LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No._.l_^_QaZ ___ DATE.:nrrl&g.l. soi^M..CD.\le^e_..^.uiias JiaIi^- Dec •i. J Deceintwr 26. 1S96 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE n m^ttklv Illustrattb Sountal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (ESTABLISHED LY 1841.) VOL. XX.-THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBEE, 1896. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT CtABDEN, W.C, 1896, BRADBURT, AGSEW, AND CO, I.IMD., PRINTERS, LONDON AND TONBRIDGE. Thf Canli^nris' Clironirlp, (Deof^mber 2»'.. IRSfi. INDEX OF CONTENTS. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1896. Aberdeen, proposed botanical muBeutn for, 16 Abies liraebjphylla, 524 ; A. uobilifi, a specimen, at Coombe Abbey, 274 Abiionnal Cattleya, 633 Abnormal plants, 66 1 Acalypha Sanderi, 392 Aeauthophippiuin cbnrneiim, 266 Acidanthcra bicolor, IJ'JS, 468 Acorus ealaraus, 16 Actinidia polygama, -166 Adenostyli« albifrous, 727 Adiantiim Farlcyense, 741) Advei'li-ement, an ancient and ludi- crous, 218 Aerides Lawrenceje, 628 Agaricinete, species of, 466 Agave feros at La Mortohi, 47, 52 'i Agaves in the Riviera, 157 Agricultural, budget, the American, li';i ; college, the Sussex, 431 ; le- turns, ^)8 Basing Park, H.ants, 583 Basket work, and the use of Willows, 523 Basle, a botanic garden for, 434 Batoum, the vegetable industries of, 10 Bats, frugivorous, 276 Bean, dwarf, new varieties of, 215 Bean, French, history of, 306 ; Scarlet- runner, as a vegetable, 194, 243,307 Beans, French, in winter, 40(1 ; Mr. Smythe's hybrid, 340 ; the new French climbing, 435 Beckenham Horticultural Society, the educational influence of the, 756 Bedding in Hyde Park, the, 214 Bedding plants, dry weather, 270, 340 Bedford's, the Duke of, fruit iMm, 61 Bedfordshire, a farm-school for, 1 6 Bee pest, the, or foul brood, 185 Bees, strange habitation for, 273 Beech woods on the Chilterns, the reason for, 782 Beet, 502 ; Kgyptian, in Scotland, 532 ; trials at Chiswick, 369 Beets, ronnd and tapering, 435 Begonia, propagation of the, 590 Begonias at Ferrieres, 393; fiom beds, 341 Behria tenuiflora, 687 Belgium, notes from, S, 91, 142,272, 590 Belgrove gardens, co. Queenstowu, 278, 301 Benefit and Provident Society, United Horticultural (annual dinner), 467 Benevolent Institution, Gardeners' Itoyal, 304, 403, 630 Bergman, retirement of M. Ferdinand, 631 Berkshire, the flora of, 434 Betula Masimjwicziana, 160 Bignouia purpurea, 276 Birds and injurious insects, 20 ; the, and the gardener, 45 ; the sparrow and some other, 7 ; the house martin, 779 Birmingham Botanical, 334 Blackberry, the Wilson Junior, 297, 341 gloonjeria aurea, 687 ; 8. Clevelafldi, li§7 Books, Notices of :— A Beautiful World, 694 ; American Grape-grow- ing and Wine making {(no. Ilamn- man), 334 ; An Introduction to Structural Botany, pt. ii. (D. If. Scott), 657; Annals of Cricket (If. W. Read), 18 ; Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, containing Indian Orchids, 10; A Traveller's Notes (././/. yeitcli),\6; Botanical Magazine, 164, 306, 466, 630, 651 ; Carnation Culture for Amateurs ( Ii. C. Rarcnscrofi), 17 ; Dictionnaire Icono- graphique dos OrchidtSes [A. Coy- niaii.r), 624, 752 ; Dictionnaire Pra- tique d'Horticrdture, 694 ; Die Getreideroste {Dr. Jacob Frits- son and Dr. £. //eiininy], 591 ; Fatuous Gardens abroad and at home, 727 ; Favourite flowers of Garden and Greenhouse (A'/. Ste/i), 276,786 ; Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota, 638 ; Flora Capensis (.A. G. fiaHxr), 296 ; Florilegiuin Haile- mense, 168, 466 ; Handlist of the trees and shrubs grown at Kew 432 ; Hortus lioissicranus, 496 ; How to study wild Flowers (It'V. Oeo. Ifaisl'iw), 567 ; Icones Orchidearum Austro - .\fricanarum extia Tropicaruo) (/A Bolus), 752 ; Journal of the Linaean Society, 654, 694, 727 ; Journal of the National Horticultural Society of France (Chrysanthemum Section), 247; Kew Bulletin, 434, 499,786; Les Cepages Orientaux (Jf. Guilton), 274; Le Chrjsanthime, 403; Le Jardin du Crest {Marc MicheU), 44 ; Les Vignes Am^ricaines, Adap- tation, Culture, OrefFage pepinii-res {P. Vialatt L. Ravaz),Mi\ .Manures: Soil Nitrogen, and its Nitrification {Prof. M. P. P. Di-hiraiity, 429 ; Monographi;ePhanerogamarum(Ca;((- »!(> de CatuloUe), 1^0 ; Nepenthes, a Cultural Monograph on the Species of (itf. Jides Rudolph), 14 ; Official Catalogue of the National Chrysan- themum Society, 592 ; Plants and Flowers about the Home {Jaa. (Jia- ham). 164 ; Plants of Manitoba, 132; Ro3 Rosarum, 2ud edit. (£. V.B), 164 ; Soils and Moulds used in Horticul- ture {Geo. Trnffaul), 296 ; The Dis- trict Councillor's Hand-book (/. C Swinburne), 17 ; The Flora of the Alps {Alfred BennHI), 190; The Flora of British India, pt. xxii. {Sir J. D. Hooker), 752 ; The Flora of Dumfriesshire {G. P. Scott- Elliot), 592 ; The Garden Annual, 757 ; The Genus Masdevallia, parts viii. and ix. {Miss F. H. Wool- ward), 490 ; The Lincoln Stamp Album, 727 ; The Mushroom ; How to Grow it for Profit (/. Co'dian), 276 ; The Natural History of the Ancients [liev. G. M. Walkins. y[.A i, 768; The Orange and its Culture ( Raphael de Notcr), 304 ; The Orchids of Burma (including those of the Andaman Islands) {Captain Bartle Grant), 56S ; The Orchid Review, 6'J2 ; The Pansy {Alex. LiUcr), 164 ; The Plant Lore of Shakespi-are(ffenri/ N. Bllacomhc, M.A.), new ed., 788 ; The Sources of Plant Food {E. Grif- fith Muyheis), 17 ; The Student's Hand-book of British Mosses (//. X. Dixon), SJO ; The Stijrtevant Pre- Linnean Library of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 16 ; Traitfe des Plantations d'Alignement et d'Orne- tHent dans les Villes et sur les Routes Departementales {A. Vhariiwrnud"), 400 ; Vegetable Culture (A. Dean), 752 ; Western Australian year-Book, 665. Bordeaux Mixture, physical properties of the, 428, 459 Botanical addresses at the British Asso- ciation meeting, 374, 397 Botanical drawings at the Natural History Museum, 270 Botanical gardens at Glasnevin, 89 ; at Birmiugh.ani, 334 ; at St. Loui^, 106 ; and the Cyclone, 72 Botanical Magazine wrappers, 651 Botany, common-sense teaching of, 12 ; Edinburgh, chair of, 1 7 Boxwood, the vegetable industries of, lo Brambles in North Wales, 423 Brazil, notes on vegetable products in, 9 Bread, the alimentary value of white and brown, 346 Breeding, plant-, 327 Brcvoortia Ida-iuaia, 687 British Association, botanical addresses at the meeting of the, 374, 397 British Produce Supply Association, 43, 786 Brodiaea, the genus, and its allies, 213, 238, 459, 687 Bromeliads, 100 Brougham Hall, Westmoreland, 329 Bruce Findlay, the late Mr., 338 Brunsvigias, 362 Brussels International Exhibition for 1897, 142 Budding fruit trees, 212 ; Roses and othrr subjects, 158 ; of flowering trees and shrubs, 270 Buddleia variabilis, 362,-408 Buds and grafts of fruit trees, 103 Bulbs, the best varieties of, as deter- mined by the Dutch Bulb Society, 72 Burbank, Mr., as a hybridiser, 190 Burford, Dorking, Orchids at, 622 Burns, Robert, as a flower-poet, 181 Bushcl-ba&ket case, the, 370 Cabbage Palm fruit, 21 Cactus, a medicinal, 268 Caladlum, curious variegated leaf in 106 Calceolarias, herbaceous, at The Grange Bookham, 369 Calcium in plant chemistry, 402 Calcutta, Royal Botanic Gardens, 216 594 California, the cultivation of fruit In, 368 Callas, dwarf growing, 468 Camellia', propagation of, in Italy, 494 Camoensia maxima, flowering of, 596, 630 Campanula rotundifolia. 595 Canalgre in .Mexico. 760 Canker in Apple trees, 790; formula for, 630 Cape, orchard-work at the, 523 Carnation disease, 633 ; disease, a new, 600 ; pest, at the Cape, 192 Carnation, Souvenir do la Malmai- son, origin of, 728 ; C. Princess of Wales, 53? IV The Gardc-ners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [Dcci-nihtT in, ISiig. CarDations and Picotees, 186, 752; at Newstead Abbey, 103 ; at Warren House. Hayes, 91 ; from Worton Hiill Gardens, 43 ; tree and Mar- garet, 632 Carpocapsa pomoi ella, 1 1 Cassavas in Mexico, 718 Castlewellan, 683, 720 Catalpa bignonioides, tbe winged seeds of, 700 Catasetum tridm'atiim, fertilising-bee of. 633 Catchup, 789 Cattleya, a malformed, 662 ; abnormal, 633 ; C. aurea var. Statteriana. 556 ; C. Bowringinna, 656; C. x Brvme- riana, 489 ; C. crispa. 216 ; C. Dow- iana aurea marmorata, 425 ; C. El- dorado alba, 165 ; C. Gaskelliana alba, 94 ; C. Gaskelliana Bank House var., 63; C. intricata, 8 ; C. labiata, 556 ; C. 1. Mcndeli " Her Ma- jesty," 94 ;C.l. WameriatLaekenl7; C. ). venosa, 697 ; C. x The Czar,592 ; C. Lord Rothschild, 489 ; C. Moss's, peloria of, 8 ; at Mortebeke, 142 ; C. Schroderiana,73 ; C. speciosissima, Erladene vara., 267 ; 0. >: super- Forbesi, 90 ; C. Warscewiczii, 8 ; C. Countess of Derby, 467 ; C. var. Shuttleworthi, 63 Cattleyas at Brussels, .^>30 Cauliflower, a funnel-shaped leaf of, 193 Ceanothus, notes on, 363 Cedar, commercial varieties of, 402 ; forests, the, of Mount Mlanje, 17 Cedars, the Harrow Weald, 186 Cedrus Deodara as a timber tree, 696, 729, 763 ; and other Conifers, 749 Celery, decayed, 790 Celosias at Regent's Park, 221 Cephalotaxus pedunculata, 697 Cercis Siliquastnim, 695 Cereal crops, the rusts and mildews of, 591 Ceterach oflicinarum, C97 ; a native re- surrection plant, 655 Ceylon Botanic Garden, 64 ; the bota- nical department at, 594 Chamomile, wild, fatal to lambs, 106 Champs Elye^es, Paris, 453 Chelmsford Couuty School of Horti- culture, 134 Chemistry of the Strawberry plant, 590 Cherries, early and late varieties of, 159; sixty eight in a bunch, 566 Cherry Governor Wood, 221 Cherry-tree, an old, 165 Cheshiie, Hoitioultural and Agricul- tural College for, 472 Chester, Art Club, 102 ; Horticultural Conference, 153 ; horticultural shows, 162 Chicle in Mexico, 759 China, the vegetable industries of, 10 Chionodoxa, the best varieties of, 72 Chiswick, mealing of the Fiuit and Vegetable Committee at, 162 Choisya ternata, flowering twice, 669 Christmas decorations, 787 Chrysanthemum bloom, a malformed, 600 ; blooms, the points of quality of, &o., 6,'<3 ; chat, 531, 556, 592. 625 ; Pride of Mad ford or Beauty of Teignmouth, 569, 599, 632, 697, 729 ; Madame Carnot, sport from, 696 ; Madame Paul Lacroix, 631 ; Queen of the Earlies, 339 Chrysanthemum Society, the history of tile National, 562 ; some recol- lections of the, 553 Chrysanthemum, the types of the, and their characteristics, 602 Chrysanthemums, 488; at Antwerp, 655, 662 ; at Ghent, 654 ; at Paris, 750 ; at Villa Victoria, Grasse, 688 ; a review of the past season, 782 ; cultural notes oa, 396 ; dwarf, 501 ; new, 666, 696 ; in December, 728 ; hairy, 625 ; hints upon the cul- ture of, 720 ; seasonable notes upon, 333, 500; setting up oxhibits of, 633 ; taking tho crown-bud in, 248 ; tile terminal-bud in, 809 ; their cul- ture for exhibition, 335 Cbrysogonum virginianum, 3^6 Cider and perry industry, the, 437 Cirrhopetalum graveoleus, 210 Citrus species' from seed*-, 10 Clandon Park, Madresfield Court Grape at, 193 Clematis crispa, 566 ; C. montana, &c., at Hatfield Priory, 590 Clip for suspending Grapes and Peais, &c., 665 Cochet, Louis Scipio, 142 Cockroaches, how to destroy, 435 Cocoa tree, the, 789 Codlin moth, the, 11 Coffee-beans, artificial, 370 Colonial notes, 61, 122, 523,594,665; horticulture, 660 Colour in flowers and fruits, experi- ments concerning, 533. 633 Coloured leaves, and their use in plant economy, 265 Combe Abbey, Abies nobilis growing at, 274 ; Coniferous trees at, 749 Cones, morphology of Pine, 66 J Coniferous trees, contorted, 9 ; rare, at Lough Neagh, 664 ; at Combe Abbey, 749 Conifers at Fornham Park, 556 ; North American, in Germany, 187, 242 ; the layering of, 22 Conservatory, Col. Halford Thompson's, 218 ; the new, at Sefton Park, Liver- pool, 531 Constitution of plants, the, 756 Co-operative, the National, Festival, 2 16 Cornus sanguinea variegata, 366 Cornwall, vegetation in, 763 Cotton-plant at Kew, the, 395 Couch-grass, clearing land of, 763 Covent Garden Market, fire in, 218 Crataegus punctata, 469 Creosote for dressing wood-work, 372 Crinum expense var., 106 ; C. yuccffi- florum, 363 Crocus, the beet varieties of, 72 Cucumber, a prolific, 174 ; dise.nse. 227 (Jupressus Goveuian.i, 624 ; C. McNabi- ana, ''^(^ : C. m^crocarpa lutea, 469 Currant plantations around Patras, 396 Custom duties and neighbouring Stales, 431 Cyclamen, buds refusing to open, 5(i9, 600, 697. 729, 759 ; culture in Ger- many, 632 ; cultivation of, 565 ; propigation of, 590 Cycnoches, 239 Cyphomandra fragrans, 210 Cypiipedium, a triandrous, 686, 779 ; C. Chamberlainianum, 457 ; C. Cliarles- worthi, 622 ; C. insigne Sander.x, 556, 657 ; C. x Leysenianum, .'i22 ; C. peloriate, 686 ; C. Sedeni, 267 ; C. semi-double, 686; C. villosum, 657 Cypripediums, classification of, 662 ; hybrid, 435 Cyrtochilum micranthum, 63 Cyrtopodium Woodfordi, 555 Cjtisus, Frivaldskyanus, 12 Dahlia, a quilled, 339 ; D. " Fantasy," 457 Dahlias, certificated in October, 600 Dalmeny, Potato-growing experiments at, 692 D.iphnes, how to layer, 22 Darwin, decision to erect a statue to, in Shrewsbury, 628 Date fruits at Nice, 725 Decadence bogey, the, 281 Decorative use of flowers, the, 466 Delany's, Mrs., flower drawings, 164,248 Delphinium Zalil, 238, 405, 468, 502 Dendrobium arachnites, 7 ; D. Dearei, 377 ; D. Hookerianum,377 ; D. .Jenny- auum, 329 ; D. secundum, 8 ; D. War- diauum in a town i^reenhoiise, 425 Dendrobium Wardianum at Highbury, 749 Dendrobiumg growing upon bones, 748 Deodar with cones, 168 Diauthus, colours of, 21 Didymocarpus malayanus, 123 Dimorphotheca Eokloni, 362 Diospyros kaki, 395 ; D. virginiana, Jjardy at ffew, 48 Dipladenia Sanderi, 652 Disa grandiflora, 276 ; D. pulchra, 778 Dischidia hirsuta, 182 Disease of Larch, the, 93 Diseased Carnations, 633 ; Tomato, 74 Dock-leaves as food for pigs, 561 Doronicum plantagineum as a plant for forcing, 338 Douglas Fir, the, 302 ; in Scollaud, 371 IJracseua Hookeriana latifolia, 304 Dragon-trees, the land of the, 598 Draining woodlands, 42S Drawings, botanical, at tlie Natural History Museum, 270 Drought and nenly-planted trees, 92 Dudley Lodge Gardens, Ii65 Dyed flowers as button holes, 467 Dynamite, death from the use of, 164 Earthquake, the recent, 786 Eastwell Park. Ashford, Kent, 777 Eastwood House and gardens, 719 Echeveria Purpusi, 698 Eczema caused by Komau Hyacinths, 501 Edinburgh Botanic Garden, notes from, 276, 591 Edinburgh chair of botany, 1 7 ; school of rural economy, 16 Eel-worm, some experiences with, 193 Egypt, experiments with fibre plants, in, ,558 Emigrants, hints to, 102 Epidendrum glumibracteum, 210; E. Godseffianum, 377 ; E. xipheroides, 63 Epping Forest seen through American eyes, 220 Ericas, propagation of, 590 Erigeron mucronatum, 142 Erythea armata (mis-spelt in text), 424 Ei-ythronium, the genus, 361 Esparto-grass in Tunis, 370 Essex Countv School of Horticulture, 530 Eucalyptus calophylla, 664 ; E. cocci- fera, 695 Eucharis bulbs, planted out, 698 ; plants flowering thrice in the same year, 187 Eucryphia pinnatifid,n, 188 Eugenia malaccensis, 395 Euphorbia abyssinica, a large specimen of, at La Mortola, 496 Events of the year, 784 Examinations in horticulture, 104 ; result of the Royal Horticultural Society's, 72, 628 Faiimeu^ aud the income-tax. 531 Farm-school, a, for Bedford.ropagatiou of, 227 Hints to emigrants, 103 Holland, notes from, 168 Hollyhock, the, 39 ; disease of, 73 Honesty, a vai legated leaved, 308 Honey for transit by rail, packing, 461 Hong-Kong, a typhoon in, 397 Honours to horticulturists by the Society of Art», 16 Hops, acreage of, 306 Horticultural, conference at Chester, 153 ; examinations, 104 ; Institute, a proposed. 598, 632, 660, 665, 695, 730, 788 ; Markets, 786 ; plans of, 760 Horticulture during the reign of Queen Victoria, 468 ; round Antwerp, 91 HouUetia Lowiana, 716 Hours, gardeners working, 243 Hyacinths, new, 183 ; eczema caused by, 501 Hybridisation of Roses, progress in the, 65 Hybrid Cypripediums, 435 Hyde Park, the bedding in, 214 Hydrangea hortensis, 272, 372 Hydrangeas, how to layer, 22 Hypericum Moserianum var. tricolor, 624 Ilex othera, fruiting branch of, 790 Income Tax, farmers and the, 531 ; market gardcneis ;md the, 631 India, notes from, 216, 493; the threatened scarcity in, 598 Indian Orehids, 10 Insecticidt), a new, 220 Insects and the crop, fertilisation of flowers, 237 Institute, the proposed Horticultural, 598, 63?, «60, 665, 695, 730, 760, 788 Inula glaodulosa iis a p'ant for forcing, 338 Ipomuja versicolor, 308 Iris, the be.st varieties of, 72 Irish horticultural exhibition, an, 698 Italy, propagation of Camellias in, 494 ; Pelargonium peltatum in, 491 ; piuning fruit trees in, 410 ,Jack Fruit, the Hassan, 717 Jadoo, a, conservatory, 218 Jaduo fibre and Vines, 467 ; experi- ments with, in India, 438 Japanese flower arrangement, 530 Jera^alem Artichokes and their feeding properties. 111 K Kaffir Corn-flour and Mealie cultiva- tion, 99 Kelway, marriage of Mr. Jas, 307 Kendrickia Walkeri, 394 Kew Notes, 182, 210,239,362, 394, 463 Kew, the pictorial aspect of, 519 ; weed, tho (Galinsoga parviflora), 194 Kicksia africana, 394 King, the late Profesfor J. J., 405 Kitchen Garden, the, 13, 40, 69, 98, 111, 160, ISli, 217, 244, 273, 303, 331, 366,398, 431,462,495,526. 501, 594, 627, 658, 691, 722, 755, 782 L.ELIA monophylla, 122 ; pumila, 522, 656; alba var. 421; purpurata .\»h- worthiana, 39 L;clio Cattleya X elegans, varieties of, 238 ; L.-C. X Schilloriana,SchofiBld's var. 392 ; L.-C. x vclutino-elegans, 3t'iU La Mortola, Agave ferox at, 525 L.apaferia rosea in fruit, 657,697, 763 ; seedlings of, 728 Larbert House Gardens, N.B., 730 Larch disease, the, 93 Latbyrus UrummonJi, 20 ; L. undu- latus, i^^ Laurels, 524 I.avatera, a new hybrid, 764 Law Notes : — Agricultural Rates Act, the, 606 ; Agricultural Rates Act, the, and glas^-houses, 73], 764; Carter v. Webb & Co. (claim for value of goods delivered), 765 ; Inspector of Weights and Measures v. Alfred Keffrll ( unstamped baskets), 308, 341 , 764 ; Mar.-hall Bros. ti.Charlcs Johnstone (condition of Pears), 1 06 ; Niagara Fruit Growers' Association r. Walker (sureties' case), 765 ; Rappart r. Peat k Dillon (Orchid dispute), 536 ; Rappart r. Peat & Dillon (Orchid case), 666 ; M. Vincke ('. F. Sander & Co. (Cypripedium sport), 42 Layering as a means of propagation, 22 Lead arsenate as an insecticide, 220 Leaf-propagation, the practice of, 753 Leaves, coloured, their use in plant economy, 265 ; rate and mude of growth of Banana, 248 ; the growth of, 7? Leguminosic, the root-tubercles of, 631 Leguminous plants, effects of bacteria upon, 663 Leichtlin's, Herr Max, garden, 391 Lemciu-treis on Orange stocks, 727 Lespedeza Sieboldi, 4 69 Lettuce, Sutton's Favourite. 605 Leucaena glauoa, the effect of, on certain animals, 397 Leucojum, the best varieties of, 72 Lilac in flower, a white, 46S Lilies of the East, the, 329 Lilium, the best varieties of, 7'2 ; L. philippinense, 274 Ldle, notes of gardens in and about, 537, 638 Lilv seeds, how to ripen, 467 ; of the Valley, lecture on forcing, 252 Lime in plant chemistry, 402 LinUicus. a memurial of, 102 Liverpool, presentation of a conserva- tory to Sefton Park, dti, 531 Lobelia erinua speoiosi compacta du plex, 731 • Lockiogo Park and gardens, 434 London, a new open space for, 756 London, Grapevines in, 626 London Pride, from whence was the name derived, 531 Lough Ncagh, rare coniferous trees at, 664 Lowia granditlora, 652 Luxembcjurg, notes from, 167 Lychnis viscaria, 122 M MiDAuASCAN [ilants, 306 Madresfield Court Grape, 45 ; at Clan- don Park, 193 Maize as a vegetable, 340, 372, 405 ; in the United Startes, 6'20 ; or Indian Corn, 30S, 436, 468 Malayan Orchids, tJol Mammea amenoana, 1-S2 Manchester Royal Botanic, notes from the, 521 Manures and Potato experiments at Reading, 298 Maples, the budding of, 212 Marigolds as wet-wcathcr plants, 405 Market gardeners and the income-tax, 631 Market measures for fruits and vege- tables, 336 Marketing produce, 432 Martin, the house, 779 Masdcvallia Schrodcriana, 183 ; M. tovarensis, with fifty spikes of blooms, 719 Maxillaria striata, 631 Melbourne Bot;inic Gardens, 274 ; jubilee year of the, 467 Melon afl'ected by bacteriosLs, 199 ; a fruit produced from the base of main stem, 493, 6h1 ; diseased, 248, 271 Metz, notes frou, 166 Mexican economic plants, 718, 759 Michaelmas Daisies, 568 ; as pot- plante, 600 Microbe diseases of planta, 564 Mildews and rusts of cereal crops, 591 Milla biflora, 687 Milner, Mr. H. E., eleoted to the Royal Institute of British Architects, 726 Miltonia Clowes-ii grandiflora, 457 ; M. C. g. v.ar., 489 Misleto, 785 ; medicinal, 787 ; v.arious varietiei of, upon same tree, 785 Missouri Botanical Gardens, 694 Monstrous Campanula and French Bean, .533 Moraea Robinsoniana, 182 Mormodes buccinator, 622 Morris, the late William, and his admiration of trees, 436 ; library of, 630 Moss growth, a curious, 21 Moth eutrappeil by flower of Araujia sericifera, 523 Mount Harry, Brighton, Orchids at, 299 ; Mlanje, the Cedar forests of. 17 Myosotis alpestris '■ Distinction," 731 Mysore Government Gardens, Lal- Bagh, 65 Muscari, the best varieties of, 72 Mushroom spawn, sterilised, 17 Mushrooms, abundance of field, 308 Mustard-beetle, the 633 N Xancy, notes from, 536 Naples, the vegetable products o.', 9, 875 Narcissus, diseased, 254 ; 1*1. Hors- fieldi, failure of, 435, 569 ; the best varieties of, 72 National Chrysanthemum Society, his- tory of the, 562 ; Rose Society's Show at Ulverston, 155 Nepenthes, 532 ; a monogniph of, 14 ; N. Dicksoniaua, 749 ; diti'erences in, 277 ; and Mr. Rudolph's Monor/ivph, 105 ; N. Porvillei, 239 ; N. Veitchi, 239 Nerine x O'Brieni, 536 Nerines, a late flowering race of, 564 New .South Wales, ornamental plants of, 403 Newstead Abbey, Carnations at, 1 03 New York Botanic Garden, 565 New Zealand Flora, the, 461 ; growth of trees in, 458 Nice, Date fruits at, 72.") Nitragin, the n,ature and use of, 5'28 to be tried at Chiswick, 601 Nitrogen, soil, sources of, 130 ; the soil, and its nitrification, 429 Nomenclature, plant, 18 Nursery Notes ;-Canuell & Sous, H.,240; Clibran & .Sons, W., Old- field Nurseries, 343 ; Laing & Sons, Jno., 109 ; Douglas, J., 109 ; Le- raoine & .Sons, Nancy, 536 ; Linden, L., .fc Cie., Brus-sels, 59U ; Miilnard, M. Em., Lille, 537 ; Robsons, Jno., 136 ; .Sutton & Sous, Reading, 47, 136 ; Veitch, Jas., & Sons, 47. Nymphwa ' chromatella, 620 ; N. X Robinsoniana, 558 Obituary:— Baker, AV. R., 731; Baldwin, John Loraine, 732 ; Boeh- mer, L., 49S ; I'rockbauk, William, 409 ; Brodie, Sir Thomas Dawson, 345; Byres, Alex. M., 638; Cnrrifere, M., 248 ; Chandler, Alfred, 628 ; Cummins, Mrs. 0. W., 23 ; Curnow, Richard, 345 ; Darwin, Mrs. C, 439 ; Ewing, Jno., 140 ; Fellowes, Kev. Chas., (90; Funck, Nicolas, 192; Geert, Chas. Prosper Van, 768 ; Gireoud, Friedrich, A. H.,375; Gray, Jno. Edward, 605 ; Grove. Sir Wm,, 163 ; Heal, Mrs., 574 ; Hill, Mrs. E., 226; Kanitz, Prof., 14n; Knight, Henry, 345, 377 ; King, Prof., 375 ; Lawlev, Henry, 281 ; Lerro, William, 23 ; Martin, A. G,, 313 ; Mueller, Baron Ferdinand von, 464 ; (3rmerod, Georgina, 226 : PatersoQ, W., 439 ; Randall, S., 790 ; Robinson, Wm., 439 ; Smith, A. S., 439 ; Tr^cul, Auguste, 496 ; Trimen, Dr. Henry, 496, 624 ; Warner, R., 790 ; Waterer, Anthony, 628, 757 ; Whitton, Jas., 171 ; Whitton, Peter, 472; Young, WilUam, 670. Odontoglossum Andersonianum var., 749 ; 0. X Coi-adiuei var. 329 ; O. crispum var., 556 ; what is a true, 632, 686, 778 ; the relative value of some varieties of, 165 ; O. Galcottianum, 158 ; 0. grande, 656 ; 0. x Halli ? , crispum Cooksonianum Veitchi, 664 ; Episcia chontalensis, 664 ; Erythrina Cou- stantiana, 684 ; Escallonia macrantha, 500 ; Exogonium purga, £48 ; Fritil- laria nobilis, 466 ; Uentiana An drewsii, 500. 567; Gladiolus hybr., Koningin Wilhelmlna, 18 ; G. Le- moinei Paul Marguerite, 759 ; (inu- gora cas'idea, 567 ; Gordonia pubes- cens, 684 ; Orammatophyllum Hum- phianum, 726 ; Griflinia Blumeuavia, 500 ; Habenaria Medusfe, 567 ; H. occultans, 567 ; H. Schleih- leri, 567 ; H. Soyauxii, 567 ; Hardonbergia monophylla, 248 ; Haworthia xiphlophylla, 630 ; Hya- cinth Grand Maitre, 684 ; Hyperi- cum Kalmianum, 307 ; Iris albo- purpurea, 726 ; I. atrofusca, 664 ; I. Douglasiana, 500 ; I. missouriensis, 500 ; I. tectorum, 500 ; La>lia autumnalisvar. Fournieri, 759 ; Lajlio- Cattleya Andreana, 218; Lathyrus undulatus, 466 ; Lespedeza hirta, 664 ; Lillum Biondi, 104 ; L. chi- nense, 104 ; Narcissus Tazetta, va- rieties of, 728 ; N. triandrus, 248 : Nymphsea Andreana,, 248 ; N. Robin- soniana, 248 ; Odontoglossum crispum var. Ashworthianum, 307 ; 0. c. var. angustum, 307 ; 0. c. var. calos, 371 ; O. c. var. citratum, 371 ; 0. c. var. meleagris, 371 ; 0. rubi- ginosum < , 371; O. spectabile x , 371 ; O. Wilckeaiium var. rufum, 371 ; Onosma albo-roseum, 50n ; Parrotia Jacquemontiana, 466 ; Pas- siflora edulis, 728 ; Peach Triomphe de Terborgt, 371 ; Pear Margaret Marillat, 664 ; Pentas Quartiniana, 371 ; Pentstemon azureus, 630; Pha- licnopsisantennifera, 567 ; P. leucor- hoda, 664 ; Philadclphus Lemoinei, 557 ; Philodendron Mamei, 664 ; piunjB, Prince of Wales and Bivefs' Early Transparent Gage, 18 ; Pol^ stachya Holsti, 567 ; Primula rosas .grandiflora, 664 ; Prunus Amygdalus var. macrocarpa, 567 ; P. mume, 500 ; P. peudula, 759 ; P. sub- hirtella, 726 ; Pueraria Thun- bergiana, 248 ; Rhododendron Halo- peanum x , 500 ; R. serpyllifo- lium, 630 ; R. Smirnovi, 306 ; Rose- crested Moss, centifolia cristata, 664 ; Rose Gabrielle Luizet, 104 ; Sanse- viera Roxburghiana, 164 ; Sarcochilus Hainanensi,9, 164; Saxifraga mua- coides, 500 ; Solanum cernuum, llJ4 ; Stenocoryne Wendlaudiaua, 567 ; Stenomesson incarnatum, 248 ; Stephenandra tan.akje, 500 ; Trlcho- pilia crispa var. marginata, 664 ; T. multiflora. 5()7 ; Thunbergia laurifolia, 500 ; Tulipa Greigii, 500 ; Tulips, varieties of, 728; Vanda vitellina, 567 ; Vnrunnia flexuosa, 500 ; Viburnum cassiuoides, 218 ; VriesiaPoelmanni, 500 ; Xanthorhiza apiif-.lia, 567. Plant protector, Wood's, 567 Planting bush fruits, notes on, 462 ; trees and shrubs, 501 Plaut-J, microbic diseases of, 564 Plants ; New or Noteworthy : — Acilypha Sauderi, 392; Acantlio- phippium eburneum, 266 ; Acti- nidia reversa, 466 ; Adiantum mala- liense, 182 : Ansellia confusa, 620 ; Banana, a wild, of New Guinea, 360 ; Campanula Zoysii, 1 82 ; Cattleya Harrisoniana Comte Visart's var., 520 ; C. X .Super - Forbesi, 90 ; Cirrhopetalum graveolens, 210 ; Cypripedium x Argo-Stouei, 554 ; Cyrtochilum micranthum, 63 ; Delphinium Zalil, 238 ; Dendrobium Jennyamun, 329 ; Dipladenia Sau- deri, 6.")2 ; 1 )isa pulchra, 778 ; Epidon- drum glumibracteum, 210 ; E. xipbc- roides, 63 ; Erythea armata, 424 ; Fritillaria nobilis, 466 ; Gougora San- deriaua, 456 ; Gonioscypha euco- moides, 748 ; L;elia pumila alba var., 424 ; La>lio Cattleya x Schilleriana, Schofield's variety, 392 ; L.-C. x velu- tiuo-elegans, 360 ; Lathyrus undu- latus, 466 ; Lowia graudiflora, 652 ; Odontoglossum iuteo - purpvireum Ashworthianum, 63 ; Parrotia Jac- quemontiana, 466 ; Passiflora galbaiiH, 5.i5 : Tnchomaues P>a8eri, 266 ; T. Roraimense, 716 Plants under glass, 13, 41, 68, 99, 140, 160, 189, 216, 245, 272. 303, 334, 366, 399, 431, 463, 495, 526, 561, 594, 626, 659, 690, 72-3, 7.54 ,783 Plum-sport, a curious, 372 Poet Laureate's garden, the, 295 Pollination of Pear-flowers, 623 Polyanthus, the, 40 Polygonum baldschuanicum, 362 Pomegranates fruiting out of doors in this country, 530 Pot-flower drainers, 308 Potato-growers' strike in Brittany, 274 ; growing experiments in, at Dd- meney, 692 ; tercentenary of the, in Irelaud, 498, 522, 766 ; trials at Chis- wiek, 369 Potatos and manures at Reading, 29S ; and Peas, 790 ; dise.ised, 533 ; export of, from St. Heliers, 104 ; laud under, 281 ; large tubers of, 632 ; late varie- ties of, 405 ; starch in, 20, 135; im usual yield of a root of, 599 ; unusual warty growths upon, 227 Preservation of fruit, the beet method of, 758 Primroses, Messrs. Cannell's, 135 Primula japonica, 589 ; P. obconica crossed with wild form of P. sinensis, 600, 790; P. sinensis, the propagation of, 589 ; atTectbdbyMyxogastres, 168 Propagation, mtthodb of, 22, 96, 158, 212, 270, 3ol, 39?, 490, 5S|I, 6.".7, 686, 7.'i3 ; of Azaleas and Rhododgp, drons, the, 657 Propagation of Scolopendrium crispum, 268 Protection, the, of Strawberries from birds, 18 Prunes, French, 780 Pruning fruit trees in Italy, 410 ; shrubs, 753 Prunus Pissardi, 166 Pterisanthes polita, 182 Ptychosperma Beatrica\ 600 Pumelow, the, of India, as a fruit, 46 Pump, a new, for garden watering, 106 QnEEN's reign, proposals for celebrating the length of the, 598, 632, 6'50, 665, 695, 730, 760, 788 Rabbit and tho gardener, the, 94 Rahy ( !;istle Gardens, 520 Railway Companies and the rates for small p,arcel.s, 338, 692 Rainfall of September, extraordinary, 435 Rains, effects in gardens of the late, 570 Rambles in North Wales, 423 Randia maculata, 395, 432 Raspberry, the Superlative, 44, 75 Rates Act, the new Agricultural, 692, 6S8, 726 Reading, notes on the Roses shown at, 17 Reading University Extension College, Potato experiments at the, 298 Red-spidor and the XL All fumigator, 501 Redfields herbarium, the, 102 Kenauthera Lowii, 216 Reseda alba, a group of, 45 Revcraion or sport, a case of, iu the law courts, 42 Revesby Abbey, garden fi'-le at, 165 Rhea fibre, 564 Rhododendron hirsutum, a double- flowered, 142; R. rhonibicum, 3S ; R. Smirnowii, 14 ; R. Vaseyi, 71 Rhus Cotinus, 101 ; R. cotinoides, 469 Ridgemont fruit farm. 61 Riviera. Palms on the, 780 Robinias, to bud, 213 Hontgen rays, the, applied to flowers and fruits, 491 ; in botany, 121 Root-pruning, the advantages of, 406 Koots, yellow-rteshed, 600 Rose garden, a, at Forest Gate, 132 ; in autumn, the, 587 ; growing in Indi,a, 41 ; R. Harrison's Yellow, 631 ; R. Marjorie, 188 ; some new varieties of the, 623 ; Season of 1896, the, 359, 426 ; Yellow Rambler or Aglaia, 306 Roses and Rose shows, 33 ; the Crys- tal Palace Show, 43 ; the Crystal Palace Exhibition, 70; Kew, 211 ; shown at Reading, notes on the, 17, 36 ; the Ulverston Show, 101 ; for clothing walls, 299 ; hybrid Tea, 166 ; iu pots, 488; Irish-raised, 37 ; names of, 457 ; new, in America, 306 ; progress in the hybridisation of, 65 ; some new, 370 ; the hybrid Tea, 90 ; la^t of autumn, 569 ; new race of hybrid Tea, 154 ; layering of, 22 Rougham Hall, Suffolk, 491 Royal Horticultural Society's Certi- ficates, 18; examinations in horti- . culture, 72 ; examinations by the, 628 Rudbeckia laciniata fl.-pl. "Golden Glow," 339 ; R Newmanni t— what is, 277 SACCoiAniUM coclcste, 267 Sacred trees, the transportation of, by the ancients, 69.'i Bt. Louis Botanical Garden apd Ihg cyclone, 72, 106 The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 2ii, l(!tl6. \\\ Salix sericea pendula, 272 Saltbush, the value of the, 339 Saxitraga mnbrosa aud the name London Pride, 531 Schneider, Mr. Geo., presentation to, 164 School of Kiiral Economy, Edinbiir;?h, 16 Schubertia graveolons at Eaaton Park, 568 Sciadopitys vorticillata, 439 Scllla, the beat variety of, 72 Scolopendrium crispiim, how to pro- pag ite in quantity, 268 Scotch garden, tender shrubs in, 764 Scotland, 341 ; Egyptian Beet in, 533 ; flower and fruit notes from, 12 Scottish gardening, 7 1 5 Seedsman's liability, a, 277 Seed, sowing, 41I0 ; raising, lectures on, 602; trade, the, 94, 364, 406 Seeds, American raised, 620 ; American, 656 ; germuution of tree, 558 ; how to ripen, 467 Scientific Committee: — Apple with red flesh, 533 ; Cabbage Palui- fruit, 21 ; Caladiuin, curious varie- gated leaf in, 106 ; Carnation disease, 633 ; a new, 600 ; Canke*' in apple trees, 790 ; Catalpa big- nonioides, 700 ; Catasetum triden- tatum, fertilising bee of, 63 J ; Cattleya, abnormil, 633 ; Celery, decaj-ed, 790 ; Chamomile, wild, fatal to lambs, 106 ; Chrysanthe- mum bloom, a malformed, 6n0 ; colour experiments, 633 ; colours iu Pelargonia and fruit, e.vperiments concerning the, .'i33 ; Crinumcapense var., 106; Deodar with cones, 168; Uianthus, ci.ilours of, 21 ; fungus on Primula, 106 ; Grapes, blighted 16S ; Ilex othera, fruit of, 790 ; Melon fruit-growing from base of stem, 601 ; Monstrous Campanula, 533 ; Monstrous French Bean, 533 ; Moss growth, acuriuus, 21 ; Mustard- beetle, 6i3 ; Nitragin tu be tried at Chiswick, 6iJl ; Pelargoniums treated with salts, 168 ; Picea Alcockiana, foliaeeous cooes in, 1 06 ; Pinus Bal- foureana var. ari^tita, 790 ; Pinus Lambertiaoa with male catkins, 21 ; Potato.s, diseased, 533 ; Prinmlaobco- uica cro.s8ed with wild form of P. sinensis, 600, 790; Primula with Myx- ogastres, 168 ; Ptychosperma Bea- tricic, 600 ; Salts, and the colour-s iu Pelargoniums, 53:' ; Tropicolum, hypertrophy of, 601 ; Tomatos, diseased, 168, 790 ; Tomatos, mon- strous, 21 ; I'ulips, parrot-, nut seed- ing, 106; Turnip.Swede, with ' finger- audtoe," 633 ; Vines diseiised, 533 Sefton Park, Liverpool, presentation of a conservatory to, 66 Selaginellas, the propagation of, 687 Senecio oompactus, 276 September, extraordinary rainfHllof,435 Serapias, a hybrid, 1 42 Sharpington pick and shovel, the, 463 Shirley Poppies, 502 Shrubs, climbiag, 278 ; pruning, 753 ; tender, in Scotch gardens, 76 1 ; the layering of, 22 Smithfield Cattle Show, the, 726 Smith's Cat nations, Mr. Martin R., 91 Sobralia sessilis, 239 Society of Arts, the, honour to Horticul- turists, 16 Societies ;— Aberdeen Horticultural, ti!i9 ; Accrington Horticultural, 279 ; Alnwick Horticultural, 310 ; Altrin- cham Agricultural and Horticultural, 409 ; Altrincham Gardeners' Improve- ment, 785 ; Altrincliam and Buwdon Horticultural, 107 ; Ascot Chrysan- themum, 574 ; Aylesbury Chrysanthe- mum, e6S; Batli Floral Fete, 252; IMnlTshireField Club, the, 536; Ba'-tlo, 343 ; Beckenhara Horticultural, 108 ; Belgian Horticultural, 306 ; Brighton and Sussex Chrysanthemum, 635 ; . Brighton Horticultural, 252 ; Bridg- water Horticultural, 169 ; Bri-tol Chrysanthemum, 668 ; British Pro- duce Supply Association, 44 ; British Pteridological, 196; Brixtou, Streit- ham.andClapham Horticultural, 66s ; Brussels Orchid(5enne, 525, 790; Cannes Chrysanthemum, 656 ; Cardiif Chrys- anthemum, 636 ; Cardiff Horticul- tural, 198; Cheshunt, &c., 133; Chester Horticultural, 170 ; Paxton, the, 699 ; Chesterfield Chrysanthe- mum, 603 ; Floral and Horticultural, 168 ; Clay Cross Floral .and Horti- cultural, 198 ; Coventry Chrysanthe- mum, 603 ; Croydon Horticultu- ral, 21 ; Cryptogamic of Scotland, 370 ; Darlington Gardeners', 700 ; Devon and Exeter Horticultural, 106, 250, 279, 370, 438, 471, 535, 6(i4, 694 ; Dundee Horticultural, 312 ; Dutch Horticultural, 163 ; and Bota- nical, 276 ; Ealing Gardeners', 402 ; Horticultural, 22, 603 ; East Anglian, 164 ; Eastbourne Chrysanthemum, 603 ; Horticultural, 250 ; Edinburgh Botanical, 306, (;69, 766 ; Field Na- turalists', 693 ; Elgin llorticnltur.-il, 279, 700 ; Eveshan Chrysanthemum, 637 ; Folke3t2 ; Rjmford and Esses HorLi- cultural, 48 ; Royal Bjtauio, 16j ; Royal Botanic (Viola conference i, 197 ; Royal Caledonian Horticultural, 343 ; Royal Horticultural, 75, 136, 162, 194, 250, 309,469,534, 601,666, 765, 790 ; Royal Horticultural (Chis- wick meeting), 162, 369) ; Royal Horticultural (Crystal Palace Fruit gliow), 400, 406, 436 ; Royal Horticultural of Aberdeen, 250, 274 ; Royal Hort. of Ireland, 698 ; Royal Perthshire Horticultural, 1 i8 ; Royal Scottish Arboricul- tural, 104, 169, 379 : annual trip of the, 197 ; St. Neot's Horticul- tural, 1 70 ; Sandy and District Hor- ticultural, 279 ; Scottish Horticul- tural, 72 ; Scottish Pansy and Viola, 786 ; Sevenoaks Hortioultur.d, 224 ; Sheffield Chrysanthemum, 637 ; Shirley Gardeners', 102, 247, 370, 498, 663 ; Shropshire Horticultural, 224 ; South Shields, 619 ; South- ampton Chrysanthemum, 603 ; Steyn- ing Chrysanthemum, 571; Stirling Horticultural, 30 3 ; Stone Horticul- tural 668 ; Surrey Floricultural, 107; Swansea Horticultural, 695 ; Swansea and District United Gardeners, 031 ; Surveyors' Institution, 102,630,695, 785 ; Taunton Dean Horticul., 223 ; Tibshelf Horticultural, 107 ; Tor- ipiiy and District Gardeners', 574 ; 'IVowbridge Horticultural, 224 ; Tunbridgo Wells Clirypir>^a ari:i>folia, 3t>6 .Spirit of saltH for the destruction of American-blight, 276 Sprlng-bediling, some suggestions about, 501 Staphylea x Coulombieri, 272 Starch in Potatos, 20, 102 ; and sugir contents of Potatos and other root- crops, 185 Statices, 214 Stock, Princess Alice, filling to flower, 310 Stock-taking, 43, 192, 499, 598, 727 Storms, the effect on, of overhead- wires, 431 .Strawberry, a new, from British Queen X Waterloo, 17; beds, 165 ; S. Giri- baldi, 104 ; S. Myatt's Eliza, 20 ; plant, chemistry of the, 489 ; Straw- berry Plants, the vagaries of the, 781 ; S. The Leader, 18 ; S. Veitch's Per- fection, 102 ; S. Vicomtesse H. du Thury, 46, 104 ; Syn. Garibaldi, 74 ; S. Waterloo, 135 ; plant, chemistry of the, 590 Strawbsrries from birds, the protection of, 18 ; in November, 563 ; old and new, 5 ; new, 101 ; succession of, 123 Street-planting, 400 ; treei, lifting the root8 of, 403 Strjptocarpu', propagation of the, 590 ; the, as a specimen plant, 308 Streptocirpuses, 221 Stropholirion californicum, 687 Sturroch's, Mr. , Rose garden at Forest Gate, 132 Sujar growmg iu the West Indies, 786 Summer School of Horticulture, time- table for the Chelmsford, 131 Sunflower.s, hybrid annual, 340 Sunningdale Park, Orchids at, 683 Swallows, of, 373 Swanley Horticultural College, 164 .S.teet Briars at Burford Lodge, 44 ; the development of, 65 Sweet Pea. a double flowering, 73 ; S. P. Cupid, 341, 401, 435, 468, 502, 728 Swinford Old Manor and Qarden.s, 295 ; view from the Gardens at, 296. 297,300 Syon House, Brentford, notes from, 560 Teak in Slam, 338 Tennis-court on a slope, how to make a, 473 Terminalia catappa, 240 Tigridias in Scotland, 473 Tints, autumn, 569 Tomato disease, 46, 74 Tomatos, di-iea.sed, 168 ; monstrous, 21 ; new varieties of, 664 ; the cul- ture of, 276 ; their chemical require- ments, 663 ; to mature unripe, 598 ; to ripen iu March, 730 Tower Grove P.irk, St. Louis, 42 Town garden, a, 6 Tr,ido, advice to the, 314 ; the con- dition of British, 281 Training, methods of, 331, 392 TranspUnting fruit and other trees, 759 Traps iu garJon-w.ilk^, 698 Tree-growth, 502 Tree seeds, germination of, 559 Trees, and shrubs, 160, 188, 366, 469, 524, 624, 695, 719 ; at Fota, 363 ; the budding of flowering, 270 Trees, at DuH'ryn, 661 ; in New Zea- land, growth of, 458 ; old a:;;e in. 313 ; tenacity of life in, 277 ; the ascent of water in, 371 ; transplant- ing, 759 Trent Park, notes from, 333 Triandrous Cypripedium, a, 6S6 Trichomanes Fraseri, 266 Trichopilia coccinea, 456 Tnng Park, Orchids at, 424 Trinidad Orchids, 240, 759 Tropaeolum, hypertrophy of, 601 ; T. speciosum, 277, 340 ; T. s. on a south wall, 43 Trov, N.Y., U.S.A., a summer camp for Orchids at, 338 Trypeta pomonella (Apple-maggot), 331 Tulip mania, the new, 336 Tulips, parrot, not seeding, 106; T, the nomenclature of late, 365 Tunis, Esparto-grass in, 370 Turnip, Early Milan, 297 Turnip-Swede with lingerand-toe, 633 ; T. S , yoUow-fleshed, 600 Turnips, 599 ; new and old, 373 ; white and yellow-fleihed, 435, 468, 502, 533 Typhoon in Hong-Kong, 397 U ULVER5T0>f, the National Rose Sooieiy's exhibition at, 155 University of California, 131 Uropedium Lindeui, 565 Utrecht, Dr. Went appointed Director of the Botanic Gardens at, 43 V Vanda suavis. 167 Vaporiser, the XL All. and red spider, 166 Vegetable products from consular re- ports. 9, 'd^ Vegetables. 215, 406, 492; theft oE from Aldenham Home Qirdens, 248 Vegetation in Cornwall, 763 Vegetation of Western Australia, 523 Veitch, J. H. [Traveller's Notes]. 16 Venezuela, the flora of. 434 Vernon Lodge, Orchi'is at, 267 Viburnum, a new, 399 Victoria regia, 696 ; the, at Man- chester, 167 ; at Regent's Park, 221 ; at Mr. A. Dixon's, Cherkley Court, 696 Vili The Ganlencrs' Chronicle,] INDEX. [Defembei- 2(;, 1S96. Vine cultivation in Soutli Ireland, 701 Vines, American, 368 : diseased, 533 ; mealy-bug on, 'JO ; and the XL All vaporiser, 73 ; in sand, 39 ; tbe re- novation of, 501 Viola, Bockiana, 62 ; Conference, a, 198 ; how to pronounce, 186 ; sports, 222 : trials, 209, 222 ; the, not a tufted Pansy, IS Violas, 131, 185; for bedding, 222; London planting, 198 ; and Pansies, fpring-flowered, 160 Violet, Princesa of Wales, 339, 6S8; some 6ne varieties of, 341 w Wales, rambles in north, 423, 492 Wall-trees, grass growth upon, 406 Ward, Mr. H. W., presentation to, i. IS Warranty, non-, 277 ; the disavowal of liability or, 193, 221 Wasps scarce, and earwigs nuweroug. 278 Watercr, the late Anthony, 757 Watering gardens, a new pump for, 106 Weather, in the north of Scotland, 335 : periodicity in, 24 S Wellingtonias at Couibe Abbey, 749 Wheat acreage of Great Britain, 370 ; crop of 1896, tbe, 394 ; grains, hard- ness of, 220 ^\■lllows and basket-work, 523 AVires, telephone, and other, and ttorms, 431 Woodasli as a feriiliser, 762 Woodland, types of British, 689, 782 draining, 428 Wood-pulp for the production of paper 220 Wood-work, a dressing for, 372 Wood's plant protector, 567 ZiMNiAS as dry-weather bedding-planta, 340 Zygopetalum Gautieri, 183, 377 LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. Abies nobilia growing in Combe Abbey grounds, 275 Acidanthera bicolor, 393 Afe'rides Lawrenoese, 629 Agaricincse, species of, 465 Agave ferox, a specimen at La Mortola, 525 Antirrhinum, Cannell's dwarf type of, 221 Aplopappus ericoides, 301 Araujia sericifera and captured moth, 523 Artocarpus sp., fruits of, 717 B Bloomeria aurea, 687 ; B. Clevelandi, 687 Brentry Gardens, Eucharis plants at, 187 Brevoortia ida-maia, 687 Brodisci californica, 215 ; I!, capitata var. alba, 238 ; B. congesta, 213 : B. grandiflora, 213 ; B. Howell i lilacin.1, 239 ; B. laxa, 211 ; B. Orcutti, 215 ; B. peduncularis, 243 ; B. rosea, 213 ; B. species of, 459 ; B. stellaris, 213 Burbank Plum, the, 191 Calceola'.iias at The Grange, Book- ham, 369 Camellias, illustrating the propagation of, in Italy, 494 Camoenaiamaximn, pi rtiuu of inflores- cence of, 596; section of flower of, 601 Campanula Zoysii, 183 Carpocapsa pomonella, 11 Castlewellan, Cupressus Lawsoniana var. lutea, at, 721 ; Senecio Fosteri at, 693 ; Sequoia gigantea at, 725 Castlewellan and lake, view of, 685 Cattleya x Lord Rothschild, 489 ; C. Sohroderiana, 73 ; C. Skinneri, a well grown, 6 : C. x Le Czar, 593 Ceanothu.s thyrsiflorus, 363 Chrysanthemum Society's show, ex- hibita at the National, 562, 563 Chrysanthemums, a group of, 565 Chrysanthemums, the "crown" bud in, 249 Chrysanthemums, the terminal bud, 309 Clandon Park, Madreafield Court Grapes as grown at, 194 Clematia montana and Iris sibirica at HatSeld Priory, 589 Clip for suspending Grapes and Pears, 665 Codlin-moth, the, 11 Combe Abbey grounds, Abies nobilis growing in, 275 Conifers, a j^roup of contorted and dwarfed, 9 Conservatory, Col. Halford Thompson's, 819 ; presented to Sefton Park, Liver- pool, by Mr. H. Yates Thompson, 66 ; the new, in Sefton Park, Liverpool, 529 Cupressus Lawsoniana var. Intea at Castlewellan, 721 Currant, Red, The Comet, 137 Cyclamen, a created, 765 Dahlia " Fantasy," 457 Delphinium Zahl. 247 Dendrobium arachnites, 7 Didymocarpus malayanus, 123 Disa pulchr.i, 785 D'Ombrain, Rev. H. H., portrait of, 34 J)rac3ena Broomfieldi, 667; D. Hooker- iana var. lati folia, 305 East Ciifife, Tyncmou'h, the conserva- tory at, 219 Eastwell Park, Gatehouse at, 781 Echevei'ia Purpusi, 698 Erythea armata, 425 Krythronium Hartwegi, 361 Eucalyptus calophylla, 661 Eucharis plautsat Brentry Garlt ns, 187 Euplutrbia abyssinica, a tine spei^imen of, in the Gardens of Marchese Han- bury, at La Mortola, 497 Ferula fcetida, 33U, 331 Flixton Hall, Suffolk, view of, 401 Fuchsia flower- bud under the Riintgen rays, 491 Garden, Tower Grove Park, St. Louis, (Supplement, July 11) Glasnevin Botanic Gardens, views iu the, 93, 96, 97, 100, 103, 105 Gonioscypha eucomoides, 748 Gooseberry, Langley Beauty, 155 Grapes, Madreafield Court, as'grovvn at Clandon Park, 191 H Has3an Jack-fruit, the, 717 Hatfield Priory, Clematis montana and Iris sibirica at, 589 Hawarden Castle. Flintshire, 167 Heligan, Cornwall, Pinus Ayacahuite at, 751 Heracleum giganteum in Percy Lodge Gardens, 271 Honey, bos for storing orates of C'^ses of. 461 HouUetia Lowiaua, 716 Hyacinth, seed vessels of, under Riint- gen rays, 4^1 I In.stitdie, plans of a proposed horti- cultural, 761 Italy, propagation of Camellias in, 494 Jack-fruit, the Hassan, 717 K Knight, the late Henry, 377 Laeken, the great consetv..tory at, 376 Lajlia purpuraUi Ashworthiana, 39 La Mortola, a specimen 2\gave ferox iu flower at, 525 Lapageria rosea, fruits of, 657 Liverpool, tho new conservatory iu Sefton Park, 529 Lockinge Gardens, view of tho lake in, 433 Lowia longit'olia, 653 Lychnis visc.aria iu the Edinburgh Koyal Botanic Gardens, 122 M Mawley, Ed., portrait of, 35 Maxillaria striata, 631 Melon, an unusually-plaoed fruit of, 493 Miltonia species, 159 Moore, F. \V., portrait of Mr., 101 Moth entrapped iu flower of Araujia sericifera, 523 Mueller, Baron von, portrait of, 464 Musa alosperma, inflorescence of, 4 67 NYMPH.BA chromatella, 621 ; N. Robin- soniana, 559 Odontoclo-ssum G.ileottianum, 158 Olearia Haastii as a flowering bush, 533 Orchid-house, the iuterior of an, 163 Orchids, a summer camp for, at Troy, New York, U.S.A., 337 Palms at Cannes, 779 Passitlora galbana, 555 Percy Lc Jge Gardens, Heraclenm gigau- teum in, 271 ; gateway of Roses in, ?69 Pereskia aculeata, 625 ; P. Bleo, 427 Pinus Ayacahuite at Heligan, Corn- wall, 747 ; P. A., shoot and cones of, 753 Pinus Balfouriana var. aristata, cone of, 719 Plum, the Burbank, 191 Poet Laureate's garden, views from the, 296, 297, 300 Propagation of plants by means of leaves, examples of, 753 Protector, Wood's Plant-, 567 R Rabt Castle, Durham, 521 Kandia maculata, 395 Reseda alba, group of, with Ftrns and grasses, 45 Red Currant, The Comet, 137 Khododcndron arboreum Campbellia; ? 757 ; R. Falconeri, flowering-shoot of, 749 ; R. rhombicum, 38 ; R. Smirnowii, 15; R. Vaseyi, 71 ; Hoots, unusual development of, iu a Cattleya, 489 Riviera, Palms on the, 779 Riiutgen-rays applied to flowers and fruits, 491 Hoses in a suburban back-garden, 133 Rudbeckia laciniata fl.-pl. " Golden Glow," 339 ; St. Lodi-, Garden at (Supplement, July Senecio compactus, 277 ; S. Fosteri, as growing at Castlewellan, 693 Sequoia gigantea at Castlewellan, 725 Shakespeare's hou-io, gardens at the rear of, 789 Sophro-Cattleya x Calypso, 695 Strawberry, a plant of the Leader, 19 Stropholirion californicum, 687 Sturroch's, Mr., Rose-garden at Forest Gate, 133 Swallows, young, in a nest, 373 TRJOnopiLiA cocciuta, 456 Troy, U.S.A., a summer camp for Orchids at, 337 Views from the Poet Laureate's garden, 296, 297, 300 Views in the Botanical Gardens at Glasnevin, Dublin, 93, 96, 97, 100, 103, 105 w Wood's plant protector, 567 EsTABLiSHED No. 497.-V0L. XX. { s^;r. I SATUEDAY, JULY 4, 1896. [Regt as a Newspaper.-! PRICE 3u* y Post-free, Z^4. CONTENTS. Acorus calamus IC Agriculture statistics ... 14 Birds and iojurious in- sects 20 Book notices ... 16, 17, IS Botanical Museum for Aberdeen, proposed ... 16 Cattleya labiata Warneri 17 Cedar forests of Mount Mlanje 17 Codlin moth, the 11 Contorted Coniferous trees !• Cytisus Frivaldskyanus... 12 Dendrobium Arachnites 7 Edinburgh Chair of Bo- tany 17 Edinburgh School of Ru- ral Economy 16 Farm school for Bedford- shire, a 16 Indian Orchids 10 Lathyrus Drummondi ... 20 Lent Lilies 20 Notes on vegetable pro- ducts 9 Orange from seed, the re- production of the ... 10 Orchid notes and glean- ings ■" 8 Orchis foliosa 20 Orphan Fund, the Royal Cardeners' 15 Per-simon, how the word was coined IS Plant nomenclature Protection of fruits, the Khododendron Smimowii Roseshowat Readinsr, the recent Royal Horticulturd! S.i- ciety's Certificates Scotland, notes from Scientific Cotumit'ee of the Royal Horticultural Society Societies— Croydon II urticu Rural Ealing Horticultural ... People's Palace Horti- cultural Sparrow, the, and some other birds Starch in Potatos Strawberry, a new „ Myatt's Eliza „ The Leader Strawberries, old new Violas— not tufted siea Week's work, the — Apiary, the Flower garden, the ... Fruits under glass Hardy fruit garden ... Kitchen garden, the ... Orchid houses, the Plants under glass Within the 4 miles radius and Pan- ILLUSTRATIONS. Cattleya Skiuneii, from a suburban garden 'odUn-moth. the .. Jontorted Conifers, some Dendrobium Arachnites i ... Rhododeudron Smimowii * «, Strawberry, the Leader NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase ■in the circulation, it is imperative that all Copy for Advertisements should he received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNING , at the latest. New and Improved. HCANNELL AND SONS would be glad to • receive iDtimation or Specimens of any better variety of either Fruit, Flower?, or Vegetables than they already have, with a view of paichiBlng the whole stock. SWANLEY, KENT. C ANNAS. — Gakaway & Co. offer strong plants of the above (Crozy's best named varieties), at 9s. and 12s. per dozen; their own eelection. These are equally useful for outdoor and conservatory decoration. QARAWAY AND CO.. Clifton, Bristol. J^~0HrOATHAN, Covent Garden Market, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of strawberries. Peaches, Nectarinef), MeIon«, Qrapea, &o. Terms, 5 per Cent. References, London & County Bank, C. Q.Branch. Sale accounts daily; cheques weekly. Telegrams: ** Nuntlator, London." c UT FLOWERS received on Commission.- Flants and Flowers supplied. Cash with order. W. G. B&ILEY, Flower Market, Covent Qorden, W.C. HENRY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. 'd^lk^ Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash, OX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled ; obtained highest award for Begonias exclusively at the Temple Show. Exhibition, June till Sep- tember, at West Wickham Nursery, near Station, Mid Kent, S.E.B. A visit solicited.— JOHN B. BOX, Croydon. Bow NOTf. SUTTON'S LARGE RED ALPINE STRAW- llEBRY.— From Seed sown now fruit of a delicious flavour may be gathered in large quantities from i ntsintbe open ground next year, not merely during the ginning of October. As seedlings bear the fir -ut, sowings should be made each year. x Price of Seed, is. M. and Vs. id, per packet, post-fK SUTTON'S LARGE RED ALPINE STRAW- BERBY.— "Messrs. Sutton & Sons showed two dithes of Alpine Strawberries. These excellent fruits were gathered from the open grouod, the plants being from seed. They have been in continuous bearing for three months." — 7ht Garden. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM UTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, RBADINO. s CHRISTMAS FLOWERS. — Special Low Quotation for White Roman Hyacinths and all other Bulbs of finest quality, for Ordere received before July 23, when our New Catalogue will be issued. If you want the Best Bulbs write to us at once. -THE HORTICULTURAL CO.. Leveoehulme, near Manchester. CALCEOLARIA. — Gabaway & Co. offer Seed of the finest Herbacous Calceolaria (Rapley's) — see Gardening papers— at li., \s. ^., and 25. 6 not stain or injure the foliage. Iq Bottles, 1*.. 2s. 6rf., 5s.. and IO5.— CORRY & CO., Ltd.. E.a Sold by all Seedsmen. BOULTON & PAUL, horticultural builders, NORWICH. CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, PEACH, PLANT, ORCHID, TOMATO, &C., HOUSES, FRAMES, BOILERS, VALVES, PIPES, and FITTINGS. GLAZED PORCHES & VERANDAHS No. 3. GLAZED PORCH, 6 ft. by 4 ft. Price about £10. Carriage paid. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon. No. 3, GLAZED PORCH, 6tt.by4ft. Price about £13. Carriage paid. CHEAP GREENHOUSES No. 47a,— LKAN-TO, 10 ft. by 7 ft. £8 lOS No. 49a.— SPAN, 10 ft. by 8 ft. ... £10 10b, Glazed, Painted, Packed, & Carriage Paid. ' ESTIMATES on Application. New ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE. BOILERS of all makes and sizes. Valves, Pipes, and Fittings of every description. Lists free. Carriage paid on Orders of 403. to most Goods Stations. No. 77.— LEAN-TO FKAMf, « ft. by 4 ft. With Two Lights, 30s. Pit Lights, Propagating Glasses. Frames in Kvlry Variety. Jolt 4, 1896.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. GARDEN NETTING, Tanned, Rotless, and Weather-proof. Protect your Gardens from the Ravages of Birds. 100 jards by 1 yard wide, .3s. I VOO yards by 2 yards wide, 12l. 200 „ 1 „ 6j. 100 ,, 3 „ 9s. 100 ,. 2 „ 6l. I 200 ., 4 .. 21s. Carriage paid on orders over 6s. Made any widths, at pro- portionate prices. Ah supplied to the Principal Public Gardens and Estates in the Kingdom. Maker to the Queen and Prince of Wiles. Lists on appliottion. ANDREW POTTER, Melbourne Works, Wolverhampton. NTTBSERTIUEM'S HOUSES. Suitable for Plants, Vines, Tomatos, Chrysanthemums. Made of the best materials. Woodwork, and Ironwork com- plete, piinted twice, 21-oz. English Glass. A first-class House in every respect can be seen erected in nearly every county. Sent out so that anyone can erect them, aa every part is fitted correctly ; all screw and bolt-holea made. See Testimonials from well-known people. Cash Pbices. Carriage Paid. Wide. £ s. d. I Long. Wide. £ s. d. lart. ... 25 0 0 60ft. X 15ft. ... 32 10 0 laft. ... 45 0 0 I 100ft. X 16ft. ... 65 0 0 Long. 60ft. lOOtt. See New Lists, sbowlng blocks of Houses as erected In different places. STOCK SIZES- I2xl0 I4x|2 I8x|2|l6x|4 20x|4 20x16 24x|6 22x|8 4x|0 |6x|2 20X12 I8x|4l20xl5 22x|6 20x1824x18 21-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, in L'OO feet boxes, 3rd3 and 4th8 qualities. English. Glass, out to buyer's sizes at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country in quantity. PUTTY, WHITE LEAD, PAINTS, OILS, BRUSHES, &o. OEOKGE FARMILOE ft SONS, 31, St. Jobn Street, West Smltbfleld, London, E.C. Stook Lists and Prioeson application. Please quote Gard, Chrtm. GREAT REDUCTION IN FRAMES OtTB WELL-KNOWN HAXE. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices. Glazed and Painted. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide [ oasti " PBIOES, OABSL&.aE PAID. at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. ^n£{ofi,^^en£, Mr. H.SxEXTON, Seedsman, &o..;i,HollowayBd.,N. 6 feet „ 4 feet 12 feet „ 4 feet 6 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 6 feet Larger si-e. £ s. d. 2 0 0 2 5 0 4 0 0 0 15 0 4 15 0 5 12 6 BETABBED LILYOFTHE VALLEY CROWNS!! Write for Prices to— T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DEKSINGHAM, NORFOLK. THE YOKOHAMA NURSERY GO. LIMITED, Nos. 21-35, NAKAMURA, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN. Tbe Largest Exporters and Growers of LILY BULBS, CYCAS STEMS, DRIED CYCAS LEAVES, DRIED EULALIA PANICLES. MOSS, SEEDS, TREES, SHBXJBS, &c., Produced in Japan. DESCRIPTI VE CA TA LOGUES sent on. appHcatmi. NEW CHRYSANTHEIVJUM IVIAXIiVIUIVi VAR, MARGUERITA MARWOOD. A beautiful variety, surpaasinf; all others of this cla88. It grows aboat 2 feet hiKb, and tbe Muowy-wbite tlowers are larger, of greater siibstuDce, and being beautifully reflemed, they are more graceful than any of the other var?. of these popular Herbaceous Plants. jiwiidci a f'lrst'clast Cfrtiftcate th« only t-me eihibited. Strong Planta in pots, 1«. 6(i. each ; 16s. per dozen. Carriage and Packing free. San pie Blooms sent on payment of Postage. KENT and BBYDEN, DABLINGTON. FERNStFERNS!! A large (^uantily of SmiU FERNS, nice bu^by stuff, ready to pot on, or for decorative purprses, in 2J inch pots. — Pteris criatata, nobilin, m^jiir, anpical Laboratory, Eustis', Florida. INDIAN ORCHIDS. The fifth volume of the Annals of the Royal Botanie Garden, Calcutta, edited by Dr. G. King, F. R.S., contains figures and descriptions of a century of Indian Orchids, by Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., most of which have been previously described in the Flora of British India. An introductory note explains that the drawings, which are reproduced by litho- graphy, consist of a small selection from the magnifi- cent series of Indian plant-portraits by native artists that have been accumulating in the Calcutta Botanic Garden for nearly a ceutury — a collection commenced by Dr. Roxburgh before the end of the last century, and steadily added to down to the present day. The Orchids of this coUecbion number about a thousand, and these were lent to Kew by the Bengal Govern- ment in order that Sir Joseph Hooker might utilise them in preparing the Flora of British India, and a hundred of the more interesting ones were selected for publication in the work in question. The author remarks, that excellent as the drawings are in many respects, as representatives of the plants portrayed, they err in manifesting that tendency to enlarge which is a besetting sin of Indian botanical artists, and that the analyses leave much to be desired in the Jolt i, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. iL matter of proportion and accuracy, though in no case do these defects detract materially from the value of the illustrations as a means of identifying the plants represented. Exact copies of the wiole Calcutta collection of drawings of Indian Orchids have been made, at the expense of the Beutham Trustees, and are now deposited at Kew. The drawings reproduced ia the work in question represent, for the most part, species of botanical interest, and are not in cultivation, though a few are more showy, and some are met with in gardens. They include eighteen species of Dendrobium, of which D. crocatum. Hook, f., belonging to the Pedilonum group, has deep orange flowers, and a very long spur ; while D. Williamsoni, Rchb. f., D. aurantiacum, Echb. f., D. palpebrae, Lindl., and a few others, ai'e sometimes seen in gardens. Phahenopsis mish- miensis, Rchb. f., is a fine thing, with rose-coloured flowers; while Phaljenopsis tetraspis, Kchb. f. , P. Manni, Rchb. f., and Sarcochilus Berkeleyi, Rchb. f., are also familiar. Examples of nearly all the repre- sentative Indian genera are included, and as the drawings are partly coloured, and are accompanied by analytical drawings, they will be invaluable aids to the identification of these interesting plants. A recent number of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal contains a paper by Dr. King and Mr. R. Pantling, entitled, " Some New Orchids from Sikkim." It cont.-vins thirty-three new species, which have been discovered in Sikkim during the last few years, chiefly by Mr. Pantling. There are six species of the curious genus Oberonia, aud most of the species are chiefly of botanical interest. B. A. R. infested fruit is taken into store-rooms, the cater- pillars creep out, aud get into chinks and crannies in the walls and floors, from which the moths come forth, and fly to the nearest Apple-trees in the following spring. The Codlin-moth is very troublesome in France, Germany, America, Canada, Australia, and Tasmania. In the last-named country it is so destructive that the Legislatui-e has passed an Act for its repression. Description and Life-histort. The moth (fig. 4) is not quite three-fourths of an inch across the wings, and is about the third of an inch in length of body. The fore-wings are grey, with many wavy lines of a darker hue. At their extremities there are oval patches of a deep golden THE CODLIN-MOTH. [Carpocapta pomonella, L.) The Board of Agriculture has issued a seasonable leaflet on this very destructive moth, and which we are enabled to illustrate by the accompanying wood- cuts. " This is a very small moth, but its caterpillars are exceedingly destructive to the Apple crop in some seasons. They bore into the fruit, and cause it either to drop prematurely or to decay rapidly when it is stored. Sometimes Apples attacked by this insect drop off as early as the end of June, and continue to drop throughout the summer. Upon examining the Apples that have dropped, or those that show signs of decay in the Apple-house or store, it will be seen that there is a dark spot at the blossom-end of the Apple ; a small orifice can also be detected there, round which there is a collection of excreta and minute morsels of Apple. If such Apples are split in halves, a passage can be seen leading to the ovaries or pip-centres, around which there is usually a mass of ' frass ' ; and it will generally bo found that the pips, or parts of them, have been eaten. If the caterpillar is still in the Apple, it will be found near the pips, which appear to be the objects of its attack. If the caterpillar has forsaken the Apple, a hole will be found on one or other of the sides of the fruit, through which it has escaped. Though this is called the ' Codlin ' moth, it by no means confines its attacks to Codlins, but was pro- bably so-called because Codlins and some of their varieties, the Keswick CodUn, for instance, are some- what early, and, being large Apples, make a great show on the ground when they fall. Varieties of Apples having deep, open 'eyes,' and large dried tufts of the calyces remaining in them, like the CodUn, the King Pippin, the Blenheim Orange, Margil, and Cox's Orange Pippin, are more liable to be infested than varieties like the Golden Knob, Eusset, Nonpareil, and others, the ' eyes ' of which are more closed up. This attack is not always recognised as being due to insect agency. It frequently happens that an unusual fall of Apples is said to be the ' summer drop,' attributable to want of vigour in the tree, or to the weather. No trouble is taken to examine the dropped fruit, and the caterpillars escape from it in due time, and conceal themselves, in order to pupate and produce moths for another year's attack. When Fig. 4. — THE CODLIS MOTH (lARPOCAPSA POMOSELLa). colour, by which this moth can be e.asily identified Its hinder wings axe darker, having a golden tinge, and a lustrous shimmer. AVheu the moth is at rest during the day it is an insignificant object, sitting on the trunks aud branches of Apple trees, or on railings, fences, and hedges, with its wings folded in the form of a roof over its body. It appears about the end of May, and flies from place to place and from tree to tree in the twilight and at the dawn of day, and places an egg iu or close to the calyces of the Apples, in the ' eye ' of the fruit, where the skin is tender, and where it will be protected from the weather and other disturbing influences by the persistent calyces. The moth lays from 50 to 150 eggs. Only one egg is put on each Apple. After a period of from seven to nine days, a tiny caterpillar creeps out and bores into the Apple. It is greyish-white iu colour, with a black head, three pairs of claw-feet, four pairs oif sucker-feet in the middle of the body, and a pair at the end. When full-grown it is nearly three-quartere o6 an inch long, and shortly before it pupates ita coTout- becomcs slightly pink. From three wee'is to a monthj is about the average duration of the active cater- pillar stage. The caterpillar, having entered the- Apple at the ' eye,' follows the core down to thfc pips, upon which it feeds, pusliiug back iu its progresa morsels of core, pulp, and excrement. At the end of about three weeks the catcivi'lar is full grown ; having by this time eaten the greater pai* of the pips, it bites a hole from the centre to. the outside of the Apple, through which it makes its exit. If the Apple is on the ground it merely crawls away. Shoidd the Apple be still upon the tree, the catep- pilliu- lets itself down to the ground by a silken- thread. When it has left the Apple it wriggles to the nearest tree and ascends it, constructing a kind of nest with little bits of bark knit together with silk, or composed of silk alone, or it simply gets into a convenient crack or crevice in the bark, and surrounds itself with a silk case, gummed over with a sticky fluid. Sometimes it conceals itself in cracks in poste and fences, or under the bark of other trees, and even • under rubbish and dead leaves, and pieces of brandies and twigs near the trees. The nest is oval, and about- the sixteenth of an inch in height. When the cater- pillar is taken into the Apple-store or Apple-ho-iise ia the Apples, it comes from them in due time, ami hides in the walls or in cracks in the floor. The caterpillar does not pupate until the first- approach of spring, when it spins a cocoon, ami becomes a brown chi-ysalis. Methods of Prevention and Rembdie*. In order to prevent the caterpillars from crawling up the Apple-trees, old oil- cake bags or manure-bags should be tied tightly round the stems close to l!ie ground early in the summer. This is practiseil to a> large extent in America, Canada, and Tasm.inia It is made compulsory by law in the last-named courttiy, as well as in California, that Apple-trees should be^ treated in this way in May. These traps must be exammed from time to time throughout the summer, and the caterpillars in the folds of the bags destroyed. It is better to have two bands of old bags, one a foot or so above the other, so that any caterpillars getting past the first band may be stopped by the other. ' Windfalls ' or ' drops ' must be cleared away as soon as possible, especially if there are any signs of ' caterpillars in them. These should l.>e disposed of at once, or, if not tit for sale, given to the pigs, la orchards sheep are useful, as they generally eat the < drops ' as fast as they fall. Where cider is- roades the ground where Apples have lain in heaps shoulil be well gas-limed and dug deeply. The walls of Apple-rooms and stores where the Apples have appeared to be infested should be well lime- washed in the e.arly spring. The floors, also, aud shelves should be well scrubbed with soft soap. Scraping the bark from infested trees is adopted ia- America. A cloth ia spread round the tree to catcU the pieces of bark, which are burnt. After this, hot lime-wash should be well brushedf in, or the trunk may be sprayed with paratfin and soft soap solutions. American Apple-growers spray the Apple trees directly the Apples are formed with Paris Green and London Purple solutions, mixed at the rate of 1 It'. to 180 to 200 gallons of water; or with paraffin or pertroleum emulsion, consisting of 1 part of oil to 1* parts of water, aud sufficient soft-soap to make it of- » proper consistency. This latter solution appears to be more suitable for this country, as there is aa objection to applying poisonous compounds to fruit that is formed, and the smell of the oil wonld b© more eEfective in preventing the moths from laying eggs. In plantations where the land is cultivated, quick- lime or gas-lime, or lime and soot, in the proiiortioa of one bushel of soot to two of lime, should l-e dug in round the trees. Where the Apple-trees are on grass-land, the grass should be cut short, the gvoucA well raked, and the gi-ass and rubbish burnt." 12 THE GARDENEBS' CHEONICLE. [Jpi.s 4, 1896. Trees and Shrubs. CrTISUS FRIVALDSKYANUS. This, the latest addition to the cultivated species of Cytisus. is now grown in a few nurseries at home and on the Continent undei' the name of Cytisus sehipkaensis. A plant of it has for some weeks past been in flower in the Arboretum nursery at Kew, and although it does not possess the attractions of many of the old and well-known species of Broom, it is quite distinct, and for certain purposes well worth cultivating. It is a dwarf shrub of somewhat spread- ing habit, some of the branches being almost prostrate. The leaves are trifoliolate, the sharply-pointed, oblauceolate leaflets being almost glabrous on the upper surface, and thickly clothed beneath with appressed hairs. The petioles, too, are distinctly hairy, and the stems less so. Judging by the inflo- rescence, this species appears to be allied to C. capitatus, for, like it, the flowers are borne in a terminal umbel. The corolla is yellowish-white, but does not open so fully as it might were it not for the large haii-y calyx, which clasps it for the greater part of its length. This defect may possibly disappear as the plants get older and acquire greater vigour. The species appears to be well adapted for growing in the mass, and will probably be of value used as we use several other dwarf Brooms (like Genista pilosa, G. eagittalis, &c.), as a sort of carpeting to groups and beds of taller, more sparse-habited shrubs. It is a native of the Balkans, and was, I believe, found on the Shipka Pass, hence the name by which it has become known, but which Mr. Nicholson says must give way to the older one that heads this note. W. J. B. Scotland. » COMMON-SENSE TEACHING OF BOTANS". Under the auspices of the Aberdeen Secondary Teachers' Association, Professor Patrick Geddes, of University College, Dundee, gave, on Saturday, the 13tli ult., an outdoor demonstration of common- sense botany for children. The demonstration took place at MuchaUs, a pretty little fishing village on the Kincardineshire coast, some 10 miles from Aberdeen. The afternoon was, of course, spent on the rocks, and Professor Geddos succeeded in showing how a botany class can be keenly interested, while at the same time its members are receiving a maximum of Boieutiflc information. His method is not to use the outdoor excursion as an aid to the text-book, but to use the text-book as an aid to the outdoor excursion. The pupil is encouraged to observe nature as he finds it; questions as to the reason of all phenomena brought under notice ai-e inevitable, and the answer brings to light and impresses on the mind the ground principles of the science. Professor Geddes is full of enthusiasm for the work. At his bidding the large company wandered over the rocks for several hours, listening to, and guessing at, the reason of numerous natural appearances, with the result that they became so engrossed in the subject that time was not left to finish the whole of the afternoon's programme. The company took tea in MuchaUs Hotel. Professor Pirie, of Aberdeen University, presided, and Herr Hein conveyed the thanks of the branch to Professor Geddes for the charming afternoon he had enabled them to spend. The party returned to Aberdeen in the evening, highly delighted with the excursion. Frdit and Flowering Trees. I have recently visited several extensive gardens in different parts of Scotland, and this is the result of my observations : that while the Apples, which had the benefit of the recent providential rains, promise both here and elsewhere to bear abundant crops, other fruits, especially the Cherries and Pears, have suffered much. In my own garden, perhaps the only exception is the May Duke Cherry, which had the advantage of blossoming somewhat later than such varieties as Werder's Early Black, the Early Rivers, and the Black Eagle, which either take a long time to establish, or when grown as pyramids are not very reliable. These have not in any case been tenacious of their fruit, though perhaps this fact is largely attributable, as I have indicated, to adverse atmospheric iiiHueuoes. Their example has been followed by the Pitmaston Duchess and Doyenne du Comice Pears, which, while exhibiting towards the end of April a marvellous wealth of blossom, are almost destitute of fruit. The Early Crawford Pear, which Dr. Hogg thinks greatly superior to the French Citron des Carmes, and which is grown very exten- sively in Scotland, is somewhat more successful, but it has been longer established than several of its con- temporaries of greater reputation. The Apples, however, are splendidly promising, and that is, under the circumstances, an abiding consolation. The Plum-trees have also magnificent crops, especially the Czar, the Early Rivers, and Denniston's superb Green Gage, though their foliage, having been in many instances affected injuriously by the long-con- tinued drought, is almost insufficient, unless on shel- tered walls, to fulfil the wise purpose for which it is intended — that of protecting the fruit during the period of growth from the somewhat exacting radi- ance of the sun. An Almond-tree, 13 feet high, trans- planted from a Hertfordshire nursery to my garden in the end of March, has already developed fruit as large as an ordinary-Sized Damson, but having been sent with wet soil placed around the roots, it suf- fered no retrogression. In any case, it has not taken long to get into perfect correspondence with its environments, and its gratifying success seems clearly to indicate that Amygdalus communis, as the variety I possess is botanically named, will not only flower luxuriantly in the south of Scotland, but also successfully develop its fruit. I have recently had Magnolia Watsoni in bloom. The flowers are very large, of a beautiful creamy- white complexion, and exceedingly fragrant. This variety would be worth growing if only for the sake of its foliage, which is highly artistic. Does Magnolia Watsoni flower much in England? I never see it mentioned in the horticultural journals, while there ai-e occasional descriptions of the floral impressive- ness of other varieties, such as 11. conspicua and M. grandiflora, which, notwithstanding the multitude of flowers which they produce, are less commanding in eflect. David if. WiUiamsm. The WEEK'S Work. THE FLOWER GARDEN. Bi/ Hedlev Warren', GarjKHKr, Aston Clinton, Trinij. GENERAL WORK. — In districts where but little rain has fallen, it may l)e necessary to well water those parts of the lawn which have become browned by the recent drought, especially narrow verges of grass, or those parts on the lawn where the turf was re-laid during the past season. Grass-lawns should not be mown too closely, until signs of quick growth takes place. Gravel-paths and roads should be well watered and rolled where the materials have become loose, and attention given in keeping them free from weeds. FLOWER-BEDS, ETC. — If the surfaces have been caked by frequent waterings, lightly stir them with a hoe. Beds filled with Beg.mias should be slightly shaded during the hottest part of the day until the plants are established, as the foliage is liable to blister. Aloysia citriodora is already showing signs of the drought, and is being attacked by red- spider, to which it is very susceptible. The plants should be well syringed with an in.secticide, and afterwards receive a good drenching of water. Garden-vases and mndow-boxes require to be kept in the best possible order, and all decaying foliage and flower-stems must be promi)tly removed, ^^^lere the boxes or vases have become full of roots, give a good dressing of artificial manure. STOCKS. — Sowings of the perennial varieties shoulil now be made, in order to have plants in good condition to stand the winter. Th; seed should be sown either broadcast or in shallow drills, on a well- drained border. A damp or too rich a soil must be avoided, and every care t.iken to ensure a hardy growth before winter commences, unless the plants can Ije wintered in cold frames or pits. As soon as the seedlings are large enough to handle, transplant them, and give each plenty of room for making growth. At the end of September or beginning of October, if the plants appear to be making too succu- lent a growth, a check should be given by lifting them with a trowel and again replacing them. SWEET WILLIAMS.— These are now at their best, and by some are esteemed great favourites. A sowing of seeds may now be made, it being advisable to sow annually, if a good supply of young plants is to be kept up. Sow in the open border, and when the seedlings are large enough to handle transplant them about G inches apart each way. They may then remain undisturbed until the following spring, and then be removed to their permanent quarters early in the season. A packet of seed will produce a multi- tude of colours, but the auricula-eyed and Sutton's Harlequin are amongst some of the beat varieties that can be grown. CANTERBURY BELLS. — A large bed Of these, now in flower, reminds one that attention to those plants already raised this season will be necessary, if a similar display is desired next season. Seedlings already pricked off into boxes or pans should be potted into 3-inoh pots, and grown on in a cold frame for another month or six weeks, .when they should be planted out in their permanent quarters ; the soil in which they are finally planted out should not be too rich, it being preferable to give them a mulching of manure during the early spring. THE HARDY FRTIIT GARDEN. By G. WoODOATE, Gardener, ItoUeatoix Hall, Bitrton-on-Trent. RASPBERRIES. — Remove all suckers from between the rows of canes, and examine the young growths ; if more of these were left at the first thinning than will be required, reduce them further by removing the weakest. Run a piece of tar cord along each side of the rows to support the young canes, and to prevent their being damaged during the gathering of the fi-uit. As the fruit commences to ripen, nets should be placed over the area, and supported by string or wire at a suflicient height above the fruiting- canes, that the fruit may be conveniently picked without removing the nets. RED AND WHITE CURRANTS. — Remove the points of the leading shoots upon these bushes, and prune the side-growths back to about 2 inches. These will also require protection from birds, and if the trees are planted in rows, a good plan is to fix a thin lath over the centre of the rows to keep the nets from damaging the top of the trees. VVhere the fruit on a few special trees is required to be kept for a longer period, pieces of wire-netting, 4 feet high, 1 inch mesh, placed round each tree, keeping it just clear of the fruit, and covering over the top with a small piece of fish-netting, will keep it quite secure from birds as long as it will hang on the trees. Black Currants will not require any pruning at this season, but the fruit must be protected, as advised for the red and white varieties. GENERAL WORK.— The foliage of Pears and Cherries was severely attacked last summer with the lai'vaj of the sawfly, Selandria atra, but perhaps more generally known under the name of the slug- worm, being easily recognised by its black, slimy appearance. By frequently examining the trees its presence m.ay soon be ascertained, and remedies must then be Applied for its destruction. Fresh-slacked lime, finely sifted, and dusted evenly over the foliage, will invariably check its career, but a second appli- cation may be necessary. Cherry trees so attacked which are carrying a crop of fruit, should have the lime well washed off with clean water directly after- wards. All early varieties of Apples and Pears, not finally thinned should be attended to at once. These early sorts, being naturally small fruited, if not well thinned, a great part of the crop will be useless either for dessert or kitchen purposes, besides which such a crop will materially weaken the trees. THE ORCHID HOUSES. Bv W. U. White, Orchid Grower, Burford, Dorking. CYPRIPEDIUMS.— The dwarf-growing C. niveum, C. concolor, C. bellatulum, and C. GodefroyK are types from which several beautiful and valuable hybrids have originated. All of them luxuriate in a warm, moist stove or East Indian-house, where fresh air may circulate freely around them ; they require but little shade at any time. They should be planted in pots or shallow pans, in a compost consisting of good turfy loam and fibrous peat, intermixed with lumps of sandstone or limestone-rock. Tufa-rock, in many cases, produces very satisfactory results. These plants grow naturally on rocks, and the conditions existing in Nature should be repeated as far as practicable. Their flowering season is now past, and the present is a good time to repot them. It is very essential that the fresh material be made thoroughly firm about the roots, as these have a decided ten- dency to cling and ramble among hard substances. All of the above species require plenty of water during the summer months, but in winter it should be applied very carefully, as the thick fleshy leaves ai-e inclined to become spotted and diseased if over-dosed with moisture. Instead of watering them in the usual way with a can, it is preferable to stand them in a pail of water, just covering the rim of the pot, and allowing them to remain for several minutes, to ensure a thorough soaking ; thus water will be pre- vented from lodging in the growths or axils of the Jdlt 4, 1896.] THE GAB DENE BS' CHBONICLE. 13 leaves. Thrips are exceedingly fond of the young foliage, and must be sought after frequently. It is always necessary to caution beginners in Orchid culture when sponging the leaves not to raise them more than is really necessary, or they will crack and cause great disfigxirement to the plants. CALANTHES. — The deciduous C'alanthes of the Veitchii and vestita section are now growing vigorously, and well-rooted plants will require abundance of water at the roots ; but more care will be necessary as regards those plants that are not yet well-established, or disease will result. It is a good plan to look over the plants occasionally, and place together all those that have filled their pots with roots, so that they may be treated to alternate waterings of weak liquid cow-manure. This will conduce to the formation of stout bulbs and strong flower-spikes. Previous to using the manure-water, it should be strained through a very fine sieve or piece of muslin, so as to remove all particles of solid matter, which, if not separated from the liquid, would, after a few applications, stop up the pores of the compost. Do not allow the stimu- lant to be too strong at first : about one part to three parts of water will be sufficient for the first few waterings, afterwards increasing it to about one-half of each. At this time many young roots will appear on the surface of the compost, and if a thin layer of lumpy fibrous loam be placed lightly over them, they will quickly root into it, and the strength of the growths will be increased. Keep the plants as near to the roof-glass as convenient. PLATYCLrNIS (DENDROCHILUM) GLUMACEA.— Now that growth is completed, it is advis.able to re- move this plant to the Cattleya or intermediate-house, and to aSbrd less water to the roots. The plant will be greatly benefited by a long season of rest. An occa- sional syringing and sponging of the leaves will help to keep them free from red-spider. P. filiformis is now in full growth and showing its flower-spikes, and will require liberal treatment in every respect. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By W. Pope, Gardener, HigJKkre Oulle, Xcu'bury. MELONS. — There should be no delay in getting all the Melon plants that are to provide the late supplies planted, a moist, genial top-heat, and a bottom-heat of about 90° being aSbrded, so that the plants may start away quickly and strongly. Attend to the stopping, thinning, and tying of the shoots ; syringe the foliage on bright days, except at such times as the fruit is being set, or when it is gettin;< ripe, at which times a drier air should be maintained in the Melon-house or frames. Plants which have just finished off a crop of fruit may be retained for fruiting again if the foliage is healthy, and there is no disease of the stem. It is an advantage to fruit these plants, as ripe fruit can he obtained early from them, and the flavour is generally superior to those from fresh plants. The foliage where decayed should be removed, and lateral growths encouraged ; the surface soil should be loosened, and a part of it removed, a top-dressing of fresh loara being then applied, and the whole soaked with tepid water. When the new shoots have started, liquid-manure may be freely given, and the plant treated as usual. CUCUMBERS. — Seeds should be sown now for furnishing plants to supply Cucumbers during the autumn months. Attend well to plants now in full bearing, thinning-out exhausted growths, and laying- in young bearing wood ; top-dress the soil fre- quently with fresh, lumpy loam, and give abundant supplies of liquid-manure, varying this kind of stimulation by occasionally top-dressing with Clay's or Thomson's fertiliser. MANURE. — Youngplants coming into bearing must not be checked in growth by being too heavily cropped, or it will be difficult to keep up a continuous supply of fruits. The Melon, when it is sufficiently ripe, should not be allowed to remain on the bine, but should be cut with a piece of the stem attached, and stored in a cool place, with the end of the stem immersed in a vessel of water; with this kind of treatment Melons keep in good condition for several days. STRAWBERRIES FOR FORCING.— The present time should be utilised in secm-ing early and strong runners lor next season's forcing. The runners found on young plants are usually the best, and the layer- ing should be performed before the rootlets have taken hold of the soU. With proper attention in the matter of watering, the roots will soon fill the pots ; the plants may then be c and Horticultural Shows at Hitchin, Lee. Hedhill, Canter- bury, Tunbridge Wells, and Wimbledon. ^ Royal Botanic Society Promenade. THURSDAY, rjnu&Y, iRose and Horticultural Shows at Worksop, Helensburgh, Wood- bridge, and Aylesburj'. Canterbury Hospital FOte and Flower Show. SALES. July 10 ' *-*'''^^'*i^ ^"*i Palm Seeds at Pro- ( theroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE EN- SUING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM OBSERVATION'S •OF FOETi'-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK —63° 2. The Department of Agriculture ■''Sltirtkr^ has recently issued its Year- Book under the title of Afirkal- iural Returns for Great Britain. In this are shown the acreage and produce of crops, price of corn, and number of live- stock, and other agricultural statistics for the United Kingdom, British Possessions, and foreign countries for 1895. Yery much of the contents of this volume has already appeared in the Trade and Naviija- Hon Returns, issued each month by the Board of Trade, and noticed by us on each occasion in a very abbreviated but withal comprehensive form. There is an enormous mass of figures within the covers of the book, which will be found of great interest to agriculturists in view of the heavy competition to which the industry is subjected from almost every quarter of the globe. Outside of all this interesting •snatter there arc some items which concern the readers of this journal, and one of the first in the volume refers to the acreage of orchards and market gardens respectively as returned on the 4tb of June in the year 1895 and 1894, in each Country. Orchards. Market Gardens. 1895. 1S94. 1895. 1894. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. England 212,963 208,821 85,898 81,057 Wales 3,564 3,509 1,395 1,367 Scotland 1,901 1,867 6,044 5.766 Great Britain ... 218,428 214,187 92,837 88,210 Isle of Man 79 35 208 190 Jersey 1,020 981 97 103 Guernsey, &e. ... 237 258 50 82 The following summary is self explanatory : Acreage of Woods and Plantadont, and of Nursery Gr^und.^. Country. Woods and Planta- tions. Nuraery Grounds. England Wales Scotland Acres. 1,665,741 151,610 878,765 Acres. 11,634 264 1,392 Total for Great Britain 2.726,116 13,290 Concerning Potatos, there has been an ex- tension of T per cent, in the acreage under this crop, bringing the total up to 541,000 acres. The report says, it is not without interest to observe, in the Ught of the low values ultimately realised for the product of this crop, that (according to the collectors' reports) alike in Kent, Cambridge, Bedford, and Lincoln, as well as in Cheshire and the West Eiding of Yorkshire, the larger area planted in lS9o was ascribed mainly to the good prices that had been realised for the preceding crop. The extension of 1S95 was, however, no doubt, in part at least, a recovery from the unusually small area planted in 1S94. Respecting Hops and small fruits, the area under the former last year was 59,000, a slight reduction of one per cent., and this in Kent. The cultivation of small fruits appears to be extending in Great Britain, the 08.400 acres of 1894 having become 74,500 in 1895. The figure now reached is more than double that recorded in 1888. Kent still devotes the largest area to small fruits, returning no fewer than 2'2,000acres, or nearly one-third of the total, Middlesex and Worcestershire follow in size of area, but in these counties only between 3,000 and 4000 acres of small fruits have as yet been returned. There has been a lament through the great diminution of the acreage in Wheat, but Barley, Oats, and various other crops are extending their areas, and small fruits evince a tendency to bulk more largely in the agricultural yearlj' balance-sheet. A much better system of gathering and distributing the produce gene- rally is sadly wanted. County Societies, and District and Parish Councils should endeavour to secure a better share of profits for the producer than he now obtains. M. Jules Eudolph has lately Nepenthes. issued a cultural monograph on the species of Nepenthes. It has been premiated by the National Horticultural Society of France, and is now published separately by M. Octave Doin. A list of the species and hybrids is given, with details as to their culture, details which are likely to be very serviceable to cultivators. A few slips may, however, be pointed out; for instance, Mr. Dominy was never connected with Glasnevin, and, of course. never raised any hybrid Nepenthes there. No mention is made, so far as we see, of Sir Joseph Hooker's finely illustrated monograph of the genus in the Transactions of the Linnean Society; nor of Mr. Burbidge's remarks on this genus, nor on the species collected by him in Borneo. M. EuDOLPH alludes to a curious degeneration of the hybrid N. Mastersianus X , which we have not heard of in this country. The plant is propa- gated by cuttings or by layers, and is, according to M. EUDOLPH, so subject to degeneration, that only those who are the fortunate possessors of plants raised from the original seed can rely on the perpetuation of the special characters of the plant in all their beauty. This is an extraordi- nary statement, and quite contrary to the usual experience of gai'deners with other plants. One does not see why Nepenthes should prove any exception to the rule. In any case, further evidence is required before we can accept such a statement as established. As to the digestive power of the juices of Nepenthes, it is known that Professor Yines many years ago extracted a peptic ferment from Nepenthes. The fact confirmed by Gorup- Bes.axez, and others, has been disputed by Duchartre and R-vphael, who attributed the dissolution of the nitrogenous matters intro- duced into the pitcher to the putrefactive action of bacteria. If so, of what use can the com- plicated arrangement of traps and secreting glands be ? Prom this point of view it is interesting to cite what Professor ViXES says in the current number of the Annals of Botany, a publication just issued, and which therefore Mr. Rudolph cannot have seen. Professor Yines there says (p. 292) that he has repeated the experiments ho made in 1S7G ; and " that, so far as the work has been carried out at present, the results completely accord with those at which I arrived twenty years ago." Rhododendron Smirnowii. — This is un- doubtedly one of the most interesting species of Rhododendron which has been added to our collec- tions of these plants in recent years (see fig. 5). It is a native of the Caucasus, and seeds of it were sent to Kew from the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden in 1S86. The plants thus obtained flowered for the first time in May, 1893, and have flowered with increasing freedom each year since. The species is in many respects quite distinct from any other Rhododendron in cultivation, except its near ally and neighbour, R. Ungerni, whicli was found at the same time. Con- sidering the size of the leaves, flowers, and inflores- cence, it is remarkable for its dwarfness. Some of the plants at Kew, although ten years old, are still only 6 or 8 inches high, and not one is more than 18 inches in heiglit. There are, of course, plenty of species of Rhododendron wliich at that or even greater age would be no taller than these, but none, so far as we know, producing trusses that in size and beauty compare favourably with many named garden varieties. This character sug- gests the possibility of obtaining by hybridisation a new breed of Rhododendrons of a more dwarf and compact habit than any of the garden varieties, and yet equalling them in the beauty of the flowers. Several crosses have, as we learn, been made at Kew between R. Smirnowii (as the seed-bearer) and the finer garden varieties, and some distinct-looking young plants have been obtained. The leaves of R. Smirnowi are narrow- oblong or obovate, blunt at the apex, the largest being 5 inches long by 2 inches wide. When young the lower surface is covered with a white, felt-lilce covering which with age becomes pale brown. The upper side, too, is covered with a similar substance, but it is easily rubbed off, and the surface soon becomes glabrous. The leaf resembles more closely that of Jdlt 4, 1895.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 15 the Himalayan R niveum than any other in cultiva- tion. The flowers are borne in large, rounded trusses, the corolla being of a bright, rosy purple, and from 2 to 3 inches in diameter. The species is perfectly hardy. Our illustration is from a plant that flowered at Kew. Royal HoRTrcuLTURAL Society.— A special meeting of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee was three marks, the lack of the full quorum of eleven members preventing the awarding of Merit Certifi- cates : Sutton's Prizewinner, a very fine dwarf MaiTow, and Fureka, 3 feet, having good sugary flavour ; also Carter's IVIichaelmas, 3 J feet, a capital late variety, and excellent cropper. Hero of Trowbridge, 4 feet, good. Boston Unequalled (Johnson), a very iine 3i feet variety. Lord Granby, of medium height ; Ne Plus these, three marks were awarded tt .Jersey Lily (excellent for summer growth), Veitch's Red Globe, Sutton's Early Snowball, Catlell's Silver Ball, the Flat Forcing, and Green-top Stone. It was desired that seeds of all the later or winter varieties be shown again in August. Also that the Early Long- pointed be recommended at the next Drill Hall meeting for an Award of Merit. Fig. 5.— RHODODEaiDRON 8MIRN0WU : FLOWERS KOST-PURPLE, LEAVES DOWNY ON THE UNDER SURFACE. (SKE P. 14.) held in the Chiswick Gardens, on June 29. Pr. sent : Mr. J. Wright, chairman ; the Rev. W. Wilks, Secre- tary ; Messrs. Balderson, J. Smith, J. Willabd, W. Farr, a. Dean, G. Sage, J. R. Laing, and J. T. Miles. A large number of mid-season and late Peas, =r;.erally in excellent condition, were seen. These included some older varieties for comparison of newer ones. The following were selected for the award of Ultra, Lord Mayor, 5 feet high, having superior quality. The Gladstone, 3 feet, carrying long curved handsome and well-filled pods ; and Vilmorin's Tall Butter-Sugar Pea, a free cropper, pods of the ordinary size of shelling Peas. Pods of this latter were cooked whole and pronounced excellent. Turnips next claimed attention, the later sorts of a very extensive collection being now mostly ready. Of The Royal Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The monthly meeting of the executive committee was held on the 26th ult. at the Horticultural Club, Hotel Windsor, W. Marshall, Esq., presiding. A letter WIS read from Mr. Robert Tait of Manchester, announcing that an entertainment proposed to have been given by the Manchester Gardeners' Asso- ciation on behalf of the Fund had been abandoned 16 THE GAB DENE RS' CHRONICLE. [July 4, 1896. consequent upon the death of Jlr. Bruce Findlat, but stating that a sum of iSO would be forwarded in lieu thereof A report of the annual dinner was made by the Secretary, Mr. A. F. Bakron, who further announced that the subscription-Ust was expected to reach a sum of £900. Orders were given for the payment of the quarter's allowances to childi-en, amounting to £217 lis., and to discharge other accounts. The usual vote of thanks was passed to the chairman for presiding. The National Pink Society (Midland Section).— Mr. C. F. Thurstan, the Hon. Sec. of this Society, has just issued an intimation to the effect that no exhibition will be held this season in connection with the Wolverhampton Floral Fete on July 7, owing to the bloom being over, as a conse- quence of the warm, dry spring. For a few years past. Pinks have formed a part of the diversified display made at Wolverhampton on the occasion of the July exhibition, and many will regret the absence of this fragrant flower for the reason above stated. The Pinks were in flower in the South much earlier than usual, and at a time when it was very hot and dry, consequently the duration of the bloom was a very short one. A Farm-school for Bedfordshire.— On Tuesday morning the Bedfordshire County Council accepted the invitation of the Duke of Bedford to inspect his experimental fruit-farm, and also the farm- school which the County Council, by his Grace's liberality, has been enabled to establish at Ridgmount in that county. His Grace has placed at the disposal of the Technical Instruction Committee of the County Council a farm of 275 acres, 149 being arable land, and the rest grass ; and also erected the necessary lecture-rooms, dormitories, and other buildings, for the accommodation of twenty boys, who are granted free scholarships by the Coimty Council, entitling them to two years' board, resi- dence, and instruction in the science and practice of farming at the school. The two principal officers are a house-master and farm manager, who hold high qualifications for their positions. Every branch of fai-m and garden practice is taught by precept and with models and specimens in the school, and by actual work on the farm, in the dairy, the poultry- yard, the garden, and the farmstead generally. The premises are completely equipped with the newest implements, and well stocked, while various crops are cultivated. The proximity of the fruit farm and the Woburn experimental station also present opportunities of giving instruction. The boys are the sons of agricultural labourers or small farmers. Inaugural speeches were delivered on Tuesday, with Mr. H. Blundell (chairman of the instruction committee) presiding, supported by the County Council, and Mr. Theodore Harris, who has taken a deep interest in the scheme. The institution is modelled on the lines of similar school-farms on the Continent, which were carefully inspected and re- ported upon by the organising secretary of technical instruction three years ago. The Duke of Bedford was heartily thanked for his generosity in assisting to establish an institution which is believed to be unique in this country. Tkt Times, JvJtj 1. Society of Arts.— The Council have awarded the Society's Silver Medal to the following correspon- dents of this jom'nal who have read papers during the Session 1895-96. At the ordinary meetings :— To Dr. D. Morris, C.M.G., M.A., for his paper on " Bahamas Sisal Industry ; " to Edward W. Badger, for his paper on "Fruit and Vegetable Drying;" to G. SooTT Elliot, for his paper on "The Commercial Prospects of English East Africa and British Central Africa." " A TRAVELLER'S NOTES." — Many of our readers will remember the series of letters from Mr. J. H. Veitch which appeared in our columns in 1891-94. They ijave the details of a more widely extended and continuous tour than is furnished by the annals of horticulture. Mr. Veitch's object wa5 .specially horticultural ; he desired to see the conditions under which the plants cultivated here grow naturally, and he was anxious to visit all the gardens, public and private, scientific, or com- mercial, that came in his way. How faithfully he carried out bis object, with what careful attention to detail he made his notes, his letters gave ample testi- mony. These notes have now been collected in the form of a handsome quarto volume, richly illustrated with photographic and other illustrations, many of them taken by the author. In this manner the general features of the vegetation and of the gardens of Ceylon, North-west India, Bengal, Malaya, Java, Hong-Kong, Canton, Japan, Corea, Queensland, West Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and New Zealand, are passed in review. The photogravures are excellent. A word of praise must be given to the printer for his share of the work. A route-map and a good index complete a work which is not only of present interest, but which will be of value for reference to future generations. The book is for private circulation only. International Agricultural Congress, BuDA Pest.— A Congress will be held iu Buda Pest from September 17 to 20, 1S96, with the sole object of enquiring into the causes of the agricultural depression, and as to the means of remedying it. The discussions will be held in the three following cate- gories ; — I. Production ; II. Commerce and Traffic ; and III. Customs and Credit. Edinburgh School of Rural Economy. — A copy of the Syllabus of the Edinburgh School of Rural Economy for the Session 1896-97 has now reached us. These classes, which are under the care of an influential board of management, appointed jointly by the University of Edinburgh, the Highland and Agricultural Society, the Edinburgh Town Co\mcil, and the County Council of Mid-Lothian, have met with great success, and have been highly appreciated, over 200 students having attended them last year. The courses of instruction arranged for the Session 1896-97 are similar to those of last year. Their main features are : — 1. A Two Years' Curricu- lum of Day Classes in Agriculture and alUed sciences ; 2. A Com-se of Day Lectures on Forestry in the University ; 3. An extensive series of Evening Classes on Agriculture and allied sciences, embracing Horti- culture and Forestry ; and 4. The usual Summer Vacation Classes for Schoolmasters, which liave been well attended. The day classes extend over two Sessions, each beginning in October and ending in March. It is expected that those entering for these classes will have previously completed a good general school training. The work of the First Session, em- bracing Mensuration, Mechanics, Elementary Physics and Chemistry, Botany, Book-keeping, Drawing, and Handicraft, practicaUy completes the preliminary education of the student, and gives him an adequate knowledge of the elements of the sciences that have a direct bearing on agriculture. At the same time his interest in the practical aspect of his work is maintained by such class exercises as those in measuring buildings and fields, in maiiug drawings of these to scale, in woodwork, and in the application of physics in agriculture. The subjects of study in the second session are Agri- culture ; Agricultural Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, and Entomolgy : Veterinary Science aud Forestry. The complete course thus aims at fitting a young man to enter with intelligence into his work as a farmer, a gardener, or a forester. It should enable him to understand the greater part of the work that he will see in practice, and to study for himself any special subject that he may afterwards find to be of importance to him. A student who has satisfactorily completed the two years' course of study, and who has had the required experience of practical work on the farm or in the forest, should find himself suffi- ciently prepared for the Examination for the Diploma of the Highland and Agricultural Society. Numerous and varied evening classes are provided for those who are otherwise engaged during the day. A specially mi "derate scale of fees has been an-anged. This will be indicated by the fact that the inclusive fee for the first year's entire course in agriculture is five guineas. Copies of the Syllabus are to be had from the Secretary of the University Court, Edin- burgh, or from the Secretary, 3, George IV. Bridge Edinburgh. The Reading and District Gardeners Mutual Improvement Association.— A party of about one hundred members assembled on Thurs- day evening to inspect the trials of culinary Peas, \ Sweet Peas, Potatos, &c., at Messrs. SuTTONs' grounds. The party being a large one was divided, one portion going to view the culinary Peas first, the other to inspect the Sweet Pea trials. The trials of cuUnary Peas is a very extensive one, and number 590 in 334 varieties. It being early in the season, only the first and second earUes were seen at their best. The Peas are cultivated under ordinary conditions ; they had not been afforded any artificial watering, and old varieties are found growing alongside of the newest, thus affording an excellent opportunity for comparisons. Sutton's Seedling and Excelsior are large podded, first eaily, wrinkled Peas ; and the variety Bountiful, was spoken highly of for early supplies by those of the visitors who had grown it. Among late Peas, two or three of the Duke of Albany type, attracted attention. The Sweet Peas consisted of 125 trials, all represented by diff'ereut names, aud filled 350 rows of 16 feet in length. Proposed Botanical Museum for Aber- deen.— The Aberdeen Burgh Committee, at its meeting on Friday afternoon, 26th ult., had under consideration a letter from Professor J. W. H. Trail, Aberdeen University, containing a proposal for the establishment of a museum as an aid to teachers who endeavour to give their pupils instruction in nature ; knowledge such as it ought to be, and not merely from books, and from which the teachers could borrow. Such a museum could be formed for a comparatively very small sum. Dr. Trail in- timated that he would gladly advise and assist, if the committee sanctioned the proposal to begin such a collection. Dr. Trail appended a list of the specimens required. In contending for his proposal at the meeting. Dr. Trail maintained that such an institution would give pupils intending to go to the University, a grounding which would be very useful. An informal discussion ensued, and although favourably viewed, the matter was deferred. AcORUS calamus.— This fragrant Aroid is not uncommon along the banks of the Thames and of the canals in certain parts of Middlesex, so that no suspicion of its not being truly a native is entertained by many. Parkinson, however. Theatre of Plants, p. 140, says : — " These Reeds are strangers, not growing with us, we having no further knowledge of them." With reference to this plant, the following incident may be mentioned : — Many years ago a Kentish farmer had occasion to consult a London physician. The doctor, amongst other things, pre- scribed some preparation of Acorus calamus. On the farmer asking how and where he could procure the drug, the physician said, " Yo,i go and ask Mr. M of Canterbury, and he will tell you." The farmer did so ; received precise indications as to where the plant might be found, when the farmer replied, " Why, the house you mention near the pool where the plant , grows is the house wherein I live ! " | "The Sturtevant Prelinnean Library of THE Missouri Botanical Garden."— This is a catalogue (reprinted in brochure form from the seventh Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden) of such volumes, published previous to the year 1753, as were given to the garden by Dr. E. Lewis Stortevant in 1892. The books are, of course, all devoted to botanical and horticultural subjects, and include an extraordinarily rich col- lection of herbals, natural histories, aud medical i botanies in many languages, the whole forming | an interesting and valuable collection upon the acquisition of which the garden is to be con- gratulated. ' J7LI 4, 1896.] THE GABDENEJRS' CUB ON I CLE. 17 •'The Sources of Plant-food."— This little book contains a paper read before the Maacheater Horticultural Improvement Society by E. Griffiths HtroHEs. The scope of it may be gathered from the ftub-title, which mentions that the book includes "detailed analyses and experiments showing the dominant mineral elements which govern the growth of plants, and the development of fruit, flowers, and vegetables." It is further intended as a guide for amateur and practical gardeners, to enable them to understand more thoroughly the theory and practice of fruit and flower cultivation. Some o£ the pages of this treatise are devoted to a paper upon plant- cleaning, the subject being, of course, insect pests and ddseasee, and how best to combat them. "Carnation Culture for Amateurs."— An illustrated handbook bearing the above title has lately been issued by Mr. B. C. Ravenscboft (pub- lisher, L. Upoott QiLL, 170, Strand). The little volume contains instructions for growing Carnations of all classes in the open ground and in pots, with somewhat scanty notes on insect foes and diseases. Various illustrations elucidate the book, which may be commended to the notice of amateurs as likely to be very serviceable to them. •• The District Councillors Handbook," by J. C. SwtNBaBNE Hanham (London : Shaw h Sons, Fetter Lane and Crane Court, E.G.). This volume is devoted, as the title implies, to such infor- mation as may be useful to District Councillors. It treats of the office, qualification and election of these officers ; of their duties, powers and fees ; and may be commended to the notice of those to whom it is addressed as containing valuable hints for their guidance. Sterilized Mushroom Spawn.