition), and will be SOLD on FRIDAY NEXT, July 22. Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Lower Norwood. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the well-known and valuable collection of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, which have been so successfully shown for many years at the leading London and provincial shows by order of Mr. HENRY JAMES, who is giving up exhibiting. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Castle Nursery, Lower Norwood, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 21. at 12 o'Clock, the valuable collection of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising well-grown specimen Kentias and other Palms, Stephanotis, a fine lotof Agapanthus albus, coming into flower ; splendid specimen Heaths, 6 to 8 feet tiiTOUgh ; Allamandas Hendersonii, Cathartica, grandi- flora, and nobilis; Ixoras, Ferns, 50 magnificent specimen Azaleas, probably the best collection in the country; fine examples of Crotons, Anthuriums (a specialty at this nursery), Chrysanthemums, and other plants. May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. H. JAMES on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Streatham Hill. A few minutes' walk from the Tulse Hill Railway Station. UNRESERVED SALE. By order of the Owner, who is leaving the neighbourhood. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by Auction on the premises, Hughenden, 19, Palace Road, Streatham Hill, S.W., on Tuesday, July 26, at one o'Clock precisely, the whole of the STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, CAMELLIAS, and AZALEAS, ASPIDIS- TRAS, PALMS and FERNS, a few ORCHIDS, CHRYSANTHE- MUMS; the erection of Three Greenhouses, Pits, Hot- water Piping, Boiler, Lawn Mower, Garden Tools, Pots, Ladders, Light Spring Bath Chair, and other effects. On view day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues may be obtained on the premises, aDd of the Auctioners, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Stamford Hill. Without Reserve. ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE. By order of the Proprietor, who is going abroad, and relinquishing the Business. IMPORTANT TO PALM GROWERS, DECORATIVE FLORISTS, and OTHERS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, The Palm Nur- sery, 106, Stamford Hill, N., a few yards from the Stoke Newington Station, G. E. R.. on WEDNESDAY and THURS- DAY, July 27 and 28, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, without reserve, by order of Mr. W. Owen, the whole of the STOCK- IN-TRADE, comprising thousands of well-grown Palms in various sizes, particularly worthy of the attention of the Fur- nishing Trade and Private Buyers, including 100 Specimen Latania borbonica, 500 fine plants of Chamaerops excelsa, 2£ feet to 5 feet ; 100 Cocos plumosa, good plants ; large quan- tities of Seaforthia elegans. Areca sapida, A. Bauerii, Corypha australis. Phoenix reclinata and tenuis, Kentia Belmoreana and Fosteriana, 1000 Dracaena congests discolor, and rubra, in 48-pots; 20 0 D. indivisa. small plants; Aspidistra lurida variegata. The Erections of 6 Greenhouses, about 3600 feet of Hot-water Piping, mostly 4-inch; capital Steam Boiler, also 2 other Boilers, Flower-pots, Office, and other Effects. May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be obtained on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C, and Leytonstone. N.B. — The Vendor has made arrangements for a large Marquee te be erected at the Nursery into which plants will be removed. The Sale will take place in this Marquee, which will afford ample accommodation for intending purchasers to view the plants, and avoid walking through the Greenhouses. Arlesey, Bedfordshire, On the main line of the Great Northern Railway, midway between Shefford and Baldock, and close to the ARLESEY Station, THE "WATERLOO" FARM, a Freehold and Tithe-free Estate of valuable Garden Land, containing 330a. Or. Op., and having an extensive frontage to the road from Arlesey