— According to the Bulletin d' Arboriculture for June, the Pasteur Institute in Paris is now working in the interests of horticulture. It now, in fact, offers to the horti- cultural public llushroom spawn in two forms : sterilized, and in its normal condition, analogous to what French Mushroom growers know as hlanc vierge. The sterLUzed spawn is an entirely new product obtained by the germination of the fungus spores. Tills is pure, free from any other fungus spores but those of the Mushroom. It is raised from picked Mushrooms remarkable for size of productive and aiarketable properties. The Pasteur Institute under- takes to provide any variety which the gi'ower wishes io have, aud, if the Mushroom-fancier has any variety which he wishes to propagate, the Institute under- takes to secure the germination of that Mushroom of which he wishes for spawn. It will thus raise to jrder special spawn in as large a quantity as may be •equired. The sterilized spawn yields rapid, regular, md considerable produce. It can be prepared in jnliniited quantities. Mr. H. W. WARO.—After fiUing the position of aead gardener at Longford Castle, Salisbury, for a period extending over twenty-five years, eighteen Tears under the late beloved Earl of Radxor, and seveu uuder the present peer, Mr. Wakd, as we ire informed, has felt it advisable to resign his ip['-.intment, and is consequently at liberty to iccept a fresh situation where a good staff of men s kept, and where gardening is carried on with ;pirit ; or to undertake the management of a smaller «la;o as steward and gardener. During his quarter ;' a century's management of Longford Castle gar- leus, Mr. AVard has made them what they are — one ■ i the best known in the United Kingdom. During hat period of time also he has superintended the erec- ion and heating of pretty nearly all the glass-houses, ncUiding a range of Orchid-houses, extended the imous Italian flower - garden, and considerably xtended and beautified the grounds, cfec, besides .inning for Longford Castle at leading metropolitan u 1 provincial shows the reputation of being a good I'uit and vegetable-growing establishment. With ■ loU a record, it is to be hoped that Mr. Ward will t be long without the employment for which his apacities eminently fit him. A New Strawberry. — Fruits of a new Straw- berry were brought by Messrs. J. VEiroa & Sons before the Fruit Committee of the Eoyal Horticul- tural Society's meeting on the 29th ult. at Chiswick. The fact that the next meeting at the Drill HaU does not take place until the 14th inst., a period of fifteen days later than the Chiswick meeting, was pleaded in extenuation of this unusual course, and cordially accepted. The variety in question, which rejoices at present in the somewhat grandiose appellation of "Majestic," is the product of a^cross between British Queen and Waterloo. It is one of Mr. Seden's rais- ing, that experienced hybridist having occasionally dealt with fruits, as a change from Orchids. His first production in that direction seems to have been sin- gularly successful. The fruits of this Strawberry have the round or semi-pointed form, and generally the deep colour of Waterloo, and all the flavour of British Queen ; indeed, as a completely ripened or finished Strawberry, it was declared to be one of the richest-flavoured in cultivation. The variety is a large cropper, has the Queen erect foliage and form, with the Waterloo irreenness. It is distinctly a late variety. The committee agreed to recommend at the next Drill Hall meetmg that a First-class Certificate be awarded to it. We suggest that a more fitting appellation would be '• Harry Veiteh." Some Notes on Roses Shown at Reading. — At the Rose show held by the National Rose Society at Reading on the ■lith. ult.. no fewer than 3,9S0 blooms were staged in competition in the classes devoted to hybrid perpetuala, hybrid Teas, Teas and Noisettes, or 320 more blooms than at the Gloucester exhibition last year. Consequently, the Reading show was the largest provincial exhibition ever hold by the society in the south of England. With the exception of those at Birmingham in 1890, and at DerV>y in 1895, it was, moreover, the most extensive show that his as yet been held by the society in any part of the kingdom, if we except the metropolitan e.xhibitions at South Kensington and the Crystal Palace, where the classes open to exhi- bitors were, as a rule, nearly twice as numerous. Edward Mawlcy, Hon. Sec, X.R.S. The Cedar Forests of Mount Mlanje. — One of the earUest acts of Sir H. H. Johnston's administration as Commissioner in British Central Africa was to declare the great mountain mass of Mlanje, in the south-eastern corner of the British territory, Crown property. The Commissioner's main object in doing so was to protect the remnants of the magnificent Cedar (Widdriugtonia) forests that were still found on Mlanje, and that this policy was a wise one is shown by the report which has just been addressed to the Commissioner by Mr. John M'Clocnie, who is in charge of the Govern- ment's forests in that district. In this report Mr. M'Clounie says: — "I have now been all over the Ruo plateau and the Luchenya, and the Likubula gorge, and the Tuchila plateaux. The district round the source of the Tuchila is by far the best and most timbered part of the mountain. A few straggling trees are seen near the source of the Ruo, and only one of any size, while the Luchenya is dotted with Cedar along its slopes. The Likubula is well wooded, but the forests are almost inaccessible. On the plateau round the source of the Tuchila the ground is covered with compact Cedar forests, and may be estimated at 700 to SOO acres, on that around the Likubula about 200 acres, and a further 100 acres round the Luchenya. Giving the number of trees to the acre as 150, the total number of full-grown existing trees should stand at 150,000, with an average of 40 cubic feet of timber each. At the present value of Ss. per cubic foot the total value of these trees would be i£900,000. But if this timber was sold, as it ought to be, at 6s. a cubic foot, the wealth would be doubled. As I have gone all over the woods, and noticed quantity and quality, these figures may be taken as near the mark. It is no exaggeration to say that five or six years' more delay in the assumption of control over the remauiing patches of Cedar forest would have meant the entire extinction of this unique Conifer, which there is abundant evidence to show was once indigenous to all the high mountains and plateaux in the southern part of British Central Africa. Up to the present I have cut up nothing but dead wood which, in most cases, is in good, seasonable condition. The supply of timber yearly might be considerable, and not materially affect the forests for many years, especially as there are large numbers of young trees growing up in all the woods which must now be protected from fire. I have this season sown a large quantity of Cedar-seed, which should be ready in a year to trans- plant. The ground to be planted must be thoroughly hoed and cleaned to remove grass, &c. , attd prevent fires." Times. Trentham Horticultural Society.— We are requested to announce that the Trentham Horti- cultural Society's show will not be held this year, owing to the County Agricultural show being fixed to take place at the same date at Longton, of which place the Duke of Sutherland is the Mayor. CaTTLEYA LABIATA WARNERI. — There are now flowering at Laeken, neai' Brussels, in the gardens of H.M. the KiNu of the Belgian.?, under the care of Mr. Knioht, eight plants of Cattleya labiata Warneri carrying 179 flowers, on fifty-eight flowering bulbs. One plant with twelve flowering bulbs has forty flowers. This is generally considered a shy- flowering Cattleya, but it is simply magnificent as here sliown. Any one who wi.shes to see them may do so on application to the Superintendent of the Royal Gai'dens, Laeken. Edinburgh Chair of Botany.— In the House of Lords on Tuesday, June 30, a bill was read a second time which has for its object the transference to the Crown of the right of patronage to the Chair of Botany in the Edinburgh University which is now vested in the curators of patronage. It has hitherto been usual that with the Chair of Botany the professor should hold the office of curator of the Botanical Gardens, an office which was in the patronage of Her Majesty, and unless arrangements were made between the appointing parties consider- able inconvenience would ensue. It was in the interest of the School of Botany that the same person should hold both offices, aud with a view to facilitate this a departmental committee had recom- mended that the transfer proposed should take place, and the proposal had been agreed to by Her Majesty, the treasury, and all others who were interested. Gorey Rose Show.— The Gorey Rose Show was held in the grounds at Mr. Cliffe Owen's residence, at Kuockmullen, on Tuesday, June 23. The fixture was only established last year ; and though it is conducted on a somewhat unpretentious scale, it has contracted considerable attention amongst the Rose-growers of the north of the county, as was shown by the number, variety, and beauty of the flowers exhibited on Tuesday. The Earl Fitzwilliam, CooUattin Park, lent a splendid tent, and flowers were sent for exhibition by Mr. W. Dixon, Bellniount (who acted as judge), Mr. Steele, of Earlswood, and Mr. Wilson, of Shillelagh. The fine collection of Roses, Begonias, and Orchids of the first named gentleman were a centre of attraction, while the contributions of the two latter were also much admired. The Earl of Courtown lent some plants for the decoration of the tent. The band of the Wexford Regiment, which was in attendance, played a choice selection of music during the day. The Roses were not up to the standard of last year, a fact which is. however, wholly attributable to unfavourable weather. On the whole, Messrs. George Mercer and Cliffe Owen are to be congratulated on the result of theu efforts. Extract from tltc Enniscorthy Giuirdian. Flowers in Season. — A correspondent re- siding at Reading, Mr. S. Kemonger, sends us some very pretty, fragrant flowers of seedling Carnations, raised froin seeds sown, so he tells us, about a year ago. Everyone with space at command should grow 18 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 4, 1898. Carnations from seed, for the produce is sure to be varied and pretty, tbe plants strong, and the blooms abundantly produced; there is, moreover, the excitement of waitiug for the opening of the flowers, and, may be, securing a flower of the first water. Publications ReCVMED.— Annual Administra- tive Report of the Forest Department, Madras Presi- dency, for the Year ending June 30, \%^5.— Bulletin of t!ie -Botanical Department, Jamaica, edited by Wil- liam Fawcett. Among the contents are : Notes on Citrus fruits. Synoptical List of Ferns, continued ; Sarsaparilla, and other papers. — Farmers' Bulletin, No. 3S, U. S. Department of Agriculture ; " Spray- ing for Fruit Diseases," by B. T. Galloway.— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Ento- mology; some Mexican and Japanese Injurious In- sects liable to be introduced into the United States. — New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 100, "Combating Carnation Rust," by F. C. Stewart. — Bulletin No. 101, "Potato Diseases of Long Island in the Season of 1895," by F. C. Stewart. — Minnesota Botanical Studies. — Bulletin No. 9, April 30. Contents: — "Distribution of the North American Helvallales," Lucien M. Under- wood ; "Physiology of Root-tubers of Isopyram biternatum," D. T. McDougal ; "Plants Collected by Dr. J. H. Sandbero in Northern Minnesota,'' J. M. HoLZiNGER ; "Changes in Dry Weight of Leaves of Heliauthus," S. Thompson and W. W. Pendergabt, &c. — Vegetations, Biologic von New Iceland, Yon L. Diels. — Bulletin No. 132, Michigan State Agricultural College Experiment Station : "Some Injurious Insects," by G. C. Davis. — Ros Rusirum, by E. V. B., 2nd edition, Elliot] Stock. — Arboricul- turists and Others in NorOi. Oermany, Macfaulane & Irskine. PLANT POETRAITS. Beooxia Gloibe de Lorraine, Garden^ June 6. Begonia Gloire de Lorraine. Illiutration Horticole, May 30, PI. Iviii. Deux Prdnes ANOLAisEa.— Prince of Wa'es and Rivers' Early Transparent Gage. JHustradwi Hvrticole, June 15, PI. Ux. GLADI0LD8 HTBR, KONINGIN WiLHELMINA, TijdschHft COOT Taiiibouv:, PI. vi. Book Notice. Gardeners and Cricket. We hear little now-a-days of those who follow the gardening profession distinguishing themselves in any branches of sport. This is probably owing to the fact that recreation outside the limit of the sphere of a gardener's labours is practically impossible, since plants, like children, require constant attention ; and this was never more apparent than at the present day, when our greenhouses, conservatories, and hot-houses are stocked with plants from almost every part of the world. We have in our mind the names of a few prominent gardeners who delight in the good old English game of cricket, and it is interesting to be told that over a century ago three of the most celebrated cricketers of the day were gardeners in large establishments. .\ dainty little volume that has just come into our hands, entitled Annals of Cricket, by Mr. W. W. Read, a famous Surrey player, contains some curious descriptions of these " wielder.-i of the Willow." Edward Stevens was gardener to the Earl of Tankerville at Walton on-Thames, was also the most famous bowler of the day, from 1760 to 1790. He is said to have had an eye trained as straight as a plant, that he could pitch a ball 22 yards' distance, and hit a daisy four times out of six attempts. He was nick- named "Lumpy," ou account of his solid buili About the same time H. MinshuU and W. Rumuey were famous cricketers ; both were in the gardens at Knolc Park, Sevenoaks, at that time the seat of the Duke of Dorset. These men used to be taken about by theu- employer to play in diS"erent counties, a proceed- ing that may have been very well for cricket, b ut must have been extremely tantalising to the head-gardener. MinshuU is stated to have been a very fine batter, but aa conceited as a wagtail. If description goes for anything, another leading player, in the person of Tom Taylor, must surely have been associated with some horticultural pursuit, for he is measured-up as '•a country clod-stumper, with a wilted applejohn face, and skin Uke the rind of an old Oak, and quite as sapless." He was a regular Daisy-cutter. George Brockwell and Daniel Hayward were giants at the game some fifty years ago. They were both famous in the history of Surrey cricket, and the latter, who put in his gardening apprenticeship at Mitcham, became noted for his abilities in cricket parlance as " an exceedingly showy hitter " and " fast field." The book contains many illustrations of past and present cricket fields, and also an instructive chapter on the management of a cricket ground (2s. 6(i., Sampson, Low & Co.). LEADER STP.AWBERRY. The number of new varieties of Strawberries is constantly increasing, and in some of them there are points which will tend to keep them in cultivation for a long time. Messrs. Laxton, of Bedford, have been noted for many years past for the general excellence of the Strawberries of their raising, and in the present instance they are sending out in Leader a variety of fine appearance, prolific, and admirably adapted for forcing as a second early. They inform us that it is excellent for outside culture. Our illustration (fig. 6), which shows the plant and fruits of less than half size, was taken from an example sent to us for our inspection on the 2nd ult. Home Correspondence. PLANT NOMENCLATURE. — The recent publication of the Index Kcwcnsis, has caused much discussion upon this subject. It seems to me that the names of plants are becoming more confused year by year. Disregarding the utter confusion which exists in the names of garden varieties, could not some steps now be taken so that there may be only one name recog- nised for each species of plant ? Now, what are the steps to be taken ? I would suggest that the Royal Horticultural Society should pass a resolution declining to recognise a plant under any other name except that under which it is catalogued in the Index. Kcwcnsis. Could not nurserymen, too, agree only to apply to a plant the name under which it is designated in the above work ? Could not you and the editors of other horticultural publications come to a similar agree- ment ? I am well aware of the difficulties in the way of bringing about this result. At the same time, taking into consideration the advantages which would be conferred, and the confusion which would bo saved, is it not now worth making a determined effort in this direction, now that we have a standard work to which we can refer? E. D. Tillett. [As a general nile, we make it a practice to conform to the Index Kewensis, but v?e cannot always stop to see if a name cited by a correspondent, or even one used by ourselves, is in conformity with the Index. Ed.] NO MORE HERRING -NETS. —When Strawberry time was about to arrive, I dreaded to have to again haul down the nets from the loft, where ihey had been put away since they were used last year, only to find them, as usual, full of rents, and perhaps also rotten with either tlie dry or wet rot. Having con- sidered how very cheaply galvanised wire netting may now be bought, I made up my mind to give it a trial this j'ear, and procured some coils of netting of 1 inch mesh, and 2 feet wide for the sides. For covering the top I selected wire netting of 3 feet in width, with a mesh of U inch. Our Strawberry -beds were luckily exactly 12 feet wide, and the lengths various, so that there was no difficulty in forming the enclosure. The wood soanthng used as a framework was 2 inches by 1 inch. The netting 2 feet, and 1 inch mesh, was soon fixed to a framing round the sides of the bed, and for the netting 3 feet wide framing was made to place over the top. This done, the structure was complete, and the Straw- berries were safe from the predatory visits of the blackbirds and thrushes. Nothing could be more simple or cheaper, I think, in the end than this. AVhen protection is no longer required, the wire at the sides may be rolled up, and the framings on the top stacked away in a dry place, in readiness for another year. Wbeu we gather the fruit, all that the gardener has to do is to hft off the top framings, lay them on top of the others, and so proceed until the required quantity is picked. The sides might advantageously be made, say, 6 feet high, and the roofing fixed at the same height, which would obviate the necessity of removing the top framings when gathering, a doorway admitting to the enclo- sure. I have, however, stopped short of this com- modious method, feeling satisfied with the present arrangements ; but to render the Currant and Rasp- berry plantations secure the higher form will have to be adopted. The birds look with longing eyes on fruits under the nets, but they are not altogether without the opportunity of having a taste of them ; nor do I see any reason why they should, seeing how much good they do by ridding us of slugs and caterpillars, besides enUvening the garden by their song. They are left, entirely to themselves, an old Strawberry plantation, from which a tolerably good feed can be obtained. All this kind of protection may not be wanted in gardens less surrounded by trees and shrubs, but at Coombe Abbey the protec- tion of such kinds of fruit becomes a necessity. IF. MiUcr. VIOLA OR TUFTED PANSY. — An attempt is being made in certain quartei-s to induce cultivators of that section of Pausies denominated Violas to drop this title and substitute for it "tufted Pansy." AVhat is meant by Viola is clearly understood, and as the term has been employed ever since the late Mr. John Wills brought Viola comuta into such notice as a bedding plant, the employment of the term is sanc- tioned and confirmed by usage. There is scarcely a compiler of a catalogue of Violas who does not employ the term, and in order to show how inap- plicable is the term " tufted Pansy " to many of the Violas, an inspection should be made of the extensive trial of a considerable number of the leading varieties now being carried out by the Viola Conference in the gardens of the Royal Botanic Society in the Regent's Park. It will be perceived that a large majority of the varieties, instead of having a tufted habit, i.e., close, dwarf, and compact, they have an erect, tall, spare habit, and almost need the support of stakes to keep them in an upright position. A great many of the new Violas of the pi-esent day are selected, not because they are adapted for bedding purposes, in the decoration of the flower garden, but because they are thought to have a value for forming sprays for exhibition purposes, and their habit ceases to become an important consideration. This is unfortunate, because misleading. Certificates of Merit are awarded to cut blooms, the varieties are iu consequence purchased for flower-garJeu use, the habit of growth is found to be objectionable, and dis- appointment results. The main reason why the trial of Violas has been instituted at the Regent's Park is to enable a selection to be made of those best adapted for flower-garden purposes ; on the other hand, many of the fancy and show Pansies (named varieties), liave dwarf and compact habits, and have much more claim to be regarded as tufted than many of the Violas. I desire, therefore, as a lover and cultivator of the Viola, to see the old and distinctive name retained ; its UEe does not lead to any confusion, it is readily imder- stood, it is sanctioned by usage, and it differentiates in an intelligible manner the bedding types from the large show and fancy Pansies. £. D. PER-SIMON NOT PERSIMMON.— It may interest my friend Canon EUacombe to hear that the recent Derby winner was not named after either Diospyros virginiana, or D. Kaki, as he suggests on p. 790 of your last issue ; but that the name of the horse should really have but one " m," as written at the com- mencement of this note. The origin of the name was, I believe, that the name of the horse's dam began with Per, aud its sire was St. Simon, and that accordingly the colt was given a name made up for the occasion out of a syllable from the names of each of its parents. W. E. Oumhleton. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S CERTIFI- CATES.— A young member of the Fruit and Vege- table Committee, whose sympathies may be naturally with new things rather than with old, recently raised the not unimportant question at one of the committee meetings as to the propriety of granting Awards of Merit or Certificates to old things under any circum- stances. That the committee declined to discuss the JcLY 4, 1896.] THE GAB DENE BS' CHRONICLE. 19 subject doubtless showed wisdom, as the proposal might have led to long discussion practicjly use- less at ordinary meetings. But there is matter in the proposal for discussion, although it may be thought that the subject was rather one for the Council to determine, though thai body may be aa indisposed to fetter the action of the committee as that committee seems unwilling to fetter itself. Now it is true the objects of the committees are " to meeting to Rhubarb Victoria, one of the very best in commerce, but which never before obtained an award. At the same time a similar award was made to a new variety — CoUis' Seedling. Both these were grown at Chiswick for comparison, and sample bundle.'?, with others, were brought up to the Drill Hall for the committee's inspection. Now, excellent variety as is CoUis' Seedling, it is not a bit better than is the old Victoria. Still, when subjects are sent great love for awards to old things, which everybody has, because, from a trade point of view, there is no money in them ; but there are others who would very i-uthlessly trample that objection under foot. It is as much the business of the committees, by their awards, to make known to the world what are good old things as well as good new things, because the gardening world wants not so much the newest as the best. If there were an order or instruction issued to the com- Fia. 6. — " LEADEK " STRAWBERRY. (sB2 P. 18). (Raisjd by Messrs, Laxton Brothers, Bedford. Foliage and fruits balf-natr.ral size.) encourage the production of new and improved varieties of fruits, flowers, plants, vegetables, &c.," but there is no restriction imposed with respect to awards to old things. On the other hand, the growing of old-established things at Chiswick for purposes of comparison is distinctly encouraged, and it has always been the practice there to give the full number of mai'ks to good old things, so grown, as to meritorious new ones. The particular case which provoked the proposal of the member in question was the granting of an Award of Merit at a recent to Chiswick f»r trial, the Fruit Committee does not like to treat them, as it were, with contempt, simply because they may not be better, though perhaps they are as good aa older varietiea are. Those who send these diverse things are entitled to some encouragement. Still, if CoUis' seedling merited an Award of Merit, unquestionably such an old and tried variety as Victoria did so as well ; and because that was the general feeling, the award to this old thing was made, I can very well understand that in some quarters there is no mittees that under no circumstances should awards of merit or certificates be granted to anything unless the thing in question is a distinct advance on any similar old variety, the order, though right enough and logical, would still seem harsh and prohibitive, but it would materially reduce the number of awards now made. But why any limit should be placed on the present powers of the committees to recognise the merits of good old things aa well as of new things — not always good, all of them — is difficult to under- stand. Many old things still so good as to be 20 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 4, 1896. universally grown never met with awards of any description ; some, indeed, came into being before the committees did. It is hard to understand why they should not receive now the same recognition that the committees grant to their younger compeers. A. D. [The form of the award should be different in the two cases and then no objection could be raised. Ed.] FASCIATED PEA. — When looking round a gentle- man's garden lately I came across the enclosed curiosity. I thought it would interest you to see it. This tufted Pea is a chance seedling, the seed of which has been saved for the past three years. My friend, who is an enthusiastic gardener, thinks highly of it, and gets a good crop of useful Peas from thi.« novelty ; average height, about 4 feet. Personally, I never saw a Pea of this habit before. Please give me your opinion through the columns of the Gar- deners' Clironide. D. Crombie, Powerscourt Gardens, £nnlskerry, Ireland. [The stem is fasciated, pro- ducing a cluster of Peas at the top, like the so-called Mummy-Pea, which occurs occasionally, and excites so much attention. It has nothing but the name to connect it with mummies. Ed ] LENT LILIES. — The very clerical— or shall I say, rather, ecclesiastical — term of Lent, applied both to Hellebores and Daffodils, is distinctly fantastic, and it may well be said, very absurd. Every flower, no matter what, that blooms during Lent might just as well be termed Lent something, as the flowers named are so dubbed. But in the case of the circular referred to at p. 765, vol. xix., in relation to prizes for plants, it would seem as if the author had got mixed over Hellebores and DafiFodUs, for whilst the forms of Helleborus might have been commonly known as Christmas Roses, the later forms of H. orientalis or colchicus have had given to them the more modem appellation of Lent Roses. But it is more ridiculous to term these flowers Roses, than it is to term Daffodils Lent Lilies. The use of terms or names in this eccentric and misleading fashion by horticulturists is specially reprehensible. JJ. MEALY-BUG ON VINES. — In last week's issue of your valuable paper you recommend "J. M. R.," on p. 796, to fumigate with XL-All, as a means of partially ridding the vinery of this pest, and assert that it will not injure the Vines. With the direc- tions given on each bottle of XL-All, gardeners are cautioned not to use it for Lady Uownes and Muscat Grapes, both of which I know from experience it will injure. As many gardeners no doubt will follow the advice given to " J. M. R.," my remarks may be of good service to some of them. F. C. Edwards. [We have used it without injury but with great success in a small house where Black Hamburgh and Syrian were grown and terribly infested with mealy bug. Ed.] STARCH-POTATOS.— "D. T. F." thinks that we may here at home take successfully to the cultivation of Potatos for the production of starch as a manufac- tured article of trade. I am not sure that t iking an average of seasons, we get soil- warmth enough in this country to produce a maximum of starch in the tubers. Then it would seem as if the German varie- ties, grown specially for the production of starch and of sugar, to be transformed into alcohol, contained both these elements in a greater degree than our home-raised, or the American varieties do. If th.at be so, it may be due either to lung special breeding to secure those features, or to greater soil-warmth during the tubering season, in time creating those elements in a marked degree. One thing always has been known ; it is, that the smaller tubers are invariably more starchy in flesh than are the larger ones, as these latter largely owe their greater size to excess of water, due probably to breed, to high culture, and to robust top-growth. But, as " D. T. F." says, the whole thing needs to be investi- gated, and in a thorough way. Apart from chemical analysis, we want to have Potatos grown so diversely that eSects may be fully tested. A . D. STARCH AND SUGAR CONTENTS IN POTATOS AND IN ROOT-CROPS. — In reference to the remarks of your coirespondent " D. T. F.," at p. 76S, vol. xix., a few more notes may be quoted upon the subject from illustrations obtained by Lawes aud Gilbert at Rothamsted. But little is definitely known of the special functions of individual mineral constituents in vegetation. It is, however, pretty clearly established that the presence of potash is essential for the forma- tion of the chief non-nitrogenous matters — starch and sugar. The published results of experiments at Rothamsted have shown that the proportion of potash in the ash of Wheat was the greater, the better matured the grain — that is, the larger the proportion of starch it contained ; in the Potato was found a greatly increased amount of potash in the heaviest crops, that is to say, in those in which the largest amounts of starch have been found. The results of cooking several samples of Potatos, grown in the Rothamsted experiments, showed that the nutty flavour of the tubers depended very much upon the quantity of potash taken up during growth. Hence the immense value of a suffi- cient supply of potash in the soil, or of an artificial application in the form of kainit salt, or sulphate of potash. The Rothamsted experiments further show that high specific gravity in Potato tubers, aud high percentage of dry matter go together. The total amount of dry matter produced per acre is considerably increased by mineral manure alone (containing potash), but very much more when the mineral and nitrogenous manures are used together. Thus the produce of dry substance of tubers was, without manure, 1353 lb. per acre ; with purely mineral manure, 2384 lb. ; and with the mixture of mineral and nitrogenous manure, more than 4000 lb. per acre. The produce of starch per acre is 1120 lb. without manure, and 19SS lb. with purely mineral manure ; but with both nitrogenous and mineral manure the quantity of starch is raised to an average of 3400 lb., or about 1^ ton per acre. Here, then, in the Potato, we find a great increase in the production of the non-nitrogenous constituent, starch, by the use of nitrogen in manure, just as in the root-crops, has been found a great increase in the produce of the non-nitrogenous constituent, sugar, by the use of nitrogenous manure, when combined with potash. The same thing holds good in the production of sugar in Grapes. There is, however, under corresponding conditions as to manure, somewhat more sugar pro- duced in Mangel-Wurzel for 1 of nitrogen in manure, than of starch in the Potato. Thus, with similar mineral manures (containmg pjtash), and the same amounts of nitrogen supplied, was obtained, reckoned over the produce by the mineral manures alone, in Mangel Wurzel 19 parts of sugar for 1 of nitrogen as ammonium-salts, against 16'8 parts of starch in the Potato ; and for 1 of nitrogen as nitrate of soda, was obtained 221 parts of sugar in Mangel Wurzel, and 161 parts of starch in Potatos. In Sugar-beet, how- ever, there was even much more sugar produced for 1 of nitrogen — namely, when as ammonium-salts 2S'6 parts, and when as nitrate of soda 36 parts. As then the root-crops are essentially sugar-yielding crops, so the Potato is essentially a starch-yielding crop ; and it is seen that, provided tiie mineral con- stituents, and especially potash, are not deficient, the produce of both sugar and starch is greatly increased by the amount of nitrogen available to the plant within the soil, whether derived from previous accumulations, or from direct nitrogenous manuring. Another point to which attention may be called is, that from 80 to 85 per cent, of the total potash of the Potato tuber, and about two-thirds of the total phosphoric acid, are found in the juice. And when it is borne in mind that two-thirds or more of the nitrogen existing as albuminoids is in the juice, it is obvious that if the mode of cooking the Potato is such as to exclude the constituents of the juice from the final food-proJuct, there is considerable waste of nutritive matter, and the nutty flavour of the Potato is sacrificed. /. /. Willis, Ilarpendcn. ORCHIS FOLIOSA.— This fine Madeiran terrestrial Orchis has for several years spontaneously produced seedlings in my garden. Most of the seedlings have spotted leaves, and seem to be intermediate between 0. foliosa and 0. maoulata, which is so prevalent in the soil of my fields as to come up casually and flower in the borders. I mention these apparent hybrids because in the Drill Hall on Tuesday, June y, Mr. Pritchard, of Christchurch, exhibited several very fine heads of dark purple Sowers labelled 0. foliosa, which I at once recognised as belonging to these intermediate forms. Also in the rook-garden at Kew, in one of the flat basements on the right-hand side as you face south, there are two clumps of these intermediates. One of the clumps has the spotted leaves of ordinary 0. maculata, the other has the foliage of 0. foliosa ; but the flowers, though magnified, of 0. macuUta, or rather of those very fine forms of maculata whish are not uncommon where 0. latifolia and O. maculata grow together, and of which a variety long known as O. maculata superba, or the " Kilmarnock Orchis," was a good example. I hope, if this meets the eye of any one who frequents Kew and studios terrestrial Orchises, that lie will examine the plants of which I speak. I have had hundreds of impDrted Orchis foliosa from M idcira. but never saw any like those which Mr. Pritchard exhibited, or those of which I speak as now in flower at Kew. C. Wolloj Did, Ebjc Hall, Malpas. LATHYRUS DRUMMONDI.— This Everlasting Pea has been superb with me this season. It is planted against a wall of medium height, and the plant having attained to considerable strength, covers a large space, and blooms with astonishing freedom. I got it originally from Mr. Charles Green under this name, and take it to be a selected form of L. rotundi- folius, but yet differing a little in some respects. [See Qard. Chron., July 1, 1876, p. 16. Ed.] The flowers are of a bright orange-carmine tmt, but like most of the Everlasting Peas they fade rapidly. I have grown L. rotundifolius by the side of it, and have come to regard L. Drummondi as earlier, freer of bloom, and more vigorous in growth, while it does not flower so freely as the former, and sets its seed- pods more abundantly. By the side of it is L. lati- folius, the shoots of which find their way among those of L. Drummondi, and the former keeps up the floral procession after the latter has done blooming. The shoots of Clematis Jackmauni, and those of C. magnifica, also creep among those of the Ever- lasting Peas, and form a charming combination. I find germination is hastened by soaking the seeds in water for a few hours before sowing. R. D. BIRDS AND INJURIOUS INSECTS.— Your corre- spondent, Mr. Joseph CoUinson, at p. 711, vol. xix., makes a humanitarian plea for the preservation ot insect-eating birds, in a temperate and reasonable manner, and I quite agree with him that to destroy tom-tits is to destroy one of the gardener's and fruit-grower's best friends. The only predatory acts that I can lay to the tom-tit's charge are a fond- ness for late Peas, aud a nasty habit of pecking the stems of nearly-ripe Pears ; but I believe that a few lumps of suet tied up in their haunts would cure them, or rather prevent them doing this, their only mischievous acts. Sparrows are in a different category ; the only harm they do us is to choke the water-spouta with their nests, and drive away the swallows by occupying their nests, but as sparrows increase at an incredible rate, they want to be kept in bounds, aud cultivators should use their discretion. Our place is fairly a bird's paradise. We are surrounded with thousands of all kinds of birds, aud if I were not liberally supplied with netting, crops of small fruits would be out of the question. My own view on the bird question is, that with plenty of netting the only bird that it is needful to destroy is the bullfinch, as they will destroy more fruit-buds in an hour, than would keep a dozen blackbirds a week. One year before I took to destroying them they ate every Apple-bud we had on the place ; but in such a season as the present one, owing to the un- genial %veather, cold nights, bright sunshine, and harsh drying weather, combined with the drought, all kinds of vegetation received a check, but at the same time all kinds of insects are present in such incredible numbers that the ingenuity of man and the insect- eating birds are powerless against them. On a broad scale, of course bushes, wall-trees, Roses, and such like with the aid of insecticides the cultivator succeeds, but in the case of the large trees aud shrubs caterpillars innumerable are the masters of the situation. I have euclosed a few shoots of Oak trees taken out of a large rookery about 100 yards from my house. There are thousands, of rooks who are now living on the caterpillars. I can hear them cawing as I am writing — a peculiar noise they always make when feeding on caterpillars. The tops of the Oak trees are worse than the shoots, sent, and I dai-esay there are 100 acres of trees round about whose leaves are similarly perforated, and tlie tops of which look as if scorched. It seems that an unhealthiness in a tree favours the produc- tion of insect-life, just as au uuhealtliy condition of living produces disease in the humin subject, or in animal life generally. R. M., Newbury. Jam 8. [The shoots our correspondent forwarded for our inspection were covered with skeletonised leaves. Ed.]. MYATT'S ELIZA STRAWBiRRY. — This old variety is, no doubt, excelled by some of the new varieties in size, but by few, perhaps, in the good quality of the fruits ; for hardiness of constitution a.id prolific beai'ing, Myatt's Eliza can still, however, hold its own. G. W. [A capital variety, of strong growth, once thought much of by market growers- and private gardeners. Its colour, pale red, is, per- haps, against it Our correspondent sent a number of fruits of good size and flavour and fair colour. Ed.] THE LATE BRUCE FINDLAY.— Seldom have 1 felt the loss of a comrade more than that of this lost gentle and gifted spirit. Though rather widely parted, we were ever one in sympathy and spirit in all that concerned the advancement of horticulture, the elevation of horticulturists, and July 4, 1896.] THE GABDENEBS' GHBONIGLE. 21 the amelioration and ennoblement of the common workiue life of our country through the sweetness and the light distilled and diffused among the masses and the classes through such efforts as those so suc- cessfully initiated and sustained by Mr. Findlay for so many years at Manchester. We are losing so many leaders and veterans, (Aat horticultural life in its social side seems less worth loviug tiian it used to be, though we hope we shall never lack young men to fill their places ; though of Bruce Findlay, as of some others we have lately lost from our midst, it may all too truly be said, " We ne'er shall see his like again." D. T. Fish, 12, Fittes Rom, Edinburgh. SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICTJIiTURAL. Scientific Committee. June 23.— Pr€5f»j(: Dr. M. T. Masters (in tlie chair); Dr. Bonavia, Mr. Douglas, Rov. G. Henslow (Hon. Seo.). Dianthus, Colours o/.— With reference to the colom-s of Car- nations, Mr. Douglas observed that the yellows arc apt to revert to other colours, and mentioned as an instance of 200 seedUngs from a yellow, among which no yellow appeared. Cahbagi: Palm Fruit, — Mr. J. U. Maiden, successor to Mr. Ch. Moore, formerly curator for tifty yeurs of the Botanic Garden, Melbourne, sent some fruit. They are small and globular, about the size of marbles. The Palm is Livistona aubtralis, described as a tall and graceful tree, 80 feet in height. They were forwarded ti Chiswick to be grown. Tomatos, Mons(rovs.—'Dr. M^stt^rs exhibited some Tomat- r of t le modem globular form, reniarkiblo for possessing small exserted supernumerary carpels. These had growni on the placentas in the place of ovules. It was not uncommon in the old grooved Tomatos (due to the flowers having been synanthic), but it had not appeared before on the smooth fruit. It was received from Mr. Dixon of Chester. Ptnus Lambertiana.— Dr. Masteks aUo showod a shoot of this tree, known in California as the Sugar Pine, bearing numerous orange coloured male catkins. Cttrious ^J OSS-growth. — Mr. J. P. Way, of Warwick School, sent a remarka">le specimen, found near the Now Korest. It w.is of the shape of a dnublo convex lens, about (J inches across ; the stems .all radiating from the middle. It was forwarded to Dr. Braithw^iite, who reports as follows: - " The moss is Leucobryuoi glaucum, common in this Ntate, but very rare in fruit. It gi-ows under two condi- tions: (1) In boggy heaths, when it takes a more ex- panded form, being always wet; ('2) in woods, where it occurs in circular patches, beginning of the size of a sixpence, rooting, and going on increasing to tho dimensions of a half crown. The branching goes on ceutrifugally, and the tufts are so dense that the easiest way for them is to lie between the surface of the ground and the older stems above. Then, probably, after the first heavy rain, the cushion swells up like a sponge, and i^ torn away from tlie earth, to become a white lump when dry, which is then blown about by the wind, just like the Rnso of Jericho, Auastatica Heriochun- tica. The plant would not grow again as a whole, but it throws off small ones, which grow and form new colonies." (See Br. Moss Flora, p. S.5.) PEOPLE'S PALACE HORTICULTURAL. JcNE 25, 20.— The summer exhibition of this society, the second of the three shows held every year, took place in the Queen's Hall of the People's Palace, Mile End, on the above dates. One most gratifying feature which characterised this show is the remarkable growth in the quality of the exhibits which come from what is known as the "congested dis- tricts''—Stepney, Mile End, Limehouse, Canning Town, Bow. &c., where the conditions of cultivation are unfavour- able. The institution of these perioiical competitions has stirred exhibitors to emulate each other in the production of plants, and no effort is spared to win prizes. The main body of the exhibitors is composed of labourers, mechanics, &c., and a number of tliem are engaged in warehouses in the City, being away from home all day. The growth in the number of exhibitors resident in theso districts has been as remarkable as the improvement in the quality of the exhibits, and at the show just held there were as many as ten enti ies for a collection of plants, filling a table space of 9 superficial feet, and the same number with three plants, fohage or flowering. The leading flowering plants are Pelargoniums of various types, even the show Tarieties being represented, and the scented-leaved also ; Mimulus in plenty ; but while common Musk predominated, there were examples of the improved large-flowered types ; Fuchsias, among them some very good specimens — one, a huge fan-trained plant, quite a load to carry, shown l>y u labourer named II vydox, who grows it in the single room occupied by himself and wife ; Creeping Jennies, some of them admirably grown and bloomed ; Hydrangeas, Tuberous- rooted Begonias, Lilies, auratuoi and longifloruta prcd -minat- ing ; trailing Campanulas, Canterbury Bells in pots, &c., and of foliage plants. India-rubbers, very healthy and bold in leafage ; Begonias of the Rex type ; Anthericum vaiiegatum. a very favourite East-end plant ; Ferns, including some exotic types, as well as our hardy British species; annual Tobaccos, &,c. Fern-cases were a most satisfactory feature, and some pretty bunches of Sweet Peas were also present. Outside of tho congested district? are localities more favourable to plant growth than those lying in the centre, and the dwellers in these exhibit by themselves ; but as the society is now rapidly extending in the direction of the more open districts of Leyton. Walthamstow, Forest Gate, &c., where the conditions of cultivation are even more favourable, these will be grouped by themselves, so as to equalise the competitions. At the end of the month of June, forecourt and back gar- dens are visited for the purpose of awarding prizes for good- keeping. Ac, and recently the judges. Messrs. R. Rallan- TiNE and R. Dkan, visited about forty of these, and found some pretty gardens, both in the more crowded and in the open districts, but they have recommended to the committee that all gardens be planted and entered for competition by the firjst week in June, but that the prizes be not awarded till the month of August. In November greenhouses are inspected, that being the time when the Chrysanthemum isa prominent plant, and the inspection takes place just previous to the Chrysanthemum show at tho People's Palace. The exhibits, which filled the spacisus Queen's Hall, were varied enoiigh to interest all classes of visiters. The shfw extended over three days. CROYDON HORTICULTURAL. Jlt.t 1. The :ainual exhibition of the Croydon Horticul- tural Society was held on Wednesday latt, in the grounds of Welleslcy House ; and Roses, as is usual at this show, cou- stitvitcd tho more important part of the display. In quality, theso flowers were not equal to that common at Croydon, nor were they remarkable in quantity. Many entries were made by growers, who at the last moment were imablo to exhibit ; and from .'^cveral of the leading amateurs wc leanit that tho best of their blooms had jiassed. Tho exhibition was of a varied character, and some capital plants and general horticultural produce were staged, including a good display by cottagers. The weather was showery. A sale of flowers w-as organised for the benefit of the Royal Gardeners* Orphan Fund. ROSES. JViT-JcrvKi/".- The first clasps in thenurscrvinen section w for forty-oipht blwims distinct, to the 1st prize for which, wxs added the National Rose Society's Medal. There were four collections, and the Ist prize w:is awarded to Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester. Tho quality of the lilooms was modemtc, some of thorn being verv good, but most of tliom small. The best were Earl of Dufferin, Dr. Andry. A. K. Williams. Tiuchess de Jlomy, Fisher Holmes. Xavier Olibo, Honice Vemet, Ethel Brownlow. Madame Gabnelle Luizet, Marie Raumann, Madame Victor Verdicr, Alfred Colomb, Captain Hayward. Prince Arthur, and Pride of Walthara. Messrs. F. Cakt A Co., Colchester, wore 2nd. and Messrs. D. & W. Croll. Dundee, 3rd, both collections being of good proportionate qnnlity, judged by that of the 1st prize collection. The winners of the class for twenty-four treble.s were Messrs. Prior & Sons, Colchester ; and, although the blooms were lacking in size, they were even in rocard to size, and of fair colour, Sladame G. Luizet, Alfred Colomb, Pridft of Reigate, and Horace Vemet, being some of the best, thnugh the last-named was rathrr burned. Twenty four Roses, distinct, were best from Messrs. G. and W. H. BuBCH, Rose growers. Peterborough. Gustave Pigan- neau, Ulricb Brunner, Alfred Colomb. Reynolds Hole, Maman Cochet were among the best blooms. Mr. G. W. Piper. nurseryman, Uckfield. was a very good 2nd ; and Mr. Jko. R. Box, Croydon, was 3rd. Te:is Hud Noioettes were much better shown in those classes than by the amateurs. The best eighteen blooms, distinct, were from Messrs. Prior & Sons, Colchester, and in their exhibit were com- mendable examples of Catherine Mermet, Niphetos, Inno* cente Pirola. Madame de Watteville, Madame CuHin, Princess of Wales, and Souvenir de 8. A. Prince ; Messrs. Cant & Co. were 2nd ; and Messrs. D. & W. Croll were 3rd. The last named exhibitors were 1st for twelve Roses of one variety, and staged very fine blooms of Mrs. Jno. Laing. Mr. B. R. Cant, with Gustave Piganneau, was 2nd, and Messrs. F. Cant & Co. 3rd with indifferent flowers of Mrs. Jno. Laing. Twelve Tea or Noisette Roses (one variety) were best shown by Messrs. Frank Cant & Co., who showed Madame de Watteville; and Messrs. D. & W. Croll, who had Inno- cente Pirola. were 2nd ; and Messrs. G. &, W. H. Burch 3rd, with Catherine Mermet. Amateurs.— There was no competition in the principal amateur's class, and the Challenge Cup, value 25 guineas, becomes the property of the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Haver- ing, Essex, who beside exhibiting on this occasion took 1st prize in the same class last year. The thirty-six blooms exhibited on Wednesday last were good, compared with the average quality at this show, but not equal to this fortunate amateur's usual exhibits. Fran<;ois Michelon (Medal bloom). Earl of Dufferin, General Jacqueminot, Madame Eugene Verdier, Exposition de Brie, Jno. Stuart Mill, Marie Bau- mann, and Jeanne Dickson were the best and freshest blooms. n. V. Macsin, Esq., Gateford Hill, near Worksop, was the winner in the class for twenty-four blooms, distinct. His stand contained the best bloom ol Mrs, Jno, Laing shown in the amateur classes, and it gained a Silver Medal offered by Mes'^re. Jno. Laing & Sons. There were other fine blooms in the stand, but some of q\iito ordinary quality were apparent. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was 2nd; and F. W. Campi.3N, Esq., Colley Manor, Reigate, 3rd. Teas and Noisettes were poor. The Ut prize for eighteen blooms, in not fewer than twelve varieties, was taken by E. M. Betuune, Esq., Denne Park, Horsham. The best blooms were The Bride, Catherine Mermet, and Comtesse de Nadaillac. H. V. Machin, Esq. was 2nd; and F. W. Campion, Esq., Colley Manor, Reigate, 3rd. Six Roses, distinct, in trebles, were best from the Kev, J. H. Pemberton, who had a very commendable stand in this class, Her Majesty, Mrs. Jno. L'ting, Gustave Piganneau, Marie Baumann, A. K. Williams, and Caroline Testout were the varieties shown. H. V. Machin, Esq , was 2nd. For twelve Rose blooms of one variety, a stand of Her Majesty, in good average condition, won the highest prize for H. V. Machin, Esq. ; E. M. Bf.thune, Esq . was 2nd with Francisca Kruger ; and T. B. Haywood, Esq., 3rd, with Alfred Colomb. Growers of fewer than 2000 plants in a competition for twelve Roses distinct, were only two. The 1st prize was capitally won by Mr. E. Mawley, Rosebank, Berkhamsted, and E. M. Bethune, Esq., was 2nd. The last named was the only exhibitor in this section, of a collection of twelve Tea or Noisette Roses, Mr. E. Mawley won for four Roses in trebles ; and E. M. Hfthcne, Esq., was 2nd. Growers of fewer than 1000 Rose trees competed in a class for nine distinct blooms, and W. D. FRKsnFiEii>. Esq.. The Wilderness. Reigate, showed a nice lot in his 1st prize exhibit. Keppel H. GirFOBD, Esq., Holyrood, Streatham. being 2nd. W. D. Freshfield, Esq., won among growers of fewer than 500 plants, for six Roses, distinct ; and for six Tea or Noisette Roses. Tho Challenge Cup offered to growers within 2 miles of Croydon Town Hall was won by A. C. Giffobp, Esq.. Tenni- Bon Road. South Norwood, with a collection of twelve Roses, distinct ; M. Hodoson. Esq., Shirley, was 2nd, and won the National Rose Society's Silver-gilt Medal ; he also won the remaining clashes in this section, viz., for six H.-P. Roses, distinct ; six Tea or Noisette Roses, distinct ; and for six RoBes of one variet y. PLANTS AND FRUIT, ETC. Nine ornamental foliage stove and greenhouse plants were rnpitally shown by Jno. Warren, Esq., Handcross Park. Crawley ; his specimens of Croton Warreni and C. Evansiao, nus wore splendid examples. P. Cbowlev, Esq.. Haddon- House. Croydon (gr.. Mr. J. Harris), was 2nd. J. Astk Esq.. Roos Road, South Norwood (gr. , Mr. F. Scot'), won in a class for six such plants. Six Exotic Ferns (distinct) were best shown by Jn<>. WARRf;N, Esq. He had excellent specimens of Davallia divaricata, D. Mooreana.'Nephrolepis exaltata. N. davalloidea f\ircanB, and Microlepia hirta cristnta. P. Crowley. Esq. was 2nd. Jno, Warren, Esq. won for four large Pa'ms, and in several other classes. For a group of miscellaneous plants ari-anged on a sp?ice of not more than 100 square feet, the best competitor was E. H. COLFs, Esq.. Caterham, with a pretty group of low- statured plants, arranged with considerable t-aste. The 1st prize for a smaller group was taken by T. Jef- feries. Esq., London Road, Croydon. Six plants of ornamental Dracsenas were very fine from PHiLrp Crowley, Esq.; and Jno. Warren, Esq., was a capital 2nd. The exhibits of plants suitable for the decoration of dinner tables were deserving commendation. Those shown by Mr. C. Lane. gr. to E. H. Coles. Esq., Caterham, who was Ist, were of suitsble size, of differing habit, and had been well cultivated. Mr. W. Garlick, Caterham. was 2nd. There were many otber classes for plants, includuig Pelar- goniums. Caladiums. Begonias, Gloxinias, Coleus, Fuchsias, Selaginellas, £c. Table decorations are usually pretty at Croydon. The 1st prize on this occasion was won by Miss Cooper, Sydenham Road, Croydon; Mr. A. C. RoBrNsoN, Roma, Wallington, was 2nd. The bouquets, sprays, and other florists' arrangements deserve mention. Fruit was not largely exhibited. The 1st prize for six dishes was taken by Jno. Warren. Esq. E. M. Bethune, Esq.. was 1st for three bunches of white Grapes ; and J. Friend. Esq., for an equal number of bunches of a black variety, sh- wing good Black Hamburghs. Frank Lloyd. Esq, Cooml>e House, showod fifty large and finely-coloured fruits of the very old Strawberry Princess Ahce. V'egetabUs were of moderate quantity. Mr. J. Johnson was let, with a commendable collection of nine varieties; and Mr. C. Perrett, gr. to Mr-". Fuller. Duppas Hill, was Ist for six varieties. Mucellan^ous.—'Messrs. Jno. Peed & Sons, Roupell Park Kursei-y, Norwood, Road, S.E., exhibited a group of hurdy flowersof a miscellaneous character, including many varieties of Sweet Peas. Another group of such flowers was staged by Measrs. J. Cheal &, Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Oawlcy, garden Roses and Violas being shown in this collection. Two large exhibits of Begonias were made by Mr. J. R. Box 22 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [July 4, 1896. Croydon ; and Messrs. Jno. Laino & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E. ; in the latter exhibit were interspersed other ornamental plants, and several new varieties of Gloxinias were included. Ml. Box's exhibit contained a fine lot of single and double- flowered Begonias, and miscellaneous plants of an omameu :al character. A lart;e number of Roses were shown from the Park Hill Recreation Ground. EALING HORTICULTURAL. July 1. — This was the thirty-second annual exhibition, and was one of the best shows held recently. There were five tents, and they were all well filled, one with bunches of wild flowers and grasses, and plates of garden flowers, the latter arranged by school children on the ground ; a second con- tained the cottagers' produce from the allotment gai-dens, and plants grown in their windows and forecourt gardens, some of the latter being very good. A third was filled with table decorationb, bouquets, 'ts in Pots.— Avf.r\oe Wholesale Precls. Adiantura, per doz. Aspidistra, per doz, — specimen, each Calceolaria, p. doz. Cock'scombs, doz. Coleus, per^doz. ... Dracjena, each — various, p. doz. Ericas, various, per doz. Evergreen Shrubs, in variety, doz.... Ferns, small, doz. ... Ferns, various, doz. Ficus elastica, each Foliage plants, doz. ,.d. s. rf. 4 0- 12 0 12 0- .HO 0 .5 0- 1,'i 0 6 0- 9 0 4 0- 6 0 •2 0- 4 0 1 0- 7 6 12 0- 24 0 9 0- IS 0 6 0-24 0 1 0- 2 0 ,5 0- 12 0 1 0- 7 fi 12 0-36 0 Heliotrope, per doz. Hydrangea, various per doz. . . Ivy Geraniums per dozen Lilium Harrisii, pr. dozen pots Lobelias, per doz.... Marguerites, p. doz. Mignonette, p. doz. Palms, various, ea. — specimens, ea. Pelirgoniums, doz. — Scarlet8,p. doz. Spiraeas, per doz. ... ». rf. f . d, 4 0- li 0 4 0-60 12 0-21 0 3 0-60 6 0-10 0 4 0-80 2 0-10 0 10 6-84 0 5 0-12 0 3 <>- 9 0 S 0-12 0 Bedding Plants in variety. C0T Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices. Arums, p. 12bloom8 Bouvardias, perbn. Carnations, 12 bun. — 12 blooms ... Eucharis, per dozen Forget-me-nots, p. doz. bimches ... Gardenias, per doz. Lilac, French, per bunch Lilium Harrisii, per bunch .. — C-indidum. nir l.iun^*i - — 12 bl om i Maidenhair Fern, per 12 bunches... Marguerites, per 12 bunches Mignonette, p. doz. bunches Pansies, doz. bun. s. d. s. d. 2 0- 0 6- 4 0- 0 G- 2 0- 1 6- 2 0- 3 0- 2 0- 1 0- 0 4- 4 0- 2 0- 3 0- 1 0- 4 0 0 9 6 0 2 0 4 0 3 0 1 4 0 5 0 4 0 2 0 , 0 6 ; 8 0 ' 4 0 4 0 2 0 Orchids ;— Cattleya, 12blms. O d on to g lossum crispum, 12 bm. Pelargoniums, scar- let, per 12 bun. — per 12 sprays .. Poppy, doz. bun. Pyrethrums, 12 bu. Roses, Tea, per doz. ^-— coloured, per dozen — yellow (Mare- chal), per djz. — red, per dozen — red, doz, bun. — Gloire, doz. bn. — Safraao, p. doz. — Moss, doz. bms Spirtea, doz. bun. Stephanotis, 12sps, Tuberoses, 12 blms. . d. s. d% 5 0-12 0 0-6 0 0- 6 0 6-10 U- 4 0 0- 1 6 0 9-16 Orchid-bloom in variety. Vegetables.— Average Wholesale Prices. Bcaus, English, per lb — Chuinel Is- lands, per lb. — Broad, per half- sieve Cucumbers, per dz. Marrows. Vegetable, per doz. .. s. d. s. (1 1 0 2 0-30 I Mushrooms, per lb. — (Outdoor), per I half-sieve Peas, per sieve ... Tomatos, home- I grown, smooth, ' p. doz. lb. — ordinary kinds, per do2. 3 6- 3 0- 1 0 ■ 8 0 6 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 2 0 0 6 4 6 4 0 3 0-40 Froit,— , I'herries, Dukes, p. haf-sieve ,,. — Whitea, do., in variety — Blacks, do., do. Currants, Black, i'Sieve — Red, i-sieve ... Figs, per doz. Gooseberries, per half-sieve ... — dessert, in variety, per half-sieve ... Grapes, Alicante, lb. — Hamburgh, lb. - Muscats, Eng- lish, per lb. ... — Muscat, Chan- nel Islands, lb. •AvBRAGE Wholesale Prices. s. rf- s. d. s. d. s. d. Melons, each ... 16-20 5 0-56 Nectarines, 1st size per doz. ... 12 0 4 0-70 — 2nd do., p, doz. 30-60 4 6-60 Peaches, 1st size, per doz. .. 10 0 12 0 6 0 — 2nd do., doz. 3 0-40 3 0 — 3rd do., doz. 16 2 0 16-20 Pine-am 'les. St. Mi- chael, ea 0 3 0-50 10-16 2 6-30 19-20 SEEDS. London : Juli/ 1. — Messrs, John Shaw & Sons, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Pond. Borough, London, S.E,, write that to-day's seed market, as usual on Midsummer Wednesdays, presented an inanimate appearance ; indeed, stagnation all round is just now the prevailing note. Some small sowing orders still drop in for Tares, Mustard, Arc. There is no change in Raposeed. America, it is worth noting, continues to take Trifolium from England. Some choice Spanish Lentils are now offering on tempting terms. Peas and Haiicots are naturally at present neglected. As regards Canary seed, a further fall really^looks now impos- sible. Hemp seed is dull. Other articles at this inactive peri<_'d call for no comment. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Borough: June oO. — Quotations i — Pciis, Eui^lisb, 5s. per 3xck, and 2*. to 3s. per bushel ; French Beans, 2s. 6d. to Zs. per flat ; Cauliflowers, li. 6rf. to 3s. per dozen ; Cabbages, Is. 6rf. to 3«. per t;illy; Spinach, Is. 6d per bushel; Mar- rows, 3s. to '6s. 6J. per dozen ; Lettuces, 6d. to Is. per score ; Onions, English, 6s. per tally ; do., Egyptian, '6s. to 3<. 6d. per cwt. ; do., Portiigue.se, 4s. to 5s. per case ; Radishes, 2j. 9rf. to3s. per tally ; Cucumbers, English, 2s. to 3s. ; do., Dutch, Is. 6'i. per dozen ; Endive, Is. Od. per dozen ; Carrots, new, and Turnips, 2s. 3d. to 3s.; Parsley, li., and Mint, Is. per dozen bunches ; Horseradish, Is. Gd. per bundle ; Tomatos, Enghsh. -id. to 6rf. ; do., Jersey, ii. jier lb.; Peaches, Is. ; Apricots, lOd. to Is. per box; Mushrooms, Sd. to Is. per lb. ; Strawberries, 3s. to os. QU. per peck ; Cherries, English, 5s. to Ts. per half-sieve ; do., foreign. Is. '3d. to 2s. per basket ; Gooseberries, Is. 6d. to '2a. do. ; Red Currants, 43. 6rf. to 5s. 6rf. ; Black do., os. 9d. to_6s. 6rf. per halt-sieve ; Rhubarb, Is. 6(/. per dozen bundles ; Pine-apples. 2s. to 3s. each ; Grapes, Jersey, Is. per Ib. Spitalfields : Juiic 30. — Quotations : — Carrots, 2s. to 2». 6d. ; Turnips, 2s. 6(^ to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Cabbages, li. to 3s. per tally ; Peas, 2s. to 2^, 6d. per bushel ; do., 4?. 6d. to 5s. per bag ; Broad Beans, 2s. to 2s. 6d. per bag ; Lettuce, best. Is. to 1». 3d. per score, and id. to 6d. for seconds; Onions, spring, Is. 6d. to 2s. per dozen bunches; Mint, Is. 6t/, to 2i. ; Parsley, ls.6d. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; Beetroot, la. 6d. to 2s. per bushel; Cucumbers, 2s. to 3*. per dozen; Rhubarb, Is. 6d. to 2s. per dozen. Stratfobd: /uiie 30.— Quotations : —Cabbages, Is. 6d to 2s. Cd. per tally; Beetroot, Ad. to Qd. per dozen; Parsley, Is. 6(i. to 2s. per dozen, ; Rhubarb, field, Is. to Is. 6d. per dozen ; Spring Onions, 2«. 6d. to 38. do. ; frame Cucumbers, Is. 6d. to 2s. 9d. do. ; Strawberries, Is. 3d. to 2s. Od. per peck ; Gooseberries, 2s. to 2s. <5i. per half-sieve ; Raspberries, 3s. to 4«. per dozen punnets ; Cm-ranta, Red, 3s. to 3j. 6d. per half -sieve; do., black, bs. 6d. to 6s. per half-sieve ; Cherries, 4s. to os. 6d. per half-sieve; Tomatos, Guernsey, '6d. per lb. ; ditto. English, '3d. to 4d. per lb. ; Green Peas, Is. 6d. to 2s. per sieve ; do. , 4s. to 5s. per bag ; Broad Bean*, 2s. 6rf. to 2«. 9d. per bag ; Carrots, bunched, Is. to 2s. per dozen ; Mangolds, 17s. to 19s. per ton ; Onions, Egyptian, 3s. 6d. to 4!!. per cwt. ; Apples, Tasmanian, Ss. 6d. to IDs. 6d. per case. Farringdon : Jul;/ 2. — Quotations :— Cabbaj^e, os. per tally ; Peas, 3s. per bushel ; Broad Beans, 2s. do, ; Marrows, is. per dozen ; Carrots, 4s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, do. ; spring Onions, 2s. 6d. per dozen bunches ; Radishes, Is. 6'X do. ; Lettuce, Is. per score ; Mint, 2s. per dozen bunches ; Parsley, do. ; Strawberries, 2t. 6d. per peck ; Red Currants, 6s. per half-bushel ; Black do., 7s. do. ; Cherries, Wliite-hearts, 6s. Gd. do. ; do.. Black, 4s. to 5s. 6./. do. ; Rasp- berries, OS. per dozen punnets ; Gooseberries, green. 2». 6d. per half -bushel ; ripe do., 3s. 3d. do. ; Toniat'^s, English, 4s, 6^. per dozen lb. ; Pine-apples, '2s. each (5 to 6 lb). New Potatos. Supplies of home-grown come to hand more freely. Prices a shade easier than last week. Market brisk. /. B. Thomas. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British Com, imperial measure (qr.) for the week ending June 27. and for the cort-csiionding period last year: — lS9d : Wheat, 21s. lOd. ; Barley, 19s. 5d. ; Oats, 14s. lOi. 1S95 : Wheat, 265. Id. ; Barley, 20s. $d. ; and Oats, 16-. 7i. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JuLT 4, 1896. FOTATOS. Borough : June 30.— Quotations : Old, 155. to 40s. per ton ; New, 5s. to 7». 6d. per cwt. . Spitalfields : June 30.— Quotations :— Oil ; High-lands, 32 ». to 405. ; Black-lands, 20^. to 305. per ton ; Hebrons, £6 to £.<6 10«. ; Sutton's Regents, £6 to £7 ; Jersey Kidneys, £6 to £6 163.; do., Flukes, £G lOa. to £7 ; do., Rounds, £6 105. to £6 per ton. Stratford: Jane 30. — Quotations : — English, Cs. Orf. ; Jersey Kidneys, &s t) 7s.; do. Flukes, i&s. 6d. to 7s. 6rf. ; Cherbourg, &s. to 6«-. 6rf. ; St. Malo Flukes, 65. &d. to 7*. per cwt Old : iight-soil Bruces, 155. to 255. ; Magnums, 155. to 2.55. per ton. Farringdon : July 2. — Quotations : — New: Bedford's Monarch, £6 to £'7; Dunbar do., Lincolns, £6 to £6 \0s.\ blackland, £6 ; Jersey Myatts, £6 to £6 6s. ; do.. Flukes, £6 6f. to i.7 per ton. London Market Averages: Jv.iy 1. — Early Regents, 65. to 75. ; Snowdrops, 6«. to 7«. ; Hebrons, 65. to Is. ; Jersey, 6«. to Ss. ; St. Malo, 45. ^d. to bi. 6c?. ; Cherbourg, 5s. to 6s. per cwt. Old : Dunbar Main Crop and Bruces, 30«, to 4O5. per ton, HAY. Avcra^jes. — The following are the averages of the prices at tbe metropolitan markets during the p.^st week :— Clover, prime. ('30$. to 90s. : inferior, 3Ss. to 60s. ; Hay, beat, 60s. to S7s. ; inferior, SOs. to 55fl. ; mixture, 60s. to S4s. ; and straw, 205. to 40s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Books — Entomology : Margaret. The last edition (second) of the Manieal of Injurious Insects, and Methods of Prevention, by Eleanor A. Ormerod (Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., London), price 5s. Books : Jnspci: Tkc Garden Calendar, by T. W. Sanders, published by Hamilton, Adams & Co., Paternoster Row, price 2s. 6d. If you require a still cheaper work, The Cotta/jers' Calendar, pub- lished at this office, price 3rf., should be obtained. It is an admirable manual of its kind. Dressed Hardi.vg ; Mushroom. — Apply to the Hor- ticultural sundriesmen in a large way of business, or tarpaulin-makers. GL.vDroLUS The Bkide : R. M. Some injury has probably befallen the parent-bulb, destroying the flower, and resulting in the formation of numerous small bulbs. These will probably flower next year. Kew : A Lover of Kew. On appUcation to any of the gate porters, yon will be furnished with hand lists (about a dozen) of the plants grown in the various departments of the gai'den, and of the contents of the various museums, and the North Gallery. A description of Kew as it then was, is to be found in our issue for August 5, 1876. Mushroom CoLTDRii : S.H.J. Like the correspondent you mention, we should advise you to go to work ■ tentatively, and half an acre of land would suffice for a beginning. It is not alone sufficient for you to produce Mushrooms, you must find customers for the same. Obtain a name, if you can, as a grower : in fact, get well known in the markets, and endeavour to come into direct relations with retail buyers through the post, and by taking advantage of the recent introduction of the small parcels tarifif on some of the railways. A Mush- room cultivator is no more removed from the risks attendant on all business pursuits than other men ; but as at the present time the cultivation of the esculent lags behind demand, there must be money in it for some years to come, even should the prices obtainable in summer and winter fall to one-half of those that are usual. Obtain the issue of the Gar- deners'' Chronicle for January 11 of this year, and you will see some of your queries answered by a noted grower. Do not trust too implicitly the estimates of the income to be derived from Mushroom culture framed by those who have not been growers for market. Names op P'.ants : Correspondents not answered m this issue are requested to be so good as to consult the folloivinr/ number, — Horlits. Dendrobium chry- santhum. — .V. G. i, Pteris hastata ; 5, Pteris arnyras.a. — D. B., llapparl. A very fine variety of Iris Kajmpferi. — IVecds. The nail-galls on the leaf of Lime-tree are caused by a mite — Phytopus tiliae. The blue flower is Lathyrus cyaneus. — O. T. Polygonum sachalinense (Polygonaceae), North-east Siberia, &c. — W. 0. Habenaria bifolia. W. J. P. 1, Galega officinalis ; 2, Lychnis chalee- donica ; 3, Abies concolor ; 4, Rhododendron fer- rugineum ; 5, Sedum rupestre. — Enquirer. 1, Campanula persicifolia ; 2, Campanula, specimen insufficient ; 3, Carduus, which we cannot name without the leaf ; 4, Antennaria tomentosa ; 5, (jladiolus illyrieus ; 6, Valeriana officinalis. — E. U. Cistus ladaniferus. — A. B. Saxifraga longifolia. — F, F. >S. We are sorry to be unable to name your Pomegranate. The French cultivate many varieties that are not known here. — A. B. 1, No flowers — apparently Tanacetum vulgare ; 2, Taxodium dis- tichum ; 3, Reseda luteola ; 4, Spirsea arisefolia ; 5, Deutzia crenata, double-flowered ; 6, Spiraea chamsedrifolia ; 7, Farfugium grande. — G. W. 1, Anthericum lineare variegatum ; 2, Colutea arbo- rescens ; 3, Sedum tirtuosum var. ; 4, 5, Roses — tend to some nurseryman. — G. F. B. 1, Galega officinalis alba; 2, Tradescantia virginica ; 3, Vero- nica spicata ; 4, Sidalcea maivccflora ; 5 Levisticum officinale, Lovage ; 6, Daphne Mezereum. — G. H. Laelia crispa, generally but erroneously called in gardens Cattleya crispa. — A. B. Crassula coccinea, unusually rich scarlet-crimson. — D. M. W. Proba- bly Sambucus ebulus, but you enclosed a devouring caterpillar, who left but little of the leaf, but many ti-aces of his voracity. — W. P. 1, Hyoscyanius niger, Henbane; 2, Impatiens, perhaps I. Sultani. Why send such scraps ? you do not realise what they are like when we receive them. — Thorp. 1, CoUomia coccinea ; 2, not recognised ; 3, Vera- trum viride ; 4, Ranunculus aconitifolius. — G. T. B. Lathyrus cyaneus. I'kab : F. G. G. The common slug-worm, very destructive. Selandria atra. Pear Flowering hn the Wood of the Year : C. B. This is not a very unusual occurrence, particularly in some varieties, as Napoleon. A similar thing happens in the Laburnum and other trees which normally produce their flowers on spurs. South Africa : Amor Patriw. If you enquire at the Emigration Office, Broadway. Westminster, they will furnish you with the kind of information that you want. SrECiME.v.s and Books : W. B. P. If you live in the vicinity of a bot.inic garden you can obtain speci- mens. Te.xt-books are legion, very few of them deal with the properties of plants. Henfrcifs hle- nunlari/ Course (Van Voorst) is the fullest in this department. Have you asked at the Cambridge or Oxford Local .' Tarred Staging: .1. E. if. We do not know what you can do to remove the tar cheaply. Why not consult a builder about the matter ? TOMATOS : A. E. II. You will find farmyard drain- iugs in a diluted form a good manure, and failing those, Peruvian guano, sprinkled on the soil in gmall quantities, or mixed with the water used for watering, quite safe in use. Sheep, pigeons, and fowls-droppings are good for the plants. These should be partially dried, so that they will readily pass through a J -inch or finer-meshed sieve. If artificials must be used, use nitrate of soda, super- phospate of lime, and potash. ToMATos WITH Diseased Fruits ; T. Martin. They are affected with Cladosporium lycopersici (the black spot). There is no remedy when a fruit is attacked by this species of fungus, but we would recommend a mild form of the Bordeaux Mixture to be used on the plants whilst there are no ripening fruits on them, and the gathering and destruction by burning of every aB'ected fruit forthwith. Communications Received.— Laker (next week).— P. G. N.— W. H. D.— J. I.— W W. R— J. D. — R. D.— Emigration Office.— T. F.— F. W. B.— J. J. W.-W. U. D. (next week). —J. Veitcli & Son^. - W. W., Taymoutb Castle.— C. W. D. —Jain M.— A. F. B — J. A.— H. W. W. -C. H. P — H. G. C. — W. E. Q.— Macmillan & Co.— T. A. D.-I. K._W. C— L .M.— H. W. W.— J. A— Reove & Co. Photoorapus, Specimens, Ac, received with Thanks. — air C. W. S.— CONTINUED INCREASE itl the CIRCULATION OF THE " GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." Important to Advertisers. — The Publisher Arts the sntig. lactiml of annouiieinrj that the circiilation of the'' Gardeners Chronicle" hns, since the reduction in the price of the paper. Increased to the extent of more than 90 per cent., and that it coutinnes to increase weekly. Advertisers are reminficd that the " Ckeonielc" circulates aino mj COUNTRY GENTLEMEN, AND ALL CLASSES OF GARDENERS AND GARDEN-LOVERS ctt home, that it has a specially large FOREIGN AND COLONIAL CIRCnLATION, (ITtcE that it is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. GREEN'S "SILENS PATENT MESSOR" LAWN MOWERS "^ GARDEN ROLLERS They are the only Mowers which have secured the Roval Warrant, and are the FIRST, FOREMOST, AND BEST IN THE WORLD. Illustrated Price Lists Free. THOS. GREEN LIMITED, LEEDS & LONDON. They ran behadof all respectable IroDmnnprtrdanrts-edsmen in the United Kingdom. Beware of Deceptive hu'tations. GREENHOUSES, CUCUMBER -FRAMES, SASHES, OABBEN-LIOHTS, And all kinds of HORTICULTURAL WOOD-WORK and SUNDRIES. Also WREATH, CROSS, and FLOWER-BOXES of every description. Special Line in QARDEN-HOSE. Portable and other POULTRY-HOUSES. }Vrite/or Pricet to — EDWARD TAILBY, Alexandra Sawikq, Planing, and Moulding Mills, SUMMER ROV, BIRUINAHAM. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, near DUDLEY. H. & S.'s BLACK VARNISH, For Iron, Wood or Stone Outdoor Work. Forty years' regulation. BEGISTERED 'fRADE MaRK Ready mixei. Dries in ten minutes with peifect gloss. Is used at Windsor Castle, Kew Qardeos, and London and Dublin Parks, and most Land- owners. In 18 and 36- gallon Casks only. Is. Hd, per gallon at works, Is. 8d. at nearest Railway Station. CYCLING and all ACCIDENTS INSURED AGAINST BY THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSDRANCE CO., No Extra Charge for Ladies. No Medical Examination, Established 1849. Claims paid, £3,660,000. 64. OORNHILL, LONDON. A. VIAN, Secretary. ESTABLISHBI) 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, SOUTHAMPTOH BUILDIHGS, OHABOEBr LAHB, W.O. TWO-AND-A-HALF per Cent. INTEREST allowed «n DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on OURRE.^IT ACCOUNTS, on the mini- mam monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. BAVmaS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small snms on deposit, and allows interest at the rate of TWO- AND- A-UALF PER CENT, per annum on each completed £1. BIRKBBCK BUILDINQ SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO OUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND 80CIETT. HOW TO PUKOHASB A PLOT OF GROUND FOB HVB SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full partionlara, poat- (,««. FBANOIB RATBN80B0FT, Uanagm. July 4, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 25 Crompfon and FawlCc^, HOBTICULTUBAL BUILDERS, HEATING ENGINEERS, BOILEB SIAKEBS. Designers and Manufacturers of CONSERVATORIES, RANGES, VINERIES, FORCING-HOUSES, & every description of HOT-HOUSE. Best Quality, Lowest Prices, Surveys made in any part of the Country. Estimates Free. New Large Hlustrated Catalogue Post Free on Application. CROMPTON*=FAWKES, CHELMSFORD. CLEANSE & FERTILIZE YOUR FRUIT TREES & PLANTS with the OEIiEBEATED XL ALL HORTICULTURAL SPECIALITIES. XL ALL VAPORISING FUMIGATOR.— The Cheapest, Most Simple, and Best Fumigator in existence. A liquid compound, simply evaporated from a Email copper cap by the agency of a spirit lamp. ^■';-:-ZF^:y- Compound For using in tte Fumigatora. ri ttle. >0. 1 No. 2 No. .3 No. 4 Enough for cubic feet. 40,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 f. d. 24 0 13 0 6 6 3 3 Fumigators (Will last for Years). To do 5,000 oubio feet of spaoe at a time, 2$, each. To do 2,000 onbio feet, Is. Od. eaoh. Shoioing a cost for fumigating of only 8d. per 1000 cubic feet of space. XL ALL LiaXJIB INSECTICIDE (Wash).— The most certain in effect and safest Wash in the market. 1 pint, 2s. ; 1 quart, Ss. ^d, : J gallon, 5j. ; 1 gallon, 10s. XL ALL TOBACCO POWDER.— The strongest and finest grade of Powder yet produced. In 6d., 1*., 'Js. 6d., and 55. tins. XL AIL MILDEW WASH.— A clear liquid. Kills Mildew and Insects at the same time. Does not Mark or Stain Fruit, Fiowers, or Foliage. Price, 1 gallon, 12«. Si. ; i gallon, 6s. 6d. ; 1 quart, 4s. ; 1 pint, 2s. M. XL ALL LianiD MANURE.— 1 pint, Is. ; I quart, Is. 6rf. ; 1 gallon, 3.>.-. dd. ; 4 gallons, VJs. Chtjaper in bulk. To be used one part to tifty of water, making the cheapest Plant Food in the market. XL ALL PERFECTLY SOLTTBLE MANURE.— For Top-dressing and Dissolving in Water. Ill 1/., 2j. Qd , 5s., and 10s. tins. XL ALL GRADUATING MANURE.— For Mixing with the Soil when Re-potting, or Making up New. or Renovating Old Borders. In Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5i. tins. In bags, J cwt., lOs. 6d. ; 1 cwt., 21x. In bulk at Sjecial Ratep. ., - • ■ The ahovc Svecialities may he had from all Nurseryvien, Seedsmen, Florists, and Simdriesmeii. G. H. RICHARDS, Sole Manufacturer, OLD SHOT TOWER WHARF, LAMBETH, LONDON, S.E. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With ninstrations. 8vo, cloth, price 9s. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price \s., sewed. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 18a. London : BRADBXmY, AQNEW, & CO. (Limited), Bouverie Street, E.O. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE PUBLISHER'S NOTICES. Gaudkitshs' Chkonioli Txlbobams, — The Registered Address for Foreign and InUvnd Telegrams is " Gardchron, Lmdon." ADVERTISEMENTS. SCALE OF CHARGES fob ADVERTISINQ HEAD riNE CHABGBin AS TWO. 4 Linei . £0 3 0 IS Linei ..£0 8 B 6 . 0 3 6 16 fi ..0 9 0 6 . 0 4 0 17 fi ..0 9 6 7 . 0 4 6 18 .. 0 10 0 8 . 0 6 0 19 If .. 0 10 6 U . 0 5 6 20 .. 0 11 0 10 . 0 6 0 21 .. 0 11 6 11 . 0 6 6 22 .. 0 12 0 12 . 0 7 0 23 .. 0 12 6 IS . 0 7 6 24 .. 0 13 0 14 . 0 8 0 26 11 .. 0 IS 6 A»D SIZPEHOE FOB EVKBT 1J>DITI01CAL LIKE. If set across two Colomna, the lowest oharge will be QOs. U set across ttiree Oolomns the lowest oharge will be 30r. Page, £8 : Half Page, £4 lOi.: Oolmnn, £3. OaRDENKKBAIO) OTHERS WANTIWa SlTTJATIONS. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line {about nine toords) or part of a line. These Advertise- ments must he prepaid. This scale does not apply to annowncements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. Position. — Advertisers are specially requested to note, that under no circumstances what- ever can any particular position be guaranteed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Births, Deaths, cmd Marriages, 6t. each insertion. NoTicB TO Advebtiskbs. — In many instances Semittances in Payment of Repeat Adver- tisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all case^ causes a very great deal of trouble, and frequently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Advertisements which they wish repeated. Postal Orders.— ro Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in remit- ting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at GREAT QUEEN STREET, London, W.G., to II. G. Cove, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it, N.B. — The best and safest means of Re- mitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by first post, Thursday morning. &U Advertlsementi Bhooia be addreased to the PUBLISHES. Poblishlng Office and Office for AdTertlsement*. 41, Wbllington Strbbt, Stband, W.C. SUBSCRIPTIONS. All Subscriptions payable in advance. The United Kingdom, 12 months, \5s.; 6 months. Is. 6d. ; 3 months, 3s. 9d. All Foreign Subscriptions, including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 months. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post-office, Oreat Queen Street, London, W.C, to B.. G. Covi:. Subscribers who experience any difficulty in ob- taining their copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher {in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should he forwarded with complaint). 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JuiT 4, 1896. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S EXAMINATIONS IN GARDENING. " Coaching " by Correspondence arranged for in- tending Candidates unaccustomed to write papers. Fees moderate, to suit Practical Gardeners. COLVtLE BROWNE, F.B.H.S., Heztable, Kent. c HEAP CLOTH For Trouserinfra, Stiitings, Ladies' Jaokets, Mekon and Tweed Dresa Clotbs. Patterns sent post bf, C. HEWITT, He, Winlield Koiiil, LtfcUS. TUe Best Present for a Gardener. INES AND VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaastive Treatise on Grapea and their Onlture ever published . Third Edition just oat. Price &<.; post free, 6«. 6d. A. F. BARRON. 13, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick. V THE SYDNEY MAIL, HEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS :— INTERCOLONIAL and OENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES and NOTES on the TUBF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THBFLORAof AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engrtrtd •apecl- ally for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Artiolea.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HOBTICULTtJBB. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ASTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTBALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME OIBOLB. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIOKNOE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of i nf ormation on a great variety of subjects. SnbBorlptlon in Advance, £1 6s. per Annum. Single Copies, 6d.; Stamped, ^d. Publishing OfUce — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :— LOHDOH Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon k. Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand. Bbistol James and Henry Grace, Royal Inauranoe Buildings. Manchester. .. James and Henry Grace, 73, Market Street. Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. GLAsaow W. Porteous & Co., 16, Royal Exchange Place. 1^' Copies of each Journal are filed at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers. TECHNICAL HORTICULTURE. COUNTY COUNCIL LECTURES. THE GOHAGER'S CALENDAR OF OABDEN OPEBATIONS. Will be useful to Lecturers and Students in the above snbjeot. Price 3d!.; post-free, S\d, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C. ricultural Bcoitomifii An ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE, o£ ^2 pages and C07er. Exponent of scientific and high farming ; advocate of co-operation in agriculture, in the supply of farm requisites, and the sale of produce ; organ of the Agricultural and Horti- cultural Association, the pioneer society for mutual supply of pure oilcakes, complete manures, reliable seeds, and imple- ments on wholesale terms. Specimen copy free. Subscription, per annum, 6s., inclusive of postage. Single copies Qd, each, through all Newsagents. 3, AgarStreet, Strand, London, W.O, aABDENINO APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Geo. Sutherland, lato Gardener to Mrs. Lloyd Ratneb, has been appointed Gardener to Alexander Jopp, Esq., Woodhill House, Aberdeen. Mr. Wm. CHRrsTisoN, for ten years Gardener at Homewood, Chislehurst, Kent, bas been appointed Gardener to Mrs. Fbesufield, Kidbrooke Park, Forest Row, East Grin- stead, Sussex. Mr. T. Atkin, until recently Head Gardener at Hintlesham Hall, Ipswich, as Head Gardener to G. E. Jarvis, Esq., Doddington Hall, Lincoln. Mr. R. V. Smith, for the past three years Gardener at Nork Park, Epsom, as Gardener to J. Rolls Hoare, Esq., West Grinstead Park, Sussex, entering on his new duties on July 4. Mr. DvNCAN McIntyre, late Foreman at Ardgowan Gardens, N.B., as Head Gardener toXiord Moumtstephen, Brocket Hall, Herts. Mr. B. T. KiNOSLEY, foi-merly at Hutton Park, and Buckland, Breconshire. aa Gardener to Mrs. GouoH Nicholls, Holmwood Park, Dorking, Surrey, Mr. T. KiKOSLAND, until recently Head Gardener st Ridge wood House, Uckfield. Suasei, aa Head Gardener to General Buchanan, West Dean, near Chichester, Sussex. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. DUTRT-C OLSON, Ghent— Garden, Vineyard and Farm Tools and Appliances, Seats, Fences, Vases, Jardiniferei, Valves, Taps, ic. J P. Williams & Br-j:.., Heneratgoda, Ceylon— Ceylon Orchids. PARTNER WANTED, for a small Market Nursery, with view to taking over the whole Business. Nursery half a mile from Market Hall, — Apply, R., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a thoroughly practical GAR- DBNER with a few hundreds capital to join a Lady in a Nursery, principally Glass; on her own freehold. Estab- lished several years. Strictest investigations on both sides. — Mrs. WILLIAMS, The Nurseries. Cholsey, Berks. WANTED, a steady, industrious young Man, to work up a small Market Nursery in the country — principally outdoor. Must be good at Roses, Strawberries, &c. — Apply, stating age, experience, wages, &c., to O. P., 41, WeUington Street. Strand, W.O. WANTED, in a Gentleman's family , athorough WORKING SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER. One having knowledge of animals preferred. ALSO BOY to assist. — Apply, giving full particalars, experience, age, wages, if married, to C. F., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. WANTED, GARDENER and WIFE, small place in North Wales. Furnished rooms and rations found; man must be good Forester (no glass). Wife required to act as Cook. Ages, about 40, and without children. State references and wages by letter to — OWEN OWEN. Flas Mariander, Penmaenmawr. WANTED, a MAN and his WIFE, without family, as GARDENER and LAUNDRE9S. Both must thoroughly understand their work. A comfortable dwelling, good wages, with coals and gas. — Address. R. S., care of Mr. Dixon, 184. Norwood Road, West Norwood. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, experienced and energetic PROPAGATOR and GROWER, also TOMATO GROWER (Market).— S. F., Reeves, II, Heathfield Terrace, Lion Road, Twickenham, or Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced FORE- MAN of the outdoor portion of Hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens, and Deciduous Trees and Plants, including ConiferEe. — Apply, in own handwriting, giving full particulars as to age, experience, wages, &c., to DICKSOMS, Nurseries. Chester. ANTED, an active MAN, as FOREMAN. Of professional and high moral character ; also ab- stainer.—Apply, by letter only, Mr. LEACH, Albury Park, Guildford. WANTED, young MAN, well up in Tomatos, also Seakale and Strawberries, for Market. — State age, wages, experience, &c., to A. B ATESON, Bashley Nursery, Milton, Lymington. ANTED, TWO or THREE young MEN accustomed to Budding and Training. — State expe- rience and wages required, to GEO. COOLING AND SONS, Nurserymen, Bath, ANTED, JOURNEYMAN, not under 21, to attend Conservatory and take lead in Flower Garden. Wages lis. per week and bothy.— Address W. ROWE, Sqnerryes Court. Westerham, Kent. ANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, one who will take an interest in bis work, to take charge of Plants and Indoor Decorations. Must have had previous experience in suoh work. Wages. 178. per week, with good bothy, &o., as usual. — Apply in own handwriting, with testimonials (copies only), to W. H. DIVERS, Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham. ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, three good hands for Oarnation-layering.— Apply, B. H. BATH, The Floral Farms, Wisbech, WANTED, AT ONCE, TWO young MEN, for a Nursery all Glass. Must be well up in the cul- ture of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and able to produce good references, both as to character and ability. Will have to take turn with Fires. Apply, personally, on Saturday between 11 A.M. and 7 p.m.— E. J. TUCKER, Silverdale Gardens, Sydenham, S.E. WANTED, a young MAN, for Glass and Garden (Single-handed). — Must understand Tomato and Cucumber (j-rowiog. Must have good reference. Ab- stainer preferred.— Apply, by letter, to C. OSGOOD, Burnt Ash Road, Lee. WANTED, a LAD, to work in NURSERY and attend on Customers. Knowledge of prices re- quisite, and if able to Make-up preferred. — ARABIN, Belmont Nurseries, Portswood, Southampton. WANTED, a SHOPMAN.- Experienced in Seeds, Bulbs, and Sundries ; energetic and accustomed to brisk Counter Trade. — Age. experience, salary expected, and full particulars to ARMITAGE BROS., Seed Merchants. Nottingham. WANT PLACES. TO GABDENEBS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS, Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. F SANDER AND CO. oan recommend several • highly qualified and euerfietic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans, THOMAS BUTCHER oan recommend several HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS of first-rate character and proved ability. Gentlemen seeking suoh may have par- ticulars free.— Apply to THOMAS BUT0HER,'3eed Merchant and Nurseryman, Croydon. ICH ARD SMITH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiviog applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, Ac. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Balllffs. Foresters, fto. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the Ai^Aeat respectability, and thorough It/ practical aft their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— "DI0KSON9, Ohbsteb." BS. WILLIAMS AND SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN, Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries Upper Holloway. N. A GENTLEMAN, with sound established con- nection, wishes IRISH AGENCY for BULBS, from first- class House. Wholesale, Retail, or both. Highest references. -Address BULBS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN,— Well educated Dutch Horticulturist and Commercial Man ; age 33, total abstainer ; well up in Book-keeping and Corre- spondence. Good linguist, with great general knowledge. Wishes respectable situation of about £150 a year. Would like House to live in. First-class references. — Y. C. M., Gar- dtners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O, Orcnid Grower. I IRELAND, having resigned the position • of Orchid Foreman to Messrs. John Cowan 8c Co.. Garston, offers his services to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical Orchidist, with a whole life (London and Provincial) experience. — Age 35 ; married. Cor- respondence from Gentlemen in the Trade respectfully solicited. — Address, 6, Arthur Street, Garston, Liverpool, GARDENER (HKAD),orORCHID GROWER — Mr. Bbooman White, who is giving up the Cultiva- tion of Hothouse Orchids, wishes to recommend his GROWER (George Roberts), to anyone requiring a thoroughly com- petent, hard-working man. Disengaged now. Married, one child.— Address, Arddarroch, Garelochhead. OO for securing appointment for Advertiser, ^^s^ at present Head Gardener, who seeks re-engage- ment aa HEAD or FOREMAN, or good Single-handed. Thoroughly experienced in the requirements of large and small establishments. A good Fruit and Plant-grower, and practical Bedding-out. —HBRNARIA, 1, Thornton Street, Hertford. GARDENER (Head). — Age 31; single. Nineteen years' practical experience (six years' foreign). Capable and efficient in all branches ; competent to take charge of large establishment and control of men. Highest references.- GREEN, Les Camps, St. Martins, Guernsey. July 4, 1896.] THE UAFiDENEBS' CHBONICLE, 27 GARDENER (Hbad).— Situation required, by a thoioughly fxperipoced dobd, in all branches of QaideniDg. Land and Slock if requiied.— K. H., Crow Neat Park, Lightcliffe, Halifax. ^_ GARDENER (Hbad), where two or more are ifpt.— Thoioupbly experitDced in all braBcbes. Has befD Head nJi.eTeen >tais. Would take a place with my two ecDs rage 16 atd tS), or without,— G. S.,The Grange, Eatla JBartOD, NorlbaD pton. AKLiENER (Head Wobking).— Age 36, married, one child; first-claas leferences. Thoroughly experienced in the Cultivation of Orcbide, Stove, Greeuhouee, and Herbaceous Plants, Vines. Melons, and Kitchen and Pleasure Grounds.— A. B., The Cleve, Giring, near Beading, Berks. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept, — Married, no family; thorough practical experience in all branches. Good character.— A. B., County Oak, Crawley, Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working, or good Single-handed).— Age 26, married, no family; life experience, Inside and Out. Good character.- H. DALE, Pouchen End, Boxmoor, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working), age 28.— Wm. Crump, Steward to the Misees Goldsmid, ToBg3- wood, Hawkhurst, Kent, desires to recommend his General Foremao to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a steady, persevering, reliable man. (^ARDENER(HeadWobkino).— Thoroughly V_X practical in every branch of the profession, Early and Late Forcing, Vines, Peaches, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Eight years' good reference.— HEAD GARDENER, The Chilterns, Grove Park, Wanstead, GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35; Married ; thoroughly practical knowledge in all branches. Highly recommended. Leaving through giving np. Five years present situation,— C. COOMBER, Westbury ViUa, Westgate-on-Sea. GARDENER (Head Working,)— Age 36, married, one boy (8) ; life experience. Eleven years in last situation. Excellent testimonials.— W. BOYLBS, Melrose, St. Mary's Boad, Cromer. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 3o, marriedj no family. Thoroughly understands Orchida, Stove, Vines Cucumbers, Flowers, Kitchen Garden, Land, and Stock.— DOWNH AM, Kennell Cottage, Horton, Slough. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29 ; twelve years' experience in early and late Forci^^g. Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Good references.— J. W., The Gardens, Kenwood, Hampatead. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Age 24, single; thorough knowledge of good all-round Gardeniug. Excellent characters, and well recom- mended. Abstainer, — W. B., 3. DenzilRoad. Neasdeu, London. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or otherwise). — Age 30, married, no family; good all round. Abstainer. Good references.- ALEX. ARMSTRONG, Halfway Lodge, Esher, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where help is given. — Age 27, married ; good general experi- eoce. Total abstainer.— X. Y., 6, Riverdale ^Cottages, Han- worth, Middlesex. GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise). —Age 22 ; eight years' experience; over two years in last situation. Good references. — F., 2, Burleigh Terrace, Winchmore Hill, Middlesex. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second).— Age 29, married, one child; thoroughly experienced both under Glass and Outdoors. Excellent references.— GARDENER, 10. Craoe Bank, Chester. GARDENER, &o.— Situation wanted, by a thoroughly practical MAN. well up in Landscape and Jobbing Work, also good Knifesman. Well up in Fruit and Plants generally. — Q. M., Mr. Ed. Hillier, Nurseryman, &c., Winchester. GARDENER.— Age 32, married, no family; seventeen years practical experience in Vines, Peaches, Melons. Flowers, Vegetables. &c. Good references. — A. W. HEATHERDENE, Charles Hill, Farnham. GARDENER, where one or two are kept. — Age 29; fifteen years' practical experience in all branches. Vines, Peaches, &c. Highest references. — W. GARLICK, Portley. Caterham. C> ARDENER, where one or more is kept. — T Married ; experienced in all branches. Good recom- mendations.- CHARLES SKINNER, Pinkney, near Malmes- bury, Wilts. GARDENER (Second, or otherwise, — Age 27. single. Eleven years' practical experience in the general routire of Gardening, including two years as First Journeyman Inside. Well recommended ; abstainer. No circulars. — BEESON, 87, High Street, Netting Hilll Gate, London, W. GARDENER (Second), where four or five are kept.— Age 26. single ; three years Inside and Out : eight years previous. Kitchen Garden. ~C. THORNTON, Albury, Guildford, Surrey. GARDENER (Second), in a good establish- ment. Age 26; two. years' character from preeent situation.— C. DUNN, The West Lodge. Everaley Park, Winchmore Hill, London, N. ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 2s ; well up in Vinei. Cucumbers, Tomatos Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Bcf. Fourteen years' experience; highest references.— H. R., West Street, Ewell, Surrey. GARDENER (TJnder), or JOURNEYMAN Clnside), age 23. -W. Goss. Gardener to W. G Roy, Esq.. cpn very highly recommend W. HUNTER as above; been with him two years; five previous. — W. GOSS, Byams, Marchwood, Southampton. GARDENER (Under), in large Gardens or Nurseries. — Situation wanted by a young man as above. Steady and obliging. — F. G. T., Arlington, Barnstaple, North Devon. GARDENER (Under).— Age 19; has good knowledge of Houses and Kitchen Gardening. Five years' experience. — J. DUDDRIDGE, Monksilver, near TanntOD, Somerset. GARDENER (Under), in the Houses.- Young man (age 21), wishes to improve himself as above. State wages and full particulars.— LOOSLBY, News Agent, Berkhamsted. GARDENER (Under). — Young Man Kitchen Garden or Pleasure Grounds. — CHURCH, Mrs. Petler, Seaton, Hull. Yorks. GARDENER (Third) or where more are kept. Glass and Pleasure Garden preferred. Age IS; four years' experience. Good refererces. — W., 156, Old Woolwich Road, Greenwich. GARDENER, or GROOM;- GARDENER ; age 3}. — Gilbert Davidson, Ammanford, R.S.O.. S. Wales, wishes to find a place for one of his men aa above, Four years' experience under Glass and Outside. To Wholesale Growers for Market. MANAGER, in a first-class up-to-date estab- lishment, to grow extensively for Market, Cut Flowers, including Bulbs, Rose?, CaroatioDs, Lilies. Chrysantbemums. Orchids. Fruit, Tomatns, Palma. Ferns, Foliage Plants, and the general requiremeots of a Market Nurserv. Good trade connection. Firnt-class references. — MALMAISON, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. To Florists. Fruiterers, or Nnrierymen. MANAGER, SHOPMAN, BUYER, or GROWER.— Young Man "eeks situation as above. Practical West-end make-up Fourteen years' experience (•even London market irrowiDg).— W.T., Garrffntn* Chronicle Olhce, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR (Gknkral) and FORE- MAN (Working). SALE^M<^f if required. —Thirty years' practical experience in Rhododendrons. Coniferoe, Clematis, Roses, and all kiads of Shrubs, &c.— T. C, Rose Cottages. Ottershaw, Chertsey. PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Age 28; Ferns in large quantities, all Softwooded, Carnations. Tomatos. Bulb Forcing, and general. First-class pot or cut stuff. Good references. — J. P , Rose Cottage, Fortis Green, Finchley, N. G^ROWER and PROPAGATOR.— Age 37; life experience in Stove Plants and general Pot-stuff ; Ferns, a specialty. Good references. — W. M., 6, High Street, Alperton. near Harrow. FRUIT GROWER (Market or Private).— Age 31. married. Situation wanted as above, Peaches, Nectarines, Grapes, Tomatos. &c., specialty ; life experience in good firms.— L. S., Ham Stores, Richmond, Surrey. G_ROWER, Tomatos, Cnoumbers, Chrysanthe- mums, and Plants —Age 2rt ; twelve years' experience. Good personal characters. — E. JOHNSON, Windmill Road, Hampton Hill, Middlesex. TO NURSERYMEN.— Young Man (age 26) seeks situation as GROWER. Eleven yeais' experience in Qerman nurseries ; twelve months in London market H. F., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. KOSE and FRUIT RUDDERS.— Two young men (Danes), with good experience in above ; also in Grafting. Pruning, &c., want situations. — KRAGH, Ivy Cottage, Ham, Surrey. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Working).— Age 32 ; fifteen years* practical experience, London and Provincial, in Plant- growing. Cut Flowers, Bulb- forcing, Tomatos, &o. Kxcellent references. — W. R., 42, Shakespeare St., Southport. FOREMAN, in a pood establishment.— Mr. W. BrnKiNSHAW, The Gardens. Bridehead, Dorchester, can highly recommend his late Foreman as above, who has had thorough practical experience,— 3. BAKER, Broad Clyst, Exeter. FOREMAN, in good establishment.— Age 2Q ; life experience in first-class places North and Sooth. Leaving through death of employer. For references and all particulars, apply to Mr. T. PATTISON, Head Qardeoer, Tunstall Estate, West Hartlepool, Durham. FOREMAN (Nitbseby). — Grapes, TomatoB, Roses, and Carnations are specialties.— Age 28; good references from present and previous employers,— A. E. N., GEORGE, Pear Cottage, Milton. Cambridge. URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 40; well np in all branches. Propagatiog, Growing, Forcing (Flowers and Fruit), Floral Decorations. Wreaths. &c. Four years present ; seven years previous.— STUART, Victoria Nursery, Dyke Road, Brighton. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under Fore- man, — Age 'i\ ; six years' experience. Good references. Disengaged. — HENRY SKITT. Providence Grove. Upper Pulley, Shrewsbury. JOURNEYMAN.— YouDg^^ seeks sitna^ tion aa abore (age 19); three years in present situation. Good character.— H. STACEY. The Chase, Farnham Royal, Slough. JOURNEYMAN ; age 20. — W. Kkddbn, tt care of Mr. Tibbles, The Lodge, Wemeth Park, Oldham, Laneaahire, requires situation as above Well recommended by Mr. C0ATK3, Head Gardener, Darnhall Hall, Winsford. OURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Oat, in a Private Establishment. —Age 23 ; eight years' expe- rience, three years as Journeyman. Good reference. — ALFOBD, The Boynes, Hanley Castle, Worcester. OURNEYMAN. -Mr. Coates, Darnhall Hall Gardens, Winsford, Cheshire, would he pleased to recom- mend a young man, age 22, aa above. Six years' experience. JOURNEYMAN, Inside^— AgelO ; five years' experience. Good references. Disengsged.— H. HOPKINS, White Waltbam. near Maidenhead, Berks. JOURNEYMAN (Fibst), in the Houses, under Foreman. — Age 23 ; seven years' experience. Good character ; abstainer.— J. C.,2, Brenda Cottages, Catherine lioad, Enfield Wash, Middlesex. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21; experienced in Orchids. Stove and Planta and Fruits under Glass. Three and a half years' good character.— C. WATKINS. opposite the Angel, High Road. Hayes. Middlesex, JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; two and a half years' in present situation. Highly recommended.— H. EASTAFF, The Gardens. Renishaw Hall, near Chesterfield. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 20; three years' good character. — W. H., Upwell House Gardens, near Wisbech, Oambs. GARDEN LABOURER, wants situation,— Age 27 ;'good character.- H. S., care oE Mr. Hallden, 13, Alfred Street, Darlaston, Staffordshire. 1MPKt)VEK. — Y'oung Lady requires situation as IMPROVER in a West End Florist's. Good Sales- woman.—R. S,, 328. Tufnell Park Road, Highgate, N. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Young man. age 18. seeks situation as above. Good references. — A. WOOD, The Gardens, Hutton Park, near Brentwood. Essex. IMPROVER, Inside.— Age 22; good oha- racter. Experienced ; bothy preferred. Diseogdged ne«t Wednesday.— A. PERRY, The Nurseries, Toddington, Winch- combe, R.S.O., Gloucester. APPRENTICE. — A Gentleman wishes to Apprentice his Sou, aged 16^, in some establisnment where he would learn Market Gardeoing, Fruit Growing, &o., for profit. Please state all particulars, premium, and references, —JOSEPH ROGERS. Esq., Martley, Worcester, England. O GARDENERS, &o.— Situation wanted, in a Geotleman'a Garden or Nursery. Inside and Out, Five years' experience. Good recommendation from last employer. Age 21.— State wages.— A. I>JEALB, Bracknell, Berks. O GARDENERS, &o.— A young man, age 22, seeks situation, experienced in Ferns, Tomatoa. Cbrya- anthemums, and Softwooded Stuff, Bulbs, erry Vicomtesse Huric rt du Thury Societies— National Rose (Crystal Palace) 'M, National Rose (Reading) Newcastleon-Tyue Romford Horticultural Winibledoa Iluiticul- tural Wolverhimpton Floral Ffito Yorkshire Naturalists' Union Stock-taking: June ... Sweet Briars at Burford Lodge Tomato disease ... Tropajolum speciusuni in the South Week's work, the — Flower garden, the ... Fruits under glass Hardy fruit garde i ... Kitchen garden, the ... Orchid houses, the Planus under glass ILLUSTRATIONS. Lielia purpurata var. Asluvorthiaua 39 Portriitof F.dward Mtwley, Ks(] 35 Portrait of Rev. H. H D'Ombmin 34 Reseda alba, group of plants of .. 45 Rhododendron rhorabicum 38 View in the Tower Grove Park, St. Louis (Supplement). NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is im])erative that all Copy for Advertisements should be received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNING at the latest. Come and See OTJR NURSERY and SEED GROUNDS, which really require a fpecial day. — ^There are now ezceediDf^ly interestiDg aod erji^yBble objects not found in any other establishment To show the eKt«nt, we have just on 3 acres of A8t«r8, and at no where in Europe can tbeee be Been more complete, and certainly no teeds finer or purer. We corJially invite all lovers of horticulture. H. CANNELL AND SONS. Swanley. C ANNAS. — Garaway & Co. offer strong plantaof the above (Crozy'a beat named varieties), at 9x. and 12s. per dozen ; their own selection. Tbeee are equally useful for outdoor and conservatory decoration. GARAWAY AND CO.. Clifton. Bristol. LARGEPALMS & DECORATIVE PLANTS. Immense stock. All sizes np to 20 feet for Sale or Hire. Inspection Invited. Prices on Application. B. S. WILLIAMS AND SON, Victoria and Paradise Nur- series. Upper Holloway, London, N. CARNATIONS.— Some few dozens, strongly- rooted plants, of the hifihest class French Novelties, to be bad in September next, from the celebrated Keevil Collec- tion, which are now on view. Trade need not apply. Mr. PINK, Keevil Manor, Trowbridge, Wilts. YCLAMEN SEED.— A few more ounces than we require for our owp sowing to dispose of. Price on ap- pUcfttion.— HUGH LOW and CO., Bush Hill Park, Middlesex. Sow Now. SUTTON'S FLOWKK OF SPRING CAB- BAGE.— The finest varitt/ in ruUivation for spring u*e. Of compact habit, hiving few outer leaves, tirm heads of excellent quality. Mr. J. Hounslow, gnrdener to the Hon. the Marquis of Heaofort. sijs:— "Your Flower of Spriag is the beat Cabbage I h ive seeD. From eeed sown last July I commenced cutting Match 2P. The quality is all that could be desired." I'rice of seed Ir. pir ounce post free. SITTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM CUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL KJ SEEDSMEN, RSADINO. ORCHIDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immense stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. An inspection invited. Illustrated Catalogue post free. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, London, N. DICKSONS FIRST and BEST CABBAGE.— An excellent variety for Autumn ^owiog. Per pkt . ^d. ; per oz.. Is. 6<^. Mr. Ji'SEPH Kektinq. Minworth. write*: — •* I have to-day cut a w»ggon-load oi First & Bkst Cabi)a.oe, grown from your Seed. I never saw t,^xch a uniform lot of Cabbages, every one being fit for Market." DICKSONS, Royal Seed Warehouse. O^IESTEB. ENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND,— STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture. GEORGE BirNYARD & Co , The Boyal Nurseries. Maidstone, brg to intimate that their New Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be had post-free on application. The largest and best stock in the Trade. OW i8~the~TIME to PLANT Gladiolos- flowered CanDa8,QaiIlardia8,DelphiDium8.& Pyrei brums. CatalOKue ol KELWAY AND SON. Lsngport, Someraet. IIRISTMAS FLOWERS. — Special Low Quotation for White Roman Hyacinhs end all other Bulbs of finest quality, for Orders received before July i.3, when our New Catalogue will be issued. If you want the Be*t Bulbs wriletouNatonce.-THE HORTICULTURAL CO., Levensbulme, near Manchester. RIMULASI PRIMULAS! PRIMULAS! 26th year of DistributioD. Williams' Superb Straio, 1 j. f>d. per dozeo ; lOi, per U'O. CINEB&RIA3, lame price; also, PRIMULA OBCONICA, 2>. 6i. per dozen ; DOUBLE WHITE PRIMULiS. id. each. JOHN STBVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. OSE BUDS for BUDDING.— Beat varieties of H. P.'s, warranted true to name, my own selection, Zs. per 100. or 2if. per ICOO. Cash with order. W. MAGNESS, Boee Grower, King's Acre. Hereford. BOX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled ; obtained highest award for Begonius exclusively at the Temple Show. Exhibition. June till Sep- tember, at West Wickham Nurserv, near Station, Mid Kent, S.E.R. A visit solicited.— JOHN R. BOX, Croydon. Important to Musliroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; most productive. Hundreds of testimoniala. Per bushel, hs. R. AND G. CUTHBERT, Seed, Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgate. N. Established 1797. CARNATIONS. — James Douglas begs to announoethat his CATALOGUE for Autumn, 1891. and Spring, 1897, is now ready. It contains descriptions of the New Etorder and New Malmaison Caraations, with Cultural Directions. SEEDLING CARNATIONS, best strains, 3s, 6d. per dozen ; 25f . per 100. Catalogue post-free. Edenside, Great Bookham, Surrey. ANTED, a large, well-furnished PALM (Latania or Corypha), 5 to 6 feet high, in Ezchaoge for Betarded Lily Crowns, or '9$ crop in the Autamn. Par- ticulars with price, to — T. JANNOOH, Lily Nursery, Dersingham, Korfolk. WANTED, for West End Hotel, a House to SUPPLY PALMS and other DEC0R4TI0NS by Yearly Contract, — Apply by letter, to O. P.. Gardenen' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Strict, Strand, W.C. BARK'S AUTUMN FLOWERS. Plant during July or Augunt to flower this Autumn. Iti»»'8 beautiful and rare species of Crocus, Meadow Saffrons, White Lily of the West Wind, Y'ellow Lily of the Field, Sc. Descriptive L[4T on application. BARR iHD SON. 12, King Street, lorent Garden. London. Table Plants. DRAC.-ENAS, CROTUNS, ARALIAS, COJOS, GEOSOMAS. &c. Handsome Plants for Table Decoration. B. S. WILLIAMS Sc SON. Vict>rm and Paradise Nur£eii«, Upper Holloway, London, N. Sow Now, for Early f lowerlDg In Spring. ROEMEH'rf SUl'EHB PRIZE PANSIES. The Finest Strain of Punsus in Ihe World. Introducer and Grower of all the Leading NoTeltiea. CATALOGUE f ee on application. FRED. ROBMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. CALCEOLARIA. — Gaeaway & Co. offer Seed of the finest Herbaceous Calceolaria (Rapley's) — sea Gardening papers— at Ix., Is. 6d , and 2s. Qd. per paoaet. GARAWAY iND CO., Clifton, Bristol. The NoTserjmen, Market Gardeners, and General HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION, Limited.— Offices, 1 & 2. King Street, Corent Gari.eo, W.C. Cb«irm>n, UABBY J. VEITCH. Manager and Secretary. ALEX. JASIES MONRO. AITM S E EDS. — PLANT NO W.— Just arrived. Kentias, Coryphas, Phoenix, Cocos, Sei- forthias, and others. 100 in variety, to name, free, 2s,6i.; boo for lOi. Price to the Trade on apphc^tion. MORLB AND CO.. Conservatories, Finchley Boad, N.W. LOVELS' YORKSHIKK STRAWBERRIES. Rooted Runners, from Maiden Plants : — Ro;al Sovereign, Noble. Thury, Paxton. President, and others. df. per iOO. Beady in August. Sample dozen. Is. W. LOVEL AND SON. Driffield. BEGONIAS of the newest and most superb type, includiog many rare varieties. Double and Single, for Conservatory or Bedding. See B. R. Davis' Descriptive CATALOGUE, free. A handsome coloured plate of Six Double Varieties and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for Is. B. B. DAVIS. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. RCHIDS — ORCHIDS — ORCHIDS. SHOWING FOR BLOOM. Cttttleya Hirrieoniee violacep, O. labiata autumnalip, Den- drobium chrysantbum. D. trao^parens, Leelia t>n*eps, Lycfse Deppei, L. Skinneri, Odootoglostum CervantesD, O. cribpum, O. Roesii ma jus. AU guaranteed thoroughly established, healthy, and vigorous, a.', efch. or any eight for 21*. ; pack- ing and carriage pai<1 for cash with order. Send for special Monthly List. -J. HUBERT GKOQAN AND CO.. Railway Nurseries, Worthing. HE "LONDON" TOBACCO JUICE.— Duty free. Will bear diluting with from four to eight parts of water. In Bottles: Fiuts. Is ; quarts. \s. 9U ; half- gallon, '2s. lid. : gallon, 4x. ; or in casks of 10 gallons and up- wards at 'Js. ^d. per gallon. Sold by all Seedsmen. Sole Makers : CORRY & CO, (Ltd.). LONDON, E.C. ROBBIE'S FERTILIZING COMPOUND.— A high claaa Artificial Jduiure for all Horticultural Purposes. Tin. about 2 lb., Is :id.; 61 . bag, 3s. ; perowt.,2is. All Carriage Paid. DOBBIE AND CO.. The Quet^i/s Seerismen, ROTHESAY. ORTICULTURAL MANURE. — Chiefly composed of Blood and Bones. The best fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, U. 8c '2s. 6d. ; also in air-tight bags, ^ cwt., 6«. ; I cwt.. 10s, Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag ; I cwt. and above sent carriage paid. Cash with order.— C. BEESON. Bone Mills. St. Neot*8 Hunts. J WEEKS & CO.. Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.B. S. the Pnuce of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept., Royal Fort. Soc , Royal Botanic Soc. Parka and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road. ChelBeH. S. W. Telegraph Addreas,"Hortulanns,London."Telephoiie.No.t<728 D^ 30 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 11, 1896. SALES BY AUCTION. Friday Next, July 17. MESSRS. PR'JTHEROE and MORRIS have received instfuctions from Messra. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Room", 67 and 68. Cheapnide, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 17, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a consignment of RENANTHERA IMSCHOOTIANA —A dwarf, compact grow- ing, liew species, with immense panicles of large, brilliant, orange-vermilion blossoms. The gem of the genus now introduced for the second time by ua, only a few plants to hand, and all are offered without any reserve. The flowers are produced on plants 6 inches high The inflorescence is a bouquet of brilliant vermilion blossoms. As many as sixty blooms are borne on a apike, the large size of the of thc> panicles and flowers, and the immense number produced by the plant being totally out of proportion to ita size. The plant covers itself with its glorious masses of blossom. The habit is dwarf, and the culture simple. There is no doubt, but that it is the most charming of the genus. An Award of Merit was accorded it by the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, June 11, 1895. A large consignment, in splendid order, of CYMBIDIUM LOWIANUM VAR.. from the same district whence came the plants offered in our Sale of July 3. The district is almost inaccessible, and great difficulty was experienced in getting the plants to the coast. Although never yet obtained from Upper Burmah, we believe C, Hookerianum is among the plants offered. A PHAIUS SPECIES from Burmah, probably a form of P. SanderiaDus, A VANDA SPECIES (Roxburghii?).— The plants bear a strong resemblance to V. Roxburgbii, and they are probably a form of that species, but no infonnation has been received regarding them. A splendid assortment of OALANTHE HYBRIDS, comprising the most beautiful and latest raised : — CALANTHE WM. MURRAY.— Flowers white and crimson. ,, HAROLD. — Rosy-carmine and crimson. ,, CLIVE. — Rosy-carmine, orange-ochre throat, sepals shading into white. ,, SANDHURSTI ANA. — A strong- growing, most richly- coloured form. „ VICTORIA REQINA.— Rosy-pink petals and sepals, lip almost white. ,, COOKSONn.— A splendid snowy- white- flowered hybrid. ,, BRYAN. — Flowers pure white, with an intense black- purple- maroon throat. ,, NIVALIS, pure white flowers, with a yellow disc, pro- duced in great prof usion. ,, REGNIERII, sepals and petals white, labellum roay-pink. , VESTITA RUBRO-OOULATA , a splendid variety, flowers white, the lip having a crimson blotch in '. „ LUTEO-OCULATA, SANDER'S VAR.— The grandest variety of luteo-oculata. ,, RUBENS ALBA.— A pure white variety. „ LAUCHEANA.— A very distinct cross, flowers o< a distinct blue colour. ,, SYLVATICA.— A very rare species. „ VERATRIFOLIA. — A popular well-known species. Calanthes are unequalled for winter decoration, and the foregoing hybrids are the finest subjects for that purpose. DENDROBIUM NOBILE, LANG TANG VARIETY.-From this district a host of splendid forms have emanated, and DO doubt the present consignment will add to the number. Also rare, interesting, curious, fascinating, weird, mimical, attractive, exquisite, delightful, piquant, remarkahle, charming and beautiful Orcbide. THUNIA BENSONI^, DENDROBIUM CLAVATUM. DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTBUM.— A wonderfully free-flowering Dendrobe, admirably adapted for exhibition purposes, and most useful to the florist. DENDROBIUM DALHOUSIEANUM, D. CHRYSOTOXUM, D SANGUINOLENTUM. D. INFUNDIBULUM, D. FAR- MERI, D. FIMBRIATUM' D. THYRSIFLORUM, D. DEN- SIFLORUM. A number of extra fine well-leaved short plants of VANDA CtERULEA, a CCELOGYNE SPECIES from Upper Buimab, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. KOTICE OF FIRST CONSIGNMENT LILIUM HARRISII. MESSRS. PBOTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that they have just received notice of the First Consignment of about— 40,000 Bulbs of JJXJXSTS. HABBISII, which are expected to arrive about the third week in August, when they will at once be offered at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. .Central Auction Uart, Bristol. DENDROBIUM PHAL^NOPSIS SOHRODERIANUM, semi established, and unflowered ; the best ever offered in the West of England; immense bulbs, and strong young growths; 50 plants; from G. R. Bryant, Esq., Bath, to make room for cool-house Orchids. OATTLEYA DOWI- ANA AUREA, ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSII MONSTRO- SUM, UELIA PR^STANS, ONCIDIUM KBAMERI, &c., from Messrs. W. L. Lewis Ai Co. Also, another property, ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, PaCHO TYPE, very fine imported stuff ; DENDROBIUM CAMBRIDGEANUM, semi-established ; &c. MESSRS. DUROSE SUTTON and CO. will SELL the above by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 16. 189G, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely. Catalogues of the Horticultural Auctioneera and Valuers, 1, Queen Anne Buildings, Bristol ; and at Frome, Somerset, Gunnersbury, W. — Dissolution of Partnership. — PRELIMINARY NOTICE of Important UNRESERVED SALE of unusually well-grown SPECIMEN and other PALMS in great variety, all of which are in splendid health, and free from scale. By order of Mr. Percy Cox. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Oxford Nurseries, Oxford Road, Gunnersbury, W.. five minutes from Gunnersbury Station, on WEDNESDAY, July 29, at 2 o'Clock. Further particulars will appear. Sutton and Heston. Hounslow, ailddlesex. By order of the trustee? of the late Mr. Frederick Salmon. MR. WOODS has been favoured with instruc- tions to SELL by AUCTION, at the Red Lion Hotel. Hounslow. on WEDNESDAY. July 22. 1895. at 2 for 3 o'Clock in the afternoon (in lots), FREEHOLD, COPYHOLD, and LEASEHOLD ESTATE as under :— Compact Homestead, situate at Sutton, comprising a Detiached Residence, with large Yard, Stabling, Lofts, Bam, Packing Sheds, Stores, Cart Houses, and Outbuildings, with Gardens, Meadow, Orchard, &c. Area about la. 3r. 26p. Copyhold of the Manor of Heston. A tract of Land situated at Sutton. Area 6a. Or. Op. Planted with Fruit Trees and Bushes. Copyhold of the Manor of Heston. Piece of Freehold Land adjoining last lot, containing about 9a. 2r. 37p., planted with Fruit Trees, Gooseberry Bushes, and Currants, possessing an immense frontage to main roads, within a few minutes of the Heston Hounslow District Railway Station. Three Cottages, situate at Lampton. and known as Nos. 5, 6, and 7, Agnes Place, producing £35 6^. Od. per annum. Copyhold of Syon Manor. Beneficial Interests in Leases of Sutton Orchard, containing 9 acres. Market Garden Land known as " Salmon's Ground," New Heston, containing about 5a. Ir, 24p., planted with young Fruit Trees and Bushes. "The Rides," Heston. containing 12 acres, planted with young Fruit Trees and Bushes. Pieces of Land with the Fruit Trees, Bushes, and Straw- berries, situate at Lampton. containing 11a. 3r. 29p.; piece of Meadow Land adjoining the atxtve, containing about 2a. Or. Op. Pieces of Arable Land fronting Sutton Lane known as Sutton Fields, containing together about 10 acres. Lyon's Close, containing about 3a. Or. 28p. ; also the Land adjoining, containing about 8a. 3r. I2p., with an approach from the Lampton Road. Piece of Land, containing 8a. 2r. !Mp., known as Barrack Field. Holding situate at Sutton, Middlesex, and known as Hart's Farm, with Farmhouse-cottage, Farm-buildings, and Fruit and Arable Land ; area about 47 acres. Particulars, with conditions, had at the Red Lion Hotel, Hounslow ; of HUGH R. PEAKE, Eeq.. Solicitor. 172, High Street, Hounslow, and at 2, Clement's Inn, Strand, London; and of Mr. WOODS, Auctioneer and Valuer, Hounslow. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! LOVERS OF SPECIAL AND RARE DENDROBIUMS AND OTHEU CHOICE ORCHIDS, Should not fail to see the Catalogue making the SPECIAL OFFER OF A URGE PRIVATE COLLECTION ON SALE BY PRIVATE TREATY, BY JOHN COWAN & CO., Ltd., THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GAKSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Catalogues, Post Free on application. FOR IMMEDIATE SALE, cheap, good PALMS, some 8 feet; large AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, specimen plante ; OACTCS.in 16atid 32-pot9; ASPIDISTRAS, CLIVEIAS, and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Apply, 22, Lyndhorst Road, Peckham, S.E. HADLBIGH, SUFFOLK, — TO BE DIS- POSED OF, the Lease, Goodwill, Stock in Trade, and Olaas Erections, &o,, of above NURSERY, comprising about 1} aores of Land, convenient DWELLINO HOUSE, Packing and Potting Sheds, SEED SHOP, and Fittings. Lease about nineteen years unexpired. Rent £27. No other Nursery within several miles. Price £150. Apply to — WILLIAM BADMAN, Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. GRAVESEND.— FOR SALE, GOODWILL, FIXTURES, and STOCK, &c., of COMPACT NURSERY. — 8 well-built Greenhouses, with the lease of the Dwelling- house, containing 12 rooms and spacious cellarage, and 2 Green- houses, and 1^ acres of good Land ; the glass is about 600 feet run ; the whole heated by two new tubular boilers. Lease about 10 years, with renewals. Root £50 per annum. Apply — DIXON, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth Common, S.W. Near the Crystal Palace. FOR DISPOSAL, a SMALL NURSERY, about an acre, well stocked ; [about 1000 feet of glass, doing a fairly good Jobbing Business. Established by Adver- tiser over twenty years. Rent of House and Grounds very moderate. Full particulars from— J. POWER, The Nursery, Madeline Road, Anerley, S.E. OR SALE. COMPACT NURSERY, 8 miles of Covent Garden, on the mtin road, near two railway stations. Convenient Cottage, 9 Houees, and Range of heated Pita, all filled with Tomatos, Grapes, Cucumbers, and water laid on. Rent £35 on lease — For particulars apply, A. W. COOPER, Florist, 49. Upper Park Road, Hampstead. FOR SALE, Old Established NURSERY, SEED, and JOBBING BUSINESS. Same hands twenty years. Goodwil', Stock, Fixtures, &c., as it stands. Full particulars on application. G. N., S. Station Buildings, Wightman Road, Hornsey.N. LONDON, N.W. — Aristooratio neighbour- hood, for immediate SALE. Thorough genuine FLORIST'S BUSINESS. Established upwards of 20 years. Owner retiring from business. Average turnover for last three years, £426f'. Large profits. Premises comprise Noble Shop and Commodious Dwelling-house. Lease, 7, 14, or 21 years. Rent, £150 per annum. Strictest investigation invited. Price, £1600. Also, 3 Acres of productive LA.ND, near Harrow- on-Hi 11, with small Stock, can also be had if desired. Price, £^60 per acre. Full particulars of PROTHKROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (Folio 8813.) URREY.— FOR IMMEDIATE SALE, genuine NURSERY BUSINESS— 1^ Acres walled in. 15 modern Greenhouses, Commodious House. Stabling and Outbuilding. Lease 14 years. Rent £50. Splendid connec- tion in London and Local Trade. Value of stock £900, Price all at £1050. Full particulars. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. (8835). OR DISPOSAL, a good FLORIST'S and SEEDSMAN'S BUSINESS, doing a good Cut Flower, Plant, Seed, and Bulb Trade, with capital Jobbing Gardening Connection, in fashionable part of large West of England Town, This is a genuine concern, and will bear inspection.— H. E. H., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. No agents. To NurBorymen and Florlats commencing BuBlness. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam. the favourite neighbourhood for Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on easy system of Purchase, or to be LET on Lease. For full particulars, apply to Mr. FREDK. G. HUGHES (Surveyor), the Estate Office, Hampton -on-Thames. Land In Denman Road, Camberwell. TO BE LET, on Lease or otherwise, a PIECE of LAND, on the east side of Denman Road, with a frontaKe of 36 feet, and depth of 120 feet, with some Glass- houses, fitted with Hot-water arrangement. Suitable for a Small Nursery. For leave to view, apply at 22, Lyndhurst Road, Peckham, from 11 to 4 o'Clock, p m. No agents need apply. TO LET, within easy reach of Bournemouth, SMALL NURSERY, well stocked with Conifers, Fruit Trees, &c. Three Glass-houses.iPits, and Frames. Apply to — W. T. DIXON, Borough House, Wimborne, Dorset. O LET.— In the North of England, near large country town, and only 1 mile from station on Midland line, a productive PRIVATE KITCHEN GARDEN of about '2^ acres. Excellent range of Glass, Vineries, Peach- house, stove Melon-house. Forcing-pit. Greenhouse, &c., and whole Garden in first-rate order. Owner would buy certain amount of produce weekly besides hiring Plants, &c., when required. Address, by letter only to— B. M., 4, Mount Street, London, W. ARUMS.— About 200 strong Bulbs for Sale, cheap.— HEAD GARDENER, Wellingore Hall Gardens, Lincoln. DONTOGLOSSUM LONDESBOROUGH- lANUM, O. MADRENSE. LSILIA PEDUNCULASIS, aod L. DAYANA. All fine imported plants, iu grand ooudition, 2s. M., 3>. ed., 5s., and 7s. id. each. W. L. LEWIS AND CO., Southgate, London, N. HEAP OFFER of transplanted CELERY, BRUSSELS SPROUTS, &c.— Clayworth Pink Celery, Red and Giant Wbite, also Ayton Castle Leeks, 5s. per lOeO ; 5000 lots, is. M. ; 10,000 lots 4s. perJlOOO. Wroxton Bru-sels, 3s, per 1000 ; 6000 lots, 2s. 6d. per 1000 j 10,000 lots, 2». per 1000. Broccoli, Savoy, Early Caboage, Curled Qreens, &c., 3s. per 1000 ; 6O0O lots. 2s. M. per 1000. Cash with order. GEO. YORKE, Flantist, Retford. Choice Vegetable Seeds, FOR AUTUMN SOWING. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • Special Quotations for their fine Selected Stocks of CABBAGE, TURNIP. LETTUCE. ONION, RADISH, and other SEEDS suitable for AUTUMN SOWING, which will be found very advantageous to Purchasers. Also fine samples of WHITE MUSTARD, and Sowing RAPBSKED, at moderate pnces, SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. Jdly 11, J896.] THE GA 7? D K NE Ji >S" C 11 B 0 NI (J L E. 31 30,000 SEEDLING FERNS. PTERIS CRISTATA, 31s. per lOOO, Packing Free. Sample 100, 45., Carriage Free, Terms, Cash with Order. PTERIS TREMULA, in 48'9, 4s. per dozen. I p.„t „ „ CYEroMIUM, 3s. 6d per (iozcn. f raca.ng rree. SAVAGE & SON^ TREE CARNATIONS, for Winter-blooming. —Try a sample doz. box on rail lor M. to include Miss Joliffe Improv^ed. La Neige. Reginald Godfrey. Sweet Briar, Portia, Daybreak (these last three Americana) ; M, Therese Franco, and W. Scott. OUVARDIAS in great variety, 2s. per doz. B PLASHET NURSERY, EAST HAM. CHRYSANTHEMUM GUIDE AND CHaySANTHEMUM ALBUMS. I have a few of these valuable works left, and will send a copy of each, post-free, 2s., or separately. The Guide, 8 stamps, the Album, 18 stamps. Both are invaluable to Chrysanthemum Growers. H. J. JONES, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham. BEGONIAS.— The finest strains obtainable. SiDgles, is. par dozen ; Doubles, 3s. 6d. per dozen. GLOXINIAS. — Hethersett noted strains, and Emperor Frederick. All packed on rail for cash with order. JAMES GBEEN, Reliance Nurseries, March. RCHIDS. — ORCHIDS. — ORCHIDS. O Abont IS'^O ORCHIDS, newly imported, and in splendid condition. for Sale. ApptytoMr. WM. YOUNG, 18, Waverley Market, Edinburgh. Any reasouabltj offer will be accepted, or they can be sold in lots, to Huit purchasers. 1^- REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD PURCHASE LAXTONS' TWO GRAND NEW STRAWBERRIES Laxtons' "Monarch" & Laxtons' "Leader." BEOA USE LAXTONS' "MONARCH" is the finest flavour extant, of enormous size, most brilliant scarlet colour, and beats Eoyal Sovereign hollow. BECAUSE LAXTONS' "LEADER >> is the largest Strawberry ever introduced, of the finest flavour, the grandest second early forcer, and the best all-round main crop. For the above, and all the best Strawberries in cultivation, go to LAXTONS, ^"^"^^El^rSiTs, BEDFORD. The Largest and Finest Stock in England, therefore Cheapest. Fl'LL rLLrsrUATlCD AND DSSCRII'TIVE LIST POSTED OS APPLICATION. CLEANSE & FERTILIZE YOUR FRUIT TREES & PLANTS With the CELEBRATED XL ALL HORTICULTURAL SPECIALITIES. XL ALL VAPORISING FUMIGATOR.— The Cheapest, Most Simple, and Best Fumigator in existence. A liquid compound, simply evaporated from a email copper cnp bjr the agency of a spirit lamp. Compound For using in the Fumig'ators. ■ "mm Ecttle. No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 Enough for cubic feet. 40,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 I. d. 24 0 13 0 6 6 3 3 Fumigators (Will last for Years). To do 5,000 cubic feet of spaoe at a time, 2s. each. To do 2,000 cubic feet, Is. Qd. each. Shotving a cost for fumigating of only Sd. per 1000 cubic feet of space. XL ALL LiaUID INSECTICIDE (Wash).— The most certain in efifect and safest Wash in the market. 1 pint, 2s. ; I quart, 3s. Gd. ; ^ gallon, bs. ; 1 gallon, 10s. XL ALL TOBACCO POWDER.— The strongest and finest grade of Powder yet produced In i3d.. Is., 'Js. Qd., and 5s. tins. XL ALL MILDEW WASH. —A clear liquid. Kills Mildew and Insects at the same time Does not Mark or Stam Fruit, Flowers, or Foliage. Price, 1 gallon, 12j. 6d. ; 4 gallon. 6s. 6d. ; 1 quart, 4s. ; i pint. 2!. 6d. XL ALL LIQUID MANURE.— 1 pint. Is. ; 1 quart. Is. 6^. ; 1 gallon, 3s. 9d. ; 4 gallons I'^s Cheaper in bulk. To be used one part to fifty o£ water, making the cheapest Plant Food in the market. > " • XL ALL PERFECTLY SOLUBLE MANURE.— For Top-dressing and Dissolving in Water Inlf.,2s. 6ii, 5s.,and lOs. tins. * "'"^"(5 m water. XL ALL GRADUATING MANURE.— For Mixing with the Soil when Ee-potting or Makintr up New. or Renovating Old Borders. In Is., 2s. 8d., and 6s. tins. In bags. J cwt., 10s ed ■ 1 cwt 21.' Tn h it » Special Rates. "' •..;»«. in ouiK, at The above Specialities may be had from all Nwsenjmen, Seedsmen, FloriMs, and Sundriesmen. G. H. RICHARDS, Sole Manufacturer, OLD SHOT TOWER WHARF. LAMBETH. LONDON. S.E. EXHIBITIONS. CALTERHEBBLE and DISTRICT ROSE T^.^ I'^^^A-'^'^^^^I**^- •'"'y >«• Schedules may be had of JNO. E. BROOKS, Sec, 4, Savile Park Street, Halifax. pHESTER HORWOULfURAL SHOW V-^ and FETE.— AHGirsT 6 and 6, 1896. OVER £400 in HORTICULTURAL PRIZES. Entries Close July 16. _ , ^ J. WYN»E FFOULKES, Hon. Sec. trypt Chambers, Eastgate Row, Chester. OYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS, MANCHESTER. ANNUAL ROSE SHOW, July 2.'j, 1896. Early Entries respectfully invited. Address, HON. SEC. POR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to T ,. IT' P"""' "PP'y ^ SANDER'S, St. Albana. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. CUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands o\, .„..,„„ '" °°'*'^""""- Write for LIST. free. f. ■MoARTHUR.The London Nursery, 4. Maida Vale, London, W. HENRY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, CoventSarden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash. OERANIUM and PELARGONIUM VJ cuttings —Bust Market sorts to name, from Pot Plants, well ripened stuff ; 40». per 1000. A Iso Stools of same Ss. per 100 ; caah. MORLE AMD CO., Conservatories, Finchley Road, N.W. PELARGONIUMS. — Garaway & Co. offer -*- good plants, in 5 inch pots, of the best market and decorative varieties, at 18s. per dozen. QARAWAY AND CO., Clifton, Bristol. Plants Shipped to all Pans] WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames street. London, E.G., give special attention to the receptisn and forwarding of Plants and Botanical Specimens to and from all parts of the World. Be particular, and have them consigned to our Care, and save Expense and Delay. Dealers in Virgin Cork, Raffia, Bamboo Canes, Garden Sticks. Palm Seeds. &o. pERNS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS!— I (TRADE):— Ferns, in 2^inch pots. Stove and Green- house, 30 best selling sorts, 12,. 100 ; ditto, large, in 48'8, 10 best selling sorts. 6i. doz. ; strong seedlings. 6s. 100, 50s. 1000 ; Adi-, antum cuneatum, in 49*8, for cutting, 6s. and 8s. doz ; ditto, lor making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20s. lOO; Cyperus', Aralias, Grevilleas. Spiraea, Rhodanthe. & Geraniums, in 48's,6s, doz. ; Marguerites, Heliotropes, Mignonette, Fuchsias, Ivy Geraniums, in bloom, in 48's, 8s. doz. ; Ficus. Palms, Draceenas. Craseulas, Pelargoniums, & Hydrangeas, in bloom, in 48"8. 12s. doz.; Lists free. Packed free. Cash with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughborough Junction, London, S.W . FERNShiERNST! A large quantity of Smill FERVS. nice bu^hy stuff, ready to pot on, or for decorative purposee, in '^ inch pots.— Pteria cristata, nobilis, major, and tremula, at 9». per 100 ; 50O and upwards, at Ss, 6rf. ADIANIUM CUNEATUM. in smaU thumbs, 10s. per 100. la 48's, Pteris tremula, at is. Qd. per dozen. Above pricee are for cosh with order. Packing Free. An Inspection at the Nurseries is Invited. B. PRIMROSE, BLACKHEATH NURSERIES, ST. JOHN'S PARK, BLACKHEATH. S.E. CYCLING and all ACCIDENTS INSURED AGAINST BY THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO., No Extra Charge for Ladies. No Medical Examination. Established 1849. Claims paid, £3,660,000. 64, OORNHIIiL, LONDON. A. VIAN, Secretary. HATS MICE IVICLESL& BEETLES, G W. Harrison, 22.CROSa ST Rcaoinc.-, »,3.bJ Kindly address replies, B. Dept. 32 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIC'LE. [JnLY 11, 1896. MESSENGER & CO. Contracts undertaken and Estimates given for WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, PLANT HOUSES, AND ALL KINDS of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. Gentlemen waited upon and Surveys made on payment of out-of-pocket expenses. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, With numerous Designs, post-free, 2a. HOBTICtTLTTJBAL BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, , LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE; London Office :— 96a, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. J. WEEKS AND CO., F.R.H.S., Telegraph — " lIonTULANus, London." CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. ™.p... No. 8728. CONSERVATORIES DESIGNED and BITILT to SUIT ADJACENT BUILDINGS. ORCHID HOUSES WITH ALL LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. PLANT AND FRUIT HOUSES FOR ALL PURPOSES. All Materials and Workmanship of the Best Quality. ALL RINDS of BOILERS, our Improved and other Valves, Hot-water Pipes, Castings, Connec- tions, and Fittings, at Lowest Retail Prices. The Patent "DUPLEX" Upright Tubular Boilers of all Sizes, conditionally Guaranteed foe Ten Yeaes. J. WEEKS & CO., F.R.H.S., Horticultural Builders and Hot- Water Apparatus Manufacturers^ CHELSEA, LONDON. S.^W^. JiiLV 11, 1896.] THE GABDENEJi'S' CJIL'OMCLE. 33 8<^^CAMBmDGE.-"3^^
  • d. each ; 15s. per dozen. Carriage and Packing free. Sample Blooms sent on payment of Postage. KENT and BRYDON, DAKLINGTON. BETABDED ULYOFTHE VALLEY CROWNS!! Writo for Prices to— T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DERSINGHAM, NORFOLK. PAULS' ROSES. WM. PAUL AND SON invite inspection of their ROSES NOW COMING INTO BLOOM. There may be seen at these Nurseries all the most desirable old and new Roses, including many sorta of their own raising, which are not yet to be feen elsewhere. The flowering will continue throughout the summer and autumn. The Hardy Pictorial Trees aud Shrubs. Climbing and Herbaceous Plants, Fruit Trees, &c., in great variety, are now in fine condition. PAULS' NURSERIES. WALTHAM CROSS. South entrance, four minutes* walk from Waltham Cro« Station. G E.R. : West entrance, three minutes' walk from Theobald's Grove Station, G.E R. THE SATUBDAY, JULY 11, 1896. ROSES AND ROSE SHOWS. "PARTICULAR interest attaches to the exhi- -*- bitious of Roses during the present season, from the extraordinary character of the weather during the pa.-.t few months. Rarely has there been a season when the prospects, from a rosa- rian's point of view, have fluctuated from week to week, as during the present year. The winter was also a remarkable one, and Rose-lovers had occasion to congratulate each other at its close upon the excellent condition of their plants, few of which had been injured in the least. The season was commenced therefore under very en- couraging conditions, directly opposed to those prevalent at the same date in lf<9.5. The spring had hardly dawned upon us, before these favourable circumstances were superseded by others far less pleasing. The drought which has proved to be a long one had commenced, and its deleterious effect was increased by the cold, dry, eastern winds that prevailed for weeks. It was only too evident that against llus combination of evils Roses could not combat without very serious loss, and anxiety quickly replaced the feeling of satisfaction so general previously. Blight was soon the consequence of the drought and east winds, and when at last the chilling winds decreased, there followed exceedingly bright sunshine, which the Roses, with their roots in dry soil, and their vitality already weakened, could not enjoy, and by which their ultimate chance of blooming well was increasingly decreased. For the greater part of the time latterly, there has been little in the Rose garden to cheer an amateur on the look-out for blooms worthy of the exhi- bition-table, and that he might hope would pos- sibly be rewarded by a National Society's Silver Medal. The shows have been less good than in many previous seasons, but to those who have been engaged to even a limited extent in their cultivation this has been no matter for surprise. The Reading exhibition has been already described in these pages, and is the subject of further remarks below. At the Crystal Palace on Saturday last, the display was not equal in quality or extent to the exhibition hold there in 1895. Growers were less able to exhibit well on this occasion than at Reading; but what was the southern growers' misfortune was also the northern growers' opportunity to excel, and Messrs. Harkness & Sons .succeeded in capturing the trophy, and the north secured other good classes and distinctions. Nevertheless, the 2nd prize in the nurserymen's large class was won by Mr. Frank Cant, Colchester, albeit there were other collections from the north, candidates for the prize. Generally the Teas were much below average size, and very few good blooms were staged. It was difficult to find a Rose in this section 34 TRE GAB DENE RS' C HE ONI CLE. [Jdlt 11, 1896. among the nurserymen's classes worthy of the Society's Silver Medal, and the bloom of Inno- cente Pirola, to which the medal was eventually awarded, was comparatively a poor one. Eoses that have done weU such a season as the pre- sent are good ones for planting against a simi- larly unfortunate year, and in the report of the show, the best blooms in all the classes are indicated. Other Eose shows have been numerous. The Eoses in connection with the Wolverhampton Floral Fete were better than we had expected to 8ee them, but less good and less numerous than last year. The class for seventy-two blooms was won by the firm who secured the trophy at the Crystal Palace. The Eev. J. H. Pemberton has been remarkably successful at most shows, and at Wolverhampton took all the best prizes in the amateurs' classes. At this show there were about 1900 blooms staged. The National So- ciety's exhibition at Ulverston and a few other northern Eose shows have still to be held. Twmly-four distinct Rosa.— The 1st pri/.e in this class went to Slougli, the winner being Mr. Chas. Turner of the Roy.il Nunseries. The quality of the exhibit was good, the only failing being in regard to the size of bloom. The varieties were Marie Verdier, Xavier Olibo, Her Majesty, Earl of Dufferin, Mrs. John Laing (good), Beauty of Waltham (good), Marchioness of Dufferin, Alfred Colomb. 2nd row : Duke of Fife, Black Prince, Gabriello Luizet, E. Y. Teas, G. Piganeau, Reynolds Hole, Heinrich Schultheies, UlrichBrun- ner, Chas. Darwin, Marie Baumann, Mrs. Harkness. Victor Hugo, Dr. Andry, Pride of Reigate, Maurice Bemardin, and The Bride. Snd, Messrs, Jas. Tow.n-send & Sons, Lower Broadheath, Worcester : Alfred Coloml), Prince Arthur, and Niphetos, were good : Mr. John Mattock, Oxford, w,as 3rd, There were four other competitors. Twenttz-four distinct Trebles.— Messrs. Prior & Son-; won with a collection of moderate quality : Messrs. G. & W. H. Bdbch were 2nd ; and Messrs, Jas. Townsexd & Sons, 3rd, Twelve cUslinct Soses of varieties, raisetl by Messrs. A. Dickson se between Ist and 2nd. O. G. Orpen, Esq., Colchester, was s\iccessful with The Bride (Silver Medal Tea', Grand Mogul, Madame Cusin, Madame do Wattevillo, Ulrich Brunner, Madame Hoste. Gabriello Luizet, Catherine Mermet, K. A. Victoria. Ernest Metz, Brides- maid, and Maman Cochet. Mr. H. Adamsos, South End, Bedalo, was 2nd, having some good blooms in Comtesse de Nadaillac, Mrs. J. Laing, A. K. Williams, and Fisher Holmes ; Dr. Tccker, Swanley, :md Mr. Whittle, Leicester, were awarded 3rd and 4th respectively. Six blooms of any Rote excfpt Tensor Noisettes. — Mr. R. L. Lanoton, Raymead, Hendon, won with Mrs. J. Laing ; Dr. Tccker, Swanloy. was 2nd, with the same variety ; Mr. E. Morris, East Bond Street, Leicester, 3rd, with Alfred Colomb ; and Mr. K.H. Gifeord, Holyrood, Streatham, 4th, with Mrs. J. Laing. In an extra open Class for eighteen Stngtest the Vcitch Memorial Medal and £5 was awarded to P. C. Burna>d, Esq., Reigate, who staged Baroness Rothschild, S. M. Rodo- canachi, M. deLyon, Ulrich Brunner, Her Majesty, Rosieriste Jacobs, Lord F. Cavendish, Mrs. J. Laing, Annie Wood, E. Y. Teas. A. Colomb. C. Testout, Earl of Dufferin, Mrs. S. G. S. Crawfonl, Madame Cusin, Gabriclle Luizet, and Duke of Edinburgh. R. E. West, Esq., Reigate. had a good Comtesse dc Nadaillac, Dr. Andry, and Abel Can-i^re in his 2nd prize stand ; Mr. A. Slaughter, Steyning, being :ii-d. Thf Dick-mn Challenge Cap, for six varieiks sent out by Messrs. A. Dickson ik Sons, Newtou:aai-d.i, was won by E, B. Likdsell, E.^q , Hitchin, who had Helen Keller, Earl of Dufferin, Marchioness of Londonderrj', Mrs, S. Crawford, Muriel Grahame. and Margaret Dickson ; the Rev. J, H. Pemberton w;is 2nd ; and H. V. Maohi.v, Esq., 3rd. For six singUs. open only to Amateurs who have never won a prize at the N. R. S. Exhiititions.—'iit. A. Munt. Hedgerley, near Slough, was 1st. with Innocente Pirola, G. Piganeau, C. Testout. C. de Nadaillac, Madame Cusin, and Edith Gifford ; Mr. H. Adamson, South End, Bodale, a good 2nd ; Mr. G. A- Hammond, Cambrian House, Burgess Hill, and Mr, A. C. Gifford, Selhurst, 3rd and 4th. A second class for six, but open only to memba's uko Itave oined since the previous Crtfttal Palace Show, found Mr. E. Croft-Murrav, Perivale, Ryde, in front with Ulrich Brunner, F. Krtlger, Catherine Mermet, C. de Nadaillac, Cleopatra, and Madame H. Jamain. Mrs. E. C. Simpson, Wray Park, Reigate; and Mr. R. Cook, Stourbridge Park, N.W., following. A piece of plate offered for six singles grovm teithin 8 miles of Charing Cross was secured by Mr. R. H. Lanoton, Raymead, Hendon, with good examples of S. >L Rodocanachi, Her Majesty, Marie Baumann, Mrs. J. Laing, A. K. WilUams, and Mrs. R. G. S. Crawford. K. H. Gifford. Esq., Holy- rood, Streatham; and E. R. Smith, Esq., Wellford Lodge, Muswell Hill, followed in like order. NEW ROSES. The Rev. J, H. Pemberton won in the class for six new Roses with Captain Hayward, Mrs. R. G. S. Crawford, Char- lotte Guillemot, C. Gater, Marchioness of Downshire, and Helen Keller. Mr. J. Bateman, Rose Vale, Highgate, being 2nd. TEA AND NOISETTE SECTION. Th" flowers in this division were by no means up to the standard seen at Reading, and in the Trophy class were very weak. ■ The Trophy and Gold Medal were won by O- G. Orpen, Esq., Colchester, for the following eighteen varieties : — Innocente Pirola, Bridesmaid, Anna Olivier, Madame Cusin, The Jride. Maman Cochet, Souvenir d'un Ami, Catherine Sfermet, Madame H. Jamain, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Host©, Ethel Brownlow, Cornelia Koch, 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 11, 1898. Edith Gitford. Marie V. Houtte, Sylph, Etoile de Lyon, and Souvenir tVElise Vurdon. The 2nd prize stand, from C. J. Gkahame, Esq., Leatherhpad, contained good Conitease de Nadnillac. Ernest Metz, Maman Coc'iet, and Innocents Pirola. The Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, Ipswich, was 3rd, only tV'O others competing. Twcin single blooms, dUfi7icl.—0. G. Orpen, Esq., was also 1st in this class; Mr. A. Tate, Downside, Leatherhead, and H. V. JIacbin, Esq., Worksop, following. Th' piece of plale for right tiebhs was secured by C. J. Obahame, Esq., Leatberhead :— The Eride, Maman Cochet, I" nocente Pirola, Comtesse de Panisse, Madame Cusin, ("omtesse de Kadaillac. Etbcl Brownlo*, and Francisca Kriiger ; Mr. W. Boves. 30. Dufficld Road, Derby, and the Rev. A. Foster Melli A K, Ir-swiih, 2nd and 3rd. Nine blooms of (I III/ T'ff Of Niiistlfe.—'Mr. G' ahame was 1st with Maman Cochet : Mr. 0.0. Orpes 2od, with Madame (-'usin ; ai d Mr. H. V. Machin 3rd, with the same variety as the winner. I'l a divifion o/jen to grrwers of/ttrer thoa 500 plants, the 1st prize for twelve dialinct varieties went to Mr. J. Parkeb, Old Headi gton, for Jean Ducher, Madame Hoste, Souvenir dun Ami, C. de Nadaillac. E. Brownlow, The Bride, Cathe- rine Mermet, E. de Lyon. E JUtz. C. Kuster, Princess of Wales, and Souv. nir de S. A. Prince ; Mr. Conwav-Tones, Hucclecote, Gloucester, 2nd. A^iHf single blooms, tl-stijtd.—'Mr. R, H. LANOtoN, Hendon, was in front with Cleopatra, Nirhetos, Maman Cochet, G. de Nadaillac, Madame de Watteville, E. Brownlow, Madame Cu^in, Innocente Pirola. pnd Souvenir d'un Ami ; Mrs. E. Croft Murray, Perivalc. Ryde, .and Miss Baker, Holmfels, Reigate, were 2nd and 3rd. Nine blooms, distinct, from growers of f^r,r Ihoii 200 j.lants, were best frooi W. D. Fre^hfielp, Esq.. Cleopatra, C. Kuster, C. Mermet, Mrs. .T. Wilson, Mar<5ch blooms of ony Tai or Noisette. — Mr. C'onwav-JiiNes won with Niphetos, Mr. J. Parker w;is 2nd with C. de Nadaillac, and Mr. R. H. Lakgton 3rd with Innocente Pirola. 7a on extra class for nine bunche'^, siren tri'sses to a bunch, "SU: J. Parker, Old Headington, beat Mr. H. V. Machin, Worksop. GARDEN ROSES. .V Silver Cup presented fiir eighteen bunches of distinct varieties in a space 5 feet by 3 feet, was won by H. V. Machin, Esq , who staged a very pretty lot. The most p'easing were macrantha. The Pet Maiden's Blush, Thoresbyana, Cecile Brunner, Madame P. Ducher, and Bardon Job. In the second stand, which ran Mr. Machin very close indeed, Mr. .\. Tate, Leatherhead, had Hebe's Lip, Perle d'Or. macrantha, moscbata nivea, and Gloire des Ro:omanes (good). The Rev. J. H. Pemberton. Havering-atte Bower, was in front for a stand of nine bunches, Polyantha, Madame Georges Rniant, Marquiic de Salisbury, and Leopoldine d'OrliSans beintr excellent. Mrs. D G. Nesfield, Speldhurst, Kent and Miss Mellish, Hodsock Priory, Worksop, wt're 2nd and 3rd. MEDiL ROSES. Considerable diflicully was experienced before the judges could aw .rt the medals. Flowers of exceptional merit were scarce. In the amateur's classes the Medals were awarded to the Bride, shown by O. G. Orpen, Esq. ; and Her Majestv from H. V. Machin, Fs.|.. Woiksop. La Duchesse de Moiily gained the Medal for II. -P. in the nurserymen's classes and Innocente Pirola lor Tens or Noisettes. The former wis shown by Mr. li. K. Cant in CI.a.ss I., and the latter by Messrs. Harkness & Son also in Class I. MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBIT.*. Tl e largest of the V-oiit.rary exhibits was made by .Mcfsis Jno. Laino & Soiis, Forest Hill, London, S.E This firm bal a large group of choice plants arranged to fine effect. Cala- diums. Begonias, Ciotons, Kerns, Nepenthes, an ) other siic'h subjects being well shown. A birge display of cut Roses Pinks, Caniations, Gladiolus, and general hardy flowers was also contributed by Messrs. L inc. Messrs. Geo. Jackman &, Son, Woking, exhibited cut Roses and Pinks; Messrs. Carter &, Co., High Iloiborn Sweet Peas and other hardy fl wers ; Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, hardy flowers and 'Violas; Mr. E. G. Fostbr Brotkhanipton Nursery. Havant. a collection of Sweet Peas' .Mr. J!. Pritcharp, Christchurch. :m excellent collection of hirdy flowers; and Messrs. Wallace A- Co., Colchester, an exhihit of Calochoitus, and numerous Lilies, .fee. A. F. W. HAVWARn, Esq , exhibited a collection of seven choice paintings in oU, six of which represtnted Roses and one of them Pansies. The Society showed its appreciation of the qinlity of these by the bestowal of a Silver Medal NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY, READING. This town has long been a centre of horti- cultural interest ; half a century ago growers of the show Pelargonium regarded it with favour, for there Mr. Hoyle, whose flowers remain in our catalogues to the present day, made those marvellous improvements iti con- junction with Mr. Forster of Clewer which made the flowers so popular that the prices of novelties ranged from two guineas up to five guineas. Here, too, arose that exten- sive seed establishment of Messrs. Sutton & Sons, whose world-'wide connection has made Reading known all over the civiHsed world. Of late years, too, the lovers of that old-fashioned flower, the Auricula, haveturned their thoughts towards Reading, as some of our best growers hail from there. When, then, the National Rose Society received the invitation to hold its southern exhibition there this year, I felt pretty sure that everything would be done to make it a success. In the neighbourhood, too, we knew that we had two very active members of our society, the Rev. Alan Cheales and Mr. J. T. Strange. So we looked forward -with light hearts to the exhibition-day ; but the only question was, would it be a fine day ? for as the exhibition was to be held in the open air, this was indispensable. Happily, although there was some little threatening in the morn- ing, the day proved very fine ; and as the arrangements were all that could be desired, carried out as they were by the Secretary and other members of the com- mittee, headed by their chairman, Mr. Ferguson "all went merry as a marriage- bell." The creature-comforts of the judges, I xhibitors, and officials were admirably attended to, for Mr. Ferguson had invited them to par- take of an excellent luncheon, and the hospi- tality with which they were welcomed will not soon be forgotten. The show was held in the old Abbey ruins, and as the surface was undu- lating, it reminded one of the Royal IJotanic Society's shows in the Regent's Park, and cer- tainly a more charming position could hardly be imagined. The grey walls of the ruins enclosed the exhibition-ground, while a canvas coveiing gave that subdued light under which Roses look so well. As you have already given a list of the winners, I shall, instead of going over the same ground again, put forward a few salient points which I think worthy of note. Our Rose shows have often been decried on account of their formality, but this exhibition I think, showed the impossibility of avoiding this ; here was an undulating space, o-reen grass, various plants and flowers, but you could not get rid of the stiff' formal boxes, nor do I see how it can be done, for as the flowers must be shown to the best advantage and so arranged that they can be seen on all sides, I think it passes the wit of man to devise any more effective method than that which has been in use for so many years. The banks also were very pretty, but as many of the Roses were lower down than the line of vision, it was not so easy for persons with short sight and stiff backs to see them as when they were on stages. The anticipations which had been formed with regard to the character of the flowers was, I think, fully borne out ; no one expected very large flowers, and certainly, as a whole, they were undersized. The Teas were not shown at their best ; probably the cold weather of May and the early part of June had interfered with them, and when Roses are a long time in coming out, they are never fully up to the mark. As usual, East Anglian growers were to the front, and the two firms of Cant and the Priors exhibited some fine flowers, as did also Messrs. Harkness of Bedale and Hitchin ; while amongst amateurs Mr. E. B. Lindsell, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Mr. Orpen, and Mr. Charles J. Grahame had some excellent flowers, and yet with all that, there was not much of very superior character. I should pro- bably name Mr. B. R. Cant's forty-eight, the Rev. J. H. Pembprton's box, which won the coveted Sutton Prize, and Mr. Prioi-'s box of Horace Vernet, as amongst the best in the show. There was certainly an absence of very new Roses, and many of those whose names have been before the Rose-growing public as claimants for particular notice were conspicuous by their absence. The medal Roses were, as they ought to be, good ; Messrs. Hark- ness & Sons' A. K. Williams being a good example of that old flower; while Mr. B. R. Cant's Maman Cochet fully deserved the medal which it obtained. Mr. Orpen, who has a knack of showing medal Roses, won in the amateur's class with Kaiserin Augusta Victoria and Madame Hoste, the former as a hybrid Tea, and the latter as a Tea, but I always stand very tnuch in doubt as to whether the former is dis- tinct enough from the Teas, for it certainly has verj' little of the hybrid in it. Another excellent feature of the show was the exhibition of garden Roses ; exhibitors have realised the fact that it is not sufficient to have bunches of bright and pretty flowers, but that they must be tastefully arranged, and not all "jammed " down together. The collection shown by Messrs. Cooling & Son was an admirable example of careful and tasteful arrangement ; many, however, of some of otir prettiest single Roses were over. It is always difficult to have them late in June, and the early character of this season made the difficulty greater. Noticeable amongst Mr. Cooling's lot was a beautiful group of Marquise de Salisbury, a brilliant Hybrid Tea, and one of the most effective of our new garden Roses. Messrs. Paul & Sons of Cheshunt had also an excellentcollection, tastefully arranged, amongst which their single Carmine pillar showed up brightly. Mr. H. V. Machin also showed excel- lently ; indeed, he has been one of the chief pioneers in the more tasteful arrangement of garden Roses, while probably his more northern position in this foiward season is much in hia favour. I have many complaints on this score ; one grower writes to me, " All my Roses were over three weeks ago ; " while another said to me at Reading, "I doubt whether I shall have anything for the Crystal Palace. I fear this is my first and last appearance for the National." Although there were no sensational blooms, such as we have seen in former years, a con- siderable number of the old favourites were exhibited in good form. Marie Van Houtte, Innocente Pirola, Edith Giftord, and Com- tesse Nadaillac were well shown amongst Teas; while Marie Batimann, Duchesse de Morny, Count de Baimbaud, and A. K. Wil- liams, were also well shown, so that not- withstanding the additions made to our lists in late years, the older varieties must still hold their ground. Of the Irish-raised Roses, Mar- garet Dickson was the best, and the season seems to have suited it, as I find most persons speaking well of it this year. There is no one, I think, who visited Reading that will not carry away with them pleasant reminiscences of this visit of the National ; everything was done to tnake it successful, and one can only hope that the fillip which has been given to Rose growing in this flourishing town may result in a wider appreciation and more extended cultivation of the queen of flowers IFtYrf Rose. July 11, 1896.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. 37 miSH-EAISBD EOSES. FKWKRthan two decades ago we were almost entirely dependent upon Continental growers for our supply of new Roses. Then came a rush of English- raised varieties ; so much so, that we annually look forward to the new introductions from home-firms. When the late Mr. H. Bennett turned his attention to the systematic crossing of Roses, with such excellent results as Earl of Pembroke, Hein- rich Schultheiss, Her Majesty, Mrs. John Laing, Cleopatra, Princess Beatrice, Princess of Wales, Grace Darling, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Viscountess Folkestone, and others, we were fast becoming com- paratively independent of French and German raisers. In 1887, Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, Ncwtownards, Ireland, sent out three grand Roses in Miss Ethel Brownlow, Lady Helen Stewart, and Earl of Dufferin. Ethel Brownlow has more than once carried off the Medal as being the best Tea-scented Kose in the exhibition of the National Rose Society. If memory serves me correctly. Earl of DufiFerin has done the same. Caroline D'Arden and Lady Castlereagh in 1888 have not turned out such complete successes as the rest of the Irish Roses, but the following year we had a grand Tea in Mrs. James Wilson, a good Hybrid Perpetual in Lady Arthur Hill, and a fair Rose in Mr. James Brownlow. Jeannie Dick- son, and T. W. Girdlestone are decidedly the best of 1890, the 6rst-named being a grand Rose. Margaret Dickson, in the following year, was not thought very highly of this side of St. George's Channel until it was seen in 1894, when the season just suited it. Since that time it has been a constant Rose with us, and is decidedly one of our very best light-coloured Roses. This was the first one to secure the coveted honour of the Gold Medal pre- sented by the National Rose Society for any new Rose, a prize that is ouly awarded to those of really sterling merit, and which it gained the year previous to introduction. There is a wonderful contrast in the growth of this Rose and Marchioness of Dufferin, its companion in 1891. The first not infrequently produces shoots 12 feet long and upwards, flowering throughout their entire length when pegged down ; but the second is decidedly moderate in growth, albeit, still a grand Rose. Once the ice was broken as regards the Gold Medals for new Roses, Messrs. Dickson won with Margaret Dickson in 1890, with Marchioness of Duflferin in 1891, Mrs. W. J. Grant in 1892, Marchioness of Londonderry and Mrs. Sharman Crawford in 1893, Marchioness of Downshire in 1894, and Helen Keller in 1895. Cards of Commendation were given in the same year for Countess of C.-iledon, Muriel Grahame, and Lady Mozru Beauclerk, all three of which the writer fully expects to see awarded the higher honour at the forthcoming shows. In 1893, we only had one Rose from Newtownards, viz.. Marchioness of Londonderry, a clear ivory-white of immense size and substance. Next year gave us Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford. I cannot say enough of this Rose. In my opinion, it is one of the best half-a-dozen Roses out of over 2000 varieties now in cultivation. Always good, whether the season be bad or not, and like that other grand introduction by Mr. H. Bennett — Mrs. John Laing — is sure to be in every collection. Marchioness of Downshire, of the same year, is also a good Rose, and with me is at present ■very good, both upon maidens and cutbacks ; 1895 gave us Jtrs. W. J. Grant, syn. Belle Siebrecht. This won the Gold Medal at Chester in 1892. Messrs. Dickson, having sold the entire stock to an American firm, the latter elected to distribute it under the name of Belle Siebrecht, a measure which has been justly condemned on this side of the Atlantic seeing that it had, some three years previously, been already certificated under the name chosen by the r.xisers, and this by what is undoubtedly the highest Rose authority in the world. I was much struck with this Rose at Chester in 1892, and pre- dicted a grand future. The delay in sending it out to the public was not so much on account of its being sold by the raisers, as an accident to the vessel in which the entire stock was consigned. In fact, for some little time it w.is doubtful if the few plants secured would recover from the effects ; and even now I trust to see it develop more vigour as time goes on, and the exce.ssive strain of propagation is re- moved. It has the good characteristics of producing its blooms upon very upright stems, retaining its shape from bud to expansion, and being one of the most distinct and clear pinks we have. Last year also gave us Helen Keller, a bold and well-formed flower of a bright rosy cerise, and most distinct. Mavourneen, a silvery-white flesh ; and Marjorie, white, flushed ' with salmon-pink, are also of 1895. This year we have Muriel Grahame, a sport from that grand Tea, Catherine Mermet, which has given us The Bride, Waban, and others of great and tried merit. This is a pale cream, witli a slight flush of rose, and will most decidedly be one of our grandest Teas. Tom Wood and Ellen Drew, two eorapanions to Muriel Grahame, mil no doubt keep up the reputation of this firm. I have had exceptional opportunities to form an opinion upon the newer Irish-raised Roses, seldom missing either of the tlireo annual exhibitions of the National Rose Society since its formation, and growing each variety in fairly large numbers as soon as procurable. One more remark about these Roses. Last year at the National Rose Society's exhibition at the Crystal Palace, the first-prize stand for twelve new Roses contained no fewer than ten raised at New- townards, .and we must remember that the term " new " only includes those put into commerce within the recent three years. I have my notes before me, and the ten consisted of Mrs, R. G. Sharman Craw- ford, Shamrock, Avoca, Marchioness of Downshire, Tom Wood, Lady Mozra Beauclerk, Marchioness of Londonderry, Helen Keller, Mavourneen, and Muriel Grahame ; the two from other sources being Captain Hayward and La Fraicheur. The only awards for new Roses went to the same firm. A Gold Medal for Helen Keller, and Cards of Commendation for three others. The first prize for any new Rose (twelve blooms), was taken by Mrs. Sharman Crawford, and the two following prizes by Marchioness of London- derry and Jeannie Dickson ; all three being raised and distributed by Messrs. A. Dickson k Sons, and this was also the'c.ase in the previous year. When we remember that these Roses had to be cut some thirty hours and travel .about 600 miles before being staged, need I say more about the undoubted excellence of the Irish Roses in every respect? A. Piper. GATTON PARK. This fine estate of 1000 acres, purchased in 1888, by Jeremiah Colman, Esq., is situated near Merstham, in a charming part of the county of Surrey. The mansion, of fine proportions, com- mands charming views of hill and dale from all sides, some of which were blocked out by trees till Mr. Milner, who was employed to lay-out and re- model the gardens, opened them. On hie acquisition of the estate, Mr. Colman lost no time in putting everything about it in perfect order, making a beginning with the house, which is now architecturally beautiful, whereas formerly it was a plain and angular structure. The Marble Hall, wliich it is estimated cost £100,000, and in which the rarest marbles from the Baths of Caracella, and other matchless marbles, are employed, has been largely added to by Mr. Colman. It is his intention to erect a Palm-house in which to grow large specimens of these and other species of plants of service in decorating these immense halls, small plants being lost to view in them, and affording a very insignificant effect. From the terrace looking towards Nutfield, Redhill, and Reigate on one side, there are exquisite views, and the estate itself affords a beautiful foreground to the picture. Here are remai'ked stately Beeches, Oaks, and Elms ; giant Hollies, Tews, clumps of huge Cedars of Lebanonare objects whichafibrd the chief beauty and grandeur of the picture. A chain of lakes lies in the bottom, increasing in size till thegreatone at the lowest point is reached. Walks bordered with shrubs and gay with flowers, skirt the banks of these pieces of water. Here, as in other gardens, it has been found that the Rhododeudi-ons which usually make such a brilliant display, have not lasted in beauty for so . Ipng a period of time as in other years, , and the duration of the flowers and those of the hardy Azaleas has been transient. The quaint old Town Hall is situated beneath a giant Chestnut near the house, and there in the times when Gatton used to return two members of Parliament, the said members were nominated, and here also was many a festive scene enacted. Close by are the remains of an old covered way, which formerly led to the mansion, which are now turned into a grotto and rockery ; and not only at this spot, but throughout the grounds, many remains of former times are to be noticed. The rosary within neatly-clipped Yew hedges was bright with Roses ; the beds of Iris, which are great favourites hero, were well furnished with bloom ; the broad borders of hardy herbaceous plants being gay witli flowers in season. These borders are found in the kitchen-garden and other parts of the place, and they afi'ord a brilliant floral display and fine source whence to gather flowers for the decoration of the rooms. The Glass-houses. Those houses which existed when the estate was acquired were of little use for gardening as carried on under modern methods, and the Beeston firm of Messrs. Foster & I'earson was entrusted with the erec- tion of new structures, a work they h.ave so far carried out in excellent manner, but which is far from being completed, the old range of vineries, &c , being only at the present time in course of demoli- tion, in order to make space for the new ones. Orchids have for some time past been gaining favour at Gatton, and the successful manner in which they are cultivated by Mr. King, the gardener, well warrant the increased accommodation which it is intended to afford this class of plants. There exists a commodious house filled with vigorous, thriving plants of Odonto- glossum, Masdevallia, and other species of cool-house Orchids, among which in bloom or in bud were numbers of very fine 0. crispum, 0. Pescatorei, Mas- devallias, with high-coloured flowers ; a few of Cochlioda Noezliana, of Oncidium macranthum, of 0. incurvum, of Odontoglossum cirrosum, kc. Here also is one of the largest plants of Sophronitis grandifloi-a in the country. The largest Orchid-house is chiefly filled with plants of Cattleya and La;lia, all of which are in excellent condition, and in some of those which were pur- chased a few years ago as established plants from different collections, increased vigour is noticeable every year since they have been at Gatton. The followiug were remarked in flower:— Cattleya Gas- kelliana, which is one of the freest of the varieties of summer-flowering C. labiata, as the old autumn- flowering form is of the late-flowering ones ; some excellent C. Mossia;, Lailia tenebrosa, L;clio-CattIeya X Schilleriana, &c. The plants of Miltonia vexillaria and M. Roezlii are wonderfully thrifty, a plant of a good variety of the former having ten flower- spikes, and some of the latter prodvice their large fragrant blooms with freedom. Suspended overhead were fine plants of Odontoglossum citrosmum having long i-acemes of flowers, that named 0. c. punctatissi- mum being a beautiful, rose-tinted flower, large, and profusely furnished with purple-coloured spots. In bloom were Dendrobium Brymerianum, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, C. barbatum, C. hirsutissimum, Sobralia macrantha, and a few other species. In several other houses, not entirely devoted to Orchids, some species of plants hkely to succeed under the same conditions are accommodated. In one large warm house, for instance, were plants of Stephanotis floribunda, scarlet-flowered Hibiscus, and tbe night- blooming Cactus in flower on the back wall ; and arranged with Anthuriums, Clerodendron Balfourii, and other stove plants, were Dendrobiums perfecting their growth, a very fine specimen of the large yellow- flowered Sobralia xantholeuca, and a few other Orchids of large gi-owth, in good condition. The front of this house was taken up with Crotons, Dracscnas, &c., while fine plants of Nepenthes were suspended above them. In a small house, the roof of which is covered 38 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [JrLi n, 189-6. with t ailing stems of the Cucumber, were growing varieties of Calanthe, in course of preparation for winter flowering ; some very fine plants of Cattleya TriaDffii, C. labiata, and other semi-established Orchids. At the end ot another house, in which was a good crop of Tomatos, and a number of flowering plants of Gardenias, were j.anfuls of Ccclogyne cristata, &c., and in other houses are specimens, which from time to time get shifted about to wherever they may be expected to succeed— a plan which, where sensibly carried out, greatly adds to the longevity of many species. Ultimately, it is intended to divert the old Odon- togloSBum-house, which was found to be unsuitable the evidences of former grandeur and vigour etiil remain, so far as many of the fruit-trees are concerned, decaviug, it is true, but still interesting and useful. One healthy old giant as a wall-tree is truly remark- able, viz., a U'edale's St. Germain Pear, the main stem of which is of immense size, and the horizontally - trained branches extend exactly 100 feet. It is difficult to name the time which this fine old tree must have occupied its present situation, but it must be considerably over 100 years, and during that period of time whit changes in the methods pursued in the garden must have taken place ! The old Apricot-walls, too, have middle : tapering thence towards both ends they are, as the specific name denotes, rbomboidat or lozenge- shaped. They are dark-green, with a tinge of purple when young, 'and before falling in autumn become a fine bronzy - purple. The flowers, which appear whilst the shrub is still leafless, are borne in pairs ; individually they measure 2 inches in diameter, the petals being oblong and rounded at the apex. The colour is purple, with a certain amount of rose in it, but approaches nearer the blue side of the colour- scale than any other hardy Azalea. It is a native of Japan, and was first discovered in the mountain forests of the island of Niphon. When fully grown Pig. 9. — khododendroh kho.mbicum : colour of plowebs purplb and rose. for cool-house Orchids, and which now contains Gloxini.is, Adianturns, and snail stock of various kinds, to the culture of Cattleyas ; and when the contemplated new Tea-Rose-house is finished, the house in which the Roses now are may be arranged as an intermediate-house. The greenhouse range is bright with Pelargoniums, Souvenir de la Malmaison Carnations, and other florists' flowers ; and all parts of the garden are neat, anrl in a well-kept condition, notwithstanding the work connected with renovation and re-building now in progress. The Kitchen Gardens. These are extensive, and consist of two classes — the large modernised one in which everything is done iu the best manner ; and the old gardens, in which some very remarkable trees — still very prolific, and ancient specimens of other kinds of fruit-trees are plentiful. In one of the walled-in gardens a large number of Chrysanthemums in splendid condition was observed. RHODODENDEON RHOMBICUM. Although an extremely rare species in European gardens, this Rhododendron has for many years past been growing in the arboretum at Kew. There is one specimeu there — a bush about 4 feet high, which flowers freely in April every year. The species belongs to the Azalea group, and is allied to the charming R. Schlippenbachii (see fig. 87, p. 561, of last volume). It is deciduous, its largest leaves being 2 inches long, and 1^ inches wide at the it is perfectly hardy, and ripens seed freely, but, like- many other Japanese plants, it is tender when young, and its rarity, no doubt, is due in a great measure to the seedUngs being liable to be killed during winters of even ordinary sevsrity. Whilst they are in nur- sery quarters, a thick layer of dry leaves ought to be spread over the ground during winter, and a rough framework to support a few mats during the severest weather is advisable. Less protection is needed as the stems become more woody, and after they are 12 or 18 inches high, none is needed. The large plant at Kew, from which our illustration was taken (fig. 9), is never protected, and such frosts even as those of February, 1895, did not injure a single twig. The species was given an Award of Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society on April 24, 1894. W. J. B. Jolt 11, 1896;] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 39 L.ELIA PUEPURATA ASH- WOETHIANA, New Vae. This superb variety (fig. 10) differs from all others in cultivation, not only in the superb coloration of the lateral petals, partitioned with bold white stripes, but in their abnermal breadth. It was described at p. TSS, col. c, and at p. 750, col. a, and w« DOW add the following particulars sent by Mr. Ashworth. " I measured the flower and found -as follows: width of petals, 1 J- inch x 3 inches long, margdned with white from centre of petals to the base of column ; also white stripe J inch wide in centre of each petal half-way up ; colour purplish- rose, with atripea as dark as the lip. Petals stand out at about fairly tenacious loam, sweet and fibrous, in which Grape-growers generally so much delight, the Grape culture here would have called for no special comment. But Mr. Bury did not select this sandy soil originally for the purpose named ; the vineries, which are locally known as "Petersham," had been built and planted a few years previously to his taking possession of them, and it is very easy to understand that he did so with some doubt, as he bad been for thirteen years previously gardener at Tewkesbury Lodge, Forest Hill, where he was a most successful Grape grower, and took, as an exhibitor, numerous first and other prizes in the best competitions. But Grape growing in private places, especially where special attention is given to Fia. 10. — L«LIA PURTURAT.i ASHWORTHIAXA. andria share equally one house, and Alicante and Gros Colmar the other. Oddly enough, the heating- power being all at one end of the pair of houses, the Muscats in one case, and the Gros Colmar in the other ; both varieties most needing heat were planted at the remoter ends. The site of the vineries is very sheltered, and the soil naturally warm ; so that, oc the whole, both Muscats and Colmars, in spite of the drawbacks mentioned, ripen remarkably well. List year, when I saw the Muscats, they had in ^-n imusual degree not only rich golden hue, but also that amber tint which characterised the Muscats Mr. Hinds, some years since, used to exhibit from oH the sandy soil of Minley Manor. It is not a new thing to learn that sand is advised to be applied as a dressing for borders in which Muscat Vines are growing ; indeed, tliere can be no doubt but that sand would constitute a very helpful mulch to many Vine Ijorders where the soil is hard or tenacious, and tending to sourness because too full of humus. Mr. Stephen Castle, a first-class Grape grower for market, not only always added sharp sand to his Muscat borders at Fortiingbridge, but also generally useili£ad. BROCCOLI. — It is now time in most localities that the mid-season and late varieties of Broccoli, should be planted ; but in very warm localities- planting may be left till the end of the present month, care being taken not to crowd the plants in the seed or nursery beds. It is a good practice where land is plentiful to make two or more plantings of Broccoli, and to sow or plant in different aspects ; the more open and exposed, the better the plants endure frost. I usually clear off a Strawberry-bed early in this month, and plant with Broccoli, without digging the ground, but hoeing it, and raking off the weeds and rubbish. Before setting out the plants, drills are chopped out with the hoe or spade to about 3 inches in deptli, and if the ground is too hard to allow of planting with the trowel or dibber, a crowbar is used to make the holes to receive the plants. Varieties of medium growth may stand at 2 feet apart each way, aud strong growers at 2.V feet. ASPARAGUS, — Next year's success will largely depend on the kind of treatment afforded during the next two months. It should be borne in mind that if land is allowed to become overrun with weeds, strong crowns will not form, and the shoots next year will be correspondingly weak. It is essential that the season's growth should be strong, and means should be taken to assist it by liquid manure applied once in fourteen days, and dressings of salt and artificial manure. The stems should be sup- ported in some kind of way, either with short- sprayed Pea-sticks stuck in around the stems, or by running lines of soft string along the rows at '2k to 3 feet from the ground, and securing the stems to these. If dry weather continue, afford water to the plants before and after applying the salt, &c, PEAS. — Although it is too late for sowing late Pi'as, early ones may still be sown. It is my practice to sow this last succession on a warm border, giving the preference to a dwarf variety of the Chelsea Gem type of Pea, such being easily protected from small birds with netting. Drills should be made of 6 inches in depth, and the seed covered to a depth of 3 inches, which leaves a shallow trench to hold water, and a mulch, if this last be necessary, but which may not be afforded before the Peas are 6 inches above ground. Al the mid-season and late Peas should be mulched and the ground well watered, appearances indicating a continuation of the dry weather, otherwise the crops will be light, especially on light soils. The mulch may consist of long or short manure, partly decayed leaves, even dry Bracken may be u.sed. but lawn-mowings may only be used if all other materials fail. One good watering .and a heavy mulch applied directly afterwards, is more beneficial than two waterings alone. VARIOUS, — Herbs coming into flower should be cut ami spread out to dry slowly in a shed : and in any ease a portion of each bed should be cut, if only to promote young growth, and the better wintering of the plants. Cut away the flower-spikes from Sorrel. Continue to plant out Cauliflowers for autumn use ; also Vegetable Marrows in spare corners, or in Potato pits and frames. The lights will not be required. Radish seed should be sown frequently in the coolest part of the garden ; when once ready they last but a few days, usable during hot weather, and these and saladicgs must be abundantly watered. FRUITS UNDER GXiASS. Bi4 W, Pope, Gartkiier, Hlghclerc Cattle, Newbury. PINE-APPLES, — As soon as a batch of strong suckers is obtainable, preparations for potting should be made, so that solar -heat may be utilised in affording them a good start, A steady bottom-heat not exceeding 95° will be required, and this is best provided by a bed of fermenting material, consisting of Oak or Beech leaves mixed with a small quantity of fresh stable litter. For potting-soil, use a rich fibrous loam, torn in pieces by the hand, pressing it firmly into the pots (which should be 5 or 6-inch ones for the largest suckers), and making it very firm round the base of the suckers, as doing this tends to speedier formation of roots, and sturdy foliage. ASbrd one thoro\igh watering, to settle the soi), and keep the frame rather close and moist til'i the emission of roots has commenced, whi-ch is determinable by growth commencing in the leaves. At this stage the plants should be inured to more light and a freer circulation of air, when the ordinary pinery treatment should be given them. When th» roots reach the sides of the pots, and before they become pot-bound, a shift should be afforded them, July U, 1896.] THE GAB DENE ES' CHRONICLE. 41 using a rather fresh fibrous loam, torn up roughly, discarding the finer particles ; a fair sprinkling of bone-meal, and charcoal if the loam be clayey. The pots used should be either new ones that have been immersed in water for a few hours, or quite clean old ones, and pot firmly. PEACHES AND NECTARINES, EARLIEST-FORCED. — See that the eirliest-forced trees get abundant root-waterings, and syringing morning and evening, so as to preserve the foliage fresh as long as possible. If the upper lights of the Peach-house are re- movable, they should now be taken off, so as to expose the treej to the weather. Pot-trees from which the fruit has been taken may be placed in an open situation out of doors, sheltering the pots from the direct action of the sun by plunging them in the soil or in other pota, &c. As the succession trees are cleared of their fruits, much of the old bearing wood should be cut away, and the growths thinned where crowded ; use the syringe freely to cleanse the foliage, anii maintain the borders in a thoroughly moist state. Should the wood be weak, and the trees show signs of exhaustion from overcropping or other causes, liquid-manure should be applied, and the wood well exposed to the light, and the foliage made healthy, so that the buds will be enabled to develop properly and strongly. The lateral or side shoots should be stopped at the first joint, unless the buds are in an advanced state, in which case lateral growth may be allowed to develop for a time. Trees with fruits now swelling should have their shoots stopped, tying back such of them as obstruct direct sun from reaching the fruits. Keep the borders moist, and mulch them with half-decayed stable-manure As an arid atmosphere is not desirable, even in a house with ripening fruit, available surfaces should be damped two or three times a day during hot weather. Afford plenty of ventilation during the day, and sufficient at night to ensure a due circulation of the air. UNHEATED HOUSES. — The trees in these houses will in most cases have finished stoning, and the final thinning may now take place, unless the trees are young and of great vigour. Apply liquid-manure copiously to the roots, keep the shoots thin, and secured to the trcUi:!, drying the trees thoroughly morning and afternoon, e.Kcept on wet or dull days, when the afternoon syringing may be dispensed with. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By JNO. MclNTVBfc:, Gardtiiicr, iVoadside, Dxrlviqton. THE CHRYSANTHEMUM.— The latent will by this date have been shifted for the last time ; " cut backs "' for forming bushes should have formed strong crowns ; and all the plants will have been placed out-of-doors to finish their growth. The usual seasonable pressure bein? now past in the plant- houses, more time will be at the disposal of the gardener for attending to the varied wants of his Chrysanthemum plants. From now on- wards is a critical time with these plants, and if the gardener aims at great excellence, in what- ever form his plants are grown, they should be care- fully staked, and the stakes should be sufficiently tall that uo shifting of stakes will becoue necessary. The plants should be placed in a sheltered yet open position, arraugmg them in straight lines on a bottom of coal-ashes, or if the walks in the kitchen garden are asphalted, they can be stood on these without anything else beneath them. Our plants ripen their wood and produce finer blooms stood on asphalte than on any other miterial. It is a good arrangement to have strong posts permanently fixed, a'ld furnished with rows of gal\-iuised iron wire, to which the plants, or rather the stakes, may be fastened. Earwigs commit much havoc in the summer months, and the Chrysanthemum grower must pay close attention to the work of catching them by hand. The bush-plants, if time permits, should now be staked, but passing green thread through the crown, so a-s to keep the .shoots in proper order. Done in this manner, bushes do not become a bundle of sticks, and they have a natural appear- ance. Side-shoots will need removal to throw the energies of the plant into the main-stems, and the production of flower-buds. No hard-and-fast line can be laid down to suit all varieties in regard to the most suitable time to " take the buds," and everv grower must determine this matter for himself Some few varieties produce the best blooms on the terminal bud ; but in the greater number of varieties the finest flowers come from crown-buds, and expe- rience alone can determine this point. In this garden we begin to take the buds in the first week in Aug'ut, and in the second week in September, and buds obtained later than this may turn to passable blooms, but they are of no use on the exhibition- table. If no exhibition-blooms are required, the best system to my mind is to grow three plants in one pot, cut them back at the end of the month of May, and allow three breaks to form on each plant— that is, nine shoots in all. From these take the terminal buds, and you will have nine fine flowers on each specimen, and the latter will be sufficiently large enough for most purposes, being dwarf in stature. If the plants were potted into sound materials they should not be aflorded manure till the soil is getting exhausted of its fertility. I afford manurial aids from the time of taking the buds till the flowers are about to expand. A collection of Chrysanthemums should be examined as to the state of the soil as regards moisture morning and evening, a serious check being given them by lack of water at the roots. Aphis must be rigorously kept in check with toba::co- powder MISCELLANEOUS.— At this season regular and constant attention should be given to keeping the various houses neat and the plants clean, and the arrangement occasionally changed in so far as regards the smaller portable plants. Do not allow seed to from on Fuchsia and Pelargonium plants, as it is bad for the plants, and gives them an uncared-for appearance. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. By 0. WooD«iTE, Gurdtntr, Rollattiti nail, Burlon-on-Trent. APPLE AND PEAR TREES— The chief work in the fruit garden which will now require considerable attention consists in the pruning of the bush, cordon, pyramid, and trained Apple and Pear-trees, taking the early varieties first, thinning; the fruit if it be too abuud.iut, and affording them w.iter copiously, with alternately an application of manure-water to trees that may be carrying full cr.ips ; those trees which have little or no fruit, and growing strongly, having only clear water. When pruning the trees a sharp search should be made for insects injurious to fruit and leaves. The woolly aphis (American Wight) on the bark of old and young shoots and roit-stock of the Apple ; and the coccoons and wobs of the small Ermine-moth (Yponomeuta padella) among the foliage of the Apple, tlie larvae of the slug- worm on the leaves, and the coccoons of the Wood- leopard-moth on the foliage anl among the branches of the For. are common pests. In the case of webs and coccoons. the simplest method of ridding the trees of them is to collect and burn them, and even the smaller infested shoots along with them, if of small ac- count. Little can be done at this season tokill American blight or the mussel-scale, beyond the application of soap-suds and clear water applied with the garden- engine. Winter is the proper season for applying mains for their destruction ; and I would direct the reader's attention to former Calendars for information on this subject. Pear and Cherry trees on which the larvic of the sawfly are found should be marked for treatment in the winter, at which season the surface- soil under the trees to a depth of 4 inches may be removed and charred, or deeply buried in the kitchen garden — iu this way destroying the pupa?, which generally winters just below the surface of the soil. The roots should be covered with fresh soil. PLUMS.— These trees are in general carrying a fair crop of fruit, with the exception of one or two varieties, as Denyer's Victoria, and Jefferson, which have set heavy crops, requiring to be rather severely thinned. PEACHES, NECTARINES, AND MORELLO CHER- RIES will requu-e constant attention in the matter of laying-in the young shoots for extending the area of the tree, and fruiting. The upper portion of these trees should have the first attention, the partial denudation of shoots diverting the sap to the branches in the lower half — very necessary indeed where glass copings are allowed to remain over the trees during the summer season, which tend to develop much growth at the top of the trees. Although we have had in this locality some refreshing rains, still a very insufficient quantity has fallen on the borders, which are near to high walls, and heavy applications of water to the roots of fruit trees are very necessary. The fruits of some of the early varieties of the Peach are approaching the end of the final swelling, and these should be well exposed to the sun. In doing this do not cut off or mutilate the leaves, but secure them with twigi for the time beiug. APRICOTS. — These fruits are likewise approaching ripeness, requiring the same attention. Let all syringing cease of these trees whose fruit is getting ripe. PRESERVE-FRUITS. — Attend to the gathering of fruits of all kinds for preserving purposes, according as it bscomes fit for thii kind of use, choosing a time when it is quite dry, aud endeavouring to have it gathered early enough to allow of the work connected with boiling-up, &c., being undertaken the same day. The Strawberry-nets can now be used for the guard- ing of red, white, and black Currants. Continue to layer Strawberry-runners in pots or otherwise for forming new plantations, keeping the runners supplied with water if the weather be hot and dry. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By Hedlev W,KRRE^J, Gardener, Ailoii CUnton, Tring, HINTS ON WORK IN GENERAL.— In weather favourable for weeding and rolling walks, that is, when showers have softened the surface, this job should receive attention. In shrubberies the removal of decaying matter, foliage, and flower-stems should be attended to. The mowing of grass lawns is at the present time work that cannot be slighted, if a close velvety turf is looked for. Climbing Roses aud other similar subjects will often stand in need of the best wood being slightly secured against wind and rain, and the weak aud superfluous shoots removed. It adds greatly to the good appearance of the waning glories of the Rose-beds if alldead or decaying flowers be gathered off the plants daily. The beds and borders of Roses may require a thorough soaking with clear water. BEDDING PLANTS.— These plants, now beginning to grow freely, will require, in some cases, to get close to the so"il by pegging down the side shoots, a matter that should have early attention, so that the beds may the sooner be furnished, and the ground covered. Verbenas, Calceolarias, Violas, and Petu- nias should be well supplied with moisture at the roots, otherwise their period of flowering will be curtailed. If such plants get exhausted, the removal of all seed vessels and decaying flowers, and a thorough application of water to the soil, will usually re-invigorate them. Carpet plants should occa- sionally have the unueces.sary growths removed, and be pressed level, taking great care to keep the figures accurately defined by trimming and removing en- croaching shoots. Succulents are much benefited if the flower-buds are removed as soon as they are discernible. Mentha Pulegiura, Veronici, and similar spreading plants are kept within bounds by clipping them with a pair of sheep-shears. In many instances Pyrethrum parthenifolium aureum is throw- ing up flowering stems, which should be removed, em-rely keeping the plants dwarf, .and yet fresh- looking. Abutilons, Castor Oils, Solanums, "To- baccos," aud other subtropical plants should bo securely fastened to stakes as stem-growth progresses, or much damage may be done by wind. Flower- beds are not unfrequently seen which contain too many plants, the outcome of a desire to make im- mediate effects, or because the nature of the soil has not been considered, a strong retentive soil, if fairly rich, producing a luxuriant growth at the expense of bloom. Much of this floweriess luxu- riance might be obviated by planting less thickly, or by thinning out much of the superfluous growth iit intervals during the summer. Antirrhinums have proved to be excellent plants in a dry season like the present, afibrding a wealth of bloom for a long time, with more to follow. Tropffiolums are doing finely, making sturdy growth, notwithstanding the drought. As a dwarf variety of Tropaeolum, Mrs. Clibran proves to be a very valuable plant, its bright yell.iw flowers showing up well. It is a variety that will m many places take the place of the yellow Violas and Calceo- larias, and where these plants do not succeed I would certainly recommend a trial of the variety. CANNAS. — The Gladiolus-flowered type is gaining favour as a pot plant, and as a bedder. The plants should be grown in warm spots, the beds should be very well drained, and liquid- manure freely used after the flower-spikes appear When Cannas are raised from seed, the same should be .sown as soon as ripe ; when large enough, potting off the seedlings singly, and keeping them growing lu a warm-house .all the winter. Under this kind of treatment Cannas make strong flowering plants by the spring. Mr J Ireland.— We are informed by Mr. Ireland that he has resigned his post of Orchid-grower aud Foreman at Messrs. J. Cowan k Co.'s Nursery, G ir- ston Liverpool, and he is looking out for a situation commensurate with his abilities and knowledge of Orchids and general nursery work. 42 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 11, 1896. EDITORIAL NOTICES. ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the PUBLISHER. Letters for Publication, as u-dl as spechnens and plants for naming, shouldbe add resse'J to the EDITOR, 41, Welling- ton Street, Covent Garden, London. Comvinni cat ions should be WRITTEN ON ONE SIDE ONLY OF THE PAPER, sent as early in the ^vcek as possible, and dvXy signal hy the writer, 1/ desired, the signature will not he printed, hvt kept as a guaraiifce of good faith. Tlce Editor does not under- take to pay for any contributions, or to return ttnused com- municativns or illustrations, unless by special arrangement. Illustrations.— rfte Editor will thaiikfidly receive and select photographs or drawings, s^iitable for reproduction in these pages, of ganlens, or of remarkable plants, fiowers, trees, (f-c. ; but he cannot be responsible for loss or injury. Local News. — Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligeiice of local evetits likely to he of interest to our readers, or of any matters whish it is desirable to bring under the notice ofhorticultttrists. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending newspapers should he carc/td to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. TUESDAY, JULV MEETING. l' Meeting of the Fruit and Floral Committees of the Royal Horti- cviltural Society, Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster. Lecture by the Rev, J. H. Pem- lierton on New Roses. i SHOWS. i Royal Horticultural Society's 8pe- TUESDAT, Jdly 14^ cial Eose Show, at Diill Hall ( (Competitive). /•Ulverston Rose (Xational Rose WEDNESDAY, Jl-ly 15) „^°<^j'-;'y'- . „ ., „ 1 Royal Botanic Society Promenade. LGeueva (six days). I Rose and Horticultural Shows at THURSDAY, July 10^ Halifax, Selby, and Finchley. f Jersey Summer Exhibition. SATURDAY', Jvly IS— New Brighton Rose Show. FRIDAY, JCLl SALE. ,- / Imported and Established Orchids, ( at Protheroe & ilorris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE EN- SUING WBEK, DEDUCED PROM OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK —63°. 4. AVe hear and see a great deal of Sports in the j^^t variation, and are often Law Courts. n i , , called on to make comment upon it. It does not happen, however, that the sub- ject is made the object of a law suit so often as might be expected, and heace the case we have now to refer to is the more interesting. It appears from the report in the current number of the Ikfiie de VHorticiiIture Beige, that a difference of opinion arose between M. Vincke and Messrs. Sander & Co. as to the price paid by the latter for a plant of Cypripedium Uarrisianum x . This plant was the first hybrid Cypripedium raised in this countrj-. Its parents were C. villosum and C. barbatum. In course of time numerous variations have made their appearance, differing from the original Uarris- ianum, and excelling it in attractiveness. These characteristics unfortunately ai-e not always stable, the fine variety of one year may degenerate in the next season to an ordinary form of C. Harrisianum x , or to something not so good. This variation is very interesting to the botanist, but it is evident that the amateurs and the dealers in Orchids may look uppii it in a very different light. Thus when Messrs. Sander & Co. saw in. lloom a fine vai-iety of Harrisianum in the possession of M. Vincke, thej' purchased it, but the next year, when the plant produced flowers of an ordinary or inferior character, they were anxious, according to what is alleged to be the custom of the trade, to have the money re- funded. The case was tried before the Tribunal of Commerce of Bruges, and from the summary of the proceedings given in our contemporary we translate the following particulars : — The action (between M. Vincke, plaintiff, and Messrs. Sander & Co., defendants) related to the price of a plant of Cypripedium Harris- ianum X, which the defendants alleged that they had bought for the sum of 1000 francs, only on acooimt of the peculiarities of colouring which the flower displayed. They said that the seller of an article ought to guarantee the exist- ence of the special characteristics, which caused the sale to be effected, and that, the year after the sale, if the plant no longer bore a similar bloom, restitution should be made, as is the custom of the trade in dealing with Orchids. The plaintiff replied that there could be no special guarantee, that the plant had been bought in flower as it stood, and ho denied the alleged custom of the trade. The tribunal gave a verdict for the plaintiff, the costs to be paid by the defendants. ' ' Whereas the defendants bought the plant in the state under which it was offered, without any stipulation or special guarantee, especially as to the production of similar bloom at the next flowering season ; whereas, if it be shown that the plant did not again produce the same [a similar] flower to that it bore on the daj' of the sale, that fact would not nullify nor cancel the sale ; that, in fact, the plaintiff parted with the plant under the conditions stated by the defendants, and without guarantee as to the fixity of the colour or the tint of the bloom ; that thex'o was therefore no positive mis- take to annul the contract, nor concealment which justifies cancelling, but simply a circum- stance, often happening in Orchid culture, that is, the occurrence of variation in the flowering; whereas, the defeudants who arc Orchid importers, must be acquainted with these possible variations, and that this being the case, if thoy had desired to protect themselves in case of such an event, they should have stij^ulated in special terms, or elt'ected a conditional pui'chase. As to the custom of the trade, which the plaintiff coQsidered had reference only to the sale of Orchids not in bloom, the tribunal passed the matter over as not being proved, and as not affecting arrangements made between the parties." All plants are liable to vaiy, some much jnoi'o than others. Hybrid productions and their descendants are specially prone to vary. These facts are of course perfectly well known to trade-growers, and it would be an impertinence for outsiders to attempt to interfere with recognised and legitimate trade-customs. The purchaser in this case, as we understand, bought the plant telle quelle, just as it was, and without any guarantee of persistence. The Belgian tri- bunal has asserted, that in the absence of any such specific guarantee, the purchaser cannot recover if the plant becomes sportive. In these days of "hybrids" and " sports," and the great extension of commerce in such pro- ductions, it would be well if the trade could come to some definite understanding for the avoidance of disputes. Of course, the apiilica- tion is not confined to Orchids. Chrysanthe- mums, Roses, and other commercial commo- dities are just as variable in their way, if not more so. We should be glad to hear the opinion, alike of hybridists and of merchants, upon a point of great importance to both. Varieties of The new varieties of Canna are Cannamdica. beautiful things _ in the flower- garden, but cultivators will not get the utmost out of them that they are capable of unless special preparations are made for them. Merely to dig the ground after manuring it is not enough. It should be remembered that the Canna is a native of the tropics, and can only be relied upon to flower well in the warmest of summers when some endeavours are made to imitate tropical con- ditions. The first of these is warmth of soil, and this can be obtained in a modified degree by putting, say, a bed of H foot thick of fermenting materials, consisting of two-thirds last year's Oak or Beech leaves, and one-third short stable-litter, treading the mass fairly firmly together. This affords warmth and drainage, but failing the leaves and dung, their place may be taken with furnace-clinkers, brickbats, &c., to the depth of a foot, putting a layer of rotten dung, 6 inches thick, on the top of these. The spot chosen for the Cannas should be the hottest in the garden (at the foot of a south wall if cut blooms are looked for), and the plants should stand at least 2 to 3 feet asunder, according to strength, so that the sun may reach them all round, and the soil ; mulching in our climate does harm, in preventing the sun-heat penetrating the soil, and its place should be taken by a bi-weekly stirring of the soil to aerate it, and prevent the loss of moisture, a crumbly surface doing this almost as efl:ectually as a mulch. The rest is a matter of water and liquid-manure. The foliage should not be wetted at night, but about seven in the morning if the previous day was hot and it is likely to be so the next. If the bare appearance of the soil in the early stages of growth be not liked, put around the bed a row of Aralia papyrifera (Chinese Eice-paper plant), A. Sieboldi, Farfugium grande, a dwarf Solanum, or some of the taller varieties of tuberous Begonias — now, we fear, almost lost to gardens, but which are as graceful as a Fuchsia. Tower Grove Park (see Supplementary Illus- tration).—We have liad frequeut occasiuu to men- tion tlie beautiful garden and botanical Institute bequeathed to the town of St. Louis by the late Mr. Shaw, an Englishman by birth, au American by adoption. By his intimate relations with the late Drs. EsGKLMANN and Asa Ghay, he bad become acquainted with the requirements of Horticulture aud Botany, and did bis best to supply them. Dr. Trelease is now the head of the establislimcut, wfiicli lias rapidly become ouo of the most important establishments of its kiud. American journals report that great damage was done to the garden by the late cyclone, but our promised report has not yet arrived. We shall take an early ojiportunity of alluding to the subject again. Horticultural Club. — The annual excursion of the club, to which ladies are especially invited, will take place on Thursday, July 30, under the superintendence of Mr. Harry J. Veitch, ^vho has kindly consented to make all the arrangements. The members will meet in the waiting room at Euston Station, London & North - Western Railway, at 9-50 a.m., and A'ill proceed rid Bletchley by the lO'lO A.M. train to Leighton, where breaks will be in waiting to convey them to Ascott, the seat of Mr. Leopold de Kothschild, who has most kindly invited the members to luncheon ; they will then drive across Buckinghamshire, twelve miles, to Haltou, the seat of Mr. A. DE Rothschild, where they are invited to partake of tea and light refresh- ments, returning to town from Wendover Station at 7.5^1 r.M. National Chrysanthemum Society's Annual Outing.— Mr. R. Dean, Hon. See., Ealing, to Ki o en O h < Ol, > o o o H 2* U Q » < D C« < Jdlv 11, 1890.] THE a A I? DENE Ji S' CHI? ONI CL E. 43 requests us to announce that the annual pic-nic and outing will take place on llouday, July 20 next. The members will travel to Elstree Station by the Midlaud Railway, to visit the gardens and grounds of Aldenham House, Elstree, by the kind permission of Lord Aldknham. His lordship has granted per- mission to members to fish in the lake, and, pro- vided the family are not in residence, permission also to play lawn tennis in tlie tennis-courts, but tliose desirous of playing must take their racquets. There will also be ample provision for cricket. Dinner and tea will be provided in a spacious marquee on the lawn. As this is certain to be a popular trip, early application must be made for tickets, so that neces- sary arrangements may be made. Members must state whether they require tickets from Mansion House or St. Paucras, so that ample accouamodation may be provided. The GARDENERS' Orphan Fund is benefited by many means, and wo are glad to hear that in connection witli the Croydon Rose Show the efforts made by well-wishers and supporters of the Fund were rewarded to the amount of £7 10s. Not more than 10s. of this, Mr. Cummins informs us, is likely to be required to cover the exiienses. At other shows a'Roae-fair in aid of the Fund might do similar service to " our orphans." Outing of the Forest-Gate and Strat- ford Amateur Chrysanthemum Society,— Mr. W. A. STnuROCK, the Hon. Sec. of this Society, desires to inform our readers that tlie ,innual ex- cursion of members and friends (ladies invited) will take pliiee on our day of issue to Easton Lodge, Dun- mow, by kind permission of the Countess of W.vrwick. The train leaves Liverpool Street at half-past 2 p.m., arriving at Dunmow at twenty-five minutes past 3 P.M. The Countess lias arranged to drivu the members to Bishop's Stortford Station in time to catch the eighteen minutes past 10 r.M. train for Liverpool Street. Royal Horticultural Society.— The next Fruit and Floral and Scientific Meetings of tlie Royal Horticultural Society will be held on Tuesday, July 14, iu the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, 1 to 5 P.M. Special prizes will be offered for Rases. At 3 o'clock a lecture will be given by tlie Rev. J. H. Pem- BEEroN on "New Roses." Woburn Fruit Farm.-— We are asked to state that Mr. Spencer Pickeuing will be verv pleased to meet any horticulturists at the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, Ridgmout, on L. & N. W. Ry., on either the 20th or the 24 th of this month. Visitors are requested to send a notice of their intentions to Mr. PiCKEKiNQ, Harpenden, Herts, not less than three days before their proposed visit. The British Produce Supply Associa- tion.— The association has been formed in order to bring the growers of British produce into direct relation with consumers, especially in large towns. It is proposed to open the central depflt for business on October 1, 1896. The association will either deal through tradesmen, or it will deliver to customers direct. In either case, all goods will bear the brand and trade mark of the association, so that purchasers will have an absolute guarantee both of origin and quality. Eventually it is hoped to deal in all kinds of British produce, but at first the following will be obtainable : Meat, poultry, game, hams, bacon, eggs, cheese, butter, tongues, sausages, fruit, vegetables, flowers, jams, preserves, pickles, &c. All sales will be for casli with order, or on delivery, but dej)osit accounts may be opened. By dealing with the asso- ciation great encouragement may be given, and help afforded to farmers and others who grow British produce ; and, at the same time, a guarantee obtained that the article is really what it professes to be. It is not necessary to be a member of the association in order to deal with it. The Earl and Countess of WiNCHELSEi held a reception at the depot Winchel- sea House, Long Acre on Thursday, as these notes were passing through the press. Stock-taking for June.— There is one reward for working away through a mass of figures such as those contained in the Board of Trade Returns for the past month, or any other period, which is that of proving that " our side " is right, that British enterprise and energy are receiving their reward, as is the case to-day, when we find the Imperial revenue of the past quarter exceeding that for the same period last year by nearly IJ millions, the increase being contributed to by all items on the sheet with only one exception — the " Estates " column ; and these Board of Trade Returns now under notice show an increase in imports amounting to .€1,334,671 for the month of June, and the exports in excess of those for June of last year by exactly A'2,72!t,953. But just hero may be intro- duced the usual excerpt from the monthly summary table of imports for the past month : — Imports. 1895. 1896. Ditference. Total value of imports £ 33,894,584 £ 35,229.255 -1-1,334,671 (A.) Articles of food and drink — duty free 12,595,318 12,504,950 —90,302 (B.) .Articles of food auddrink -dutiable 1,551,788 1,600,009 + 54,221 R:iw materuils for textile manufac- tures 5,21Si,SS0 4,646,048 —573,832 R.1W materials for sundry industries .and mauufaeturos 3,070,170 4,499,017 4822,841 (A.) Miscellaneous articles 1,213,218 l,2Jli,702 433,484 (B.) Parcel Post .. 70,371 92,424 422,053 Whilst noting the imports of to-day, giving an eye to those of the future is allowable — this in connection with tho terrible storms which have recently swept over the fair lands known as Southern Russia, which have torn up, or otherwise ruined the corn crops, vineyards, orchards, and Tobacco-lands ; ruin remains where a month since plenty smiled. The accounts to hand of the wide-spread devastation are very pitiable, and we can only hope they have been exag- gerated—at any rate, they form a factor in the esti- mate of expectiitions from that quarter of tho globe. The figures relating to fruits, roots, and vegetables, are always of interest. The following partake of the old character : — Imports. 1895. 1806. Difference. Fruits, raw :— Apples ...bush. 50,555 37,917 —12,639 Cherries ... ,, 115,070 116,350 46S8 Plums ... ,, 4,060 7,460 +2,800 Pears 13 s —5 Grapes ■ ,• 3,035 3,987 4952 Dnenumerated >, 155,451 159,512 44,061 Onions ... ,, 31S,021 366,339 448,318 Potatos ... cwt. ■.154,735 1,151,731 4196,996 Vegetables, raw, merated uaenu- .. v.ilue £109,746 £192,259 —£7,487 By the way, we may just note here that the imports for the six months ending on the 30th ult., amount to £216,481,035, an increase of £12,793,335 for the same period of time last year. Turning to — Exports, we find these reach the sum of £20,530,053, showing an excess of £2,729,953 over the figures for June, 1895 : the figures for the six months are given at £119,002,722, an increase of £12,885,206 in the .same period last year. The only decrease recorded in the month is £315 in raw materials — there is no decrease whatever in the six months record. Carnations. — A large quantity of excellent blooms, cut with the entire stems, come from Mr. A. Pentsey, Wortou Hall Gardens, Isleworth. The finest were Leander, Yellow Queen, and Germania, yellow-coloured varieties, the first two named from plants growing iu pots ; JIary Godfrey, a perfect wall or tree variety, white. With flowers not quite so fine as these, were Queen of Bedders, purple in colour, with robust growth, and very free ; Countess of Paris, blush-coloured border variety ; Border Maid, very floriferous, colour cerise : Rose of Rutland, and Ketton Rose, two famous varieties for the border, of two different shades of pink. Royal Botanic Society.— The experimeutal series of musical promenades in the Regent's Park Gardens on Saturday afternoons have proved so suc- cessful, and have been so largely attended by the publicand thoFellows,that a resolution will be brought forward at the Fellows' meeting on Satm\lay next in favour of continuing the promenades until further notice. The suggestion made at the last meeting, that recognised societies and institutions should be .encou- raged to hold receptions and garden parties in the gardens is already being acted upon — the Council of " The Salon " having .arranged to give a Reception on the 15th inst. Roses at the National Rose Society's Exhibition. — A few particulars respecting the recent exhibition of the National Rose Society at the Crystal Palace, ^vi-ites Mr. Edward Mawley, Hon. Secretary of the Society, may be of interest to some of the readers of the Garilnicrs' Clr'onich: Owing to the trying nature of the weather, and the extremely forward season, the number of blooms of exhibition Roses staged in competition was 5064, or nearly SOO less than the average for the eight previous metro- politan shows of the Society, and less than at any of the last twelve exhibitions e.xcept 1S93. England Scotland, and Ireland were all represented, and for the first time a Scotcli firm competed for the Nurserymen's Champion Challenge Trophy. Roses came from no fewer than twenty one different r.nglish counties, while the total number of exhibitors amounted to seventy-three, sixty-one of whom were prize winners. The Carnation and its Culture in pots and borders formed the subject of a paper delivered by Mr. J. Davis before the St. Barnabas, Sutton, Ciirshalton, and District Cottage Gardeners' Society on the 3rd inst. This new society is likely to do much good in the neighbourhood it is intended to serve. Utrecht. — Dr. Went has been appointed Director of the Bi )tanic Gardens at Utrecht. NURSERYMEN'S PlCNIC.—Thee»iyEOLUM SPECIOSUM has proved itself very difficult of cultivation iu most southern gardens, especially upon south walls. An instance to the contrary we have had recently the opportunity of noticing in the gardens at Dover House, Roehampton. Mr. McLeod has planted it in four places at the foot of a wall there having a south aspect. All of them are doing well, and one in particular is ex- ceedingly bright at the present time, with hundreds of its brilliant blossoms. They were not planted in the st.aple soil, but in loam. Gladiolus Konigin [Queen] Wilhelmina. — Messrs. Krelage have kindly sent us from Haar- lem flowers of this novelty, a coloured plate of which is given in a recent number of the Tijdschrift voor Tuinbouw. The spikes are many-flowered, the flowers facing one way, and of moderate size. The three upper segments of the perianth are broadly oblong- acute, pale flesh-colotired ; the three lower segments are narrower, of a similar ground-colour, but marked in the centre with a very pale yellow spatulate blotch, surrounded by a distinct rosy-carmme band, extending nearly the whole length of the petal. The throat of the flower is also marked internally with a pale reddish- orange blotch. Messrs. Krelage describe it as an early, free-flowering variety, well adapted for cutting. To those who may chance to see only the 44 THE GARDEXERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdlt 11, 896. •o^laured plate, we may say that it give? but a poor represeutation of the elegance of the flower, and purity ■of its colour. " Botanical Magazine."— Sotue plants of un- nsuil interest are figured in the present number. Amoug them are : — Lourijii campnnulata, Balllon, t. 7482. --This is a plant like an Aspidistra, but with racemes of pale yellow flowers, which are succeeded by ovoid blue- berries, about 1 inch in length. It belongs to the tribe Opliiopogonese of Hsemadoraceie, and is a plant certain to interest the plant-lover. Pilocarpus Jaborandi, Ko\nie3, t. 7483, is a Ruta- ceous tree, the leaves of which are used medicinally to promote the secretion of salivi. It is a native of Pcruambuco. Atpidhtra ti/pica, Biillon, t. 7484. — .\. native of Tonkin, differing from its congeners in having the parts of the flower in three instead of in fours. Akchia lobata, Decaisue, t. 7485. — A Japanese species occurring also in China, and differing from the •old A. quinata in having the lobes of the leaves cre- mated, and in the smaller flowers. tiamarid, Daivsmiana, Hook, fil., t. 7488, better known in g.irdens as Ano3ot(ichilu3 Dawsonianus ; see /iai-d. C/iroii., 1868, p. 1038. PheNOLOGICAL Report for 1895.— The Re- port on the Phenological Observations for 1895, by Mr. Ed'.vaud M.4WLEY, from the Qtiarteiii/ Journal of Ihe Royal Meleorolorjical Society (April, 1896), is now to hand. Over a hundred observers in different districts of Great Britain contributed their notes on the climate and its effects on vegetation and on animal life, and (these, collated into tabular form, are here presented. Making due allowance for varying localities, the general climitic conditions during 1895 were, stated briefly, the following — a very cold winter, followed 'by a dry spring .