Station to Stotfold. let to Mr. Daniel at an annual rental of £675, to be SOLD by AUCTION, at the "Sun Hotel," Hitchin, on TUESDAY, July 26, 1892, at 4.30 o'Clock precisely, by MR. J. R. EVE and Mr. GEORGE JACKSON, (who are jointly concerned). The "WATERLOO" FARMHOUSE and HOMESTEAD and 250a. Or. Op. of. GRASS and ARABLE LAND will be offered in One Lot, and the remainder in Eight Lots, to suit the convenience of purchasers. Also, the "OLD OAK" PUBLICHOUSE, Garden and Paddock, within 200 yards of the Arlesey Station, and a Plot of BUILDING LAND adjoining, both now let to Mr. Page, of Ashwell Brewery, at the rental of £50 per annum. The tenancies of the whole of the Estate will terminate at Michaelmas next. Particulars and Plans can be obtain* d of Messrs. PRESS and INSKIP, Solicitors. Bristol; of Mr. J. R. EVE, Bedford, Hitchin, and Luton; and of Mr. GEORGE JACKSON, Hitchin, Baldock, and Royston, Herts. WANTED to RENT, a PIECE of GROUND with some GLASS, for Market Purposes. Apply, MATTHEWS, The LociRe, Aberdeen Park, N. FLORIST and NURSERY BUSINESS for JC DISPOSAL.— For further particulars, apply to— Mr. G. PAYNE, Florist, Highgate Hill, Holloway, London, N. FOR SALE, a FREEHOLD MARKET GARDEN PROPERTY, with Greenhouses and Dwelling- house. Private treaty ; going concern. Well situated for business; adjoining thriving town. Small capital. Apply to— WILLIAMS AND NICHOLSON. Salop House, Oswestry. To Nurserymen, Florists, &c. SUBSTANTIAL NURSERY PREMISES, constructed at great cost (Leasehold— over 00 years to run), to be DISPOSED OF, by Executors, at a small nominal premium. The premises are in working order, and comprise Greenhouses, Dwelling-house, Gardener's Cottage, Stabling. &c. ; about 6 miles from Coveut Garden, London. Particulars will be furnished upon application to A. Z,, 2, Wisteria Road, Lewisham, S.E. SEED BUSINESS, for Disposal. — Well situated, and near station in a city in the north of England. Terms moderate. — Apply, B. J , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. TO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— To be LET, at Edmonton, an ACRE of LAND, suitable for Nursery Purposes, adjoining Land Let to Florists. Rent moderate. — Particulars of Mr. ALFRED RICHARDS, Auc- tioneer, Lower Tottenham. \TERY CHOICE LILIUM HARRISII, V 7 to 9 inches round, 6s. per doz. ; 9 to 11 inches round, 105. per doz. Chionodoxa lucilife, 3s. per 100; extra fine, 4s. 6d. per 100. Elwes' Giant Snowdrop, 4s. per 100 ; 35s. per 1000. Full List on application. ROBERT SYDENHAM. Roseleigh Birmingham. STR AW BERRIES, No place in the world equals Swanley or Eynsford, either for Fruit or Plants. Our 6 acres in 60 best kinds are now full of lovely Runners and Plants for immediate dispatch. Send for a CATALOGUE, giving the secrets how to have the finest possible crops at once. Special Prices for large quantities. Col. BROCKMAN, Dodsley, Midhurst, July 5. "The Strawberries supplied by you last year are giving splendid results. Col. B. will write again shortly for more plants." H. CANNELL & SONS, SWANLEY. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, HAVE AN IM3IENSE STOCK of ORCHIDS, All in the finest health and condition, And they are constantly receiving importations from various parts of the world. The Company earnestly request the inspection of their Stock by intending Purchasers. New, Descriptive, and Priced CATALOGUES post-free on application to the Company. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, CARSTON, <™» LIVERPOOL. EXHIBITIONS. TRENTHAM and HANDFORD Horti- cultural SOCIETY will hold their FIFTH ANNUAL SHOW in Trentham Gardens, JULY 21. 1892. PRIZES to the amount of £350 will be given. GROUP OF PLANTS. 1st, £25; 2nd. £16; 3rd, £12; 4th, £9. 48 ROSES, 1st, £6, and Special Value, £5 10s.; 2nd. £5; 3rd, £3. 36 ROSES, 1st, £5, and National Rose Society's Gold Medal ; 2nd, £3 ; 3rd. £2. COLLECTION OF FRUIT (9 Dishes). 1st, £10; 2nd, £6; 3rd, £3. 