-md early summer ; — " The yield of all the farm crops, e.tcept Potatos, was exceedingly poor. The one redeeming feature of the year, from an agricultural point of view, was the autumn, the glorious weather of which greatly favoured the com- pletion of the harvest, the growth of the grass and roots, and the cultivation of the land. As regards vegetation generally, seldom did a year end under conditions so favourable for the one succeediug it." The Raspberry Superlative.— Our crre- spoudeut and writer of Calendarial articles, Mr. G. Woodgate, the gardener at RoUeston Hall, Burton-on- Trent, in sending a few fruits of the varieties of Superlative Raspberry for iuspectiou, states that " it is one of the best for dessert or culinary uses. The canes continue to bear fruits for a long period of time, and iu warm years the current season's canes bear fruits freely. Last season good fruit in quantity was picked from July 5 till September 7. This year he began to pick for pre.serving 55 lb. on July 1. The canes are robust, and average about 7 feet in height." The fruits sent were fine specimens, but they arrived mostly in a state of pulp. "Le Jardin du Crest."— In a handsome volume of over 200 pages, M. Marc Mioheli has published a list of the plants cultivated in the open air in his beautiful garden near Geneva. About 2000 species are cultivated, 1300 of which are Dicotyledons, and 700 Monocotyledons. Tlie plants are grown in beds and borders ; the rarer ones are placed in pockets of slate, well drained, and in which the dharaoter of the soil can be adaptei to suit the requirements of particular plants. These can be covered in winter with glass or any protecting material, which can be removed in summer. Special arrangements are made for Ericaceous plants, succu- lents, and water plants. M. Micseli enumerates thirty-three species of Tulipa, thirty-nine of Fritillary, twenty of Calochortus, whilst Irids are represented by no fewer than 250 species. Twenty-five per cent, of the plants are of European origin, 12 to 15 from Oriental sources ; Central Asia and temperate Himalaya tarnish each 5 p^r cent. ; China and Japan, 10 per cent. : th-) United States supply 12 per cent., Mexic ) 6 per cent. From Australia and New Zealand come 3 per cent., p,ud from South Africa 9 to 10 per cent. In his catalogue, which is arranged alphabetically, M. MicaELC gives first the name of the species, then the authority for it (a matter of detail generally omitted by horticul- turists), the natural order, the reference to the book where the original dascription may be found, and indic.itions of plates or other illustrations. The native country and the date of introduction are also mentioned. In addition there are numerous short rem irks bjtinieal and cultural, which add greatly to the v.»lu9 of tlie work. Sweet B.^iars at Bjrford Lodge — '• I lately saw a long line of Lord Peuzance's Briars in Sir Trevop. Lawrence's garden," remarks a corre- spondent, "the plants occupying a space a.jainst a wall, a position in which they grow and flower freely. A considerable range of colour w;xs observed iu the blossoms of these plants. Amoug tbem Janets Pride was noticed, a variety e.\hibited by Messrs. Paul & SoM, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. and said to have been found in an old rectory garden— a chance seed- ling, probably. The Briars of Lord Penzance's raising are admirable acquisitions to all who possess a garden, and they sliould always find a place where the climatic conditions are favourable, the grateful fra- grance of thefoliageapartfromthebeauty of the bushes when smothered with blossoms sufficing to make them favourites. Warminster Amateur Rose Club Show.— The twenty-eighth annual exhibition in connection with this club took place in the grounds attached to East End House, the gardens of which were thrown open to visitors. In spite of the adverse season, theie was a meritorious collection of Roses. Prize list:- First division, twenty-four distinct varieties of Roses, single blooms, 1st and Challenge Cup, Mr. S. P. Budd, Bath; 2nd, Rev. R. Powley, Upton Scudamore. Twelve distinct varieties of Roses, thi-ee blooms of each variety, 1st, Rev. R. Powley ; 2nd, Mr. \V. Chap- man, Sambourne House. Twelve Roses, distinct varieties, single blooms, 1st, Rev. R. Powley ; 2nd, Mr. J. Smith. East End House. Six Roses, Tea or Noisette, distinct varieties, single blooms, Ist, Rev. R. Powley; 2nd, Mr. Hinton. Second division, twelve Roses, distinct varieties, single blooms, 1st, Mr. S. Smith, Henford Cottage; 2nd. Mr. C. A. Bleeck, Manor House. Six varieties of garden Roses, Briar and any nou-ex'aibition variety, not fewer than three bimches of each variety. 1st, Mr. S. Smith. There were many small classes for six Roses, single Rose-blooms, garden Roses, bouquets, Strawberries, for size and flavour, &c. Arrangement of Roses shown in a basket, Ist, Miss Chapman, Sambourne House. Arrangement of Roses shown iu a vase, 1st, Miss Gillett. Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. -The I25th meeting will be held at Koche Abbey, for the investi- gation of Maltby Common and Woodi, on the present Saturday. We glean from the circular kindly for- warded by the Secretary, Mr. W. Dhnisojj RoEBncK, that through return tickets at pleasure-party rates will be issued at all stitions on the G. N., H. & B., L. & Y., L. & N.W,, M., S. & L., Midland, and N.E.' Railways, which have booking arrangements for Rotherham or Masborough, to Members and Asso- ciate of the Y.N.U. producing their signed card of membership. Tickets taken on Friday or Saturday, July 10 or 11, will be available for return any day up to Tuesday, J uly 14. Members will fiud accomoda- tion at the White Swan Inn, .Maltby, and the Black Lion Inn, Pirbeck. Private lodgings might also be obtained at some ofthe cottages iu Maltby for a limited number of visitors dcoiriug to prolong their stay for a few days. Permission to visit their properties h.is been kiudly granted by the Earl of ScAiiBORdnun and the Rev. H. G. Jebb, M.A., J.P., Firbeck Hall. The g.arden and grounds at Firbeck will be open for the inspec- tion of the members. Books and maps:— The dis- trict for investigation is included in sheet 82 N.E. l-inch Ordnance Map (also published geologically coloured, as also are the 6-inch sheets, 290 and 296). Reference may be made to Bodler's list of plants given in Avsling's History of Roche Abbey. PU3LICATI0NS Received.— .%rau),';err// Culture (the '• Salisbury" series), Geo. Tocker, at the offices of Ti'ie Fruit Grower, Fruiterer, Florist, and Market Giri~.ne<-, 2-5, Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, E.C. ROSE GROWING IN INDIA. " The first and most important point to be con- sidered in making a rosary in Imlia is the watering of the plants. Hand watering is useless. They must be flooded, and the well should be close at hand. Roses are thirsty, hungry things, and need lota of water, for they love to be kept cool at the root in the heat of summer. To ensure flooding with facility, the beds should be 3 inches below the general level, with a slight fall from the drain. Simplicity is much to be desired in the plan of a rosary. As an example of extreme sim- plicity, I mention a plan of the Rose garden I have made at Chuprah and Dinapore, which has answered admirably at each place. It consists of oblong beds, 2 feet wide, with grass-turfed walks 3 feet wide, between which are always green from the moisture they obtain from the flooding of the beds on either side. The beds can be made any length (and this will depend on the extent the water can be carried) on either side of the centre walk, which should not be less than 5 feet in width. Another matter of importance is to have no trees iu or near the rosary, as the roots of large trees absorb the moisture, and throw shade, which is not desirable. All plants, both flower and vegetable, thrive best in the open. Rose plants should be allowed to grow as they like, and make as much wood as possible during the rainy season, and should not be pruned until it is quite certain that the cold weather has set in, and this will entirely depend upon the place one is in. I used to prune in the beginning of October when I commenced Rose gardening, and learnt from experience that it was a mistake, as I found one year that the half of my plants which were pruned a fortnight later than the others flowered the best, and since then I have never pruned till the beginning of November, gene- rally the loth, which I consider the proper time in these parts. If the plants are pruned before the cold weather has actually set in, a few days warm weather, which I have often known about the end of October, will scorch the new sheets. After pruning, I expose the roots till the new shoots are well out, and then fill in with well-sifted and decayed horse-manure, the older it is the better, and flood twice a week until the buds are well out and full, when watering should be discontinued. In the hot and dry weather the plants shoulil be flooded at least three times a week. I have found that opening the earth round the plants at least twice a week makes them grow more than anything ; it allows the air and manure to get at the roots. The malee should not be allowed to break the clods opened with the ' kurpee,' but should let them remain as they are. The greater the above attention is paid to the plants during the hot weather and rains, the greater will be the satisfaction in the cold weather." This note was accompanied by a diagram, which we do not give, showing long, narrow beds arranged crosswise in an oblong area, with narrow, grassy, sunken alleys to serve as wAtercarriers, for the pur- pose of flooding the beds with water, just such as are found in water-meadows. A border skirted by a path runs all round, enclosing the whole. Hybrid per- petuals, light and dark-coloured varieties alternating, were planted in the inner beds, and Teas and Noisettes on the outer border. "The drains can be covered from view by placing pots on them. The draius cm be made for 2 annas a running-foot ; all that is necessary is to lay one brick flat as a foundation, and two bricks on edge, and JCLY 11, 1896.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 45 merely point them. The plants in the square should be 4 feet apart. "A Few Bints on the Cultivation of Rosea,' by Major-General J. May. From the Journal of the Agricultural and Hor- ticultural Society of India, To/. VI., Part 4, .Vcui Series. A GROUP OF RESEDA ALBA. In the group depicted in fig. 11 is shown a number of plants of a species of Reseda as yet not common in gardens, though an old inhabitant. As will be seen, the flower-spikes are elevated on tall stalks, and they are much longer than those of Reseda odorata, they are doing injury to seeds, buds, plants, ic, by clappers moved by the wind, if they have not a boy handy to do this for them ; by hanging white threads ever seedling plants in a small and tender stage ; putting nets over the wall-fruit trees and bushes, and over the Gooseberry bushes also in the late ■winter and early spring ; netting seeds in lines and bed?, or hanging threads furnished with chicken's feathers over them. I was a gardener for more than thirty years, and mostly on estates abounding with woods, game coverts, shrubberies, &c., and beyond kill- ing bullfinches at the season when these birds devour the buds of the Plum, Gooseberry, &c., and wood- pigeons in the winter, when the Cabbages, Broccolis, &c., form desirable food for them, I made it a practice never to destroy small birds. My re- I thought well and safely laid years ago, by recommending in his Calendar such barbarous-. practices, which I am positive are unnecessary, to tay- the least. The cracking of the berries is entirely ' owing to atmospheric conditions, and no checking of sap is required. If those who are troubled with cracking will always, from the time when the first berry commences to colour until ripe, m-iitt- tain warmth in the pipes when the sun dots not shine on the roof, and keep the top ventilators always unclosed, but regulated in accordance with outdoor conditions, he will have no need to bore the laterals. The object is to keep the atmosphere of the interior buoyant and in circulation ; the warm pipes will do this if the warmed air is abl& to escape. Mr. Barron, in his Vines mid Vine Culture, ■ Fig. 11. — jRoip OF riAXXi of keseda alba, with feeks and grasses. making the plant of much gi-eater effect when em- ployed in floral arrangements. We are indebted to the kindness of Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, for the opportunity of figuring the plant. Home Correspondence. THE BIRDS AND THE GARDENER.— There is a great deal of nonsense being written by those who, having perhaps a mere patch of garden groimd, would like to extermin.ite all the birds which .ire found therein, as they are believed to come, out of malice jirepense, to devour the fruits of his labours. These owners of small gardens are, I fear, not very cog- nisant of the habits of the commonest of our wild birds, and so cannot distinguish their good deeds .from those reputed bad ones. My advice to these much- plagued individuals is to scare the birds away when ward was found in the comparative freedom oi the gardens from vermin and insect plagues. I never killed an owl, hawk, crow, kestrel, or stoat, these being Nature's creatures, intended, as we may suppose, to keep rats, mice, voles, rabbits, tec, in due bounds ; consequently the true gardener, who should know his friends, never kills them, although the gamekeeper does. The rook is sometimes trouble- some in big kitchen gardens, and is a wary, artful bird ; but he has a wholesome respect for a gun — if it really be one — only then. M. MADRESFIELD COURT GRAPE. — An amateur friend of mine, who not only knows how to grow, but actually does grow and finish without a cracked berry, the above Grape, asks me whether Mr. Pope is in earnest when he recommends (p. 186) the boring of laterals as a sure preventive of splitting of the berries. My reply was that I am a^^tonished to find a grower like Mr. Pope unearthing this bogey, which says — "If allowed to hang hng the berries are ecnie what liable to crack," also ■' that it requires less heat than Black Hamburgh.' These statements are not quite accurate, for it is well known cracking only takes place during its final swelling, and no amount of keeping will cause cracking. Wni. Crmnp'Madrcs- jiehl Court. BRITISH HERBS AND THEIR USES— It appears to be an accepted fact, without any reason which I can discover, that certain herbs and berries, which are used to an enormous extent in this country, can only be grown abroad, and that no substitute equal to them is to be found here. I may take as familiar instances Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, and Mat^ or Paraguay Tea. Is it a fact that no plants grown in Britain contain the active principles of these in an equally agreeable form ? I very much doubt it. Take as on example the Paraguay Tea which, taken cold, is one of the most refreshing drinks in existence— do Bene »f our 46 THE GA B DENE R S' CIIR 0 XI CL E. [JuLT 11, lS9fl. English grown Hollies contain the same active Driuciples ? It would appear probable that some, if lot all, would be equal to the Paraguay Holly. The lifliculty is to test these ; ours is a free country, and chere are no slaves or bondsmen to experiment on. The average Briton considers himself too valuable to ')e used for experiments, especially where there is .% 'jhance of being poisoned, and losing his insurance imoney in the bargain. I can remember the time when our favourite Scarlet Runner Beans were grown as an ornament in the flower garden, and the daring individual who risked his life by eating the pods, had yet to be made fiimous. No doubt some of your readers will remember a similar experience with Tomatos. The person who first tried these not only risked eating the fruit of a plant belonging to a poisonous family, but his first bite must have been as astonishing as it was unpleasant. I remember my first bite at a Tomato, and why I ever tried another I am at a total loss to imagine — yet they have become both pleasant and desirable. The first expenditure of a valued threepence on a beautiful " Love-apple," whilst I was a small boy at school, and the first bite, is a memory which still causes internal qualms after a lapse of forty years. Tlios. Fletcher, GrappeiihaU, Cheshin:. TOMATO DISEASE. — Like your coiTCspondent, "J. B.," whose note I read in the Gardeners' Chronicle for June 27, I have had some experience of this disease during recent years. I find that it only attacks the early plants, which are grown to fruit in iilay and June, and are more or less forced. In the later batches of Tomato plants I have never had disease, and have formed the opinion that it is caused by the atmospheric conditions, and not by applying bottom-lieat. I would advise the discon- tinuance of overhead syringing as soon as the flowers begin to show, and to leave a moderate amount of top and bottom ventilation on during the night, so that the foliage is dry in the morning instead of dripping with moisture, as is the case if a house is closed in the usual manner. When treated in this manner, the disease gives no trouble. 11 m. W. THE ALEXANDER PEACH.— It may be of interest to some of the readers of this journal to learn that ripe fruits of this early American variety were gathered on July 2 from a tree planted against a south wall. The fruits had not been hastened in any other manner than by the warmth of the wall. A. Methvcn, Bayhu.m Abbey Gardens, Kent. WELL-KEPT APPLES.— In reference to a note which appeared in your columns recently on the collection of Apples we exhibited at the Temple Show, allow us to state that they were kept in our new and enlarged fruit-house, on the open shelves, with a mat hung before them, since April. This fruit-house is on the same plan as that figured in the Gardener^ Chronicle at the time of the Pear Confor- ■ence, and was fully described and particulars given for construction (by request) in the Report of the Royal Horticultural Society with papers read at the Crystal Palace, September, 1S94. No artificial means were used to keep the fruit, care was taken to store fully-ripened fruit, and the floor being earthen the air is kept moist. George Bmiyard London would miss a treat if they failed to inspect the fine collection of new and old varieties now in full flower at this nursery. A good many of the varieties are grown in pots under glass, as well as in beds in the open air, so that the visitor has an oppor, tunity seldom afforded in a trade establishment of observing their behaviour under two distinct methods of cultivation. It may here be said that any good Car- nation will grow as well under glass as in the open air provided it is afforded ample ventilation and is kept free from aphis, and its wants in regard to water are properly met. A good many of the novelties are kept in pots and cultivated in this manner, and' amongst these we noted the following Picotees : — Brunette, a flower of neat form, with a crimsca edge ; Thos. Williams, with wire edge of simila? colour ; Amy Robsart, a purple-edged flower ; Norman Carr, a nice large flower, with an edge of scarlet — the variety not quite new; Edith D'Ombrain, with, a pink edge running deeply into the petals ;. Amalia, with a wire edge of purple colour ;. J. B. Bryant, a deep, full flower with a purple edge ; and Dr. Eppa, a crimson edge of great width, petals of much substance, and flower full, and very double. The finest novelties in Carnations observed were. Mephisto, a deep crimson-coloured, full flower ; King 48 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [JuLi 11, 1896. Arthur, of deep scarlet colour, very showy when well cultivated, doing well in pots ; Sir Audrey Campbell, of canary-yellow, good of its colour, but, like all the yellows, lacking in fragrance ; Corunna is of sulphur- yellow, and Duke of Orleans buif-yellow. All of the above were raised by Martin Smith, Esq., Hayes, Kent. Queen Anne (Gibbon's) is a fine flower, of a variety that is not new. It is a full flower, of deep pink colour, with petals somewhat curled. Miss Eric Hambro (Martin Smith) is white, and the perfection of form, the petals being nearly flat, and their edges quite smooth ; Waterwitch, a flower of pale flesh, very double and full ; W. A. Thompson, a flower having a centre of rosy buff colour and edge of crimson ; Car- dinal AVolsey is of the same shade of colour, but it grows more strongly, and the bloom is of greater size. Miss Helen Terry is a fine white bloom, very well filled in the centre — a fine thing ; Snowdon, still con- sidered a good white variety, the edge of the petals smooth and regular ; Bendigo, well-known to Carnation growers as a fine variety, with a rich, purple-coloured bloom ; Eudoxia, a flower that might not please many - a good, fuU.'pink-coloured variety ; Hayes Scarlet (M. Smith), with a pretty filbert-like bud, warranted not to burst the segments, colour bright, form perfection ; Uncle Tom resembles MephLsto, but it is darker in colour ; Sweetheart, a showy fancy bufl' with a cerise flaking ; Canary Bird, of a singular colour, with an edging of crimson ; James Douglas, a flower of light-purple colour, a fine variety ; and lastly, Mrs. Hayes Fisher, in which there is an excellent white border Carnation. We observed besides the above, Lady Ridley, white, a good grower; G. Cruikshank, similar to Cardinal Wolsey ; The Dey, a rosy buff-coloured fancy, furnished with crimson and white stripes ; Horace Trelawney, a flower of a deep shade of rose- pink, full, and regular-formed ; The Pacha, like to, but better than Mrs. Reynolds Hole ; Magpie, crim- son ; the unsurpassed Joe Willett, Mrs. Frank Watts, and Magnum Bonum ; Primrose Day has bright yellow flowers, a neat habit of growth ; it is new. St. Gatien is a moat desirable blush-coloured flower, with a pink stripe. There is a nice collection of fancy Carnations under name. In the Caladium-pit there is a feast of remarkable beauty in foliage, the plants naturally dwarf, and kept so by having them inured to full sunshine, and keeping close to the glass. The collection consists almost wholly of the late Mr. Bause's seedlings. A choice gem is Lady Mosley, which has a leaf of rosy- crimson, and veins of a deeper hue, with a " wire " edge of dark-green, and removed from this by about J inch, a thin lino of the same colour encircling the leaf. Cannas find a place at this nursery, and the collection at the present time brought together consists of the pick of continental varieties. C. Austria is the most recent introduction, and nothing finer in golden yellow Cannas has been produced, the flower being very large and the tint soft, clear, and bright. The splendid variety, C. Italia, was likewise observed in flower. The ever-blooming Streptocarpus have received an additional new strain, with larger flowers, of deeper blue, violet, &c., and stouter footstalks. There are great hopes entertained of these new efforts of Mr. Heales' hybridistic skill, and it is certain that they will become favourites. In the Cattleya-house the display made of C. Mendeli, C. gigas, and C. Mosaise was very fine. Whole groups and lines of these plants being in capital blooma, especially the line of plants of C. gigas of recent importation. The plants in the Nepenthes-house give excellent promise of pitchers later on. We were shown a cross between N. Veitchi and N. Curtisi superba whose operculum is larger than those of N. Veitchi or Curtisi superba, with short petioles, and pitchers dark brown and green in colour. The short petiole of the pitcher admits of the plants being used in table decorations, &c., where a long one would bo inadmissable. The rockery-house is lookin'^ at its best, the mosses and Ferns being perfect as a setting for the few flowering plants disposed amongst them. Among the latter we noticed Hymenocallis maerostepiiana, Streptocarpus, Clevodendron fallax, Allamandas, Crinums, Bilbergias, &c. SOCIETIES. ROMFORD AND ESSEX HORTICUL- TURAL. July 2. — The annual summer show of the Romford and Essex Horticultural Society was held in the Ijeautiful park attached to Gidea Hall on Thursday. Though not nearly so lar^e or important as some of the East Anglian exhibitions, the committee may be congratulated on the success of their efforts. Noted Mid and South Essex winners were well represented, :\Irs. WiLLMOTT, of Warley Place, Mr. Georgk Alexander, Warley Lodge. ^Ir. Tasker, Middleton Hall, and Alderman W. W. DuFFiELD, of Chelmsford, carrying off a number of the highest awards. Ko fewer than seven firsts went to the fortnoi for flowers — foliage plants, collection of plants, Be- gonias in pots, zonal Pelargoniums, Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, plants for tabic decoration, and the best decorated fireplace Alderman Di'ffield wa^ Ist for stove and greenhouse plants and Colous, 2nd for specimen foliage plants and Cala- diums, and 3rd for plants for table decoration. Mr. Alexander was 1st for the most tastefully -arranged basket of pot plants, and best small collection of plan's, Achimenes, Gloxinias, Begonia.s (divided with Mrs. Will- mott), and Caladiums. Mr. Tasker secured two 2nds— one for Gloxinias, and another for plants for table decoration. Mr. W. Bose, of " Balgores," also got Ists for stove and greenhouse plants in flower, and Fema ; and 2nd for decorated fire-place and fohage plants. Roses and cut flowers were not a big show, the principal winners being Messrs. Prior & Son, of Colchester ; the Uov. J. Pembertoh, Havering; Mr. Alex\nder, Mr. Tasker, Mr.«. \V. Green, HaroW Wood; Mrs. J. W. Smith, Romford; Mr. H. B. MicHELL, Eastbury, Romford; and Mrs. Willmott. The best Fruit Prizn went to Mrs. Willmott, Mr. Green (four iBts), Mr. Fakranxe, Ohadwell Heath (three Ists); the Rev. F. Allen, and Lady Newe. Mr. Green's Strawberries were grand specimens of the Gunton Park and Dr. Hogg varieties. Mr. F. Chapman, of Colclioster, was placed 2nd and :ird for Strawberries, and 3rd for Black Cherries, Goose- berries, and White and Black Currants ; and Alderman DuFFiELD 2nd for Gooseberries. £aat AnglianDaily Times. WOLVERHAMPTON FLORAL FETE. Ji'LV 7, 8, 0.— This Exhibition was opened on Tuesday last in the Public Park. It is several years since the town originated an annual fixture on the lines of those at Shrews- bviry .and York, and &ince then, the extent and importance of the display have materially and satisfactorily increased. In many particulars the schedule has close relations to the one issued from Shrewsbury, notably in the liberal prizes offered for specimen plants and for groups. In the Rose classes, however, there is a feature that, in the case of exhibitions held in August, is impossible of attainment. The park is a very pretty rendezvous of about fifty acres, but most of it is maintained as a pleasure ground, and on the recreation site alone there is not room (.Mhall we say fortunately?) fnr the amount of variety entertainments there are at some of these fetes. There is suflicicnt space though for a much larger horticultural show than has yet taken place. There wore five tents of good size set up on this occasion, and rnostof the space was well filled, if we except that in which the amateurs' exhibits were placed, and that also where the cottagers' produce was displayed. The last-named class did not exhibit so generally as could have been wished. Specimen plants and groups In the open classes were good, and. together with the Roses, were the principal features of the show. The cxhibitiou of Pinks usually held in con- junction with this fixture was abandoned this year owing to the early character of the season. In the afternoon, after the luncheon, at which the Mayor presided, was over, a new conservatory that has been recently built at a cost of about £1,500, pi-ovided by the Floral Ffites Committee, was formally opened. This forms an important addition to the Park, and it is satisfactory that the profits which have arisen from the Fdtes sliould bo devoted to the embellishment of the open spaces in the town, and to the provision of others. PLANTS. The largest class in this section was one for sixteen stove and greenhouse plants, and the 1st prize was won by Mr. J. Cypher, nurseryman, Cheltenham. lie had e.xcellent speci- . mens in bloom of Allamanda nobilis, Bougainvillea Sander- iana, B. glabra, Statice profusa, Phcenocoma prolifera Barnesii, Allamanda grandiflora, I.xora 'Williamsii, and rather loss good specimens- of Erica Kingstoniensis, E. Parmentieriana, and E. tricolor Holfordii. His foliage plants included Thrinax elegans, Cycas circinalis, Kentia Fosteriina, Livistona chinensis, Croton Sunset, and C. Williamsii ; Jlr. Wm. Finch, Coventry, who was 2nd, also showed well. He had magnificent specimens of Livis- tona chinensis, and Crotons Queen Victoria and angusti- folius. 3rd, Jlr. Lewis Fcwkes, gr. to Thos. Clayton, Esq., Castlebroniwich. Of six exotic Ferns there was only one exhibit, viz., that from Mr. J. V. Macdonald. gr. to G. H. Kenrick, Esq., Edgbastou. Six plants in flower were best from Mr. J. Cypher. He had fine specimens of varieties similar to some in the larger class noticed. Mr. W. Finch was 2nd. Mr. Cypher won also for six fine foliage plants, his Croton Chelsoni in this class being very good, 2nd Mr. W. Finch. A class for five exotic Orchids was also won by Mr. Cypher, and he was 1st, too, for six specimen Palms ; Mr. W. Finch being 2nd. Mr. Lewis Fewkes, gr. to Thos. Clayton, Esq., was 2nd for six stove and greenhouse plants, his best plants being Croton Majestic, and Ixora Pilgrim i ; and Mr. S. Postings, gr. to Mrs. Wight Boycott, Rudge Hall, was 3rd. In the gentleman's gardeners' or amateurs' classes, the best six Caladiums were shown by Mr. R. Sharpe, gr. to H LovATT, Esq., Bushbury ; and the best collection of Begonias by J. W. Kenrick, Esq. (gr., Mr. A. Oryer). Thos. Clayton, Esq., had the best group of six exotic Fevns. Groups of Plants (open\ — One of the tents was exclusively occupied by the groups of miscellaneous plants arranged for eflfect on a space not e.xceediug 450 square feet. Seven ex- hibits were arranged on the grass in the centre, the promenades being on cither side and at the ends. Though all the collec- tions were of good appearance, the 1st prize was awarded un- doubtedly rightly to Mr. J. Cither, Cheltenham. In the centre of this group a 'graceful Palm resting on a rustic sUind several feet high, supported by four pilhu-s at the corners covered with cork-bark, and containing numerous jKtckets in which were Ferns, Fuchsias, Caladiums, Odontoglosauma, &c. Numerous specimens of Cattleya citrina on rafts also were suspended, and were very effective. At the base was a sei-ies of smaller groups, and at each comer of the exhibit a larger cone-shaped group of plants. The plants used wore choice and good, Crotons being especially well coloured. The only possible objection there can be to this form of grouping, would be that the rustic arrangements, and the system of mak ing most o f t ho plants appear to bo growing from rockwork, necessitate the exclusion of almost all plants of specimen size one might expect to find in such a group. The 2nd prize was won by Mr. W. Finch, nurseryman, Coventry. Messrs. Tom B. Dobbs & Co., 32, Queen Square, Wolverhampton, were good as 3rd ; and Mr. J. V. Mac- DuNALD, gr. to G. H. Kenrick, Esq , was 4th. The best group of plants (Amateurs) arranged for effoct on a space of 400 square feet was from H. Lov att, Esq., a very satisfactory arrangement. ROSES. The principal class for Roses was of the same extent as the largest at the Crystal Palace Show, and seventy-two distinct single trusses were required. There were only three competitors, and prixes therefore fell to each of them. It was not surprising that Messrs. IIarkness & Sons, Bedale and Hitchin, after winning the similar class in the Metropolis, sliould bo the best exhibitors so much nearer their northern establishment. Indeed, they staged a fairly good collection, in which the following varieties were of excellent quality. Of those in tlie back row, Marie Baumann, Ur. Scwell, Beauty of Waltham, Star of Waltham, and Comtc du Ilaim- baud. Centre row : a. K. Williams, Comtofiso de liUdre, Lady Shefiiold, Chas. Lcfcbvre. Scnateur Vaisso, Horace Vornet, Edouard Andre and Mrs. Jno. Laing. Front row : Due do Rohan. Some of the blooms, as for instance, Heinrich Schultheiss and Captain Hayward, were of a nature that illustrated the difficulty there had been to show so extensive a collection upon this date in the present season, Messrs. Mack ik Sons, York, were 2ud, and Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Coventry, 3rd. In the class for forty-eight single blooms distinct, the premier prize was taken by Messrs. A. Dickson re. D. Prior & Sons, Colchester, were '2nd ; and Messrs. Jas. Townsenu & Sons, 3rd. Mr. Jno. Mattock was also 1st for the most decorative arrangement of Hoses, exhibited in the same method as at ho Palace Messrs. Townsend & Sons were 2nd. Amateur Classes.— The beet collections of thirty-six Hoses and twenty-four Roses were from the Rsv. J. H. rtiMBKKTON, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, who was 1st, and in both classes H. V. Machim, was 2nd. H. V. Machin, Esq., was the only exhibitor of twelve blooms of Tea Roses. There were other classes of minor extent. CUT-FLOWERS AND BOUQUETS. This section included the usual classes for stovo and green- house (lowers, bouquets, and arrangements of certain cut- flowers. The best twelve bunches of sioveand greenhouse plants were from Mr. Cvf-HER, Cheltenham. All of the v.irieties were choice, but the flowers were not so fresh-looking :VB they might have been, though the Cattleyas and Dipladeniaa were very good. The best hand-bouquet was from Messrs. M. Jenkins .t Son, Newcastle-under-Lyme, beating the celebrated Coventry firm of Perkin.s, who, however, excelled Messrs. Jenkins for a bridal bouquet and for a bridesmaid's bouquet, the latter being very pretty. The most tasteful arrangement of cut Pansies and Violas was made by Mr. .Ino. Ssikllik, Bushby, near Glasgow, who was awarded a Silver Cup or £5 in money; M. Campbell, Esq., Blantyro, was 2nd. Twenty. four Fancy Pansies (amaimrs) were best from Mrs. H. LovArr, Newport, Salop, and the best twclvo blooms also. M, Campbell, Esq., Blantyro, was first for twenty-four Pansies in the open classes, and Mr. Jno. Smellk., 2nd, though we think tlio positions should have been reversed. M. Campbell, Esq., was, however, rightly l«t for eighteen blooms. The best collection of twelve bunches of Sweet Peaa was shown by U. B. Johnston, Esq., Tettenhall, and there were several pretty collections. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. The class for four b\mches of Grapes distinct was won by Mr. J. Read, gr. to the Earl of Carnarvon, Brotby Hall, Burton- on- Trent. He showed Madresfield Court. Muscat of Alexandria, Black Hamburgh and Buckland Sweetwater. Tho black grapes were very good. Mr. J. H. Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of Harrington, Elvaston Castle, Derby, was 2nd. He had fine black Hamburgh and Muscat Hamburgh, but his Muscats were poor. Mr. Bimnermau, gr. to Lord Haoot. Blithfield, Rugeley, was 3rd. The best two bvniches of white Grapes were of Foster's seedling, shown by Mr. Sidney Bremmell, gr. to H. H. France Havhurst, E^q.. Shropshire. Mr Bannerman was 2nd with Buckland Sweetwater, and Mr. R. Read 3rd with Foster's Seedling. Black grapes were shown best by Mr. J. Gray, gr. to S=r Geo. E. Meyrick. Bt,, Bodorgan, Anglesey, who had two extra good bunches of Black Ha uburgh, berries especially fine, Mr. Bannerman showing Black Hamburgh was 2nd, and Mr. J. Read 3rd with the same vjiriety. The best green-fleshed Melon was one from Mr. Tliomas Wilkins, gr. to Lady Theodore Gdest. Henstridge. and Mr. J. Wilkes, gr. to Mrs Meakin, Cresswell Hall, Stafford, had the best scarlet-fleshed Melon. Peaches and Nectarines were good. The best dish of six fruits was from Mr. Frank Harris, gr. to Lady H.SoMERsrr, Ledbury, who showed Eastnor Bellegarde ; Mr. Gray was 2nd with large Galande ; and Mr. John Wallis, gr. to R. Snevd, Esq., Keele Hall, Staffs, 3rd, with finely coloured Stirling Castle. Mr. Goodacre, had the best Nectai-ines in Lord Napier; Mr. J. Read was 2nd. There were a few good dishes of Stmwberries, and a few of Tomatos. A capital collection of fruit in nine dishes was shown by Mr. F.Harris. His grapes (Foster's Seedling) were unripe, but Brown Turkey Figs, Golden Perfection Melon. Smooth Cayenne Pine, Hales Farley and Bellegarde Peaches, Pitmjis- lou Orange Nectarine, Bigarreau Napoleon Chenies, and Black Hamburgh Grapes were capital. Mr. Geo. Reynolds, gr. to the Messrs. de Rothscbild, Gvinnersbury Parks, Acton, Middlei^ex, was only a very few points inferior to the collec- ti-n just noticed ; Mr. J. H. Goodacre was 3rd. Collections of Vegetables were not numerous, but several good ones were staged. Messrs. Sutton's prize was won by Mr. C. J. Waite. gr. to the Hon. W. P. Talbot, Surrey, Lady Theodore Guest being 2nd. Mr. C. J. Waite also won the 1st prize in Messrs. Webbs class, and in Messrs Carters class. Another prize offered by I'lessrs. DoBBS (a local firm), was won by Lady Theodore G t7E6T. In the gentlemen'^ gardeners, or amateurs classes, the best collection of fruit, of sis varieties, w^s shown by th« Earl of Carnarvon, Bretby Hall. His Grapes, Pineapple, Figs and Peaches, were capital fruits. Lord Bagot was 2nd, and had very fine grapes, the Earl of Harrington being 3rd. The best collection of vegetables came also from the Earl or Carnarvon. MISCELLANEOUS. Messrs. Barr «fe Son, King Street, Covent Garden, London, made one of their usual exhibitions of hardy flowers, her- baceous and annual. Pretty bunchts of Liliura testaceum, L. pardalinum, Michauxi, and other Lilies were noticeable. An exhibit of Mushroom Spawn, made as attractive as its nature would allow, wa.s made by Mr. Wm. D. Bason, spawn manufacturer, Finchfield, Wolverhampton. A large gT'up of tuberous Begonias In double and single- flowered varieties was made by Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham, S. E., and awarded a Gold Medal. Although the plants had been all brought from London, the group presented a capital appearance, most of the varieties being of good quality and the arrangement tasteful. An exhibit of herbaceous flowers, and annuals from Mr. J. H. White, 51, Broad Street, Worcester, contained some capitai flowers of varieties of Gaillardias. Messrs. Thomson. Spark Hill Nurseries, Birmiogbam, showed a group of flowering plants. Messrs. Jahman & Co., Chard, Somerset, exhibited Roses and Sweet Peaw. Messrs. Hewitt itcd vegctiblo produce and flowers, and a large collection of Fenis was shown by Messrs. W. .t J. BrnKKNHEAD, Sale, near Man- chester, in their usual style (Gold Medal). Messrs. Pritciiakd & Sons, Shrewsbury, had a fine lot of Carnations and Picotoes, and Mr. Robt. Svpknham, Tenby Street, Birmingham, furnished a table with cut-flowers and Smilax, arranged in rustic, silvered gates. Messi-s, Edwards ife Son, Sherwoort, Nottingham, disphxyed their Edwardian ware in the shape of baskets for plants and epergnos for cut-flowers. Miscellaneous plants were shown by Tom B. Dobbs k Co., Wolvcrhami>ton. Mr. S. Harhek, Tettenhall. Mr. H. T^wk, Wolverhampton, and Gloxinias by Mr. F. A. Godfrev, Stour- bridge. Mr. M. Campbei-u High Blantyre. had cut-flowers of Carna- tions, Pansies, Ac, and Mr. H. Brownrill, Sale, a fine lot of summer-flowering Chrysanthemums (Gold Medall. Roses were shown by the English Fruit «t Rosa Co., Hereford. WIMBLEDON AND DISTRICT HORTI- CULTURAL. Ji'LT S.— This, tho twenty-fourth annual exhibition, was held in the grounds of Ricards' Lodge, Wirablednn Park, tho residence of Pkrcy Mortimer, Esq., President of the Society. Three tents were placed on the slope, which 'alls away to a pleasant valley. The tents were well filled, and an attractive exhibition was provided, which reftectfld mvich credit on Mr. W. S Thomson, the Hon .'Secretary of the Society and the stewards. Groups m.ide a good feature, the 1st prize being awarded to Mr. J. Law, gr. to R. S. Dean. E^q.. the Priory, Wimble- don, Palms. Cmtons, and various foliaged and flowering plants being sunounded by the long spikes of plants of Francoa ramo^i; Mr. Thornton, gr. to E. Crocker, Esq., Wimbledon Hill, was 2nd, his being a rich group, gay with tuberous Begonias and variegated-leaved plants, but rather heavy in the matter of arrangement. The best four stove and greenhouse plants came from Mr. Huttou, gr. to G. E. Frere, Esq , Wimbled<'n Park, and included a good bush of Clerodendron Thompsoniana, var. Ba'fouri. Mr. H. Alderm.in, gr. to G. Hatffeld, Esq., Wimbledon, had the best six foliaged plants, staging good specimens of Phrenix reclinata, Alo&isia metallica, A. macrorhiza vaiie- gatn. Kentia Fosteiiana, Dractena Youngii, and one other. Mr. T. Methven, gr. to W. Keiller, Esq., Femwood. Wiinbledun Park, had the best six stove and greenhouse plants in flower, in 9-inch pots, having among them two nice pieces of Cattleya. Some very good Fuchsias were shown, the collection of four which won the 1st prize for Mr. W. Thornton were indeed highly creditable ; Mr. H. Wells, gr. to G. D. Carver. E.sq., Ingresby, Wimbledon, was a good 2nd. Mr. Thornton had the best six Coleus. Zonal Pelargoniums were well grown and flowered ; tht 1st and 2nd prizes for six plants were taken by Messrs. Jones and Chandler, the latter gr. to the Rev. Canon Haygari h, The Vicarage, Wimbledon. Mr. J. French, gr. to Mrs. Barllav, Wimbledon Park, had the best twelve zonal Pelargoniums, restricted to a certain size of pot. small, but admirably -grown and flowered specimens ; Mr Law was 2ni. These were *he leading plant classes, though plants were shown in various classes by amateur* and others. CUT FLOWERS. The leading class for these was that for which Mrs. Percv Mortimer offered a specialist (.rize for twenty-four cut Roses, this was won by Mr. Will Taylor. Hampton Hill, who had bright, clean blooms, the best being, Victor Hugo. Suzanne M. Uodocaniichi, Prince Arthur, Harrison Weir, A. K. Williams, The Bride, and Madame Hoste. Roses were also shown in other classes, but they were much past their best. Special prizes were also offered for eighteen distinct bunch 8 of hardy plants, the best coming from Mr. A. Newell, gr. to Sir E Sxunders, Fairlawn, Wimbledon Common. Delphiniums, Lilies, and such like were in good character. Special prizes were also offered for table plant ■, and these were admirably shown, small, compact, well-grown examples being the rule. Lady Saonders offered prizes for ladies' sprays and buttonholes, Mr. Newell being tbe most successful exhibitor. FRUIT, Etc. The best four dishes of fruit came from Mr. C. Benthy, gr. to Captain Bosworth, Cedar Court, Roehampton, who h;id Black Hamburgh Grapes, Stirhng Castle Peaches, Pine, spplo Nectirine. and a Melon ; Mr. H. Alderman was 2nd, gaining a point in Grapes, but losing on other subjects. Melons were also shown, Countess being the best- flavoured. Mr. C. Kaiowles, gr. to the Hon. Mrs. Eoerton, Roe- hampton, had the best throe bunches of black Grapes, and aLso of white ; the latter were Buckland Sweetwater. Mr. A. Newell had tho best brace of Cucumbers showing Buttons' Progress in fine character. Vegetables made a good feature, the special prizes offered by cerUin trade houses bringing very creditable examples. The best were shovra for those offered by Messrs. D. S. Thom- son ifc Son, the Nurseries, Wimbledon, Mr. French taking the 1st prize. Mr. Thornton was 2nd. Messrs. Jaroea Carter & Co., Holboni, were also donors of prizes. Mr. C. Bentlcy, gr. to Captain BohwORXH, Cedar Court, Boehampton, was let in this class ; and Mr. J. Button 2nd. The Ist prize for Messrs. Sutton & Son's collection was won by Mr. Mills, gr. U) G. D. Carver, Esq., Ingresby. There were sever -1 el.asses for vegetables, but these were not of sufficient importance to call for further mention. MISCELLANEOUS. Messrs. 'J. 8. Thomson & Son contributed a very fine gioup of foliaged and flowering plants, and Messrs. J. Laing & Sons the samt ; and the former also had a large collection of hardy and other flowers. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE HORTICUL- TTJBAL. July 8, 0, 10. — This annual exhibition was this year held about fourteen days earlier than usual, an alteration which has certainly not been any disadvantage, seeing that the high-class character of the show was fully maintained when the exhibits were taken as a whole. Roses, amongst cut flowers, were wonderfully fine and northernmost growers having certainly the advanUgo, nt^tably. Mes.«rs. Croll k, Sons of Dundee. Harrly herbaceous cut flowers, too, were surprisingly good, these alone making a fine display. Violas and Pansies were, as usual, of first-class quality. Specimen-pLints certainly showed a falling off, but groups and smaller plants are improving. Fruit was also good, if not quite so plentiful as on former occasions. Miscellaneous tr .de and o' her exhibits were present in large numbers, adding much to the general cftect. Table decorations and other floral arrangements were again well to the front ; these have been well shown at Ne A castle for many years past. For the past few seasons this Society hai been unfortunate in selecting days which have proved unpropitious as regards weather. It is to be hoped on this occasion it will be more fortunate, and thus recoup its previous los.ses. PLANTS. For a group of plants arranged for effect. Mr. Mclnlyre, gr. to Mrs. Pease, Darlington, was an easy winner his group being put up with great taste, and not in any way crowded or too showy. Bamboos and light Palms (chiefly Cocosplumosus), with well-coloured Crotons, were the chief foliage plants, whilst Antburium Andreanum. Amaryllis aulica, and a few Orchids were the best-flowering examples. Mr. F. Edmond- sos, florist, Newcastle-on-Tyne. w;us placed 2nd, but the fault of covering rather too much ground with the material used was noticeable ; usually it is the opposite to this. For six specimen plants, Mr. Nicholas, gr. to the Maiquis of Zetland, was the winner iu a very ea0E3rd, in whose exhibit were Tropaeolum speciosum- and Sparaxis pulcherrima. PANSIES AND VIOLAS, Etc. For forty-eight Fancy Pansies, Mr. JI. Campbell, High Blantyre, N.B., was 1st, with blooms fine in colour and quite fresh ; Mr. J. Smellie, Busby, near Glasgow, being n close 2nd. With twenty-four Fancy Pansies Mv. Campbell was also 1st, being in this instance followed by Mr. Davison, Dalton, Newcastle. For twenty-four sprays of Violas, six blooms in each spray, Mr, Campbell was once more 1st, and that io keen com- petition, a few of his best being Charm, Magic, Lemon Queen, and Countess of Kintore ; Messrs. W. Paul & Co., Bridge of Weir, Glasgow, was 2nd in this class, two of his best being A.J. Rowberry, a deep yellow, and Archie Grant, a rich purple. Carnations arc always shown well at Newcastle, this occasion beiu^' no exception to the rulo. Mr. J. CAViNti, Tunfitall Ro:id, Sunderland, w;i6" "l&t for twelv^ varictic& with clear, frefch blooms. Mr. Campbell was 1st for twelve varieties in bunches of not more than six blooms each ; and the best forms of the Malmaison here told heavily. Mr. Gavins came 2nd with the tree and ordinary forms, the v7hole being a very fresh, clean exhibit. Mr. Nicholas was a good 1st for twelve varieties of stove and greenhouse cut flowers, showing amongst other good things, Ixora Duffi andDracophyUum gracile. Mr. Mclndoe, gr. to Sir Joskph Pease, Hutton Hall, Guisborough, was a good 2nd. TABLE DECORATIONS, ETC. For a single stand for the drawing-room, Mr. F. Edmond- soN was 1st with a light, tasteful arrangement, the only ex- ception being that the base was rather too massive. Miss Edmondson followed in this class closely. Messrs. Perkins «fe Son, Leamington, were very successful in this section, showing in their usual artistic style, and taking 1st for hand- bouquets (which also gained the Silver Banksian Medal as the best exhibit in this section for bridal bouquets, for a basket of Roses— a most pleasing and effective arrangement, far away the best in its class. Miss Edmondson was 2nd for a basket of Roses ; Mr. Jennings occupying the same position for a bridal bouquet, and Mr. F. Edmondson for a hand-bouquet, the latter a very free and and informal arrangement. FRUIT. For a collection of eight dishes, Mr. Kirk, gr. to J. Thomp- son Paton, Esq., Norwood, Alloa, was worthily to the fore with a fine exhibit, consisting of some fiue Black, and Golden Hamburgh Grapes, a good Queen Pine, Royal George Peaches, Lord Napier Nectarines, Brown Turkey Figs, and Windsor Castle Melon ; Mr. McIndoe who was 2nd, had strong points in his Muscat Grapes, Early Transparent Gage Plums, and Pine-apple Nectaiines. Mr. McIndoe turned the tables on his opponent in the class for four varieties, having as his best Stanwick Elruge Nec- tarines and Muscat Grapes ; Mr. Kirk following with good Grapes and Peaches. For four bunches of Grapes, not less than two varieties, Mr. McIndoe was again 1st, Muscits and Black Alicautes being his choice. In the class for Muscats only, Mr. McIndue was agaiu lat, his exhibit being first-class, colour and matnrityi being conspicuous points. The best Black Hamburgh came from Ur. TuUett, gr. to Lord Barnard, Raby Castle, Darlington. The best Peaches wore a fine dish of Royal George from Mr. Luke Thompson, gr. to A. GuTURiE.'Esq,, and the next best, one of Bellcg.irde, from Mr. McIndoe, who was, however, l.st with a dish of Nectarines or Pine-appic ; tbe 2nd going to Mr. McKknzie with Lord Napier. A fine dish of black TartariAii Cherries gained for Mr. McIndoe the 1st prize, as did, in its class, another excellent exhibit of Tomato Invincible. MISCELLANEOUS. The Silver Medal of the Society w;\s oflered for the most meritorious exhibit by florists and nurserymen not in th comp titive classes. This was awarded to Messrs. W. Fell & Co., Hexham, the chief features in which were the finely grown Conifers, and the hardy flowers. Mr. Jas. Douglas 8t.iged several choice and new kinds of Carnations and Picotees, the best of which were Mrs. Douglas, r-isy-salmon and of fine form; Pandelli Ralli, clear yellow; Winilre-^, deep terra- cotta (better than Reynolds Hole) ; Mr. Eric Hambro. the best white ; Waterwitch and Miss Audray Campbell, as well ;ls Volta.ire, a yellow-ground Picotee with a very bright rosy margin. Messrs. Dobme A: Co., Rothesay, showed an extensive lot of Pansies, Violas, Sweet Peas, hardy border flowers, and other specialties. Messrs, Kent Ar Brvdon, Darlington, showed hardy her- baceous and other flowers, inchiding their fine ne -v form of Chrysanthemvira maximum. Messrp. J. W. Birkenhead, of Manchester, had a large display of choice small Ferns. Mr CuTUBKRTbON, of Rotbesay, another of hardy flowers ; and Mtssra. Joseph Robson t Sons a large group of Conifers, Ac. The firm of Cross & Donaldson, whose specialty is grass and Clover seeds, having been dissolved by mutual consent, the business will, we understand, be carried on as Cross k Cross, at 8, North Bank Street, Edinburgh, and in the old premises at Belfast, in which are fitted up an extensive range of cleaning machines of the most complete description. Trade Notices. The Belgian Syndical Chamber at a recent meet- ing unanimously adopted the following proposition : "The trade in plants in Belgium shall, iu the absence of any express stipulation to the contrary, be tlius regulated ; — 1. Plants are deepatched and travel at the risk of the consignee. 2. Payment shall be made at the residence of the cousignor. 3. Ac- counts between nurserymen living in the same horti- cultural centre (Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, LiJ!ge, are presented twice a year (in January and July). 4. Business transactions between town and town, or with foreign countries, are conducted for cash, with a discount of 2 per cent., or at the expira- tion of three months without discount. [The term "accumulated temperature" indicates the aggre- gate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named : and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Bus. i-g ACCDMnLATED. if It 1 i a 1 5 a "•3 0} ?4 M^>. S tt iS« - iS» - ■^5 >,Ci « p.ja P.^ a II o 1 m Above 42°, di from Mean December 2 -3 i ^* is o i o ¥ 11 V O Oh Day- nav- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. Ins. 0 2 _ 74 0 -1- 22S - 318 1 -f 127 27 •» 16 25 1 1 - 00 0 + 250 - 241 2 - 97 10-4 34 S2 2 0 aver 109 0 -1- 2f.7 - 222 4 - 79 7-4 40 82 3 0 aver 121 0 -!- 197 - 229 , 4 - 83 8-i) 38 36 4 0 aver 116 0 -1- 251 - 247 2 - 70 8-7 33 33 6 1 -f 132 0 + 246 - 240 1 - 74 7-8 36 37 6 1 - 9i 0 + 277 — 228 0 aver 103 19-3 ■27 33 7 1 - 100 0 + 320 - 268 0 aver 94 13-4 27 35 8 1 + 127 0 + 33li - 201) 3 - 78 10-1 45 41 0 ) rtvcr 10-2 0 + 211 - 233 2 -1- 106 16-2 25 30 10 1 + 122 0 + 363 - 2U 3 - 89 131 35 SS 2 -1- 137 0 + 417 - 109 2 - 85 i 7-1 61 46 The districts indicated by number iu the first column are tlie following :— ,.„.,■■ 0 Scotland. N. rrhwipal Wheal- prmbmiui DntriclK— 'l, Scotland. B. ; 2, EnglanH, N.E. ; 3, England. E. ; 4, Midland Counties ; 5, England, including London, S. Fi-incipal Grazing, i-c, Diatricis — li, Scotland, W. j 7, England, N.W. : S, England, S.W. ; 0, Ireland, N. ; 10, IreLind, S. ; "Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather throughout the British Islands for the week ending July 4, is furnished from the Meteorological Office :— " The mnther was generally changeable, with frequent falls of rain over the western and northern parts of the kingdom, .ind occasionally similar conditions were experienced over the southern and eastern districts also. "The Umim-ature did not differ materially from the mean. The highest of the maxima were recorded either at the com- mencement or towards the end of the week, and ranged from 78' in ' Engl.and, S.,' and 77° in ' England, E. and 8.W., to 68° in ' England, N.W.,' and to 64' in ' Scotland, N.' The lowest of the minima were registered on rather irreguliu- dates over England and Ireland, but occurred on July 1 at most of the Scotch stations ; they ranged from 41° in ' Scot- l.and, N. .and E.,' acd in 'England, E.,' to 50° in 'England, N.W.,' and to 55° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall w.aa less than the mo.in over the greater part of the kingdom, but slightly exceeded it in ■ Scotland, N.' and ' Ireland, N. ,' and .just equalled in ' Scotland, W.' and 'England, N.W.' "Tbe brir/ht mnslune was .^omewh.it deficient in most pl.ices, but slightly exceeded the normal in 'Scotland, E.,' ' England, N.E. and S.W.,' 'Ireland, S.,' and the 'Channel lalmds.' The percentage of the possible amount of duration r-mgcd from 51 in the ' Channel Islands,' and 45 in ' England, S.W.,' to -JS in ' Ireland, N.,' and 16 in -Scotland, N.'" July 11, 1896.] THE GABDENEBS' CIIIWNICLE. 51 A R K E T S. COVENT GARDEN, JULY 9. We cannot accept any responaibility for tlie subjoined reports. Tiiey are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who reviso the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quaUty of the samples, the supply in the market, and the demand ; and they may fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, Ed.] Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prii 8. d. s. d. Adiantum, perdoz. 4 0-12 0 FoUa^e plants, doz. Aspidistra, per doz. 12 0-30 0 Heliotrope, perdoz. — Rpecimen, each 5 0-15 0 Hydrangea, various 4 0-60 per doz. . . 4 0-60 Ivy Geraniums per 2 0- 4 0 j dozen 1 6- y 0 Lilium Harrisii, pr. Calceolaria, p. doz. Cock's-combs, doz. Coleus, per doz. ... Crissula, each Dracfena, each — various, p. doz. Ericas,, various, per doz, Evergreen Shrubs, in variety, doz.,,. Ferns, small, doz. ... Ferns, various, doz. Ficus elastica, each 10-76 12 0-24 0 9 0-lS 0 6 0-24 0 10-20 5 0-12 0 10-76 dozen pots Lobelia.9, per doz.... Marguerites, p, doz. Mignonette, p. doz. Palms, various, ea. — specimens, ea. Pelargoniums, doz. ~ Scarlets.p. doz. Spix'ieas, perdoz. ... Bedding Plants in variety. CE8. s. d. s. d. 12 0-36 0 4 0-60 6 0-18 0 4 0- 6 (» 9 0-lS 0 3 0-40 6 0-10 0 4 0-60 2 0-10 0 10 6-S4 0 6 0-10 0 3 0-60 8 0-12 0 Cut Flowers.— Avkr^ob Wholesalk Prioks. w. d. s. d. Arums, p. 12 blooms 2 0-40 Bouvardias, perbn. 0 6-09! Carnations, 12 bun. 4 0-60 — 12 blooms ... 0 6-20' Eucharis, per dozen 2 0-40 Forget-me-nots, p. doz. bunches ... 16-30 Gardenias, per doz. 2 0-40 Lilium [larrisii, per bunch 2 0-40 — Cdudidum, per bunch 10-20 — - 12 blooms 0 4-06 Maidenhair Fern, per 12 bunches... 4 0- S 0 Marguerites, per 12 bunches 10-20 Orchids : — Cattleya, 12blms. 6 0-12 0 O d on to g lossum crispum, 12 bm Orchid- BLOOM Mignonette, p. doz. bunches Pansies, doz. bun. Pelargonitmis, scar- let, per 12 bun. — per 12 sprays... Poppy, doz. bun. Pyrethrums, 12 bu. Roses, Tea, perdoz. — coloured, per dozen... — yellow (Marii- cbal), per doz. — red, per dozen — red, doz. bun. — Ciloire, doz. bn. — Safrano, p. doz. — Moss, doz. bms. Spiraea, doz. bun. Stephanotis, 12 sps. Tuberoses, 12 blms. in variety. 0-6 0 0-6 0 6- 1 0 0-4 0 9- 1 6 0-6 0 6- 1 0 0-6 0 0-6 0 0-2 0 G- 1 0 0-4 0 (J- 2 0 2-0 4 FUDIT.— . Apples, per sieve ... Cherries, whites, in variety, 4-sieve — Blacks, do. , do. Currants, Black, ^-sieve — ited, ^-sievo ... Figs, per doz. Gooseberries, per half-sieve ... — dessert, in variety, per half-sieve ... Grapes, Alicante, per lb. — Hamburgh, lb. — Muscats, Eng- lish, per lb, ... 4 0- 7 0-10 0 7 0-901 6 6- 3 6- 2 0- , (/. i% d. 2 0 2 0 AvERAOE Wholesale pRiOfs. d. s. d. I Grapes, Muscat.Chan ncl Islands, lb. 1 Melons, e.ach ,,. 1 ( Nectarines, Ist size [ perdoz. ... 12 0 6 9 — 2nd do., p. doz. :i 0- li 0 4 0 Peaches, 1st size, 2 6 perdoz. ., 10 0 12 0 — 2nd do., doz. 3 0-40 2 0-26 — 3rd do., doz. 1620 Pine-api'lcs. St. Aii- I chael, o.ach .,. 2 0-50 7 0- S: 0 Raspberries, p. doz. punnets 2 0-26 16-20 Strawberries, 16-26 (Queen's), per duz. 1 lb. pun- 2 6-30 nets 18 0-21 0 VEOETABLE8,— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. 4 0 2 0- 1 0- 1 r. 0 6- 0 S 3 6-4 6 i Peas, per sieve ... Tomatos, homo- grown, smooth, p. doz. lb. — ordinary kinds, per doz. $. d. s. d. 3 0-40 3 0-40 Beans, English, per J-sieve Cucumbers, per dz. Mar rows. Vegetable, I)erdoz, .. Mushrooms, per lb. — (Outdoor), per half-sieve ... POTATOS. Our market is now well supplied with home-grown. Prices vary between 5s. to 7s. per cwt. according to sample. At the moment demand is sluggish. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : Jul'/ i. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, London, S.E.', write that to-day's seed market, as usual at this time of year, was as nearly stagnant as possible. Fine new home-grown Tri- folium, is now obtainable at very moderate figures. French prices for this article, are several shillings per cwt. ab^ve English. Small sowing orders come to hand for Mustard and Rape seed. Cansn-y-seed, bcingnoweheapcr than ever before known, attracts some speculative attention. Hempseed keeps dull. Peas and Haricots, in the absence of demand for same, are well held. Linseed is flat. any POTATOS. Spitalfields: Jul>/ 7.— Quotations : — Hebrons, 90«. to lOOa. ; Dunbars, 100s. to 120s. ; Early Rose, 9fls. to 100«. ; Jersey Kidneys, 100^. to 110.^.; do.. Flukes, 110s. to 120s.; do., Rounds, 90s. to 100s. per ton. Stratford: /w^i/".— Quotations :— New: English, 4s to 5s. 6d ; Jersey Kidneys, 4s. to 5s. 6d. ; do. Flukes, 6s. to 7s. ; Cherbourg, 5s, to 6,*. 6d. ; 8t. Malo Flukes, 5.*. to 55. 6d. and 7s. ; Lisbon. 4s, to 5s. &d. ; Canary, 4s. to 6s. per cwt. Old : hght-soil, 20s. to 40s. ; Magnums, 20s. to 40s. per ton, Farrinodon: Julj/ 9,— Quotations:— Bedford Puritans, 5.^, to 5s. 6rf. ; do., white Hebrons, 5s. to 6s. ; do., reds, 5s. U> 5s. i'd. per cwt. London Market Averages: Juiy 8.— Snowdrops, llos, to 130s. ; Hebrons, 100s. to llOs, ; Early Regents, 100s. to 110s. ; Early Rosos, 100s. to ll(i,s. per ton. BoiioDOH : Jiili/ 7.— QuoUtions ranged from 4o. 6i. to Is. per cwt. , with a quiet trade. Bine of CuruMUER with Fasci4Tion : W. W. This appearance is usually the result of extreme vigour ia the plants, for which, owing to the denudation of many of the shoots when the plants are culti- vated under glass, there are but few outlets left. It seldom appears after the fertile ingredients in the soil are partially exhausted. Twin fruits are due to the same cause. CmtYSANTnE.MUM MANURE: C/iri/saiil. Tlie formula given would be suitable for using at the rate of '.i on. to the square yard, or, Siiy, a teaspoouful to a 10-inch pot once a fortnight from the time the pots are filled with the roots till colour be re- marked inthe buds. Fowls'-manure should be heated by throwing it in a heap against a wall under cover, covering it up with dry earth. It will in a few months lose much of its moisture, and decay will have sot in. Fresh fowl's-dung is dangerous in use. When decayed it should be finely sifted and used as a top-dressing, but not heavily applied. Guano (Peruvian) may be used in the same manner, or a bag may be filled with it and suspcn'lod in a cistern or water-butt, along with another filled with soot. The water when used should be of a light-brown colour, and not muddy. Your third question is answered in these replies. Get Arlijicial Manures, by Ville, pub- lished by Longmans & Co., London. Co.MPLETE In.STUUCTION IN CULTIVATLNO STRAW- BERRIES, Melons, and Cucumbers, ano the Con- struction OF Glasshouses, &o. : Proluic. Such a rode meciim is the new edition of the Ocirdeners' Assistant, shortly to be published by Jlessrs. Blackie & Sons, London and Glasgow. The price will probably be under the sum named in your note. Correction.— Messrs. W. W. Johnson & Son, Limited, of Boston, the raisers of a new Pea, selected among a few others to receive an Award of Merit by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society which met at Chiswick on the 2&th ult., inform us that their new Pea is called, and will be distributed as, "Boston Unrivalled," not as " Boston Unequalled," the name given in our note of the meeting appearing on p. 15. Electric Light, &o. : Austria, The reason why no other communications have appeared is probably because our growers do not see their way to make it pay. Something also must be attributed to our national apathy in the matter of the reception of new ideas and novel practices. Our American cousins find in some cases that it does pay for early forcing purposes. 2. The fertiliser you name seems deficient in potash, unless some is contained in the porphyry. Experience is the only test. Forest-Gate and Stratford Amateur Chrysan- themum Society; IK J. .ST. The schedule of your monthly meetings for the current year is a satis- factory one, and calculated to produce some very interesting and instructive exhibitions at the variou-s meetings. We may suggest that, instead of offering money-prizes at such meetings, it would be better to substitute medals or such like, that may be kept as souvenirs of the memVjers' success. Thanks for the photos. We shall most likely re- produce one or both of thera for the interest of our readers. Hybrid Perpetual Roses : X L. Such a list as you require would be readily ftimished by any good Rose nurseryman. It would occupy too much of our valuable space to be given here. Insects : /. W. T. Conistmic. The large caterpillar is that of the " Puss-moth " (Cerura viuula). R. HkL. —L. B, G. The insect attacking your Dendro- biums is Xyleborus morigerus— in its perfect state a beetle. There is no better means of getting rid of it than by cutting away the parts affected and burning them. Jerusalem Artichoke : P. N. You will find at p. 151 of the Gardeners' Chronicle, January 31, 1S91, a note from Canon Elkcombe, which shows that in the seventeenth century the name Girasole was applied to the Rioinus or Palma Christi, and not to the Jerusalem Artichoke. Malformed Fuchsia Blossom: (r. W. W. The malformation is due to some check in an earlier stage of growth. Melon Foliage Discoloured: G. W. It'. The appearances are not of fungoid origin, but they point to either lack of timely veitilation after the sun has come out brightly, or to fumes from fer- menting stable-litter, or to defective panes of glass. Names op Fruit : Tho. Kyte. 1, is probably Elton Cherry ; 2, Waterloo do. ; 4, Black Eagle do. ; 6, Werder's Black Heart do. ; 8, Bigarreau Napoleon do.^ Cherries, unless they are seen on the tree, are difficult of recognition. Names of Plants : Correspondents not answered m this issue are requested to be so good as to constdt the fnlloieiwj number. — P. W. W. Vauda teres. — IV. ]V. Tillandsia (Anoplophytum) stricta. — W. H. D. 1, Indigofera (Jerardiana ; 2, Cedro- nella triphylla (true Balm of Gilead) ; 3, Achillea decolorans ; 4, Delphinium cashmiriauum ; 5, Co- tyledon orbiculata ; 6, Sedum oppositifolium. — C. W. C. 1 , Carpinus Betulus, Hornbeam ; 2, PotentiUa fruticosa ; 3, Genista radiata; 4, perhaps Gaultheria procumbens ; 5, Alnus cordifolia. — K. D. Next week. — A.L. Next week, — C Walker. Malva moschata, white variety. — C. M. 1, Mag- nolia conspicua, so far as we can tell without tho flower; 2, Liriodendron tulipiferum, the so- called Tidip tree. — Chester. Iviphorbia Lathyris, the Caper spurge. — F. F. 1, Funckia ovata ; 2, PotentiUa atrosanguinea var. ; 3, Cytisus capitatus ; 4, Acer pictum var. rubrum, the A. colchicura rubrum of gardens ; 5, Acer da'iycarpum var. ; 6, Epilobium lancifolium, white. — A'. Y. Schizanthus pinnatus. — A'. }'. Allium Moly. — W. J. W. Utricularia vulgaris.— C. If. J. 1, Thalictrum miuus ; 2, Campanula next week ; 3, Dactylis glomerata variegala ; 4, Geranium pratense, double ; 5, Lysimachia vulgaris ; 6, Oinothera Fraseri ; 7, Hesperis matronalis. Poor-flavoured Melons : i'. .1. M. The fruits veie either not true to nime or the cultivation was at fault, or both. Good varieties are very frequently spoiled in flavour by the excessive application of water at the root, made with the idea of obtaining great size in the fruits, and this end is reached at the expense of flavour. Reports of Meetings: /. D. S. Brief accounts of such society meetings are very acceptable. Si'RucE-GALLS : A. P. H. The galls are the work of an insect — Chermes abietis. They greatly disfigure and injure the tree. Cut off' the affected shoots so far as possible, and burn them. Strawberries : Sir C. S. Carolina superba. "Tomato Cultivation," bt Mr. Gray: P. F. f. We cannot inform you if the paper you mention will be published ; and we should advise your applying to the secretary of the society for information on this head. Vriesea — Vriesia : 0., Amsterdam. The Index Kcie- ensis, which is henceforth our guide till a more excellent way is shown, writes Vriesia, which we presume^ was the original spelling of the founder of genus, and which ia perhaps more classical. Vriesea is more in accordance with the vernacular. Utrum horum mavis a^:eipe / Communications R^^ceived. — M. C. C. — Laxton Bros. — A. V. S.-E. A. ChamMsy.— R. G J. D.— R. D.— G. H.— E. M J. H.— J. W.^J. M.— J. C. H.— A. D. & Sons.— R. L. H.— W. K.-T. B.— J. C. H.— D. R. W.— J. D. -J. A. —J. O'B.— A. D.— M. E. M. Photographs, Specimens, &c., receivkd with Thanks C. CoUett. — A. W. S., the photot^rapU will not beir repro- duction.—3Irs. D. W., many thanks, already figriired at p. 186, Auglist 13, 1S03.—W. A. S.— R. L. H.— J. B.— F. H. >!.— C. C. 52 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. [July 11, 1896. THOMSON'S VINE AND PUNT MANURE. The very best for all purposes. The result of many years' experience. Largely used both at home and abroad. Agent for London : — J. GEORGE, 14, Redgrave Road, Putn. y, 8. W. Agent tor Channel Islands;— J. H. PARSONS, Market Place, Goernsey. Sole Maters :— WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Ltd., Tweed Vinejard, Clovenfordp, N.B. Price Lists and Testimonials on application. Analysis sent with orders of J-cwt. and upwards. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN. BEESUJN'S MANURE, SHEFFIELD.— For Vines, Plants, and Vegetables. Sold with a Gnurint^-ed Analysis. Has stood the test of the principal growers for ovtr 20 years, and is admitted to be the Best for all Horticultural Parposea. In boies, 1». and 2s. 6(i. ; bags, 60 lb., is. ; 1 cwt . 15f, May be obtained through any Seedsman; or, direct (bags only), carriage paid, and liberal discount for cash with t'lal order, from W. H. BEESON, SHEFFIELD. Pure Crushed Bones, all sizes, and other Fertilisers at market prices. Under the Sanction of the Permanent Nitrate Committee. TO GARDENERS (Amateur and Professional). COMPETITORS at HORTICULTimAL SHOWS, and OrHERS. NITRATE OF SODA, the indispensable nitrogenous fertiliser, may now be had of Seedsmen in Town or Country. Warranted of standard purity. Price in tins, contaioing 4 lb., with full directions for use, ONE SHILLING. For destroying Insects on Plants. Used bj CTery Orchid Grower of any note all over the World. The CHEAPE8T and BEST, Half-pints 1/H. pints 2/6, quarts 4/6, half gallons 7/(i, gallons 12/6, 5-irallon Dr\ims 10/6 per gallon. Carriage Paid. E. G. HUGHES, Victoria Street, MANCHESTER. Sold by ail Seed»men. P^imphl-ts free on applicatioa. KILL-M-RIGHT Certain cure for Blight, and all Insect Peats, without injury to plants. Once tried, always used. Samp'e Tin, 2 lb , free by Post, on receipt of P.O. for 2«. lOrf. Price LIST and testimonials on application. The STOTT FERTILISER & INSECTICIDE CO., Barton House. Manchester. GUSHURST COMPOUND, used sinoe 185E) * for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 3 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lathei from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended t>n./l;«t{,Mr.H.SKtxTOH.Seedsman.&o..3.Hollowa7Rd..r . BENSON'S <( JS5. 5s. LUDGATE" WATCH BE.VTS ALL OTHERS FOR ACCtJBACY, DaBABILITY, and 03 '< o is paicE. o to to Send for Book of UluBtrallons and Prices, post-fiee. BENSON'S ENGAGEMENT KINGS. 5000 at Lowest Maker.^' Prices, setwithBtilliante, Emeralds, Pearls, Rubies, Opal, Turquoise, Sco.. of the purest quality. Book of lUmfa- tious, with Patte-n Sizes, post-free. J. W. BENSON, The Steam Factory, 62 and 64, LUDGATE HILL, E.G., And at 28, ROYAL EXCHANGE, E,C. "GARDENS OF TASTE." £10 PBIZES for PHOTOGBAPH8. IN oonneotion with the NATIONAL FLOWEFi SHOW, at the CRYSTAL PALACE, in August, the COUNCIL of the AGRfULTURtL and HORTICU i^TUR 1 1, ASSOOIAIION, Ltd.. offer the above Priz'S, of which deta fi. bj 4 ft With Two Lights, 30b. Pit Lights, Propagating Glarses. FH.^MKS in Evti(Y ^'A^UKTV. STOCK SIZES— In Incties. I2x|0 I4>>I2 18x12 I6x|4 20xl4 20xl6 24x16 22x|8 4x|0ll6xl2 20x12 I8xl4 20x15 22x|6 20xl8 24x|8 21-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, in 200 feet boxes, Srds and 4ths qualities. English Glass, out to buyer's sizes at lowest prices, delivereil free and sound in the country in quantity. PUTTY, WHITE LEAD, PAINTS, OILS, BRUSHES, &o, GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, 34, St. Jotin Street, West Smithfleld. London. E.C. stock Listaand Phoeaon applioation. Please quote Gard. Ckron. RICHARDS' NOTEdTeAT. (Trade supplied on best terms). A large stock of the finest quality ORCHID PEAT. Also for Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Rhododendrons, Ac. By the sack, cubic yard, ton. or truck-load. Can be seen in bulk at London Wharf. Immediate despatch either from London or Qrouods. By Rail or Steamer. Prompt and Special Quota- tions for delivery to any Station or Port. Q. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth. London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and DepOts, Ring^wood, Ham- worthy, and Wareham. Address all letters to London Wharf. WING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION. — I The original, certain, and safe remedy. In bottles. Is. Qd. and 3s. ; per gallon, 12s. Sold by all Seedsmen. CORRY & CO., Ltd., LONDON. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, and CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST From the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21. GOLDSMITH ST., DRURY LANE, W.C. E THIS GREENHOUSE erected and heaUKl complete, id any part of the country, be^t materials only, workmanship Kuaranteed.a,') ft. by lJft.,£.50; 30 ft. by 16 ft., £70. Brick- work excepted. For particulars, seeourCataloKoe, post-free. Superior Portable Frames, large stock ready for immediate use, well made, painted four coats, glazed with 21-oz. glass, carriage paid:— 1-light frame, 4x6, 3tJj. %d. ; 3-light frame, 6X8. 68j. ; 3-light frame, 12 X 6. 8Si. M. Span-roof Frames, 6 x 4. 42 6t. : 9 x 6. £.! i.">j. HARDY BRUIN & GO., LEICESTER. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE. W. JoNKs' Treatise, " Heating by Hot-water," Second Edition, 216 pages and 93 Engravings, 2l. M. nett ; per poet, 2». lOd. V^^' Stourbridge ''PENTS ! TENTS \ \ TENTS ! ! ! — I have X purchased 5000 ARMY TENTS (40 ft. circumference). scarcely used. Complete with poles, pegs, and lines. Cot-t £4 each. Will send any number, carriage paid, for '^%». each; inferior qualities, 22s. and 24i. each. Cash with oider ; can bd sent 00 bpproval. Specially adaptable for sportintf and pleasure purposes. TWO JUST SUPPLIED TO BUCKINGHAM PALACE. The following unsolicited testimonial is one out of many hundreds weekly : — "April 29, 1896. Dear Sir.— Accept my thanks for the tents, safely received to-day, I am veryp]ea'«ed with them. •' F. H. Hiii, Dudding8ton Park. Portobello, Midlothian." MARQUEES for Flower Shows, Sports. &c.— Made of best Tent Canvas. 30 feet by 16 feet, with Pole?, Pegs, Runners, Lioes, Malletp, and Bags, all compUte, ready for use. cash £14, costeia. ANDREW POTTER. Melbourne Works. Wolverhampton. W. COOPER, Ltd.," ORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, The OwQiNiL IrrvENTORa of Cheap Greenhouses, Nurseries— HANWORTH and FELTHAM. The Lakqest Steaj* Horticultural Works in the World. 755, OLD KENT ROAD, LONDON. S.E. Inspection Intited 1000 Houses In Stoc& to Select from. Works cover 6 acres. FOR EVERY READER OF THIS PAPER. We Ijeg to Inform all readers of t&is Paper that we shall have much pleaBure In forwarding to every person one of our REVISED PRICE LISTS, consisting of 400 pages and about 1200 Illustrations, bound in cloth. post-free, on receipt of Six Stamps, published at Is. Small List free on application. w. ''^M/////////£ML^ I MUST BE SOLD. GENUINE BARGAIN. PERFECTLY NEW. 6 CUCUMBER or TOMATO-HOUSES, each 100 feet long. 12 feet wide, 7 feet 6 in. to ridge, :> f(et to eavep. Can be built in one block, or separately. Mide of good sound, well seasoned materials. Frame- work of Ends, yj X 2; Ridges, 4 X l,j ; Bars, 3 in.; Ventilators. 7 in.; Glass. 2i or. Painted one coat. All carefully packed on rail. These were made to order for a Customer who can- not now erect them, owing to some dispute with his landlord. Usual price, £160. As the room is required at once, will accept the low tum of £lOO to immediate purchaser. Address, MARKET HOUSES, care of WILLIAM COOPER, 766, Old Kent Road. London, S.E. COOPER, LTD., HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, 755, OLD KENT ROAD LONDON, S.E. 54 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. LJULT 11, 1890. GARDEN NETTING, Tanned, Rotless, and Weather-proof. Protect your GtardeDB from tbe RavagcB of Birds. 100 yards by 1 yard wide, 3j. I 200 yards by 2 yards wide, 12i. 200 „ 1 „ 6j. 100 „ 3 ,, 9s. 100 „ 2 „ 6f. I aOO „ 4 .. 21J. Carriage paid on orders over Gs. Made any widths, at pro- portionate prices. As supplied to the Principal Public Gardens and Estates in the Kingdom. Maker to the Queen and Prince of Wales. Lists on application. ANDREW POTTER, Melbourne Works, Wolverhampton. EPPS'S A1 PEAT (SELECTED specially for ORCHIDS), Also for Stove & Greenhouse Plants, Hardwood Ferns and Rhododendron do. (Trade supplied). LOAM, SAND. LEAF MOULD, C. N. FIBRE. CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM MOSS, *c. PEAT sent to all parts of the world at Special Through Rates. Large or small quantities. EPPS & CO., r.R.H.S„Peat Depdt, Ringwood. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE PUBLISHER'S NOTICES. QARDBiTEBa' Ohroniolx Tklkobams. — Tht Registered Address /or Foreign and Inla/nd Telegrams is " Oardchron, London," ADVERTISEHENTS. SCALE OF CHARGES fob ADVERTISINQ HBAn LINE CHAnGEO AS TWO. 4 Linei .. £0 s 0 IS Lines ..£0 8 6 6 .. 0 3 6 16 II ..0 9 0 6 ft .. 0 4 0 17 II ..0 9 6 7 .. 0 4 6 18 .. 0 10 0 8 If .. 0 6 0 19 II .. 0 10 6 9 .. 0 5 6 20 .. 0 11 0 10 II .. 0 6 0 21 II .. 0 11 6 11 .. 0 6 6 22 .. 0 12 0 13 .. 0 7 0 23 .. 0 12 6 13 .. 0 7 6 24 .. 0 13 0 14 1) .. 0 8 0 26 II .. 0 13 6 AMD BIXPEKOE FOB EVKBT ADDITIOHAI. Lllre. li set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 30f . UMt across three Oolomns the lowest charge will be 30l. Page, £8: Half Page, £4 10<.; Column, £3. GaKDENERS AMD OTHERS WASTINO SITUATIONS. 26 words, including name and address, Is. M., and Qd. for every additional line {ahovi nine words) or part of a line. These Advertise- ments must be prepaid. This scale does not apply to annovncements of Vacant Sititations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. Notice to Advertisers. — In many instances Semittances in Payment of Repeat Adver- tisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and frequently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Advertisements which they wish repeated. PosTAx Orders. — To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others, — It is very important in remit- ting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at ORE AT QUEEN STREET, London, W.C., to H. G. Cove, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, amd to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B. — The best and safest meant of Re- mitting is by POST-OFFICE MONET ORDER. Advertisements for the current week iruST recuih the Office by first post, Thursday morning. ill Advertlsementa Bhonld be aaOreBsed to tbe PUBLISHER. FnbllBlilng Offlce and Office for AdTertlsements, 41, Wbllinston Stbbiit, Stband, W.C. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S EXAMINATIONS IN GARDENING. " Coaching " by Correspondence arranged for in- tending Candidates nnaconstomed to write papers. Fees moderate, to suit Practical Gardeners. COLVILE BROVniE. F.R.H.S., Heztable, Eeut. E8TABLISHKD 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, SOOTHiMPTON BUIUDDieS, CHAHCEBY LAKE, W.C. TWO-AND-A-HALF per Cent. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on OURBEKT ACCOUNTS, on the mini- mum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. BAVINQS DEFARTUENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows interest at the rate of TWO-AND- A-HALF PER CENT, per annum on each completed £1. BIREBECS BnnjDINQ SOCIETT. HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOB TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAUD SOCIETT. HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF GROUND FOB HVB SHILLINaS PER MONTH. The BIRKBEOK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post- free. FRANCIS BAVKNSOROFT, Manager. WH. DIVERS, Belvoir Castle Gardens, • THANKS the NUMEROUS APPLICANTS for JOURNEYMAN'S SITUATION, which i-i NOW FILLED, and regrets that, owing to the large number, he is 1) of four.— Young man requires situation as above. Good character from present and previous employers Inside, or Inside and Out.— Pi'EL, irnder Gardener, Thome House, Yeovil. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Over two years in last situa- tion. Good references.— F. C, 2, Burleigh Terrace, Winch- more Hill, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN; age 20. — W. Redden, tJ care of Mr. Tibbles, Wernelh Park. Oldham, seeks situation as above. Well up in Plants and Fruit. Excellent references. Willing and obliging. J OURNEYMAN. -Mr. Coatbs, Darnhall Hall tJ Gardens, Winsford, Cheshire, would be pleased to recom- "g""' young man, age 22, as above. Six years' experience. A PPRENTICE. — A Gentleman wishes to ■try. Apprentice his Son. aged !»}. in some establisnment where he would learn Market Gardening. Fruit Growing, 4o., forprofit. Please state all particulars, premium, and references —JOSEPH ROGERS, Esq., Martley. Worcester, England. A PPRENTICE.— To place a young Man as an .Ai- Apprentice in a good Gardening Establishment. - Apply with terms to J. FAIRWEATHER, Havistock, Kelve- don Common, Brentwood. JMPROVER (age 19), seeks situation Inside, A or Inside and Out. in Nursery or Private Establishment. Bothy preferred.— A. WE3TW00D, Theydon Bois, Epping. IMPROVER, Inside and Out.— Age 20; last situation ten months, and five years previous. Can be well recommended.— V. ROBINSON, Essex Road, Hoddesdon. Herta. IMPROVER.— Young Man, aged 18, desires situation in General Gardening. Slight knowledge of Greenhouse. Good references.- H, S., Duloe House, Bath Road, Banbury. TO HEAD GARDENERS.— Young Man, age 22, six years' good experience Inside and Out, seeks situation as UNDER GARDENER.- Kindly apply to K., 1, St. James's Cottages, Squirrels Heath, Romford. 0 GARDENERS.— Young man wants place in Garden. Age 21.— J. SKINNER, 3, York Villas, Birkbeck, Enfield, Middlesex. TO GARDENERS.— Gardener's son (age 21), strong and obliging, life experience Inside and Out, desires re-engagement in a good private establishment or Nursery. Well recommended.— J. COOK, 9, Argyll Street. Bedford. O NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted, by young man. age 22. Inside ; seven years' experience ; good references.— 7, Dagmar Street, Worthing. TO NURSERYMEN.— Young Man (age 26). Good experience amongst Ferns, Palms, &c. Eleven years' in foreign Nurseriea ; twelve months in London Market. —A. STANFERT. Mr. G. Lange. Hampton. Middlesex. AINTER, GLAZIER, &c. — Young Man seeks employment as above. Permanency. Please state wages. Can have a good character. — ALLEN ANSELL, Manning Heath, near Horsham, Sussex. To Hortlcoltnral Builders and Heating Engineers. CLERK, DRAUGHTSMAN, or MANAGER. — A Gentleman of long experience, thoroughly efficient in all branches, requires an appointment as above. Moderate salary.— EXPERT, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO FLORISTS.— Situation wanted by a respectable youth in a Florist's ; age 17 ; willing to make himself useful. Wages 10s. per week. — R, J. p 41 Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. O FLORISTS.— A young Lady seeks situa- tion in a good Florist's as SECOND HAND. City expe- rience, and knowledge of Book-keeping. State wages. London preferred.— E, HOPTROFF, Langton Green, Tunbridge Wells. 56 THE GAB DE NEBS' aHBONiaLE. [JoLr 11, 1896. JOHN BLAKE'S Send for Ulastrated List (No. 27) of FOR RAISING WATER FOR THE Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions. Fountalas. Farms, &c. No cost for Motive Po^ver, which is obtained from a Stream of Water passing through the Earn. No Oiling or Packing required. Made in Sizes to raif>e from 300 tO 300.000 gallons per day. Will force to a Height of 800 feet. BLAKE'S His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught His Highness the Maharajah of Kashmir His Grace the Duke of Devonshire His Grace the Duke of Westminster His Grace the Duke of Cleveland His Grace the D.ike of Portland His Grace the Duke of Sutherland His Grace the Duke of Leeds His Grace the Duke of Marlborough His Grace the Duke of Grafton The Most Hon. the Marquess of Ripon The Most Hon. the Marquess of Downshire The Moat Hon, the Marquess of Abergavenny The Most Hon. the Marquess of Londonderry The Most Hon. the Marquess of Cholmondeley The Right Hon. the Earl of Derby The Right Hon. the Karl of Devon The Right Hon. the Karl of Gainsborough The Right Hon. the Karl of Romney The Right Hon. the Earl of Granard The Right Hon. the Karl Beauchamp The Right Hon. the Earl of Caledon The Right Hon. the Karl of Lichfield The Right Hon. the Earl of Feversham The Right Hon. the Earl of Harewood The Right Hon. Earl Ferrers The Right Hon. the Earl of Harrowby The Right Bon. the Eirl of Wemys-i The Right Hon. the Eirl of Ancaster The Right Hon. the Karl of Scarbrough Tne Right Hon. the Karl of Carnarvon 1 he Right Hon. the Earl of Lond-'sborough PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAMS. FIG. A. raises a of the same water that works it. FIG. B. This Ram, whilst worked by a stteam of impure water, will pump clean water from a well or spring. HYDRAULIC The Right Hon. the Earl of Leicester The Right Hon. Lady Northwick The Right Hon. the Countess of Shaftesbury The Countess de Morella Lady Henry Cholmondeley The Dowager I^ady Williams Wynn Lady Frankland, Thirkleby Park The Right Hon. Lord Hothfield The Right Hon. Lord Leconfield The Right Hon. Lord Ribbleadale The Right Hon. Lord Derwent The Right Hon. Lord Hatherton The Right Hon. Lord Leigh The Right Hon. Lord Raglan The Right Hon. Lord Northbourne The Right Hon. Lord Crewe The Right Hon. and Rev. Lord Scarsdale The Rignt Hon. Lord Broughnm and Vuux The Right Hon. Lord Schro ler The Right Hon. Lord Macnaghten The Right Hon. Lord Cliff jrd of Chudleigh The Right Hon. Lord Walsiogham The Right Hon. Lord Hindlip The Right Hon. Lord Wantage The Right Hon. Lord Hampton (Trustees of) The Right Hon. Lord Burton The Right Hon. Lord Abinger (Executors of) The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Galway The Right Hon. Lard Viacouiit Bridport Ihe R ght Hon. Lord Viscount Por man The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Cli(den The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Bjyne View of Ram worked by Water from a spring, and supplying the house and garden on the hil". RAMS have been supplied to the following amongst others The Bight Hon. T. Sotheron-Estcourt The Rev. Hon. E. T. St. John Admiral Sir George Broke- Middle ton Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. Sir William Gordon-Cummiog, Bart. Sir Frederick A. MiUbank. Bart.. M.P. Sir Henry Hoare, Bart., Stourhead Sir William Fielden, Bart., Feniscowles Sir Robert Menzies, Bart., of Meozies Sir Humphrey de Trafford, Bart. Sir Michael Robert Shaw-Stewart, Bart. Sir Henry W. Ripley. Bart , Acacia Sir W. C. Worsley. Bart., HovioKham Sir Kenneth Smith Mackenzie, Birt. Sir William Eden, But., Windlestone Sir Thomas C. O. Western. Bart. Sir John Shelley, Bart. Sir Charles F. J. Smythe. Bart. Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart. Sir Edward Bates, Bart. Sir EiJmuod Buckley. Bart. Sir A. Woodiwiss. The Pastures, Derby Sir James Robert Walker, Bart. Sir William Gordon, Birt. Sir E. W. Blackett. Bart. Sir H. A. Clivering. Bart. Sir William Jenner, Birt. Sir Spencer M. M. Wilson, Bart. Sir Samuel Hayes. Birt. Sir Morton E. M. BuUer, Bart. Sir J. T. DitlwynLIewelyn, Bart , Penller^are Sir Harry Verney, Bart. FOR RAISING WATER FOK THE Supply of Towns, Villages, Inigailon. Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms. &;c. No cost fjr Moiivd Power, which is obtained from a Stream of Water passing through th« Ram. No Oiling or Packing required. Made in Sizps to raise from 300 tO 300,C00 gallons per oay. Wiii f jrce to a Heignt of 800 feet. Sir Thomas Storey Gen. Mackenzie, Foveran House. Aberdeen General Gerard-Potter Eacoo, The Pole M3Jor-i}en. Sir H. M. Havelock Allan, But. M«j ir-Qeneral Fielden, Witton Park Major-General H. E. Watson Colonel Starkie, Lovely Hall, Blackburn Colonel MiUigdU, Cauldwell Hall Colonel Towneley, Towneley, Lancashire Colunel Hargreares, INIaiden Erlegh Colonel Tremayne, M.P., Carclew, Coruwatl Colonel Miiford. Mitford Castle Colonel Leylaod, Nantclwyd Ha'.l. Ruthin Colonel France- tfayhurat, Daveoham Hull Colonel Richard Wo/hl^y-Worswick Colonel R. R. Jackson, Liitock Hall Colonel J. E. Foster, aansom Seal Colonel Holden. Reedley Houie, Burnley Colonel Legard. Welham Hall Lieut.-Colouel Ltoyd, LillesJea, Hawkhurst Lieut-Colonel Cjttou, Reaseheath Hall ■viajor J. F. Trist, Tristtord, Totnei Major Hardman, RawteosCall Mijc>r Bird. Crookhey, Lancaster Major J. R. H. Crauford, Craufordlan Castle Mujor Dent. Menithorpe Hall, near MUton Major Finlay, Minor Uouse, Little Brickh'll Captain Duuiiombe, Waresley Park Capt. Hippisley, Sparsholt House, Wnntag* Captain Gandy, Skirsi^ill Park, Peur>Lh Captain Townsend. Wiueham Capt. Bosantiuet, Broom-y-Clo.ne, near Rosa JOHN BLAKE, HYDRAULIC RANI WORKS, ACCRINGTON, LANCASHIRE. yV. DUNCAN TUCKER. HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HOT-WATER ENGINEER, EVERY DESCRIPTION of CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, GARDEN LIGHTS, 6fe. BUILDER TO THE PRINCIPAL GROWERS IN THE TJNITED KINGDOM. ORCHID HOUSES, PEACH HEATING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, JUST OUT. ESTIMATES FREE. FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP and BEST MATERIALS. ONLY.. TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THREE MINUTES' WALK FROM SEVEN SISTERS STATION, GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY. Editorial communications should be addressed to the '* Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the OfBce. 41, Wellington Street, Coveut Garden, Lomlor, W.C. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradburv, Agnew. & Co. (Limited), Lombard street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of Ldndon, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Harbt Qillard Cove, at the Office, 41. Wellington street, Parish of St. Paura, Covent Garden, in the said County.— 'Saturday, July 11, 1896. Agent for Maneheater— .Tohm Heywood. Established i84if No. 499.-V0L. XX.{s?„rl SATUKDAY, JULY 18, 1896. [Regt as a Newspaper. Price 3d. Post-free, 3Jrf. CONTENTS. Apple, chemistry of the Bulbs, first-class Cattleya Schroderlana ... Ceanotbus, u pedes in California Ceylon Botanic Oardeus Chemistry of the Apple... Cupressus MoNabiana at Dictionnaire Pratique d'Hor- ticulture Fruit-farm, experimental Fruit-growing Grape, Golden Champion Grape, Madresfield Court Hollyhock disease Horticulture, exam (na- tion in, Class list Maidenhair Fern, pre- served Mealy-bug on Vines and the XL All Vaporiser ... Metropolitan Rose Show Orchid Notes and Glean- ings Pea, early. Giant Marrow- fat Pears, early Plants, new — Cyrtochilum micran- ttium Epidendrum xlpher- oldes OdontogloHsum lutco- purpureum Ash- worthianum 03 Ilaspberry, Superlative... 72 Rhododendron Vaseyl ... 73 Rldgemont fruit-farm ... I Roses and Briars .. 05 , Roses, progress in the hybridisation of St. Louis, botanical gar- den at Softon Park, Liverpool, conservatory at Societies- Cardiff Horticultural ... Chester Horticultural... Reading and District... Royal Horticultural ... Scottish Horticultural Tunbridgo Wells Ulverston Rose Specific characters, value of Strawberry H. du Thury verttts Garibaldi Sweet Pea, a double Tomato disease Vegetable products, notes on foreign Viola Beckiiuia Week's work, the — ApLiry Flower garden, the ... Fruits under glass Hardy fruit garden ... Kitcheu garden, tho ... Orchid houses, the Plants under glass 72 63 63 ILLUSTRATIONS. Cattloya Schroderiiuia Conservatory at Sefton Park, Livenwol Rhododendron Vasej'i 67 71 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imperative that all Copy for Advertisements should he received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNING at the latest, HE TWO GRAND NEW VIOLETS, OALIFOBNIA, PRINCESS OF WALES. Flowers much lart;er than the old kinds, with stalks 8 to 10 inches long; odour stronger and sweeter. Every garden should poBa;8B it. Will be in great request every season. Fine plants, established in pots, 9i. per dozen. H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley. RCeiDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immense stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. An inepeotion invited. Illustrated Catalogue post-free. Tiotoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway. London. N. OSE BUDS for BUDDING.— Best varieties of H. P.*B, warranted true to name, my own selection, 3s. per lUO. or 25s. per lOOO. Cash with order. W. MAQNESS, Rose Grower, King's Acre, Hereford. ERANIUM and PELARGONIUM CUTTINQS. — Best Market sorts to name, from Pot Plants, well ripened stnff ; 40«. per 1000. A Iso Stools of same, U. per 100: cash. MOBLE AMD CO., Conservatories, Finchley Boad, N.W. MALMAISONS (Fink and Blush).— Hbbbkbt TTTE JJID CO., Salesmen, Covent Garden, W.O., are instructed to offer for Sale a very fine lot of this fashionable CARNATION. The plants are very clean and healthy, and well-established in 32'b and 48's. The owner requiring room, is prepared to acoept a low price for cash. For prioes, &o., address as above. Bow Now. „ SUTTON'S FLOWER OF SPRING CAB- BAQE— The finest variety in cultivation for spring use. Of compact habit, having few outer leaves, firm heads of excellent quality. Mr. J. Hounslow. gardener to the Hon. the Marquis of Headfort, aiys :— " Your Flower of Spring is the best Cabbage I have seen. From seed sown last July I commenced cutting March 38. The quality is all that could be desired." Price of seed ll. per ounce poet free. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FBOM SUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, BEADING. N LARGE PALMS & DECORATIVE PLANTS. Immense stock. All sites up to 30 feet for Sale or Hire. Inspection Invited. Prices on Application. B. S. WILLIAMS AHD SON, Victoria ud Paradise Nnr- ieriae. Upper HoUoway, London, N. OW is the TIME to PLANT GAILLAR- DIAS, Pyrethrums, and other Hardy Herbaceous Peren- nials.—Catalogue of KKLWAY AND SON, Langport. Somerset. ENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.— STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture. OEOROE BUNYARD Sl Co., The Boyal Nurseries, Maidstone, beg to intimate that their New Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be had post-free on application. The largest and best stock in the Trade. HRISTMAS~FLOWERS. — Special Low Quotation for White Roman Hyacinths and all other Bolbe of finest quality, for Orders received before July 23. when our New Catalogue will be iesued. If you want the Best Bulbs write to us at once.— THE HOBTICULTUBAL CO.. Levensbulmf, near Manchester. The Narserjmen, Market Qardeners. and General HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION. Limited.— Offices, 1*2. King Street, Covent Garden. W.O. Chairman, UABBY J. VEITCH. Manager and Secretary. ALEX. JAMBS MONRO. CALCEOLARIA. — Garaway & Co. offer Seed of the finest Herbaceous Calceolaria (Rapley's) — see Gardening papers— at !>.. 1>. 6d., and 3f. M. per packet. GARAWAY AND CO.. Clifton, Bristol. Bow Now, for Early Flowering In Spring. ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES. The Finest Strain of Pansif s in the World. Introducer and Grower of all the Leading Novelties. CATALOGUE free on application. FRED. ROEMEB, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. BEGONIAS of the newest and most saperb type, including many rare varieties. Double and Single, for Conservatory or Bedding. See B. R. Davis' Descriptive CATALOGUE, free. A handsome coloured plate of Six Double Varieties and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for Is. B. R. DAVIS. Yeovil Nurseries. Yeovil, Somerset. PRIMULAS 1 PRIMULAS! PRIMULAS 1 26th year of Distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, U. 6rf. per dozen ; lOl. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price; also, PRIMULA OBCONICA, 2f. M. per doren ; DOUBLE WHITE PRIMULAS, id. each. JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. TO DECORATORS and OTHERS.— For Sale, a pair of LATANIA BOBBONIOA, 8 feet high ; and one SEAFORTHIA ELKQANS. 15 feet high. Each well-furnished, and healthy plants.— Apply to BOBT. FOWLEB, Bosworth Park Gardens, Market Bosworth, Nuneaton. ENRY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash, DONTOGLOSSUM LONDESBOROUGH- lANUM, O, MADRENSE, L^LIA PEDUNCULABIS, and L. DAYANA. All fine imported plants, in grand condition, 2s. id., St. ed., 6>., and 7s. 6d. each. 'W. L. LEWIS AND CO., Southgate, London, N. H Table Plants. DRAC^NAS, CROTONS, ARALIAS, COCOS. GEONOMAS, 4o. Handsome Plants for Table Decoration. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. ARR'S AUTUMN FLOWERS. Plant during July or August to flower this Autumn, Barr's beautiful and rare scMcies of Crocus, Meadow SaffrODS, White Lily of the Weat Wind, Yellow Lily of tho Field, &c. DsscriptiTe LIST oa application. BARB AMD SON, 12, King Street. Covent Garden. London. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike; moat productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, 5(. R. AND G. CUTHBERT. Seed, Bulb, and Plant Mercbant§, South^te. N. Efttablished 1797. C ANNAS. — Gabaway & Co. offer strong plants of the above (Crozy's best named varieties), at 9s, and 12j. per doxen ; their own selection. These are equally useful for outdoor and conservatory decoration. GARAWAY AND CO.. Clifton. Bristol. DICKSONS FIRST and BEST CABBAGE.— An excellent variety for Autumn Sowing. Per pltt.. 6f/. ; per oz.. Is. 6d. Mr. Joseph Keeting, Minworth. writeii: — •• I have to-day cut a wagKon-load ot First & Best Cabbaoe. fcrowo from your Seed. I never saw buch a uniform lot of Cabhagea, every one being fit for Market." DICKSONS, Royal Seed Warehouse. CHKSTKB. BOX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled ; obtained highest award for Begoniau exoluaively at the Temple Show. Kxbibition, June till Sep- tember, at Weat Wickham Nursery, near Station, Mid Kent, S.E.R. A visit solicited. —JOHN R BOX, Croydon. LOVELS' YORKSHIRE STRAWBERRIES. Booted Runners, from Maiden Plants : — Boyal Sovereign, Noble. Thury. Paxton, President, and others. 6<. per 100. Beaidy in August. Sample dozen. Is. W. LOVKL AND SON, DrifBeld. RCHIDS — ORCHIDS — ORCHIDS. O Collection of Cattleyas, Dormttniaoa. Harrisonise, intermedia, Mendeli, Mossiee. Skinneri, Trianeei, Trianeei delicata, 3r. each, and Leop^ldii. 45. each, or any eight for 31«. ; packing and carriage paid for cash with order. All guaranteed thoroughly established, healthy, and vigorous. Send for special Monthly List.— J. HUBK8T GBOQAN and CO., Bailway Nurseriee, Worthing. ERNS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS!— (TBADE):— Ferns, in 2^inch pots. Stove and Oreen- house, 30 best selling sorts, 12.. 100 ; ditto, large, in 48's. 10 best selling sorts. 6>. doz. ; strong seedlings, 6r. 100, 50r. 1000; Adi- antum cuneatum, in 48*s, for cutting, 69. and 85. doz ; ditto, for making large plants quickly, 16j. and 20j. 100; Cyperus, Aralias, Grevilleas. 8pirtea,Bhodanthe. & Geraniums, in 48's, 65, dor. ; Marguerites, Heliotropes, Mignonette, Fuchsias, ivy Geraniums, in bloom, in 48'8, §5. doz. ; Ficus. Palms, Dracaenas, Craseulas, Pelargoniums, & Hydrangeas, in bloom, in 48'8. 125. doz. ; Lists free. Packed free. Cash with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries. Longhborough Junction, London, S.W. OBBIE'S FERTILIZING COMPOUND.— A high-class Artificial Manure for all Horticultural Purposes. Tin, about2 lb., 15. 3d. ; 61h. bag, 3s. ; per cwt., 25s. All Carriage Paid. DOBBIE AND CO.,The Queen's Seedsmen, BOTHESAY. ORTICULTURAL MANURE. — Chiefly composed of Blood and Bones. The best fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, Is. & as. ed. ; also in air- tight bags. i cwt., 6s. ; 1 cwt., lOs. Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag ; I cwt. and above sent carriage paid. Cash with order.— O. BEESON. Bone Mills. St. Neot's. Hants. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.B.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept,, Boyal Bort. Soc., Royal Botanic Soc.. Parks and Public Buildings, Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road, Chelsea, S. W . Telegraph Address, "Hortulan us, London."Telephone, No.872f . 58 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jhlt 18, 1898. SALES BY AUCTION . Friday Next. By order of Mr. J. W . Moore, EMon Nursery, Bradford. CTPRIPEDI0M BELLATtTLUM ALBUM. Mr. J. W. Moore begs to ioform admirers of this beautiful Cypripedium that the plauts uow iffered by Auction will coDsikt of Three fino Sppcinien Plants, including the LARSEsr PLANT IN CULTIVATION, con^i ting o( sii very fine growths and thirty l-aves, from 1 inch to 8 inches in leDgth. Also PH4ias MOOREANUM (new). CYPRIPEDIUM SPI- CERIANUM MAGNIFICUM. C. HIRSUTHSIMUM, LiELIA ANCEPS GRANDIFLORA, DKNDROBICTM PARISHn. and others. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 24, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morniog of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central S^le Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside. B.C., on FRIDiY NEXT, Ju.y 24, at halt- past 12 o'clock, IMPORI-ED ORCHIDS, b» order of .Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co , Southgate, CATTLEYA ACLANDI.*. a niCi lot; C. CRISPA; CYONOCHES CHLOROCHILON. in good order; ONCIDIUM PAPILIO MA.IITS; O. FORBESII ; S0PaRONIrESaRANUIFL0RA;0DONTOGLOSSUMR0S3II MAJUS ; O. MADKENSE, &o. The Sale will also include 200 lots from Mr. P. M>:Arthur, 4, Maida Vale. W. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Friday Next. 270,000 KENTIA FORSTERIANA. MESSRS. ROTHEROE and MORRIS have just received the above consignment and will include the same in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, July 24, and offer them at 4 o'clock to the minute. The Seeds have been examined and are in aimply wonderful condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Friaay Next. 3,000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, the very finest ^^■p^broad and big-fiowered Pacho-type, collected by Mr. John Carder and brought home by him personally. The con- signment is in splendid condition, and some of the masses are altogether extraordinary. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the .ibove in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, July 24. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Frellmlnary Notice.— Friday, July 31, 1896. SANDERS GREAT MIDSUMMER SALE. Immense numbers of new importations of grand ORCHIDS, just to hand, in the finest possible condition, consisting of iOOO CATTLEYA AUREA, with the IMPERIALIS FORM of CATTLEYA GIGAS, together with the large incom- - parable CATTLEYA AUREA OHRYSOTOXA ; also, a grand importation of CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA, in wonderful condition. DENDROBIUM DEAREI, an enormous importation, in superb condition ; and other rare and valuable Orchids. ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, oo FRIDAY, July 31, by order of Messrs. F. Sander & Co. of St. Albans. Full description will appear next week. Great Sale of LUlum Harrlsll. MESSRS. PKOXHERUE and MORRIS beg to announce that their Firat Cooaignment of the above are expected to arrive in London in the course of a few days. They will be offered as soon as they arrive, and sold without the slightest reserve. Date of Sale will be announced next week. The coutignment compriBeg— 59,525 BULBS, and consists of the fuliowiug : — 19,?>00 Bulbs, 6 to 7 inches 2b.750 „ 7 to » „ 13.275 ,. 9 to 11 ,. Catalogues may be had when ready, and will be sent post- free on application. M GunnerBbury, W. — Dissolu ion of Partnership. — IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of unusually well- grown PALMS in great variety, ail in excellent health and condition. By order of Mr. Percy Cox. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Oxford Nurseries, Oxford Road, Qunnersbury, W., five minutes from Gunnersbury Station, on WEDNESDAY, July 29, at 2 o'clock, the whole of the STOCK of unusually well-grown SPECIMEN and HALF-SPCCIMEN PALMS, including 133 Latania borbonica, 50 Aspidistras, 3500 Kentia Belmoreana and Fosteriana, 17uO Latania borbonica, 600 Cocoa Wedel- liana, 700 Corypha australis, 100 Chameerops excelsa, and other plants. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. "Vj'URSERY ORCHARD, 8000 feet of Glass. Xl Splendid Market. "Water Supply. Well stocked. Good Going Concern for Sale in West of Eugland. Particulars, 3, Grange Road, Smethwick. ADLEIGH, SUFFOLK. — TO BE MS- POSEU OF, the Lease, Goodwill, Stock in Trade, and Glass Erect'ons, &o., of above NUR->EkY. comprisiog about 1^ acres of Land, convenient DiVELLINii HOUSE. Packing and Potting Sheds, »EED SHOP, and Kittmgs. Lease abuut nineteen ye^rs uoeipired. Rfut JB27. No other Nurnery within several miles. Fiice £l50. Apply to — ,WILLIAM BADMaN, Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Sutton and Heston. Hounslow, Ulddlesex. By order of thi trustees of the late Mr. Frederick Salmon. MR. WOODS has been favoured with instruc- tions to SRLL by AUCTION, at the Red Liou Hotel, Hounslow. on WEDNE-iDAY. July 2-2 lS9i. at 2 for 3 o'Clock in the afternoon (in lots). FREEHOLD, COPIHOLD, and LEISEHOLD ESTATE as under : — Compact Homestead, situate at Sutton, comprising a Detuched Residence, with large Yard, ^^tabling. Loftn. Barn, Packing Sheds, Stores. Cart Houses, and Outbuildings, with Gardt-no, Meadow, Orchard, &c. Area about la. 3r. 26p. Cop>hold of the Manor of Heston. A tract of Land situated at Sutton. Area 6a. Or. Op. Planted with Fruit Trees and Bushes. Copyhold of the Manor of Heaton. Piece of Freehold Land adjoining last lot, containing about 9a. 2r. 37p., planted with Fruit Trees, Gooseberry Bushes, and Currants, possessing an immenee frontage to main roads, within a few minutes of the Heston Hounalow District Railway Station. Three Cottages, situate at Lampton, and known aa Nos. 5, 6, and 7, Agnes Place, producing £35 6s. Od. per annum. Copyhold of Syon Manor. Beneficial Interests in Leases of Sutton Orchard, containing 9 acres. Market Garden Land known as *' Salmon's Ground," New Heston, containing about 5a. Ir, 24p., planted with young Fruit Trees and B-ishes. "The Rides,' Heston. containing 12 Eicres, planted with young Fruit Trees and Busheg. Pieces of Land with the Fruit Trees, Bushes, and Straw- Verries, situate at Lampton conraining lla. 3r. 29p.; piece of Meadow Land adjoining the above, c )ntaining about 2a. Or. Op. Pieces of Arable Land (ronttug Sutton Lane known as Sutton Fields, containing together about 10 acres. Lyon's Close, containing about 3a. Or. 28p. ; also the Land adjoining, containing about 8a. 3r. 12p., with an approach from the Lampton R^d. Piece of Land, containing Sa. 2r. 3*)p., known as Barrack Field. Holding situate at Sutton, Middlesex, and known as Hart's Farm, with Farmhouse- cottage. Farm-buildings, and Fruit and Arable Land ; area about 47 acres. Particulars, with conditions, had at the Red Lion Hotel, Hounslow ; of HUGH R. PEAKE, Esq.. Solicitor, 172. High Street. Hounslow, and at 2, Clement's Inn. Strand, London; and of Mr. WOODS, Auctioneer and Valuer, Hounslow. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! JOHN COWAN & CO., Ltd., Are Next Week oEferiog for Sale (by Private Treaty) a LARGE and SPLENDID COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS, Including many New, Rare, and Fine Varieties. Inspection Invited. Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUES post free on application to the Co . THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, aARSTON', near LIVERPOOL. WANTED, MARKET NURSERY, with 1000 to 3000 lineal feet of Glass-houses (including Vine, Tomato, and Cucumber), within easy diutance of good market town (London preferred), on yearly rental, with option of purchase. Address, with full particulars, A. H., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, to RENT or PUHCHASE, small General NURSERY or FLORISTS BUSINESS. Suitable partnership would be eniertaioed.— Apply, with full particulars, to J. N., South Gill, Annan, Dumfriesshire, N.B. WANTED, to REIST or PURCHASE, on easy terms, a good NURSERY, with DWELLING- HOUSE preferred, suitable for c-'uoumbers, Tomatos, &c. — Send full particulars to F. 0., 107, Poynton Road, Tottenham. t'OR SALE, NURSERY and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, also suitable for Poultry Farmiug, 1 Acre of Laud, 8 Glasshouses, all heated and stocked. Doing fair trade, which could be greatly increased. A 99 years' Lease. Piice for Lease, Stock. Ooodwill, »c., £370. -Write, G. J. L , 68, Willeaden Lane, Brondesbury, N.W. Near the Crystal Palace. FOR DISPOSAL, a SMALL NURSERY, about an acre, well stocked ; about 1000 feet of glass, doing a fairly good Jobbing Business. Established by Adver- tiser over twenty years. Rent of House and Grounds very moderate. Full particulars from — J. POWER, The Nursery, Madeline Road, Anerley, 3.E. TO BE SOLD, COMPACT NURSERY, situated between Brockley and New Cross, comprising nearly 1 Acre of Ground, 4 Glasshouses, with 6-roomed Cottage. Good supply of water, and good Jobbing connection. Fifteen years' Lease. Ill-health sole cause of leaving. No agents. — Apply 110, Broukley Road, Brockley, S.E. MUSHROOM FARM TO LET.— 3^ acres. Mu-hruom House, 270 feet by 80 feet ; Office, Sorting and Wt^igbintt-houHe, extensive and well ventilated Compost. Shed, ana Tool-huuae. Every facility for raising large crops undercover. Eight-room Dwelling-house, Siables, and Cuacb- hou:e, Fowl-houae and Runs. Orchard and two large gardens well ttocked with Fruit. Rent £76 —JOHN RAWLING8, Rawebville, Richmond Road, Klngston-on- Thames. FOR DISPOSAL, a good NURSERY and JOBBING BUSINESS.- Lease twelve years ; Goodwill and Fixtures, &c. Oob, Harness, and two Carts. Full par- tioolars on application.— Swiss Nursery, Perry Vale, Forest HiU, London, S.E. 3 Miles from Coyent Garden. NURSERY for SAL h;. — Lease 26 years; Rent, £i'^ per annum. Three large Gla^s-hou^e8 New Hi t-water Apparatus; room to build six moie houses; Boiler- power to drive nine houses. StocR and everything. £ i^**. Apply to Owner, G. W., Gardeher&* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellingion Street, Strand. London, W.C. To Narserymen and FlorlstB commencing Bualness. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam, the favourite neighbourhood for Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on easy system of Purchase, or to be LST on Lease. For full particulars, apply to Mr. FREDK. G. HUGHES (Surveyor), the Estate Office, Hampton-on-Thames. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Hohticul- Ttnux Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Vauters, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C, and at Leyton- stone. E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. tfOR ORCHIDS and GaRDEMERS t^ Grow them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orohids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Pancras. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for LIST, free. P.MoABTHnR,Tlie London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London,W. ALM SEEDS. — PLANT NOW.— Just arrived, Kentias, Coryphas, Phoenix, Cocos, Sea- forthias, and others. 100 in variety, to name, free, 2s. ^d. ; 500 for lOj. Price to the Trade on application. MORLB AND CO., Conservatories, Finchley Road, N.W. VONAL GERANIUMS, best named, will '^ flower all the autumn, very easy to grow, great variety in colour. Twelve really good named, distinct, strong plants, in 5-inch pots, 8«. per dozen, cash with order. — QARAWAY AND CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol. Choice Vegetable Seeds, FOR AUTUMN SOWING. HAND F. SHARPS will be pleased to give • Special Quotations for their fine Selected Stocks of CABBAGE, TITRNIP. LETTUCE. ONION, RADISH, and Other SEEDS suitable for AUTUMN SOWING, which will be found very advantageoua to Purchasers. Also fine samples of WHITE MUSTARD, and Sowing RAPESEED, at moderate prices. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT. WiaBECH. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, jcc. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jnn., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to— Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars. K.C. N.B. — Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. CHRYSANTHEMUM GUIDE AND CH&YSANTHEKT7DC ALBUMS. I have a few of these valuable works left, and will send a copy of each, post-free, 2s., or separately. The Guide, 8 stamps, the Album. 18 stamps. Both are invaluable to Chrysanthemum Growers. H. J. JO VES. Kyecroft Nursery, Lewisbam. EREMURUS ROBUSTUS One of the finest of the (cpdux, with 10 feet high fiower- stalks. Fine sound, 3-yr.-oId roots, which may be transplanted safely ; offered cheap, in large or small quantities. Price on application. For photo send four stamps. ZOCHEB <& CO., Haarlem, Holland. TULIPS— Bright Colours. EARLY and LATE FLOWERING SORTS. "ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK" Of Thirty-two Octavo Pages, Giving complete history of the Tulip and its introduction into England, &c., by the late John Slater, of Lower Brough- ton, near Manchester, a Tulip name so famous sixty or seventy years since. Nearly 150 sorts to select from, some varieties scarcely ever offered before. The book, which is entered at Stationers' Hall, is full of interest to lovers of " old-fashioned flowers." Price 6rf., post-free. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Daffodil and Tulip Grower, Cork, Ireland. N URSERYMEN Are requested to Send their CATALOGUES and PRICE LISTS to Messrs. HILERET & FORCKEL, NUKShKYMEN, liULES near TUCtTMAN, Argentine Kepublic, S. America. July 18, 1896.] THE GABDENEFS- CHRONICLE. 59 STRAWBERRIES. STRAWBERRIES. JAMES VEITCH & SONS BB(J TO INTIMATE THAT THEY Will shortly be in a position to Supply all the Leading Kinds of the above, either in Pots or Prepared Runners, for Delivery in Autumn. SPECIAL LIST, Just Published, can be had on Application. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. ^- REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD PURCHASE LAXTONS' TWO GRAND NEW STRAWBERRIES Laxtons' "Monarch" & Laxtons' "Leader." BECA USE LAXTONS' MONARCH " is the finest flavonr extant, of enormous size, most brilliant scarlet colour, and beats Royal Sovereign hollow. BECAUSE \ LAXTONS' "LEADER" is the largest Strawberry eve- introduced, of the finest flavour, the grandes second early forcer, and the best all-round aain crop. For the above, and all the best Strawberries in cultivation, go to LAXTONS, ^■'"^^El^rSW BEDFORD. The Largest and Finest Stock in England, thereforH Cheapest. FULL n.LVSTRATBD AKD nK.srRirTIVK LIST POSTED OV APPL/C4T/0N THE SEASELL ORCHID &c., BASKET. THE BEST IN THE WORLdI SEASELLS PATENT. THE NEA TEST ^^ and CHEAPEST MADE. Pt SEASELLS PATENT. PRICELIST in wit No. 2, 4 in. EDWARD SEASELL, F.R.H.S., & SON, Full Pakiculars Post }ree. 135, RICHARDS H)AD, HEELEY, SH:FFIELD. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free SJd. ; Twenty-five Copies, Ss. ; fifty, lOs. ; and one hundred, 208. Money Orders and Pottal Order! thould be made payable to H. G. COVE, at the Post Office, Great Queen Stre»t,oruiort,W.C. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London nly. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STR^STD, W.C, EXHIBITIONS. R O^AL BOTANICAL GARDENS, MANCHESTER. ANNUAL ROSE SHOW, JUIY 2!i. 1896. Early Entries respectfully iovited. Address, HON. SEC. WELSHPOOL HORTICULTURAL SHOW and FETE, August 6. lS9lj. In Powis Castle Park. Open to AU. J. LAMBERT. Secretary Powis Castle Gardens. Welshpool WESTON-SUPER-MARE FLOWER SHOW.— TUESDAY, August 11, 1896. PRIZES — £200 — PRIZES. Schewtt tt « Marsh, Hudderslield. '"HN BELL, Hon. See. Excerpt from " fidinhurgh Gazette'' of Juhi^, 1898" NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Firm of CROSS AND DONALDSON, Sfkd, OiLCiKE, and Manubic Merchants, Edinburgh and Belfast, of which the Suriwc'ib-rs wfre the sole Partners, has this day be*»n Dt SOLVED by mutual consent. The Subscriber JOHN DONALDSON, is authorised to Collect all Debts due to, and will Pay all Debts due by, the Firm. June .%, 1896. ALEXANDER CROSS, JOHN DONALDSON. John Blair, of 28. Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Wnter to the Signet, Witness. ABCHD. Oliver, of 28, Charlotte Squsre, Edin- burgh, Solicitor Supreme Courts. Witness. I take this opportunity of informing you that I intend carrying on the business of Wholesale Seed Merchant as hitherto, at my late Arm's addres., 2-1. St. Giles Street, Edin- burgh, under the style of JOHN DONALDSON & CO.. and I trust to merit a continuance of your favours, — I am. Yours faithfully, JOHN DONALDSON. SPECIMEN GREENHOUSE TREES and PLANTS.— Noblemen or Gentlemen havinj? in their pos- session Large Trees or flants that have out-grown their avail - able space, and which they would be willing to present to the New Public Winter Garden, lately completed at Sefton Park, Liverpool^ about to be handed over as a gift to the Lord Mayor and Corporation of that city, are re(^uehted to communicate with Mr. H. HERBERT, Superintendent of Parksand Gardens, at Liverpool, who is authorised to defray all expenses attend- ing the removal of any accepted plants. The Plants most desired are the following :— Palms, 15 to 20 feet high ; Tree Ferns, with good stems ; Bamboos, Acacias, Araucaria eicelaa, Rhododendrons, Eucalyptus, Yucoas, fcc. As the building is 70 feet high, and big in proportion, and has been built by Messrs. Mackenzie & Moncur. of Edin- burgh, with every modern improvement, a happy home will be secured for any Trees or Plants presented as above Address, Mr. HENRY HERBERT, Superintendent's Lodge. Sefton Park, Liverpool. ORCHIDS - ORCHIDS. Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICS; DGIfDB,OBES A SPECIALTT. Please Write for List. EX' iTTC NITRSEFIES, CHELTENHAM. JAMES CYPHER. TENTS ! TENTS 1 1 TENTS 1 1 1 — I hav« purchased 5000 ARMY TENTS (40 ft. circHmferenee), scarcely U8«d. Complete with poles, pegs, and lines. Cost £6 each. "Will send any number, carriage paid, for 28«. each ; inferior qualities, 22s. and 24j. each. Cash with order ; can be sent on approval. Specially adaptable for iportinir and pleasure purposes. TWO JUST SUPPLIED TO BUCKINGHAM PALACE. The following unsolicited t«8tim«niial is one oat of many hundreds weekly : — •' April 29, 1896. Dear Sir, — Aceept my thanki for the tents. safely received to-day. I am very pleased with them. " F. H. Hill, Duddingston Park, Portobello, Midlothian," MARQUEES for Flower Shows, Sports. &c. — Made of beet Tent Canvas, 30 feet by 16 feet, with Poles, Pegs, Runners Line^. Mallets, and Bags, all complete, ready for use, cash jei4, cost £36. ANDREW POTTER, Melbourne Works, Wolverhampton , 60 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 18, 1896. ^V. DUNCAN TUCKER. HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HOT-WATER ENGINEER, EVERY DESCRIPTION of CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, GARDEN LIGHTS, 6fc. BTJILDEB TO THE PRINCIPAL aKOWEBS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. OBCHID HOUSES, Sj^-r ■-■.eAesS$»'^.,?^Cr HEATING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. SEND FOB ILLUSTBATED C^TALOGTJE, JUST OUT. ESTIMATES FBEE, FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP and BEST MATERIALS ONLY. TUCKER, TOTTENHAM, THREE MINUTES' WALK FROM SIVEN SISTERS STATION, GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY. Tiiiiiiii;iiiMiri,iiii uiiiinii;iiiiiM,riiiiiiiiiim!inniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiinHiiin Jdlt 18, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 61 THEE CAitNATIONS, for Winter-blooming. — Try a sample doz. box on rail for fix. to include Misa JoliCfe Improctd. La Neige, Reginald Godtiey. Sweet Briar, Portia, l)a) br-ak (these last th ee Americans) ; M. Tbeiftse Franco, and W, Scott. DOUVARDIAS in great variety, 2.s. per doz. BEGONIAS.— The finest strains obtainable. Sirgles, is p T dozen ; Doubles, 2s. 'od per doz-n. GLOXINIAS.— Hethersett noted strains, and Emperor Frederick. A It packed on rail for cas-h with oider. .TIMES GREEN. Reliance Nurseries, March. FERNS 1-FERWS!! A larj(p qnqnti'y of Smill FERNS, nice buthy stuff, ready to I'Ot ou. or for riecoiative purp^tes, lu 2J inch pota. — Pteris crifctat-i. nobilit. maj ir, and tremula, at 9». per 100 ; 5U0 and upwards, at 8s. bd. ADIANfUM CUNEATUM. in emaU thumbs, 10». per 100. Id 48'a, Pfriy tremula, at 4«. 6(i. per dozeo. Above pricea are for cash with order. Packing Free. An Intptction at the Aurseries is Invited. B. PRIMROSE, BLACKHEATH NURSERIES, ST. .TOUN'S PARK, BLACKHEATH, S.E. DUTCH BULBS. PRnE LI3TS Of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c., FREB on APt-UCATION, for SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS. Apply to— S. A. VAN KONIJNENBURG & CO., NOORDWIJK, HOLLAND. 30,000 SEEDLING FERNS. PTEBIS CRISTATA, P. TREMULA, P MAJOR, and P. COM- PACTA, ais. per 1000, Packing Free. Sample 100, 4s., CaTTiHge Free. PTERIS TBEMULA, in 48"9 4s. per dozer. CYRrOMlUM 3s. ed per dozen. Packing Free. Cash with Order. FLASHET NURSERY, East HAU. SAVAGE & SON, MUNQO CHAPMAN, late of Easter Dud- diuf^ston Lodge, Mid-Lothian, begs to intimate to his friends and acquaintances that he retires from his present situation on the 20th of the present month. He has arranged to reside at St. Ninians, near Stirling, where he intends to commence the Cultivation and Sale of Hardy Plants on bis own account. With the experience gained during twenty-four years in the management of one of the most ehoice private collections of plants to be found in the British Isles— that of the late Charles Jenner, Esq.— Mr. Chapman can confidently undertake to supply what is select and true to name of the most euitable plants for Borders and Bock- work. He hopes to be able soon to issue a Plant Catalogue, from which customers may make their own selection. In the incerval, he will be fully employed in getting up Stock. May 19, 1896. RETAKDED ULYOFTHE VALLEY CROWNS!! Write for Prices to— T. .TANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DERSINGHAM, NORFOLK. FERNS SPECIALITY. We have an immense stock of all binds of Ferns, Stove, Green- bouse, Filmy, Hardy Exotic, and British, including many very beautiful varieties rarely seen, but which ought to be more generally grown. Catalogue free on application. W.&J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., FEEN MURSER/B.S, SALE, near MANCHESTER. WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE. THE EARLIEST AND BEST. 6d. and 18. pei packet. Is. 6d, per ounce. From Mr. O. H. BALL, Comer Oardens. " I herewith forward you a photograph of jour valuable Cabbage— the Emperor. I find it is the earliest, largest, and most compact variety I ever grew." p^^ ounce. EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE Sd. ENFIELD MARKET do. 6(t EARLY RAINHAM do. 8d. RED DUTCH ... do. 9d. ONION. WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI GIANT ROCCA WHITE LISBON Per pkt. Per ounce. ... 6d. 18. 6d. ... 6d. ... lOd. ... 6d. ... lOd. fid. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail. Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, to H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince cf Wales. WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. PRELIMINARY OFFER. BEST BULBS FOR EARLY FLOWERING. CARAWAY & CO. OFFIiR : — ROMAN HYACINTHS, 4}-inch and upwards, 13s. M. per 100. ,, ., smaller 10s. ftd. ,, PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS is. DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS 6s. For delivery in August. UNNAMED, SECOND SIZE HYACINTHS, in separate colours 14s. Od. per 100. NAVED ditto, our selection 18f. 6i. „ SCARLET VAN THOL TULIPS 3J. «d. .. LA REINE TULIHS Sl.'bd. „ CllRYSOLORA TULIPS 7J id. „ NARCISSUS, CYNOSURE 3s. M. „ PRINCEPS 5s. For August delivery. All orders over ^s. carriage paid. 3s. in the £ discount off all Bulbs for '* Cish with Order." CATALOGUES ready in August. DoTdham Sown Nurseile8, Cufton, Bristol. CARAWAY & CO^ THE YOKOHAMA NURSERY GO. LIMITED, Nos. 21-35, NAKAMURA, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN. Tbe Largest Exporters and Qrowers of LILY BULBS, CYCAS STEMS, DRIED CYCAS LEAVES, DRIED EULALIA PANICLES, MOSS, SEEDS, TREES, SHRUBS, &c., Produced in Japan. DESCRIPTIVE CA TALOGUES sent on application. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM MAXIMUM VAE. MARGUERITA MARWOOD. A beautiful variety, surpassing all others of this class. It grows about 2 feet high, and the snowy-white flowers are larger, of greater substance, and being beautifully refleied, they are more graceful than any of the other vars. of these popular Herbaceous Plants, Aivarded a Fint-clast Certificate the only time tihibited. Strong Plants in pots, It. 6d. each ; 16s. per dozen. Carriage and Packing free. Sample Blooms sent on payment of Postage. KENT and BRYDON, DARLINGTON. THE (!5ar(lcncr.f d|Itronicle. SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1896. RIDGEMONT FRUIT FARM. /^N the 9th inst., at the invitation of the Duke ^-^ of Bedford and Mi-. Spencer Pickering, a party of scientific men visited the experimental farm established by the Duke to settle various controverted points of practice, to ascertain which varieties are best adapted for commercial purposes and which most suited to local condi- tions. The cultural details are under the direc- tion of Mr. Lewis Castle. The area occupied is about 20 acres, nearly level, rather exposed, and with a sandy loam soil overlying the Oxford clay. On a hot dry July day the soil was dusty, but in wet weather it is said to become pasty. The plantation has been established little more than a year, so that some considerable time must elapse before any definite results can be arrived at. In the meantime, the establishment is a model of good cultivation, and thus already aflbids an excellent object-lesson. The experiments have beeuplanned and carriedout, so far as circumstances will allow, with scientific precision. The soil has been analysed, and •aroful records taken, so that we shall ulti- mately have for fruit as exhaustive a mass of information as is now available at Rothamsted in the caso of agricultural crops. Only a com- paratively few varieties of each kind of fruit are grown (unless in the case of Strawberries). In this way the risk of the whole experiment breaking down under its own weight is par- tially obviated. But even under existing cir- cumstances, the collation of the evidence obtained will be a serious undertaking. The general scheme of the experimental trials may be gleaned from the following notes. At the present time the most striking features are those plots which are designed to show the effect of neglect. Two long plots are very con- spicuous is this respect, the one where the planting has purposely been badly done and no care taken subsequently, tbe other where weeds of all kinds have been allowed to grow on the plots — the result of the struggle for exist- ence in both cases is most striking throughout the whole length of the plots. The unfortunate fruit-trees are rapidly succumbing to starvation and other adverse circumstances. A few miles off a series of experiments on agricultural crops has been carried on for some years under the auspices of the Royal Agr'cultuial Society on the Duke of Bedford's land, under the direction of Prof. Voelcker, and on the same general lines as those at Rothamsted. So far as the action of manures is concerned, the results are broadly like those at Rothamsted, with slight variations from different local conditions. Among other experiments are some made with a view of explaining the causes of Clover sickness, by inoculating the soil with bacteria from various leguminous plants, and then growing Clovers on the soil so treated. At 62 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 18, 1896. present the results are not conspicuous, but a crop of Lucerne is floui'isliing on land which will not at present carry Clovers. Considering the dearth of such experiment stations in this country, and the extreme importance of the results to be obtained, it is highly gratifying to see such work being carried out, work which will lay the cultivators in this country under profound obligation to the Duke, by whose enlightened direction the scheme has been thought out, and is in progress o£ realisation. Apples. Dwarf Trees. — For the following experiments (Noe. 1 to 180) dwarf Apple-trees on a broad-leaved Paradise stock have been planted. The trees were all three years old when planted, eighteen trees being taken for each experiment. Six of these are Bram- ley's Seedling, bIx Cox's Orange Pippin, and six Potts' Seedling, these three varieties showing marked differences of habit. The distance allowed between neighbouring trees is 11 feet in all cases, except in that of Bramley's Seedling, where the distance has been increased in one direction to 1.3 feet 6 inches to suit the more vigorous habit of this variety. Every set of eighteen trees devoted to each special method of treatment ie planted in a line running across the thi-ee plots. There are six experiments in which the treatment of the trees will be normal, and these are distributed at about equal intervals down the plots, so as to ascertain whether trees, when similarly treated, yield the same results, independent of their position in the plots. Treatment of Brancluis. — The results to be com- pared here are those produced by different methods of dealing with the branches, as regards cutting-baclc, pruning, and pinching. Moderate and hard-pruning will be compared ; some trees will have the growths pruned, but not pinched ; others will be subjected to the reverse treatment ; while in one experiment the branches will not be shortened in any way. The different effects of branch and shoot reduction in summer and autumn will also be compared. Trealment of Routs. — Root-pruning is the subject of investigation in these plots. Some trees will be pruned annually, others every second or fourth year, and some only when it appears to be necessary. In one experiment, lifting the trees without (as far as it is possible) injuring the roots will be tried ; and in another, the roots wUl be neither pruned nor dis- turbed in any way. Treatment of Surface-soils. — In these five ex- periments it is intended to ascertain the effects on trees of loose or hard surface-soil, and also the differenoei produced by the soil being occupied with other plants. In one instance the ground is hoed and covered with straw, in another grass is grown and out, in a third the surfece is hardened, in the fourth the soil is dug close to the roots, and in the fifth weeds are allowed to grow. Manures. — The different effects of artificial and farmyard-manure will be examined in these plots. As regards artificial manures, the separate and com- bined effects of the three chief food-substances— nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium — will be ex- amined, as well as that of other substances, the influence of which is at present less known. Avioiint of Manure. — Here the amount of manure applied will be varied, and the results compared with those from an unmanured plot, and also from one in which ths quantity of manure supplied is increased eveiy year. Time of Applying Manures. — In the majority of the experiments where artificial manures are supplied, the mineral manures will be used in the autumn, and the nitrogenous manures in the spring ; but in these experiments the effect of the time of application of the dressings will be investigated by selecting different periods of the year for their application. Methods of Planting. — Three experiments are d voted to the illustration of the effects of bad methods of planting and neglect. The first series of trees wiU receive ordinary treatment in all respects except in being badly planted ; the second are badly planted and neglected, but wQl be manured ; while the third are badly planted, neg- lected, and will ni>t be manured. lu theother plots, the effects of plantiug in gi- .und dug only 1 spit deep, in ground dug 2 or 3 feet deep, aud in holes with chalk bottoms, are investigated, as well as the effect of high and low planting. Planting/ in Different Soils. — In these instances the stations for the trees were specially prepared and filled with earth mixed with chalk, stones, gi-avel, peat, or rich compost. Times of Planting. — Comparison is here instituted between trees planted in autumn, winter, and spring. Removing Flowers. — It is intended to remove all the flowers from these trees for several years to test the effect of so doing on their after-growth and produce. Damaged Trees. — Some of the trees planted here were severely barked by hares, others were rejected from preceding experiments for various bark and wood injuries, indications of canker, &c. They will receive ordinary treatment, aud be compared with healthy uninjured trees. Some of the above-mentioned experiments are being repeated with a fom'th variety of Apple — Stir- ling Castle — \\diich is a weaker grower than any of the thi'ee varieties just mentioned. The distance between the neighbouring trees in this case is 6 feet 6 inches. Standard Trees. — Similar experiments are also being made in some instances on standard Apple- trees grown on the Crab-stock. Each experiment in this case, is made on six trees of Bramley's SeedUng (Nos. 189 — ^199), six of Cox's Orange Pippin (Nos. 201 — 211), and six of Lane's Prince Albert (Nos. 213 — 215) : these were all four years old when planted. Different Metliods of Training. — The irregular spaces at the top of the field have been utilised for experiments on different methods of training. From six to twelve trees of each of three varieties of Apples havfa been planted for each experi- ment. The varieties are ; — Bramley's Seedling. Cox's Orange Pippin, and Stirling Castle — all on a broad- leaved English Paradise stock ; but in this case the trees were planted ai maidens, instead of three-year- olds. With the horizontal espaliers the trees will be trained so as to point in four difl'erent directions, in order to determine the effect of diff'erent aspects- Bushes, bowl-shaped and pyramidal trees ; espaliers, cordons. Varieties of Apples. — As it was found impossible to obtain the number of varieties of Apples required all of the same age, and all on both the Crab and broad-leaved Paradise stocks, a number of these stocks have been planted, which will be budded or grafted when ready for these opera- tions. About 120 varieties of Apples have been selected, and of each o£ these there will eventually be eight trees, four on each of the two stocks. Two of these will, in every case, be subjected to severe pruning, and two to very slight pruning. The trees will also be so arranged that, by dividing the plots lengthwise, they will form two precisely similar halves, on which the effect of different insecticides may be tried. Stbawbebbies. On the north-east border of the ground thirteen plants of each of eighty varieties of Stirawberries have been planted. From these runners will be taken, aud fresh vows planted annually 2 feet from the pre- vious ones, so that ultimately each variety will be represented by plants of five different ages. Data will thus be obtained for the comparison, not only of different varieties under similar treatment, but also of the same variety at different periods of its life. Supplementary plants of the different varieties have been planted between the Apple-plots in spaces which will eventually be used for paths. London manure, at the rate of 30 tons to the acre, has been used for all the Strawben-ies. The different varieties are not at present in a strictly comparable condition, owing to their not having been planted at the same time, and owing to some of them, chiefly those planted late, having been weakly when planted. Demonstration Plots. Three half-acre plots are devoted to demonstrating how ground mjy be advantageously cropped with fruit by farmers, growers for market, and cottagers, respectively. The Aerangement op Trees. Near the garden-house three plantations of bush Plum-trees have been formed, with the object of ascertaining the respective merits of different systems in which the same number of trees may be arranged in a given space. Each plantation consists of 36 trees — 12 Monarch, 12 Czar, aud 12 Victoria — surrounded by trees of Rivers' Early Prolific for protective purposes. Each plantation represents an arrangement giving 1210 trees to the acre, and therefore, every tree has the same amount of space allotted to it. Hedges. About 3600 feet of hedgerows have been planted, with the primary object of forming a protection from the wind, and with the secondary object of ascertain- ing the economic value of different fruit-trees grown in this waj'. The distance between the trees in these hedges varies from 2 to 6 feet. Local Apples. Collections are being formed of varieties of Apples which are characteristic of particular localities, or which have originated in other countries, and are little known here, the object being to ixscertaiu whether any of them are worthy of more extended cultivation in this country. Varieties of Scotch Apples, varieties of Irish Apples, Apples of Con- tinental origin, comprising French, German, Italian, and Russian varieties. The Nobsery. Part of the ground on the south side of tlio brook is laid out as a nursery, and planted with stocks for budding or grafting. These include Cr.ib, Paradise, Pear, Quince, Hawthorn, aud Cherry-plums. Other spare parts of the ground have been put to a similar use. Trees and Shrubs. A collection has been commenced of species and well-marked varieties of Pruuus, Pyrus, and Cra- taegus, together with other members of the nalMral order of Kosacese, partly to form an ornamental border between the nursery and the brook, aud partly with a view to experiments in raising seedlings for stocks, and for other purposes. The forms arranged under Prunus include Almonds, Peaches, Plums, and Cherries, representing the sections Amygdalus, Armeuiaca, Prunus, Cerasus, Padus, and Lauro- cerasus. The forms of Pynis include Pears, Apples, White- beams, Mountain Ash, Quinces, and Medlars, repre- senting the sections Pyrophorum, Malus, Aria, Adenorachis, Sorbus, Cydonia, aud Mespilus. The forms of Cratiogus are planted near the uorth- west end of the border, and at intervals are collections of Ribes, Rubus, Spiraja, Berberis, Philadelphus, Syringa, and Laburnum, with other trees and shrubs valued chiefly for their flowers or fohage. The banks of the brook and the borders will be devoted to various plants adapted for such situations. On the north-west side of the farm are planted a number of quick-growing trees for shelter, chiefly varieties of Poplar, Maple, and Lime. Viola Beckiana (F. Piala).— In the current number of the Wiener Illustrirtc Qartcn Zeitung is a coloured figure of a new species of Viola from Bosnia. It has erect, slender stems, linear leaves, and very narrow stipules, with flowers suggestive of those of V. cornuta, but with a much shorter spur. There appeaj" to bo two forms, OQe with bluish-lilac flowers und a yellow eye, the other with slilpbur-yellow flowers. July 18, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 63 New or Noteworthy Plants. EPIDENDRUM XIPHEROIDES, Krd., n. up* Plate 11 1 in the highly esteemed Refwj. Botanicum, represents under the name Epidendrum xipheres, Rchb. f. , a plant from which our species differ by its much larger bulbs and the smaller flowers of a dif- ferent colour, but with which it agrees very well in the most important botanical characters. The general shape of the bulbs, the narrow thick leathery leaves, the arrangement of the flower-stalk, also the peculiar glassy warts on the ovai'y, the most striking of all characters, are about the same in both species, but there end the affinities. The sepals are lanceolate, the petals linear, both of them dark green, with sordid purplish lines, the lip is very prettily golden- coloured with a thick whitish callus, hollowed on its surface, from which five thick elevated Hues run through the anterior part of the lip. The side-lobes are very small aud inconspicuous. The plant is said to be of Brazilian origin, and flowered with Mesfsrs. F. Sander & Co., at St. Albans. F. KrdnzUn. Cyktocbilum micranthum, Krzl., n. sp.-\ This plant resembles in every respect a small flower- ing form of the old Cyrtochilum maculatum, Lind. The lip, however, is quite different, its lateral lobes being well developed, and the middle one larger, obovate, and rounded at the top. In all specimens of trae Cyrtochilum maculatum, the side-lobes are small and confluent with the lip itself, and the anterior or middle lube goes out into a sharp point. As the crowd of varieties ranging under the collective name of Cyrtochilum maculatum has increased to the amount of a small genus, I believe it is better to estatjlish a new species, if we have a tolerably good character to separate it from the typical forms. Such a character we find in the lip. The colour is not very pleasing ; it is, in short, that of the paler-coloured varieties of Cyrtochilum maculatum ; the Up, how- ever, has also its peculiarity, the base being white, with two pale chocolate-brown blotches running sometimes together into a broad brownish band, the anterior half being pale yellow. The plant was intro- duced from Brazil ; it flowered in June with Messrs. Sander & Co., at St. Albans. F. Krdndin. OdONTOOLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM AsHWORTHIiNUM. This is an extraordinai'ily beautiful variety, and one of the largest of the colom-ed Odontoglossums, its flowers being 5 inches across the sepals from tip to tip, and 4 4 inches across the petals, all of the segments being broad, and of a similar thick texture to that usually foimd in 0. triumphans, which in other par- ticulars this variety resembles. So great is the resem- blance that cursory examination of the flower would suggest a hybrid of that species. But the Up, although larger than usual, has the unmistakable crest of that form of 0. luteo-purpureum known in gardens as 0. hystrix. The sepals are of reddish-chestnut-brown, * Epidendrum xlpfteroidts, Krzl., n. sp. — Ail, Epid. xipheri, Rcllb. f. Bulbia maguia ovoideis v. obpyriformibus. 7 cm. altis, 3'5 cm. diam., iipice diphyllis ; foliis Unoaribus acumi- natid crasissirais cartilagiueis caualiculatis ad 20 cm. lungis ad 1 cm. latis ; racemo tenui paucifloro ; bracteis subuullis ; ovariis brevi-pedicellatia cicatricibus hyalinia dense obtectis; eepalis lanccolatis acutis lateralibus latioribuB ; petal i.s lineari- bus apicem versus paulo latiuribus fiequilonj^risomnibus acutis ; labcllilobis lateraiibus brevibus obtusif*. lobo intermedio late oblongo (fere quadrato) marwine undulato callo disci elevato carnoso supr.i. excavate aiitice iu lineas 5 elevatas carnosas exeuutc : gynosteraio basi cam labello coalito supra lato inarginato, ceterum generis. Sep. petalaque, atro viridia obscure V'lirpureo-lineata. labellum antice aureum, gynoste- niium aPiidiim. omnia floris fuliola 1*5 cm. louga. E. BraaUia allati dicitur, floruit Junto Verulamii. F. Kt amlin. t Cyrtorliih>.)ii hiicraiUliu^n , Krzl., n. sp. — Afi&ne C. macu- late, Lind., differt floribua uiinutis vix 2 cm. diametro et labello ; labelli lobis lateralibus bene evolutis rotundatis, lobo intermedio obovato-oblougo antice rotundato lineis in disco 4 deotes a^quales inter ipsos lobos laterales formantibus, lineis lateralibus brevioribus, callo didymo in ipsa basi ; gynos- temii alis subnullis. Sepala petalaque vii-idia apicem versus lutesceutia toaculis magnis bni eis notata, labellum basi album a medio apicetn usque luteo macula magna bmnnea utrinque, liaoia e'evatis violaceo marginatig. B. Brasilia importata dicitur ; floruit Verularoii, Junto, 1896. F. KranzUn. with clear citron-yellow tips, and one or two yellow spots at the base. The petals are of a creamy-yellow tint on the inner halves, and citron-yellow at the tips, and they bear three large and a few small red-brown spots, and a purple ray at the base. The large fringed lip is of primrose-yellow colour in the front, and red brown in the middle, iu front of the hand- somely-toothed and fringed white, yellow, and purple crest. It flowered with Elijah Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, Cheshire. James O'Brien. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII, tab. SHUTTLE- WORTHII. This noble form of the plaut, at one time known as C. gigas, made a great stir when it first flowered ; and despite the large numbers since imported, it is pleasing to see that it maintains its good reputation. The flower is large, and the rich purplish-rose of the sepals and petals, and the dark, velvetty crimson- purple hue of the broad front lobe of the lip, make it a very gorgeous object, the bright dark purplish-rose veining of the exterior of the side lobes of the lip being additional beauties. The original plant, now in Lord Rothschild's collection at Trmg Park, is carrying a grand six-flowered inflorescence. Other shosvy plants, viz., C. x Hardyana Laversinensis, and another very fine form of C. x Hardyana, ai-e also iu bloom at this place. /. O'fi. Cattleya Oaskelllaka, Bank House Vab. This very fine variety is flowering in the collection of Mrs. Briggs-Bury, of Bank House, Accrington (Mr. J. Wilkinson, gr.). It is what is called in gardening phraseology, a " good square flower," well filled up in all its parts, and is remarkable among others for great substance and breadth of petal. The flower itself measures 7i inches across, and the breadth of the petal just touches 3 inches. It is of a fine rosy-lilac shade, the sepals and petals being alike iu colour. The colour of the lip differs from the type, in having a brilliant yellow (not lemon) blotch on the epichilium, surrounded by roseate- pui-ple lines, and edged with blush-pink ; the interior of the lobe has grand rayed crimson-purple lines, the expanded portion of the lip measuring 2 inches by 2 inches, A comparatively small plant is bearing on one spike three equally fine flowers, partaking of the mixed character of C. Mossiffi aud C. Gaskelliana. This Gaskelliana division of the Labiate Cattleyas comes in after C. Mossia, which is preceded by C. Schroderi, and by C. Trianaei, and is generally followed by C. Rex, and by C. labiata itself, which, along vrith others, provide a continued cycle of Cattleya flowers in anything like a good collection. /. A. leaves is, or may be, practically all returned to the soil, that removed by the gathering and marketing of the crop is shown separately. In order, however, to present the subject of orchard requirements aud fertiUsation in as complete a way as possible, as well as for the sake of com- parison, the following table of the composition of Apple-tree leaves is first given. Analyses of Apple-tree Leaves. Composition of the leaf; Percentage composition of selected and important constituents in ash. Composition of the Lea/. CHEMISTRY OF THE APPLE. The research work connected with the chemistry of the Apple was commenced at the Ottawa Experi- mental Station in 1889, and has been continued up to the present time under the direction of Mr. Frank T. Shutt, M.A., F.I.C., F.C.S. The investigation was undertaken with a view of eliciting such mformation as would assist the intelligent orchardist in a rational method of fertilising. When the nature and amount of plant-food required by the Apple tree in bearing is known, the first steps towards the manuiing question will have been taken. The analytical work began by taking the Apple- tree leaves of the following five varieties : Duchess of Oldenburg, Tetofsky, Wealthy, Fameuse and Northern Spy ; these were plucked at two different stages of growth, and their composition determined. This investigation has been continued by the chemical examination of the Apple fruit of four of these varieties. The mineral matter and nitrogen — which together constitute the plant food taken from the soil — annually assimilated are represented by the increase of wood, the leaves and fruit. That contained in the Name. P S .31 6 \ i oa -3 .III Duchesa of Oldenburg May 25, '89 70-94 26-67 2-39 2-87 Tetofsky „ 72-11 25-40 2-49 2-84 Wealthy It 71-25 26-84 1-91 2-98 Fameuse ,, 75-45 22-01 2-54 3-01 Northern Spy .. 72-04 25-62 2-34 2-90 Average 72-36 j-^S-SJ 2-33 2-94 Duchess of Oldenburg Sep. 20, '89 67-30 38-75 3 95 2-48 Tetofsky ,, 60-49 35-87 3-64 2-20 Wealthy ,, 60-02 36-63 3-45 2-38 Fameuse ,, 63-45 33-15 S-40 2-50 Northern Spy .. 62-30 34-85 2-S5 2-84 Averago 60-71 35-83 3 46 2-48 The data thus given are very striking, and show that as maturation of the leaf progresses these organs of assimilation cease to store up moisture and nitro- gen, but increase their organic matter and ash con- stituents. It will be seen that the moisture in the leaves has decreased between May 25 and Sep- tember 20, on the average, 11-65 per cent., and the nitrogen has decreased about half a per cent. On the other hand, tho organic matter has increased during the same period, on the average, 10-52 per cent., and the ash has increased 1-13 per cent. The next division of the table illustrates the mineral composition of the leaves, as shown by the constituents in the ash, Pcrcenta'je Composition of Important Constituents in the Ash of Apple-tree Leaves. Name. 1 5 & g i ■< •s 1 t d a a 1 s o •§ -a o i Duchess of Oldenburg ... May 25 9-67 9-25 21-50 8-56 1-63 0-92 Tetofsky .* 8-82 14-33 18-20 7-52 0-81 1-16 Wealthy „ 8-95 10-19 16-02 8-49 1-44 0-93 Fameuse ,, 11-61 9-54 16-26 10-84 1-64 1-04 Northern Spy .. 13-33 14 00 12-43 1-92 1-30 Average ... ... ,0-47 10-82 17-40 9-77 1-49 1-or Duchess of Oldenburg ... Sept. 20 3-00 6-35 34-80 5-62 1-43 1-00 Tetofsky „ 5-93 U-02 33-59 5 55 119 1-28 Wealthy )> 6-23 13 09 -22-40 6-22 108 0-80 Fameuse .. 5-64 13-65 26 35 4-16 1-56 1-05 Noithom Spy .. 9-31 14 04 -22-40 S-50 1-80 1-57 Average ... 5-82 11-63 27-91 4-61 1-41 1-U The variation shown in the same constituent by the five different varieties of Apple-tree leaves gathered on the same day is very considerable, whether taken at the earlier or the later date ; but the effects of exhaustion are very strikingly brought out by a study of the figures showing the amounts of lime taken up and accumulated, \vith a corresponding decrease of phosphoric acid and magnesia, these latter in- gr>-dients passing into the sap of the tree for the formation of fruit and the ripening non-nitrogenous constituents. 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 18, 1896. Passing over the enormous differences in the amounts of the various constituents taken up and retained by the different varieties of Apple-tree leaves, we see there is an average reduction in the phosphoric acid of 465 per cent., an average increase in lime of 10-51 per cent., and an average decrease in magnesia of 4-9tt per cent , between one period of collection and the other. These figures serve to show the absolute necessity of a complete and full supply in the soil of available mineral constituents in the earlier or merely vegeta- tive stages of Apple-tree growth, if an abundant crop of fruit is to be obtained. Composition of the Froit. The general composition, namely, the percentages of water, organic matter, and ash — which make up the whole, and the amouut of nitrogen, are given for the four varieties of Apple examined in the following tabulated form ; — Analysis of Api^hs. subject, the data given in the following table has been prepared : — Weight of Important Fertilising Constituents withdrawn fromihe Soil in the Growth of Appks. Variety of Apple. Water 0'"K=«'«= ""^''- matter.. Ash. Nitrog^°- Duchess of 0 denbufg Wealthy Fameuse Northern Spy 88-61 87-00 85-22 87-08 11-14 12-71 14-46 12-65 0-25 0-29 0-32 0-27 •0382 -0375 -0-12 •0445 Avenige 86-98 1-2-74 0-28 •0428 Although there is a great similarity in composition in the varieties examined, and none differ much from the average deduced from them all, it is of interest to note that the Fameuse is the richest in organic matter, in ash constituents, and in nitrogen. The AVealthy and Xorthern Spy contain almost identical amounts of organic matter and ash, and the Uuchess of Oldenburg has the largest percentage of water, and lowest percentage of organic matter and ash. Percentages of Important Constituents in Ash. ■Variety of Apple. o V 1 4 S 4 o 6 a 1 « Duchess of Oldenburg 8-90 53 67 3-28 1-77 5 •so 5-20 0-36 Wealthy 8-15 57 00 2^65 1-76 3'33 3^84 0-63 Fameuse 719 56 25 2-56 1-26 3 55 4-03 0-32 Northern Spy 11-68 54-11 1-94 213 3-86 3-99 111 Average 8-98 85-26 2-61 1-72 4-38 4 27 0 60 In this table the composition of the ash is given in detail. Of its components, phosphoric acid and potash are the principal. The latter constitutes over half of the ash (55-26 per cent.), while the former is about 9 per cent. No great differences between the varieties are here to be noticed, though the Northern Spy presents some striking variations from the average. Its ash contains nearly 3 per cent, more phosphoric acid, nearly 1 per cent, less soda, about 0-5 per cent, more oxide of iron and alumina, and about 0-5 per cent, more silica than the a.sh of the other Apples. The ratio of the potash to the phosphoric acid in the ash of the fruit is 6 to 1 ; in the ash of the older leaves (sec Table II.) it is 2 to 1. Relatively, there- fore, the demands of the leaf and the fruit on the soil for these two constituents are very different. It might hero bo remarked that the greater quantity of the ash ingredients of the fruit is contained iu the seeds and walls of the ovary, comparatively little being found in the flesh of the Apple. A comparison of the last table with that showing the composition of the ash of the leaf will reveal further interesting features. Tlie total percentages of ash iu similar weights of leaf and fruit are as 3-46 to 0-28. Lime is much more abundant in the ash of the Uaf, while magnesia, oxide of iron, and silica are abrjiit the same, taking the older leaves for comparison. For th« purpose of a practical presentation of the Average weight per Bushel. Lbs. per Acre, or 160 Barrels. Variety of Apple. Nitro- gen. Phos- phoric Acid. Potash. Duchess of Oldenburg... Wealthy Fameuse '.. Northern Spy Lb, 44 50 50 46 Lb. 7-36 8-22 11'22 9 01 Lb. 431 5-18 5-04 6-38 Lb. 25-98 36-23 39-46 29 57 Average 47-5 8-95 5-23 32-81 In the above calculations the following data are used : Forty Apple-trees per acre in an orchard twenty-five years old yield, on an average, one hundred and sixty (160) barrels. One barrel contains 2 bushels and 3 pecks. We have here shown the number of pounds of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash estimated as contained in 160 barrels of Apples, and removed per acre by a good crop. None of the quantities are at all excessive, aud the cost of returning them to the soil would not be great. The largest demand is on the potash iu the soil ; next comes the nitrogen, and lastly the phosphoric acid. In the case of the leaves, the nitrogen .stood first in order of requirement. For the vigorous development of the tree and an abundant crop of fruit, the soil must contain these constituents in a more or less immediately available condition. It is for this reason, as well as to replace the exhausted plant-food, that fertilisers are necessary to profitable Apple-growing. Nitroijcn. — To supply nitrogen, some organic manure is perhaps the most economical. Farmyard or stable manure are to be recommended. Besides adding nitrogen, they furnish humus or decaying vegetable matter, which serves a useful function by liberating carbonic acid, and which in turn sets free locked-up forms of mineral food. Humus, moreover, has much to do iu bringing about amelioration of the soil, aud the retention of soil-moisture. As the period of growth and fruit-development in the Apple is comparatively long, organic manures iu most instances will probably give better results than those containing more soluble forms of nitrogen, such as nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia. Potash and Phosphoric Acid. — To furnish potash and phosphoric acid, we would first mention wood- ashes, where obtainable, as these possess the ingre- dients in the relative proportion best suited to fruit- tree requirements, and in a condition that renders them easily available. If wood-ashes are not obtainable, kainit salt aud sulphate of potash may be substituted to supply potash ; and bone-meal, basic slag, or superphosphate the phosphoric acid. Bone-meal contains from 2 to 3 per cent, of nitrogen, in addition to the phosphoric acid, but requires a greater length of time in the ground to give up its constituents ; its effects natu- rally last longer. For this very reason it is often advocated for orchard manuring. Both wood-ashes and bone-meal furnish lime, which we have seen to be a necessary and somewhat important elomeut. Soils differ so much in com- position, that it is impossible to state definitely the amounts of the foregoing fertilisers that should be employed in all cases. The wants of the Apple tree for fruit and leaves have been given, and the prin. ciples for an economical return of these requirements indicated. In conclusion it may be said that the best and most profitable crops can bo obtained only when the soil contains what mie-ht be thought to be a large amount of plant-food, the greater part of which is more or less assimilable. An ameliorated soil, among other advantages, tends to a good root development. In such, the rootlets are able to procure food from a much larger area than otherwise ; but in every orchard, owing to the disposition of the roots, there must of necessity be much unoccupied soil, and hence the importance of supplying liberally and in excess of that which is absolutely needed for a season's growth and fruit, those forms of plant- food which we have been considering. J. J. Willis, Sarpenden. Colonial Notes. CEYLON BOTANIC GARDENS. Db. Thimen, who has conducted these gardens with so much success for several years, is, we regret to say, compelled to resign his appointment by reason of his impaired health. Tea. — This year has, according to the last Report, been a most favourable one for Tea ; the yield every- where has been good, and the increase in exports greater than was anticipated. The total export was 98,581,061 lb., against 84,591,714 lb. last year, show- ing the very large increase of over 13,000,000 lb. (nearly as much as the whole crop of 1887). The area now covered with Tea is estimated at over 300,000 acres, and a small but steady extension is still going on. The average price remained much as in 1894, i.e., about SJiY. per lb., or perhaps a little more. It is gratifyiug to see a substantial increase in the export to Austi-alia, which attained over 9,000,000 lb. (9,109,592 lb.) during the year. Coffee. — A remarkable and interesting fact is a large increase in the export during 1895, this being more than double that of 1894, viz., 65,833 cwt. This is the first time for many years that this has occurred. A gratifying circumstance, too, is that 6,076 cwt. of this is " native " Coffee — nearly four times the amount of List year. It is to be under- stood that the increase is due not to any increased acre.age, but to better crops ; probably with less chances of infection. Coffee has now to bear fewer "attacks" of leaf-disease, and so is able to ripen more fruit. Liberian Coffee, however, as yet shows no increase ; but this seems likely to be altered in the future, as a considerable area has been planted in recent years, and mostly appears to be doing well. Wild animals — Monkeys.— A group of monkeys, six or seven (the large wanderoo) which frequented the gardens for some time without doing much damage, suddenly (in May) became destructive to the large Flame tree (Sterculia acerifolia) by breaking off the young succulent shoots. I tried shooting at them with small shot to drive them away, but they would persist in coming to this tree, so that I shot one with a bullet. They then remained away for a few days, but began their destructive work again, keeping out of my way, and I was unable to get another shot. They nearly ruined the tree, which was a fine one, and the largest we had in the gardens. Sambur Deer were also very troublesome during May and June ; in fact, the damage done was serieus, as they ate or broke down nearly all the plants iu the back of the shrubbery for a distance of about 200 yards, showing a special liking for Fuchsia, Habrothamnus, Balsams, Begonia, Iresine, Polygonum, Tecoma, Anthericum, and other liliaceous plants, and we were very thankful when Meiisrs. Jackson and Mr. A. J. Kellow sent in their packs of hounds and hunted them out. Elephants. — Five elephants were in close proximity to the gardens for several months of the year, and during August and September they paid several visits to the upper part and broke down aud destroyed a few lengths of the water-piping. It is very interesting, especially to visitors, to kuow that wild elephants are so close, and, unless they do any serious damage, I think it would be a great pity to have them shot. The Report further alludes to the danger of the extermination of some of the rarer and more showy Orchids, especially Deudrobium MacartLise. The Government has i>8ued an order forbidding their collection in the Crown forests without a special permit, which will be issued only on the recom- mendation of the director. July 18, 1896.] THE GAEDENEL'S' CHBO^ICLE. 65 Mysore Government Gardens, LiL-BAOH. Mr. Cameron, the superintendent, has issued his annual report. The unusual drought caused much extra labour, but the efficiency and beauty of the gardens were well maintained. PROGRESS IN THE HYBRIDISA- TION OF ROSES. I HAVE continued my labours every season up to the present one, 1895, in which, I am sorry to say, I was able to do very little. Next year, if I am alive, I fear that my doings will probably be still le..=s. Not that my faith is shaken in the belief that new races of Roses may be brought into existence by crossing or hybridising the existing races, which will be valuable additions to our present possessions ; but the pressure of adviincing years is imperative. Unless I did the entire operation with ray own hand, the necessary interest in it would be lacking, and in my eightieth year the needful energy for this begins to fade. With regard to what I have achieved, I think I shall have done much if I do no more than establish the one great fact that the different races of Roses, however apparently opposed to one another in wood and spine, in habit of growth, in foliage, in hardihood, and all other outward characteristics, are capable of uniting in the production of a common progeny — a progeny which is distinctly different from either parent, though generally bearing undoubted proofs of their origin in traces of both seed and pollen parent. The successful results of my attempt to combine the sweet foliage and the hardy constitution of the Sweet Briar with the red and yellow tints of the Persian Yellow Briar and the Austrian Copper Briar, and not only so, but with the crimson tints of the Bourbons, the Hybrid Chinas, and even the Tea Roses, afford an excellent illustration of this truth. As I have mentioned the Hybrid Sweet Briars, I will pause a moment to make known a fact which I only became aware of in this autumn of 1895. It occurred to me to have the hips of the Hybrid Sweet Briars cut off, and I only regret that it did not occur to me earlier in the season. They were already of a bright red colour, and formed very pretty objects, but I thought it would add to the strength and health of the plant to part with them. I certainly was not prepared for the result, for all the plants, with one or two exceptions, took to blooming freely a second time. During all August and September, and, indeed, until the arrival of the sharp frost in the latter part of October, I had three or four glasses of these blooms on my breakfast-table every morning, per- fuming the room with the very sweet scent of their flowers. From this experience, I conclude that if the flowers were cut off as soon as they fade in summer, and the hips not allowed to form them- selves, the autumnal flowering would be still more remarkable and abundant. But it is time that 1 passed from my successes to the admission of what have been very like failures. I had directed my attention to the production of a Hybrid Perpetual of a new colour. Why not a yellow ? And, indeed, why not a blue Rose ? As the possible parent of a yellow Rose, nothing pre- sented itself so naturally as the yellow Briar— the Persian Yellow and the Harrisoni. I collected a •quantity of the pollen of these Roses, and operated on the blooms of several Hybrid Perpetuals, notably Oeneral Jacqueminot and Jean Cherpin. I obtained abundance of hips, and in due time plenty of seed, and again in due time, some hundreds of plants! But excepting perhaps in two or three cases, no sign is visible in their wood, foliage, or growth of the yellow Briar ; no doubt the greater part of them have not yet flowered, but 1 confess my hopes of success with them is pretty well extinct. One plant, indeed, about three or four years ago, did give unmistakable signs of the Briar parentage, the foliage was almost identical with that of Harrisoni, and when the flower showed itself, it presented a very pretty mixture of crimson and yellow. But it was vei-y sbapele.ss, and out of a dozen blooms, there would perhaps be only one that in shape could be said to give any pleasure to the eye. Moreover, it proved itself to be very difficult to propagate by either bud or graft ; it is even difficult to keep it alive, one branch after another dying down more quickly than they are reproduced. The plant seems, if I may use such an expression, to resent the attempt to unite such incongruous parents, and to make continual protest against its having been called into existence. Then for the blue Rose I collected the pollen of a Hungarian Rose, ■' Erinnerang an Brod" by name. The tints of this Rose are more distinctly blue in parts, and at times, than those of any Rose that I have met with. I have had no difficulty in obtaining plants from the pollen of this Rose with several of the Hybrid Perpetuals, and I have a number of them now. But none have yet bloomed ; and I cannot trace, in the growth or foliage, any distinct evidence that the qualities of pollen parent are represented in the progeny. On the other hand, I have a seedling Rose, obtained from a parent of the Semperflorens race, which has bloomed and given me a flower which at times comes almost blue, but it is flimsy, loose in its petals, and greatly wanting in shape ; it is the most contmuous bloomer, however, througliout the autumn that I have ever seen. What its true colour m.iy even- tually turn out to be it is not easy to say, for it is wonderful how seedlings change from their first form and colour as time goes on. Another experiment must be recorded which up to the present time has not met with success. The beautiful glossy foliage of tlie Rosa camelliafolia is very inviting to the eye of the hybridiser, and if I could only transfer this foliage to some of our Hybrid Perpetuals, I should consider it a useful triumph. But 1 could not get the caraelliatolia to flower. From what I have read in the gardening publications, I conclude that other people have met with the samo difficulty. At last my opportunity came. The splendid sunny season of 1S93 ripened the wood of my plant so thoroughly, that in 1891 it gave me twenty flowers. Two of these I treated with the pollen of other plants, but obtained no hips. The remaining eighteen I reserved for pollen, with which I fertilised the blooms of numerous Hybrid Per- petuals. I h.ad a good crop of seed, and I have, perhaps, a hundred plants. In vain have I looked for a shiny leaf. Many of the seedlings have a foliage inclining that way, and certiinly different from that of the seed parent, but none (unless as they grow up they put on a more glossy appearance) carry the true Camellia-like leaf which was the object of my quest. In another experiment I have succeeded much better ; I allude to the hybridising of the Rosa rugosa. Of these I have several plants, and a precocious one has .already, in its second year, shown me a very handsome flower. I reserve to the last an attempt upon which, if successful, I should set the highest value, but of which I cannot yet announce the result. I allude to a possible cross with the wild Dog Rose. There is no more graceful and beautiful picture presented to us in the Rose world than that formed by tlie running shoots of the wild Dog Rose scrambling over the upper branches of a tall Thorn or Holly laden with their pretty pink flowers ; and plants of this our native Rose with flowers perhaps improved, at any rate, varied, in colour and form, could not be otherwise than welcome. In the summer of last year (1894) I fertilised some hundred of blooms of the common Dog Rose (growing in the open air) with the pollen of some of our best Hybrid Perpetuals, and with that also of the Yellow Briar, and sowed the seed last autumn. Some at least of this seed, according to all my previous experiences, should have vegetated and come up this year, but none of it has done so. It may very well be that they will come up this next spring of 1896. Many Rose seeds do take two years before they germinate, as the Sweet Briar seed con- stantly does. But the failure of the whole lot to give a single plant this year is ominous— dreadfully ominous. I only don't quite despair ; I wish I had done the work under glass, and should have done so, but; I was disappointed by not getting the needful plants in pots. I do not call to mind any other experiments which would justify a specific account. I will only add generally that my work has produced a great number of very charming garden Rosea, some of them of new and unusual colours. It has also called into existence many hybrid plants, in which the Musk Rose plays the part of parent, with its habit of Ijlooming in clusters, and the peculiar spicy scent of its flower ; and others again in which the hardy Ayrshire Rose has contributed strength and a wandering habit, but no flowers as yet. But I must not omit to say a word upon the results of hybridising in a second generation. I have for the last two or three years hybridised some of the hybrid Sweet Briars with the pollen of the Hybrid Perpetuals. The result has been a number of plants, but hitherto no bloom ; the age for their blooming has not arrived. Also as an experiment I sowed some of the seed of the hybrid Sweet Briars, obtained from their self-fertilised hips, and have many plants. Some of these plants have flowered, and the flower has gone back pretty nearly to the original Sweet Briar. L',nl Penzance, in " The liosarians' Year Book." CUPRESSUS McNABIANA. The eastern side of Red Mountain, California, is covered with the most curious forest I have ever seen. A body of Cupressus McNabiana, about a half-mile square, and scarcely mixed with any other tree, covers it completely. The trees are only from 12 to 20 feet high, as a rule, but, like the miniature trees of the .lapanese gardeners, they have all of the appearance of great age. Old and gnarled, tough and twisted, covered with moss, and with limbs broken, they look like the old forests of Cedar of Lebanon as they are pictured. A forest 100 feet high, looked at through the large end of a telescope, would give the same impression. A fire has swept through one side, and the old trunks, standing black and naked, aid the deception. Only the surrounding objects by which to aid the sight, keep one from being quite carried away by the decep- tion. These trees, dwarfed so strangely by the arid soil and bleak climate, are very old. The west face of the mountain is no less curious. Here the Cypress forms a dense thicket, from 6 or 8 feet high in the open hills, to 15 feet high in the gullies, and stretching over the whole mountain-side till it breaks mto cliffs at the canon. Where the fires have burned over, the little seedlings are coming up, but in no such profusion as I saw in the thickets of Cupressus on the coast. Here, at the most, there would be one tree in 3 or 4 feet. The little seedlings having the soil to themselves, are of a fine green, and quite shapely, and many grow into handsome trees. A few seeds carried down the stream to gravelly flats in the valley have formed an open grove of specimens as handsome as any in a park of perfect pyramidal form and very broad at base. Handsomer trees are seldom seen. Many of the lesser shrubs and flowers are quite .as distinctive of Red Mountain as the Cypress. One Ceanothus in particular I have never observed except in such soils. It is much like a Holly in leaf, and forms a low bush. The flowers are white. The stream which flows down the east side has a broad bed heavily grown with a coarse grass, which retains the soil and furnishes a home for many flowering plants. For fully a half-mile Lilium pardahnuni, in a large spotted form, grows in abundance and forms great clumps. As I have seen it in July, the stems 4 to 7 feet high, and the canou fairly filled with a wa7y mass of the grand recurved red and gold blossoms, I thought it the finest floral sight I had ever seen. Our common Columbine, Aquilegia truncats, is a fine plant and the parent of some good garden plants ; it flowers in May and June. In the grass and on the wet rocks of the numerous little falls, a form with viscid leaves grows in profusion, and, un- 66 THE GABDENERS' GHBOhUCLE. [Jolt 18, 1896. like the type, blooms constantly through the summer season. The flowers are more of an orange colour than the type. A variety of Stachys, with tomentose leaves and a pleasant, fragrance, is almost as common, and in the wettest places one can see large beds of an Orchid much like a small purple and brown Lady's- slipper. This is Epipactis gigantea, a pretty species well worth cultivation. A large clump graces my Fern-bed, and rapidly increases, blooming freely every year. Few Ferns grow here, but a Peltea (P. densa) is abundant in the loose rock which has broken from the cliffs above, and in the rock crevices as well. It grows in large bunches, and the small dissected fronds are quite handsome when the winter rains wake them of the most attractive is Dendromecon rigidum, a shmb from 2 to 8 feet high, slender, with light lance- shaped leaves and a blossom almost exactly like a light-coloured Californian Poppy, except in size. This beautiful Tree Poppy in our region is confined to high altitudes. A well-developed bush is not soon to be forgotten. Morning Glories are everywhere in our State. A very common one with good-sized white flowers gi'ows in grain fields, and is a trouble- some weed, pretty as it is. Red Mountain, in Morn- ing Glories, as in everything else, is odd, and the creep- ing form which I saw in bloom one morning in May had halberd-shaped leaves densely clothed with woolly hairs and a fine white flower. The stem crept about a foot. Carl Pmchj, hi "Garden and Forest." Ill feet across, with a total height of 70 feet. It is heated by eight rows of 4-inch pipes, and similar pro- vision is made for heating the upper part of the dome. There is to be a marble fountain in the centre. The boiler-house is about 30 yards away, hidden from view by a shrubbery. The furnishing of such a structure is a matter of great importance, and it is hoped that gentlemen who may have fine specimens of Palms, Cycads, Tree- Ferns, Sikkim Rhododendrons, Camellias, or other suitable plants which have become too large for their present position, may be inclined to supplement Mr. Yates Thsmpson's munificence by contributing towards the furnishing of the structure. An adver- tisement in another column gives further details as /;? Flo, 1?.— CONSERVATORY PnEBEKTED TO SEFTON PARK, LIVERPOOL, BT MR. IL TATF.3 THOMPSOV ^^!..,L 1 <:> CO 80 sc wojrst Ff'ALE OF FEET from the long summer sleep ; very delicate, too, the light green new growth resembling a Maiden-hair. Calycanthus occidentalis is not uncommon in the coast range, and is one of our finest waterside shrubs. It is rather prettier than the eastern C. floridus, and, like it, the bark, leaf and fleshy chocolate-coloured flowers have a pleasant odour. It especially likes the clayey soil of this canon, and in some localities the growth is 10 to 12 feet high and completely fills the gulch. In clefts of the rock a rare Brodiasa grows quite out of its range, for it is common 40 miles east- ward. The flowers are white, and it prefers the courses of streams. The higher slopes are also rich in rare plants. One SEFTON PARK. Our public parks in this country are ill provided, if at all, with winter gardens, or places for shelter in inclement weather. Recognising this, Mr. Yates Thompson has munificently presented to the Lord Mayor and Corporation of Liverpool the fine con- servatory of which we now publish an illustration and plan (figs. 12, 1.3). It has been erected in Sefton Park, Liverpool, by Messrs. Mackenzie k Moncur, of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and is intended for the use and enjoyment of the citizeus at all times, Sundays not excepted. The plants will be mostly planted out in beds and borders, with ample space for walking and for seats. The building is of iron and glass, about to the mode of transmission of the plants. Sefton Park, we may remind our readers, was laid out by our eminent friend, M. Andr(S. NOTES ON VEGETABLE PRO- DUCTS, TAKEN FEOM CONSULAR REPORTS. (Contl7f.ted from jh 10.) Hankow. — Vegetable tallow shows a slight improve- ment on 1894. This product meets with more atten- tion on the Continent than in England. Its power of withstanding heat, which enables it to be shipped in " cheeses" without any packing, would seem to show that it was well suited for Candles in hot climates, July 18, 1896.] TEE GARDENERS' GERONICLE. but there has been very little readiness shown in London to deal in it. There are three or four qualities of the article, and its purity greatly depends upon the manner in which it has been 67 market were for many years almost entirely neglected, but in Europe it is much used for candles, as a com- ponent in the manufacture of soap, and for other purposes. Advices have been received from England better undertaken previous to export. The bcautv of the autumn tints of the Tallow-tree, especially when grown near water, recommend its introduction into the milder parts of England. Fig. 13.— plan of conservatory ix sefton park, llvebpool. (see p. 66.) prepared for export. If crushed with the seeds, its quality i-j greatly deteriorated, and the cheeses contain elements which are difficult to remove. But if the coating is carefully removed from the seeds and then boiled, it is said to withstand any heat, and to be very serviceable. Samples in the London to the effect that adverse duties on the Continent on export from Great Britain absolutely prohibit the trade thence. The statement seems to admit of doubt. The production of this tallow is capable of very large extension. It appears probable that the earlier stages of manufacture of this article might be "Whether this last note refers to the tallow from Excjecaria sebifora, or from the Japanese Uluis suo- cedanea, it is difficult to say ; it would, ho-vever, seem to allude to the former, except that the fat is usually very soft, and readily melts in hot weather, while that from the species of Rhus is hard and wax-like. 68 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 18, 1898. Vegetables. SUTTON'S EARLY GIANT MARROWFAT PEA. This is the quickest Pea in coming to maturity of any that I have grown. It is a good cropper, haulm 3i feet high, witli long, handsome, well-filled pods, containing eight to ten seeds in each. The Peas are of excellent flavour, indeed, it is a true Marrowfat Pea, coming into use quicker than the small round-seeded varieties. Seed of this variety sown on March 17, at the same time as Laxton's Standard, Chelsonian, Sutton's Early Marrowfat, and Ne Plus Ultra, the dates when pods were ready for gathering were : — Sutton's Early Giant, June 15 ; Standard, June 23 ; Chel- sonian, June 25 ; Suttou's Early Marrowfat, June 26 ; Ne Plus Ultra, Jime 27. Thus it will be seen that Early Giant was eight days earlier than Laxton's Standard, which is one of our best early Peas, very hardy, .and an excellent cropper ; but if Early Giant will survive the winter outside, it will be in advance of all other early varieties of Peas. W. 11. Divers, Belvuir Castle Gardens. The Week's Work. THE FLO"WEB GARDEN. By Hedlev Warren, Gardener, Aston Clinton, Tring. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA is far more effective when planted in a mass than if dotted about the borders or shrubberies, the large white panicles of ilowers being very showy, and they are, moreover, exceeding useful in a cut st,ate for decorative pur- poses. As a late flowering shrub, this is one of the best, flowering as it does when but few othei-s are in bloom ; it thrives best in a cool moist position. [There should be a deep basin for holding water formed around each. Ed.1 GENERAL REMARKS.— The present season has been a very trying one for the occupants of the flower- garden, and many established plants, herbaceous peren- nials, have suflered, the foliage having become yellow —the Irises especially. Shrubby Phloxes should receive a thorough soaking of water whenever the soil gets dry, surface watering doing them more harm than good ; afterwards afl'ording a mulch of short de- cayed manure or cocoa-nut fibre. All plants in the beds should be well supplied with water, dead and decay- ing leaves and flowers removed, and constant attention given to the pegging-down of trailing plants where this method appears to be desirable, imd to the removal of superfluous shoots. Most of the Roses are now past their best, especially on light and gravelly soils. These plants should be thoroughly well watered, both at the roots and overhead, which will not only cleanse the foli.ige but stimulate growth, and check the increase of red-spider, which is sure to infest thom in such a season as the present. If these matters are attended to forthwitli, a good supply of autumn bloom may be anticipated. GLADIOLUS should receive similar treatment, and never allowed to become dry at the root, dryness being detrimental to the grow'th of good flower-spikes, lied-spider sometimes attacks the Gladiolus, the leaves and flowers suffering, so that it is very desir- able to keep the plants in a vigorous condition, and plenty of moisture at the root, deep tilth and abund- ance of manure are necessary to ensure this. THE BUDDING OF BRIARS.— The present month is the most suitable for the budding of Roseson Briar stocks, although it may be performed as late as the month of September. If the stocks are afforded water at the roots a few days before budding is begim, the bark will lift easily, consequent on there being a decided flow of sap in the plants. There are many losses this year among the stocks, and especially where the earthing-up of the stems is not practised. This is of much consequence in dwarf stock, which should be budded as low as possible, in fact, close to the root.s, which may be easily accomplished by scraping away the earth. Rose-buds should be taken from .shoots which are about three parts matured, and even m some cases the best buds will be found on plants growing in glasshouses, especially the more tender Teas. After a bud is inserted in the stronger shoots of a stock, or at the collar, and made secure, no further attention will be necessary for a period of about three weels, by which time the buds which have taken may be identified by the falling away of the remains of the leaf-stalk, and the fresh plump look of the bud itself. Stocks on which the buds have failed should be again budded, doing this on the opposite side of the stock, and at pruning time, not before, the snag above the bud may be cut ofl'. CARNATIONS. — In some places layering has com- menced. The warmth of the season has favoured the growth and development of the border varieties, which, on the whole, are remarkably free from insect pests, and on heavy soils these are doing remark- ably well. Layering in any case may now be pro- ceeded with, and if the directions afforded in a former calendar in regard to the preparation of the soil and the layering of the shoots have been attended to, the work will be facilitated. Layering at the best is considered a somewhat wearisome and trying job, especially when it h.as to be done under a hot sun. Layers made at this season soon emit roots, and form good plants before the winter. In September they may be severed from the mother- plant.?, planted in beds, or potted and wintered in cold frames. THE HARDY FRTJIT GARDEN. -By G. WooDGATE, Gm-iiemr, RolUston Hall, Enrton-on-Trent. STRAWBERRY BEDS.- -When fresh beds of Straw- berries are being ]ilanted, it is a common practice to plant the rooted runners at from 12 to 15 inches apart in the rows, with t!-e intention of obtaining as much fruit as possible from the land in the first season. Such beds should have every alternate plant in a row removed the first year of fruiting, as soon as the crop is gathered, thus affording space for those that are left to fully develop. All of tile runners on these plants should be removed, and .as often afterwards as they are produced ; this also holds good for plants which, having been forced, were afterwards planted out. Keep the beds clear of weeds by hoeing. FIG TREES. — The young stocky, short-jointed wood of the current year should now be laid-in, leaving plenty of space in the fastenings used to admit of full growth without pinching the shoots. No more should be retained than space can be found for without crowding, and all other current season's shoots should be cut off. APRICOTS.— The fruits will in most parts of the country have finished stoning, and a number of secondary growths will have pushed forth, all of which should be pinched back with the finger and thumb to one leaf. To prevent the young folijige harbouring insects, afford the roots a heavy appli- cation of water, and wash the trees with the garden - engine, doing the latter daily till the fruits commence to change in colour, when any further wetting must cease. Ant, woodlice, and sometimes mice, feed upon the ripening fruits of the Apricot, compelling the gardener to take means to preserve the fruit from injury. Woodlice can be caught by placing inverted small flower-pots filled with dry hay on the border, close to the Apricot trees, and once or twice a week, dropping the bay into a bucketful of scalding water. Ants are difficult to deal with, and the most effectual means th.at I know of is to pour boiling water with a small quantity of petroleum mixed in it into their nests l.ate at night, which is, however, possible only where the nests are distant from the roots of fruit trees. T hey may be tr.apped by laying dead birds in their runs, which soon become covered with thera, when the bodies may be gathered up and placed in boiling water. Mice should be trapped. WALNUTS. — If any of these nuts are required for pickliug, they should be gathered before the shell begins to harden. In gathering the nuts for this purpose the thick clusters should be thinned, which will aid the development of those which vrill remain. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By Jno. McIntyre, Giu\lcncr, Wooelside, Darlington. IXORAS. — Those now in flower may be moved into a cooler house, and if moderately shaded, the plants will last a lung time in flower. The Ixora is a plant that I do not think is benefited by manures of .any kind, good fibrous peat and coarse silver-sand being all that is required to grow it well. Careful watering is very essential, or the plants will quickly become unhealthy. The present is a good time to increase the stock. Insert cuttings singly in thumb- pots, using sifted peat and silver-sand. Put them in the propagating-box until rooted. As soon as this has taken place, shift them into 4-inch pots, and encourage growth as much as possible during the next three months. They will then make plants that will carry four or five trusses of bloom in 6-inch pots next season, and such plants are exceedingly useful for vases in rooms. CLERODENDRONS. — Specimens now in full bloom must be kept cool and in a tolerably dry atmosphere, for the purpose of prolonging their season of flower- ing. Water frequently with Uquid from the farm- yard, or add a sprinkling of Clay's manure before watering them. Those which flowered earliest, if treated as recommended in former notes, will have ^lost all their foliage, and be re,ady for startiag afresh to furnish plants for the late season. ALLAMANDAS ought now to be showing abund- ance of bloom, and the season at which they are wanted must determine the treatment they should receive. If backward they will require to be pushed on. This would however be unfortunate, for if AUamandas are grown and flowered in a high temperature ^till they are requu'ed for exhibition, the plants may flag when staged. They should be kept cool a fort- night previous to removal to conservatory, or to the exhibition tent. The plants should now be afforded fre- quent applications of liquid-manure or other fertiliser. Complete all the necessary tying, so that the plants may have time to assume a natural appearance. CALADIUMS grown in small pots m.ay be fit for pots of a Larger size, and they will then grow with increased vigour, and remain useful for a longer period. Use compost consisting of two parts yellow loam and one each of peat and leaf-mould, with a little saud. Add to this dried cow-manure, to the extent of one- third of the whole, and pass it through a half-inch sieve before using it. Afterwards apply water care- fully for a few days. ACALYPHAS may now have become leggy, and well-coloured tops should be taken and struck for use later in the autumn. Place them singly in 3-inch pots, using one part of leaf-soil, one of loam, and one of silver-sand. Put them into a case in the propagating-house, where they will soon make roots ; then remove them to a shelf near the glass in a Melon-pit or other warm structure. DRAC/ENAS I'aised from eyes during the spring being now pot-bound, should be given a shift into 4 or 5ineh pots. Place near the glass, and afford them all the light possible. MISCELLANEOUS.— At this season a careful in- spection of the whole collection of plants should be made, and any plant that has become root-bound, and cannot be left over till the spring without injury, should be given a shift, care being taken not to give too much pot-room, as it is getting hate in the season, and most plants winter best if rather pot- bound. Pot on Cinerarias and herbaceous Calceolarias which may be ready ; those sown last month should be pricked off into pans previous to placing them singly in pots. Use a compost for them consisting of good yellow loam and sharp river-sand. Schizan- thus, sown last month to flower in the spring, should be pricked into thumb-pots, putting three seedlings in each pot. If the conservatory is required to be gay in Mai'ch and April, these are splendid plants for the purpose, if well grown. They must not be atlnided large shifts — smaller ones at short intervals suiting them much better. Give them a light compost, and during the next three months grow them in cold frames. Plants of Azalea mollis that have been in a Peach-house since flowering, may now be given a position in the open, well exposed to the sun. If the pots can be plunged in some cool materi.al, it will assist the growth, and save much watering. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. H. WniTE. Orchid Grower, Bur/ord, Dorking. SCHOMBURGKIAS. — These plants enjoy sunshine at all seasons. S. tibiciuis, S. .Sauderiaua, S. Kim- balliaua, .and S. Humboldti have hollow, horn-like pseudo-bulbs ; they are now commencing to grow, and, if necessary, should be given fresh materi.al to root in. Very little is requisite, as the plants grow more freely in a shallow than a deep compost. It may consist of fibrous peat and sphagnum-moss, in the proportion of two-thirds of the former to one-third of the latter. The drainage must be as perfect .as possible, so that the compost maybe afforded frequent.andcopious waterings. They thrive equally well in pots or baskets, but, like Dendrobcs or Mexican L.a;liias, it is essential that they receive abundance of light, air, and moisture. When growth is completed, .afford less moisture, and place the plants where they will get the least amount of shade, but plenty of fresh air. Schoiuburgkia Lyonsii and S. undulatfi will grow well under similar conditions. The growth upon both species is now July IS, 1896.] THE GARDENEB8' CEBONICLK 69 well advanced, and should not be disturbed by- repotting. S. crispa succeeds best under ordinary Cattleya-house treatment, if given a light position. VANDA TERES is of exquisite beauty when in bloom, but many cultivators fail to flower it satis- factorily. Its particular requirements are plenty of direct sunshine and copious overhead waterings several tunes a day during active growth. Where a Mexican-hDuse exists, this is the best place for it, and if given plenty of fresh air during the day when the sun is shining full upon the plants, and a thorough syringing at closing time, this species will thrive well and bloom profusely. The flowering period is past, and some of the plants may need overhauling. Some gi'owere cut oS'the stems at about 2 feet from the top, and insert them thickly in beds of growing sphagnum-moss. The method is a very convenient one, especially where quantities of cut bloom are required from a small amount of space ; but, as a rule, plants thus treated only produce three or four blooms on each spike, whereius plants cultivated in the foUowiug manner invariably give from six to nine flowers of good size and substance from each individual spike : —Half-a-dozen or more stems are fixed to long upright Teak rafts, each raft consisting of three or four rods, each rod being about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, and at least 1 inch apart, to allow of a free circulation of air amongst the roots. The lower part of the raft is then inserted in a pot and made secure there with crocks, over which is placed a lay er of fresh sphagnum- moss. At the present time our plants have over- grown the length of their Teak supports ; therefore, about 2 feet of the stems of the plants and rafts will have to be carefully sawn off at the bottom, and the rafts lowered in the pots. Another new raft will then be screwed on to the top of the old one, to whicli the uppermost stems should be securely tied. After the plants have been disturbed, they must be thinly shaded until the young roots have taken a firm hold of the new wood, when they may be gradually ex- posed to direct sunlight. The parts of the stems that have been cut off, if encouraged, will soon send out fresh growths, and in this way the plant may be pro- pagated. Its allied species, V. Hookeriana, should be treated in a similar manner, the proper time for the operation being about the beginning of September. Plants of this lovely species should be showing their flower-spikes. Place tUem at the end of the hottest house where they may receive uninterrupted sun- light, and well syringe them overhead several times daily till the flower-buds expand. To successfully grow and flower this variety, the plant must, all the year round, be afforded warmer treatment than V. teres. V. Kimballiana and V. Amesiana do well in the same hous^ as V. teres ; they should be placed in such a position that air can circulate around them ; and neither species should be syringed overhead, the water which lodges in the axils of the leaves frequently causing them to become spotted. RENANTHERAS, ETC. — R. coccinea is another Orchid whose roots cling firmly to, and entwine them- selves around Teak-wood rods. The plant delights in plenty of sunshine and a hot moist atmosphere during its season of growth. Identical treatment as regards light, heat, and moisture should be given to the rare and beautiful R. Storiei, to induce it to produce its panicle of richly-coloured flowers. R. matutina, now in bloom, should be grown with Aiirides, Sacco- labiums, &c. ; so also should the singular Orchid Trichoglottis (Stauropsis) fasciata, and the pretty Stauropsis philippinensia. RE-POTTING. — In the cool-house there are several plants that require to be re-potted or re-surfaced at once, the more important being Maxillaria Sanderiana, M. prcestans, and M. Amesiana. As these varieties fre- quently thrust their flowers through the soil in a down- ward direction, basket-culture is the more suitable, and for the same reason no crocks should be used for drainage. Maxillai'ia grandiflora, JI. venustum, M. Hiibschii, and M. fucata, grow thoroughly well in an ordinary flower-pot or shallow pan. All of these species root freely and make strong gi-owths in a compost con- sisting of three parts sphagnum-moss to one of peat, intermixed with plenty of small clein crocks. Maxil- laria Turneri may also be repotted now ; this plant succeeds best in an intermediate temperature. order to keep Peas, Celery, &c., in a growing con- dition. The advantages of early mulching is now very apparent. On our rather light soil those Peas not early mulched and watered are virtually dried up, while others that could be well attended to in this respect, and have been watered twice weekly, are now podding fairly well, sufficient to supply a modenate picking daily. The variety Goldfinder, a Pea of the Ne Plus Ultra type, is one of the best now in use, and it appears to withstand the extreme heat better than the older variety. Keep the surface-soU well stiiTed by frequent hoeing. Early Runner Beans are flowering freely, and these, together with dwarf varieties, must be kept well supplied with water, or the crop will be a failure. Lettuces, Radishes, &c., also require frequent waterings to keep them growing. CABBAGE. — A small quantity of an early variety of Cabbage seed may now be sown from which a first planting on a small scale may be made. So much de- pends on the weather in autumn and winter, that it is advisable where a considerable quantity of Cabbage is required, to make three sowings, early, mid-season, and late, allowing about a fortnight between each, the bulk of the plants or main crop to be planted from the middle sowing. If the first sowing be made about the 20th of the month, and the plants put out as soon as large enough, these will, providing the autumn be a favourable one, form heads for early use, and if not further required for Sprouts, the stumps may be cleared off, and the ground prepared for some other crop — Ellam's Early and Sutton's Flower of Spring form two capital varieties for early cutting. The seed-bed should be in an oyien quarter of the garden, and be well prepared and thoroughly watered a few hours before the seeds are sown. These may be scattered broadcast, or sown in shallow driUs 8 inches apart. Should the extreme heat con- tinue, it wUl be well to cover the seed-bod with garden-mats until germination takes place, after whicli it should be covered with netting, otherwise the birds will be found troublesome. MAIN-CROP ENDIVE. — The present is a suitable time to make a full sowing. Borders on which early Cauliflowere have been growing may bo lightly forked over, breaking up the clods finely, and working in, if the border is in poor condition, a little short, well-rotted manure. After the drills are taken out about 1 inch deep and 1 2 to 1 5 inches .apart, they should be well watered and left for an hour before the seeds are sown. Sow thinly, and after covering in, beat with the back of a rake to make the soil firm. The most reliable varieties are the Selected Green-curled, and the improved round-leaved Batavian. LEEKS. — Those sown for the main crop will now be large enough for transplanting into drills, 5 or 6 inches in depth, and 15 inches apart. The ground for these should be well manured. Those planted out earUer from boxes will require —as will also the newly-transplanted ones — copious supplies of water. The early plants that are gromng freely, will require a little soil to be worked up around the stems, and this should be done after a thorough watering with weak liquid-manure has been afforded them. LATE FRENCH BEANS. — These are generally very useful at the end of the season, and if a number of short rows of Ne Plus Ultra can be sown on a border under a wall, protection from early frosts may be easily afforded by means of mats or canvas. raised from eyes struck in the spring, there being yet plenty of time to get them well-established before the season o£ growth expires. As the soil of which the new border will be made is likely to be deficient iu moisture, care must be taken to make it thoroughly firm by treading and ramming it before the plant- ing of the young canes is begun. When planting the Vines the roots should be carefully disentmgled. and spread out to tLieir fullest exteat, coverini; them with the finer particles of soil, or with a specially- prepared soil, and finishing with a good watering with tepid water, and a mulch of half-rotten manure. Keep the Vines close in a warm temperature, and shade them for a few daj^s, afterwards gradually inuring them to sunlight and air. It is sometimes a prudent course to lift the roots of old Vines that are doing unsatisfactory, laying the roots in fresh soil, or entirely re-making the border. In any case, the soil or compost required should be prepared, so that there may be no dela\' when the opportunity offers for carrying out the work. When the borders are both inside and out- side, these operations may be carried out with no risk of losing a crop, or of any perceptible check being given to the Vines by spreading the work over two seasons, one year taking the inside border, and the next the outside one. It must be done, how- ever, in the late summer, or early in the autumn, whilst the Vines carry foliage, so that the roots will enter the new soU the same year. A good sprinkUug of some approved kind of Vine-manure may be mixed with the compost. It is very important that the work be done quickly and care- fully, not letting the roots be exposed to wind and sun, but frequently damping them whilst out of the soil, and shading them and the vines. Should the borders require to be renewed, the drainage should be first put in good order. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. Bif C. Herein, Gardi^iier, Dropmore, Maidenhead. THE DROUGHT. — Owing to the continuation of intense heat, frequently accompanied by drying winds, watering plants \vi\l of necessity occupy a considerable portion of the time available in this department, in FRUITS UNDER GLASS. y W. Pope, Gardt:ncr, HigkcUre Gastlc, Newbury, GRAPE VINES. — The Vines that are now swelUng- off their berries should not be neglected in the matter of an abundant water supply at the roots, especial care being need edduringa,-iummer like the presentone. Muscat varieties can scarcely be afforded too much water, provided the drainage of the border is in good condition, from the time the flowei-s appear until the fruit is well advanced towards ripeness. When the fruit of any variety commences to colour, a good mulch of short, dry material should be applied to the inside border after a thorough application of water, so as to check evaporation. The atmospheric moisture should be reduced, and a free circulation of air afforded, allowing a little heat in the hot-water pipes in cool weather rather than allow the night temperature to fall below 70'. The laterals on all Vines carrying a crop of fruit should still be rubbed off by hand as soon as perceived. See that the leaves of Vines that have been cleared of fruit are maintained in a healthy state. Should the early Vines be exhausted, and the replanting of the house contemplated, a fresh border should be prepared forth- with, and canes planted, which should have been THE APIARY. Bjl EXPKRT. VENTILATION. — While this very hot weather lasts, be careful to give the bees plenty of ventilation, by raising the hives with two little wedges of wood placed on each side, thus allowing the air to pass between the floorboai'd and the combs, and keep them working in the sections or shallow frames ; this is all the more necessary, as the honey season is nearly finished, except in the " Heather districts.'' It is now useless to put on more crates of sections, but it is better to allow the bees to finish filhng and sealing those that are already on. In cases where the bees are strong, and have filled their crates, remove some of the partly-filled ones from other hives where they are not so strong, and place them on the stronger lot, as by thus doing all the bees will be kept at work, and get the sections filled as well ; and in most eases it will be found that where stock have thrown off swarms, and have not been returned, the sections will, as a rule, be left partly filled, and these are a trouble, because they have to be extracted, not being saleable as they are. EXTRACTING. — This operation should be per- formed with great care, so as to keep the honey as far away from the hives as possible ; an empty room if con- venient is the best place to extract in, taking care that all the windows and doors are closed, to prevent the bees being attracted, as besides the great inconvenience they cause to the operator, it also starts them robbing from weaker stocks, which, when once commenced, is very diflicult to put a stop to. When new honey is required for show it is well to extract it three weeks or a month beforehand, so as to allow time for the honey to clear itself, and the bits of comb, &c., which rise to the top of the bottle to be skimmed off. Put the honey by in a cool dry place till required. It is a common and harmful practice to take away more frames containing honey from the body-box of the hives than the bees can spare, which compels the bee-master to feed with syrup in the autumn, when this might be avoided by taking less away. From six to eight frames should be left in any case, and be careful not to extract from any frame containing brood. After extracting, the frames or sections can be returned to the hive for bees to clear out, and then put by for use next year. Sections for show or sale, as tbey are taken trom the hive, should be kept the same way up, carefully cleaned, and the propohs scraped off, which can be done with an old knife ; and of course the sections show to much better advantage by bein^,- glazed and stuck round with a narrow edging of fancy paper, which can be bought very cheaply from any of the bee appliance dealers ; three-eighths of an inch is about the margin allowed. 70 THE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE. [July 18, 1896. EDITORIAL NOTICES. ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the PUBLISHER. Letters for Publication, as 7i'eU as specimens and plants for Tiaming, should le addressed to the EDITOR, 41, Welling- ton Street, Covent Garden, London. Communicationi should he WRITTEN ON ONE SIDE ONLY OF THE PAPER, sent as early in the week as possible, and duly signed by the writer. I/desired, the signature will not he 2>rinted, hut kept as a guarantee of good faith. The Editor does not under- take to pay for any contributions, or to return unused com- municatioTis or illustrations, unless by special arrangement. Illustrations.— r?tc Editor will thankfxdly receive and select photographs or drau^ngs, suitable for reproduction in these pages, of gardens, or of reviarkaUe plants, flowers, trees, &c. ; hut he cannot he responsible for loss or ii^ury. Local News. — Correspondents \cill greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to he of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Newspapers. — Correspomlents sending newspapers sh/)uld be careful to nuirk the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SATURDAY, July IS— New Brighton Rose Show. fTT-T-^r. «\' T,,,,. oi i TibsheU Rose and Horticultural 1LESDA1, JUL-v 21-j g^^ij^^ „_^,,„j._ , „ , ,.^ i Beckenham Horticultural Show. WtU.NthUAl, JlL^ —-iRoyalBotanicSociety, Promenade. ("Rose Show at Botanic Gardens, SATURDAY, July 25 ■! Manchester. ( Royal Botanic Society, Meeting. SALES. i?TjTr> i-v- -T^r-r. oj i luiportcdand Established Orchids, J^KlUAl, jrry _4-j at Protheroe & .Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE EN- SUING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM OB.SERVATI0NS OP FORTY-THREE TEARS, AT CHISWICK — 63°.4. The great gathennor of the clans Metropolitan , , , , , , Rose Show. '^^^ taken place, and, as usual, when the National sounds the trumpet, there was a goodl3' muster from all parts of the kingdom ; contingents came from as far north as " bonnie Dundee," and from as far south as the Isle of Wight, from the Queen of the west, and fi'om the metropolis of Eose- growing in the east ; in fact, from almost every county representatives came. They had not the exultant air of expectant conquerors as in former years — there was a sort of depression about them. Faces were not so "wreathed in smiles " as they are accustomed to be, and one instinctively felt that there was something wrong ; and when the lids were removed from the boxes and the flowers lay open to in- spection, it was at once seen what was the cause of all these downcast looks. As Mr. MawleY has already told our readers, there were fewer Roses than have been shown for years, and the quality of them was certainly very mediocre. One instance will sufficiently exemplify this. Imagine two of our best judges of Eoses who on that account had been selected to choose out the best Rose in the show, coming up with a somewhat indignant air and asking, "Are we obliged to give the medal for the best Rose ? Here is the best that we can find ; we think it would be a dis- credit to the National to give it a medal." What could be said but that, " If the best Rose were an indifferent one, it must still have it." " Well, we do not like doing it, but I suppose you are right." In truth, the Roses were both deficient in size and substance ; there were, of course, some good ones, and some boxes over which one Kngered with pleasure, but these were the exceptions, and though to the general public the flowers seemed worthy of the honours that they obtained, many a victor was fain to confess that he had won with flowers which in some seasons he would not have cared to put up. Great was the consternation of the committee, when a couple of months ago the intelligence was brought that rosarians could not have their usual place, but would be obliged to be squeezed into the space in front of the great orchestra ; the nave, where the show was usually held, being occupied by the carriage exhibition. Great efforts were made to try and alter this, but. after all, we are not sure but that the arrangement was more pleasing to exhibitors ; the flowers were more together, and it was more easy to see them. As we have alreadj' given a full report of the flowers exhibited, a few points only need be now mentioned. It has been seen that the Challenge Trophies went into different hands : Colchester had to give way to Bedale, or pei'haps it should be said, Bedale and Hitchiu combined; while the Amateur Trophy, which has during the last six years, with one exception, been taken by Mr. E. B. LiND.sELL of Hitchin, was captured by one who formerly held it, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, of Havering. The season was, no doubt, favoui-ablo to him, as he generally considers the Crystal Palace too early for him, so the forwardness of the present season was in his favour. The ' ' Tea " Trophy also went to East AngUa, as did the Ilarkness Cup, which is now retained permanently by Mr. Orpen. With regard to the extent of the competition, it is a somewhat curious fact, that although fewer Roses were staged, yet very nearly all the prizes ottered wore taken. In some years there is a considerable saving to the Treasurer from this cause, but this year very little ; it evidently shows one thing, that the arrangement of classes according to the number of plants grown by the exhibitors has worked well. The prizes offered for the Eoses raised by Messrs. Alex.vnder Dickson & Son brought forward an interesting competition in both the nurserymen's and amateurs' divisions, and showed what good Roses had come from that source ; and there was one in Mr. Lindsell's box which has not received the attention which it merits. We allude to that beautiful Tea, Muriel Grahame. The nurserymen's stand was not at all equal to the amateurs' (by-the-by, it is necessary to correct an error in our last issue, in which this piize is said to have been offered by the firm, whereas it was really offered by Mr. C. J. Grah-^me ; and although he did not wish his name to be known, it is now so open a secret, that he should have the full credit of his liberality). Probably the best Rose that has been sent out by them is Mrs. Sharman Crawford, though run hard in such a season as this by Margaret Dickson, which has everywhere been very fine. The same gentleman offered a prize for Roses raised in England and Scotland ; this was won by Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Son, whose stand coa- tained some fine blooms. Some of the most in- teresting stands were those of 12 of one variety. Mr. Mount's glorious stand of Mrs. John Laing confirmed the view many of us have had, that this is the best Rose that Mr. Henry Bennett raised. There was also another box of Cap- tain Hayward, which Mr. Mount exhibited so well at the Drill Hall earlier in the season, showing it to be a grand Eose for pot-culture, and now established as a good exhibition variety. Then there was a very beautiful box of that somewhat little-known Eose, which last year gained the Medal for the best hybrid at Derby — Comtesse de Ludre, and which as shown by Messrs. ML-iCK & Son at the metro- politan show was a decidedly effective Eose. In the same way, the stand with Marchioness of Londonderry, which gained the 1st prize for the best twelve blooms of white Eose, contained many very beautiful flowers, although some do not like the tint of white (if we may use such an expression). The twelve blooms of The Bride which came next to it were very pretty, although defective in point of size. The stands for new Eoses were mainly comprised of home- raised flowers. The French Eose which was most frequently shown and the most generally admired was Maman Cochet, and we may hope from its vigour it may prove a useful Rose ; but we may be disappointed, as some have been with Ernest Metz ; we had hoped great things from it, but it has not been the gain we anticipated. Dickson's new Eose, Helen Keller, promises to be another useful addition to the pink Eoses we already have ; however, if we could get some more of the highly- coloured Eoses, such as the Earl of Dufferin, we should be glad of them, alike for exhibition and for our gardens. No medal was awarded for any new Rose, although several candidates for it were exhibited ; one of these, Mrs. Frank Cant, a light blush form, which was commended, has already received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. Before passing from these exhibition Eoses, a word may be said for the very beautiful paint- ings of some half-a-dozen Roses, exhibited by the artist, Mr. Hayward, of Twyford, near Winchester ; they are unquestionably among the best paintings of Eoses ever seen ; so much did the judges and committee think of them that they awarded the artist a silver medal. The class for hybrid Teas was better filled than has hitherto been the case, but this has been done by robbing the hybrid perpetuals of such flowers as La France, and the Teas of Kaiserin Augusta Victoria ; while Lady Mary FitzwiUiam and Viscountess Folkestone have also been pressed into the service, although for many years they have been exhibited as H. P.'s. Probably, no part of the exhibition was the subject of keener interest than that allotted to garden Eoses and displays of decorative Eoses, especially the former. Of these, the exhibits of Mr. H. V. Machin, who gained Lord Pen- zance's handsome Cup for garden Eoses ; and those of Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, and Messrs. Cooling & Son, of Bath, were very fine, while their artistic arrangement left nothing to be desired. There were, it is true, but few of the single Eoses amongst them, as they had mostly passed their prime. Mr. Machin's stand, which was admirably arranged, contained fine bunches of Eed Damask, The Pet, Madame Worth, Perle d'Or, Bardon Job, Anna Maria de Montravel, Mignonette, Red Pet, Macrantha, Gloire des Polyantha, Madame P. Ducher, China, Baron 3 de Chassaneur, Maiden's Blush, Thoresbyana, Cecil Brunner, and Rosa Muudi. Messrs. Paul & Sons' stand comprised, amongst others, Madame Chedane Guinoisseau, Gustavo Regis, Madame Pierre Cochet, Madame Pernet Ducher, L'Ideale, Ma Capucine, Homere, Safrano, Bardon Job, Jolt 18, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 71 and Crimson Eambler. It will thus be seen the smaller Tea and Noisette Roses, and the little gems of the Polyantha class, came largely into refjuisition. It will be seen from the list of awards which were given ia a previous issue, that many new growers have come forward ; names which have not hitherto been seen in the list of combatants. This is the result of one of the sub-division of classes according to the plan proposed by Mr. perhaps, not meet again ; while each year shows the losses we have sustained, and we miss many a kindly greeting. The arrangements at the Palace are always as good as long ex- perience and a desire to please can make them ; and the thanks of Hose - growers are due to Mr. Head and his assistants for the manner in which difficulties are over- come and the wants of exhibitors provided for. "We have had a pleasant meeting, and although in a Rote point cf vie^, not up to the mark, we bo estimated by a glance at the accompanying illus- tration (fig. 14). whi,;h shows the freedom with which the sfiecies flowers. It is a deciduous shrub, the leaves being lanceolate, pointed, and from 1 J to- 3 inches long : they are of a lustrous green, with a. few hairs on the upper surface near the margin, the margin also being irregularly ciliate. The flowers, which appear in April before any of the leaf-buds have burst, are of a clear pale pink, becoming almost pure white liefore they fade ; they are 1 J incli across, the petals being oblong, with rounded or emarginate tips, and there are a few spots of reddish brown on. \f^-:~NlN ■-^T-^^ 9"" I'K'-^^I-^ Fig. 14.