4 BUNCHES OF GRAPES, 1st, £5; 2nd, £3 ; 3rd, £2. Schedules on application to— JOHN TAYLOR, Hon. Sec, Trentham. QALTERHEBBLE and DISTRICT (HALI- O FAX) ROSE SHOW.— THURSDAY, July 28. Schedules may be obtained from the Secretary — JNO. E. BROOKS, 4, Savile Park Street, Halifax. HESSLE and HOWDENSHIRE HORTI- CULTURAL SOCIETY. The GRAND SUMMER SHOW will be held in the Grounds of TRANBY LODGE, HESSLE, near HULL, ou WEDNES- DAY and THURSDAY, JULY 27 and 28. Valuable Money Prizes, besides Silver Cups and Medals. Open-Air Space to Let for Hor. icultural Sundries. Schedules may be had from — ERNEST M. CLARKE ) , R. FALCONER JAMESON ( ' f-Hon. Sees. rFHE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JL OF SOUTHAMPTON. GREAT SUMMER SHOW. SATURDAY' and MONDAY, July 30 and August 1. Valuable PRIZES for PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUIT, and VEGETABLES. Entries Ctae, July 25. o- »t .. o a C. S. FU1DGE, Secretary. 27, New Alma Road. ' 3 MORTHAMPTON SHIRE HORTICUL- ll TURAL SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW, Delapre Park, Northampton, August Ut and 2nd (Bank Holiday and following day). £250 IN PRIZES. For best twelve plants, £15, £|0, £5, £2 10s. Central Group for Conservatory Decoration, £9, £6. £2 10s. Twenty-four Roses, £2, £1 10s., £1. Collection of Vegetables, twelve varie- ties, selected, £i, £!, £1. Entries close July 22. Schedules and full particulars from W. B. TROUP, Secretary, Northampton. PICTURESQUE ROCK SCENERY.— Form- ing Waterfalls, Lakes, and Streams, Ferneries, Winter Gardens, Alpineries, &c, as in hundreds of places about the kingdom, including at Aldenham House, Elstree, so faithfully illustrated in this journal of November 21, executed by PULHAM and SON, 50, Finabury Square, London, E.C, and Broxbourne, Herts. Photo Illustrated Book sent for inspection on receipt of twelve stamps. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, .Tun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to — Messrs. R. SILBEKRAD and SON, 25. Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, E.C, N.B. —Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. FERNS ! FERNS ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and Stove, 25 saleable sorts, 12s. per 100; out of pots, 10s. Strong Seedling Ferns, stores, in vnriety, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. Large Adiantum cuneatum, Aralias, Cyperus, all in 48's, 6s. per dozen. Palms, Ficus, Hydrangeas, Is. each. Large Fern", 10 best sorts, f»s. 6d. per dozen, in 48's. Adiantum cuneatum and P. tremula, extra she, in 2£-inch pots, 16s. and 2 s. per 100. Packed free. Cash with Order. J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughboro' Junction, S. W . FERNS a SPECIALITY. A mignificent stock of Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Ferns, in 1400 species and varieties. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion. The mo*t beautiful and complete ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of FERNS (No. 22), ever publi>hed. 2S. post-free. It contains 150 Illustrations, and an immense amount of interesting and instructive matter of great value to all Fern Cultivators. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., FERN NURSERIES, SALE near MANCHESTER. ARTHUR FLINSCH, LOSCHWITZ, near DRESDEN. LARCE PEACH CROWER In Hothouses and Open Air. Export of Fruit to all Parts. ORCHIDS. CLEAN, HEALTHY PLANTS at LOW PRICES. Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue, JAMES CYPHER, EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM. July 16, 1892.] THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE 59 FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of OrchinN in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancraa. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nursery, 4. Maida Vale, London, W. 150.000,-Special Offer of Kentias. WICETON has a large quantity of the • above to offer, very reasonable, at from £7 10s. per 100D. Thumbs, well-established, £10 per 1000 ; in 60's, well established, at £!0 per 1000. W. ICETON, Putney. S.W. FOR SUCCESS ON EXHIBITION TAP.LES, send to Mr. Robt. Sydenham. Roseleigh, Birmingham, for really good Bulbs and Seeds. No nurserymen can serve you better or cheaper. Full List on application. ROBERT SYDENHAM, Roseleigh, Birmingham. To Growers of White Flowers. New White Pink-Snowflake. The above White Pink will be distributed in August next— the Best and Purest White ; the Strongest Grower; for Free- ness of Flowering, the best ; the Latest to Flower, and does not burst ; for choice Cut Flowers, for Wreaths and Bouquets, undoubtedly the Finest ever raised. Young Plants, 6s. per doz. ; 25s. per 100; 200s. per looo. Sample of Flowers sent on receipt of Postage. MAYFIELD OA| C NURSERY, OALC. HENRY BROWNHILL CINERARIA, SUPERB GIANT. The Choicest Strain in the Country. In Sealed Packets, Is. 6rf., 2s. &d., and 5s. each. Price to the Trade on application. For full Description aud Illustration, see Gardeners' Chronicle, January 2, 1892. ' E. P. DIXON & SONS, HULL. RICHARDS' £ PEATS, NOTED ORCHID &SET Loam, Sand, Manures, Bamboo Canes, Netting, Shadings, To- bacco-Paper, Insecticide*, Weed-Killer, and allGarden Sundries, at the Shortest Notice. Special Railway Rates to all parts. The Horticultural Stores, 1, Belvedere Crescent, Lambeth, London, S.E. Chief Peat Depdt and Grounds — King wood, Hants. Samples and Price List post-free. ORCHID PEAT. PREPARED, ready for use, all fibre, 10s. per sack ; 6 for47s. id. SELECTED, in blocks, very fibrous, 8s. per sack ; 5 foi 37s. tid. SECOND QUALITY, 5s. per sack ; 5 for H2s. 6d. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and Ferns, 4s. per sack, 5 for 18s. ; and 3s. per sack, 5 for 12s. &d. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, and FIBROUS LOAM, each 2s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 10s. PREPARED POTTING COMPOST, 4s. per sack ; 5 for 18s. All sacks included. Send Postal Order for Sarrple Sack. Special terms to the Trade. For Price List apply to THE forester, Joyden Wood, near Bexley, Kent. EPPS'S^PEAT, For ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, Hardwood do., Ferns, and Rhododendrons, by sack, yard, ton, or truckload. SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, in sack only. Rich fibrous LOAM, superior LKAF-MOULD. Coarse, Crystal, and Fine SILVER SAND, CHARCOAL, C.N. FIBRE REFUSE, fresh SPHAGNUM, Patent MANURES, FERTILISERS, INSEC- TICIDES,andallotherGarden Requisites. Peat Moss Litter. The Original Peat Depot, RINGWOOD, HANTS. For DESTROYING WEEDS, MOSS, &c, On CARRIAGE DRIVES, GARDEN WALKS, ROADS, STABLE-YARDS, WALLS, STONEWORK. &c. SaveB more than twice its cost in Labour. Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, says: — " We are so satisfied with your composition and its price that we have used it abso- lutely. I have every confidence in recommending it." Prices :— In 1 and 2-gallon Tins, 2S. per gal. (Tins included) ; in 5-gallon Drums, Is. 6d. per gallon. 10, 15, and 20 gallons, Is. 4d. per gallon. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. ^^ Used in the proportion of one gallon to twenty-five gallons of water. Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE "ACME" CHEMICAL CO., Limtd., Tunbridge, Kent; and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire. 4\ LONDON^ ^it> TRADE MARK. TRADE MARK. THESE WELL-KNOWN MANURES ARE TJSED BY THE Leading Growers, Royal Botanic Society, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Parks, London County Council, Throughout the United Kingdom, And in Every Quarter of the Globe. Sold by SEEDSMEN, FLORISTS, and NURSERYMEN, in 6d. and Is. Packets, and SEALED BAGS:— 1 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 112 lb. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. Or direct from the Works in Is. Packets, post free, or Bags of either size. Carriage Paid (as sample), in the United King- dom, for Cash with order as above. The respective Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and Bag, and also impressed on the Lead Seal attached to the mouth of each Bag. The only Gua'antee of Genuineness. PHWES OF CRUSHED BONES IN VARIOUS SIZES ON APPLICATION. CLAY & SON, Manufacturers and Bone Crushers, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. STANDEN'S (pate»ti. MANURE. ACKNOWLEDGED to be unrivalled for .C\. Efficiency nnd Economy, as most satisfactory and lasting results follow the application of the Mealiest quantity. In Dew and enlarged Tins, 6^., Is.. 2s. tid,, bs, $d.. and 10s. Qd.; and in Kegs, 28 lb., 10s. 6rf. ; 56 lb., 18s. ; 112 lb., 325. each. Sold by all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Sole Manufacturers: CORBY & CO. (Limited), 13, 15, & 16, FINSBURY ST., LONDON, E.C. ALBERT'S HIGHLY CONCENTRATED HORTICULTURAL MANURE. A Chemically Pure Plant Food. UNPARALLELED FOR ITS RAPID ACTION AND FRUCTIFYING PROPERTIES. BEST and ONLY RELIABLE COMPLETE FERTILISER for all VEGETABLES, FRUIT TREES, VINES, FLOWERS, LAWNS, &c. UNPRECEDENTED RESULTS obtained by Its use. For Prices and Descriptive Pamphlet, apply to — H. & E. ALBERT, 17, GRACEOHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C. Responsible Agents wanted. " O LUGICIDE," Registered.— Certain death O to Slugs, fertiliser to soil, perfectly harmless to plants and domestic animals. The greatest boon to Gardeners yet invented. Is. 6rf. per box, of Seedsmen, or post paid of THE " SLUGICIDE " CO., 6, Maryleport Street, Bristol. May li had through all Seedsmen and Chemists. Prices: — i Gall. 3/- (tins included), 5 Galls. 2/9 per Gall., 10 Galls. 2/6 per Gall. , 20 Galls. 2/3 per Gall. , 40 Galls. 2/- per Gall. Carriage paid 011 5 Galls, and upwards. WsM "CONJJENTpATE0 Kills all Weeds on Garden Walks, Carnage Drives, &c, &c. Brightens the Gravel. One application will keep , the Walks Clear of Weeds for a whole Season. Prepared Solely by The Boundary Chemical Co., Ltd. LIV ERPOOL. the PERFECT WEED KILLER COMPLETELY DESTROYS VEGETATION on Garden Walks. Carriage Drives, Stonework, etc. WE GUARANTEE all "Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark to be thoroughly efficient. Refuse Imitations. THE GARDENER'S MAGAZINE says: 11 The Perfect Weed Killer is at once simple, cheap, and effective. At the Royal Gardens, Kew, the Royal Horti- cultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, and other public places, the Perfect Weed Killer it trusted for making & clean sweep of the road weed*.'* Pkices— I Gallon, 2s.; 5 galls., Is. 6d. per gall.; 10 galla., Is. 4d. per gall. Carriage paid on 10 galls Special Quotations for Larger Quantities. HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, 97, Milton Street, Glasgow. May be had through Chemists or Seedsmen. » NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE SUCCESS." HUGHES' FIR-TREE OIL SOLUBLE INSECTICIDE. The most pleasant and reliable of all insecticides for destroy- ing insects on plants, animals, and birds. Thousands of testimonials received from all parts of the world. Bottles, Is. 6d.t 2s. 6d., 4s. 6rf., 7s. Gd„ and 12s. 6d. ; in bulk, lis. per gallon, with full directions for use. Aphicide, for spraying, Is. Qd. ; post, Is. Sd. Tropical Beetle Powder, Is. and 2s. 6d. Green and Cream Shading for Glass Houses, Is. Patent Self-Feeding Syringes, 12s. tid., 17s. 6rf., and 22s. each. Vapour Roll Fumigators, Is. each. Wholesale from all Horticultural Dealers. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Victoria St., MANCHESTER. NEW YORK-ROLKER and SONS. If you wish to Effectually Destroy GREEN-FLY, BLACK-FLY. and THRIPS, Fumigate with CAMPBELL'S FUMIGATING INSECTICIDE A Safe, Reliable Article. and it is the one on which you can thoroughly depend. Tobacco- paper is uncertain in quality, often disappointing and unpleasant to use, whereas .^fiUKih. "C.E.I."ispre- pared from in- gredienteof stan- dard strength rfi only, and when thoroughly lighted, may be left to smoulder away, hence it is the safest to use. Prices : - For houses with f 1000 cubic ft., No. 3 Roll, 1/- each ) Post a capacity of 7 2000 „ „ ,, 4 ,, 1/9 ,, \ Free. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE. — The safest and most effective Liquid Insecticide for dipping or syringing. Prices, post free:— Pints, Is. lOtf. ; quarts, 3s. 3d.; half gallons. 5s. 9d. CLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.-A truly valuable remedy, has saved thousands of bulbs. Prices, post-free:— Half-pints, Is. 9d.; pints, 2s. %d. ; quarts, 4s. 9d. ; half-gallons, 8s. Or from your Sekdsman. CLIBRAN'S Oldfleld Nurseries, ALTRINCHAM ; 10 & 12 Market Street, Manchester; And Principality Nurseries, Llandudno Junction. PATENT DAN DELION, PLANTAIN, DOCK and DAISY ERADICATORS. By this simple and effec- tual invention, the time and expense usually involved by removal of these noxious weeds is reduced to a minimum. No digging up the turf. A long felt want supplied. Price. 45. 6rf. Postage and package, Sd. extra. Of all Ironmongers, Seedsmen, and Florists. WILKES AND SON, Ironmongers, Salisbury. GO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 16, 1892. ORCHID EXHIBITION, at Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. /^RCHID EXHIBITION— Now OPEN. / \RCHID EXHIBITION.— Admission Free. o o RCHID EXHIBITION— One of the most beautiful sights in London. 3HID EXHIBITION.— A vision of loveli- ness unparalleled in Europe. /^RCHIDS. — Must be seen to be realised. ORCHID EXHIBITION, at Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment, 53tj, King's Koad, Chelsea, London, S.W. SOW NOW f A LL the Best Varietiesof MYO- FOR ] A SOTIS (Forget-me-nots), SILENES, .„„.„„ < EAST LOTHIAN & BROMPTON STOCKS, bfKlMi I WALLFLOWERS. PANSIES, FLOWERING. ( PRIMROSES, POLYANTHUS, &c. Per Packet, id.. Is., and Is. id., post-free. Dicksonsks&Chester (LIMITED) TRADE OFFER OF PALMS. COCOS Weddeliana, in thumbs at 20s. per 100. „ ,, in 60'b, at 55s. per 100. KENTIA Foateriana & Belmoreana, in thumbs, at 20s, per 100. ,, ,, ,, in 60s, ... at 60s. per 100, ,, ,, ,, in 48's, ... at 24s. per doz. ,, ,, ,, in 32's, ... at 48s. per doz. SEAFORTHIA Elegans, in 60's, at 32s. per 100. „ „ in 48V, at £5 per 100. W. Iceton has a fine Stock of Asparagus plumosus nanus. In 48's and 60's ; Pandanus Veitchii, Dracaena Lindenii, and Ficuselastica.— W. ICETON, Putney, S.W. Special Cheap Clearance Cash Offer. GEORGE ASHENDEN and SONS offer the following healthy BEDDING PLANTS, -which cannot fail to give satisfaction : — GERANIUMS. From 3-in. pots. From 4-in. pots H. Jacoby, crimson 10s. per 100 Vesuvius, scarlet 10s. ,, Bonfire, crimson 10s. ,, West Brighten Gem, scarlet ... 10s. ,, Madame Viucher, good white ... 10s. ,, 14s. per 100 Queen of the Belgians, improved finest white l.s. ,, 16s. White Vesuvius fine white 14s. Candidissima. alba plena, finest double while ... 16s. Jubilee, pink (new pink} 16s. Madame Thibaut, finest double pink 10s. per 100 Us. Mrs. Leavers, fine pink 10s. ,, Master Christine, tine pink 10*. ,, Surprise, salmon 10s. ,, Lady Chesterfield, fine salmon Flower of Spring, silver leaf ... 10s. per 100 Crystal Palace Gem, gold leaf ... 10s. ,, Marechal MacMahon, bronze leaf ... 1 Is. ,, Black Douglas, bronze leaf lis. ,, Zulu, bronze leaf 14s. ,, Golden HarryHieover,bronzeleaf,fiue 16s. ,, Mrs. Pollock, tricolor Lady Cullum, tricolor Sophie Dumaresque, tricolor Empress of India, fine, tricolor ... 16s. per 100 Ivy-leaf Geraniums, fine variety of best sorts ... CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem, fine stuff, Gs. and 8s. per 100. ALTERNANTHERAS. magnifica, amcena, and Paronychioides aurea, fine stuff, 5s. per 100. ASTER, New Victoria, in six finest colours, 2s. 6rf. per 100. PYRETHRUM, Golden Feather, fine transplanted stuff, 2s. per 100; or 18s. per 1000. Boxes and packing free. Terms, Cash with order. N.B.— 25 at 100 rate. The Nurseries, Wrotham Road, Gravesend. 16s. 14s. 14s. 18s. 22s. 22S. 22s. 16s. SAVE HALF THE COST. PADvilIIi Q BEDFORDSHIRE UMnosSJ L 0 c°arse and fine rs admitted by the 01 1/FQ 0 K fil I Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Applydlrect to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of — WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London.E.C. GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, Is. 3d. per sack, 10 for 12s., 20 for 20s., 30 for 28s.. sacks free ; 2-ton truck, 30s., free on rail near works. Fine ORCHID PEAT, 8s. id. per sack. BROWN FIBROUS do., 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. id. BLACK do , 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20j. FIBROUS LOAM, LEAF-MOULD, and PEAT-MOULD, each 3s. per sack. Coarse SILVER-SAND, Is. id. per bushel. 14s. i ton, 25s. per ton. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack. SPHAGNUM, 7s. id. per sack ; all sacks and bags, 2d. each. RUSSIA MATS, 10s. id. to 19s. per dozen. RAFFIA, VIRGIN CORK, STAKES, &c. BONES, J-inch, lis. per cwt. Pure BONE- DUST, lis. id. TOBACCO- PAPER, Spe:ialite, MW. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s. CLOTH. Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. Price List, free. W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South wark Street, London, S.E. AUTOMATIC DAMPER, For GREENHOUSE BOILERS. ENSURES ECONOMY of FUEL and LABOUR. ENSURES REGULARITY of TEMPERATURE. FIRE REQUIRES LITTLE ATTENTION, and LASTS LONGER. Easily Fixed, price 30s. to 40s. PATENT AUTOMATIC DAMPER CO., 97, FLEET ST., E.C. A. DASHWCOD & SONS, Limited, 28, St. Swithin's Lane, E.C. HORTICULTURAL BUILDER. Every description of GREENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &0. PIT LIGHTS. Best quality and workmanship, 2 inches thick, 6 ft. by 4 ft., iron bar across and very strong, 45. tid. each, 50s. doz., £10 for 5j lights, free on rail in London. Cash or reference with order. CUCUMBER HOUSES. Timber sufficient to build 100 feet by 12 feet house, lights, door, &e. Put on rail in London. Price, £9 10s. Send for detailed specification, to W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOTTENHAM. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, just issued. anions Garden Pots Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. * Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester, write :— " The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied us with are light, strong and well made, and in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, write:— "We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your ' Garden Pots,' they are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any other we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes:— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your ' Garden Pots,' and still rind them the best and cheapest;." Largest Manufacturers in the World. No Waiting. Millions in Stock. Carriage and Breakage Free on £,\Q Orders. Half Carriage on £5 Orders. Samples Free. INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, EARL'S COURT, LONDON. OPEN DAILY, 11a.m. to 11 p.m.— Chairman of the Executive Com- mittee, H. E. MILNER, F.L.S., C E. Secretary, G. A. LOVEDAY, B.A. TWICE DAILY, the BAND of the 1st REGIMENT of " GUIDES " (Brussels). SIXTY PERFORMERS. Orchestra of the Body Guard of the King of the Belgians, by special permission of His Majesty. Conductor, M. L. Simar. GRENADIER GUARDS' BAND, Daily (by permission of Colonel Trotter). Conductor, Lieut. Dan Godfrey. For times at which the Bands play, see Official Daily Programmes, to be obtained only at the Exhibition. EXHIBITION BAND, Daily.— FORTY PERFORMERS. Mr. J. R, Wkllington. Conductor, EXHIBITION STRING BAND (Conductor, Mr. M. Duchene), and ORGAN RECITALS, Daily, by Mr. H. C. TONKING. THE LOVELIEST SCENE IN LONDON. — ILLUMINATIONS more beautiful than ever ATTEMPTED BEFORE IN THIS COUNTRY. SPECIAL DISPLAY OF MAGNIFICENT ROSES, by W. PAUL akd SON, of Walthum Cross. 90 000 VAUXHALL LIGHTS.