— rhoeooeudrox vaseti : colotr tale tink, changing to white. Graiiame ; other growers have moved upward.s, such as Mr. Grahame in his new garden at Leatherhead, and Mr. "W. Boyes of Derby; there is still, however, a lack of exhibitors from the North. In the case of amateurs, we do not get much from beyond the Midlands ; but perha: s at Ulverston the northern exhibitors may make their appearanca. Since the retirement of Mr. Whitwell and Mr. S. B. Hall, no one has arisen to fill the blank. Rosarians, as a rule, make a point if they can of coming to the metropolitan show, and thus one meets with old friends who we may, can have the satisfaction of laying blame on something which has in this country to bear a good deal — the weather. Rhododendron VaSEYI.— Among hardy shrubs introduced in recent years from North America, there are few of greater promise than this. It is perfectly hardy, even in the seedling state, and flowers when only a few inches high. Although introduced to Kew only eight or nine years .ago, it has borne seed for several years past. In its native home, on the hills of North Carolina, it reaches a height of 15 feet ; and the wonderful beauty of these bushes, as de- scribed by those who have seen them in flower, may the three upper ones. Among the seedlings raised at Kew are one or two with flowers that are almost pure white on first opening. Rhododendron Vaseyi and R. rhombicum bloom at the same time ; and although the flowers of the one now figured are smaller, the species are evidently closely allied. K. Vaseyi seems, indeed, to be the American representative of the section to which R. rhombicum and one or two other Japanese species belong, and differs much in general character from the other deciduous Rhododendrons of North America, from which, in conjunction with R. flavum (Azalea pontica), have been obtained the soealled Ghent Az;Ueas that flower a month later. 72 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jolt IS, 1896. Examination in Horticulture. — Examiners' Report.—" To the President aud Council of the Royal Horticultui-al Society. Gentlemen,— We beg leave to report that we have examined the papers sub- mitted to us — in all 152. Of these we selected 16 as worthy to be placed in the first class, 53 in the second, and 49 in the third. The remainder were passed over. The candidates were distributed over the whole of Great Britain, but no papers were received from Ireland. The Examination, as a whole, shows, in our opinion, that a more intelligent appreciation of the principles underlying practical horticulture is prevalent than was the case in previous years ; nevertheless, there is abundant evidence to show that if the hands .ore trained to work, the eyes are not correspondingly taught how and what to see. Correct observation of the most common objects is still rare except among those who have had the advantage of adequate training. We have the honour to be, Gentlemen, your obedient servants, T nn ton,! Maxwell T. Masters, Jime 20, 1S96. t -r^ -. Jas. Douglas. Class List. Maximum numher of marks obtainable, 300. Xo. First aass. "[^^^^ 1. Mr. E. T. Heam, Central Laboratory, Chelmsford 2.i.-. 2. Mr. W. Pratchett, Central Laboratory, Chelmsford 240 3. Mr. W. H. Patterson, Central Laboratory, Chelmsford 237 4. Mr. W. G. Martin, Central Laboratory, Cheknsford 235 5. Ml-. Joseph Mitchell, Haslington, Crewe ... 230 6. Miss Gertrude Cope, Horticultui-al College, Swanley ... ... ... ... ... 227 7. Mr. Frederick J. Chittenden, Central Labo- ratory, Chelmsford ... ... ... 225 8. Mr. J. W. Dupr^, National School, Hand- forth 217 9. Miss F. M. G. Micklethwait, Horticultural College, Swanley ... ... 215 10. Mr. H. Ward, Breadsall Priory, Derby ... 213 11. Mr. Fredk. C. Stacey, Central Laboratoiy, Chelmsford 210 12. Ml-. Arthm- H. Beeby, Central Laboratory, Chelmsford 207 13. Miss Sarah L. Saunders, Central Labora- tory, Chelmsford .. . ... ... ... 205 13. Miss H. W. Hotten, Horticultural CoUege, Swanley 205 13. Mr. John R. Giles, Swindon, near Dudley 205 16. Miss A. Geoghegan, Horticultural College, Swanley 200 QUESTIONS. Sight questions only to he onsieered : four from Division A, and four frimi Division B. Division A. — Elementaky Principles. 1. — What are the objects sought to be obtalxied by digging the soil? Of what use is it to the crops ? 2. — What do plants do when exposed to bright sunshine, and what takes place when they are subjected to total darkness ? 3. — Of the elements and compounds that go to make up the constitution of plants, a few occur in much larger pro- portiou than others. Which are they, and whence arc they obtained? 4. — What are the "reserve materials" of plants? Where are they stored? What use is made of them? 5.— What are the essential points in the structure of roots, as contrasted with that of stems ? 6. — What are the special etfects produced by nitrogenous manures and by mineral manures respectively ? 7. —Describe the .shoot of a Peach tree and the arrangement of its buds. 8. — What part of the plant furnishes the vegetable known as Asparagus? 9. — What are the m.aiu differences between the " seed " of a flowering plant and the *' spore " of a fungus ? Division B. — Horticultural Pbactice. 1.— Describe the preparation of the ground for the Onion crop ; the method of sowing the seed and subsequent treat- ment ; also the most suitable soil. 2. — What are the circumstances which should regulate the frequency of watering and the amount of water to be given to plants in pots ? 3. — Describe the most suitable soil, and the method of culture, for such tap-rooted vegetables as the Carrot and Parsnip. 4. — Say what you know about the origin of the Chen-y and Apricot ; the soil aud manure most suitable to each ; the discJises they are subject to, and the most effective remedies. 5. — Give the names of the best varieties of Strawberries. What is the most suitable soil for their culture ? Describe the culture (in detail! for forcing and the open garden. 0.— Wh.at is the origin of the Carnation and the garden Fink ? How may a supply of flowers be obtained from these plants all the ye.ir round? Describe the diseases and the methods of prevention and cure, 7. — Describe the cultmre of the Daffodil ; its propagation ; the diseases aud other enemies that attack the plants, and the best treatment. S. — Describe the general details of Orchard House Culture ; and state whether there are any advantages in growing fruit- trees in pots. 9.— What are the best methods for ventilating hot-houses, and for shading the plants? Give general details. The Botanical Garden, St. Louis. — With regard to the Botanical Gar-den at St. Louis, a view in which formed our supplementary illustration last week, we afiord our readers the following note, de- scriptive of the effects of the recent cyclore, ex- tracted from a late issue of Garden and Forest : — It will be of much interest to the scientific and gar- dening world to learn the extent of the damage done to the Missouri Botanical Garden by the destructive tornado that recently visited St. Louis. The gai-den was in the direct path of the wrecking wind at its extreme western point. As this was the starting point of the destruction, the garden suffered less severely than the region just to the east, though the damage was considerable, more especially in the tim- bered portion. Something like 160 trees were either uprooted or broken off so near the gi-ound that it was found necessai-y to take them out. Many of these were rare and choice plants, and an estimate of their value would be impossible. More than 250 trees were seriously damaged, many of them having then- tops almost entirely carried away. Some of these, by judicious pruning, will, in a few years, grow to be beautiful trees again, while it is probable that a few win die. The shrubbery was badly whipped, but the damage to it was comparatively shght. The herba- ceous plants were almost totally destroyed in the exposed places, but these ai-e now all replaced by reserved stock. The grounds are rapidly being put in order, and in a month it is expected that all vestige of the storm will have been cleared away, and only the vacant places left to indicate its awful work. It is fair to say that the damage is not so great as to mar the beauty of the garden, nor to impair its use- fulness as a place of instruction. In these particulars it will not suffer in the least. The injury to the buildings was mainly in broken windows aud damaged roofs. The glass portion of the roof of one large greenhouse was entirely demolished, and the roof of the southern half of the herbarium and library build- ing was carried away. By prompt action of the employes in the library building, its contents received no damage whatever. Cardiff Horticultural Society.— This Society made a wise arrangement when they decided to hold their annual show in the Cardifi Exhibition- grounds. The dates are August 12 and 13, and there is evei-y prospect of a good show being held. The tents will be fixed in the long avenue — a splendid site — but the space will be rather Umited. Exhibits not for competition will only be allowed to those who make early application. Scottish Horticultural Association.— The usual montldy meeting of this Society was held at 5, St. Andrew Square on Thursday evening, the 2nd inst., Mr. It. W. E. Murkat, the President, occupying the chair. The paper given by Mr. D. Mcl>."TYRE, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, wa.s entitled " Fungi," and treated of several of the most injurious as well as beneficial, including canker (Nectria ditissima), gumming (Coryneum Beyerinckii), Apple-scab (Cladosporium dendriticum). Mildew, and Potato disease ; Rhizobium legumiuosai-um, and Michoriza. The paper concisely pointed out the mode of germination, and stages passed through in the lif J of these fungi, aud the best method of pre- vention. A few of the best solutions employed in' checking their spread was discussed by the members. After a hearty vote of thanks to the reader of the instructive paper the meeting closed. First-class Bulbs. — Subjoined are further results of the pUhiscitc initiated by the Dutch Bulb Society, and referred to on p. 790 in our last volume : — Narcissus {simjlc), ilarjni-coronati Group. — X. bi- color, John Horsfield, 396 votes ; Golden Spur, major, maximus, moschatus, albicans, lorifolius Emperor, and bi^olor Empress, 256 votes. Mcdio-coronati Group. — Incomparabilis, Sir Watkin, 217 votes; C.ampernelli, SS votes. Parvi - coronati Group. — Poeticus ornatus, 315 votes ; and the common poeticus, follows with 71 votes. Narcissus (double). — Orange Phcenix, 369 votes; Van Sion, 366 ; and SUver Phoenix, 357 votes. Narcissus piolyant/ius, — Grand Monarque, 359 votes : Gloi-iosa, Grand Soleil d'Or, Bathurst, Her Majesty, Mont Cenis, The Pearl, Queen Victoria (yellow), and Don Carlos, 233 votes. Crocus. — Mont Blanc, 351 votes ; purpureus grandiflorus, JIargot, Xerxes, Caroline Chisholm, and Albion, 200 votes. Gladiolus. — Colvillei (red), 362 votes ; ColviUei albus var. The Bride, and Colvillei albus, 2S9 votes. Lilium. — Speciosum rubrum, 349 votes ; spe- ciosum album, speciosum punctatum, speciosum album vai-. Kroouprinces, and speciosum album vai-. Ivraetzeri, 263 votes. The beautiful Lilium Brownii gets only 6S votes, and the splendid Lilium amatum only 28 votes. Scilla.- — Sibirica, 301 votes. Oalanthus. — Nivalis and nivalis flore-pleno, both 287 votes. Chionodoxa. — Lucilli;e, 269 ; and sardensis, 20S votes. Muscari. — Botryoides and botryoides album, both 247 votes. Iris. — I. hispanica Blanche superba, 242 votes ; I. Ovidius, 202 votes ; I. Golden Cup, 194 votes ; I. Le Reconnaissance, 17o votes. Fritillaria. — F. imperialis maximus (yellow), with 236 votes ; F. i. goudbont, 208 votes ; F. i. maximus (red), 207 votes ; F. i. sulphui-eus, 196 votes. Leucojum. — L. iestivum, 205 votes. Representations of the above-named bulbs will be published from time to time in coloured plates in the Florile'jium Harlemensc. Specific Characters.— At the last meeting of the Linnean Society, Dr. A. R. Wallace, F.R.S., read a paper " On the Value of Specific Characters." The object of this paper was to show that, accepting the facts of variation and heredity and the agency of natural selection, the characters which distinguish a species from its allies, and which ai-e, therefore, either singly or in their combination, peculiar to the species, are necessarily useful. The causes said to be capable of producing useless specific characters were considered, and it was shown that such of them as did not involve the action of natm-al selection could not, except through a rare chance, extend the original useless vai-iation to every indi- vidual of a species, and to those only. Useless characters, therefore, although often occm-ring spora- dically, can never (except by chance) become truly specific. Some of the cases of alleged useless specific characters were then examined, and were shown to be explicable either as individual modifications due to environment, or as being adaptive and therefore useful. The conclusion arrived at was that, whether we can discover their use or no, there is an overwhelming probability in favour of the statement that every truly specific character is or has been useful, or if not itself useful, is strictly correlated with such a character. "DicTiONNAiRE Pratique d'Horticulture." — The French edition of " Nicholson," published by Octave Doin, of Paris, has now reached the letter Phys. There are many additions to the letter-press and to the illustrations in this new edition. New York. — Professor K. L. Bbittox, of Colum- bia College, has been appointed Director of the new botanical garden to be established iu Bronx Park, in this citv. July 18, 1896.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 73 The Reading and District Gardeners' Mutual Improvement Association had its aunual outing on the 2nd inst. , wlieu over 110 mem- bers took pai't in the event. The places selected to be visited were Englefield (the seat of R. Benton, Esq.), Coombe Lodge, Whitchurch, and Shooter's Hill. The Growth of Leaves. —.Vt the last meet- ing of the Linnean Society, a paper was read by Prof. JIacdouqal, " On the Relatious of the Growth of Jjeaves to the Chlorophyll-function." The author remarked that the leaves of seedlings accomplish a large proportion, though not always their entire development, at the expense of the food derived from the seed. Rapidly developing but small leaves fur- packets, and as in this form it is almost as beautifvil and far more lasting than when freshly cut, it is a valuable acquirement. " Hunter's Preserved Ferns '' should not be expo.sed to full sunlight, but, in a dry atmosphere, where in vases it will keep fresh, retaining its (apparently) natural colour and gracefulness for a long period. Chester Horticultural Show and Fete, August 5 and 6, 1896. — At the request of several intending exhibitors, entries will be received up to Wednesday, July 2fl, writes Mr. J. Wynne Ffoolkes, Hon. Sec, Crypt Chambers, Eastgate Row, Chester. "Fruit-growing," by Mr. W. Wells.— This is the latest of the series of Manuals on Fruit-culture FJQ. 15. — CATTLETA SCHRODEKIANA : COLOUR ROST-LILAC. nished with large stores of reserve food are able to carry out a complete development, but are unable to endure continued existence in an atmosphere free from CO2 : the slowly-developing leaves of many woody perennials develop normally and endure a long-continued existence under the above circum- stances. This varying reaction of leaves is dependent upon a series of conditions which may be included in the phrase "availability of the food-supply." The death of a leaf in an air free from carbonic acid gas is due to insufBcicut nutrition. Preserved Maidenhair Fern.— Maidenhair Fern is well known as formiug a most valuable addi- tion to arr.ingements of cut flowers, but hitherto it has only been the favoured tew who were able to obtain a sufficient supply of it at all seasons. It cau now, however, be obtained dried and coloured in written by nurserymen in recent years, of which Mr George Buntabd's Fruit-farming for Profit was the first in point of time. Primarily written to afford a fillip to fruit-culture, these works have doubt- less done much to make the possibilities of fruit culture in these islands gener.ally known ; and a good deal of the development of this industry is doubtless traceable to them. The contents of the manual, although differently arranged, do not materially differ from others of the above-men- tioned series. The chapters giving the reasons for an increase in fruit-farming and cider- m.aking are cogent and unanswerable ; and that on packing fruit for transit by railway, &c., affords useful directions. We may remark that the author is a nureeryman, residing at Crawley, therefore a near neighbour of the author of a similar manual, Mr. Joseph Cheal, of the Lowfield Nurseries. CATTLEYA SCHRODEKIANA. Thi.s pretty species (fig. 15), with flowers of rosy -lilac colour, somewhat resembling those of C. dolosa, was shown by Jlessrs. J. Veitcli & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, on the occasion of the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesd.ay, June 23. The stems are about 4 inches in height, having two distinct joints, and the pseudo- bulbs have two leaves, which are oblong-ligulate. It is a desirable summer-flowering plant. Home Correspondence. a combination of roses and briars.— The handsomest of hedges or clothed fences may be formed of Turner's Crimson Rambler Rose and Sweet Briar planted alternately. The absence of odour in the Rose is compensated by the delightful fragrance of the Briar. Anyway, the two varieties of Rose make a charming combination. K. double sweet pea. — AVe send herewith some blossoms of a Sweet Pea, which you will admit are a good step towards a double flower. You will observe that the standards are produced in duplicate and sometimes triplicate, and this featui'e makes the blossom far more attractive than has hitherto been the case when only one has appeared. Ja/ncs Carter .0 Co. HOLL'VHOCK disease. — Although it may seem presumptuous to differ from Mr. Douglas when he writes about certain plants. 1 feel constrained to iliffer from him with all respect when, for instance. he states that Hollyhocks have not suffered materially from the well-known Puccinia this season. I have seen it in many places amongst not only double but single-flowered forms, the latter being now chiefly grown in rural districts, Uterally rampant, eating up leaves and stems wholesale. Then it is not my expe- rience that a moist season favours the development of this fungus. So far from that being the case, 1 always found moisture at the roots and on the leafage as most helpful to robust growth, and strong growth enables the plants the more effectually to resist the attacks of this insidious and too commonly terribly destructive disease. Moist seasons may be harmful to the bloom, and especially so to fertilisation, but the roots and leaves undoubtedly like it. Those who would still, under the discouraging conditions by which surrounded, grow Hollyhocks (and when well gromi they rank amongst the noblest denizens of our flower gardens), should have the ground for them well trenched, burying a good dressing of manure : give the plants plenty of room, water liberally in dry weather, and always raise from seed, which should be sown in fresh soil every year, if raised outdoors. The moment the bloom is "over, the stems should be cut off close to the ground, removed, and burnt, and a very light sprinkling of gas-lime and soil be given about over the roots, and be hoed in. Seed for own sowing or sale should never be saved from infected stocks, and there can be no doubt but that even seed, microscopically examined, would be found carrying fungus-spores. D. [See Card. Citron., July 15, 1.SS2. p. 87.— Ed.] mealy-bug on vines and XL all vaporiser. — -Last season I used this preparation m a late vinery containing amongst other varieties Lady Downes and Gros Colmar. I did not find th It may .also be expected that Messrs. Dickson & Co., Edinburgh, may have something of importance to add to the statement, not j'et contradicted, that they distributed Garibaldi the same year as the Messrs. Vilmorin of Paris the Vicomtesse Hericart du Thury, aud that these two Strawberries are one and the same. There is yet another point. How did it come about that the Vicomtesse is hardly known or grown iu Scotland, unless under the name of Garibaldi ? The name and fame of both these firms are like Cesar's wife — beyond suspicion, and yet for a period of nearly thirty years both have been doing a brisk trade iu one Strawberry, according to " Fragaria," under two names. It miy be admitted that of late years the sorts have got considerably mixed, and perhaps very generally deteriorated ; but so soon as I saw the two Viarieties true side by side in Mr. Carmichael's garden here, they recalled fragrant memories of what they were long, long ago. As Garibaldi is a Strawberry of great commercial importance around Edinburgh, the question of its purity, .and the growing of the finest strain, is one of vital moment to growers. As to the authorities, they do not help us much in this matter. Were it an affair of Apples, Pears, Plums, Peaches, or Grapes, I should turn to the Royal Horticultural Society, the Orehardist, or Dr. Hogg's latest edition of his useful Pridt Manual, with more confidence. Scott in his Orehardist, says little of the Vicomtesse Hericart du Thury, and merely names Garibaldi as a new American variety. Dr. Hogg thus describes the Vicomtesse Hericart du Thury, and dubbs Gari- baldi as a synonym, without a word of its dual intro- duction through the Scotch firm of Dicksou it Co. the same year : '' Fruit above medium size, conical, with an even surface ; skin, deep scarlet, becoming deep red as it ripens ; seeds yellow, slightly im- bedded ; flesh, p.ale red throughout, firm and solid, brisk sweet, aud richly flavoured. This is an extraordinarily abundant bearer, aud a valuable variety for general cultivation. In forcing it re- quires less light than most other varieties. The foli.age is almost evergreen, and it remains long in the sime ground." Is this Garibaldi, Vicomtesse H. du Thury, or either, as grown by Fragaria ? D. T. Fish. I read with much interest Mr. John Car- michael's notes on StrawbeiTies, in your issue of July 4. There is, however, one point on which I incline to differ with the above gentleman, viz.. that Royal Sovereigu will supersede Sir Joseph Paxton, as during the past two seasons here Royal Sovereign his been nerrly over before Sir Joseph July IS, 1S96.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. to Paxton was ready. It seems to me therefore that Royal Sovereign cannot well be looked upon as a coming rival to Sir Joseph, but as a good variety to precede it. I shall be glad to have the opinion of other growers, as to their experiences with Waterloo, as I can neither get it to grow nor fruit, and have therefore discarded it. /. Wilson, Oreemicle Nursery, St. Andrnos, N.B. Fruit Register. PEAR DOYENNE D'ETE. Tnis fine early Pear has fruit below medium size, but of delicious quality, ripening at a season when good Pears are not plentiful. We gathered our first ripe fruits of this variety on July 8 from a standard tree, which is an abundant bearer every year, and this year the crop is heavier than usual. The fruit has to be consumed as fast as it ripens on the tree, as it does not keep in good condition for any length of time. The season for it is over before Citron des Carmes, the next best early Pear, comes in. R. TurnbuU, Beachlcy Gardens, ChejMoio. Madresfield Court Grape Splitting. Mr. Crump may recollect that it was only in extreme cases that I recommended boring the laterals of this and other tender-skinned Grapes. In any ordinary, well-ventilated house there should be no difficulty in finishing it without a cracked berry, and, when well done, it has no superior amongst black Grapes, but it is sometimes difficult in low, old- fashioned structures, such as I have had to do with at times, and which I had in ray mind when I penned the paragraph referred to. With outside borders, and very inadequate means of ventilating, I more than once saved my crop during heavy rainfall by adopting the method he condemns, and, in spite of its barbarity I should certainly pursue the same course were I placed in a similar predicament. Wm. Pope.. Golden Champion Grape. Will some kind reader kindly inform me if the above Grape was a seedhng ; if so, what sort was it raised from ? If I remember aright, Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, sent this Grape out in 1870. The late Mr. P. Grieve, of Culford, thought this Grape was only a sport. Any information on the subject will much obUge. W. O. Leach. [This variety was raised by Mr. Thomson, gardener to the Duke of Buccleuch, Dalkeith Palace, from seeds sown in 1S6.3. The Grape from which the seed was taken was, according to Mr. Thomson's statement in the Gardmen' Chronide for August 1, 186S, "a cross between the Champion Hamburgh and the Bowood Muscat." A figure of a bunch, together with a description of the fruit, both furnished by Mr. W. F. Burbidge, then a student at Chiswick, will be found in the above- mentioned issue of this journal. Whether the seed was obtained from a self-fertilised bloom or from another source can never be known. Ed.]. Easpberrt Superlative. I read the note by Mr. Woodgate in the Gardeners' Chronicle of the 11th inst., p. 44, and cordially endorse his remarks on the merits of the Superlative Raspberry. My experience with the variety extends over a few years, I having in the autumn of 1889 planted R. Hornet, R. Baumforth's Seedling, and Superlative. I was, however, obliged to discard the first two varieties after three years' trial of them, being satisfied that in our light soil they were not likely to be worth growing. I have now in bearing more than 200 stools of Superlative, and although we possess a somewhat large plantation of other varieties, they will all eventually have to give place to this excellent variety. It is the earliest to fniit with us, a most prolific cropper, has large and handsome fruit of good coloor, and it is less liable to the maggot, which is so prevalent in wet seasons. A word as to ray treatment of the plantations m,ay not be out of place. I select the fruiting canes for the ensuing year, early in the season — say about the middle of June ; these are loosely tied to the trellis ; and the crop being over, the fruiting - canes are removed, and the young ones tied securely in their places, placing them about 6 inches apart — the length of the canes at that time being about 9 feet. These are left their entire length till the following spring, and then, there being no chance of severe frost occurring, they are reduced to 6J feet. The roots are carefully bared, and a thick layer of fresh cow- dung is firmly trodden down over thera, and this slightly covered with fresh soil. The trellises are 6 feet high, they stand 6 feet apart, and consist of stoutish iron-wire, secured at the ends to wooden posts squared to 4 inches, with intervening supports of a somewhat smaller size. .r. p, MeLcod. SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. JiTLY 14.- -Unfortunately, the date upon which it was arr.inged that the exhibition of Roses should t;ike place, proved to be too late a one for so short and precocioxis a season as the present one, and although there were numerous collections entered in the fifteen classes provided by the society at the meeting held in the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on Tuesday last, the general quality of the blooms was by no means first-ciass. There might have been made a better show at the meeting held in the same ball tfiree weeks ago. Orchids were comparatively few on the occasion under notice, but several interesting ones were included in the small collection. Other plants and flowers wore fairly numerous, but though thei*e was a good display throughout the building, there were not many noveltie?, except in such plants as Carnations, Cannas, Sweet Peas, &c. Fruits and vegetables occupied rather more apace than for some time past. Floral Committee. PrcMiit: W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair; and Mcssi-s. J. Fraser, H. IJ. May, H. Henst, R. Dean, J. H. Fitt, George Stovons, Jas. Hudson, J. F. 5IcLeod, J. Fraser, R. Milligan Hogg, Chas. E. Pearson, H. Selfe Leonard, J. T. Bennett Pot;, Jas. Walker, Edwin Beckett, H. J. Jones, C. J. Salter, H. Cannell, Chas. Blick, George Paul, and Harry Turner. Messrs. Hahti,and & Co., Cork, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an excellent collection of double flowers of tuberous-rooted Begonias. There were about 150 blooms, staged with some of their own foliage, on a ground-work of moss, and the etfect was very'pretty. A very considerable number of varieties were represented, and most of them may be commended for their merit. They had travelled well. Messrs. Wallace & Co., Colchester, again staged an exhibit, consisting of varieties of Caloehortus now in flower, which inchidcs some very pretty ones of the medium and large- flowered sections ; also a number of LiUum blooms in many varieties, especially a fine lot of L. longiflorum gigan- teum, and forms of L. Thunbergianum, a species which has given very numerous varieties. A First-class Certificate was awarded tn L. concolor, a slender-growing species, about 1.J feet high, which produces sm.ill fiery-scarlet blossoms, being only U inch across. The flowers arc spotted thinly and faintly with a darker colour. The group was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal. Mr. H. EcKFORD, Wem, Salop, exhibited a small collection of his newest varieties of Sweet Peas, most of which were included in a large collection shown in *the Drill Hall on a former occasion. On the present occasion Awards of Merit were granted to Queen Victoria, Prince Edward of York, and Lady Qriael Hamilton. Sweet Peas were also largely exhibited by Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea ; and by Mr. F. C. Foster, Brockhampton Nurseries. In the former collection the bunches were interspersed with Gypsophila paniculata, and the effect was good. In each of the exhibits, however, there were many large-flowered varie- ties with distinct and pleasing colours. Both of the exhibitors were recommended Bronze Banksian Medals. Sprays of ornamental flowering and fohage shrubs were exhibited by Messrs. J. Cheal .the section with large pinnae (First-class Cer- tificate). Messrs. Jno. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill Nurseries, London, S.E., obtained an award of Merit for a seedling Gloxinia named Mr. P. J. Edridge, a variety with light purple flowers of good substance. A splendid Gaillardia was exhibited in sprays of bloom by Mr. G. H. Sage, gr. to Earl Dysart, Ham House, Rich- mond. The variety has been named Mrs. Sage, and is sure to become a popubir one, by reason of its long and strong stems, and 'its fine, almost perfectly-formed flowers, in which the usual colours are more clear, and more decided (Award of Merit). Me-ssrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, again made .an excellent exhibit of largo-llowered Cannas, many of which were comparatively new, but such good and well known \-arieties as Queen Charlotte, Madame Crozy, and others were also represented. Awards of Merit were deservedly made to Amy Jules Chretien, a self-coloured iiower of a shade ap- proaching salmon-rose ; and Aurora, a fine hindsome tlower of orange- scarlet. Mr. W. Farr, gr. to Andrew Pears, Esq., Spring Grove, Isleworth, exhibited a pretty Caladium unnamed. A. F. W. Hayward, Esq., exhibited a few excellent paintings of Robcb, and a few Pansies (Silver Flora Medal). Carnations were much to the fore, as might have been expected, for is it not July, the month of the Gilly-flower. Foremost came Mr. C. Blick, gr. to Martin R. Smith, Esq., Hayes, Kent, who w.us fortunate enough to secure six Awards of Merit as follows : for Mr. Macrae, self, pale carmine-red, full and fine in jxital ; Boreas, self, rich maroon, flushed with bright crimson, extra fine ; Dick Donovan, a superb white self, pure, and with stout shell-like petals; Blushing Bride, flushed with deUcate pink, fine substance ; Gladiator, a large purplish maroon self of fine quality ; and Voltaire, pale yellow ground, with edging of soft purphsh- rose. In addition, Jlr. S.mith had Princess Maud, Helms- man, and Daisy, all fine white selfs, but. as shown, not equal to Dick Donovan, the first- named shghtly flushed with blush ; Benzonian is a shaded dark maroon self, of fine quality of petal ; El Dorado and Golden Eagle are yellow grounds ; El Dorado being paler on the edge than Voltaire, and Golden Eigle paler still ; Judith is a pale purple self, with a fine petal, very promising. Mr. J. Douglas, Bookbam, Surrey, received an Award of Merit for Voltaire, and ho had Mr. Nigel, of a pale buff ground colour, heavily edged with crimson-maroon ; Mara- thon, a large and full pale yellow ground, edged with pale rosy-red ; El Dorado, Mrs. ./Ufred Tate, also a yellow ground, large and full ; Ladiis, yellow ground, having a shght edge of pale red ; Firefly, whitish-sulphur ground, heavily edged with crimson ; Winifred, a clear pale salmon self, decidedly promising, though not shown in its best character ; Nabob, pale creamy- salmon, fine petal ; Lady Ridley, and Mrs. Eric Hambro', two fine white selfs ; Black Prince, dark wme- crimaon ; Bendigo, a bright purple self; Waterwiteh, and Delicata, the last in the way of Aliee Ayres, white, with lines of bright pale red. Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, had several boxes of new Carnations, viz., Clio (Award of Merit), a heavy scarlet-edged Picotee, full, pure in the ground, and finely- shaped petals, bright in colour ; also Virgo, in the same way, with a broad edgiug of bright pale rosy-scarlet ; May Queen (Award of Merit), pale bright -yellow ground, the petals edged and slightly lined with pink and purple— large and full; Primrose League (Award of Merit), sulphur gi'ound, the petal-edges lined with purple-rose and pink, large, and of fine shape ; The Gift, yellow ground, very fine, having a neat edge of pale red ; Louisa Phillips, a clear pale-yellow self, deeper on the petal edges ; Delos, a pale bright-red self, a fine full flower ; Mrs. Douglas, yellow ground ; Knight Errant, self, deeper in tint than Delos ; Macclesfield, salmon- rose self, becoming a little paler with age ; Sir Guy, a delicate bluah self, in the way of Waterwiteh ; and 1 uchess, rosy- pink. Jim Smith is a very bright scarlet-red self, a brilliant border variety, which is very free, and is not appd-burater (Award of Merit), from Mr. H. G. Smyth. Drury Lane, W.C. From Mr. E. Corby-Sbarpin, Bedford, came a beautiful yellow-ground named Alice Mills, heavily edged with pale rosy-red, very fine shape and petal (Award of Merit). Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, staged a large number of bunches of Carnations set up with sprays of (?ypsophila, and they included the old Clove, Alice Ayres, 76 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [July IS, 1896. Germania, and many others, all useful border sorts (Silver Flora Medal). Mr. W. C. Troughton, Blackheatb, had a small bright scarlet self, unnamed ; a useful border surt. Mr. Glo. Radford, Rugeley, had Miss Ellen Oldham, yellow ground, heavily edged with red. Fine sprays of Pterocarya caucasica in fruit were sent from Mr. E. Burrel, gr. to HR.H. the Duchess of Alraxy, Clare- raont, Esher (Vote of Thanks). Figured in Gardeners' Clironicle, 1894, vol. ii., p. 364. COMPETITIVE ROSES. The Tea Roses were remarkably good, but generally the hybrid perpetuals were wanting in colour and fulness. There were two stands of twenty-four single trusses, dis- tinct, the Silver Cup offered as a 1st prize being won by Mr. T. B. Haywood, Woodhatch. Reigate (C. J. Salter, gr.), the blooms small, but clean and bright, the leading varieties Her Majesty, Madame GabrielleLuizet, Mon?. E. Y. Teas, Due de Rohan, Captain Christy, Earl of Dufferin, Pierre Notting Eclair, very bright in colour ; Madame Prosper Langier, and La France. The 2nd prize was awarded to Mr. C. J. Grahame, Wrydelands, Leatherhead, with larger blooms, but the coloured H.P.'s were pale in tint. In the open class for twenty-four single trusses distinct, the judges found some diflSculty in coming to a decision, and awarded equal 1st prizes tojMr. George Mount, Rose Nursei-ies, Canterbury, and Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurse- ries, Cheshunt. Mr. Mount had, for the time of year, regard being also had to the weather, some very good Roses, chief cmong them, Madame Eugfene Verdier, Duchess of Bedford, Mrs. J. Laing, Charles Lefebvre, Gustave Pigaueau, Ulrich Brunner, A. K. Williams, and Her Majesty. The leading flowers in Messrs. Paul &; Son's stand were Her Majesty, Marie Rady, Paul Neyron, and Duchess of Albany. A 3rd prize was awarded to Messrs. D. Prior & Son, nurserymen, Colchester. With twelve single trusses, distinct, the Rev. W. H. Jackson, Stagden Vicarage, Bedford, was 1st with good blooms of Emilc Hausburg, Duke of Connaught, Duchessc de Vallambrosa, Ferdinand Lesseps, Marquise de Castellanc, Sari of Dufferin, Captain Christy, and Marie Rady. Mr. E. West was awarded the 2nd prize, his best blooojs being Annie Wood and Captain Christy. I a the open class for twelve single trusses, distinct, there were six exhibitors. Mr. G. Mount taking the 1st prize with Earl of Dufferin, Madame Eugfene Verdier, Charles Lefebvre, Mrs. S. Laing, Duke of .Wellington, Caroline Testout, Duchess of Bedford, Ulrich Brunner, and Xavier Olibo; 2ud, Messra. -Paul &, Son. Mr. W. Taylor, Hampton Hill, had a box of fresh and l)right young flowers, which improved rather than deterio- rated as the day waned. With six fingle trusses shown by amateurs, Mr. J. Bate- man, Rose Vale, Archway Road, N., was 1st with Her Majesty, A. K. Williams, Duke of Wellington, Madame EagL-ne Verdier, Gustave Pigaueau, and Marie Baumann. The Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, Sproughton Rectory, Ipswich, was 2nd ; hia best flowers were Her Majesty, Madame GabrieUe /■Luizet, and Camille Bemardin. With six trusses of any one variety (amiteurs), Mr. R. II. IliANODON, Raymead, Hcndon, was 1st with La France, and the Rev. W. H. Jackson 2nd with Duke of Connaught. With twelve distinct Roses, threa trusses of each (open), Mr. Geo. Mount was again placed 1st, having fine blooms of Madame Eugene Verdier, Ulrich Brunner, Mrs, J. Laing, Xavier OUbo, Gustave Piganeau, Earl of Dufferin, La France, Marie Baumann, and A. K. Williams; Messrs. Paul &, Son were 2ud, their leading flowers being Her Majesty, Marie R;idy. Eclair, Mrs. J. Laing, J. B. Haywood, verj- bright in colour ; and Duke of Connaught. Messrs. D. Prior &. Son also competed. With twelve trusses of any one variety, Mr. G. Mount was 1st, with Mrs. J. Liing ; and Messrs. Paul opvilar varieties. Wo noted Boston Unrivalled, Consum- mate, a curved, scimitar-like pod of a dark green colour ; Ambassador, Royal Jubilee, The Daisy, Veitch's Perfection, Alderman. Duke of Allimy. Invincible Marrow, Early Marrowfat, The Duchess (of Albany), Critic, Sutton's Prize- winner, ditto Eureka, Windsor Castle, &c. Many of the pods shown were filled, and past their best for cooking purposes. We think that to show culinary Peas in so forward a condition is a mistake. A pretty Cucumber w;i3 shown by Mr. W. Palmer, Andover, and named Palmer's Graceful. It was short, smooth, dark green, and tapering gradually to a long point and having a neck too long for so short a fruit. Hence probably its being passed by. Mr. W. CARMiciiAELof 14, Pitt-s^., Edinburgh, and formerly of Saudringham, showed Strawberries, Prince of Wales= Waterloo x British Queen ; Princess of Wales = Latest of all X Frogmore Late Pine ; Wm. Cannichael - Waterloo x British Queen ; and Queen of Danemark ^= Frogmore Late Pine X Waterloo. These are, we l>elieve, to be tested at Chiswick. A number of dishes of Tomatos by various exhibitors were tabled but nothing of superlative merit was observed. Most of them seemed to be of the smooth Perfec* tion type. Several Melons were shown, and one— a white fleshed variety named Effingham Perfection = Hero of Lockinge x W. Tillery from Mr. Alderman received an Award of Merit. Messrs. J. Veitch &. Sons, Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, exhibited about a score of dishes of Cherries in distinct varieties We remarked fine fruits of Reine Hortense, Bigarreau Napoleon, May Duke, Governor. Wood, Cleveland Bigarreau, Tradescant's Heart, Baumann's May. and BlacK Hiiwk. They also showed fruits of the Pears Citron des Cannes and Doycniu- d'Etc ; varieties of Black, Red, and White Currants ; Superlative Raspberry ; and twenty-six dis- tinct dishes of Gooseberries. Mrs. Abbot, South Villa, Regent's Park (gr., Jfr. Keif), showed excellent fruits of Peaches, Dymond, Royal George, and Dr. Hogg. These were as good as possible in size and colour, although grown within two miles of Charing Cross. A Banksian Medal was awarded. Lecture on New Roses. In the afternoon a paper upon this subject written by the successful amateur, the Rev. J, H. Pemberton, was read by the Assistant Secretary. Mr. Pemberton remarked upon the wonderful develop- ment of the Rose that has taken place in comparatively recent years, and as an instmce gave a short list ol varieties that were found in an old catalogue. It was also remarked that the development of one section was most rapid for a few years, and that afterwards attention appeared to be concen- trated upon a different section. Then the race of Hybrid Teas was originated by the iotroduction of Cheshunt Hybrid, since which time there have been numerous such varieties, most of which have become very popular. Mr. Pemberton said that the qualities which exhibitors desired to find in New Rosei were only size, form, and colour, but that as Rose lovers and Rose cultivators very many times outnumbered the Rose exhibitors, raisers should be particular that a new Rose possesses other virtues before they venture to introduce it into commercw*. Such virtues were, scent in the flower, hardiness in the i>lant, and a habit of free blooming. Undoubtedly the greater number of newly-introduced Roses were wt)rthless, and only a few seasons were necessary to prove this so fully that their names were almost forgotten. July 18, 1896.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 77 A greater care was necessary on the part of nurserymen who ntroduce Rosea to the public in order that they may ascertain themselves whether or not each variety is worthy cultivation. At the end of Mr. Pembebton's paper was appended a list of the best Roses that have been introduced during the past seven years, and remarks upon some of these were given. It was a misfortune for roaariana that Mr. Pemberton was not himself present. Sir Alexander Arbuthnot condemned the action of the National Rose Society in prohibiting certain varieties of undoubted merit from a place among general exhibition Roses. An instance was given in Ernest Fiirst, a Rose of somewhat smaller size than many exhibition varieties, but which possessed unquestionable merits apart from this, though not included in the Nat. Rose Soc. catalogue. Sir Alex. Arblithnot protested against the term Exhibition Rose at all, and urged that at the National Rose Society's exhibitions, encouragement should not be exclusively given to flowers of large size. Mr. Walter Easle/i of Messrs. W. Paul's Nursery, at Waltham Cross, also made a few remarks, and enumerated about a score of varieties that it was urged should have been Deluded by the lecturer. TUNBBIDGE WELLS HORTI- CULTURAL. JOLV 8.— Although not quite up to the aver.igo, the thirty- eighth exhibition of this society hold on the above date was airly good. In the 0| en classes there were few competitors from a distance ; and, for the most part, they were won by winners n the local classes. Mr. J. Mason, gr. to H. J. Wood, Esq., Pulborough, Kent was 1st for four stove and greenhouse plants; and Mr. s! Pope, gr. to J. J. Barrow, Esq., Holmwood, Tunbridge Wells, won for four ornamental foli,ago plants. Mr. T. PoRTNELL winning for four exotic Ferns. Groups were decidedly weak, the best coming from Mr J Howes, gr. to W. Cobb, Esq , Bro.adwatcr Down, who wm also well in front for nine Orchids, a grand piece of Odonto- glossum var. Cobbianum and Epidendrum vitellinum being included. Mr. J. Mason was 2nd, and Mr. L. DorONn 3rd Mr. DupoND had a superb piece of D:sa grandiflora. Cut flowers were good, and the collections of herbaceous perennial flowers grand. The 1st prize f,.r twenty-four species was awarded to Mr. J. CmRLTox, Tunbridgo Wells. Mr. R. Edwards, Beechey Lees, Sevenoaks, was 1st for three pieces of table decorations ; and Mr. S. Cook, gr to De B Cruvshay, Esq , Rosefleld, Sevenoaks, was 1st for a deconi- tion, consisting of Roses only Mr. PoRTNELL was 1st for eighteen bunches of stove and greenhouse flowers. Wreaths and floral designs were goo', a pretty wreath from Mr J. Gore, Polegate, and an anchor from Mr Wfbbeh, lunbndge, being adjudged 1st and 2nd respectively. Mr. J. Charlton was well ahead for both bride and hand bouquets; Mrs. A. Hatt.)N, Sevenoaks, following in each Rom were fairly good for the season. Mr G Mount Canterbury; Messrs. G. Bonyard i Co., Maidstone ; and Mr' G. W. p.pEK, Uckfield, taking prizes iu the above order both m a class for forty-eight varieties, and in one for twelve ieaa or Noisettes. 1st m all the amateurs' classes, and showed some tmod Wooms. In the 2nd prize stand for twenty-four varieties there E. M Bethune. Esq., Horsham, and which won the Xational Kose Society s Silver Medal for best H. P. in the show. <^r^?'',■"^'■^l'"' ","® ^""^ * **"« ^^* P"^®' f*^*- tli»-ee bunches of black Hamburgh, going to Mr. C. Earl. gr.. SummerhUl Tonbndge. but he was beaten for three bunches of any other Wack variety by Mr. W. L.vker, gr. to A. G. Linofield, Esq WorthiDg. who was also Ut for three splendidly finished bunches of Muscat of Alexandria. Mr. J. Snow, Wadhurst Fark Gardens, Sussex, winning in the class for any other white variety. The let prize for six Nectarines and six Peaches went to Mr. C. Harris, gr. to O. A. Smith, Esq., ntimmerwood, East Gnnstead. Mr. C. Earl winning for a collection with some well-tinished fruits. The following classes were open only to those residing within a 6 miles radius of the South-Eastern Railway SUition : Mr. S. Pope won in the chiss for six good stove and greenhouse plants ; Mr. J. Mason had the best collection of four plants ; Mr S. Pope won for six omamentil foliage plants ; and Mr' J. Mason for six table plants. Begonias and zonal Pelargoniums were good, but Fuchsias were not shown well. A Silver Medal presented by Messrs. J. Laino & Sos, Forest Hill, for tv-elve tuberous-rooted Begonias was secured by Mr W. H. Wickens, gr. to J Wheelwright, Esq.. Neville Park, Tunln-idge Wells, who had a nice cuUcction. A collectiun uf Mclun.s from Messrs. Sergeant & Co, Worthing, attnictcd much attention from the visitors. Cala(?iums from Messrs. J. Pebd &l Son, Forest Row ; herbaceous cut Howera from Mr. J. Charlton, and from' Mr. M. Pritchard, Christchurch ; also a quantity of cut Roses fVom Mr. G. W. P.per, Uck&eld, were the chief among non competitive exhibits. NATIONAL BOSE NORTHERN SHOW AT TJLVERSTON. Jltly 15. — In spite of the indifferent season and continued dry weather, there were a few good blooms at this show. Decidedly the brightest of blooms came from Yorkshire, while the best Teas were from Oxfordshire. Neither Mr. R. B. Cant, nor Messrs. F. Cant h Co., from Colchester, were exhibitors. O. G. Orpen, Esq. was also absent. In some of the local classes competition was keen if exhibits were not numerous ; more than one instance occurring where a single point only divided the first and second. NURSERYMEN. Six competed for the Jubilee Trophy and Gold Medal with thirty-six distinct varieties. Messrs. Harkness 4i Sons, Bedale, Yorks, staged very bright and clean flowers, just beating Messrs. A. Dickson it Sons, Newtownarda, Ireland, 2nd, who also had good blooms. The winning thirty-six were Horace Vemet, Franijois Micbelon, Comte Raimbaud, Gustave Piganeau, Dr. Andrj-, Mrs. John Laing, Charles Lefebvre, Mme. E. Verdier, Captain Hayward, Marchioness of Dufferin, Earl of Dufferin. and Etienne Levet in the back row ; Due de Rohan, Marie Rady_ Mar^chnl Niel, Madame Hoste, Duchess of Bedford. Alfred Colomb, John Stuart Mill, U\ Boule d'Or, A. K. Williams, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Fisher Holmes, and Countess of Rosobery in the centre : with Beauty of Waltham, Catherine Mermet, Pierre Notting, Avocat Duvivier, Duke of Wellington, Mme. Hausmann, Caroline Kuster, Prince Arthur, Her Majesty, Duke t-f Edinburgh, Edward Andre, and another in front Messrs. J. Cocker. & Son, Aberdeen, were a close 3rd. Messrs. W. & D. Ckoll, Dundee, Messrs. Mack Ai Son, Yorkshire, and G. Paul ^ in * England. E and S.,' and 83° in the ' Midland Counties,* to 72'' in ' ScotUind, N. and W.' Tho lowest of the minima (which were registered on very irregular dates) varied from 40° in 'Scotland, E.'.tnd* Ire- land, S.,' and 42" in 'Scotland, N.,' to 50° in * England. S.,' and 53° in tho * Channel Islands.' *' The rainfall greatly exceeded the mean over Ireland, the east and west of Scotland, and in tho north-west of England, and slightly exceeded it in ' England, N. K.' In ' Scotland, N.,' and the other English districts, there was a deficit, the total fall in ' England, 8.' and the ' Channel Islands' being very shght. On the 7th a storm of hail of unusual severity was experienced in the neighbourhood of Cirencester. "The bright fiinw/ti'jt* was deficient in almost all the western and northern districts, but exceeded the mean over all the more eastern, central, and south eastern parts of England. The percentage of the possible duration ranged from til in * England, S. and E.,' and from 47 in the • Channel lelaade, to between, 24 and 29 io Ireland, aad to between 23 and 26 in Bt-otland." COVENT GARDEN, JULY 16. [We cannot accept any responsibility for the subjoined reports. They are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesDieu, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It mu'^t be remembered that these quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and the demand ; and they may fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. Ed.] Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices. g. d. s. er tally ; Turnips, Is. 6rf. to 2s. 6cl per dozen bunches ; Beeti'oot, 6d. to Srf. per dozen ; Parsley, Is, to Is. Qd. doz. bun. Spring Onions, 2s. to 4s. do. ; Salad, Is. 6t/. to 2s. per punnet ; frame Cucumbers, Is. Zd. to 3s. 6d. per dozen ; Broad Beans, Is. 6d..to2s. per bag; do.,Sc;irlet,4s. to5s. 6d. per bushel ; Green Peas, Is. 9d. to 3s. per sieve, 3s. to 6s. per bag ; Strawberries. Is. 3(i. to 3s. 6(£. per peck; Gooseberries, 2s. to 3s. 3J. per half-sieve ; Raspberries, 16s, to ISs. per cwt ; do., 2s. Oti. to 4s. per dozen punnets ; Ciu'rants, black, Gs. to 6s. Qd. per half-sieve; do., red, 43. to 4s. 6rf. do. ; Chemes, 4s. to 4s. 75(i. do. ; Tomatos, Guernsey, At. to os. per dozen lb. ; do., English, 5s. to 6s. do. ; Carrots, bunched, 9tt to 2s. ^d. per dozen bunches ; Mangolds, 20s. to 25s. per ton ; Onions, Egyptian, 70s. to 90s. per ton ; Apples, English, 3s. 6ti. to 6s. per bushel ; do., Tasmanian, 7s. to 10s. per Ciise. Farringdon : Jidy 16. — Quotations : — Peas, 2s. per bushel; Broad Beans, 2s. do. ; Scai-let Runners, 2«. per half bushel; Marrows, Is. Qd. per dozen ; Carrots, 3s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 'la. Hd. do. ; Lettuce, 2s. s. do. ; Black, 7s. ^od. do. ; Strawbemes, 4s. per dozen punnets; Gooseberries, ripe, 3«. \)qv half-bushel; do., green, ;>«. Oif. do, ; Grapes, Jersey, Is, per pound. SKEDS. London : Jubj 15. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Pond. 'Borough, London, S.E., report a moderate inquiry fur Trifolmm ; English samples come good and cheap. New Rape seed and Rye ave now showing. Sowing Mustard realises former terms. New Winter Tares are inquired for. The trade for Peas and Haricots is feiture- less. New Canary seed for forward deUvery Ik distinctly firmer; spot parcels, however, show no material improve- ment. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Borough: Jubi U.—Quotitions: — Cabbages, Is. 6rf. to 3s. per tally ; Spinach, Is. 9rf. to 2s. 3(/. per bushel ; Cauli- flowers, Is. 6-ru8 Virginiana var. ; 3, Piuus Lambertiaua ; 4, Abies brachyphylla ; 5, Pseudotsugii, Douglasi, glauea ; 6, Picea excels* var. Claubrassiliaua. — P. J. Campanula ciespitosa, alias C. puniila, alias C. pusilia. — IK J. P. 1, Taxodium dis- tichum ; 2, Digitalis lutea ; 3, Hcmerocallis f ulva, double. — S. W. H. 1, Achillea ptai'mica ; 2, Nepeta violacea ; 3, Sidalcea malvseflora; -1, Origanum vulgare ; 5, Armeria maritima ; 6, Sedum oppositi- folium ; 7, Arabis albida probably, but there are no flowers. — /. S. Two varieties of Uucidium luridum guttatum. — 11. H. LaiUa crispa, often erroneously called Cattleya crispa in gardens. — ^y. if. J. Youx's is a verv good example of what is called Laelia purpurata Brysiana. — S. JV. Why ask the Publisher about such matters.' 1, Hoff- mannia (Campylobotrjs) regalis ; 2, Fittouia argy- roneura ; 3, Cheilanthen leudigera ; 4, Lysimachia thyrsiflora ; 5, Folemonium cceruleuui ; 6, Flowers all fallen — an Aconite (poisonous). — W. T., Leiea'tir. Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair tree), and Euphorbia Lathy ris (Caper Spurge). — J. C, Aberdeen. The seeds sent are those of the new African Cypress, Widdrim>tonia Whytei, of which mention has fre- quently been made in the Gardeners' Ckroniele. Greenhouse treatment will be required. — C. W. D. Broraus mollis. — J. Moore. May lie Hoya globulosa, but without leaves, we cannot be certain. — F. B. The specimens are too scrappy for identification. — J. A. Stanhopea oburnea. — L. L. 1, Campanula garganica ; 2, Kondeletia odorata ; 3, Galega offi- cinalis var. alba; 4, AdiantumPacotti;5, Oncidium ; 6, Asparagus teuuissimus. Spuno : Oilo Armhrceht. We are unacquainted with the preparation, and cannot, therefore, answer your question. Violas, and single-flowekeu Pinks : /. /•'. De- sirable vai'ieties. Vnder tbe Sanction of the Fermanent Nitrate Committee. TO GAKDENEBS (Amateur and Professional). COMPETITORS at HORTICULTURAL SHOWS, and OFHEKS. NITRATE OF SODA, the indispensable nitrof^enous fertiliser, may now be had of Seedsmen in Town or Country. Warranted of standard purity. Price in tins, containing 4 lb., with full directions for use, ONE SHILLING. BBESON'S MANUKE, SHEFFIELD— For Vines, Plants, and Vegetables. Sold with a Guaranteed Analysis. Has stood the test of the principal growers for over 20 years, and is admitted to be the Best for all Horticultural Purposes. In boxes. It. and 2j. M. ; bags, 50 lb., it. ; 1 cwt., 15*. May be obtained through any Seedsman; or, direct (bags only), carriage paid, and liberal discount for cash with trial order, from W. H. BEESON, SHEFFIELD. Pure Crashed Bones, all sixes, and other Fertilisers at market prices. THOMSON'S VINE AND PUNr MANURE. The very best for all purposes. The result of many years' experience. Largely used both at home and abroad. Agent for London : — J. OEOBOE, 14, Bedgiave Boad, Putn. y, 8.W. Agent for Channel Islands : — J. H. PARSONS, Market Plsce, Guernsey. Sole Makers:— WM. THOMSON ASn SONS, Ltu., Tweed Vineyara, Clovenfords, N.B- Price Lists and TestlmonlaU on application. Analysis sent with orders of J-cwt. and upwarde. SOLD BY ALL S E B D S M E A'. H U CH ES' VAPOUR ROLL FU Ml GATOR FOR GREENBOOSES. One is sufficient for 1300 cubic feet. REDUCED PRICES— 9s. per dozen ; refills for three tins '.'l. per p.ieket. THE BEST and CHEAPEST IN THE MARKET. E. O. HUGHES. Victoria Street, MANCHESTER. SOLD BY ALL HKEDHMBN. CoMjiCNlCATlONa Releived — T. T. (next week). — D. M. (next week) — D. C. inext week*.— C. L. S. (next week) — H T - M. C. C— W. C. L-— T. W. T D. 51«P.— A. P.— O. W._ R. a— 4l. D.--J. A— U. D.—D. T. F.-E. W. F.— T. B— F. W. S.— K. Milaer J. McI. BENTLEY'S PRIZE MEDAL WEED DESTROYER. PRICES ON APPLICATION. Chemical Works, BARROw-oN-HniiBEB, Hdll. FOWLER'S LAWN SAND.— For destroying Daisies and other Weeds on Lawns, &c.. at the same time acting as a fertiliser, and improviag the growth and colour of the grass. Price iu tins, is., 2s. 6d,, and 55. ; kegs, is. 6d., Us., and 30i. Sold by all Seedsmen. OOBBT A»D CO., Ltd., London, B.C. KILL-M-RIGHT Certain cure for Blight* and all Insect Pests, without injury to plants. Once tried, always used. Sample Tin, 2 lb . free by Post, on receipt of P.O. for 2s. \0d. Price List and testimonials od application. The STOTT FERTILISER & INSECTICIDE CO., Babton House, Manchester. GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 2 ounces to the gallon of lujft water ; 4 to 16 ouncee ae a wisterdreusiug for Vines and Orchard-houHe trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as ^n emulsion whea paraffin ia used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, U., 3i., and lOt. %d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes. 6.s. HEATING ! HEATING!! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPABATTJS for OB.BENHOTTSES, OFFICES, PXTBLIO BUIIjDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of EOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, includlDg the Patent HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS; CAST-IRON SADDLE, witu WATERWAY-END, &c. ; VENTILATING GEAR AND VALVES. AWARDED THE ONLY COLD MEDAL t^e INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 1892. for HOT-WATER APPLIANCES. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, 1«. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. _^_^^__^^^^^_^^^^^_^^^^^ Telegraphic Address—" HOT-WATBR. London." Telephone No 4763. 755, OLD KENT ROAD, LONDON, S.E. W. COOPER, Ltd.,", 1000 Houses In Stock to Select from. Works cover s acres. ORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, The Original Ikventors of Cheap Greenhouses, KoRSERiES— HANWORTH and FELTHAM. THE Labsest Steam Hortioultobal Works in the World. Inspection Invited FOR EVERT READER OF THIS PAPER. We beg to Inform all readers of this Paper that we Bha)l have much pleasure In forwarding to every person one of our REVISED PRICE LISTS, conslstlag of 400 pages and about 1200 Illustrations, bound In cloth, pest-free, on receipt of Six Stamps, published at is. Small LUt fiee on application. W. COOPER, LTD., MUST BE SOLD. GENUINE BARGAIN. PERFECTLY NEW. 5 CUCUMBER or TOMATO-HOUSES, each 100 feet loDg, 12 feet wide, 7 feet 6 in. to ridge, :\ ftet to eavep. Can be built in cue block, or separately. Made of good sound, well seasoned materials. Frame- work of Ends, 3^ X 2; Ridges, 4x1^; Bars, 3 in.; Ventilators, 7 in.; Glass, 2i oz. Painted one coat. All carefully packed on rail. These were made to order for a Customer who can- uot now erect tliem, owing to eome dispute with his liindlord. Usual price, £150. As the room is retiuired at once, will accept the low mm of £100 to immediate purchaser. Address, MARKST HOUSES, care of WILLIAM COOPER, 756, Old Kent Road. London, S.E. HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, 755, OLD KENT ROAD LONDON, S.E. July 18, 1896.] THE GARDENEB8' GHBONICLE. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH CONSERVATORIES, FERNERIES, VINERIES, PLANT-HOUSES, &c. Surveys made in any part of the Countiy. LaJies and Gentlemen Waited Upon. NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION. •^LONDONq; trade mark. CLAYS ■vrjADE MARK. MANURES Are oold by the Trade in 6(1. and Is. Packets, and SEALED BAQS-? lb., 2b. 64. ; 14 lb., 40. 6(1.; 28 lb., 7b 60. ; 561b., 12s. ea.; 113 lb., 208. Or from the Manufacturers, carriaf;d paid in the United Kingdom for cash with order (except id. packets). 1LT>^rTlT7l (EVERY PACKET, BAG, and SEAL BEARS THE BESPEOTIVE TRADE MARK, WHICH IS A^^ A *-^( THE ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. Crushed Bones, Peruvian Quano, Sulphate of Ammonia, Nitrate of Soda, Nitrate of Potash, Sulphate of Potash, Kainit Superphosphate of Lime, *o. Tobacco Cloth and Paper. Best Qualities only. Prices on application. ' ^^I A^^ JP, Q^^M Manure Manufacturers, Bone Crushers, 4c. ^^^^» ' O^ OV-/l>lj TEMPLE MILL LA.NE, STBATFOBD, LONDON, E. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDEBS and HOT-WATEB ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. vineries, Sioves, Greenhouses, Peacb Honses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot bo eqoalled. We onlv do one nliuui of work, and that THE VKRT BEST. ' '"" Conserratorles and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of anyone ont of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with reaUy reliable Boilers, erected, and succew guaranteed in aU cases. Uelon Frames, Sashes, Hot Bed Boxes, &c., always in Stock. Plant, Eitimatei, and Catalofuet Fret. Customtn waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE 0 H A B G B S. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS, HEATHMAN'S PATENT TELESCOPIC LADDERS, STEPS, and TRESTLES, are sent carrisge paid, and ILIUSTHITED PRICE IlsTS Post Frte HEATHMAN & CO., Endell St., London, W.C. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE I.S .MO.-^T DURABLE. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DUR.ABLK. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS Must DUIi.VHLE. PUfCi: LISTS POST-FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endell Street, LONDON, W. C. HEATHMAN'S LIFT & FORCE PUMPS Are Best, Cheapest, ami Most Durable. HEATHMAN'S CESSPOOL PUMPS \n r.irtal.lu, Kx^y-Wi.rkiiif;, -md Towirful HEATHMAN'S GARDEN ENGINES. CATALOGUES POST ■ FREE, frm, HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endell Street, LONDON, W. C. GLASSl GLASS! CHEAP GLASSI 4th8, 16 oz., in SO-feet boxes. Sites from 10x8 up to 14x10, at is. id. per boi. 4th8. 21 oz., in 100-feet boxes. Size., 10X8 and 12x8, at 8». per box. ;jrdB. 21 oz., in 200-feet boxes. Sizes. 9 X 7 up to 14 X 10, at 18j. per box. Ex wharf, London. All other sizes equally cheap. Full detailed list of stock sizes sent free on applioation to THH CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, GisHOPsaiTE Street Withik. London, K.C. CROMPTONT FAMES, CHELMSFORD. CONSERVATORIES. GREENHOUSES, FOBOING-HOUSES, PITS, FRAMES, &c. a M W n o 09 Elaborately ■ niuttrated Catalogue Post Free. CROMPTON & FAWKES, CHELMSFORD. 82 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 18, 1890. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S EXAMINATIONS IN GARDENING. " Coaching " by Correspondence arranged for in- tending Candidates unaconstomed to write papers. Fees moderate, to suit Practical Gardeners. COL VILE BROWNE, F.R.H.S., Hextable, Kent. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. a. Bradbbook. recently acting as Foreman in Lockington Hall Gardens, Derby, as Head Gardener to Captain Sal- TREN WiLLETT, Gaddesby Hall, Leicester. Mr. H. WooDGATE, formerly Gardener to Col. Harvey, S.and- hurst, Berks, as Gardener to Thomas Pink, Esq., Thornton House, Clapham Park, 8.W. Mr. G. CoTTERELL, formerly Giirdener at Warren Lodge, Wokingham, Berks, as Head Gardener to the Suffragan Bishop of Southampton, Shirbuni Hall, Durham. Mr. T. Barker, Late Foreman at Melton Park Gardens, Doncaster, as Gardener to Mrs. Grange, The Cedars, Laceby, near Grimsby. Mr. W. James, as Gardener to Horace Drotimond De»ne, Esq., The Grange Gardens, Dymock, Glaucester.shire. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Jno. IjAING & S0N9, Forest Hill, London, S.E —(1), Haray Perennials, Alpine and Border Plants, Florists' Flowers, &c. ; (2), Tuberous-rooted Begonias. J. M. TuoBBURN & Co., 15, John Street, New York, U.S.A. — Amei-icau Tree and 8hrub Seeds, &:c. GREENHOUSES, CUCUMBER -FRAMES, SASHES, GABDEN-LIGHTS, And all kinds of HORTICULTURAL WOOD-WORK and SUNDRIES. Also WREATH, CROSS, and FLOWER-BOXES of every descriptiOD. Special Line in QARDEN-HOSe. Portable and other PO ULTRY-HOUSES. Write for Prices to — EDWARD TAILBY, Ai,eza7(dra Sawing, Planing, and Moulding Mills, SUUMEK ROV, BIRUINiHAM. BEETLES, RATS MICE IVIQLES. pr«f.!?lS0N-s Reliable R^T PO^'- G ■ W. Hahrison. 22. Cnoae ST RcAoiNC.'.^o^a. Kindly address repliee, B. Dept. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE PUBLISHER'S NOTICES. QAKDKirBBS' OhBONIOLX TKLBaEAMS. — Tht Begistered Addresi for Foreign and Inlaetd Telegrams is " Qardchron, London." ADVEBTISEMENTS. SCALE OP CHARGES fob ADVERTISINQ HJSAD Liys cbakoeh as two. 4 Lines .. £0 3 0 16 Linea ..£0 8 6 8 ,, .. 0 3 6 16 If ..0 9 0 6 „ .. 0 4 0 17 It ..0 9 6 7 .. 0 4 6 18 .. 0 10 0 8 „ .. 0 6 0 19 ,j .. 0 10 6 0 ,. .. 0 5 6 20 .. 0 11 0 10 „ .. 0 6 0 21 If .. 0 11 6 11 » .. 0 6 6 22 .. 0 12 0 12 „ .. 0 7 0 23 II .. 0 12 6 18 „ .. 0 7 6 24 .. 0 13 0 14 „ .. 0 8 0 25 11 .. 0 13 6 iXD BIZPEHOE JOB ETBBT ADDITIOHAI. LUTE. If set aoroas two Colomns, the loweat oharge will be 30f . If set aoross three Oolomns the loweat aharKe will be 30j. Page. £8 : Halt Page. £4 10<.: Oolamn. C3. GaRDBITBRS AND OTHERS WANTINa SlTTJATIONS. 26 words, including na/me and address, 1«. M., and 6d. for every additional line {about nine words) or part of a line. These Advertise- ments must be prepaid. This scale does not apply to annoumcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. PnbUBhlng OOoo and Offlos for AdTertiaements, 41, Whllinston Stbbbt, Stbuid, W.C. WANTED in a Market Nursery for Growing Fruit. &c., under Glass, WOKKIN& PARTNERSHIP, or MANAGEMENT, with riew to same, by one with thorough practical and theoretical training. —.K. K, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. J LEE, Gopsall Gardens, desires to THANK • ALL APPi-ICANTS. The VACANCY IS NOW FILLED. SEED TRADE.— A Firm of Wholesale Seed Merchants REQUIRE a Gentleman with connection among Nurserymen and Market Gardeners, as RESIDENT AGENT, in either Leicester. Nottingham, or Derby, upon salary and commission. — Apply, in coniidence, stating age, experience, and district covered, to H. S., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, for the Tea Gardens in Sylhet, India, a well-educated SCOTCH GARDENER, from 24 to 26 years of age, who fas had a good training in Outaide- work. Capable in the Management of Men. An abstainer preferred. Five years' engagement; 2nd cla«s passage paid out. Salary commencing at 2000 rupees the first year, rising to 2.50O rupees the last year, with house accommodation, &c. This term is considered an apprenticeship, after ihat time his services becime more valuable, and are paid accordingly. — Apply, enclo-iing copies of testimonials, giving a detailed outline of gardening career; state height and chest measure- ment, to A. T , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W C. ANTED, HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER, about 35 years of age, without family pre- ferred. Wife to attend Lodge gates. Wages 26s. a week, with Lodge. Must be a thoroughly competent man, with good references. Gardens, about five acres, plenty of Glass, and four men kept. Apply by letter only, stating age, experience, and last employment, to— Mr. EVEBtED, Oatlands, Horley, Surrey. ANTED, a GARDENER, single or married, but without family, for South Africa. Must have a knowledge of Cows. Poultry, &c.. and be prepared to do anything ; and bis wife would be engaged as Cook, if com- petent. Good wages to reliable, competent, and useful persons. —Apply by letter to G. HEYS, Esq , care of P. Henwood. Son, & Soutter, Moorgate Court, Moorgate Street, London, E.C. ANTED, in Autumn, an EXPERT in FRUIT TBRES and ROSES. Must thorougtily under- stand Budding, Grafting, and Training in all forms ; a d also the Successful Management of Young Fruiting Trees. Only energetic experts need apply. Replies, in first instance, stating age and full particulars of experience, salary, &c. . to POME. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, for the Hardy Florists' Flower and Herbaceous Department, a well-educated, ener- getic, and painstaking young MAN, to work and train directly under principal, for ultimate Foremanship. Capital op-ning for one thorough in all he does, and willing and anxious to become a thorough tradesman. Three or four years' previous Nursery experience indispensable. —Apply, stating ag« and full particulars, to CALEDONIAN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, in November, a GROWER and PROPAGATOR, experienced in General Stock under Glass, Forcing for Cut Flowers, &c. Only thorough Plants- men, whose work in present situation will bear inspection, need apply. Permanent and comfortable situation to an expert and energetic man.— State age, experience, and salary expected, to BOTHWELL. Oardnttri Chnmieh Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, for South Africa, a young IVLAN who has been actively engaged in General Nursery, where he has had actual experience in Growing and Making-up Flowers, Budding, Grafting, Sto. Total abstainer preferred. Wages, £7 per month, rise to £8. — Full particulars to H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley. WANTED, FOREMAN for General Glass Nursery. Must be a thoroughly competent man and a good Propagator of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. State age, experience, and wage required. — PENNELL and SONS, Lincoln. ANTED, as ROSE BUDDER, a good quick hand, also to Assist at Managing of Nursery.— Apply, stating experience and wages expected, to DAVID MONT- GOMERY. Kenmure Nurseries. Mount Vernon, 01a«gow. WANTED, for the Houses, a smart active young Mao, about 24 years of age. Mu^t understand his work and bear a good character.— Apply, J. FULTON, Glenstal Gardens, Limerick. WANTED, young MAN for Greenhouses, Fem-growiog. and General Collection. Must be able to give good references. Wages 2ls. ; rise if suitable. — CUNNINGHAM, FRASER, ASD CO., Queensferry Street, Edinburgh. WANTED, in a small Nursery, experienced and energetic young MAN, well up in Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs, and able to Propagate extensively. With some knowledge of the trade preferred. State age and wage". — Z., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, experienced energetic young MAN as FOREMAN in the Houses. Abstainer. Wages, 18j. per week, and bothy.— G., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, AT ONCE, a smart young MAN, as .TOURNKYMAN, with a good knowledge of Vines, Cucumbers, Tomatos, under Foreman. Wages, 14s. per week, with bothy, milk, and vegetables.— Apply, stating full par- ticulars, to A. W. METCALFE, Burghley Gardens, Stamford, WANTED.— Good MARKET HAND ; quick at Potting and Tying. Wages 20s, a week. Apply X., 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, strong active YOUTH, as IM- PROVER —Wages 12s. per week, no bothy.— Apply, A. BR0"KER. Newlands, Sittingbonrne. ANIED, GROUND MAN.— Married ; well Tip in Root growing. Permanency. One who can milk preferred State wages required.— R. J, G-., 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED a good ALL-ROUND MAN for Out-door Department; middle aged man preferred. —Apply to CHARLES KYLANCE, Bold Lane Nuraery, Aughton, Ormskirk, near Liverpool. WANTED, an active, intelligent young MAN. for the Houses, who takes an interest, and has a good knowledge of his work; must be well recommended. Not under 24 years of age. Wages, 185. per week, with bothy. &c —Apply to T. WEAVER, The Garden, Pabley Hall, Basinestoke. WANTED, a young MAN (20 to 23), for Retail Seed and Bulb Trade.— Apply, giving full par- ticnlars, to M. GRAY and CO., 138, Qieen Street, Glasgow. Bulb, Seed, and Plant Trade. WANTED, INVOICE CLERK.— Must be good writer. Salary 25s. per week. — 4pt)ly by letter, stating experience, «tc., BARK and SO->lS (private), 12, King Street, Oovent Garden, London, W.C. ANTE]), a COACHMAN, single or married, but without family, for South Africa. Must have a knowledge of Cows, Poultry, and Dogs, and be prepared to do anything. The wife would be engaged as Cook, if com- petent. Good wages to reliable, competent, and useful persons. —Apply by letter to G. HEYS. Esq., care of P. Henwood, Son, &. Soutter, Moorgate Court, Moorgate Street, London, E.C. ANTED, HEAD SHOPMAN, for an old- established Retail Nursery and Seed Business in the West of Scotland.— Must be a man of experience, who can take charge of the Seed Department, and travel when re- quired. To a person capable of extending the business every encouragement and a liberal salary will be given. — Address applications to SEEDSMAN, care of Peter Lawson & Sofl, Limited. Edinburgh. Bulb, Seed, and Plant Trade. WANTED, A&SISTaNT SHOPMAN, with eipcience. Salnry 2bs. per week, and bonus on sales. — Apply by letter, with full particulars, to BARR and &ONS (private). 14, King Street, Covent Garden, London, W .C, ANTED, an ASSISTANT.— One used to Book-keeping preferred, and with a good knowledge of General Retail Seed and Ploral Busine*^s,— State wages to LAXTON BROTHERS. Bedford. WANT PLACES. TO GARDENERS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. Advertisers arc catdioiied against having Letters addressed to initials at I'ost-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Balliffa. Forestera, &c. DTCKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest Tesp6cta,hiUty, a.ad thoroughli/ practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on applicauon. Telegraphic and Postal Address— "DIOKSONS, Chesteb." F SANDER AND CO. can recommend several • highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNOSR GARDEN liRS, of excellent character and proved ability; men thoroughly 6tted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albms. HOMAS BUTCHER oan reoommend several HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS of tirst-rate character and proved ability. Gentlemen seeking such may have par- ticulars free.— Apply to THOMAS BUT JHER, Seed Merchant and Nurseryman, Croydon. CKINNS, late Head Gardenkb to Lord • Mount-Stephen, Brocket Hall, is now open for an engagement. Highent reference. — C. KINNS, The Bridge House, Temsford, Hatfield, G^ ARDENER (Head).— H. Nunn oifers his y services to any Gentleman requiring a sober indus- trious, and competent Man in all branches of Gardening. ExL-ellent Grower of Fruits, Flowers, Orchids, &c. Recom- mended.—88, Beulah Road, Thornton Heath. ARDENER (Head). — Age 40, married; oonversant with every department of Gardening life. Thorough practical experience in Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, &o. Can be thoroughly recommended by present aud previous employers.— G. NEWTON, 189, Cornwall Road, Hotting Hill, London, W. July 18, 1896.] THE GA JiDENE R S' CHRONICLE. 83 GARDENER (Head). -- .T. Cornford, gardener to Powell Cotton. Esq., Quex Park, Birch- iDgtOD, Kent, can, with confioeDce, recommeDd his lat« Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiriofj a thoroughly energetic and efficient man in all branches ; four years at Quex. GARDENER (Head Working, where three ur more are kt-pt).— Age 35, married, no family ; thoroughly ♦•xperifnctd m all brdochea. Abstainer. GOud character. — B. H,, 87. Waldeck Sreet, Reading. ARDEKER (Head Working); age 29.— Mr. MoODy. South Lodge, Horph&m, busnei, will be pleased to reLomoo»'nd William Holden to any Lady or Gentleman requirirg a good all-round man. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28; thoroughly experienced in all departments, including Orchids. Excellent references from large gardens. —W., The LiDdens Cottages, Beddington Lane, Croydoa. GARDENER (Head Working); age 35, married, no family — A Gentleman wishes to highly recommend his late Gardener. Practical experience in all branches.— W. PaYNF, Chestnut Road, Horley. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married; thoroughly practical ; early and late Vines. Peaches, Melons, Tomatos, 'Strawberries, Stove and Greet houae Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardea. Three and a half years in last place.— A. S., BoUo Road. Hextable, Kent. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or moreare kept. — Wm. Garman, Manager. Frythesden Gardens. Great Berkhamsted, highly recommends his Fore- man, CHARLES Howard, age 30, married, one child, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a practical Gar- dener. Two years in present place. Experienced in all branches. ARDENER (Head Working).— Practioal, energetic, and reliable Man, with high references, for either private or Market Growing of all classesi of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. High moral character. — E. N., QroBvenor House, Western Road, Mitcham, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working, or »Singlk- handbd).— Good all round. Inside and Out. Land and Stock. Wife Laundry or Dairy if required. Good character. —GARDENER, Roslin, Fairfield Road, Grove Park. Lee, S.E. GARDENER (Head Working) age 3.3. — A. Brooker, Newlands, Sittingbuurne, would be pleased to meet with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good all-round man, Lite-experience in tirst-clasa Gardens. Highest reference3. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27 ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Three years Fore- man in present situation. — J. SABGEKT, The Fishery, Maidenhead, Berka. GARDENER (Head or good SEC0ND).~-Age 25 ; ten years' experience ; Inside and Out. Good characters. Country preferred.— W. EDWARDS, 63, Marriott Road, ToUington Park, HoUoway. GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise). — Married ; good practical experience in the Manage- ment of Glass, Kitchen and Flower Gardens.— GARDENER, Hanslope, Stoney Stratford. GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise). — Age 24, single; total abstainer. Willing. Two years' good character.— A. C, 1, Madras Cottage, Chelmsford Boad, Southgate. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given; Inside and Out.- Age ;^3; eight years' exper- ence.— E. W., 4, Morton Villas. Enfield Highway, Middlesex. GARDENER. — A Nobleman obliged to give up his country place is anxious to get a situation for his Gardener. Will give him firat-rate character aa Gardener and also for sobriety, hard-working, and strict honesty. — Address, HALLGTT, 4, Tadema Road, Chelsea. GARDENER seeks situation. — Good all-round man; useful; not object to Horse and Trap. Abstainer. Good character. — A. B. C, 174, Sandringham Road. Dalston. GARDENER. — A Florist, German, single, with twelve years' experience, in England two, America four, and Germany six, desires Commercial or Private Place. Haa been student of a Horticultural College, and is competent in Pot Plant-, Palms, Ferns, Orchids. Cut Flowers, Decorations, and General Gardening. — H. GERNET, 60, Ifield Road, London, S.W. GARDENER seeks a situation in Private or Nursery.- Age 29; well up in Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. — G. B., 12, Gordon Villas, Broad Lane, Hampton. GARDENER (Second), in a good establish- ment. Age 26 ; two years' character from present situation.- C. DDNN, The West Lodge, Everaley Park, Winchmore Hill, London, N. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN (First).— Agfl 2?, single ; three years' good charaoter. Disengaged.— 0. MAXWELL, St. Ippol;ts, near Hitchin. Herts. GARDENER (Second). — Age 26 ; good Fruit and Plant Grower. House Decoration, &c. Good references ; eleven and a half years' experience. — F. JAY, Wincombe Lodge, Shaftesbury. GARDENER (Second, or otherwise), — Age 21 ; seven years' experience in all branches. Ex- cellent references. — A. COE, Cley-by-8ea, Holt, R.S.O., Norfolk. GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). — Age 20; four years* experience. Good references. Abstainer. Couotry preferred.— FRED BE4RD, 13, Fulbrook Road. Junction Road. Upper HoUoway, London, N. GARDENER (Under).— A Gentleman wishes to recommend a Youth (age 19) ae above. Four years' reference.— S. JOHNSON, Fulsbaw View. Wilmslow. GARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 22 ; good characters. Disengaged. -C. HUNT. 76. Church street. Chelsea. S W. GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; good re- ference. Total abstainer ; experienced both Inside and Out.— J, LINES. 109. Durham Road.Tollington Park, London, N. GARDENER (Under), by a young Man, age 19; some knowledge Inside aod Out; good character ; suburbs preferred.— J. G., 18. Eden Road, West Norwood, Surrey. To Wholesale Growers for DlarKit. MANAOEK, in a first-class up-to-date Estab- lishment, to grow extensivtily for M-trket, Cut Flowers, including Bulbs. Rose«, Catntition-, Lilies. Chrypamhemums, Orchids. Fruit. Tomatos, Palms, Ferns, Foliage Fluiits. and the genenl requirements of a Ma'k«t Nnrspry. Good trade connection. First-class referen- es. — M4LMAIS0N, care of Mr. W. Goddard, 37, Catherine Street, Strand. W.C. GROWER (or Second).— Age 25: under- stands Stove and Greenhouse Plants, also Peaches. Grapes, &c. ; nine years' experience ; aeeks situation aa above. Good reference.— HAYDEN, Qualmesbury Cottage, Shanklin. I.W. ROPAGATOR and GROWER, or manager of Branch Establishment.- Advertiser, age 30. pushing and energetic, desires provincial re-engagement. Well-up in Tomato^, Cucuml»era, Bulba, Lily of Valley, Double Primulas, Cyclamen, Mienonette. and general collection of Stove and Greenhouse. Pot and Cut Stuff.— ENERGY. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. PROPAGATOR and GROWER. Soft-woods, Ferns, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and general Market-stuff, Age 'JQ. Good references from leading Growers. Total abstainer. — U. RUSSELL, Queen's Road, Crowborough, Sussex. RUPAGATOH and GROWER. — Age 27; thirteen years' practical experience in leading nurseries. Well np in Soft-wooded Plants, hoses, Budding and Grafting, &c.— J. A. 36. Tetcott Road, Chelsea, S.W. PROPAGATOR (General) and FOREMAN (Working). SALESMAN if required. — Thirty years' practical experience in Rhododendrons, Coniferfe, Clematis, Roses, and all kinds of Trees and Shrubs, &c.— T. C, Rose Cottages, Ottershaw, Chert«ey. MARKET NURSERY FOREMAN, or MANAGER of Branch Establiebment.- Advertiser. desiring a change, wishes for situation as above. Well up in Propagating. Growing, Fern Raising, and Cut Flowers. Inside and Out. Exceptional hand in all branches of Floral Work. Thoroughly eoergetic and used to Management of Men. Several years in present situation. Age 29, married. Midland countiespreferred.— TUBEROSE, 41, Wellington Street, strand. FOREMAN (General), age 26.— J. Copson, Gardener, Collingtree Grange, Northampton, can recom- mend Alfred Bestir as above. My right-hand Man during years of eucceosful exhibiting of Platts, Fruit, and Vegetables. Expert Chrysanthemum Grower, Dresser, and Stager. Been with me seven and a half years. Apply aa above. RUIT FARMING.— Advertiser, life eipe- rience in Growing Fmit for London Markets, wishes to meet Gentlemnn with capital, with view to starting above. — Reply, PROi^IT. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. JOURNEYMAN, Inside preferred, under good Head.— Age 21 ; three years in last situation. — T. REYNOLDS, Caynham Cottage, Ludlow. Salop. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out, in Private Establishment or Market Nursery.— Age 21 ; good character,— F. LEPPARD, Fir Tree Nursery. Slinfold. near Horsham. JOURNEYMAN (Fibst), Inside.— Age 24; two and a half years in present situation, five years previously. Well recommended. — O. LAWRENCE, The QardeDS, Maiden Erlegh, Beading, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19; four aod a half years' experience. Good character. Bothy preferred.— F. TOWNSRND. The Gardens, Sandhurst Lodge, Well. College Station, Berks. JOURNEYMAN (Inside, or Inside and Out).— Age 31 ; two aod a half yea's ' in present situation. Ex- cellent reference.— a. KASTAFF, The Gardens, Benishaw Hall, near Chesterfield. JOURNEYMAN (Inside). — Age 10; five yearh* experience. Good references. Disengaged. — H. HOPKINS, White Waltham, ntar Maidenhead. Berks. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 30 ; with or without bothy. Five years* good ex- perience. OixHl references. — A. WATERS, Downs Hotel Nurseries, Keymer, Hassocks, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN (UNDBR),in a good Establish- ment, for Indoors and Out ; age 19.— I shall be pleased to recommend J. BotlLSTON, as above, to any Gardener. — D. MoLBNEGHAN, Longworth Gardens. Hereford. JOURNEYMAN (First), Inside under Fore- man.- Age 24 ; five years and a half in last situation, three years pr*-T>0U8.— G-, W i.TdON', Southbarough Park, Sur- biton. Kingsronou-Thames, Surrey. j OURNEYMaN,— J\Ir. CoATES, Darnhall Hall f # Gardens, Winsford, Cheshire, would be pleased to recom- mend a young man, age 22, as above. Six years' experience. JOURNEYMAN (First), Inside. — Young man, age 23. seeks situation as above ; nine years' ex- perience in Qeneral Inside Work. Abstainer. Good references. — £. PANNELL, Kempscote, Shanklin. URSERYMAN'S SON (age 26), requires good situation; well up in Wreath, Bouquet, &c., making ; good knowledge of Seed and Bulb trade. Herbaceous and general Nursery stock. Good book-keepT and writer also well used to the counter.— Letters. X. Y. Z.,41, Welling" ton Street W.C. TO CURATORS AND OTHERS.— Situation in Butanical and Horticultural Garden-. A young Bdaa of nine years* experience (five under gla-s) in good private places wishes to IfloPROVK, Science and Art department. Elementary, Boiany, Agriculture. &■!.. aod 2od class Ho ti- culcural Oeriific-ites Good reference to past and present places.— PROG kKSS, 41, Wellington 3treet.;Strand. W.C. APPRENTICE.— To place a young Man as an Apprentice in a good Gardening Establisbment. — Apply with terms to J. FAIRWEATHER, Havistock, Kelve- don Common. Brentwood. TMPROVER ; age 19", — G. Gubney, Maes- -i- gwynne. Whitland. Carmarthenshire, would be pleased to recommend a persevering young man, as above. Over three years' experience. IMPROVER (age 19), seeks sitoation Inside, or Inside and Out. in Nursery or Private Establishment. Bothy preferred.— A. W,, 1. South Weald, Brentwood. Essex. IMPROVER, in a Nursery, or Gentleman's Garden.— Age 17. Strong, active, and willing. Good character.— Apply, statiog wages given, to SAVAGE AND SON, PlashetNur^-ery, East Ham. IMPROVER. — A Gentleman can recommend a Youth, age 18|. as above. Bothy preferred.— U. R , Grass Lanea, Guildford. No circulars. IMPROVER (Inside).— Age 22. Good character. Good experience. Private establishment. Bothy preferred.— A. PERRY, Pine Grove, Fleet, Hants. GARDEN LABOURER wants situation.— Age 27.— AddrcBS H. S., care of Mr. Halldon, 13, Alfred Street, Darlaaton, Staffs. TO MARKET GARDENERS.— Re-engage- ment wanted as SALESMAN or MANAGER, Life ex- perience. Good refereoces.- F., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO NURSERYMEN, &o.— A young man (age 20). seeks situation in Nursery or Garden, Understands Pottine. Tying, and Watering. Tall and strong. Good refer- ences.— F. ROLCKE. care of Mrs. Corbett, London Road, Waltham Cross, Herts. TO NURSERYMEN.— Young Man seeks situa- tion Inside. Seven years* experience in Cut Flowers, Plant?, and various Fruits.— J. P., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. PAINTER and PAPER-HANGER (good), wants permanency on Gentleman's Estate. Single- handed preferred. Good references. — PAINTER, care of 10. Russell Street, Long ICaton, Derby. HEAD SHOPMAN.— Situation wanted by energetic Man ; over sixteen years' experience in all branches. Highest character and testimonials Can invest capital.— Apply SEEDS. 41, Wellington Street Strand, W C. SHOPMAN, with fourteen years' good expe- rience in all branches of the Seed Trade, wishes engage- ment with good House. Would travel if necessary. — Age '^Q, single, and active. First-class references. Disengaged when suited.— L. M.. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. TO FLORISTS.— Young Lady requires situa- tion in high-class Florist's as JUNIOR ASSISTANT. Good Saleswoman.— S., 22K, Tufnell Park Road, Higbgate. FIRST HAND, in good establishment.— Young Lady seeks re-engagement as above. Can be well recommended. — A, PERRIK, Messrs. Perkins & Sons, 15 and Id, N. Western Arcade. Birmingbam. TO FLORISTS, &o.— A young Lady seeks re- engtgement in Florist and Fruiterer's Competent in making Wreaths, Bouquets. Sprays &o. Good Saleswoman. Four years* references.- A. J., Skirhick Road Nursery, Boston. TO FLORISTS.— A young Lady seeks situa- tion in a good Florist's as SECOND HAND. City expe- rience, and knowledge of Bcx)k-keeping. State wages. London preferred.— E. HOPTROFF, Langton Green, Tunbridge Wells, 84 THE GABDENEBS' CHBOl^ICLE. [Jdlt 18, 1896! BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. MACKENZIE & MONCUR, Limited, HOTHOUSE BUILDERS & HEATING ENGINEERS. LONDON OFFICE— 8, Camden Eoad, N.W. EDINBURGH— Upper Grove Place. GLASGOW— 43, Victoria Road. IMPERISHABLE TEAK-WOOD HOUSES A SPECIALTY. PAVILIONS, SUMMER-HOUSES, and all other kinds of WOODEN BUILDINGS. Hr^ A ^ I lyi ^ PTTBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSION HOUSES, CHUKCHES, SCHOOLS, Ac, ^L AA I 11^ Wl> Heated and Ventilated in tlie most efficient manner. \J /^ ^y rp T /^ T T T T* T T I^ A T O T T T T T\ T KT /^ C °f every description erected, either in Wood rkXjtX k kXjKJLU k KJLXrLL^ £>0 1 l^i^i iM VjO or Iron, in any part of the Kingdom. AUONG THE CONTRACTS ENTRUSTED TO For HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN— Palm House, Rose Hoase, &o., at Windsor Castle Gardens. „ H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES — Range of Fruit-houses, 300 feet long, at Sandringham ; Teak. „ LORD I VEAGH— Extensive Range of 27 Fruit and Plant Houses, in Teak-wood, and Range of Offices, at Elveden Hall, Norfolk. Large Winter Garden, in Granite & Iron, at Sefton Public Park, Liverpool. US DURING 1895 WERE THE FOLLOWING :— For LORD OVERTOUN— Extensive Range of 20 Fruit and Plant Houses, and Ranges of Offices, at Overtoun, Dumbarton. Renewal of Range of 22 Plant Houses, in Teak-wood, at Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Range of Vineries, in Teak-wood, at Linton Park, Maidstone, Kent. Range of Hot-houses, in Teak-wood, at St. Marnocks, Malahide, Dublin. Range of Hothouses at Waterpark, Castle Connel, Ireland. W. WOOD k SON'S PRIZE MANURE, LE FRDITIER. *' General Horsley will feel obliged if Messrs. Wood & Son will send him the same quantity of LE 7RUITIER as last ordered. HE NEVER MET WITH SUCH A SPLENDID MANURE FOR EVERY- THING." Horsley Manor, near Nailsworth, Jane 17, 1896. 33 SILVER & BRONZE MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES OF MERIT AWARDED TO W. WOOD & SON (LIMITED). " Kindly send me 6 cwt. of LE FRUITIER as early as possible. I should like to say how my fruit trees inside are doing, SINCE I HAVE USED LE FRUITIER. The PEACHES, NECTA- RINES, MELONS, & especially MUSCATS are admired by every one who sees them." Signed, G. J. SdUIBBS, Gardener. Llangedwyn Gardens, Oswestry, Salop, July 1, 1896. The above are samples of the unsolicited Testimonials which are constantly reaching us from all parts. Price, 198. per cwt. ; IDs. per \ cwt, ; 28. Cd. per 7 lb. ; or in Is. Canisters. 300,000 BAMBOO CANES, in Black and White, of all sizes. FOR FRUIT PACKING, WOOD & SON'S celebrated continental WOOD-WOOLI Send for Sample, For particulars of all other HOETICULTUEAL SPECIALITIES send for Fifth Edition of WOOD & SON'S HORTICULTUEAL COMPENDIUM. ■^r* NO GARDENER SHOULD BE WITHOUT IT. Address :—W. WOOD & SON, Ltd, North British Wharf, Wood Green, N. Established 1860. Tblkosams :— " WOOD, WOOD GREEN." Editorial communications should be addressed to the "Editor;" Advertisement) and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Offloe. 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. BBiDBUBY, Aonew. & Co. (Limited) Lombird Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. Oity of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Eahbt aiLI.xlu> COTK, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Satukdav, July 18, 1896. Agent for Manchester— JOHN Heywood. m. 500.— Vol. "VV f Thibd I '*-^' t Series, f SATUEDAY, JULY 25, 1896. [Kogt. as a Newspaper. \ ' R'CE 3(1« I PnsT-KKEE, 3|(J. CONTENTS. Ashford GarJons, Aider- Po-ars, early,. 104 ley Edge 9.'. Pelargonium, diseased .. 02 Bonk notice— Plants, new ornotcworthj — Monogi-aphiie Pbaiie- Cattleya X super- rogaraarmn 1110 Forlwsi 00 Bromeliads 100 Propagation, methods of ;«; Buds and grafts of fi-uit Rabbit, the, and the trees 103 gardener 04 Carnations at Nowst'ad Rhus Cotinus 104 Abbey 103 Roses at the Ulvcrst'in Cucumber, a i)rolifie ... 104 Show 101 Drying fruits 102 Roses, the Hybrid ToiX... 00 Examinations in borti. Scientitic Committee of culture, the 104 the Royal Ilort. See... lOc) Fin&bury Park 01 .Seed trade, the 04 Flax and Hemp culture St. Louis Botanical in England 103 Garden lOfi Florists' tlowcrs 02 Societies — Food of crops S)8 Altrincham and Bow- Forestry- don 107 Larch disease, the ... »S Beckenham Horticul- Newly-planted trees... »a tural 108 France, notes from va Devon and Exeter Gar- Gaillftrdiaaristatagrandi- deners' 100 flora 07 National Carnation and Glasnevin Botanical Gar- l*icotee Ids dens so National Chrysanthe- Gloxineas at Swansea ... 104 mum 101 Grape, Golden Champion 104 Royal Scottish Arbori- Hints to Emigrants 103 cultural 104 I lorticultvire round Ant- Surrey FloricuUural... 107 werp 01 Tibshelt Horticultural 107 KattirCorn-Houi-?and cul- Yorkshire Naturalists' tivation of Mealie 00 Club 103 Law Note- St,arch in Potatos 102 Marshall Bros. V. Chas. Sti-awlwrry, Veitch's Johnatouo 101) Perfection 103 Linnfous, a memorLil of 102 Strawberry Vicomtesse Nepenthes 105 H. duThury lO-l New invention — Strawberries, new- 10,'. A Garden Pump 100 Week's work, the — Nureory notes- Flower garden, the ... Oo Douglas, Mr. J. 100 Fruits under gUiss ... PS Ljxiug, Jno. & Sons ... mo Kitchen g:u-den, the ... OS Orchid notes and glean- Orchid houses, the ... OR ings tf4 Plants under glass .. 99 20,000 ILLUSTRATIONS. Portr.ait of Mr. F. W. Moore, Curator of the Botanical Gardens, Glasnevin 101 Views in the Boiauicil Gardens at Glasnevin, Dublin ... 03, 06, 07, 100, 103, Ul£. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of _ the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imjierative that all Copy for Advertisements' sho'uld be received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY- MORNINO at the latest. StrawberrleB. ROYAL SOVEREIGN. — Fine plants ia pote, 14s. per IQO; £6 per 1000. Quantities of all the best other kibds. All warranted true. Send for OArALOaUK. H. CANNELL akd SONS. Swanley. Table Plants. DRACAENAS, CROTONS, ARALIAS, C0C03, GEONOMAS, &c. Handsome Plants for Table Decoration. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. CALCEOLARIA. — Gahaw AT & Co. offer Seed of the Unest Herbaofous Calceolaria (Rapley's} — see Gardening papers— at Ij., Is. Qd., and 2s. 6d. per packet. OABAWATf AND CO.. Clifton, Bristol. GRAPE VINES in grand condition for present planting. FIG TREES in pot-. WILL TAYLER. Hampton, Middlesei. MUSHROOM SPAWN, 2s. per bushel (16 cakes). With instructions for use. Established 1835. ELFHICK AND ALLEN, 29, Beaconsfield Road, Willegden. THE BEST CABBAGE FOR AUTUMN SOWING.— SUTTON'S FLOWER OF SPRING. SUTTON'S FLOWER OF SPRING CAB- BAQE.— The finest varitty in ouIMvatiOD for tprtog use. Of compact habit, liavinf; few outer leaveH, Hrm heads of excellent quality. Mr. .Tamk-* Baker, Gardener to Col, Thompson, eays :— '* Flower of SprioK Cabbage was a grand crop, not one bolted ; everyooe who siw them was surpriacii.*' Price of seed 1*. per ounce, post free. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM UTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, READING. s LARGE PALMS & DECORATIVE PLANTS. Immense Stock. All sizes up to 20 feet for Sale or Hire. Inspectioa Invited. Prices on Applioatioo. B. S. WILLIAMS AND SON. Victoria and Paradise Nnr- Mries^ Upper HoUoway. London. N. C ANNAS. — Garaway & Co. offer strong plants of the above (Crozy's be»t named varieties), at Vs. and 123. per dozen; their own detection. These are equally useful for outdoor and conservutory decoration. GARAWAY AND CO.. Ctiftoo. Bristol. CARNATIONS. —James Douglas begs to announce that his CATALOGUE for Autumn. 180i. and Spring, 1897, is now ready. It contains descriptions of the New Border and New Malmaitton Carnations, with Cultural Directions. SEEDLING CARNATIONS, beat strains, 2s. lid. per do/en ; S5i. per 100. Catulo^ue post-free. Edenside, Great Bookham, Surrey. Sow Now. for Earl7 f loweriDg In Spring. ROEMER'8 SUPEKli PRIZE TANSIES. The Finest Strain of Pansif s in the World. Introducer and Grower of all the Leading Novelties. CATALOOUE fiee on application. FRED. ROEM£B, Seed Oroner, QuedlioburK, Qerminy. '.The Nurserymen. Market Garaeners, and General HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION, limited.— Offices, 1 * 2. Kioff Street. Corent Garden, W.C. Chairman, HARRY J. VEITCH. Manager and Secretary. ALEX. JAMES MONRO. DICKSONS FIRST and BEST CABBAGE.— An excellent variety for Autumn Sowing. Perpkt.,6d. ; per oz., \s. Qd. " Dicksons First & Bkst Cabbage has done remarkably well with me. I had several weiRbiftg up to 15 Jb. each, all grown without any extra forcing. Several atraogers who saw them said they had never seen such fine garden Cibbages.'— Mr. D. Hurbell DICKSONS. Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. ORCHIDS — ORCHIDS — ORCHIDS. — Ca^ogyne cristata, Dendrobium nobile, Cypripedium insigne, La'Iia ancep9. L. albida, L. antumnalis, L. msjali?, OdontoglO'Sum Ro^sii meju?, all guaranteed thoroughly estab- lished, healthy and vigorous, 35. «ach, 8 for 21s., 12 for 30». Packing and carriage paid for cash with order. Send for Special Monthly LIST. J. HUH ?RT OROGAN and CO., Railway Nuisariep, Worthing. ERANIUM and PELARGONIUM CUTTINGS —Best Market sorts to name, from Pot Plant?, well ripened stuff ; 405. per 1000. Also Stools of same, 8s. per 100 ; cash. MORLE AND CO., Conservatories, Finchley Road, N.W. ZONAL GERANIUMS, best named, will fiower all the autumn, very easy to grow, great variety in colour. Twelve really good named, distinct, strong plants, in 5-inch pots, 8s. per dozen, cash with order. — GARAWAY AND CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, IJristoL TERIS CRISTATA from stores ; good stuff, lit for immediate potting, 2s. Qd. per 100, 22s. per 1000.— PTERIS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To tlie Trade. COOPER, TABER, and CO., Limited, have Posted their WHOLESALE BULB CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If not received, another eopy will be sent on applieation.— 90, South wark Street, London, S.E. tJARR'S AUTUMN FLOWERS, ,-*-^ . f 'ant during July or August to flower this Autumn. JIarr s beautiful and rare snecies of Crocus, Meadow Saffrons White Lily of the West Wind. Yellow Lily of the Field, &c. Descriptive LliT on application. BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, London. ORCHIDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immense stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices An incpeclion invited. Illustrated Catalogue post free. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. OW is the TIME to PLANT (iAILLAR- DIAiS, Pyrethrums, and otber Hardy Herbaceous Peren- -Citalogueof KSLWAY anh SON, Largport, Somerier. N nialfi. [/-ENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.— -IV STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture OBORGE BUNYARD & Co.. The Boyal Nurseries, Maidstone, beg to intimate that their New Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be had post-free on applieation. The largest and beet stock in the Trade. OX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled; obtained highest award lor Begonias exclusively at the Temple Show. iCxbibition, June till Sep- tember, at West Wickham Nursery, near Station, Mid Kent S.E.R. A visit solicited.— JOHN B. BOX, Croydon. RIMULASI PRIMULAS! PRIMULAS! 26th year of Distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, Is. Qd. per dozen ; 10«. per 100 CINERARIAS, same price; also, PRIMULA OBCONICA, 2s. 6d. per dozen ; DOUBLE WHITE PRIMUL4S. 6d. each, JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. VATT'S EARLY OFFENHAM CABBAGE SEED. The finest early Cabbage in culti- vation. Per packet, \s. ; per lb., 6j. C. MYATT, Harvingtoo, Evesham. YCLAMEN SEED should be sown now. We have still a few more ounces than we require for our own sowing. Price on api lication. HUGH LOW A.\D CO.. Bush Hill Nurseiy. Middlesex. c BEGONIAS of the newest and most superb type, including many rare varieties. Double and Single, for Conservatory or Bedding. See B. R. Davis' Descriptive CATALOGUE, free. A handsome coloured plate of Six Double Varieties and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for Is. B. R. DAVIS. Y'eovil Nurseries, Y'eovil, Somerset. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike; most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, 5s. R. AND G. CUTHBERT. Seed, Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgate, N. EsUblished 1797. Hyacinths, tulips. Crocus, Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to— Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, ib, Savage Gardens Crutched Friars, E.C. N.B.— Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. THE "LONDON" TOBACCO JUICE.— Duty free. Will bear diluting with from four to eight parts of water. In Bottles : Pints, Is. ; (|uart8, Is. 9d. ; half- gallon, 2s. Qd. ; {gallon, 4s. ; or in oashs cf 10 gallons and up- wards at 2s. €d. per gallon. Sold by all Seedsmen. Sole Makers : CORBY & CO. (Ltd.), LONDON, E.C. ORTICULTURAL MANURE. — Chiefly composed of Blood and Bones. The best fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, If. & 2s. Qd. ; also in air-tight bags, ( cwt., 6*. ; 1 cwt., 10s. Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag ; I cwt. and above sent carriage paid. Cash with order.— C. BEESON, Bone Mills. St. Neot's, Hunts. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept., War Dept., Boyal Bort. Soc., Boyal Botanic Soc., Parks and Public Buildings, Patentees of the Duplex UpnghtTubular Boilers^ King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. Telegraph Address, "Hortulan us. London. "Telephone, No.tl728 86 THE GAJRDENEFS' CHFONIGLE. [July 25, 1896. SALES BY AUCTION . Thursday Next. VALUABLE IMPOBTED ORCHIDS. MR. J. G. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Booms. dS, KiDg Street, Covent Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT. July 30. at half-past 12 o'clock precissly, by order of Mr. J. W. Moore :- Dendrobium Jamesianum Farmerii DevoDlanum crasainode Hildebrandti JenkiDt cheap, the LEASE & STOCK of a MARKET NURSERY. Large pleasant House. Acre of Garden, high walls ; 600 ft. run of modern Glass, well stocked with growing crops of Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and thousands of plants in pots. All in splendid condition and full profit,— Letters to HORTUS, care of Mr. G. Neale, 3, Broadway, South wick, Sussex. URSERY, S.E.— Well situated; splendid House; Five large Greenhouses, well fitted with Healing Apparatus, Freehold £830, or Leasehold £630. BROWN, 33, Weymouth Street, Watford. SMALL NURSERY TO LET, or SELL. Seven Greenhouses, &c.. Six-roomed Cottage. Old-estab- liehed Business, large Stock and Goodwill, only £100. Genuine affair. Rent moderate, on Lease. WILSON, 149, Markhouse Road, Walthamstow. War Oepartment Lands.- Gosport. LETTING, No. 318.— TO BE LET by Tender (tithe free), from Michaelmas next, the very productive MARKET GARDEN and NURSERY, known as SPRING GARDENS, well stocked with Fruit Trees, comprising 7a. Ir. 17p.. or thereabouts, with good House and Outbuildings, at present in the occupation of the Executors of the late Col. Mumby, J.P. To be viewed only by order from the War Department Land Agents. Forms of Tender, with Conditions of Letting, may be ob- tained of C. I). SMITH AND HALL, War Department Land Agents, Fareham, Hante, up to August 8, 1896, inclusive. F. MASOALL, Colonel, Commanding Royal Engineers, July 18, 1896. Southern District. By Private Treaty. OFFERS are' INVITED for the Old-estab- lished Business of W. B. ROWE and COMPANY, Ltd., of Worcester, consisting of NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. The Nursery is well stocked with Fruit Trees, Shrubs. Roses, and General Nursery Stock, all in excellent condition, and covers an area of about 23 acres. There are eight large Green- houses, Pits. Sheds. &c. ; a good House and Foreman's Cottage. There is a compact Seed Business in connection with the Nursery, capableof further extension by attentive and judicious management. Favourable Lease. For conditions and particulars apply to W. BIRCH, 49, Foregate Street, Worcester. Offers will be received up to 10 o'clock, Friday morning, tjotn are invaiuanie ui ^uryaautifctuuiu vnutvoi.. A«g«»t !?«=■• The highestorany Tender will not necessarily | h. J. JONES, Byecroft Nursery, Lowisham, To Nurserymen and Florists commencing Business. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam, the favourite neighbourhood for Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on easy system of Purchase, or to be LET on Lease. For full particulars, apply to Mr. FRBDK. G. HUGHES (Surveyor), the Estate Office, Hampton-on-Thamea. TO LET, G E NTLEMAN'S HOUSE, Middlesex, under one hour from City, G. W. R., standing in 2j acres; 300 Apple, Pear, and Plum trees, 60O Currants, Raspberries. 20 Vines, Hot and Cold Greenhouses, Fernery, Ornamental Shrubs, Tennis Lawn, 2 Fowl-runs, 2-Btalled Stable, Coach-house. Rent, £70. The fruit has made £80 each year the last three years ; expenses of gardener and sale of fruit, £30. No trouble to dispose of crop ; picked, fetched, and sold. — Address A. P., Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. DONTOGLOSSUM LONDESBOROUGH- lANUM, O. MADRENSE, L.ELIA PEDUNCULARIS. and L. DAYANA. All hne imported plants, in grand condition, 2s. 6d., Ss. 6d., 6$., and 7s. Qd. each. W. L. LEWIS AND CO., Southgate, London, N. SPECIMEN GREENHOUSE TREES and PLANTS. —Noblemen or Gentlemen having in their pos- session Large Trees or Plants that have out-grown their avail- able apace, and which they would be willing to present to the New Public Winter Garden, lately completed at Sefcon Park, Liverpool, about to be handed over as a gift to the Lord Mayor and Corporation of that city, are requested to communicate with Mr. H. HERBERT, Superintendent of Parks and Gardens. at Liverpool, who is authorised to defray all expenses attend- ing the removal of any accepted plants. The Plants moat desired are the following :— Palms, 15 to 20 feet high ; Tree Ferns, with good stems ; Bamboos, Acaciae, Araucaria excelsa. Rhododendrons, Eucalyptus, Yuccas, kc. As the building is 70 feet high, and big in proportion, and has been built by Meayrs. Mackenzie & Moncur, of Edin- burgh, with every modern improvement, a happy home will be secured for any Trees or Plants presented as above. Address, Mr. HENRY HERBERT, Superintendent's Lodge, Sefton Park, Liverpool. Now Is the Time to Sow HUMEA ELEGANS. — Germination guaranteed. English saved Seed, per ]>kt.. Is. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London. N. ALM SEEDS. — PLANT NO W.— Just arrived, Kentiaa, Coryphas, Phoenix. Cocos, Sea- forthias, and others. 100 in variety, to name, free, 2s. 6d. ; 600 for IOj. Price to the Trade on application. MORLE AND CO., Conservatories, Finchley Road, N.W. ERNS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS I— (TRADE):— Feme, in 2^-inch pots. Stove and Green- house, 30 best selling sorts, 12i. 100 ; ditto, large, in 48*8, 10 best selling sorts. Qi. doz. ; strong seedlings, 6s. lOO. 50s. 1000 ; Adi- antum cuneatum, in 48's, for cutting, 6s. and 8s. doz. ; ditto, for making large plants quickly, Itis. and 20*. 100; Cyperus, Aralias, Grevilieas, Rhodanthe. Geraniums, Fuchsias, and Heliotropes, in 48'8,6s. per doz. ; Marguerites. Mignonette, and Cockscombs, in 48'9, 8s. per doz. ; Ficus, Palms, Draceenas, Crotona, Pelargoniums, and Hydrangeas, in bloom, in 48*8. 12f. doz.; Lists free. Packed free. Cash with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughborough Junction, London, S.W. CHRYSANTHEMUM GUIDE AND CHRYSANTHEMUM ALBUMS. I have a few of these valuable worts left, and will send a copy of each, post-free, 2s., or separately. The Guide, 8 stamps, the Album. 18 stunps. Both are invaluable to Chrysanthemum Growers. Jolt 2r., 1896.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHBONIGLE. 87 SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP— Thousands to select from. Write tor LIST. tree. P.McARTHUR,The London Nursery, 4,Maida Vale.London.W. H ROSES for Sale. — Souvenor de Ami, Safrano, and Catherine Mermet. Strong Stu£f in 32-pot8. Fit for potting on for Winter Forcing. S. CHILDS, Days Lane Nursery, New Eltham, Kent. OR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Pancras. ENKY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, Coveot Garden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash. PRIMULAS.— We have on offer a few hundreds of giganteum btraia left, leady for 48-pots, grand stuff. \s. per l'LY TO — S. A. VAN K0NIJNENBX7IIG ft CO., NOORDWIJK, HOLLAND. ORCHIDS - ORCHIDS. Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDBOBES A SPECIALTY. Please Write for List. JAMES CYPHER/-^cS'^T''E"N^f„'.^^' WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE. THE EARLIEST AND BEST. 6d. and IB, per packet, IB, 6d. per ounce. From Mr. G. H. BALL, Comer Oardms. " 1 herewith forward you a photograph of your valuable Cabbage— the Emperor. I lind it is the earliest, largest, and most compact variety I ever grew." p^^ ounce. EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 8d. ENFIELD MARKET do. 6d. EARLY RAINHAM do. 8d. RED DUTCH ... do. 9d. ONION. P« P*t. Pe' O"""-* WEBBS' BED GLOBE TRIPOLI ... 6d. Ifl. 6d. LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... lOd. GIANT Rl>CCA 6d. ... lOd. WHITE LISBON 6d. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Bail. Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. VIUNQO CHAPMAN, late of Easter Dud- LtI. dinf^ton Lodge, Mid-Lothian, be^ to intimate 1o his friends and acquaintances that he retirei from his present situation on the 20th of the present month. He has arranged to reside at St. Ninians, near Stirling, where he intends to oommence the Cultivation and Sale of Hardy Plants on his own account. With the experience gained daring twenty-four years in the? management of one of the most rhoice private collect'ons of plants to be found in the British Isles— that of the late Charles Jenner, Esq —Mr. Chapman can confidently undi-rtake to supply what is select and true to name of the most suitable plants for Borders and Bock-'vork. He hopes to be able soon to issue a Plant Catalogue, fiom which customers m«y make their own selection. In the interval, he will be fully employed ia getting up Stock. May ID, 169"?. BETABDED LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS!! Writ« for Prices to— T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DERSINGHAM, NORFOLK. NEW CHRYSANTHEIVIUIVI MAXIMUM VAR. MARGUERITA MARWOOD. A beautiful variety, surpassing all others of thia class. It grows about 2 feet high, and the snowy-white flowers are larger, of greater substance, and being beautifully reflexed, they are more graceful than any of the other vars. of these popular Herbaceous Plants. Jwiidti a Firtt-class Certificate the cnly time eihihited. Strong Plants in pots. Is. 6^. each ; 155, per dozen. Carriage and Packing free. Sample Blooma sent on paymeut of Postag*". KENT and BRYDON, DARLINGTON. FERNS SPECIALITY. We have an immense stock of all kinds of Ferns, Stove, Green- house, Filmy, Hardy Exotic, and British, including many very beautiful varieties rarely seen, but which ought to be more generally grown. Catalogue free on application. W. &J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., FERN NUSSERIES, SALE, near MANCHESTER. THE SATURDAY, JULY 25, 1896. THE BOTANICAL GARDENS, GLASNEVIN, CO. DUBLIN. A BOTANICAL garden established for over -^-*- a century in a genial climate, and well planted and kept all that time, may very naturally bo looked upon as a most interesting place to plant-lovers any day throughout the year. Personally, I may say that I never visit the place without gaining an insight into some cultural secret, or meeting with some phase of horticultural biologj', or with some rare or beautiful species 1 never saw before. Spring, summer, autumn, and winter, there is ever hero — as indeed in all good gardens — something to see and to admire. The only difficulty at Glas- nevin is to decide where to begin, or, in other words, what to admire, for the place is 40 acres or so in extent, and the indoor and outdoor departments are many, and richly stored. The main features are fresh green grassy glades and fine trees and shrubs, the river Tolka winding along the lower side of the arboretum and gardens beneath some noble old Willows, just now very beautiful and leafy in the hot sunshine, but attractive even in winter also, as their golden twigs stand out rich and mellow against a blue-grey sky. The old Yew-tree walk (fig. 18, p. 97), which tradition dedicates to Addison, forms a cool and shady retreat on a hot Juno day, or you may wander down by the water and seethe rosj% pink, yellow, and white Water I^ilies nestling among the reeds, or see the Japan Iris and Sairacenias, Spirreas, and Orchids, together with Primula Poissoni a yard high or more in the bog garden. The rock garden (fig. 22, p. 105) is fresh and bright, and the cool verdure of the haidy Fernery perfect ; and the herbaceous borders are gay with bright colours, gay with Poppies and Del- phininums, and a host of other summer flowers. A very fine specimen of the Asafoetida (Ferula Narthex) has recently flowered, and its great umbellate stalks are now bearing a very heavy crop of apparently good and plump seeds. In all its phases this is a robust and effective plant, and well worth culture for its distinct part and stature. I saw several fine plants of this rare Umbollifcr a year or two ago, and the effect of its bold glaucous foliage was most eSective in proximity to groups of the great scarlet Oriental Poppies then in bloom. One marked feature at Glasneviu is the culture of rare hardy and half-hardj- plants in narrow borders alongside the extensive plant- houses. Here is Jaborosa integrifolia, dense of eafage, and thick- set with its pure white flowers. The old Tupa Feuillei makes a mass yards across, throwing up its red S])ires of bloom. In another warm recess are all the hardy Crinums, far stronger and more floriferous than one usually sees them indoors ; C. Moorea- uum, and the hybrid C. Powelli and their white-flowered forms, are very free and fiori- 90 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdlt 25, 169a. ferous as so grown, and even whea not in bloom their gigantic leafage renders them conspicuous objects. Several of the rare kinds of Alstroe- meria also grow well on these borders, including the exquisite A. jielegrina alba, and there is a splendid mass or clump of the rare Oalifornian Dicentra chrysantha. Hot as it is, we cannot resist a peep into the Aquatio-houso, gay with Caladia and Achimenes in hanging baskets ; and the exquisite tropical Water Lilies and Nelumbia opening their waxy and fragrant flowers. The giant Victoria regia is always a sight here, flowering, as it does, most luxuriantly amongst its great platter-like leaves. The vivid orange or cinnabar-red Gerbera Jamesoni flowers well on a narrow warm border near this house, and the overflow of warm water from the Victoria tank feeds some open-air receptacles in which the Chinese Water-Chestnut, or Trapa natans, grows and seeds every year. Here also some of Marliac's seedling Nymphteas are very attractive, pro- ducing their soft rose and sulphur flowers. One especially interesting feature at Glas- nevin is the culture of insect-catching plants from all parts of the world. One of the rarest perhaps just at present is Eoridula gorgonias, which is like a shrubby Drosera, with attenuate glandular leaves. Here also are healthy plants of the South American Heliamphora, with elegantly vase-shaped urns, the orifices of which have a glistening, satin-like lining of close-sot, deflected hairs, which in the sunlight imparts to them a very beautiful elfeot. This plant flowered here two years ago. There are Droseras in profusion of many kinds, and the quaint Cephalotus, especially the variety with deeply - coloured pitchers, from King George's Sound ; Sarraceniaa of numerous varieties, many of them being seedlings and hybrids reared at Glasncvin by IMr. Moore, whose special object has been the production of good flowering varieties. In one of the cool plant-houses at Glasneviu there is just now a very strong and handsome plant of Darlingtonia californica. In all there are at least flfty pitchers of all sizes, the tallest being fully 3 feet in height, and beautifully coloured. As you stoop and look up the domes of the great hooded pitchers they look as if filled with stained glass, or jewels glistening in the sun. As thus seen, luxuriant and healthy, there are but few amongst the so-called " Pitoher-plants " so effective and full of interest. The true Pitcher-plants, or Nepenthes, are richly represented, and in one of the cool Orchid-houses there is a probably unique specimen of N. Rajah, the giant species from Mt. Kina Balou, in Northern Borneo. This speci- men is one of the very few now in existence, it having usually proved to be a most intractable plant under hot-housa cultivation [see fig. in Garihiicrs' C'Jironide, 1881, p. 493, vol. xvi.] The Glasnevin plant is just forming a very fine and highly-coloured pitcher, and no doubt the largest over made in European gardens. As scon growing at 8000 to 9000 feet altitude in Borneo, this plant is one of the most remark- able plants in the vegetable world, and Spencer St. John in his Life in the Forests of the Far East, alludes to his followers using its giant urns as water vessels ; while in one enormous pitcher his fellow-traveller, Mr. now Sir Hugh Low, found a drowned rat. Another rare and peculiar pitohor-plant from the Bornean low- lands is also represented here by a fine speci- men, \\7.., Nepenthe.* bicalcarata [see fig. in Gardeners' Clrrimiele, 1880, vol. xiii., p. 201], This plant as found wild, has Vine-like stems, 50 feet long, which scramble up into the 40 or trees or river-side jungle. Its great leathery two-si3urred pitchers dangle about among the moss-grown stems and branches, which are copiously infested with myriads of ants, beetles, and other small fry or insect prey. I noticed here also one of the healthiest plants of N. Veitchii I ever saw, bearing five or six of its great hairy urns. This is also a Bornean plant, with a liking for dead trees, on which it is epiph5'tal, the leaves clasping the trunk so as to assist the roots in holding on to the bark. No doubt the plant gains some advantage by adapting itself to life on dead trunks and branches, rather than on living ones, finding as it docs a liberal supply of insect life in such positions. It seems a'lomalous not to mention the superb and well-grown collection of Orchids, for which Glasnevin is famous, but they must await a paper to themselves. We have, in fact, but little time for the houses on such a hot day, but could not help noticing a glowing mass of the golden Cassia floribunda, and the soft grej' buds swelling on the night- blooming species of Cereus, such as Q. grandi- florus and C. MacLonaldiie. Our all too-short notice of Glasnevin would be incomplete did we not at least mention a few of the shrubs that do so well on its old walls. There is a magnificent example of Fremontia californica, and the Carpenteria, a beautiful first-cousin to the Philadelphus, flowers very freely outside. Then there are all sorts of old- fashioned garden Roses and Puchsias, and a soft grey bush of the Halimodendron argenteum had its branches entwined with soft rose-purple flowers. This is the "Salt-bush" of the Siberian steppes, and is rarely seen in flower in gardens. It belongs to the Loguminosai, and is sometimes grafted upon the Laburnum as a stock, so as to form a weeping standard instead of a prostrate bush. As we await the train from the village on our way to the town, we admired the great Aristo- lochia Sipho on the gate-lodge or offices, and close beside it noted a healthy and strong com- panion in the shape of the new Japanese foliage vine, Vitis Coignetite, from Castlewellan. Now that the tourist so often finds his way to the Emerald Isle, Glasnevin is likely to prove a great attraction to all who, like C!owper, love a garden and a greenhouse too ; and the place is 80 I'ich and well kept that the}' will not only enjoy their visit there, but wish to come again. 7''. W. Jlurlii