— Trees Illuminated by Electricity. wv^vl/U TweDty-three Acres of Endless Attractions. INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. — All X inquiries as to Schedules, Prizes, Flower Shows, &c, should be addressei to the Secretary, Exhibition Offices. Earl's Court, S.W. Arrangements have been made with the Director of the HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE, at SWANLBY. to organise a SERIES of LECTURES and DEMONSTRATIONS, showing both the science and practice of Horticulture. INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, Earl's Court, S.W. Admission to the Exhibition, Grounds, Gardens, and Camp, including one of 2,600 Free Seats at Buffalo Bill's Wild West, 1/- ; or by Season Ticket (10/6), Exhibition Optn every Day, from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. July 16, 1892. J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 61 WEBBS' iMmm EMPEROR CABBAGE. w THE EARLIEST AND BEST. 63. ami Is. per pocket, Is. 6d. per ounce. Frcm C. BOULT, E^q , Charvey Dovm.—'*I planted out a bed of 200 plants of Emperor Cabbage at the end of September, and, wonderful to pay. not a plant was injured bv the winter weather, though they were in an exposed situation, neither did a plant 'start' to seed. I begin to cut the heads quite a fortnight, before my neighbours. I have tried many sorts, but Webbs' Emperor is by f r the best Cabbage I ever grew." p nunc1 EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 6d! ENFIELD MARKET 6d EARLY RAINHAM 9d. RED DUTCH 9d. ONION. WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI GIANT ROCCA WHITE LISBON Per pkt. Per ounce. ... 6d. Is. 6d. ... 6d. ... 9d. ... 6d. ... 104. 6d. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail. Seedsmtn by Jinyal Warrants 1o H.M. the Queen and H.K B. the Prince of Wa'es, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. THE KENT STRAWBERRIES Are the best, and all the finest sorts are well grown by GEORGE BUNYARD and CO., Maidstone, Who will be pleased to send a copy of New Descriptive Strawberry LIST post-free. COMPETITOR STRAWBERRY (New), proves to be the hardiest of any, and is a prodigious cropper, early and handsome. Extra transplanted runners now ready. Per 100, 25.5. ; per dozen, 4s , post-free. GEORGE BUNYARD and CO., Old Nurseries, Maidstone. CALLA JETHIOPICA, it LITTLE GEM" (RICHARDIA ALBA NANA, DWARF ARUM LILY). GUARANTEED TRUE. Now i* the time to book orders for this sterling Novelty, and having a wonderful fine htock growing at our American Nurseries, we can offer this " LITTLE GEM " at the following cheap prices. Fine selected, well-ripened bulbs for early delivery — 2s. 6d. each, 2rs. per dozen. Special Prices to the Trade on Application. TUBEROSE "THE PEARL." Fine selected Bulbs for December delivery, 6s. 6d. per 100. Special Prices to the Trade. LILIUM HARRISII (BERMUDA EASTER LILT). Some of the finest Bulbs grown in Bermuda, and imported direct. Good sound selected Bulbs, for September delivery. Per dozen. Per 100. 11 — 13 in. circumference, 20s. Od. £6 O O 10—11 „ „ 9s. Od. £3 0 0 8— 9 „ „ 5s. Od. £1 15 0 6— 7 „ „ 3s. 6d. £15 0 Special Prices to ih'. Trade. PRlCES OF OTHER BULBS, ETC., ON APPLICATION 10— PITCHER & MANDA, THE UNITED STATES NURSERIES, HEXTABLE, SWANLEY, KENT. FORCING BULBS. fdtiam*) ^ Well Ripened and Heavy Bulbs of ROMAN HYACINTHS EARLY WHITE. PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS, From 5 inches to 6 inches in circumference. LARGE-FLOWERING PAPER-WHITE NABCISSUS. DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, From 5 inches to 6£ inches in circumference. LILIUM CANDIDUM, PURE WHITE. Extra strong, per 1 00, 1 5s. to 20,«. LILIUM HARRISII, Very tine bulbs, per doz., 7s. Gd. & 12s. Orders now being Booked for Early Delivery. B.S.WILLIAMS & SON Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. NEW ROSES. WM. PAUL & SON Respectfully Solicit Orders for the following First-class NEW ROSES, their introductions of 1802 # 1891, Plants of which are Now Ready: — SPENSER (H.P.), Three First-class Certifi- cates ; Award of Merit Royal Horticultural Society ; fine Satin-Pink, magnificent and effective. 10s. 6d. each. LADY HENRY GROSVENOR (H.P.), Award of Merit Royal Horticultural Society; Flesh- colour; exceedingly free. 7s.