  • DEN, ola^nevin, with (SEE p. 89.) ICONNELI. S llnNUMENT. This layer prevents any cracks being formed in heavy soil and evaporation from the surface, and retains anv rain wdiicli falls in thunder showers, which, on hard, dry ground, usudly runs off without doing much good. It is chiefly in young plantations, however, that ilrought gives the forester any anxiety, especially the first summer after planting, and it is n'>t uQcommon to see a few weeks' dry weather in spring kill a large percentage of newly-planted trees. How far the drought alone is responsible for their death, we do not pretend to say in all cises, but assuming that the trees were perfectly healthy when planted, and the roots uninjured by exposure, their death is - usually attributable to one or more of the following causes — late planting, unhealthy condition of the soil, and the presence of a thick matted turf. Late I'lanting is chiefly injurious to coniferous or ever- green plants, but affects all kinds when hot sun and drying winds arrive before the roots are in a proper condition for taking up moisture. Unless moved with a ball of earth, or transplanted with uncommon care and despatch, no transplanted tree returns to its the plants. In such a case, the latter are practically enclosed in a brick-like mass when dry weather sets in, and growth becomes au impossibility. In the third cause of failure —a matted turf— the plants simply die of starvation. This chiefly happens on dry soils wdicn the trees are slit-planted, and where the roots of the turf are in possession of the upper- most layer of soil. The roots of the plants being in or immediately below this turf, the available moisture and plant-food are too small to cairy the trees through the critical stage, and a short spell of dry weather is usually fatal. On such soils it is not uncommon to lind plants die the second summer after planting, shruld this be hot and dry — a clear proof as to the nature of the complaint. On dry, peaty soils, the same thing frequently happens, the only remedy being cither pit-planting, or the removal of the fibrous turf or peat before planting, so that the roots are placC'l in fresh and friable soil. Nothing is better for newly-planted trees than a good tnulch of decaying vegetable matter ; but except when replanting old wnmlland, this is difficult to give in ordinary plantations. A, C. Forbes. cultivation. I have seen the result of plauting Larches in cold wet moorlands, with a hard retentive (almost impervious) subsoil. These plantations became branchy, and productive of cones at an early period of their existence ; were, in short, affected with disease of one kind or another long before they were removed, and during the period of their decline men came regularly to gather seed from them for the nurseries. Now as the law of like begets like in both the animal and vegetable kingdoms, we are bound to believe that, notwithstanding the hardihood of the Larix, its constitution has been degenerated by mis- management, and hencG the want of success in grow- ing this valuable tree all over Scotland, at least during the latter and greater part of this century. Ou referring to what Brown of Arniston, as he is generally called, says on the subject of LarcU diseases, I find he corroborates my conclusions. At pp. 230-81 of the Forester, he says : — " In collecting the seed of the Larch, great care should be taken not to gather it from diseased trees ; nor should it be gathered from trees of a small size, for the very fact of small Larch trees having seed upon them is enough 94 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [JCLT 25, 1896. to point out that they are not of sound constitution. The seed of the Larch, as well as of all other trees, fiiould be gathered from trees of large size, and which are known to be sound. Were this point more attended to, that disease in the Larch termed the rot might in a great measure be in future prevented ; for it is w ell known if the parent be diseased, that the seed of that parent will be in a degree diseased also. Moreover, as the most diseased trees generally bear the greatest quantity of seed, the seed-gatherers who collect it for nurserymen by the bushel will be ready to take it where it is most plentiful, and will pay them best." Again, after descantiug on the rapid growth of the Dunkeld plantations in the latter end of the last century, as well as on the valuable proper- ties of this timber, Mr. Brown goes on to say, that on the advice of the scientists of the day, the Larch was planted extensively in all sorts of soil and situa- tion. According to their opinion, it was one of the hardiest and most easy of culture among our forest trees ; and proprietors, relying too implicitly in thi.s matter upon the soundness of these opinions, planted Larch too indiscriminately upon all kinds of soil, without having due respect to the nature of the tree ; for the Larch, as well as every other tree, is influenced by a natural law which restricts it to a particular state of soil in order to develop itself fully and perfectly, and from neglect of this the disease, now so prevalent in the Larch has originatsd. It is well known that, in many instances, whole plantations of Larch trees have died — I m.ay say almost suddenly." Your correspondent, Mr. Michie, makes a sweep- ing assertion in his letter of the 30th ult, viz. :— "I have with great care dug up trees of difl'erent .ages quite leprous with blister, and found the roots, the neck of the plant, and a portion of the stem joining the root, quite stout and healthy. It is a very common thing to find the trees producing shoots from the lower part of the stem below the blisters, and these shoots afterwardn producing healthy trees, all of which com- bine to prove that it is not any constitutional defect in the tree which causes this blister, nor because it was raised from seed from diseased trees, &c., " which, being a plain contradiction to almost all I have advanced and can prove to be correct on the subject, I must either leave to more experienced men to respond to, or do so myself at some future period. And yet in the same communication Mr. Michie admits " Frost, combined with dampness, is doubtless destructive to the tree, which indicates that cold soils, cold situations, and cold climates should be avoided, and the opposite conditions carefully chosen and adhered to. Excess of moisture is also fatal to the tree, and must likewise be studiously avoided." Now, really after all is this not nearly admitting all I have been contending for? L. CapiUh, 'i2nd Jtrne, 1896. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CATTLEYA LABIATA MENDELI "HER MAJESTY." The varieties of Cattleya Mendeli, which are so splendidly grown in an adapted fruit-house by F. C. Jacomb, Esq., Cheam Park, Cheam, and which we have previously had occision to note, have been even finer than usual this season, and the lofty liouse in which they are grown has been brilliant with their fine flowers for a month past. None that is not con- sidered a good variety is retained, and consequently the species is represented at its best. Bat among the many fine things which have flowered this se.ason, none is comparable to the noble C. Mendeli Iler Majesty, which took the highest award, and was so much admired at the Manchester Royal Botanical Society's Show on May .31, 1895. It seems scarcely posfcible to conceive a more beautiful Cattleya than this is, for it is excellent in every respect. Its finely- formed flowers have white sepals and petals, deli- cately tinted with rose, like the tinting of a pearl. The beautiful labellum is white at the base, witli a chrome-yellow zone, and an indescribably fine violet- tinted crimson front lobe ; delicate rays of white and purple springing from the base of the lip, and extending to the front lobe. Cattleya Gaskelliana alba. The differences between the varieties of Cuttleja labiata are often more marked by their flowering at difl'erent seasons than by any definite variation in the flowers themselves. Such as they are, they are more marked in the albinos than in the forms having normal colours ; so much so, indeed, that had the fine flower I have received recently from D. B. Rappart, Esq., Lisoard, Cheshire, been sent to me a few months later, it would have passed muster as a fine form of the old autumn-flowering labiata. As it is, it requires careful examination to determine that it is not C. Mossiic Wagneri, or C. Mendeli alba. But there is the well-known odour of C. labi,ata Gas- kelliana and the characteristic rounded front to the lip, which there is also no mistaking. The flower is of fine shape, pure white, with a clear yellow tinge from the base to tlie middle of the lip. C. 1 ibiata Gaskelliiua shares with C. 1. autumnalis the reputa- tion of being the easiest Cattleya to grow, and the freest to bloom. /. 0' B. THE SEED TRADE. The Promise of the Seed Harvest in Lincoln- sHinE: Garden Seeds. — A visit to the districts of Lincolnshire, where seed-growing is a staple occupa- tion, has afforded an opportunity for making a kind of forecast of the probable yield of the various crops. Lincolnshire possesses some advantages over the seed- growing portions, say, of Bedfordshire and Essex^ especially those parts of the latter county wliere the soil is lightest — in that the ground is he.ivy and retentive of moisture, therefore crops do not so soon 8u6Fer from drought ; still, most parts of the county have suS'ered in this way, the efl'ects being, of course, more marked in some parts than others. Pens are largely grown for picking green and for seed, and it was readily seen that early, mid-season, and late varieties have suffered from lack of rain from the time of sowing to ripening, and especially is it true of the late varieties whicli have strong and very succulent foliage, and which bloomed during the driest and warmest weather. Very large breadths of this variety were observed in some districts, which promise a short yield of seed. In many instances very few -pods formed, and the plants are infested with mildew, thrip, and all other insect pests whicli attack Peas, making them comparatively worthless in some rases, and doubtful if even the return will equal that which was sown. The yield of the e.irly varieties, although small in quantity, is generally of good quality. The quality of the seed of the late Peas depends upon the character of the wea- ther at the time of harvest, and it will not occasion surprise if after so fine and dry a summer the season of harvest should prove a wet and stormy one. Some of second early varieties, such as Harrison's Glory, which is largely grown in Lincolnshire, podded before the hot weather set in, and the return from these promises to be much better than the others. Broad Beans. — In the case of Broad Beans, the hot weather ruling at the time of flowering caused the flowers to fall, and the yield therefore cannot be a large one. The plants are generally healthy ; the pods short, for the reason above stated ; and the quality promises to be good. Callages.— Oa the other hand, the seed Cabbage- plants have kept clean and healthy, and a good seed- harvest may be anticipated — that is, about the first week in August. Carrots. -The Carrot-plant also sufi'ered much from the drought ; the growth is very dwarf, and the crops by no means promise well, thj dry weather having caused a great deal of waste, many of the plants decaying, and making no yield. The varie- ties chiefly grown for seeds are the Altrincham, James's Scarlet, and the New Red Intermediate. PaM/ci/.— The crops of Parsley standing for seed look fairly well, but like the other plants they are afi'eoted by the drought, being stunted in growth. Bed. — The promise of the seed crop from selected roots is by no means good, it might be termed an in- different one ; .and the yield must be very small. Middleton Park Favourite as one of the best of the dwarf crimson-leaved types ; and the Covent Garden red, a large type suitable for market, are the two principal varieties grown. Railisk. — This is only partially grown for seed in Lincolnshire, and also only occasionally ; what plan- tations there are for seed promise a very short yield, as owing to the dryness of the soil the plants could have made but little gi'owth after being trausplanteil. Turnip. — The choice early garden Turnips, white and yellow, were much blighted, and when threshel out the crop must be a light one. Cress is not much grown, and the crop will be a small one. Mastard. — Very much smaller breadths than usual of Mustard, both white and brown, were sown, owin^ to the prices realised during the last few years proving uiiremunerative, and owing to the extreme drought, and in some districts to the prevalence of the Mustard- beetle; the yield from crops now standing must be limited in quantity, the plant of the brown looking even less promising than that of the white, as tlu beetle devours both leaf and blossom. Kaks and Broceolls show healthy plants, very clean, and promise well for the seed-harvest. Polalos. — Early varieties, which are much grown in Lincolnshire for market . purposes, were dwarf in growth, as a result of the drought, but the hauhn w.is clean and he.althy. It is only off the best hand, where the Potato is well grown, that .anything like a good crop has been realised. The late varietits have suffered much from the drought, and on heavy land.s the yield must be an indifferent one. Spare as the crop comparatively is, the prices at present being realised are low. Should a heavy rain set in, a goo I deal of super- tuberation may be looked for, and if this should happen, it will be at the expense of quantity and quality. Pisimi. THE RABBIT AND THE GARDENER. The Oardeners' Chronicle has often had occasion 1 1 spaak favour.ably of the publications of the United St-ues Department of Agriculture. It may be re- membered that a few weeks ago mentio:) w.is mad i in these columns of a buUetiu on the common cro.v of the United States, which went to prove that th s bird was to be regarded more as the friend of tlie gardene.', the fruit-grower, and the farmer, than aj tlieir enemy. There has just been issued from the Government Printing Office at Washington an interesting an. I instructive report on the " Jack Rabbits " of the United States. Although over here we are not troubled with a plague of rabbits, yet it may not b > uninteresting to English gardeners and fruit growers t3 read something about the damage done to grain, orchards, cropj, &c., in the States by those animals which are known over the Atlantic as " Jack Rabbits." These animals feed almost exclusively on the hav'.i and leaves of shrubs and on herbage. They will e.ifc Buffalo and Grama grass and Cactus, and are fond of vegetables and Alfalfa, and also of tender bark. Everyone knows the disastrous results which followed the introduction of the common Europea'i r.ibbit into Australia some thirty years ago, an I nowhere have the methods of destroying r.abbits an 1 protecting crops bean so carefully investigated as on that continent While the old-world rabbit belou^s t'i an entirely different siiecies from the jack rabbit of the West, and differs from them in habits, sonii of the Australiam methods, it is thought, might be used with advantage in the States, where the damage done to crops by rabbits has been illustrated very forcibly during recent years by the losses sustained by farmers and orchardists in the arid regions of tlio Weat through the depredations of the large native hares, or jack rabbits. The introduction of irriga- Jolt 25, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 95 tion and the cultivation of large tracts of land liavo favoured tlie increase of rabbits in several States by furuishiug a new source of food-supply. To such an extent have their depredations increased, that the extermination of jack rabbits has become a serious question in California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. Dr. Palmer gives a general account of the distribution and habits of the various species of rabbits found in the United States; he shows the methods which have been used to exterminate the animals, and to protect crops from their depreda- tions. Finally, he brings together facts and figurcj cooceruing the economic uses of rabbits in general, for the purpose of indicating how the native species may bo more generally utilised. The fact that the large ears of the jack rabbits resemble those of tho well-known pack animal of the West, ha? suggeste.l the common names of "jackass hares," ''jack rabbits," or "jacks." In some parts of California jack rabbits are called " n.arrowgauge mules " and " small mule?," but these absurd terms are not likely to come into general use. It may be interesting briefly to sum up the contents of the report : — The cost of properly protecting orchards and Vines is often a large item in the expense of setting a new orchard or vineyard. In .Southern California, experience has shown that a fence about 2 feet high affords ample protection, and many orchards arc surrounded by lath fences 2 to 24 feet in height. In other districts, higher fences have had to be Duilt, and barbed wire extensively used. Wliore tlie expense of fencing is too great, young trees have been protected by wrapping the stems with strips of burlap, gunny sacking, or coarse cloth, an inch or two wide. Some orchardists advocite painting the trunks of the trees with mixtures distasteful to rabbits. Whitewashing is .said to prove effective in some cases, particularly if a mixture of glue and copperas be added to the solution. Too much reliance cannot, however, be placed on smearing the trunks of trees. The various species of jack rabbit are all more or less alike in habits, and all feed largely on bark and herbage. When food is easily obtained, and par- ticularly on newly - cultivated land, the rabbits increase r.apidly, ami do great damage to crop?. The black-tailed species are more gregaricuis than the prairie hare, and, as a rule, are more destructive. In Modoc county, in the northern part of the State of Cilifornia, nearly 25,000 jack rabbits were s,aid to have been killed in three months, on a tract of land only 6 by 8 miles in extent ; this being during the period when the county law was in force. On a ranche in the San Joaquin Valley, about 8000 rabbits were killed in nine days. It will be seen that jack r.abbits have a pretty tenacious hold on life when it is stated that Ada County, Idaho, whicli has been systematically killing oft" the jacks for fifteen years under the county system, received more scalps and expended more money for this purpose during 1895 than in any year since the county law first went into eft'ect in 1S78. The best means of protecting crops from the attacks of rabbits, and, in fact, the only method which can be relied on, is the use of rabbit-proof fences. Under favourable circumstances, great numbers of jack rabbits may be killel by drives or large hunts; but this means of destruction will only serve to reduce their number.?, and cannot be used to exterminate the pests. Bounties are of little use, and I the extermination of rabbits can only be accomplished by co-operation on the part of individuals. Com- mercial utilisation is the most promising and least expensive method of keeping these pests in check in localities where they are unusually abundant ; but returns from this source will only partially offset the losses sustained on account of injuries to crops. Jack rabbits may be used for coursing, for their skins, or for food. In America, the rabbit question never has, and probably never will, assume the proportions it has assumed in Australia. The jack rabbits of the United States are all indigenous species, and ordi- narily are held in check by natural enemies and by diaeiase. Although local conditions may sometimes favour their temporary increase, yet natural agencies, aided by the persistent and constantly-increasing war of extermination, are gradually, but none the less surely, dimiuishiug their numbers. Ucrherl C. Fijfe. CHESHIEE NOTES.— I. AsuFORD, Alderley Edge. — Ashford is a fine old residential mansion of Gothic character, with numerous pedimented roofs and black and white enrichments, standing in the midst of a wooded park, and led up to by a fine beechen avenue, entering from the public road between Wilmslow and Alderley Edge. The Beeches are getting up towards their prime, and formed in the month of June, when my visit was made, a splendid leafy arcade, as one moved along from the entrance, in a fine sweeping curve, towards the house. This has been quite a record year all over the country for the profusion of (lowers on all species of " Thorns," and the gaiety of the crimson and pink blended charmingly and nn'St efifectively with the white of the common Hawthorn. Nor did the Horse-Chestnuts lack of crops of blossom, which together about this park made a splendid show, and acted as a florist foil to the gi'cenery of other neigh- bouring trees, of which there is a good assortment at Ashford. The flower-parterre, gay with Rhododen- drons, Azaleas, and such-like June flowering-plants, afforded a welcome enrichment to the lawn, so beauti- fully green in an average year of rainfall, but lacking in verdure now owing to the drought, and in that way lessening the usual intensity of the contrasts of colours. The grounds are well kept ; and the whole place, which was a " bit rough " in former years, has been remodelled and beautified by George Shirlaud Ball, Esq., who has recently bought the property. This gentleman, as some of my readers may be aware, resided at Earl's Court, Bowdon, and foimded a collection of Orchids there, among which were many not.able things. The whole of the Orchids have been transferred to Ashford, and new houses erected suitable, according to the idea of their owner, for their culture. The whole of the wood-work consists of varnished teak ; the whole of the fittings are cither brass or gal- vanised iron, doing away altogether with paint, and they bear on their face, as one examines details, a substan- tiality and neatness, which shows that the Erst cost must have been considerable, but that wear and tear will be practically absent ; and the work done looks as if it would last a lifetime. The stages are also of teak, as are the lattice-work laid on the paths. The brickwork is of that fine ruby -red Ruabon brick, which does not easily alter its colour under exposure to the baleful smoke ; and then the archways to uphold the stone slabs that make a cover for the staging, are after the style of those in the Stand Hall Cattleya-house, from which Mr. Ball says he took his model. They have the advantage of giving olf moisture copiously. There are skeleton stages in all the houses, the stone slabs being covered with charcoal, and then after a 6-inch vacancy stands the teak staging upon which the plants ai'e placed. The necessary work is reduced to a minimum by ample provision of taps aud India- rubber hose, which is made to play not so much upon the plan's as upon the charcoal midway between the stone and the teak staging, and upon the floors them- selves. The piping is ample, aud the boiler-power therefore never put to too severe a test. The shading is of those chip or lath blinds which are fast coming, and very properly too, into general use for Orchid culture particularly, and the whole to an " old hand " looks as if it had been supervised by a skilful hand. There are two cool houses, oue in which plants of Odontoglossum crispuin fill by far the larger part. Each is 27 by 12 feet, with a pathway running up the centre, and the plants are kept well up towards the roof glass. This is always an advantage, as we see here the strong, finelydeveh)ped young growths, aud these in flower of asting quaUty. The white 0. crispum here very fine, and there are some spotted and flushed ones that command attention. There is a great variety, and nothing in the flower way is more generally useful. 0. Pescatorei was in fine form ; as also 0. Andersonianum. Plants of 0. cirrosum and Epidendrum vitellinum were in fine flower. In this house there were remarked plants of Lajlia Dayana, Oncidium macranthum, Cattleya citrina, &c. No. 2 house is a show-house, and its temperature is kept on the cool side, and a little less moist, so as to aftbrd longevity to the flowers. Chief among the novelties in flower were Dendrobium atro-violaceum, a plant after the way of D. Veitchianum in habit, and in flower conspicuous for its blackish-purple rayed lip and green-and-white segments ; Cattleya Mendeli and C. Schrodera; were represented by speci- mens in flower, .as wati 0. vexillarium in several varieties. In this cool climate Zygopetalum Gau- tierii, the boldest-looking and best of the Z. Maxillare section, was growing beautifully in more than one specimen on a Tree-Fern, which w.is also living and sending out fronds. This state of life for an epiphy- tical Orchid may have something to do with the remarkable exuberant state of the Z. Gautieri. The Cattleya-house is 27 feet by 14 feet, and is filled with some of the best forms of Cattleyas. That they have improved in this new house was con- spicuous to one who had seen them in their old quarters at Bowdon. The climate was particularly agreeable — far more pleasant than under the mid-day sun on the day of our visit. Root-action is in the meantime, so to speak, rampant, and the young shoots are developing in proportion. A fine lot of C. labiata, and none rarer or better than C. 1. alba and C. I. Ballx, formerly described in the Oardcncrs Chronicle. Then there was a fine piece of C. Schrodenc alba, a promising plant of C. Gaskelliana alba, also of C. Mo-ssiao alba, several plants of C. Skinneri alba, a valued plant of C. Holfordi, C. Bowringiana, some fine C. Triau:ci, several Ladia tenebrosa, but singular to say, no La;lia purpurata. The Cypripedium-house is also 27 feet by H feet. Tlie collection is very choice, and of the best kinds. We place at the head of the list C. callosum Sandenc, then C. insigne Sanderaj, Lawrenceanum- Hyeanum, a pretty yellowish crest of green, but too stitf and petals incurved — withal a beautiful thing; venustum Measuresianum, said to be a yellow venus- tum, C. X Leeanum giganteura, Ruthschildianum, still the best of that division of the species, grande atratum, and lots of others, all doing well. The Dendrobium-house is a span-roof, lighter than the others, and is constructed for the hanging up of plants, not one above another, but with a clear passage below. The path is 12 feet wide, covered with teak, and what water falls from the plants above gets between the teak openings. This is a capital arrangement. The finer plants are suspended, the commoner herd are placed on stages surrounding the house. Mr. Ball has a very fine assortment of choice Dendrobes, and the collection is very promising. Sume grow in pots, some in teak baskets, and some in open pot- kiskets. The best piece of D. nobile Ballianum we ever saw is here, and it does not show that " mifly " dispo- sition which most of the special variety does. It is evidently a natural hybrid, else there would bj no pinkish frayings about the lip — and to boot, nobile is a free grower. D. Wardianum album is pushing strong growth, and it is of the best variety too. There are others here, but the one in question is a "champion." D. nobile giganteum, Stand Hall var. , stands at the head of the section, always barring nobilius, an improvement, however, on that variety in form, standing flat, ou a plane. D. x Schneidcria- num is in several plants, and it is one of the best hybrids ; it is a pity that .Mr. Holmes, the raiser, cannot reproduce it. D. nobile A mesia! is doing well; also D. X Rocbeliui, the pelorial D. n. Cooksoni, the D. X Cypherx, D. x melanodiscus, D. x Venus, D. Johnsoni — a lovely white form, worthy of getting up into specimen size, and one, too, of the most distinct. There are many others which one finds in all collec- tions. So far as we have seen, most growers can handle Dendrobes, and grow them to please the eye well, but some of our best growers fail at finishing them so as to produce flowers of best quality. Some 96 THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 25, 1896. evidently winter them too cold, aome too hot ; the happy medium would doubtless produce the best results. There are houses in which floweriug plants and Ferns are grown to supply indoor demands. There was a capital show of Grapes in a vinery 30 by 14 feet, in which there is a mixed company of Black Ham- burgh, Muscat of Alexandria, and Alicante ; the canes strong, the leaves large, stiff, and full of vigour, and the bunches show high promise — all growing in an inside border. The question is, will they last ? Melons, Cucumbers, and Tomatos look vigorous and promising. The place is under the management of Mr. Alex- ander Hay, who evidently understands hia work, and does it very well. That he was appreciated by his fellow gardeners residing about Bowdon there ia evidence io a fine barometer that was presented to him, bearing the following inscription, " Presented to Mr. Alexander Hay by the members of the Altrincham Improvement Society, April 8, 1896." /. A. METHODS OF PROPAGATION. (Continued from yi. 23, Juhf 4.) BelitOLass Work — The raising of plants from cuttings is such a simple matter that it is practised with much success by amateurs, professionals, and even the dear old lady, who attributes her good luck to inserting a Barley-corn in the peth (s!c) of her cut- ting to ensure its rooting, and who boasts with par- donable pride that all the plants in her"wiuder," and in her "garding," too, were raised by herself. Doubtless, she will consider any hints from me entirely superfluous. I am addressing other readers, however, and first, we will take what may be called for distinction, "Bell-glas-i" work. The great secret of success in this is cleanline.ss. The pot or pan, the bell-glass, the soil, the crocks, and the sand, must be specially cleansed and prepared, aa well as the cutting. The pot should be a new one, fully porous, but immersed in water a few hours before using it. The bell-glass should be thoroughly washed in soda ley, dried and polished with a leather. The soil mast be mixed according to the kind of plant to be struck, but as a rule peat and loam, with enough sharp Bedford or river-sand to make it porous, is suitable, and some clean dry crocks (potsherds), for drainage, with an admixture of small pieces of charcoal to prevent the mixture souring. The .silver- aand to cover the surface of the soil must be baked before using, this being necessary to kill any spore^ of moss, or Liverwort ( .Vlarcluntia), that may be adhering to the granules. Neglect of this may ruin •all, as in a short time these minute spores will grow, covering the surface of the sand with the interlacing threads of minute mosses, or the clo.se cellular fronds of the Liverworts. The pots .should not be larger than 3'2's, even 48's are preferable, and the bell-glass should just fit inside the rim of the pot. Let VIS now prepare some pots. Place over the hole a curved crock, concave side downward, and then on this some smaller ones, and aliove these a little clean peat fibre, and then add the prepared soil up to within an inch of the pot rim ; press firmly and evenly with the bottom of a pot, and then fill up level with the rim with the baked sand, sprinkling the same with water from a fine-rose pot. Stand each on one side imtil you have a sufficient number ready, and then prepare your cuttings. Being com- ' paratively easy, let us begin with the soft-wooded Heaths (which should be .struck about midsummer), auoh as E. gracilis, hyemalis, caffra, Wilmorcana, regerminans, and persoluta (in variety). Cut off some stout free growth of the current year, and holding it by the base, proceed to trim oS' their small circular leaves with a pair of sharp scissors from the base up to within A inch of the growing point. Cut the cutting with a very sharp knife about IJ inches long, and when you have prepared enough, proceed to dibble them into your propagating-pot. H only a few are required, let them be put in as near the outside of the pot as will allow the bell-glass to be put over without touching them ; be careful to close the soil well round them, and finish up neatly and level, finally putting on the bell-glass. Do not water again, but plunge the pot to within an inch of the rim, and shade by a piece of brown paper laid on the knobs of the bell-glasses. Next morning these glasses will be dull from the moisture condensed on the inner surface, therefore lift them one at a time, and wipe each thoroughly dry, and clean, and replace them over your cuttings, shading as before. The third morning proceed similirly. but in addition using the same compost, but adding a little sifted well-decayed manure. Shade for a few days, and then transfer them into a cooler house, giving light and air freely except in the middle of the day, when the shading should be used. Other Heaths may be raised thus, such as some of the ventricosas, vestitas, and Cavendiahii, but they take a little longer to root. The most difficult are the " tricolor " section ; these require lighter soil and a double pot, that is, if the cuttings are put into a 61-pot, this should be stood in f(0. 17. — interior of the r.vlm stove, royal bjranical garden, glasnevi.'*. (see p. 89.) give the cuttings a little water, being c.irefal to avoid wetting tho foliage. In less than a month the cuttings will show signs of growth, when they may be alloweil a small quantity of fresh air by tilting the glasses on one side, but continuing the shade. The temperature of the plunging-bed should not be Ie.ss than 60" or 70°, and the house about the same at night, with a slight increase during the day. In from six weeks to two months, all the cuttings will be rooted, when the bell-glasses may be left off', but the shading continued ; and in a short time the little plants may be jiotted into thimbles (smallest 72"3), a 48-pot, resting ou some fine crocks at the bottom, and then the space between the sides of the pots filled in with fine crocks and charcoal, the bell-glass resting on this mixture. The enemies to be fought are damp and rust, both inducing destructive fungoid growtli. Only put in one, or at most two, rings of cuttings in your 60-pot, as near tho outer rim as possible, and then pile a few pieces of broken char- coal in the centre, covering up cloaoly with a bell- glass. If any rust or mildew shows itself in minute spots on the leaves, put a pinch of flowers-of-sulphur on the charcoal at night ; cover up, and remove it in Jolt 23, 1896.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 97 the morning, when yuu clean your bell-glass. This may be repeated at intervals of two or three days until all danger has passed. Among greenhouse plants the Acacias stand pro- minent, both for their early flowering, brightness, and grateful fragrance. .Such free-growiug kiad.s as A. dealbata and A. Kiceana are admirable for covering back-walls or pillars. Many of them are easily raised from cuttings, such as A. armata, A. Drummondi, but the longifolia section are a long while rooting, Pimeleas should also begraf ted in this simple manner, using Pimelea Hondersouii or deoussata for the stock. I', spectabili.s and P. hispida, two of the host, make neat and useful plants thus grafted, but both may be struck frcim cuttings of the young wood when a heel is taken, though they are a long time about. Many gardeners find a difficulty in striking the varie- gated CVtbsei, a most effective climber for large con- servatories and winter gardens, but if they will take the young wood in the spriiig with a, heel, they may Fig. 18.— addisun's WALK— yews, ruval botanical, garden, glasnevjn, (SEE p. 89.) but if grafted" on young seedlings of A. lophaiitha, they not only make good plants more rapidly, but flower sooner and more freely. Merely cut the stock halt through, the scion likewise, bind together with worsted or cotton, and plunge in a close heat for a few days. Aphelexis and Phceuocoma can be struck freely in gentle heat, and soon make good useful plants ; but, thougli the Buronias may also be easily rooted under bell-glasses, they are better grafted upon a stock of B. serrulatt The deliciously fragrant B. megastigma 'roots freely treated in the same way as the hard-wooded Heaths. make sure of 50 per cent, succeeding under a bell- glass. The Correa does not strike easily, but may be grafted onC. bicoloror C. alba ; C.tardiualis especially, perhaps the most useful and showy of all, should be put on the stock as near tlie surface of the soil as possible. Among the Cactaceje none are more useful than the winter-flowering sections known as Epiphyllum. They all make plants eiisily from cuttings, but these are more useful for hansiug basket work than for stage decoration. To have tall useful plants of thein flowering freely from every point, graft then) on thg furious Pereskia aculeata, which seems to hold an intermediate place between the leafless Cacti and the Euphorbias. Cut your Pereskia to the height you reiiuire, and split down the top joint. Then take a piece of the Epiphyllum — say two or three phyllodes or mock leaves, and place the lower end in the cut of the stock, so that the split pieces may rest on each side of the woody centre of your scion ; bind with wick cotton, and keep all close in the double light of your propagating-pit, and in a mouth a good union will be effected. The most distinct and useful old varieties are Madame Courant, tricolor, violaceum superbum, and Veitch's very lovely novelty, Russel- ianum Gaertneri, which has flowers almost as large as Cactus specioaus, of a brilliant orange-scarlet colour, which are produced at every point of its gracefully- drooping branches. It grafts easily on Pereskia, and soon makes a good plant. When we were writing of indoor grafting, a genus of greenhouse shrubs, the Neriums (Oleanders) was omitted. These are known on the Continent as ' Laurier Rose," and in the south make trees and shrubs iu the open air. They have been much im- p oved by the bybridiser of late years, and now present us with many exceedingly lovely and desirable forms. These are all grafted on the common single-flowei'ed Uleander, either by approach grafting, or by tongue or cleft grafting, merely keeping the worked plants close for a few weeks after working. The most distinct are Madoni graudiflorum (a semi-double white), the Double Pink, and Double White. To bloom them well, give manure-water while growing, and when the buds have set, take care never to allow the soil to get dry; indeed, standing the pots in pans of water is advisable. On the continent, amateurs often raise Oleanders by putting a cut branch in a bottle of water, and then suspending it on a south wall, adding more water as evaporation takes place. Pleroma and Lasiandra niacrantha will root in this manner — by plunging the bottles in the warm tan of the Pine stove. There remain yet a few plants which should be raised as cuttings under bell-glasses, but which are not difticultsulijects. The Australian Milk-worts (Polygala) strike freely if small cuttings of the young wood he taken and inseiteil iu sandy soil under a bell-glass. The same may be saiil of othef pretty winter aud early epiiug-flowering plants ; the SoUyas, and the Tre- mandra^ — one that used to be called " Tetratheca ericoides," makes a very graceful table-plant, grown in a 60 or 48-pot ; while the Heaths of New Holland ( Kpacrids) can be increased freely by striking cuttings of the young wood under bell glasses in gentle heat, being careful to avoid getting much water over the foliage till the cuttings have struck. The criticism of your correspondent, Mr. C. Itoll, iu your issue for May '■), had escaped my notice. I do not court a paper war, but would call attention to the fact that I was advising quite an exceptional method of grafting, necessitated by the circumstance that the tree to be grafted waa already old and established. If Mr. I. has followed my papers, he will find I do not advocate grafting by the cleft, but I thought it the best way iu this case. Experience, Plant Notes, GAILLARUIA ARISTATA QRANDIFLORA. Amongst hardy herbaceous plants, the varieties of Gaillardia aristata are great favourites here, owing to their long-continued flowering and graceful appear- ance. The flowers last for a long time after being cut, a fact which was illustrated lately by a box of blooms I received through the post from Messrs. Kelway, of Langport, which were in good condition a week afterwards. Judging from the collection, great paius have been taken in improving this species, and the colours of the blossoms varied from pure yellow to almost entirely brown, and some of them had the tubular florets of G. Lorerujiana, only they are arranged in a single row ; and these varieties, if not quite S3 showy as the others, afford a pleasing variation in foim. Plants may be easily ra'sed from seed, which wjU f)ower the same season if sown early 98 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 25, 1896. on a slight hotbed, aud transplanted to the flower- border when large enough. These last for several seasons, except in very severe winters, with but little attention. The plant may be likewise increased by division of the roots. The soil for Gaillaidlas should be moderately rich and moist, and the position open and sunny. The plant shows to great advantage wlien situated on a rockei-y at a few feet above the ground-level. H'. H. Divers, Btlvoir CasUc Gardens. FOOD OF CROPS. It must always be remembered in estimating the manurial value of garden-refuse, stable Utter, sea- weed, or any other vegetable matter, that a con- siderable portion of the plant-food ingredients con- tained in these Bubstp.uoes, namely, phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrogen, possess little if any value in excess of that which is already in the soil in the shape of undecomposed crop residue. A soil may show by chemical analysis to the depth of 9 inches from the surface to contain 4000 lb. of nitrogen per acre, and yet the yiell of crop will be very small ; and the addition of 150 lb. of nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia, providing only some 22 lb. of nitrogen available to the growing plants, is of more immediate value to that crop than the 4000 lb. that is practically locked up and unavailable. Yet from a purely chemical standpoint, by laboratory-test, the soil may be already supplied with enough nitrogen for the production of average crops to last 100 years and more. Some important investigations at the experiment station of Sir John Lawes, show that the Rothamsted soil may contain in its first 9 inches of depth 2452 lb. of phosphoric acid, .and yet the addition of 3 cwts. of superphospliate, as manure, will increase in the aver- age of years the crop of Barley from 2S to 42 bushels per acre, provide! available nitrogen i^ present. The same soil shows on analysis in the top 9 inches of depth the enormous amount of 35,815 lb. of potash per .".ere, and yet the addition of suljihate of potash as manure, which provides potash in a much more readily aud usable form, is found to increase in a marked degree the yield both of grain and straw ; and under corresponding conditions, the production of starch in Potatos, and of sugar in root- crops, is Largely increased by the use of potash as manure. Wbere very large dressings of good and well-mode stable or farmyard mauure is used, the direct application of potash will be less necessary, because animal excrements contain a large proportion of this element. J. J. ^yillh, Harpctifhii. The Week's Work. THE ORCHID HOUSES. Sii W. H. Weiite, Oychid Grower, Bur/ord, Dorkinij. PHAIUS HUMBLOTI. — From the time of its intro- duction from Madagascar this lovely species has been cultivated very generally in the house with the highest temperature, and many of us know from experience that this has after a while resulted in the plants deteriorating in condition. On several occasions cultivators have been advised in these columns to try the plants under ordinary Cattleya-house treatment, imder which they undoubtedly here have made much progress, but which was not altogether satisfactory. For the benefit of cultivators, the advice given me by .an enthusiastic .amateur who is successful in the cultivation of this family of Orchids, is well worth following by those who have liitherto failed to obtain good results. After trials in various warm and intermediate temperatures, some few plants were placed in a shady position in the cool Odonto- glo^sum-house, where, under the ordinary treat- ment as to watering, &o., they quickly regained health, with good leaves and strong flower-spikes. I am assured that this species, 'which hitherto has been placed in the category of plants difficult to manage, is now happily considered to be the easiest Orchid to grow amongst a larga and varied collection. Any plants of this species which have finisli^d flower- ing will begin to grow afresh, and some, may require to bo repotted. They should be potted a little below tliB riw of the pot, }ike aa ordinary Stove-pjatit, Ihe potting material being of a firm though porous nature, such as fibrous loam, leaf-soil, and sphagnum-moss, in equal parts, with a large proportion of small crock.s, mixing the whole well together. Previous to re- potting, examine the base of the pseudo-bulbs and roots m case raealy-bug or scale may be present. The potting should be done moderately firmly, but do not afford ranch water till the roots are seen to be pushing through the compost, when the quantity should be gradually increased. When grown in the warmer divisions this species is always iufested with yellow thrips, which, without doubt, cause uubcalthiness, but if placed in the caol-house, these insects may not give trouble — at any rate, cultivators should give th-s cool method of culture a trial. OTHER SPECIES OF PHAIUS that do well in the warmer houses, as P. Sauderianus, P. grandifolius, P. M'allichii, P. tuberculosus, P. Blumei, P. assamicus, P. Cooksoni x , P. Marthas x , P. Owenaa x , P. Owenianus x , and Phaius-Calanthe Arnoldia), being now in full growth, should be afforded water copiously at the root, and shaded from strong sunshine. ERIAS. — Among Orchids not generally sough after are the Erias, several varieties of which are really worth cultivation, well-bloomed plants of the following species being very pretty and in- teresting objects : E. densiflora, E. floribunda, E. bractescens, E. stellata, E. acervata, E. flava, E. esca- vata, .and the graceful E. aeridostachya ; all of them flower freely, and their cultivation presents no diffi- culties. These plants, which start to grow at this season, should be repotted if the compost be decayed, using fresh materials, viz., peat aud sphagnum-moss in equal qviantities, in well-drained pots. The Cat- tleya house, or that part of the warmer division which is freely ventilated, will suit them. DISA GRANDIFLORA AND ITS VARIETY, BAR- RELLII. — These plants have their flower buds well advanced. They are liable to be infested with green- fly, which, if not destroyed, soon spoils the beauty of the flowers. The brush and sponge are the best means of ridding the plants of aphis, afterwards laying the plants on their sides, and syringing them till quite clean. It is not advisable to fumigate thcsj plants with tob.acco at any time, the foliage 'oeiug very tender, aud li.fble to injury. The plants should be freely supplieil with water till they go out of bloom, when the quantity should bo gradually reduced, but not entirely withheld. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. Ihi W. Pope, Gardener, Highclcre Castle, Ncwhary. MELONS. — The phanls which are to furnish a supply of la'e fruits should now be phanted. Melon plants carrying several fruits will require very liberal supplies of water at this sea.son, much more being now needful than the earlier plants required when the days were shorter and the sun heat less. The watering of the beds should be thoroughly done, small quantities frequently afforded doing harm by the roots often being left dust-dry whilst the surface may be moist. In affording water, it should not come in contact with that part of the stem that is, as it were, between wind and water, and a close stag- nant state of the air in the house should be avoided, otherwise canker may be set up. If the surface of the Melon-bed cracks, as will occur when a clayey kind of loam is made use of, a thin coating of well-rotted manure should be applied as a mulch. Remove all the superfluous growths on the bine, and properly support the fruits. Excepting at the times of flowering and setting or ripening, the foliage may be syringed daily in fine weather when the pit or house is closed in the afternoon, and at other times sufficient moisture will be secured by sprinkling the floor, walls, &c. Plants growing in dung-pits and frames shoull have the growth thinned and regulated, and sun- heat fully utilised by shutting up after sprinkling the plants and the soil ; with more air and less moisture, however, as soon aa it is observed that the fruit is beginning to ripen. FIGS. — Trees with ripening fruit should be afforded air abundantly, day and night, the soil .should be kept less moist, aud aerial humidity reduced, but care should be taken that the trees are not impoverished. Old Fig-trees which are swelling-off the second crop of Figs should ba liberally supplied with manure- water at the root, and freely and forcibly syringeil on fine afternoons. The fruit on such trees should be somewhat severely thinned if the same trees will have to furnish early fruits next year. The shoots should " be' thinly laid-in, so that there will be ample space ' between them, and laterals should be stopped at the ' fourth or fifth leaf, reokuuing from the base ; or if crowding be feared, remove them entirely. The mulching may be renewed if this be thought desirable, using the dung of corn-fed horses, which, besides admitting air and water freely, contains considerable quantities of ammonia, which is very beneficial to the Fig. It is prudent to afford but little stimulus to very vigorous trees, whether young or old, or exces- sive growth will result, which is sure to mature unsatisfactorily. Fig - trees growing in pots or tubs, and intended for forcing early next year, should be well supplied with water at the roots, also with mauure - water occasionally, and syringed once or twice a day. The very vigorous growths on these trees will require to have the points pinched out so as to preserve a proper balance of growth, and induce fruitfulness. Afford the trees plenty of space for light and air to play around them, so that the shoots make stui'dy and thoroughly ripened wood by the end of the season. CUCUMBERS. — The plants which are to supply Cucumbers in the autumn till the winter Cucumber plants come into bearing, should be planted forth- with. Those plants now in bearing should have all exhausted growths removed once a week, fresh bine laid-in, stopping all secondary shoots at one leaf be- yond the fruit, affording water copiously at the roots, aud avoiding overcropping. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. B]i C. Herrin, Gardener, Dropitiorc, Maitkiilt^ad. LATE CELERY. — Although Celery-plants put out at this season cannot be expected to produce largo heads, the smaller heads produced are very acceptable in the spring, when the best are consumed. Owing to these late plants not being lai'ge, they are the better able to endure the severity of the winter with but littlo injury, if slight protection be afforded them. Should the Celery -trenches be not taken out, they should now bo prepared as advised for earlier crops, with the exception that they may be nar- rower, i e., 18 inches wide, an inches apart. The plants from this sowing .should come into bearing before the end of September. The lights should be kept off the pits until tliere is danger from frost. PLANTS UNDER GLASS By jNo. McIntvre, Gardener, Woodsidc, Darliiiglon. LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM.— This species of Lily, if grown one bulb in a small pot, are pretty objects in the conservatory, or whoa grouped with other plants in entrance-halls and similar places. The bulbs will now have pushed out roots, aud if space was left when the bulbs were potted for moulding-up the growth as it advances, the size of the bloom and the vigour of the plaut will be much assisted by filling 'ip the space that was left with loam and peat in roughish pieces — these the young roots quickly seize ii|>ou. A small quantity of Clay's or Thompson's fertiliser may also be mixed with the soil. AZALEA INDICA. — These plants having complete I their chief growth, .should bo placed out-of-doors, iu a w.irm position, sheltered from wind, aud where the SHU does not reach them for a longer time than three hours ; at the first, even less than this is advisable, as the foliage having been made indoors, soon gets dis- c 'loured if exposed all at once to mucli sunshine. Ill fourteen days they will stand longer and fuller ex- posure to the sun. When turning these plants out-of- doors, if thrips or red-spider are seen on examination of the leaves, syringe them thoroughly with Fowler's Insecticide, doing this in the manner advised by the sellers. If the plants were re potted a few years ago, and they are in a root-bound state, it will be well to assist them with liquid farm- yard manure freely diluted with clear water. If frequent overhead syringing be practised with weak cow-dung water, insect eueiiiies are prevented from attacking the foliage of Azaleas, and a healthy green appearanc3 is given the plants, without which speci- men Azaleas are poor things. Many other species of liard-woodoJ plants slioidd no v be withdrawn from the houses anfl placed out-of-doors, such are Ac.ici.as, ICricas and Camellias, Pittospermum, Myrtus, Kugeuia, Oranges, Lemons, &c., all of which should be placed in shaded positions at first. CYTISUS.— These plants, if they .ire placed out- of-doors, should h.ave their pots plunged iu some cool material, such as leaf-soil or sand, and, in fact, all pUants in pots and tubs should, when put iu the open, liave protection afforded the latter, or injury to the roots may occur. CROTONS. — Afford these plants weak liquid - manure twice a week. The following may be employed with success, viz. : — cowshed-drainings. Clay's, Thompson's, and Beeson's Fertilisers. GARDENIAS.— Any plants brought on from the spring strikings may now receive a shift — say into flower-pots of 6 inches diameter, placing them when repotted in a Melon-house or warm pit in order to obtain rapid growth. Later-struck plants may have their final shift, using 4 or o inch pots, in which they will flower well. As a compost for this last shift ' Hie peat, loam, and dried cow-duug, the first two in a coarse state, aud the last finely broken up. REIDIA GLAUCESCENS is a pretty subject for the dinner-table, its beautiful foliage being alone sufhcient to reeommeud the plant for this purpose, although when covered with its small flowers it has its charms heightened. It is an easily-propagated plant, aud one which, with ordinary cultural atten- tion, can be had in good condition throughout the season. Cuttings should be struck in heat, and potted in 4-iuoh flower-pots in peat, leaf-mould, .and loam, with a sprinkling of silver-sand. A -J-inch pot will grow a Reidla of a desirable size, aud large plants are not of so much usefulness as small ones. GLOXINIAS. — Plants that are now going out of flower should be brought to a state of rest gradually, any hurrying of the proeess resulting in weakened bulbs another year. AS'ord less and less water till the leaves die down, then store away in a cool place at this season. Where a succession of flowers is looked for late this season, the plants will have been raised fro-n seeds sown at the end of the winter, and grown on without large shifts, these plants being now pushed on rapidly in heat, with a considerable amount of humidity in the air. GENERAL HINTS.— The work of ventilating the various houses will now require much vigilant atten- tion, many of the plants having completed their growth for the se ison, and more air will be needed than earlier to get the new wood matured. Stove- plants should be very carefully watered, as any back of moisture at the roots is injurious at this hot season, the Larger plants growing in tubs recpiiriug to bo watered at least twice a day, particularly those which are filled with roots. THE HARDY FRXJIT GARDEN. Bi/ G. WooDOATE, Gankii'r, Rjlksloa Ilall, Burton-on-Trent. STRAWBERRY-BEDS.— Strawberry plants which have been cleared of fruit, aud of which no runners are required, should have the latter cut off, and tlie beds cleaned of weeds. As b it little raiu has fallen in many p.arts it may be fouu 1 prudent to afford the bads a thorough application of water, following this with .another of manure-water on the next day. It this bo not done, the plants miv prematurely lose their foliage, and the crowns fail to reach perfect development. All runners should be removed from the planted-out forced plants, and the latter well supplied with water. RUNNERS. — When the layered runnei-s have filled their pots wi'h roots, they may be severed from the parent plants, copiously watered, and stood for a few days in a shady position. Continue to layer Strawberry runners iu pots, for forcing or planting out purposes. FRUIT TREES.— The soil for some distance around all young fruit trees c irryinga crop of fruit should be well saturated with water. Pyramids and ot'.ier small trees which have been mulched, or the soil rendered crumbly, or which is lightly dug over, can be easily afforded water ; but larger trees in orchards under gr.iss are not eo easily afforded water, an presence of certain scales or "ligules"on the petals is very characteristic of many of tho FlO. 19. — K,\NGE or HOUSES, OlASNEVIN. (SEE P. 90.) very often highly coloured as in many Tillandsias, and constitute the chief feature (jf the plants from a cultural point of view. The leaves crowded in rosettes often form cups, in which the rain-wator is retained in such ijuantities as to bo serviceable to travellers, though the water contained in tho leaf-cups is mixed with decaying vegetable and animal mattei'. These decaying matters afford a supply of nitrogen. Acting on this hint, our late much-regretted friend, Professor Morren, scattered fragments of ammonium carbonate among his plants with great advantage ; and Dr. Mez tells us that he himself kept a plant of Vriesoa carinafa iu good health for a whole year -until, in fact, fruits were produced. The plant was destitute of roots, but the leaf- cups were kept filled with a {^ per cent, solution of am- monium carbonate, together with small portions of nitre, phosphoric acid, and sulphates of limo and iron. The general appearance of the leaves of these plants is sufiiciently familiar to our readers to preclude the necessity of any gener.i. As to tho colour of the flowers, it is noteworthy that in the same group, yellow is re- presented together with blue — the xanthic and cyanic series in this case occur in one flower. The pollen-grains are sometimes furrowed, at other times porous, and this character has been deemed of sufficient importance by Dr. Mez to be employed as a means of distinguish- ing the jjrimary sub-divisions of the order. Dr. Mez has some interesting statements as to the relation between the varied forms of pollen-- grains, and the wa}- in which tho flowers aro fertilised by insects or by tho agency of the wind. Without entering into technicalities, which are not desirable in this place, we cannot enter into further detail on the conformation of the flowers. The reader will find in Dr. Mez's introduction numerous interesting and sugges- tive notes, in which the co-relation between the structure and conformation, and the manners and customs of the jilant are pointed out, thus adding interest to the dry descriptive details. JOLY 25, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHROXICLE. 101 The Pine-apple (Ananas) fuiuishes an unique example, wherein the axis of the inflorescence and the bracts, all become fleshy and incorporated with the ovaries into one mass, which we know as a Pine-ap])le, it having as little to do with a Pine as with an Apple ! The seeds furnish valuable points of distinction, some being pro- vided with wing-like processes, by which their dissemination is effected. The internal anatomy of plants so peculiar in their habits, and in their appearance, must need be of great interest, but for the details we must refer the reader to the text, merely mentioning and wingless seeds, including Bromelia, Nidu- larium, yEchmea, Bilbergia, and many other genera ; secondly, into those with superior or partially superior ovaries, capsular fruit, and winged seeds, including Pitcairuia, Puya, and otheis. A third group has a superior ovary, capsular fruit, and plumose seeds. This group includes Vriesea, Tillandsia, and others. Subordinate divisions are founded on the nature of the pollen-grains— smooth and desti- tute of furrows or pores — wind-fertilised plants, which Dr. Mez characterises as Arch;eo-bro- meliw, as if they were the original types. In compatriots, at least by birth, Mr. Wood, of lluuen, has a nursery largely and almost ex- clusively devoted to the culture of these plants for the Paris markets. The origin of our cultivated Pine-apple is ascribed without any hesitation to Ananas sativus, Sohultes. a native of Central Brazil. The Smooth-leaved Cayenne and other spine- less forms, belong to the variety lucidu?. It must have been introduced to Europe since the dis- covery of America, and is consequently not men- tioned in works previous to that period, and is one of the few cultivated plants the origin of which is known with anything like certainty. F. W. MUDKE (Veirh MeiiALLI!,!) (Director of the Royal Dotaiiical Garden, Glasnevin). that the scales, which occur so abundantly on the leaves, play a double part. Sometimes they act as absorbent organs, whilst in other parts they are protective, and prevent undue evaporation. The white, powdery substance on the inflorescence of the Bilbergias is composed of isolated ovoid cells. The Bromeliacere, like the Cactace;e, are exclusively of American origin, extending from3S N. latitude to 43 S., in Chile. Mexico, Ecuador, and South-east Brazil are the head-quarters of the order so far as the number of indigenous species is concerned. Dr. Mez di\ides the grouji tust of all into those with inferior ovaries, indehiscent fruit. the second group, Poratie, the pollen-cells are provided with pores, through which the pollen- tubes pass ; whilst in the third group the pollen- cells are sulcata or furrowed. The relative position of the ovary and the nature of the seed furnish, as has been already said, other points of distinction. Dr. Mez\s work is purely botanical, hence, unless incidentally, he says little as to theii' culture. In this country, in spite of their often brilliant coloration and easy culture, they arc little grown. On the Continent it is far otherwise. In almost every market-placo the visitor sees little plants of Nidularium, excel- lently suited for room-plants; and one of our Royal Horticultural Society.— The ue.xt meeting of the Royal Horticultural Fruit, Floral, and Orcbid Committees will take place on Tuesday, .luly 28, in the Drill Hall, James Street, Victoria Street, at 12 noon. At 3 p.m., a Iceture on '' Cacti," will be given by Mr. E. H. Chap.man, F.R.U.S. The GARDENERS' Royal Benevolent Fund, — On Sunday last the Rev. E, S. Bouhne, of Narcissus fame, preached in York Minster, on behalf of tho funds of this Institution. The Minster was elabo- rately decorated with Palma and dowers on the o.'CatiioD. The Show of the National Rose So- ciety at UlverSTON.— Mr. Eu'.v.vKu Mawlkv, Hon. Secretary of the National Rose Society, says of this exhibition, that it proved much more exten- sive than had be^n anticipated, and the general quality of the flowers was higher than at eithei' the southern or mutrjpolita i shows. The tjtal number of exhibition Rosei amounted to 2610, or about 500 lesa than tho avoragj for tho previous eight northern shows. Two of these exhibitions were, however, decidedly smaller, viz., that held at .Sheffield in 18S9, aud that at Worksop in 1S93. The show-day wa3 nearly perfect as regards weather ; aud the attendance of visitors, as shown by t'je g»te- money (£112) was large, the usual receipts at the local show from this source being between £20 and £.30. In such a remarkably early season, it may be interestiug to note the different parts of the kingdom from which the exhibits came. Excludin.; tho local classes, forty-two of those were grown in England south of the Trent, tliirty-soven in England north of the Trent, while fifteen came from Scotland, aud the remainiug eleven stands from Ireland. National Chrysanthemum Society.— Tho annual outing of the members and friends of this Soc'ety took place on Monday last, a visit being made to the grounds and gardens of Aldenham House, Elstree, the residence of Lord ALDENnAJi. Ample provision was, by the kind permission of Lord Aldknham, made for cricket, lawn tenuis, and croquet, and a considerable number proceeded to the lake to tish. Dinner w.is served in a marquee on the grounds, Mr. B. Wynne, the chairman of the com- mittee, presiiUng. The health of Lord Aldenbam. with thanks for the use of the grounds of Aldenham House, was received with enthu-.iasm, aud Mr. E. Beckett, his lordship's gardeuer, suitably responded. After dinner, a perambulation of the gardens and grounds was made, Mr. Beckett acting as conductor. The grounds are suffering severely for want of rain, but the admirable coudition in which the gardens are kept, and the perfect order everywhere observed, called forth the warmest praise. The bedding-out is elaborate and attractive. Fuchsias being employed with singular &uccfss ; there is, in addition to many beds, an enormous ribbon border, an extensive and elaborate subtropical garden, as well as many other interesting features. The large collection of Chrysanthemums iu pots had a special interest, and they are so well-grown as to possess high promise for the coming season. The company, numbering some 150, returned to town in the cool of the evening, ha?ing greatly enjoyed the visit. 102 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [July 25, 1898. Starch in Potatos. — M. Comon has com- municatod to the Socidte des Agriculteurs du Nor J, France, the result of aiialyses mide by him ou speci- mens of four varieties of I'otatos supplied by fourteen growers with the object of ascertaining the influence of mxnure ou the richness in starch of the Potato. The following are the conclusions arrived at : — 1st. The same vaiiety of Potato may show great variations iu the quantity of starch it contains, according to the locality whence the specimens came. 2Qd. These differences are observable in all four varieties under observation. The cause is not to be sought iu the plants, these coming from the same growers ; the nature of the soil has no influence, but upju examination of the manures it is shown that in a general way the exclusive use of manures in which nitrogen preiomiuates is prejudicial to the formation of starcli ; on the contrary, the combined applica- tion of nitrogenous mxnures, with phosphates and potash salts, is favourable to the formation of tubers with an increased richness in starch. Reem Scicntifiipie. The SURVEYORS' Institution.— The Council being about to commence the construction of new aud enlarged premises in Great George Street, the Institution will be removed to temporary prem'ses in Savoy Street, Victoria Embankment, on August 17, 1896. Ample accommodation will be provided for arbitrations and consultations similar to those which have been held for the last 25 years at the Institu- tion's house in Great George Street, and may be secured by applying to the secretary, by letter ad- dressed " The Surveyors' Institution " (temporary premises), Savoy Street, Victoria Embankment, W.C. The entrance to the Arbitration Rooms will be from Saviiy Hill (on the east side of the Savoy Hotel). Strawberry Veitch's Perfection.— Under this name the new Strawberry, the result of crossing British Queen with Waterloo, raised by Messrs. James Vkitch & Sons, Chelsea, was exhibited by them to the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticul- tural Society at Chiswick on June 29, when it was recommended for a Fa-st cla.ss Certificate at the next Drill Hall meeting. Tliat award was unanimously made to it on the 14th inst. The fruits were fully described in the Gardeners Chrnnide of July i, at p. 17, when it was called Majestic, but it has since been re named as above. Presentation.— We learn from the Sheffield Diiti/ Teleijrapli of 17th inst. that the curator of tlie Botanical Gardens, Sheffield, Mr. WiLLiiM Hahrow, under whose skilful management the grounds and conservatories always present a beautiful appearance, has been the recipient of a handsome present from the committee on the occasion of his marriage. The present consisted of a silver tea and cofj'ee service in Queen Anne style, and a salver, which bore the foUowmg inscription : " Presented to Mr. Willi.ui Harrow, with a tea and coS'ee service, by the com- mittee of the Botanical and Horticultural Society, on the occasion of his marriage, as a mark of respect. May, 1896." In making the presentation, Aid. W. E. C'LKCiO, tlie chairman of the committee, alluded to the excellent work done by Mr. Harrow during the five years he has been at the gardens, and to tlie splendid condition of the gardens owing to his untiring e.xertions. Mr. W.M. Harrow suitably returned thanks. Chester Art Club.— The museum building is now completed as originally planned and intended. As an Institution it incorporates the museum of the Arch;cological Society, the museum of the Natural Science Society, an art gallery, a lecture theatre, an art and science school, a library, and other rooms and appointments. It is fitting that it should be the home and centre of scientific, artistic, and literary education and culture. It is felt that the time has now arrived when some better and more continuous arrangement may be made for the advancement of art locally, and it has been suggested and urged that an art club for Chester would be in itself most desirable ; and whilst finding commodious quarters and a suitable home within the museunj, with sur- roundings exactly suited to the requirements, the future organisation of art exhibitions and lectures would receive due and proper attention. Mr. Edmond J. Baillie is the Hon. Secretary oi the Museum Management Committee. Shirley and Surrounding Districts Gar- deners' AND Amateurs' Mutual Improve- ment Association.— The monthly meeting of the above society was held on the 1 3th inst. , at the Parish Room, Shirley, near Southampton, when the President presided over a large attendance of the membei-s. Mr. J. Jones, the gardener at Terrace House, Polygon, gave an interesting lecture on the " Culture of the Cyclamen ; " and one of his chief points was, that better plants can be obtained by sowing seed each year than by growing on old conns. The photographs of plants so grown, aud shown by .Mr. Jones, proved that to be the case. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Jones for his excellent paper. The annual outing was held ou the 20th inst., the places visited being Hampton Court and Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons' Nursery, Chelsea. About seventy of the members, and a number of the Botley Gardeners' Association, travelled by a special train to Surbitou, and here they were met by Mr. A. Dean, who had kindly saved the party a long wait by eng.ig- ing some omnibuses, by which Hampton Court was re.iched. Having spent some time in the gardens and viewed the great Vino, the party pro- ceeded to Messrs. J. VElTcn & So.ns, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea ; and two hours were well spent in inspecting tlio glass-houses, and various objects of interest. The party then dispersed to see the sights of London, returning by special train at 12.15. TOMATOS. — There would be small sale for the half-ripened foreign Tomatos sold now in the market at low prices, if we were equally well supplied with home-grown fruit of as good quality and as ripe as that whicli reaches us from Mr. Rolfe, of Providence Nursery, Stamford-lc-Hope, Essex. The variety, a selection from Perfection, is named Rolfe's Challenge, an uneorrugated, oblate-shaped, dark crimson fruit, tlie fruits sent aver.aging 11 inches in circumference. They were sent packed iu precisely tlie same manner as the grower sends them weekly to Mr. G. Monro, of Covent Garden Market. The variety is not only a handsome fruit, but it is a heavy cropper. Drying Fruits.— The following figures may prove of interest to those intending present experi- ments in the field of dried fruit production for home consumption : — Apricots, groo.1 6J lb. make 1 lb. dry Poaches 6 lb. „ 1 lb. Prunes, French 2.J lb. „ lib. ., Silver .3[Ib. „ l ]b. " „ German 2J lb. ,, lib. Tears 7j lb. ,, i ib] ,'j Nectarines .. S lb. , 1 lb. Apples 6 lb. „ 1 lb. "^ These figures, it should be noted, show the average shrinkage of a mixed lot of fruit ; the loss of weight is not so great with varieties specially selected for drying purposes. These figures are given on the authority of Mr. J. C. Blackmore, whose opinion has much value in the New Zealand fruit - growing districts. Society of Jersey Gardeners. — This society held its first public show aud floral /t' 19 0 The produce per acre will be five tons, and the com- pany pays £3 10s. per ton, which equals £17 10s. per acre, and, after deducting cost of growing at £6, leaves a not profit of £11 lOa. to the grower. Pink and Blush coloured Souvenir de LA Malmaison Carnations at Newstead Abbey. — These afforded a lovely sight on June 24, aud were perhaps at their best, with about 600 fully- expanded flowers open at the time. The house in which they are flowering is one of a new range erected about two years ago, and measures 28 feet long and 13 feet wide," a span-roof, with top and side ventilation. A path is dowu the centre, and two beds, one each side, both of which hold some 280 fine plants in excellent health, and entirely free from disease. The two-year-old ones are in 9-inch pots, which will be layered this month, average twenty-two and twenty-four strong shoots each, and those 7.i-inch pots were layered in the middle of July, 1895, and are good stuff, with about ten and twelve strong shoots each, in robust health, with nice 104 THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 25, 1896. glaucous foliage. They are not growing in Banstead loam, but in the oi-diiiai-y sandy loam out of the park, with other mixtures. Mr. McCul: uch take.s a pride in doing the Malmaisons himself, being an old pupil of Mr. Smitb, Menlmore, where Malmaisous abound, as at Ascott and Triug Park. I may add that clo e upon 4000 of the leading sorts of border Carnations are planted in the borders round the Rose garden, and look remarkably well, considering the dry season. Newcastle and District Horticultural Mutual Improvement Society.— The monthly meeting of this Society was held at their room, 25, Westgate Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne, on Tuesday, July 14. Mr. Jno. Bollock presided over a good attendance of members. There were several collec- tions of cut blooms of herbaceous plants, shown by members, which wore much admired, and created a good deal of discussion. The remainder of the even- ing was profitably spent with the microscope, through which many interesting objects were viewed, includ- ing various species of fungi, sections being made and mounted by Mr. Ch. Innes. Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society. — The nineteenth annual excursion of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society will take place on Tuesday and Wednesday, August 4 and 5, lS9t), to the district lying between Stirling and Loch Lomond. A general meeting of the society will be held in Edinburgh on Monday, August 3, of which further notice will be given. On Tuesday, August 4, the excursioniits will leave Edinburgh (Waverley Station) at 7.5 a.m. by train due at Stirling at 8.25, where breakfast will be served in the St:itiou Hotel. Leaving the Station Hotel at 9 o'clock, the party will then drive in succession to Aii threy, Keir, Doune Castle, Blair Drummond, and Laurick. Callander will be reached about 7 P.M., where the members will dine together in the Dreadnought Hotel at 7.30, and afterwards spend the night there. Professor Schwaitacii, of the Forest Academy at Eberswalde, Prussia, will be the guest of the society at dinner. Second day ; After an eai ly breakfast, the party will leave the Dreadnought Hotel, Callander, at 7.30 A.M., drive through the Trossachs, sail up Loch Katrine, and drive to Inversnaid on Loch Lomond. Here a special steamer will be in waiting to convey the party to Balmaha Pier, which will be reached about 12.15 t.hl. The membeis may also have an opportunity of visiting Inch-Lonaig — the Island of Yew Trees — and Inch-Cailloch. The re- mainder of the day will be spent in walking through and inspecting the extensive policies and woodlands around Buchanan Castlu. The party will leave Drymen Station by train at 7 I'.M., arriving at Stirling at 8.18, and Edinburgh at 10 o'clock. The Council have agreed to recommend to the Society that the excursion in 1897 should be held in the United Kingdom — probably in Ireland ; and that in 18IJ8 the forests of sume country on the Continent of Europe should be visited, notice of which will be intimated to the member.s as soon as the preliminary arrangements aro settled. There are still for sale a few copies of the two large photographs of the excur- sionists, and of the Albimi prepared by tho Excursion Committee after their return from Germany. Further particulars in regard to the cost of tho excursion, provisional deposit, &e., will be furnished by Mr. Robert Galloway, Secretary, 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh. PLANT PORTRAITS. Anthurium Madame Du T«ieij de Terdonck. ^ Spathe white, irregularly marked with slmrt, narrow, transverse red bars. Illustration Horticole, Juno 30. BoLLEA ScHRODKRiANA, Garden, June 27. Cymbidium Tbacevanum, Liadenia, t. dxiii. Cypripedidm Leeandm Varieties, Lindenia, t. jjxv.-dxvi. Dendrobium Findleyanum, Garden, June I'i. Dendrobium violaceum, Lindenia, t. dxiii. Dii'LADESiA ATRopuEPUBKA, Monitei'r d'HoHiculture, June. LiLiLM BiONDir, Ball. Soc. Toscana dl Orlic, t. vi., 2, Juno, 1896. LiLiUM chinense, £u//. Soc. Toscana diOrtic.t. vi., 1, June, 1896. RobE Gabrielle hviZET, Canadian HorikuUuri&t, Home Correspondence. examinations in horticulture.— An inspec- tion of the list of honours lately issued in the iiuv- dcturs Chronicle shows that those with most leisure for study manage to secure the highest places iu the results. It would be a privilege if your columns could be open to receive the experiences of your readers on the rea-ous why so few practical gardeners attend the examination. Information on two pomts would be valuable, viz., (1) What spare time cau the average gardener devote tn study ? (2) Is the busy month of May the most convenient to practical men ? [We believe the date will be altered. Ed.] A contemporary suggests that gardeners keep aloof because the examination is open to amateurs and to women. This suggestion seems childish, iu face of the fact that a practical gardener holds a better place in the lists than seven ChePnst'ord students and twenty-eight college candidates. Praiiirr ivit/i S('ifna\ VENETIAN SUMACH— RHUS COTINUS.— There is to be seen just now at Luddington House, ne.ir Egham, a fine bosh of the above in the utmost per- fiction. The bush, notwithstanding it has been con- siderably curtailed, in consequence of its being planted too near the carriage-drive, measures over 63 feet in circumference, and is of considerable height. I had this beautiful shrub in fine feather at EnviUe, and it used to be greatly admired by the numerous visitors ; it wa? also a special favourite with the late Earl of Stamford and Warrington, but 1 never saw one so beautifully coloured and densely (1 /wered as the above. Why it is not more planted seems a mystery, for it is one of the most elegant s'lrubs we possess. Tliere are also to be seen there two fine Judas trees, Cercis siliquastrum, and an immense evergreen Oak. Edward BenrtM, Quci-h's Ituad, £gham. A PROLIFIC CUCUMBER.— I enclose ynu a photo- graph of a bunch of six Cucumbers named Blend- worth Perfection, which I have hanging at the present time. The average length is 21 inches, and girth 7 inches. It is a flit bine 3 fi'et belbro the fruit, and 2 feet above the fruit. Tho six fruits come from two axils only 2 inches apart, so th.at the fruit all hang together ; therefore I was obliged to loup them out to g t a view of the six, and, as you will see, the leaves broke out all roun 1 the bine. JoliH Bushy, The Gardevs, Blend urlli[ie, /{urno Lod- dtaii. Nan 1 8. HER MAJESTY AND DUKE OF YORK GLOXINIAS. — A few days ago I saw one of the finest private col- lections of these varieties which I have seen fs. We now come to a distinct break in .Strawberry raising in a variety which will. I think, be a favourite for years to come, on account of the freedom with which it grows, .and great cropping properties, viz., Laxton's Royal Sove- reign. In penning these lines, it occurs to me how much gardeners owe the late Mr. Laxton.not alone in new Strawberries, but other plants. I cannot say too much in favour of Roy,al Sovereign, and I believe that it will hold its own for eailines.s, size of fruit, and for freedom of growth— the lattera great point in some soils. I must say that I am an admirer of large fruits, it may be bad taste on my part, but it is one that at least, can claim to be common, most pei'sons admiring a fine lot of Strawberries when placed upon the table. I am inclined to give this last-named Strawberry a high place for its general usefulness, as being also the best for forcing, and unequalled for size. The flavour is first-rate, although it lacks the sugary qualities that some other varieties possess, but this is an adv.an- tage, as we have none too many varieties of that de- scription, and it is very good in every other point. It IS not the largest Strawberry, Auguste Nicaise being larger, but if weight of crop be con.sidered, it is a long way ahead of others. As an early fruiter there is none to equal it if it be treated as an annual plant, and it IS the best of Strawberries for general culti- vation. Another of Mr. Laxton's seedlings is Le.ader recently illustrated in these pages, which promises grandly. It may be regarded as a mid-season variety. Messr-. Laxton say it will force well ; it is certainly a fine fruit, and good in the open. Leader is one of last year's novelties, and time h^is not been given it as yet to test its forcing capabilities. One of its parents, Latest of All, is a special favourite, but this last- named requires special good culture ; Nonsuch comes from the same source, and may be termed a grand fruit, large in size, and like one of its parents (Capt,ain), the plant is a heavy cropper, and of distinct character. This is one of the seedlings of 1895. This year the variety will get a good test as to cropping capabilities. I should say that Monarch will be invaluable as a variety to follow Royal Sove- reign as a forced plant, and besides, become a market fruit. I have previously noted the value nf Latest of .•\11, another of Laxton's raising, a grand fi-uit. but not the latest cropuing variety. It is, as regards size .and flavour, at the present without an equal. It has one blemish— the fruits are not always of the best .shape, and like most of the Queen f.amily, to which it belongs, it does not ripen at the point. "The plant nuakea but few runners, and young plants, spe- cially well done, crnp splendidly. Laxton's Scarlet Queen and Sensation are new, but I prefer those pre- viously named. These last two may be as good as those in some soils and localities. John Ruskin is much liked in the north, and some persons prefer it to those I have described. It has not been grown in qu.antity at Sion. A novelty that will be heard of agiiin, viz., Veitch's Perfection, was certificated on July H by the Royal Horticultural Society; it was r;iised by Messrs. Veitch from British Queen and W aterlon, and is a splendid-looking fruit, with finest flavour. O. Wylhi-s. NEW STRAWBERRIES.— It must be regarded as an undoubtedly interesting though not a remarkable coincidence, that Mr. Seden of Messrs. Veitch & Sons, and Mr. Carmichaol of Edinburgh, should have been eflccting just the same cresses in Straw- berries, and very possibly producing precisely similar results. The Southern raiser, largely because of his more favoured situation, is, however, the first in the field with his new production - and a very delicious one it is too. That there is nothing remarkable in the cross is due, of course, to the fact that British Queen is the best possible parent so far to use for the giving to Strawberries th.at fl.avour so much needed, and with so many otherwise fine varieties so much lacking. Waterloo, also, both because of its good sturdy habit, free bearing, fine fruit, and comparative lateness, a.s well as rich colour, seems also to be a very n.atural variety to employ as a parent. We shall be glad to learn from both sources which of the two varieties was the pollen- parent. Of course, rich as the fruits of any new one may be in flavour, deep in colour, and large, yet so enatic are Strawberries that comparatively few v.arieties do well eveiywhere. General conduct is a point to be tested, but if none are planted there is no testing. We seem to have dropped just now upon an era of Strawberry raising. Those raisers who produce really first-class high -flavoured sorts that will be universally good doers, will indeed merit the highest praise. A, D. CHURCH DECORATION.— I enclose photograph of a font decorated with Adiantums, Asparagus, Lily of the Valley, Cillas, Primula obconca, Pandanus Veitchii, and double white Tulips. The occasion was a wedding in St, Nicholas' Church, Heythrop Park, Oxon. C. Culletl. [The decorator availed himself of the peculiar shape of the font to produce the likeness of a floral basket, the handle lightly concealed with Aspar.agus, &c. At the base were white Arums, Pan- danus Veitchii, i;c., skilfully and eftectively ariMnged. The general efTeet must have been good. Ed.] NEPENTHES.— Mr. Rudolph speaks in his Mono- ijntph as it Nepenthes Rajah, N. Edwardsiana, N. villosa,Hook. f. (non. N. villosa, Hort. = N. lanata = N. Veitchii), N. Lowii, and others had been intro- duced alive when discovered by Mr. Hugh Low iu 1848, HehasN. Harryana,Burbidge,asahybrid, which it probably is, but not a garden hybrid ; and he puts N. Burbidgei, Hook, f., under N. phyllamphorii. 106 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [July 25, 1896. whereas it only exists dried at Kew, collected by Mr. Low and by myself, and we both consider it a distinct thing. It differs from all the species I know by its stem, which is triangular in section, and by its decurrent winged petioles, while the urns are most elegantly shaped, more like those of N. Eafflesiaua than those of N. phyllamphora, and their colour and translucent texture is that of egg- shell porcelain, ivory-white, with rose-pink blotches. As to the digestive power of the liquid there is no doubt ; but, of course, there are bacteria there, as well both icrobic and putrefactive, but they do not appear until after the peptonised fluid is exhausted, or its action checked by over-dilution with water. The formic acid of the ants caught helps to intensify the action of the digestive fluid, no doubt. The natives of North Borneo drink the pure secretion of the fresh young pitchers as a certain remedy for indigestion, which is a practical commentary as to its digestive action. Nearly all the species that are epiphytal grow on living trees covered with wet moss and other vegetation ; but N. Veitchii is an excep- tion, atfectiug dead trees or dead branches of living trees, and thus it lays itself out for catching ants, coleoptera, and hordes of other dead-wood boring and crawling insects, rather than the flying kinds that afford food to those with brightly-painted urns. It is curious to see insect eating birds, like woodpeckers and borers, ^searching the urns of N. Veitchii for prey — their' natural food, while ignoring those flying insects caught by other kinds of Nepenthes, and which are searched by bee-eaters and other in- Eectivorous birds, and by rats. N. Veitchii clasps the i-tems of dead trees with some of its distichous leaves, in a different way to any other kind. F. W. Bwhi^tjc. Law Notes. MESSRS. MARSHALL BROS. r. CHARLES JOHNSTONE. SaEniFP RoBunTSON, in the Aberdeen Sheiiff Court, has just given decision on a point that is of some interest to dealers in fruit. Messrs. Marsliull Brothers, Aberdeen, entered into a cjntract with Mr. Charles Johnstone, Regent Quay, Aberdeeu, under which the latter agreed to purchase the produce of certain orchards of Pears which they had at their disposal. Under the contract the fruit was to be delivered to Mr. Johnstone as it arrived in Messis. Marshall's hands ; but, when the season was over, Mr. Johnstone declined to pay for three lots on the ground that the first lot, although delivery hal been taken of it, was "discouform " to contract, and that he had refused the sec m I two lots as discouform. Messrs. Marshall liroihcrs contended that the fruit was conform to contract, and that there had been in addition no " tiuieous" rejection. Sheriff Robertson has decided the case in favour of Messrs. Mai-shall Brothers, mainly on the ground that looking to the perishable nature of Pears, the first two lots were noi timeously rejected and must be paid for, and that Mr. Johnstone had failed to prove that the third lot was disconform to sample and is bound to pay for it also. The first lot was delivered to Mr. Johnstone on or about October ItJ or 19 last year, and rejection was not intimated till November 7 ; the second lot was tendered on October 2i, but, though it was not taken into Mr. Johnstone's warehouse, the sheriff holds that he has failed to prove that he intimated its rejection as being "disconform " to sample until Nov. 7, which, in the sheriffs opinion, was far too late when dealing with such perishable articles as Pears. The third lot was tendered on Oct. 30, but was refused by Mr. Johnstone. The value of the s.coud and third lots was £11 6s. id., but when they were eventually sold by Messrs. Marshall Brothers, they fetched only £\ 17s. With regard to this. Sheriff Robertson s.ays, in the note to his interlocutor — " Apart from the poor price made by these two rejected lots, there is no sufficient evidence thct they were in bad condit'on. As regards the small amount realised— and that, certainly, is remarkable and possibly hardly accounted for by the considerations suggested as to the weather, period of season, &c. — it any of these Pears were such as the defender was entitled to reject, which I think is quite possible he has himself to blame if he suffer any undue loss on that .account — (1) because he did not reject them " timeously," and (2) becauoe he did not have such an examination of the Pears made, and by such impar- tial persons, before rejection, as could satisfy any Court that the Pears were bad as against a statement to the contrary. ST. LOUIS. The garden was very fortunate in the late cyclone. We lost about '200 trees — many very rare for this country, having been secured iu Europe years ago by Mr. Shaw. Several hundred trees are badly damaged — broken, but by judicious pruning will be almost restored in a few years. The bed plants were almost totally deslroyed, but have mostly been replaced. The shrubbery fared better. Much damage was done to several of the buildings by their being unroofed and otherwise broken, but all can be repaired, and most of them are now. The damage is estimated at several thousand dollar.', but restoration is possible in almost every ca-e. Compared with Lafayette Park and other jiarts of the city, we were indeed fortunate. Just now the wreckage is nearly all cleared aw.ay, and nothing remains to tell the story of devastation but the many thin spots throughout the garden. These are rapidly being replanted. All honour is due to Mr. Shaw that he left the finance of the garden in such admirable condition that restoration is not checked from that source— time only is required. C. 11, Tliompson, Acting/ Director. New Invention. PIJ.\IP FOR GARDEN WATERING, IRRIGATION, ETC. A .\0VELTT in garden watering apparatus has just been brought out by the makers of the well-known "Valiant" steuu-pump, Messrs. Merryweather & Sons, of London. It has been constructed on lines laiil down by Mr. Gibb, estate agent to Miss .'Vlice de Rothschild, for that Lady's demesne at Eythorpe, Aylesbury, and appears to be well suited for its work. Complete with steam-boiler .and four wheel carriage, it weighs about 3 cwt., and can therefore be easily wheele 1 about by one man. The pump is entirely of guu-metal, and may b3 used for chemicals for Hop- wadiing, removing blight, &c., without injury to bairel or valves. The capacity is from '20 to 3) g.dlons per minute, and several hoses may be used simultaneously for lawn and garden watering. For watering racj-courses, cricket and tennis grounds, anil for use on large nurseries and plantations, this pump is designed to sxve the work of several men w^th hand-pumping apparatus, while it ij constructed in Buoh a simple w,ay, and has so few working parts, th it any person of ordinary ability can easily work and keep it in order. Trade Notice. — • — . Messh'. J(}Hn Shari'E & Son, of B.irdney and Reading, desire us to inform our readers that Mr. J. H. Millard ceased to represent their firm on June 30 last, and that Mr. A. E. Fountaine, of I\'y Farm, Cavers- haul, will represent tliem in the South ofEngland in tho future, and will take over the m.anagement of their Branch Office, Town Hall Chambers, Reading. Chester Horticultural S^ow. — A timely reminder may be fjiven to our readers of the fact that a conference m connection with this exhibition is to be held in the Town Hall, Chester, on the evening of August 4 next. His ( '.race the Duke of Westminster is to preside. Sir Tlievob Lawrence, Bart., the Dean of Rochesteu, and Mr. F. W. BnaoiDGE, are to be the speakers, and surely with such a platform of leaders of horticulture, the B\iccess of the conference ought to bo insured. Admission to the conference is free, and we hope everyone within reasonable dis- tance of the ancient city who m.ay love a flower, or possess a garden, will make a point of being present at the opening meeting of the show. SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. July 14.— Dr. M. T. Masters (in the chair). Picea Alcockiana FoUaccous Cones. — Mr, Meehan, of Ger- mantown, Philadelphia, sent specimens showing the bracts of tha cones becoming leaf-Uke, with the following observa- tions :— " It represents a great struggle between the effort to make a cone and a branch. I have numbers on several plants. In some cases the branch and, in others the conjB nearly wins. The specimens are certainly due to the con- ditions of environment. There are about a dozen plants from 2 to 3 ft. high. Transplanted in the spring of 1S9J, it was with difficulty we got them through the drought and torrid heat of that exceptional season, the growth being but an inch or two. Other species of the order planted with them died absolutely." Citladiuiii, Variegated Leaf.— 'Sir. P. Crowley, of Waddon House, Croydon, sent a very curijus example of dissociation of colours. The leaf was mainly of a pale pink colour, but one quarter, sharply marked off by two lines at right angles to one another, was white with green veins. The suggested interpretation was that the plant which bore it was a cross between two plants having the above peculiarities respec- tively, and that the parental characters had become suddenly dissociated. Crhium expense, var. — Rev. W. Shirley, of Southwick Par- sonage, Farebam, sent a flower, which proved to be a pale variety of this species. He remarks that he has succeeded in crossing it with C. Moorei (male parent), having raised four plants, but was unable to effect a cross the reverse way. Parrot Tulips not Seeding.— In response to an inquiry from the Secretary, Mr. Barr writes:— "We have been making intiuiries over Holland, and are informed that the Dutch growers do not remember to have ever seen seed to ripen on tlicse Tulips." It was suggested that it would bewortli while experimenting with them next year, to see if seed could bo procured by artificial pollination. Ftaujus oil Primula.— A. curious fungus \ipon leaves of Primula was sent by Mr. W. Hall, the superintendent of Parks, Sunderland. It wa.g forwarded to Kew for further investigation. Wild Chamomile Fatal to Lambs.—lt was reported from tho Bedford Woburn Estate, that this very common plant, Matricaria Chamomilla, had proved highly injurious to sheep and lambs, several hiving died in consequenco of having eaten it. The plant has never been suspected of having dangerous qualitio3, though the flowers are naturally rather acrid and bitter, in consequence of tho presence of the essential oil w ich thoy contain. If the report be true, it may be suggested that the intense beat may have intensified tlicse properties, as is well known to be tho case with Artomiaias, &c., in subtropical countries. DEVON AND EXETER GARDENERS' ASSOCIATION. JULV l.").— This boJy of horticulturists held their fifth Fummer outing on St. Swithin's Day, when about seventy- five members and friends answered to the roll-call. Three well-appointed brakes carried the party, passing along the Topsham Road, and the old site of ilessrs. Veitch's famous nurseries there, crossing the E.^e at Countess Wear, and le.iving the Forest-tree Nurseries of Robert Vcitch & Son at Exminst r on the right. POWDKRHAM PaRK, *' Where Kxe meets curli^d Kenno with kind embrace, In crystal arms they clip fair Powdcrham's place," was reached, and tho visitors were received by Mr. D. C. Powell, the lessee of the gardens. The first trqes to bo noted were some grand Elms of about 130 feet in height, forming an unbroken line, and leading on to the Cedar Avenue, which is formed of a number of particularly healthy and well-furnishci Cedars. Leaving the main drive, the ascent was made to the foot of the Belvedere Tower, which f.irnis one of the landmarks of the county. From hero the view is magnificent. Across the estuary of the Exe is seen the timber crowned Woodbury Hill, the bold ridge termi- nating at Sidmouth Gap, and the many ancestral homes nestling in the bosom of the estuary between. To tho south id the once important ship-building town of Topaham ; Nut- well Court, t^ic home of the Drakes ; and in the distance Hayes Barton, the birthplace uf Sir Walter Raleigh. Tho coast line, with Lympstoue and Exmouth on the left, and Starcross and Dawlish on the right, forms a beautiful foreground to the picture. Following a winding path through the woods, the descent was made to the American garden, in which were many sub- jects of interest. Here was one of the earliest specimens of Camellia japonica, which it is supposed was planted by Sir JosL'ijh Banks, when on a visit to Powderham, towards tho end of the last century. Here also was a fine C. alba plena, from which, a few years ago, over 000 blooms wero cut tho day before Easter. These are right out in the open. A noble specimen of Eucalyptus coccifera, about 70 feet hi h was noted. It had just passed out of flower, nnd was full of bud f jr next year's flowering. One or two fine Tulip trees wero observed, one of 120 feet, just passing out of bloom. Pinus cxcelsa. with hundreds of its curious Cucumber-like cono3 hanging; from it ; Abies Smithiana, with drooping branch* July 25, 189a.] THE GARDENERS' CHR 0 NI CLE. 107 lets of 6 feet long; Abies Noidnianniana, Cepbalotaxus drupacea, with its large Plum-like berries ; a grand speci- men of the Cork Oak (Quercus suber;, and an Ivy with a stem 1 foot in diameter, clinging to an Elm, and which had assumed the colour and furrowed bark of its foster-parent. Hydrangeas of a bright blue colour, some fine Nymphfcas in the pond, and other interesting subjects were also pointed out by Mr. Powell. Pasnng through the vineries, in which were some fine examples of successful Vine culture, the castle wjs reached, and the brakes re-entered, and the journey continued, this time along the coast, through the towns of St;ircross and Dawlish to Teignmouth. The rtndczvous at this place was Eastcliff, the seat of CoL Halford Thompson, J. P. As time was speeding along, the excursionists, under the guidance of their host at once started on their tour of inspection. Colonel Thompson, being the inventor and patentee uf Jadoo fibre and Jadoo liquid, and the Chairman of the Jadoo Limited, much ioterest was felt in the experiments wi*h these materials at Eastclifl'. The conservatories in which Jadoo alone is now used were full of plants in the most per- fect health, abundance of bloom and brilliancy of colour being most marked. The subjects treated were liegoniaa, Cannas, Fuchsias, Streptocarpus, Crotons. Coleus, Dracaenas, Aralia Vcitchii, Grevilleas, Adiantum Farleyensc, A. gracillimum, Gyninogranmii schizopbylla gloiiosa, As[ aragus Sprcngeri, Azaleas, Cyc'araen, i'c. Of the cumplete success of the new material for conservatory work there could be no doubt. Some fruit trees (Apples and Pears) in pots, glowing in Jadoo, were next noticed, nnd hee were small trees bearing very fine fruit in abundnnce. Then some Potatos were dug which had been planted in a layer of Jadoo-fibre and moulded-up with ordinary garden-eartb soil The tubers caine up almost perfect in every respect : the skin Wiis soft and clear, and many tubers were, as they were dtig, fit for the show-table. An adjournment was now made to t!ie lawn, where an excellent luncheon was served. When the enjoyable al freico feast was con eluded, Mr. Hope proposed the health of Colonel Hai.ford Thompson, and in doing so, referred to the successes he had achieved years ago as a Pansy amateur when he went up to Edinburgh and "bearded the Douglas in his hold." i^iucethen he had gone on with his favourite pastime of gardening, and latterly he had thrown his entire effiTts into his experi- ments with Jadoo, with uh.at success they had that day seen in the ample evidence around them. The toast was wanuly received, and Col. Thomp.-on, in reply, gave some inter^stirg facts in connection with the new material, which was now being exported in large quantities, and for which the home < emand was steadily increasing. Jadoo must, the Colonel said, stand or fall by its merits, and his experiments with it, both at home and on the Continent, had been so extensive and exacting, and so universally suc- cessful, that he was well content it should be so. The advantages of its use were its lightness for pot-plants, its requiring less water, its greater cleanliness, its combining in itself a perfect plant-food, the greater floriferousness and brilliancy of colour in the foliage and flowers of plants grown in it. A visit was next paid to the Jadoo factory on the quay, where the process of boiling, and pressing. and fermenting, and drying, was fully explained and demonstrated by the workmen. Messrs. C. T. K. Roberta and J. Littlejobn, Directors of the Company, were there to receive the visiters. The journey w.is then resumed, and after a delightful drive over the high hills com- manding Tori ay, Torquay, "the Queen of the West" was reached. Alter tea, the paity under the guidance of Mr. H, A. Garrett, Boiough S\irveyor, and Mr. Dyer, the superintendent of the public grounds, inspected the public gardens. Special attention was here invited to reputed tender plants which were found to thrive on the terrace gardens. The i-ocks in the background are almost perpendicular, forming a shelter from the north and east winds. The following plants have stood several winters there without injury :— Large specimens of Palms, including Latania borbonica, Chamx-vops excclsa, C. Fortunei. and C. humilis ; Drawenas, Pbormiums, CamelUas, Crinums, Eucalyptus, Callas, Abutilons, Acacias, Agaves, Araucarias, Azaleas, Bnigmansias, Cannas, Citrus, Daphne, Ericas, Fuchsias, Sparmannia, Oleanders, Veronicas, Olives, Cactus, Yuccas, Arahas, Bamboos, Spintas, Loquat, Magnolias, Myrtle, Cestrum, Ricinus, Mesembryanthemums, Imatophylium, and several others. The rocks are covered with climbers, including Clematis, Ampelopsis. Cli;aithus, Passiflora, Sola- nums. Plumbago, Habrothamnus, Physianthus, Stauntonia hitilolia, Tropuiolums, Mar^chal Niel and other Tea Roses, &c. The beds and borders along the whole length of the garden (about 430 yards) are planted with choice Begonias. Fuchsias, Heliotrope, Pelargonium-*, Colens, Echeverias, and Dactvlis. Shrubs in great varieties are planted throughout the gardens, also a fine line of young Dracienas. The shrubs include Veronicas, 01ea.«, Olearias, Ceanotl.us, Escallonias, Pittospo- rum. Rhododendron. Cistus, Hypericum, Elteagnus, Coronilla, Choisya, Diplopappus, and a number of others. Several of the party then proceeded on the invitation of Dr. Hamilton Ramsay, president of the Torquay Gardeners' Association, to Duncan House, in front of which is a fiue collection of sub-tropical plants. Latania borbonica and Cham»rops excelsa have stood out for years here, and two specimens for over twenty- four wintei-s. EuUlia febrina, Aralia Sieboldi, Phormium tenax v.iriegata, Spiiu-a ariaifolia, Myrtles, BambooSj Pampas, r.ud other picturesque subjects were planted in artistic groups and showed tropical luxuriance ot growth. After perambu- lating the grounds, the stalwart and handsome old Scotsman led the way attended by his private piper in full highland costume, the visitors following, into the drawing-room where cake and wine was served. Thepip«r(McInn6s\isa descendant of Prince Charbe's piper, and is proud of the fact that bis ancestor received 1.50 lashes for conceaUng bis royal master, the " bonnie Prince Charlie." Bidding farewell to our enter- taining and very genial host, the return journey was com- menced, and after a long drive by way of Newton Abbot, Chudleigh, and Haldon Hill, Ibe '** Ever Faithful " city was reached a little beyond the witching hotir. ALTRINCHAM AND BOWDON HORTICULTUBAL. July 17, 18.— The annual exhil-ition of this society was held in the Athletic Grounds, Devisdale, Bowdon, on the above dates. Spacious marquees were erected, and the fine weather which has prevailed during the month, made it exceedingly pleasant for promcnaders, the turf being in good condition ; and there was a goodly assemblage of visitors. Tlie committee offer very good prizes for plants, cut flower-^, fruits, and vcgetib'.es, and both amateurs and cottagers enter with spirit into the competition. What largely helps to bring in funds, is the series of sports taking place on the last day of the exhibition, and the subscription-list amounting to about £140. The show of pLvnts in pots was good, and the competition in the class for collections arranged for effect in oval and circular groups was keenly contested. The her- baceous plants in pots, particuUrly the group of twe ve shown by Mr. Ja'. Smitu, Ilowdon, were Lirge, well leaved and flowered, showing what can be done with this class of plants, and justifying the geuenil encomiums bestowed upon the group by both gardeners and amateurs. The cut flowera formed a Large exhibition, and the fruit for the season was above the average of that seen at local shows, while the vegetiblcs were also a lirge and generally creditable lot. For the Urge collections of plants arranged for effect, Sam Henchlikke, Esq., and Adam IIogo, Esq.. wcic placed equal 1st. In the former collcctiuu were some good P.dins, some bright coloured Crotons and_^ Coleus, «itb the greenery obtiiiued from miscellaneous Ferns, a fine edging of Cala- dium argyrites, and a few Orchids, comprising Cattleya Mendcli, Odontoglossum criapum, several Cypriitediums (Liiwrenceiinumbeingnotably g<_>od), one or two well-rtowered specimens of Brassia vcrucc'sa, which told well in the group, .and several other good things. In Mr. Hocr. s collection the Crotons were well-grown and piirticularly bright, and what the flowering plants were lacking in, was more than made up by an effective arrange- ment. Mr. H. T. Gahdum and Mr. Hall also shuwcd well in this group. In the circular groups, Mr. T. 3. Haworth, Dunham Mersey, and Mr. E. Brathv had the premier lots. For six stove and greenhouse plints, Mr. Brathy, Mr. Uknchliffe, and Mr, J. Hawmktii had well- grown, well- flowered plants. Dr. MoiR and Mrs. Oldfield bad well- grown Ferns. Mr. Henchliffe liad a lot of good Orchids, and his Cypripcdiuni RotbschiMianum was a fine vaiiety. Mr. Ja3. aMiTH'a twelve berl>aceaus phints, above specially noticed, were a remarkably even group, prominent in it being a plant of Spinea aruncus, with beautiful feathery, arching plumes. In all the twenty-seven open classes there w.as a fairly good representation. The cut Roses, particularly those from Mr. CnA.s. Bi'Rgbss, Plurabley, were good, fresh, fairly sized, the best being Pierre Notting, Victor Verdier, Marie Rm* mann, and Mrs. Laing. Mrs. Ravner, Marple ; Mr. Hall, Hale ; and Mr. Brows, Heaton Mersey, taking premier positions in the various classes. Mr. C. E. N. Gadduu had the best collection of fruit, con- sisting of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, ifcc. Mr. Watter'^on had well finished, very good bunches of Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes. Dr. MoiR and Mr. Gill, Ashton on Mersey, had excellent collections of vegetables. NOX-COMPETITIVE EXHIBITS. Mr John Rob.son, nurseryman. Bowdon, put up an effec- tive group of pot-plants, and bis cnlleetion of herbaceous cut flowers was varied and showy. Messrs. Ch8Ran & Son, Altrincbam, had also a large lot of border flowers, comprising Roses, Lilies, Gaillardias, ifcc. DiCKSONS, Chester, had a charming lot of Tea and Noisette Roses, among which sevei-al novelties were observed. Messrs. Caldwell, Knutsford, had a grand arr.iy of cut Sweet Peas in very numerous shades of colour. Mr. Heywood put up a good, semi-circular group of plants. The Messrs. Hofkiss, Knutsford, had a varied and cle.in border Violas. TIBSHELF HORTICULTURAL. July 21.— The Tibshelf Floral and Horticultural Sojiety held its show on the above d te on the Cricket Ground, and the weather being beautifully fine, there was a large attend- ance of visitors. In connection with the flower show is a Rose show, under the rules of the National Rose Society, and this feature ia becoming increasingly import int. Indeed the judges on Tuesday decLired the collection of Roses brought txjgether to be the finest seen iu the United King- dom tbii year, notwithstanding the fact that the season is getting on. The Natiomd Society's Gold Medal was awa ded to Messrs. Habkness k. Son, Bedale, Yorkshire. The piizc- list for Roses was as follows : — R03FS. Seventy two blooms, fifty distinct varieties.— Ist, Messrs. Harkness k, Sons, Bedile ; 2nd, Messrs. Merryweatber k Sons, Southwell ; 3rd, Messrs. Dickson & Son, Newtownards, CO. Down ; 4th and 5th, Messrs. Cocker & Son.s, Morniug- field Nurseries, Aberdeen. Forty-eight blooms, distinct varieties. — let, Messrs. Dickson & Sox ; 2nd and 3rd, Messrs. Cocker k. Som ; 4tb, Messrs. Merryweatber & Sons ; 5th Slessrs. Mack k. Son ; 0th, Messrs. Harknlss & Sons ; 7th, Messrs. Townsend &SON. Thirty-fix blooms, distinct varieties. — Equal lat, Messrs. Cocker & Son and Messrs. Mack & Son ; 3rd, Messrs. Dick- so.N & Son : 4th, Messrs. Cocker k. Son ; 5th, Messrs. Merry- \/EATHER k Son ; 0th, Messrs. Harkne s k Sons. Twenty-four blooms.— 1st, Mr. H V. Macuin, Wurkaop ; 2nd, Mr. W. BovES, Derby ; 3rd, Mr. Wuiitle, Leicester ; 4t'', Mr. R. E. We>t ; 5th, Mr. Morris. Eighteen distinct varieties— 1st, Mr. Whittle; 2nd, Mr. R. E. Wk-st; :ird, Mr. Morris; 5th, Mr. J. Bradbury. Twelve distinct varieties.— 1st, Mr. Whittlb; 2Qd, Mr. S. Price; 3rl, Mr. R. E. West; 4tb, Mr. S. Morris. Three large marfjuees were required fur the accommo- dation of the exhibits, but there was a slight falbng off owing to the dry weather, in the number of exhibits from cottagers and artisans. The total number of exhibits, never- theless, WLis in excess of Ust year. The groups of plants, occupying a space of 200 feet, were exceptionally fiue; the middle tent, in which these were, presenting a beautiful sight. Nine prizes were offered, the highest amount being £15. Mr. J. Ward, gr. to Mr. T. H. Cakes, J.P., of Riddinga House, Alfreton, is always a formidable competitor at Clay Cross and Tibsbelf, and, indeed, at any show in the Midlands iu thi.s p.irticuLar deixtrtment of shows. He carried off the 1st prize, .13 he has done six or seven years in succession at Tibsbelf, and as be invariably tioes at Clay Cross. Gnjupi.— it was satisfactory to note th;it groups were of u ifonn excellence than is usually the case, and the point upon which the judges had to attach the greatest importancj iu giving their awards w-is not so much the difference in artistic taste displayed in the gi-oupings, but the quality of the component parts of the groups. In Mr. Ward's group every individual plant w;is a perfect specimen of its kind. The specialty consisted of dr-wping curly Crotons, w .ich are seldom seen with such colour. TTia winner of the fth prize, it should be stated, is a working collier, living at Tibsbelf, and is a well-known prize-taker in the district The following is a bst of the prize-takers in this section : 1st, Mr. J. Ward, gardener at Riddinga House, Alfretoa ; 2nd, Mr. J. Edmonds, gardener to the Duko of St. Albans ; 3rd, Mr. C. J. Mee, Nottingham ; 4tb. Mr. W. Haslam, Hars'oft ; 5lb, Mr. William Shakespeare, Tibsbelf; Cth, Mr. Webb, gardener to Viscountess Ossington, Kelham Hall; 7th, Mr. Kemp, gr. to Mr. J. J. Chambers, Tibsbelf. Other prizes in the open cLiss went to the following: — Ferns, collection of six; 1st, Mr. J. Wari>; •2\id, Mr, J. Nelson : 3rd, Mr- W. Kewp ; 4th, Mr. T. Butler. Zonal Pelargoniums, six varieties.— 1st, Mr. T. Butler, Fuchsias, six varieties: Ist, Mr. J. Swanwick, gardener at Sherwood Lodge, Nottingham; 2nd, Mr. W. SnAKE.spEARE, Tiljsbelf. Oi-chids, coUectioa of six: 1st, Mr. C. J. Mee, Day- brook Nurseries. SLx plants for table decoration : 1st, Mr. J. Edmunds, gardener at Best^ood Hall ; 2nd, Mr. C. J. Mee ; 3rd, Mr. J. Ward. Bouquet of flowers : 1st, Messrs. Johnson k Wheblkr, Chesterfield. Vase of flowers : 1st, Mr. J. Ward ; 2nd, Mr. W. Lowe ; 3rd, Messrs. Johnson k Wheeler. Col- lection of cut flower : Ist, Mr. T. J. Nelson; 2nd, Mr. J, Ward. Verbenas: 1st, Mr. T. Bftler ; 2nd, Mr. S. Price. The Secretary, Mr. R. Harrison, on Tuesday attained his majority iis the secretary of the Soc ety, which under his able guidance has attained dimensions of a surprising cbiracter. SURREY FLORICULTURAL. July 22. — Though the name of this society connects it with th<^ county, the exhibition ia a purely local one, and as it is only open to exhibitors who are members of the society, to compete for prizes, the display should not be compared with many other exhibitions in this county where there is no such restriction. The fifty-second annual exhibition was iield on the above date in the gi'oimds of Brockwell Hall, adjoining Brockwell Park, and close to Heme Hill Railway Station. There were numerous classes, but the competitiou w\as by no means keen. Details concerning a few of the piin- cipal cljisses ara appended. Amongst some of the special prizes were several offered to exhibitors of the best pUmts which h id been washed by a certain soap 1 Mr. J. Lamberi, gr. to H. W. Segelcke, Esq., Elfindale Lodge, Heme Hill, had the best collection of six foliage plants, showing three Crotons, aud a plant each of Hyophorbe lutesceus, Alocasia macrorhiai, and AnlhuriumcrystalUnum. The same exhibitor was 1st for six Fuchsias, and for sLx 108 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JcLT 25, 1896. distinct vaiieties of Ferns ; and 2nd for four stove or green- house plants. Six plants suitable for table decoration were best shown by Mr. A. A. Rofe, gr. to Mrs. Cole, ElmfieM, Streatham. Jlr, A. A. RorE had also the best half-dozen of Petuuias and was 2nd for half-a dozen plants of Co'eus ; and, in addi- tion, 1st for six Caladiums, and 2nd for six Begonias iu flower. The 1st prize in the last-named class was won by Mr. T. Pearce, gv. to S. G. C. Sanson, Esq , Leigham Holme, Leighton Court Ro.ad. This exhibitor won also for a group of niiseellaneous plants, being followed by Mr. J. Lambert. Mr. J. Lambert won for six Ur.acajnas. Mr. RoKE, with two gffod bunches of Black Hamburgh, ■was 1st for black Grapes ; and Mrs. Holt, Waratah, Chisle- hurst, with Muscat of Alexandria, won for whit i Grapes. Messr-s. 3so. LiiNn & Sons. Forest Hill, London, 8.E-, helped towards the display by an exhibit of their plant specialties, and Mr. Robt. Neal, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, had a large group of miscellaneous plants (stove and green- house), and cut Roses, &c. BECKENHAM HOBTICTJLTURAL. Jolt 22.— The annual exhibition of the Beckenham Society was held on the above date in the Athletic Grounds under auspicious circumstances. Considerable interest is taken in the annual event by the people of the district, and Beckcnharn Itself is made brighter for the occasion by the display of bunting in the more conspicuous places. The three good-sized tents were well filled, and the number of competitive classes was large, a great many of these being for the encouragement of "single-handed" gardeners, amateurs and cottagers. In connection with the last named section of exhibitors, the chairman of the district council who opened the exhibition referred to the fact that this body was now preparing for the benetit of Beckenham residents about ten aci-es of land to be used as allotments, and we hope the site chosea is a convenient one, in order that the most use possible may be made of it. In the open classes it is desirable that more competitors should engage, for, as will be seen from the details below, the number of prize winners is not quite satisfactory. Several varieties of plants were ■well shown, and none better than Achimenes and tuberous- rooted Begonias. We are unaole to give details respecting the whole of the classes, and the following refer mostly to tho=e open to all competitors. The arrangements were good, and a word nf praise is earned by the energetic honorary secretary, Mr, T. W. Thornton, who for the past few years has been of very great help to ihe Society. The groups of plants arranged for effect being only upon a space 10ft. by 6ft., there was not scope for a gre it effort. The arrangement to which was awarded the 1st prize, was ex- hibited by Mr. T. Crosswell, gr. to W. M. Bullivant, Esq., Homewood, and consisted of a groundwork of Ferns, amon? which were interspersed Fuchias, some very fine Gloxinias, Crotons Caladiums, and a few Palms. The 2nd prize was taken by Mr. M. Webster, gr. to E. J. Pbesto:;, E^q. In this exhibit the plants used were rather too large for iirrangc- ment in so small a spac3. Table plants, though exhibited by two conipeUtors only, were very good from Mr. J. Munro, .n- to J. L. BUCKWALL, E-q., Langley Court, his Crotons Aigburthensis and Donia-ii being of commendable colour. Mr. M. Webster, gr. to E J. Pre3T0N, Esq , Kelsey Cottage, was 2nd. Mr. J. Mi'KRo had the bjst c .llection of three liowering stove or greenhouse plants, showing Phimbajo capensis, Allamandl Hcndersoni,. and Stephaiiotis floribunda. Mr. M. Webster was 2nd. Mr. F. G. Cogger, gr. to .1. Norwood, Esq., Pembury Lodge, was 1st for three foliage plants, staging two Caladiums and one Croton ; Mr. .1. Munrd being 2nd. Eight misctUaneous pl.ants were exhibited best by Mr. M. Webster, in whose collection was noticed a pretty plant ol Cissus discolor and two graceful Palms. Mr. J. Mi'nro's 2nd prize exhib t contained two nice Crotons. The best single .specimen plant was a capital one of Plumbago capensis, shown by Mr. M. Webstbb ; the Anthur- ium Scherzerianum, by which Mr. J. Monro was 2nd, con- tained a large number of flowers. Ferns were of commendable quality, the best collection of four plants being shown by Mr. F. G. Cogoeb, and the 2nd prize w.as taken by Mr. H. Cooper, gr. to C. W. Harbison, Esq., Whitraores. The few exhibits of tuberous-rooted Begonias deserve special commendation. The collection of four specimen) wilh which Mr. T. Crosswell obtained 1st prize was capital ; three of the plants were double-flowered, and the remaining one a single variety, the Last-named being the most effective of them all, Mr. F. W. Price, gr. to H. C. Crowtbee, Esq., Broadclyst, was 2nd, and included all double-flowered varieties. Mr. T. Crosswell had the four best Fuchsias, and Mr M. Webster was 2nd. In this latter collection the plants were but sparsely bloomed. Coleus .are usually very pretty at Beckenham, and on the present occasion some brightly coloured specimens were staged, though of moderate siza. Mr. J. Mr.vRo was 1st again here, and Mr. M. Webster InA. Gloxinias gave Mr. T. Crosswell another opportunity t.i score 1st, and he had a very satisfactory collection of six plants, which appeared, however, to have come from too hot an atmosphere. Mr. H. Cooper wis 2nd with very much smaller plants, and Mr. F. W. Price, gr. to H. C. Crowther Esq., Broadclyst. was a good 3rd. For Petunias JTr. Webster staged most successfully, and he was followed by Mr. J. Galley, gr. to J. Horton, Esq., Haynes House, and Mr. J. Monro respectively. Achimenes were very fine, and the collection of four plants shown by Mr. W. Turle, gr. to A. H. Baker, Esq., Eldcrslie, was worthy of much ytraise, a plant of the bright flowered variety Dnzzlc covered with blossoms was very effective. Mr. H. Cooper w:>s 2nd, and Mr. F. Smith, gr. to M. John- son, Esq., Moat Lodge, 3rd. Mr. H. Cooper had the best Lycopodiums. but these wore not exhibited largely. Cut Roses in a collection of twelve blooms were best from Mr. A. C. GiFFORD, Cornwalls, Tennison Road, S. Norwood. The best Grapes were from Mr. W. Taylor, gr. to C. Bayer, Esq., Tewkesbury Lodge, Forest Hill, who showed two bunches of Black Hambro ; Mr. J. Amery, gr. to F. E Liebrich, Esq., was 2nd. There were several collections of six Pelargcniums in bloom, and amongst these the collection from Mr. F. G. Cogger was awarded 1st prize. The Beckenham people have always a model garden or two to inspect at their exhibition, and on this occasion the 1st prize for this class was won by Mr. A. H. Button, liroad- stairs Stables, whose exhibit evidenced the possession of a certain amount of ingenuity. The table decorations were good, and the 1st prize in one case went to Mr. T. Horsman, Station Conserv,atory, Becken- ham ; and in the other to Miss Edith HiQoiNBorTOM, Vernon House, and Miss E, M. Hewlett, Elmhurst, equally. MISCELL.\NE0U.^3 EXHIUITS. There were several honorary exhibits of a good character. Messrs. H. Cansell k Sons treated the Beckenham peop'e to a view of some of their Cannas, and Messrs. JNO. L\ino a Son. Forest Hill, bad a largj group in which were Ciladiiims, Begonias, Orchids, pnd other choice plants, also cut Roses, and hardy flowers. The Agricultural and Horticultural .-X ssociation had a number of hardi flowers displayed, and from Reid's Nursery, Beckenham Hiil, were shown cut flowers of Cannas and Carnations Mr. E M Randall, Railway Br dge, Becken- ham. had flor.al design-'. Mr. Jno. K. Box, West Wickham and Croydon, exhibited an oval group of tr.berous Begonias upon the grass, backed and faced with ornamental foliage plants of a miscellaneous character. Messrs. Jno. Peed *! Sons, Roiipell Park Nurseri s, Nor- wood Road, London, staged a small group of miscellaneous plants, chieli* remarkable for some choice C il.adiums. and a well flowered Hid angea panieulat a. THE NATIONAL CARNATION AND PICOTEE (Southern Section). Jolv 22 —It was the presence of the exhibits brought by the Midland growers which helped so much to make up a Show worthy of the Soulhein Section of the National Carnation and Picotee Society. The hot, dry weather brought on the blooms of the southern growers unusually early, and they were prac- tically unable to exhibit As Mr. Smith said at the luncheon, no one, not even Zadkiel, could alter the weather; and he thought, in the face of the experience of the p.ast two years, that for the future the show should be held a week earlier, say about the L'.tli of July. The Birmingham growers were fivoured by having a .season a week later, and they had larger, fuller, and ficNher blooms than could be cut in the South Still, the average of quality was below that of last year : some of the bhioms were thin in substance, and lacking colour. The Selfs wore in a few cases very fine ; and the yellow grounds much lietter than might have been exiiected. CARNATIONS. With twenty-four blooms of Carnations, not fewer than twelve varieties, Mr. R. Svdenbam, Birmingham, repeated his victory of last year by taking the 1st prize. He had good blooms of C. B. Lord Salisbury, P F. George Melville, R. F. Thalia, P. P B Wm. Skirving. P. F. Gordon Lewis, R. F. Mrs, Rowan, C. B. J. D Hext.all, R. F Thalia, S. F. Guards- man, C. B Mrs Burgess. S. B. Robert Lord. S. B. Robert Houlgrave, R. F. Ro.sa Mundi, P. F. Agricola. C. B. J. S. Heddcrley, P. P. H. Edith Anne, and C. B. Master Fred ; 2nd, Messrs. Tho.mh)N & Co., Nurserymen, Sparkhill, Bir- mingham, who had v.arieties differing from the foregoing, viz., P. P. Barline, S F. Sportsman, K. F Cristi-galli. S. B. C. H. Herbert, S. F. Flamingo, P. P. B. R. Bealey, P. F. James Douglas, aud C. B. Jos. Crossland ; Mr. Martin Rowan, Clapham, was Srd, several other prizes being awarded in this and the following classes. With tmclve blooms, Mr. Joe EdWARDS, Blackley, Man- chester, was 1st, having C. B J. S. Hedderiy, S. B. Evan Edwards, new, briUiant in colour ; P. F. Gordon Lewis, S. B. Othello, R- F, Mrs. Rowan, P. F. Harmony, 8. F. Sportsman, C, B. Stanley, C. B. Master Fred, S, B, Robert Houlgrave, P. P. B, Squire Llewelyn, and S. B. Admiral (.■urzon. 2nd, Mr. A- R. Brown, Ha dsworth, Birmingham. Srd, Mr. J. BnocKLEuimBi, Sb.st.m, Manchester. With six bloomy Mr. A. Obcesfield. Sutton, Surrey, was Ist. having C B, J D. Hextall. S B. Robert Lord, S. F. Sportsman, C, B .1. Simonit', P. P. B. Phffibe, and P. F. Charles Henwood. ,\[r. T. E. Henwood, Reading, was 2nd. and Mr T. Anstiss, Brill, 3rd. PICOTEES With twenty-four Picotees, in not fewer thin twelve varieties, Mr. R. Sydenham was .again 1st, having clean blooms of Ro. E. Lady Louisa. L. Red E. Lena, Red E, Ganymede, L. P. E. Mrs. Kingston. L. P. E. Thom .s William, RedE. Mrs. Wilson, L. P. B. Jessie, R'l. E. Little Pliil, L. Ro. E, Nellie, P. E Muriel, Ro. E. Mr.-i. Payne. I'. B. Esther, L. Red E. Mri. Gorton, L. Ro. B. Favourite, P. E. Mrs. Openshaw, Ro. B. Mrs. Coldridge, L. P. E. Pride of Loyton, L. Bed E. L?na, and P. F,. Amy Bobsart. 2nd. Mr. A. W. JoNES, Handswoith, Birmingham, who.sc finest blooms were Red E. Mrs. Wilson. L. P. E. Esther, Ro. E. Little Phil, Ro E, Norman Carr, L. P. E. Mrs. Gorton, Red E. Brunette, Red. E. IsabePa Lakin, and L. P. E. Somerhill. Srd, Messrs. Thomson k Co. With twelve blooms Mr. J. Edwards too't the first prize, having differing from the foregoing Polly Brazil, Ro. E. Edith Donibrain, Red E. John Smith, Ro. E. Mrs. Shai-pe, and P. E. Muriel. 2nd, Mr. A. R. Brown, Handswortb, Birmingham. Srd, Mr. B. Simonite, Brill. With six blooms, Mr. C. Hakdcoa, Ash, Sandwich, was 1st; M. T. E. Henwood, 2nd; and Mr. T. Anstiss, Srd. SELF CAHN.^IONS Were bright and pley Mr. M. Smith, such as Roland, Perseus, Vashti, El Dorado. Noseby, Flamma, Lmna Doofie, Nestor, Ltopold, Regent, Cz irina, President Carnot. Melba, Khedive, Oliver, Figaro, Ualgetty, Hildago, a new and very distinct variety, bright gold ground, fl iked on tlie edges with crim- son and maroon ; Aureola, pale ground, heavilj- edged with reddish crimson ; The Baron, in the w.iy of .-Vureol i. Bertie, and Even'ng Star. Mr, J, D"Liulas was 2iid, having Romu lus. Coral, Cardinal Wol&ey, Mogul, Old Coin, and Seedlings. 3rd. M. J. Walker, Thame. With twelve fancies. Messrs. Tho.m.--:on k Co. first with good blcoins of Mrs A. Tate, Brocklin. C«to, Gold Crest, Mrs. W. Spencer, Almira, Janira, Monarch, The Dey. Stadtrath Bail, and t-ardinal Wolsey. 2nd Mr, A. J. Sanders, his collection being for the most part .seedlings. Witli six fancies Mr. J. Edwards was 1st, he having in g.tod form Almira. Stadtrath Bail. Cardinal Wolsey, Romulus, Vellow-hammer, and Mrs. Hvrt. Mr. A. R, Brown was 2nd and Mr. ('. Harden, ;;rd. YELLOW GROUNDS Were also a fine feature, despite the heat. The best twelve came from Mr. R. .Svdenua.m, who had Ladas, Mrs. Gooden, Florrie Henwood, Agnes Chambers, Countess of Jersey, Mrs. R. Sydenham, and Mrs. Douglas, duplicates being permitted, Mr. M. R. Smith was 2nd, having Voltaire, May Queen. Golden Eagle, Professor, His Excellency, Fortune, Mohican. Dervish, Hygeia. and Mrs. Tremayne. :^rd, Messrs, Thom- son ife Co., whoh.adan unnamed Seedling of high quality with six blooms. Mr. A. W. Jones was 1st, having capital flowers of Mrj. Gooden, Countess of Jersey, Mrs. R. Sydenham, Mrs Douglas, Ladas, and President Carnot. Mr. A. U. Brown was 2nd. and Mr. H. W. Wegilelin, Teignmouth, Srd. SINGLE BLOOMS of Carnations were as usual very good, the leading S. Bs. were Robert Houlgrave, C. H. Herbert, and Robert Lord. C, lis. J. 8. Hedderiy, Master Fred?., and J. D. Hextall. P- P. Bs. William .Skirving, this variety being so good as to take all the jirizes. P. Fs. Gordon Lewis, Charles Henwood and James Douglas. S. Fs. Sportsman and Guardsman. U. Fs. Mrs, Gunn, Mrs. Rowan and Thalia. Selfs— white. Mrs. Lee a very fine nortbei-n variety : Pearl and Mrs. Muir ; rose or pink. Ruby, Macclesfield and Duchess. Scarlet or Crimson mainly Sports ; maroon or purple Mancunian. A very fine daik variety. Yellow Germania: buff. Mrs. Colby Sharpin, and Persimmon ; fancies — mainl3' Seedlings un- named. PREMIER FLOWERS, Tlie Premier bizarre Carnation was C B., J. S., Hedderl»y, from Mr. J. Kdwards; the premier flakes. Sportsman, S. F., from Messrs. Thomso-j & Co.; the premier Self, Germania the premier Fancy. Hidalgo, from Mr. Martin Smith. Jdlt 25, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 109 A great many bluonjs of Ficotees competed hi the classo'* for single specimens ; the best heavy reds were Brunette> John Smith, and Isabella Lakin ; light reds, Thomas William, Mrs. Gorton, and Leua ; heavy purples, Mrs. Kingston, Eliaibcth, and Ann L 'rd ; heavy rose. Little Phil. Carapa- nini and Madeline ; light rose, Rosie Sydenham, Mrs. Deal and Blanche. Hoar; heavy scarlet. Scarlet Queen, Mrs Sharpe, and Duchess of York ; light scarlet, Mrs. Geggie, Favourite and Dolly Dimple ; yellow grounds, Mrs. R. Syden- ham, Alice Mills, and Ladas. Four classes were set apart for bizarres and flakes, self and fancies, and also for white ground and yellow groun Picoteea, shown with a single spray of foliage ; in some classes twelve blooms were required, in others six blooms. In one or two cases among the light ground flowers, and also among the yellow grounds, some pretty goud blooms were shown, but they were generally poor. What useful purpose these classes serve it is difficult to conceive. There was no lack of exhibitors and blooms ; but the best of the blooms appeared to attract but little attention. The yellow grounds wero the mofjt succoasfal from the artistic point of view. PLANTS IN POTS. There were two classes for groups of plants, one to fill a space of SO the other of 30 ft. The Ist prize in the larger class went to Mr. M. Smtth, who stagej specimens of superb cultura carrying fino heads of bloom, the leading varieties. Silver Strand, Banner, The Abbot, Mrs. Gascoigno, Kingussie, Miss Muud Sullivan, Florida, Britannia, Hamp- den, and Moscow, all Selfs of various shades, and the follow, ingfine yellow grounds : Xerxes, May Queen, Ilis Excellency, Orestes, Robin Hood, Laura, Beauty, Tlio Dey, with Andro- meda as a yellow Self. Mr. C. Turner was L'nd also with some finely grown specimens, mostly yellow grounds, Virgo and Primrose League predominating, with such Selfs as t'edric, Little John, Duchess of York, Waterwitch, A:c. In the smaller class, Mr. J. Douglas was 1st, having also fine plants of Mrs. Tate, B raw Lass, The Dey, Sadek, Presi- dent Carnot, Mephisto, Bendigo, a deep purple Self, Mrs. Colby Sharpin, a fine apricot Self, inc. The "Jnd prize wont to E. CffARRiNciTON, Esq., Mayficld, Chislehurst, who had well- grown and bloomed plants. The best twelve specimens in pots of any class came also from IMr. M. Smith, having Benares, Hall, Endymion, Mansfield, Gilda, Perseus, Xerxes, Cupid, Mrs. Tremayne, and others, finely grown and bloomed, though showing signs of the hot weather. Mr. C. Turner came 2nd, the best being Primrose League, George Cruikshank, The Gift, Tom Sayors, and others. Mr. J. Dout;L\s was 3rd. Specimen plants, with the exception of one of Paragon from Mr. M. R. S.mitu, which took the 1st prize, wero very poor, and no further award appeared to havo been made. TABLE DECORATION'S made a good feature, and there were eight Dinner Tables arranged as for twelve persons, the flowers Carnations of any class, with appropriate foliage and glasses. Mr. C. Blick, Mr. Smith's gardener, took the 1st prize, haviiig a central epergne and a tall trumpet glass on cither side, with smalt specimen glasses about them. Self and yellow ground Carnations of good »iuality were arranged with feathery asparagus, leaves of Caladium Argyrites, and Sniilax, all well proportioned, fresh, bright, and highly attnxctive. The 2nd prize table came from Jliss Jackson, Weston Hall, Upper Norwood, the fact of an award being made to it occasioned great surprise. Mr. F. W. Se»le, Nurseryman, Sevenoaks was a good 3rd, hi* table arranged much as Mr. Blu-k's. Mr. J. Douglas had the best Vase of Carnation blooms, a little formal in outline, as it looke J more like a bouquet : still it was deservedly awarded the 1st prize. Mr. C. Harden was 2nd. There were a good many sprays of Carnations in threes, the leading prizes going to those of large size and large blooms. Mr. C. Blick, w:isagaui Ist, having imdoubtedly fine blooms of Carnations, but much too large for the purpose ; Mr. F. W. Seai.e, was 2nd. There were plenty of buttonholes also, those formed of the soft white and yellow grounds being the most efTective. The Martin Smith special prizes, for flowers of Carnations from the opeii border brought .as usual a good competition. The best border variety of self-coloured Caraation was the bright scarlet Jim Smyth, a handsome bunch of which was shown by Mr. H. G. Smyth of Drury Lane, W.C. Mr. A. J. Sanders came '2nd with a white self-unnamed ; and Mr. P. L. Browne, Hallenbury, with a large pale scarWt^W. With six bunches ol seli-co\oured border Cjimatious, Mr. U. W. Weguelin, Tuignmouth, was 1st; Mr. Aubrey Spur- lino. Blackhoath, 2ad; and Mr. A. J. Sanders, 3rd ; but ;ill unmimed. With nine bunches Mr. Weguelin was again 1st; Mr. J. Douglas, 2nd ; and Mr. M. V. Charringtjn, Srd. SeedUogs were shown in great numbers, and the following Certificates of Merit were awarded to new varieties from Mr. Martin Smith. Miss Maud Sullivan rose self ; Endy- mion also a rose self, very fine ; Gilda, yuUow self ; Perseus, crimson self; Erin, white self of the finest quality ; Hidalgo, fancy white, we regard as the sensational flower of the year, so beautiful is it ; and the following fine yellow grounls -^ His Excellency Dragoman, having a heavy purj^le edge; Cai-ess, Empress Eugenie, Hygeria, Cupid, Mr. Mackrae, and Councillor. To Mr. H. Gegqik for Roseflake Crystal Rose; Mr. M. V. Charrisgion for Verna, a bright scarlet self ; to Mr. E. C. Sharpin, for Alice Mills, a beautiful yellow ground described by us Last week ; and to Mr. T. E. Henwood for Lord Wantage, a large pale yellow self ; and Mrs. Albert J. Palmer, a buff self. MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS. Mr. J. DouOL \s had a table of blooms of the new varieties he is sending out, such as Exile, a deep rose self ; Her Grace, delicate blush, becoming white ; Sir John Falst;iff, light crimson, large and full; Sweet Briar, pale scarlet, bloom of fine shape; Winifred, rich deep apricot, yet soft and pleas- ing ; Bendigo, a bluish-purple self ; Britannia, a deep yellow self ; Cardinal Wolsey, a fine yellow gro\ind ; Lady Ridley, white self; Mrs. Eric Hamhro, white; Miss Aiidrey Camp- bell, yellow ; Mi8§ Ellen Teny. white ; The Hunter, rich apricot ; and the following very fine yellow grounds :— El Dorado, Golden Eagle, Mr. Nigel, Voltaire. Xerxes ; also the foUowing novelties of the present year :- Black Prince, deep maroon pui-ple self; Distinction, rosy purple, shaded with deep purple ; Mogul Y. G., edged with deep red ; Mrs. Pat- rick Campbell, primrose self ; and Paradox, a bright scarlet self. Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, staged a large bank of attractive bunches of Carnations, and also of Pentstemons and other flower.s, which filled a great space— a bold feature. Nursery Notes. EDENSIDE CARNATIONS. It is immediately at'tei; the exhibition days of the Rose are past, that cue's atteution is taken by theCarna- tious and I'icotees. During July and August, but osp?- cially in tlie first-named niontlj, in gardens where these excellent border plants are given liberal and intelligent treatment, there is an abundance of blooms assured for cutting purposes, of so choice a nature that they are unexcelled for such purposes. During this month Carnations may be seen by everyone with but little difficulty ; but if anyone desire to see thousands upon thousands of blooms upon pot plants, all repre- sentative of the best new varieties (some of them so novel that at present, nor for some time to come, will they exist in gardens), let him " book to Bookliam," ou the London A: South-Western Railway, and in Mr. Jas. Douglas's collection will he be satisfied. Three span roofed houses, each 100 feet long, havo capacity for the accommodation of a great number of Carnations— nor is much room lost ; but, broadly speaking, from end to end in either house is a con- tinuous display of the very best vaiieties up to date. It is well known that Mr. Douglas limits not his collection to varieties that he has raised himself, successful though he has been in this interesting branch of horticultural pursuit, but the finest varieties that have responded to the skill of that eminent Carnation specialist, Mr. Martin H. Smith, are also contained therein. Doubtless it is open also for the reception of varieties from any other source, should they possess equal merit. The following varieties were noticed of self-coloured border Carnations to be sent out in the present year : Nabob (Smith), an orange-bull' flower, fairly distinct, and of good form and size, habit apparently strong, and not shy to flower. Blush tinted varieties are Her Grace (Smith), and Seagull (Smith), the former a large well-formed flower parsing to white, vigorous ; and the latter, possessing a bloom of fine form, main- taining the blush, and of vigorous habit. In Sir Jno. Falstaff (Smith! are seen fine full flowers of pale crimson, likely to be appreciated, it being an excep- tionally large flower, with a good calyx. Miss Maud Sullivan (Smith) is salmon y.inU, the flowers appeared to be good and full ; and the grass, though rather small, yet vigorous. The flowers of this variety were passing. A rich apricot-coloured flower is borne by Winifred, and being good in form, somewhat distinct, and the plant vigorous, it should be welcome, though there are others of nearly the same colour. Exile (Smith) and Sweet Briar (Smith), the former a rose self, and the latter pale scarlet, complete the list of the new ones from Mr. Smith, but flowers of these two we omitted to see on this occasion. Of the newest varieties of yellow-ground Picotees are those we now proceed to mention : Mr. Nigel (Douglas), a large bloom for this section, heavily edged with deep crimson, and doubtless a handsome acquisition. Xerxes (Smith), a flower with bright clear ground and rose margined ; also El Dorado (Smith), a very fine variety with large well-formed flowers, having rich yellow ground, prettily edged, and otherwise marked with bright rose. Voltaire (Smith), has very large flowers with bright ground, and margined and marked ■with rose. The remaining variety. Golden Eagle (Smith), as the name would appear to indicate, has a golden-yellow ground, the margins being of bright red ; the flowers are of good size and form. The undermentioned we noticed of the new varie- ties of selfs and fancies other than those raised by Mr. Smith : — Distinction (Douglas), a rosy-purple flower, thickly spotted with purple ; Mrs. Patrick Campbell (Douglas), a pretty and good flower of primrose-yellow, the petals being broad, and main- taining their form uncommonly well ; Black Prince (Douglas), a deep maroon-purple flower, having good, well-formed petals, a capital and distinct variety ; Mogul (Douglas) has extra large flowers, possessing a yellow ground, and marked efi'eotively with blood-red There are other new ones, viz., Garvillo Gem, described as a heliotrope-coloured flower ; and Paradox (Spurling), described as a bright scarlet variety. A new self-coloured border Carnation named Mrs. Douglas must not be omitted from these notes, as it will sure to be a very valued one, but it is not to be distributed until next year. The flowers are of very fine fjrm, of a handsome cherry-red in colour, and it apparently possesses a vigorous and free-blooming habit. This season's novelties we have now mentioned, excepting the excellent new forms of the Malmaison section which were not in flower. None of them are other than excellent, and each adds to the variety of its particular section. We say this without in the least implying that all of them are superior to varieties which already exist. It is well known that in yellow-ground Picotees, for instance, there is no variety for exhibition even now equal to Mrs. R. Sydenham, and the same may be true in other sections. However, as we havo said, all of the new ones possess some merits to recommend them. It would be too great a charge upon the reader's time as well as upon our limited space, to attempt to describe other varieties that were noticed in fine con- dition, and which are now in the hands of most Carnation lovers, but we may just mention the names of King Arthur, Bendigo, George Cruikshank, The Hunter, Cowslip, and Mrs. Dranfield, for they are remembered with greater vividness. All the plants at Edenside are grown well, but no thinning is practised, and in the place of a few exhibition blooms is seen many more of an average size, and therefore of a character less likely to mislead one. TcBEROOS Begonias, &c., at Forest Hill. The tuberous Begonias, in the improvement of which Messrs. John Laing & Sons have worked so cleverly and so successfully for many years, are now making their annual display in the large block of houses devoted to them at Forest Hill. In the iwo great divisions of these showy and useful, flowers, viz., the smgles and the doubles, it seems scarcely possible to surpass those now in bloom ; but still the firm is making provision to get better things among the 500,000 or so seedlings planted out in the open ground, and which will form a magnificent sight in the autumn. But not only on the improvement of their noted fine strain are they at work, for several totally new types are being carefully worked up, and in each class the representatives already in flower are not only beautiful in themselves, but foreshadow much greater things in the same direction. Of the most marked of the new types is the scented-flowerei Begonia, well represented by the large and richly- coloured B. Mar^chal Niel, whose flowers have a distinct Tea-Rose scent, which is more marked in the morning than in the evening in some of the class ; and the fringed Begonias, which have flowers resem- bling the best large single strain, but with beautifully and "closely-fringed and crimped edges to the floral segments. Some of these are white, with a broad rose-coloured margin ; some scarlet, others yellow 110 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 25, 1896. or white, and all are striking by reason of their fluelyformed and novel flowers. Other new classes which are being worked up are the crested Begonias, in wiiich each petal his a raised band down the centre, terminating iu a fringed tassel, the arrangement on the four-jietalled flowers taking the form of a cross. The basket Begonias, which form such lovely objects suspended iu green- house, conservatory, or portico ; the bedding Be- gonias, which so many gardeners find better than the bedding Pelargonium ; and these not only exhibit all the range of colour known in Begonias, but iu stature are adapted either for whole beds or for edging, some of the varieties being extremely dwarf, brilliant, and floriferous. The new set of 1896, it is claimed, is the finest set of Begonias ever sent out, and a brave array they make. Of the doubles, J. T. Bennett-Poii is a brilliant crimson variety of the Camellia-flowered class, and beautifully fringed ; Miss Russell is also a Camellia-flowered kind of a bright orange-scarlet ; Snowdrift, the finest of whites, as the Hon. Mrs. MulhoUand is of the prim- rose-coloured ; Lady Clifford of Chudleigh, is a large chrome-yellow ; Lady F. Fitzroy, light apricot ; Mrs. F. W. Soames, a noble salmon -scarlet ; Blush Queen, a charming light variety ; and Marchioness of Down- shire, rose-pink. Of the older, double-flowered kinds the best seamed to be Countess of Craven, a really line white ; Earl of Warwick, dark scarlet ; Duke of Fife, sdmon-rose ; Countess of Warwick, light scarlet ; Empress Frederick, rich rose ; Invincible, brilliant ciimson ; Mr.s. Hudson, cerise ; and TIjo Tremier, crimson-scarlet. Of tlie doubles for bedding, Duke of York, Stan- stead Gem, Laing's Golden Ball, Lafayette, Marquis of Statibrd, and Madame de TourtuU are excellent, and give the requisite colours. The new singles of 1896 are Earl of Esse.x, a mag- iiificeut orange-scarlet ; Viscount Grimston, erimson ; Sir Jolin Dorington, pink ; Lady Ampthill, salmon ; Lady Foley, light s=arlet ; Lady Wilkins, golden- bronze; Lord Aldenham, crimson-scarlet; and Mar- jorie Hoffman, a very fine rose. Of the older kinds were noted as very fine Countess Cowper, white ; Distinction, crimson ; Sir Chas. Pigott, orange-scarlet ; Mrs. Geo. Reynolds, salmon-rose ; Mrs. Arnold, yellow ; Grand Duchess of Hesse, pure white ; and Duke of p]dinburgh, dark crimson. In other houses all sections of Begonias are represented, tbere being a very fine stock of the Rex, or coloured-leaf class ; of the shrubby, both winter and summer-flowering, and Begonias of all sorts. In the other plant-houses is a very good selection of Orchids, both intermediate and cool-liouss^kinds, among those in bloom in the cool-house being the elegant Odontoglossum elegantulum, and another hybrid of soma affinity to 0. Coradinoi, but with traces of 0. triumphans; Lycaste Deppei, Masde- vallia Chima>ra, and other Masdevallias, Odontoglos- sum crisi)um, 0. Pesoatorei, Epidendrum vitellinum, kc. In the warmer houses with some Cattleyas were Ciiysis aurea, Dendrobium suavissimum, D. Dal- hou.sieanum, D. Aphrodite, and other Dendrobes ; Ai-ridei odoratuJii majus, Staidioi)ea oculata, Cypripe- dium superbiens, C. Curtis;, &c. In other houses was remarked a luagnificent display of a superb strain of Gloxinia3,^two of the most distinct varieties being Mr. Edridge,'a rich violet-plum colour, and Mrs. Edridge, white, with a dark violet-purple band round the segments. In the next house is a good show of Laing's strain of Streptocar,ius, which each year seems to approacii nearer to the Gloxinia, both in size and in variety of colour : and iu otlier warm houses are the almost innumerable varieties of Caladium, with their varied and charming foliage, as showy as any flowers for whicli the hrm is noted. In the green- houses is a fine show of scarlet Kalosanthes, white and yellow Marguerites, and other flowers of the season, and the decorative houses are well stocked with Palms of all sizes, B'ems, &c. Outdoors, the space is shared between the planted- out tuberous Begonias and the hardy herbaceous plants of the showy kinds, such as Phlox, Peut- stemous. Antirrhinums. Carnations, L>elphiniaiu?, &c., all of which are brilliant with flowers representing the best selections iu each class. A R K E T S. COVENT GARDEN, JULY 23. [We cannot accept any respuusibility for the subjoined reports, Tliey are furnished to us regul.irly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are respon.-^ible for the quotations. It must be remembered that tliese quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and the demand; and they may fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. Ed.1 Plants in Pots.— Averaqe Wholesale Prices. A Jiantuni, pei- doz. Aspidistra, per doz. — specimen, each Calceolaria, p. doz. Campanula, per doz. Cock's combs, doz. Coleus, per doz. ... Crassula, each Dracaena, each — various, p. doz. Evergreen Shrubs, in variety, doz.... Ferns, small, doz. ... Ferns, various, doz. Ficus elastica, each s. d. s. d. 4 0-12 0 V2. 0-30 0 5 0-15 0 4 0-60 tj 0-12 0 4 0-60 2 0-40 16-30 10-76 12 0-24 0 6 0-24 0 10-20 5 0-12 0 10-76 Foliage plants, doz. 12 Heliotrope, per doz. 4 Hydrangea, various per doz. .. .. 6 Ivy Geraniums per dozen Lilium Harrisii, pr. dozen pots Lobehas, per doz.... Marguerites, p. doz. Mignonette, p. doz. Palms, various, ea. — specimens, ea. Pelirgoniums, doz. — Scarlets,p. doz. d. s. d. 0-30 0 0- G y 5 0-18 0 4 0-60 9 0-18 0 3 0-40 6 0-10 0 4 0-60 2 0-10 0 0 6-84 0 0 0-10 0 8 0-60 Bedding Plants in variety. Cut Flowkrs. — Average Wholesale Prices. Arums, p. 12blooroa Bouvardias, per bn. Carnations, 12 bun. — 12 blooms ... i'ornflowors, p. doz. bunches Kuchaiis, per dozen Forget-me-nots, p, doz. bunches ... Gardenias, per doz. Cladiolus, doz.bun. Lilium llarrisii, per bunch ,. Maidenhair Fcni, per 12 bunches .. Marguerites, per 12 bunches ... Orchids :— Cattleya, 12blms. O dontoglossum crispum, 12 bai. Ori Fruit.— Apples, Suftielde, per sieve — Quarrcndcns, ^ sieve ... ... Aprieots, per doz. Cherries, Napo Icon?, J-sicve — Turks, do. ... — Flemish I'eds, do Currants, Black, A-sieve — Red, ^-sieve ... Figs, per doz. Grapes, Alieante,l8t quality, per lb. — Hamburgh, Ist quality, per lb. — Alicante, 2nd quality, per lb. — Hamburgb.2nd quUity, per lb. s. (/. s. d. S. d. s. d. 2 0-40 Mignonette, p. doz. 0 6-09 bunches 20-40 4 0-60 Pausies, doz. bun. 10-20 0 (»- 2 0 Pelargoniums, scar- T let, per 12 bun. 2 0-40 1 0- 1 6 : — per 12 sprays .. 4 0-60 2 0-40' Poppy, doz. bun. 0 6- 1 0 i Pyrethrums, 12 bu. 2 0-40 16-30' Roses, Tea, per doz. 00-16 2 0- 4 0 i — coloured, doz. 0 0-16 6 0-00' — yellow (Mare- i cbal), por doz. 2 0-40 2 0-40 — red, per dozen 0 6- 1 0 — red, don. bun. 4 0-60 4 0-80 — Gloire,d(»z. bn. 40-60 — Safrano, p. doz. 10-20 10-20 — Moss, doz. bms 06-10 Stephanotis, 12 sps. 16-20 6 0-12 0 Stocks, p. do/,, bun :'. 0-6 0 Sweet Pea.s, 12 bun. 16-30 2 0-60 Tuberoses, 12 blms. 02-04 iiio-BLOOU in variety. Average Wholesale Prices. s, d, s. d. s. d. s. d. Grape-5, GrosMaruc, 6 0-70 per lb 1 D- 2 6 — Gros Colmar, 4 0 per lb 2 0-26 10-20 — Muscats, Eng- lish, per lb. ... 2 6-30 12 0-14 0 — Muscat, Ghan- 9 0 10 0 nel Islands, p^r lb 16-20 4 0-50 Melons, each „. 20-26 Nectarines, 1st size 0-8 0 per doz. ... 12 0 4 0-46 — 2nd do., p. duz. 3 0- 6 0 6-3 0 Peaches, 1st size, per doz. .. 10 0 12 0 — 2nd do., doz. 3 0-40 — 3rd do., doz. 16 2 0 Pine-api'los. St. Aii- chuel, each ... 7 6-10 0 Plums, Early Rivers, per J sieve ... .^ 6- 6 0 16-20 16-26 10-13 10-13 Veg eta »LE8,— Average Wholesale Prices, Beans, Scarlet Run- ner, p. J-sieve — French, do, ... Marrows, VegeUible, j)er 5 doz. ta'ly... Mushrooms, per lb. — (Outdoor), per half-sitve s. d. 8. d. 0-10 0 0-13 4 0 6 0 Cucumbers, per dz. Peas, per sieve . . . Tomatos, home- grown, smooth, per doz. lb. ., — ordinary kinrls, per doz. lb.... .. d. s. d. 2 0-30 4 0-46 3 6-40 2 6-30 SEEDS. London ; Jul;/ :i-. — Messrs. Johu Kliaw & Sous, Seed Murchants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, Lomion, S.E , de- scribo to-day's market as poorly attended. Thei-o is, for the moment, scarcely any sowing demand, whilst all speciitition is quite dead. Hume-grown Trifolium. with diminislied offeriiig.s, is very firm. English Blue Peas, of this year's growth, are now showing. Holders of Trefoil exhibit extreme firmness. Canary seed has risen 2s, from the lowest point recently touched. White Mustard keeps steady. Buckwheat is dearer. Linseed slow. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Borough: Jitb/ 1:1.— Quotations : — Cabbages, 1^-. \jd. to 3s. per tally; Spinach, Is. 9d. to 2>. 3d. per bushel; Caidi- flowers, l.« O'f. to '.J.'', per dozen; Peas, 1^. 9d. to 3s. per bushel, and 3s. Hi/, to 4s. per bag ; Onions, English 6s. per tally ; Egyptian do., 3s. to Ss. 6rf. per cwt.; Portu- guese do., 6s. to 6s. per rase ; Carrots and Turnips, 2.5. 9d. to '33. per dozen bundles ; Marrows, Is. 6rf. to 2s. per dozen ; English Cucumbers, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Dutch do.. Is. *>d. to Ss. do. ; Lettuces, 2d. to 9d. per score ; Jersey Grapes, Is. to Is. Gd. per lb. ; Belgian do., 9rf. to Is. id. do, ; Tomatos, Enijlish, 4fl to 6d. per lb. ; Jersey do., af<;. to M. do.; Str,awberries, Is. Od. to 2s. Gd. per peck ; Currants, Red, .'«. to .is. Gd. ; do.. Black, 5s. Gd. to 6s. ; Gooseberries, Is. 6i(. to Ss. ; English CheiTies, 4s. Od. to Gs. 9d. per half sieve'; foreign do.. Is. Gd. to 2s. -Gd. per basket; Raspberries, ISs. to 20s. per cwt. ; St. Michael's Piiu-apples. 2s. to 3s. each ; Mushrooms, Sd. to Od. i>cr lb. ; Peaches and Apricots, 8ti. per box. SriTALFiELDS I Jidi/ 21.— Quotations :— Marrows, 3s. (i '. to 5s. per tally ; Peas, 2». Gd. to 3s. per bushel ; Scarlet Beans, 3s. Gd. to 4s. per bushel ; Broad do.. Is. 9d. to 2s. per bag ; Carrots, 2s. to 2«. Gi(. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Mint, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Parsley, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Cabbage, 4s. to 5s. per tally ; Onions, 2s. to 3.5. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Egyptian do., 2s. to 3s. per bag ; Cucumbers, 2s. Gd. to 3s. per dozen; Gooseberries, 2s. 6ti. to 3s. per half-sieve; Currants, red, 5s. to 5s. 6i(.do. ; do., black, 7s. to 8s. do. ; Raspberries, Is. 3(;. to Is. Gd. per pumiet. Stratfobd: JuIi/ 22. — Quotations : — Cabb!vges, 2s. to 3s. per t,aUy ; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. Cd. per dozen bunches ; M.in- gulds, 22s. Gd. to 25s. per ton; Onions, Egyptian, :i'. Oi(. to Is. Gd. per bag ; Apples, English, 3s. Gd. to 7s. per bushel ; Beetroot, Gd. to Sd. per dozen ; Parsley, Is. Gd. to 2s. por doz. bun. ; Spring Onions, 2s. to 2<. Gd. do. ; Salad, Is. tjrf. to 2s. do ; frame Cucumbers, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; Broad Beans, Is., tols. Gd per bag; do.. Scarlet, 4s. Gd. to 5s. per bushel ; Green Peas, 4s. to Gs. per bag ; Marrows, 3s. Gd. to 5s. per tally ; Gooseberries, 2s. Gd. to 3!. per half -sieve ; Uaspbcrries. KJs. to l.Ss. per cwt ; do., 2s. Gd. to 2s. '.li(. per dozen punnets ; CurrautJi, black, (is. to 6s. Gd. per half..sicvo ; do., red, 4s. to Gs. Gd. do. ; Cherries, 4s. to Ills, du, ; Tomatos, Guernsey, 2!. 6i(. to 3s. per dozen bales ; do., English, 5s. Gd. to 4s. per peck ; Pcai.s. English, 3s. Gd. to r«. per .sieve ; do., 2s. to 2.. inl. per half-sieve. Farringdon : Juli/ 2:!.— Quotations : —Cabbage, 4s. p^r tiiUy ; Scarlet Runners, 4s. 6((. por bushel ; Peas, 2s. Gd. per do. ; Beetroots, 4s per dozen bunches ; Carrots, 3s. do. ; Turnips, 4s. do. ; Lettuce, 2s. per score ; Marrows, Is. ed. per dozen : Parsley and Mint, 3s. per dozen bunches ; Pluni.*i, Ennch, JOs. per score (boxes) ; English, do. 7s. per half- bushel ; Gooseberries, 3». to 3s. Gd. do. ; Currants, Black, 8s. do. ; Kcd, 6s. do. ; Raspberries, Is. Gil. per case ; Tomatos, English, 3s. M. and 4s. per dozen pounds ; Cucumber, 2s. Gd. per dozen. The Weather. [The term "accumulated temperature" indicates the aggre- gate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of tempcraturo above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named : and this combined result is expressed in Day- dogreos — a '* Day-degree" signifying V continued for twenty-four hours, <^ir any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. a 5S Accumulated. m - v I « a ^ > P s 9 i?j S. Ft E s Rainfall. ^5 0,0 I &"'=' Ira no Bright Sun. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. 2 + lOli 0 -f 259 2 1- 118 0 + 273 1 -r 120 0 -1- 280 0 aver 131 0 + 237 1 -1- 132 0 + 290 2 -f 146 0 + anG 1 -f 112 0 + 294 1 -f 125 0 + 363 2 -1- 13D 0 + 386 1 + 113 0 -I- 317 1 -f- 125 0 -1- 380 2 -4- 143 0 + 461 Day- deg. - 318 - 241 - 222 - 229, - 247 - 240 - 228; - 26S - 206 - 233j - 210 - 109 lOths Inch. G - 3 - 134 101 83 87 82 77 IU 97 80 ,10'5 114 118-5 95 ,15-3 88 7-8 Ins. 28-9 16 11-7 36 81 30 9-7 43 9-3 39 8-1 62 21-2 32 14-8 47 24 32 ' 32 37 34 38 33 m I 40 22 30 33 34 68 47 to The districts indicated by number in the first column are the foUowiog :— Scotland, N. Principal Wheat-prodncing BialricU— 1, ScotUand. E. ; 2, England, N.B. ; 3, Engl-and, E. ; 4, Midland Counties ; 5, England, including London, S. rrinciiml Orozina. &<:., Dislricis — G, Scotland, W. i 7, England, N.W. ; S, England, S.W. ; 9, Ireland, N. ; 10, Ireland, S. ; "Channel Islands. July 25, 1896.] THE OAR DE NEBS' GHRONIGLE. Ill THE PAST WEEK, The following summary record of the weather throughout the British Islands fur the week ending July 18, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weatho' diu-iug this period wa ' fine and dry over the Kingdom as a whole, -but w;i3 somewhat unsettled, with occasional i-ain on our extreme north and north west coast, while over 'England, E. audS.E.,' a temporary change to cool rainy weather occurred suddenly on Wednesday or Thursday, accompanied in many places by thunder and lightning. "The tempera' ure \\\&t equalled the mean in ' England, E,,' but waa one or two degrees above it elsewhere. The highest of the maxima were recorded during the earlier days of the week, where they ranged from fi.S' in ' England. E.,' s7 in ' Kngland, S. ,' and 8.'t' in the 'Midland Counties,' to 74" in 'Scotland, N.,' and T'2^ in 'Scntland, W.' The maxima registered on Thursday over the south-eastern counties were very low for the season, the readings at Cimbridge and in London being about 30'' lower than those of Tuesday. Tho lowest of the minima occiuTcd un rather irrcgidar dates, but principally during the latter half of the peiiod ; they rniiged from 4(1'' in "Scotland. E. and England. E.,' and W in ' Ireland, N.,' to 4.0' in ' Scotland, N. and England, S./ and to b-l" in the ' Channel Islands.' "The ra(;i/"((?/ was considerably less than the mean in all dist icts. '>\cr the western parts tf England rain was mtirelyabscnt, andin the 'Midland Counties, England, N.E. and the Channel Islands,' tlie fall was extremely slight. " Tlie bri'jlit mnshiiie c^ccQdcd the mean in most districts, but was deficient in 'Scotland N. and W..' as well as in 'Ireland, N. and England, N.E.' The pcrcontase of tho [lossible duration ranged from GU in ' England, S.W.,' and tiS in tho 'Channel Islands' and from 52 in 'England, S./ to^O in 'England, N.E,' I'l in 'Ireland N.,' and to Hi in Scotland. N. " Jerusalem Artichokes. TLe feeding iniali- ties of the Jcnisalcdi Articliuke have been discuvered by a correspondent of the Pvartlcal Fnrm»r (Cape of Good Hojie). Ho coininenced feeding iiis hugs with them, and noticed in a short time that tiiey were gain- ng rapidly in growth and fle.sh, and ho gave them no ec)rn till in thi' hnishing process, when he afforded a little. He found that he liad put the swine on the market at less cost than ever before, and that there was money in them when fed on Artichokes. The tops of tho plant are useful a^ fodder, cattle eating thota readily. Some growers claim to have raised 1000 bushels of tubers per acre, but 600 bushels is considered a good crop ; and an acre will keep from twenty to thirty head of swine through the winter months. The Artichoke is a plant which the do pressed farmer and landowner in this country might also find "money in." E N QUI R Y. " He that questunuth vuu-hshall Imrii mx^h," Bacon-, Ihe Litcuee (p. 742, last volume).— Dr. Frau- ceschi, Santa Barbara, California, writes to say that plants of Nepheliuni Litcbee can be supplied in quantities by him. Booiis: IV. B. M. The best work is Mr. F. W Burbidge's, The Propai/aHvn and Improvement . feet. The net at the sides should measure 3i feet, and in the middle 3 feet in height. Service-line is 21 feet ' distant from net. 'Maidenhair Fern to Preserve : ir. ttSons. Dry in the ordinary manner between sheets of Herbarium paper under pressure, changing the sheets of paper twice a week till the s:ip in the frond is absorbed, then secure with narrow strips of thin paper laid across the stipes and branchlet of the frond. To give to Fern fronds that are to be used in vases, &c., the desirable softness and natural ^racefrrlness, they should, after drying, be laid in a vessel of suf- ficient dimensions to accommodate them when laid straight and flat, containing a mixture of equah parts, spirit and glycerine. Here tho fronds- should remain immersed till they are saturated, and then hung in a sli.idy place to become dry. Tho spirit cvaporat cs wliil-t the glycerine remains in the substance of tho frond. The glycerine dues not prevent the colouring of the fronds if that is desired. Names of Fruits : /. //. /. Peach : The fruit was pounded nearly to pulp, but judging from general appearances it is probably Early Rivers, one of the finest Peaches known. Names of Plants : Correspondcnti not ansiecred in this issue arc requested to be so (jood as to consult the folloiiinr/ number. — C. L. ,S'. Lilium sulphureum Baker, Botanieal Mu'Juzine, t. 7257. Only known in Upper Burma. J. G. B. — Joltn Elliot, Jan. Inula salieifolia, habitat Russia. — W. S. Dios- pyros Lotus, Linn. — H. J. 11. Bad specimens, all withered ; we guess them to be — 1, Nas- turtium palustre ; 2, Polygouum Convolvulus ; 3, Scutellaria galericulata ; 4, Nasturtium sil- vestre ; 5, Sium angustifolium : ti, Barbarea vul- garis -. 7, Pastiuaca sativa ; 8, withered beyond recog- nition ; 5, Erigerou canadensis. — E. S. J. 1. A pretty variety of Oncidium Lanceanum ; rather small, but bright in colour. — Ti. IK. X>. It is im- possible to give the names accurately without seeing flowers, but those specimens sent may be — 1, Bra-ssia species ; 2, Oncidium sphacelatum ; 3, Dendrobium Pierardi ; 4, Epidendrum fragraus ; 5, with flower is Trichopilia ti.rtilis. — U'. T. T., Eastbourne. All withered, and hardly recognisable. 1, Caucalis Authriacus ; 2, Sison amomum ; 3, Silaus prateusis ; 4, Chan'ophyllum tomulum. — • ir. D. 1, Cryptomeria japouica var. spiralis ; 2, Ciipressus (Retinospora) obtusa var. lycopodioides ; 3, Picea excelsa clanbrassiliana ; 4, Libocedrus chilensis ; 5, Finns cembra nana ; 6, Abies brachy- phylla, probably. — No name. Carnations, fair ; and Catalpa bignonioides. — Old Kewile, Belgium. Brassavola cordata. — E. N. — Polygonum cuspida- tum. — iV. €'. Specimens very bad (except Echi- nops), and withered when received ; we do our best. 1 and 2, Ferns ; 3, Thalictrum sp. ; 4, a Geranium ; 5, Echinops spluerocephalus ; 6, Ery- threa Centaurium. —G. B. 1, Catalpa bignonioides ; 2, Cornus mas vai-iegata ; 3, Abies iiobilis ; 4, specimen insufficient : 5, Prunus Pissardi ; 6, Acer japonicum.— /". IT. 5. Please address such questions to the editor, not to the publisher. 1, Juglans nigra ; 2, Ailanthus glandulosa ; 3, Abies nobilis, good specimens, carefully packed, thank you.— (7. G. 1, Nepeta cataria ; 2, Lathyrus aphaca ; 3, Medicago lupulina ; 4, Bupleurum rotundifoliuui. National Daulia Society : Enquirer. The Secretary is Mr. T. W. Girdlestone, M.A., Sunningdale, Berks. The. date of the Dahlia show will bo given iu our list of appointments for September. Peach Si-lit at the Stone : /. W. This arises pro- bably from imperfect fertilisation. Prunis Pissardi: T..I. The proper name for this is P. cerasifera var. atropurpurea. It is a purple-leaved form of the Myrobalau Plum. It might lie used for culinary purjioscs or for dessoit. but the flavour is only i^f moderate quality. It produces fruit commonly, and now that the plauts are getting older, may be expected to do so freely. Sai.safy : .1. B. C. In a collection of nine distinct kinds of vegct;iblcs, supposing that ten points re- presented the highest number, first-class Salsal'y would take fewer than Intermediate Carrots, say as three are to five, if the latter were equally'good. Seedling Carn.vtions : Mrs. M. C. Most of tho flowers you send us are good ones, especially those numbered one, two, and three. Evidently the seed supplied by the National Carnation Society has been selected with care ; it is only one in a very large number of seedlings, however, that can be expected to be better than all existing varieties. Souvenir de r.\ Malmaison Carnation : 7^. Ji.B If your plants are one, two, or three years old, you may rejuvenate them by layering the shoots around the mother plants, leaving them iu situ, when furnished with roots ; or you may cut the shoots hard back, and thus get them to make new shoots close at home. Strawberries: P.C. Mjatfs Seedling is synonymous with Filbert Pine, an excellent variety and very prolific, taking the place of British Queen where that one does not succeed. It is late. Myatt's Prolific is the same as Wonderful, a tender, sweet, yet briskly- flavoured variety, which forces well. Aberdeen Favourite (seedling ?) is the same as Rosebery, a large-fruited, coniial-shaped berry, hiving a diirk-red skiu, almost black, when the fruit is ripe, and deeply-imbuddcd seeds. We do not know tho name of the raiser. Wasp-destrovino Paper : G. W. E. Enquire of the large " horticultural sundriesiuen." COMMUNICATIONS Rkceived. — H. F. — Dr. Zicharias. Ham- burgh.—T. P. R.— IT. P. Hedrick, OreKoo— E. A., Geneva. — G. P.— W. E. G.-M. B., Middclliui-g.— H. J. W., Florida. — D T. F. -C. S. — H. K. B.— Li. L., Brussels.— H. Y. T.— E. C— J. Lain^j ct Sons.— J. Irvine. — M. Linden.— F. D. N". — E. L— K. S — F. W. B.— W. G.-C B.— W. P.— U. W.— J- .McI— G. W.— J. D.— 1).— W. k Co.— T. Fenton.— Otto Forster.- U. S.— G. S. J.— II. C. F.— R. Dunlop.— W. Kelly (shortly).— E. Thorn is. -H. Becker. Jersey. Photooraphs. SPEcrMENS. &c.. Received ivrru Th\nks. — Dr. FrancescUi, S.inta B:irbarx. — W. M. CONTINUED INCREASE in Ihe CIRCUL.iTION OF THE " GAllUENERS' CHRONICLE." Important to AovEBrisERS. — Thi Ficblisher luts the satis- Jactioii n/anii'^itnciiiy tliat the circulation of the " Gardeners' Chroiudc " hi-, sin:-: the, ecduclion in the pricf: oj the paper, lacreasei to the extent of more than 93 per cent., and that it CDntinues to increase weekly. Advertisers are reminded th\ 1- light 4 ft. by 6 ft... 2 8 ft. by 6 ft... 3 12 ft. by 6 ft... 4 16 ft. by 6 ft... 5 20 ft. by 6 ft... 6 24 ft. by 6 ft... £ s. d. (2 0 0 8 0 0 4 2 6 5 5 0 6 7 6 7 10 0 CO., GREEN'S "SILENS 'f&W PATENT MES80R" LAWN MOWERS ''GARDEN ROLLERS They are the only Mowers which have secured the Koyal Warrant, and are the FIRST, FOREMOST, AND BEST IN THE WORLD. Illustrated Price ^ Lists Free. SILENS UESSOR' MOWER. THOS. GREEN & SON LIMITED, LEEDS & LONDON. They can be had of all respectable IronmoogarH and S<- edsmen in the United Kingdom. Beware of Deceptive Imitations. ILLUSTRATED OATALOGITE FKEE. W, JoNBs' Treatise, " Heating by Hot-water," Second Edition, 216 pages and 9S Engravings, 2i. 6d. nett ; per post, 2f . lOd, JONES &^TTWOOD sJ ^^ ' Stourbridge GLASS! GLASS! CHEAP GLASS! 4ths. 16 oz., in 50-feet boxep. Sizes from 10x8 up to 14X 10, at is. Bd. per box. 4ths. 21 oz., in lUO-feet boxes, Sizes, 10x8 and 12x8, at 8f. per box. 3rds, 21 oz., in 200-feet boxes, Sizes, 9x7 up to 14x10, at 185. per box. Ex wharf, London. AU other sizes equally cheap. Full detailed list of stook sizes sent free on application to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, BisHOPSQiTE Street Within, London, E.C. £5. 5s. "LUDGATE" WATCH BEATS ALL OTHERS FOR ACCXJBACy, DDRABILITT, and PItlCE. 60 o O to Cl to b t« pi Send for Book of niaatrationa and Frleei, post-free. BEIfSON'S 5000 at Lowest Makers' Trices, setwithBrilliaDts.Emeralds.Pearls, ENOAOEMENX Kubies, Opal. Turquoise, &o., of the purest quality. Book of Illu^t-a- tions, with Fatte'n Sizes, post free. KINQS. J. W. BENSON, Thb Steam Factoby, 62 and 64, LTTDGATE HILL, E.C, And at 28, BOYAL EXCHANGE, E.C. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, and CYLINDERS, AND ALL QABDEN SUNSBIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST From the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH ST., DRURY LANE, W.C. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, Conservatories, Greenlioii-e , Vineries, Peach Houset^, Stove uud Orchid Houses, &c. Lowest Prices possible. W. RICHARDSON & CO., DABLINGTON. Also Heating Appaia'us complete. THE SYDNEY MAIL, HEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS :— INTERCOLONIAL and GENEEAL NEWS, SPORTING and the FIELD, in which ia inoorponted BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES and NOTES On the TUB! . CRICKET and AQUATICS. THEFLORAof AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engr»T«d ••peot- ally for this Journal,) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE. PASTORAL, HORTICULTUBB. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ABTI0LES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTBAUAM AUTHORS, THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS, THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME OIBOLB. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide oircolation thronghont the Australian Colonies. New Zealand. Polynesia. &o. It contain! a large amount of information on a great variety of sabjectt. Bubscrlptlon In Advance, £1 6b. per Annnm. Single Copies, 6<^,; Stamped. Id. Pablishing Offioe — Hunter Street, Sydney, New Soath Walea. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:— LoiCDOK Messrs. Geo, Street * Co,, 30, Comhill, E,C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane. Lombard Street, E,C. Messrs. Gordon ft Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs, W, H, Smith & Son, 186, Strand, BBI8T0L James and Henry Grace, Royal Inaurance Buildings, ManoHESTBR.,, James and Henry Grace, T3. Market Street. Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Forteoua ti Co., 16, Royal Exchange Place, ^P* Copiet of each Journal are filed at the above Office* for the we of Advertitert. Bgrtailtiiml Sconomifit An ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE, of 62 pages and cover. Eiponentof scientific and high farming ; advocate of co-operation in agriculture, in the supply of farm requisites, and the sale of produce; organ of the Agricultural and Horti- cultural Association, the pioneer society for mutual supply of pure oilcakes, complete manures, reliable seeds, and imple- ments on wholesale terms. Specimen copy free. Subscription, per annum, S«,. inclusive of postage. Single copies id. each, through all Newsagents. 3. AgarStreet. Strand. London. W,0. TECHNICAL HORTICULTURE. COUNTY COUNCIL LECTURES. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF aABDEN OPEBATIONS. Will be useful to Lecturers and Students in the above subject. Price Sd.: poet-free, Z\d. 11, WELLiyfGTON STREET. STRAND. W.C. E WING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION. — The original, certain, and safe remedy. In bottles. If. 6efes>ence SKaves. The REALISABLE ASSETS in Gnerpsey alone (apart from Goodwill), as certified by Messrs. Furber, Price & Farber, and Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, are upwards of £68,000. No Debenture Issne. Ample Working Capital provided and £10,000 additional for extending the operations of the Company in Reserve. Annual Net Profits £11,120, see Report by A. A. Teatman, Esq., Chartered Accountant. CHANNEL ISLANDS PRODUCE COMPANY, LIMITED. (Incoi'iiorated iiiider the Coiiiranies Acts, 1862 to ISW.) ' CAPITAL £I50|000, divided into 15,000 Fiveand-a-Half per Cent. Cumulative Preference Shares of £5 eaeli. The Preference Shares will tie the First Capital Cliarge upon the llnfiertakiiif;, anil no Dehentures or Debenture Stock ran be created without the sanction of a majority of the PREFEUENCE Sliareholders present at a Meeting specially convened. .\nd 75,000 Ordinary Shares of £1 each, of which the 15,000 Preference Shares are offered for Subscription. Payable 5s. on Application, 15b. on Allotment, and the Bahtncc in calls, not exceeding £1, at internals of not less than One Month. The whole amount may be paid on Allotment, the Shares ranking for l)ividend from the date of payment. TRADE APPLICATIONS WII.I, JtECElVE PBIOBITX OF ALLOTJIEXT. DIRECTORS. AKTHUU KN'OPWOOD, Esq. (,ChuinjMn), 443, Strand, London, W.C. JOHN POAT, Esq., Guernsey. W. UNWIN, Esq., Covent Garden, London, W.C. THOMAS VERNON, Esq., Guernsey. Tlie Directors' qualifloation is £500 in Ordinary Shares. BANKERS. LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, Lothbury, E.C., and Branches. COMMERCIAL BANK OF GUERNSEY. SOLICITORS. London— HENRY P. SPOTTISW( " iliE. Esq., 32, Craven Street, W.C. Guernsey— CECIL CAREY, Esq. STOCK-BROKERS. London— A. HARDIE JACKSON, Esq., 1, Copthall Court, E.C., and Stock Exchange. Manchester— Messrs. PIXTON & COPPOCK, Stock Exchaut'e. LIVEIIPOOL— FRANK BIGLAND, Esq., 28, Exchange Street E.xst. BiBMiNOHAM— DAVID WHITEHEAD, Ess! , Unity Buildiuas, 14, Temple Street. FRUIT-BROKERS. Olascow— MEi.'^KS. SIMONS, JACOBS * CO. (^Messrs. CARCI A. JACOBS /tCO., Covtnt Garden). M.vxchester- Messrs. ELIAS FARRAND & CO., Sniithlield Market. AUDITOR.— A. A. YEATMAN, Esq., 2, Oresliam Buildings, E.C., Chartered Accountant. SECRETARY AND REGISTERED OFFICES (pro tern.). Mr. ARTHUR F. HOOPER, 2.i, Budge Row, E.G. PROSPECTUS. This Company lias been formed to acquire, amalgamate, and develop tlic trade cif rertaiu Well-known Fruit, Flower, and Ve^^etable producing prc^perties in Guernsey. To aetniire and carry on in eonnection therewith the business of Salesmen, and likewise to jirovide facilities for the eollection of produce in the Channel Islands, act as Wholesale Cual and Manure Merchants, antl generally to promote ami mpanise the welfare of this vast yet growing industry. Fur the pnrpuse of theC'omiiany a careful selection of some asis of last year's crop it is estimated that they shoidii yield aliont 000 tons of Tomatoa and 40 tons of (Jrapes, in additioti to many thousjinds of baskets oiul boxes of French Beans, Vegetables, Flowers, Fi'uit, Ac. The expense of working these properties wlien amalgamated, it is anticipated, will show a great saving. The Company, by undertaking the systematic collection of pre cUccteil, among which inny be noted t!ic cost of freight and material, such as coal and manures. Hitherto every grower has shipped his own fruit in comijaratively small quantities, :ind consequently is eompelKd not only to add cart;ige to the expense of growing, but additi(ui:d shipping and railway cliai:ge3 which often, Tender these eonditiims, absorb a large proportion of the prutit. The Company by undertaking the collection, avoid this to small growers, and at the same time inHuence the consignment into their own liamls. This will not only give them a considerable profit, but will keep tliem in idoser touch with the nnirket and enabh; them to some extent to regulate the sni>ply in accordance with the demand. The importance of this tran be appreciated when it is considered that in the item of Tomatos alone, the variation in price is from 2s. Crf. to 23^^ a lb. The produce from the various proper; ies about to be acquired by the Company is well- known on the London Market, and has always been disposed of at good and remunerative prices. The Company will not only be a very large consumer of coals and manun.-s, but it will also luidcrtake the selection ai«l sale of them to other growers, and owing to their advantages in buying this should also prove a valuable addition to the profits. Another saving will be effected in this direction, as owing lu the thousands of tons whii-h the Company will purchase, they will^be able to obtain the supply on nmch better terms. As these items are among the heaviest f)f a grower's expenses a material increase to the annual profits is eusured upon the Company's own consumption quite apart froir any profit on sales. Mr. William Entwisle, one i_if the most experienced and successful growers of Guernsey, has agreed to act as General Manager of the Company's business tl«re for a term of five yeani, upon advantageous conditions. In addition to this, Mr. John Poat, whose name stands eminent among Guernsey proprietors, in conjunction with Mr. Thomas Vernon, have consented to join t!ic Board of Directors, and will reside in the Island. Their practical business experience will always be locally avaihible. The acquisition of the market business in London will enable the Directors to save by far the greater part of the Brokerage and Commission on the sale of produce, which is from 7J per cent, to 10 per cent. ; U\ that extent adding to the protit derived from the sales. It is further anticipated that a considerable i)rolit will be realised upon sales made on account of other growers, to whom special facilities, owing teen paid to the quality of the various soils, and most of the lands selected are particularly rich, even in comparison with the rich soils of Guernsey. All the selected i)ropertics are in excellent heart and condition. Our valuation of these Properties amounts to £68,085 6s. 4»/., classified as follows ;— The freehold of the land, with boundary walls and rights of water sujiply, £ s. rf. houses, buildings, glass houses, heating and pumping api^aratus, engines and fixed plant 53,655 3 7 Loose plant, utensils, live stock and crops 14,430 2 9 Making a total of . £68,085 6 4 Some of these Pi-qierties have, in our opinion, additional value as building land, or pro- spective bnilding land, but in no ease have we made our valuation upon that ba.sis, but have restricted ourselves to tuch a figure as, having regard to soil, position, and other advantages, the lands are worth for horticultural purposes. We are, Gentlemen, Your id}edient servants, Fl'rber, Pkice Ar Furber, Protheroe & Morris. Mr. A. A. Yeatrnan (Fellow of the Institute of Chart».-re«l Accountants), has made a per- sonal visit to and investigated the Guernsey properties, together with Mr. Unuin's business in l^judon, and his report \a as follows :— "2, Gresimm Buildings, Basinghall Street, *' Dear Sirs, " London, E.C., 22nd June, 1890. " I have visited the pro]Kji-ties in Guernsey i>roi>osed to be acquired by this Company, and have carefully invt'Stigatecnse9 of management, repairs and dei>rpciation, "This protit makes no allowance for any increase in the out-put of the properties, nor for income from any other of the sources antici'jiated by you. " Yours faithfully, "(Signed) A. A. *VEATM.\N', Chartered Accountant." The Vendor has fixed the Pmriiasc price at £140,000, of which the whole of the Onlinary Shares Oess the 10,¥ds pi(oi>xjce: coivxPAi^^y^, r^imitea, oAPi'TAHi £i50,ooo. Divided into 15,000 Five per cent. Cumulative Preference Shares of £5 each (Preferential as to Capital as well as Dividend), and 75,000 Ordinary Shares of £1 each. To the Directors of THE CHANNEL ISLANDS PRODUCE COMPANY', Limited. Gentlemen,— Having paid to your Bankers, the sum of £ , being a deposit of 5s. per Share on Application for Preference Shares of £5 each in the above Conipany, I hereby request that you will allot to me that number of Shares, upon the terms of the Prospect\is of l7th July, 1896, and subject to the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the said Company, and I agree to accept such Shares, or any less number you may allot me, and to pay 15s. per Share on Allotment, and the subsequent instalments when due, and I authorise you to place my name on the Register of Members for the Shares so allotted to me, and I agree with the Company as Trustee for you and other persons who may be liable, t waive any fuller compliance with Sec. 38 of the Companies Act, 1867, than as contained in the said Prospectus. Name in full.. Address,. Professioti or Business.. Date.. Usual ySignature., 114 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 25, 1896. GREENHOUSES, CUCUMBER -FRAMES, SASHES, GABDEN-LIGHTS, ADd all kinds of HORTICULTUBAL WOOD-WORK and SUNDRIES. Also WREATH, CROSS, and FLOWBB-BOXBS of every description. Special Line in QARDEN-HOSE. Portable and other POULTRY -HOUSES. Write for Prices to — EDWARD TAILBY, Ai^XANDBA Sawing, Pla-ning, and Moulding Mill3» SUMMBR BOW. BIRMIWaHAM. ENTS ! TENTS ! ! TENTS ! ! ! — I have purchased 5000 ARMY TENTS (40 ft. circumference), scarcely used. Complete with poles, pegs, and lines. Cost £6 each. Will send any number, carriage paid, for 28». each ; inferior qualities, 225. and 24«. each. Cash with order ; can be sent on approval. Specially adaptable for sportiDs; and pleasure purposes. TWO JUST SUPPLIED TO BUCKINGHAM PALACE. The following unsolicited testimonial is one out of many hundreds weekly : — *' April 29, 1896. Dear Sir,— Accept my thanks for the tentB, safely received to-day. I am very pleased with them. " F. H. Hill. Duddingaton Park, Portobello, Midlothian.' MARQUEES for Flower Shows, Sports, &c.— Made of best Tent Canvas, 30 feet by 16 feet, with Poles, Pegs, Runners Lines, Mallets, and Bags, all complete, ready for use, cash £14. cost £3<3. ANDREW POTTER, Melbourne Works, Wolverhampton. SAVE HALF THE COST. MMgi BEDFORDSHIRE COARSE AND FINE SILVER SAND Is admitted by the leadingNurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Bay Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half tha ordinary cost. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders eiecuted unth the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GABSIDE. Jan.. F.R.H.S., Lelfhton Bnzzard, Beds. KILL-M-RIGHT Certain cure for Blight, and all Insect Pests, without injury to plants. Once tried, always used. Sample Tin, 2 lb., free by Post, on receipt of P.O. for 2i.l0rf. Price LIST and testimonials on application. The STOTT FERTILISER & INSECTICIDE CO., Barton House, Manchester. ISHURST COMPOUND, xiaed since 1859 for Bed Spider. Mildew. Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, 1«., St.. and lOf. Qd. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, Qd, and li., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. ORCHID PEAT.— Dry and prepared, 5«. 3rf. per bag, on rail ; 15s. per cubic yard, in 12-yard trucks* BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 3s. 3d. per bag ; 10». per cubic yard. WALKER AND CO.. Poole. Dorset. The Beat Present for a Gardener. INES AND VINE CULTURE. The moat complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published , Third Edition justout. Price &«.; post free, 6s. 6(i. A. F. BARRON. 13, Sutton Court Road, Chiswiok. Established 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, SOUTHAMPTOM BUILDIHOa, CHAKOEHT LAKE. W.O. TWO-AND-A-HALF per Cent. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demaDd. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT AOOOUNTS. on the mini- mum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEFARTMBNT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows interest at the rate of TWO-AND- A-HALF PER CENT, per annum on each completed £1. BIRKBECK BUILDIMQ SOCIETT. HOW TO PUBOHASK A HOUSE FOB TWO aUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETT. HOW TO PimCHASK A PLOT OF OBOUND FOB FIVB BHILLINOS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with fall partioolara, post- Ire*. FRANCIS BATBN80BOFT, Manager. V ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S EXAMINATIONS IN GARDENING. " Coaohing " by Correspondence arranged for in- tending Candidates unacoustomed to write papers. Fees moderate, to suit Practical Gardeners. COLVILE BROWNE, F.R.H.S., HeztaUe. Kent. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Geo. Wittv, recently Foreman in East Dene Gardens, Bonchurch, I.W.. as Head Gardener to J. S. H. Henry, Esq., at same .iddress. llr. WiLLlAii Wright, for the past four years general Fore- man in the Forestry Department at Castleboro, Eonis- corthy, has been appointed Manager to the Earl of Rosse, Birr Castle, Parsoustown, King's County. THE CURATOR of the Sheffield Botanical and Horticultural Society THANKS those APPLICANTS who replied lo his advertisement, and desires to inform them that the POST IS NOW FILLED. A^^'. METCALFE begs to THANK the • numerous APPLICANTS tor JOURNKTMAN'S SITUA- TION, and to say the VACANCY is NOW FILLED. WEAVER, The Gardens, Oakley Hall, • Basingstoke, begs to THANK the 78 APPLICANTS for FOREMAN'S SITUATION, which is NOW FILLED, and regrets that he cannot find time toieply to each one separately. WANTED in a Market Nursery for Growing Fruit, Sec, under Glass. WORKING PARTNERSHIP, or MANAGEMENT, with view to same, by one with thorough practical and theoretical training. — K. K., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, HEAD GARDENER, 22?. a week and lodge. Lodge-gate to be attended to. Three other men. Melons. Vines, Toroatos. Kitchen and Flower Gardens. — Bev. ARTHUR TOOTH, Woodside, Croydon. ANTED, HEAD -WORKING GAR- DENER, who thoroughly underataDds Flower Garden, Kitchen Garden, and Fruit Trees. -Apply to G. McCORQlTO- DALE, Rossway, Berkhamsted. WANTED, a strong, active young MAN, as UNDER GARDENER, where only two are kept. Af;e about 'Jl to 2.^. Must have had some previous experience. Wages, 20s. to begin with. — Apply, LEIGH HOLME. Leigham Avenue, Streatham, S.W. ANTED, GARDENER (Third), with knowledge of Orchids, Ferns, and Stove Plants. State experience and wages.— E. ASHWORTH, Harefield Hall, Wilm.slow, Cheshire. ANTED, FOREMAN for General Glass Department. Must beafirstclass Propagator oE Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. State age, experience, and wage required.— PENNELL and SONS. Lincoln. ANTED, FOREMAN, not under 25 years, for Inside. Well up in Fruit and Plants, Early and Late Forcing, aUo House and Table Decoration.— State expe- Tienoe where gained, to J. WITTY. East Dene Gardens, Bonchurch, I.W. ANTED, for the Trade, an ORCHID FOREMAN. Good wages given.— Apply T. C. M.. Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a good MAN, as PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants, Cut Flowers, Fruit for Market ; also with good knowledge of helping to Build up New Place. Good references. — J. M., 6. Market Place, Leicester. WANTED, strong, active, young MAN for Flower and Kitchen Garden. Bothy and vegetables found. — State age and experience, with copies of testimonials only, to LEWIS JORDAN, Holdenby House, Northampton. WANTED, smart energetic MAN, about 22, principally to attend to plants, &c.. in various London Clubs and Hotels. — Apply, by letter only, to I. J. HOBDEN AND CO., 52. Great Queen Street, W.C. WANTED,a INI AN accustomed to Propagation of Heaths in large quantities. State where previously employed, and wages required.— Apply to K. ROCHFORD, Mill Lane Nurteries, Cheahunt, Herts. WANTED, steady, industrious MAN, single, to grow Maidenhair Fern. Chrysanthemums, and Tomatos. One who has been accustomed to Grow for Market. —State wage, Stc. to RIDSOALE BROS., East Keswick, Leeds. WANTED, TWO young MEN, with know- ledge of General Market Nursery Work.— State age, wages, experience, with references, to C. E. AND F. W. LILLEY, St. Peter's-in-the-Wood, Guernsey. ANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, not under 22, to take the lead Inside and Out ; capable of attending to houses, watering, and mowing. Duty every other week. Wages, 17s. per week.— Full particulars to ALFRED CHILD. Catesby House Garden?, Daventry. ANTED, AT ONCE, a reliable MAN not under 25, to superintend Flower Garden, and must have a good knowledge of Potting and Growing. Only those who have tilled similar places need apply, stating refer- ences and wages, to Mrs. HARVEY, The Oliff, 8hauUin,I.W. WANTED, a good, steady GARDEN LABOURER.— Married, without family. Wife to attend to Park Gates, Wages 14.s'. per week, and House. — Apply to Messrs. NEWMAN and NEWMAN, Land Agents, 33 and 34, Savile Row, London, W. WANTED, a young MAN, handy at Painting and Glazing, and accustomed to Nursery-work under Glass. Constant employment to suitable band, — Apply, stating particulars of previous employment, wages required, Sec, to TH03. BUTCHER. The Nurseries. South Norwood, WANTED, as CLERK, a MAN of strict integrity, who has had several years' experience in Nursery Work, and can produce first-claaa testimonials. Married man preferred. — State particulars, &c., to G. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. WANTED, a SHOPMAN, with knowledge of Garden and Farm-seeds. State age, expsrience, and salary required.— H. DSVERILL, Banbury. Bulb, Seed, and Plant Trade. WANTED, INVOICE CLERK.— Must be good writer. Salary 'Jos. per week. — Apply by letter, stating experience. &c., BARR ani> SONS (private), 12, King Street, Oovent Garden, London, W.C. WANTED, NURSERY CLERK.— A good place offered to an experienced, reliable man. Reply, giving particulars of experience, &c , and wages required.— W. C, SLOCOCK, Goldsworth Nursery, Woking. Surrey. WANT PLACES. TO GARDENERS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. Ailvertiscrs arc cnidwned aijaiiist having Letters addressed to initials at Post-offices, as ail Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. BS. WILLIAMS AND SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulara, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. Gardeners. Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, Ac. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the /iiV/Aesi respectability, and thorough it/ practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— '*DI0K30N3, Chester." F SANDER AND CO. oan recommend several • highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans. THOMAS BUTCHER oan reoommend several HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS of first-rate character and proved ability. Gentlemen seeking such may have par- ticulars free.— Apply to THOMAS BUTJHE8, Seed Merchant and Nurseryman, Croydon. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiviog applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. CKINNS, late Head Gardener to Lord • Mount-Stephen, Brocket Hall, is now open for an engagement. Highest ref erence. — C. K1NN3, The Bridge House, Temsford, Hatfield. EO. ABBEY, Avery Hill Gardens, Eltham, Kent, can with every confidence highly recommend his General Foreman as HEAD GABDENER, who has had six yearb* thorough practical experience in every bnnch of the profession here, and nine years in two other first-claes situations. GARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly expe- rienced in all branches, having left through death of employer. Superintend Land and Stock if required. Last sitaation ten years.— H. B., 81, Beach Road, Easibourne. GARDENER (Head).— W, Adams, age 36, married, no family ; practical in all branches of Gar- dening. Leaving through a death. Four years Head present place. — Rydinghurst, Crawleigh, Surrey. GARDENER (Head).— Age 45, married, with family ; thoroughly practical knowledge in all branches. Highly recommended. Leaving through a death. Seventeen years in present situation as Head.— J. DAVIDSON, The Gardens, Belmont. Salisbury. GARDENER (Head AVorking), age 28.— Wm. Crump, Steward to the Misses Goldsmid, Tonge- wood, Hawkhurst, Kent, desires to recommend his General Foreman to any lady or gentleman requiring the services of a steady, persevering, reliable man. July 25, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CIIBONIGLE. 115 GARDENER (Head Working) ; Scotch ; married.— Advertiser will be disengaged on August 4, and begs to offer his services to any Lady or Gentleman re- quiring a thorough practical all-round man in Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, and Mushroom Growing. Qood references.— E. F., White Birch, Hamptou, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27 ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Ihree years Fore- man in present situation.— J. SABQENT, The Fishery, Maidenhead, Berka. GARDENER (Head Working); age 28.— Mru. Gold can confidently recommend Fercv Awcock to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough Gardener; good experience in all branches.— 3, Nightingale Cottages, Cookham. GARDENER (Head Working); age 3.5, married, no family. — A Gf.ntle.man wishes to highly recommend his late Gardener. Thoroughly experienced in all branches.- W. PAYNE, Chestnut Road, Horley, GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28; thoroughly experienced in all departments, includiog O/chids. Excellent references from large gardens. —W., The Lindens Cottages, Beddiogton Lane, Croydon. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35, married, no family. Thoroughly understands Orchids, Stove, Vines Cucumbers, Flowers, and Kitchen Garden. Land and Stock.— DOWNHAM, Kennell Cottage, Horton, Slough. GARDENER (Head Working); age 20.— Mr. Moody. South Lodge, Horsham, will be i leased to recommend William HoLnrN to any Lady or Gentleman requiriog a practical man. Well up in Growing Fruit, Plants, Vegetables, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, &e. References unexceptionable. C GARDENER (Head Workino).— Middle- T aged, no family ; thoroughly underataods Forcing all kinds of FruiU (Inside and out), also Kitchen and Flower, and Meadow L'And. Six years' good character. No Circulars. D. B., 54, Turlington Road, Enfield. GXrDENER (Head Working), in good establishment. — Age 33. married. Eighteen years practical experience in all branches. KEMP, J. Russell, The Old Nurseries, Brentwood. GARDENER (Head Working, where three or more are kfpt).— Age Sfi, married, no family; thoroughly esperienced in all branches. Good character,— B. H.. Waldech Street, Reading, GARDENER (Head, or good Single- hanpkd).— Age 40, two children (youngest 9); tho- roughly experienced in the Management of a good Gurden, Vines. Melon?, Cucumbers, &c. t-'irst-clas^ references.— GAR- DENER, Uanslope, Stoney Stratford, Bucks. GARDENER (Singlk-handed, or with help given).— Age 28, married, no family ; experienced in Vines, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and General Garden Work. Qooi references. Please state wages. — W., The Cottage. Long Lodge, Church End. Finchley, N. GARDENER (Sinqlk-handkd), or where help is given.- Age 27, married ; abstainer. Good general experience.— X., 5, Riveidale Cottages, Hanworth. Middlesex. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 24, single; life experience. Inside and Out. Good le- ference?. Diseogaged. — B., care of Mr. A. Gregory. Farningham, Kent GARDENER (good Single-handed, or where hell) is given).— Age 27, single; gooi knowledge of Fruit, Flowers, and Kitchen Garden ; excellent character, not afraid of work. References kindly permitted to J. T. Wood- ROFFE, Esq., Freosham Place. Parnham.— C. HERBERT. The Gardens, Frensbam Place, Farnham. r^ ARDENER (Single-handed, or Under). — "3r Age 25; single, and abstainer. Ten years* experience Inside and Out.— A. SPEAKMAN, 32, Bichmond Road, South Tottenham, N. C> ARDENER (Singlk-iianded).— Married, no A children ; experienced Inside and t)ut. Wife would undertake the Laundry work. Good character. — T. D , New Stanstead, Warren Road, Purley, Surrey. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or otherwise).— Mr. BucKi.iND. Girdener to Sir George Meyrick, wishes to recommend F. Brown as above. Five years' good character. Married. — Beeck House, Ringwood, Hants. GARDENER. — Practical obliging young Man wants two or three days weekly. Life experience all round. Single ; age 26. GdekI reference. — A., Sulman, 804, Upper Holloway, N. GARDENER, where another is kept, or Second, where four or five are kept. Four years' good character.— J. HOLWAY, Norton St. Philip, Bath. GARDENER. — Good Fruit and "Vegetable Grower and Plantsm^n. Fifteen years fn last situation. Left through death. Unexceptional character in every respect. — PONICA, Mr. G. Neale, 3, Broadway, Southwick, Sussex. GARDENER, Inside or Out.— Age 27, single ; a young man seeks a situation as Gardener. Well up in Fruits, Flowrrs and Vegetables.— G. B., 12, Gordon Villas, Broad Lane, Hfrnpton £ GARDENER.—Wanted, by respectable young man (age "-'5) Single-uanded place in Garden. Good characters, — GEORGE GODFREY, 18, Eden Road, West Norwood, GARDENER (Second), where five or six are kept. — Single ; twelve years' experience in Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, Inside and Out. Abstainer. Qood references.- A. BARKER, Stonor Park Gardens, Henley-on- Thamea. GARDENER (Under).— Lady Marcus Beresford, Bishopsgate. Englefieli Green, will be pleased to recommend a young Man, age 22', seven years* experience Inside and Out. Address as above. ARDENER (Undbb).— Age 20; good re- ferences. Three years in present situation. Leaving through no fault. — Address, Atating wages. G. FIGGIS, 16, Fort Street, Northampton. >r:— GARDENER, or GARDENER and •' BAILIFF— for information that will lead to adver- tiser obtaining situation as above. Twelve years' excellent character.— P., 8, Beauchamp Terrace, Putney. ARDENER (Undru), or JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or luside and Out.— Age 20; gooJ characters. Disengaged.— V. L., lit, Colmer Road, South Streatham, S.W. GROWER, age 26, seeks situation in Nursery. — Well up under Glass. — N. W., 11, Spencer Road, Mitcham, Surrey. MANAGER. — Thoroughly experienced in Growing, in large quantities for Market. Cut Flowers, Fruit, Tomatos, Palms, Ferns, Orchids, Htc. ; supervision of labour and general routine of a large establishment. Highest referfnces; good Trade connection. — ENERGY, Mr. H. Goddard, Salesman, lU, Russell Court, W.C. GROWERS, for MARKET. — Mr. G. Bkthkll. Whiteley's Nurseries, Hillingdon, is in a position to thoroughly recommend an experienced man as MANAGER. Many years experience, and well up in every detail of Growing in and outdoor Stuff in quantity for Market. T>ROPAGATOR (Working). — Middle-aged, i married; good character, and many years' expt^rieoce in alt kinds of fEeoeral Nursery Stuff. State wage,", which itt not BO much an object as a perminent and comfortable situation with a well-known firm.— T. O., 19, Emmanuel Boad, West Hill. UastiDgs. ''polWRSERYMEN and OTHERS.— Young X man, age 24, seeks situation as PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft-woodel Stuff. Wages required.--.!,, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. FRUIT GROWER (under Glass).— Age 31, married. Situation wanted as above. Peaches, Necta- rines. Grapes. Tomatos. &c.. specialty ; 'good practical expe- rience. L. S.. Ham Street, Richmond, Surrey. FOREMAN, Inside. — Age '2Q\ wishes situation. Lif' experience in all branches. First-class testimonials. — W. GOVE, The Gardens, Avenue House, Fiachley. N. FOREMAN (Working), for Nursery.— Age 27; eleven years' experience in Stove and Gn-en- house Plant*, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Good references. — A. JONES. 182, Liverpool Road, Irlam, Manchester. FOREMAN, in good establishment.— Age 26; life experience in first-class places. Highest reference!>. —Apply GEORGE FR'JST, 5, Trimdon Street. Middleton Road. West Hartle[xx>l, Durham. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.- Mr. W. BiRKlNsiiAW, The Gardens, Bridehead, Dorchester, can highly recommend his late Foreman as ab^ve, who has had thorough practical experience.— S BAKBR, Broad Clyst, Exeter. JOURNEYMAN. Age 20.— Head Gardener can highly recommend a young man as above, having been with him two years in large establishment. Good know- ledge of Inside- work. Abstainer.- GARDENER, 97, Eardley Road, Streatham, S.W. JOURNEYMAN.— Mr. Coates, Darnhall Hall Gardens, Winsford, Cheshire, would be pleased to recom- mend a young man, age 22, as above. Six years' experience. JOURNEYMAN (Inside.or Inside and Out).— A Gardener wishes to recommend a young man as such. Has had six years' experience ; is steady, sober, and obliging. Leaving through alteration in establishment. — A. CORKS, The Gardens, Oatlands, Horley, Surrey, JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 20; good reference.— A. PROWTING, 5, Ashford Road, Feltbam, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, age 21.— W. Adams would be pleased to recommend A. Potter to any gardener as above. Three years in present situation. — Rydioghnrst, Cranleigh, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN. — A young man seeking a situation as above, age 19 ; bothy preferred. Three years in last situation. Good character, — H. STAGEY, Mongewell Park, Walliogford, Berks. JOURNEYMAN, in good establishment; Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 19 ; five years' good recommendation.- J. STONARD, Duchess Cottage, Pirbright. near Woking. JOURNEYMAN (Inside, or Inside and Out). — Age 22 ; three years in present place, five previous, Good character. — J. BEAUCHAMP, Cowesfield Gardens. Salisbury. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, or small Single-handed place.— Age 25. single. Six years good character.— Care of Mr. Philpott, Gillshole, Whitepirish, Salisbury. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 21 ; two and a half years in present situation. Ex- cellent reference.— H. EASTAFF, The Gardens, Kenishaw Hall, near Chesterfield. JOURNEYMAN (Undeb), in a good Establish- ment, for Indoors and Out ; age 19.— I shall be pleased to recommend J. Roulston, as above, to any Gardener. — D. McLBNEQHAN, Longworth Gardens, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 22 : first-class testimonials from past and present employers.— A. HERBERT, Avenue House Gardens, Fiuchley. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses, in a good Establishment —Age 22; three and a halt years goad character from present situation, five previous.— W. BAQG, South Lodge, Horsham. COACHMAN-GARDENER(SiNGLE-HANDED, or otherwise).— Age 40, married. No objection to cob. Well recommended. Suburbs or Country.— W., 40, Batry Eoad, Stooebridge, London, N.W. ARDENING.— Youth, age 18, seeks situa- tion as a BEGINNER ; strong and witling ; good references. Pothy preferred. — J. S., 2tj, Gt. Cumberland Place, Oxford Street, W. IMPROVER.— Mr. Johnson, Head Gardener, Forest Hall, Ongar, E^sex, can thoroughly recommend a good strong willing Youth. Has had two and a half years Inside and Out. Good character. IMPROVER (Inside). — Young man, age 19, quick, strong, and willing t} learn, desires situation. Eighteen months' nursery experience, chiefly outside.— G. B., Mr. Staines, Ringwiuld, Dover. IMPROVER. — Situation wanted by a yoang man, as above. Well up in Seed, Plant, and Cut Flower Trade.— Wages and particulars to F. "W., 55. Garfield Street, Bedford. IMPROV' ER in Nursery. — F. Williams wishes to recommend a trustworthy, intelligent Youth, age 17, as above. Three years' experience under glass with Tomatos, Cucumbers, General Nursery Stock, and Cut Flower Growing. Abitainer. —Apply lo F. WILLI,4.MS. Northgate Nursery, Devizes. APPRENTICE or IMPROVER.— A situation wanted for a Youth in a good gardening establishment. Apply, stating terms— GARDENER. Bolesworth, Tattenhall, Chester. TO GARDENERS.— Wanted, by active young Man. age 33, situation in the Kitchen Garden, or Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Grounds Good experience; good references.— L. D., 4, Crown Lane, Chislehurst, Kent. TO MARKET GARDENERS, Inside and Out. —Young man (age 20), six and a half years* experience, seeks situation as above. Excellent references. — JOHN G, WALKER, Horse Road, Whitby. Vorks. TO NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and FL0RIST3. — Young man, age 27. seeks situation as CLERK and SALESMAN. Accustomed to Managing staff uf Jobbing Gardeners ; also able to mahe up Wreathf, bouijuet^, &c. Goof reference from London Firm.— NURSERY. Gc ,•■ tftncrs Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. TO NURSERYMEN.— Y'oung man (age 2:.'), accustomed to Growing Cucumbers. Tomatos, and General Nursery Stuff, seeks situation.— E. K., 16, Eaat Ter- race, Fairlawn Park, Sydenham, S.E. SEED TRADE, &o.— Man and Wife, without family, would like Management of Branch, or man situation in Shop, Otfice. or Warehouse; has some knowledge of Nursery and Florist's Business ; also Corn Trade. &c. Good references from similar appointment. — DILIGENT, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. SEED TRADE. — Youth, age 19, requires situation as IMPROVER ; to live in house. Four years' experience. — Terms to S., care of Mr. Inch, 15, Kiog'd Gardens, Plymouth. HEAD SHOPMAN, Scotch, with fourteen years' experience, wishes re-engagement with good.Betail House, Would travel if necessary. — Age 26, single, and active. FtYst-class referAnces. Disengaged when suited. — L. M., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HEAD SHOPMAN.— Situation wanted by energetic Man ; over sixteen years' experience in all branches. Highest character and testimonials. Can invest capital.— Apply SEEDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Advertiser (age 29) requires situation as above ; fifteen years' expe- rience in London and Provincial House?. Good references. — THOMAS, 6, East View, Nantwich, 116 . THE GA E DENEB S ' CHB ONI CL E. [JuLT 25, 1896. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. (Trade supplied on best terms). A large stock of the finest quality OECHID PEAT. Also for Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Rhododendroos, &o. By the sack, cubic yard, ton. or truck-load. Can be seen in bulk at London Wharf. Immediate despatch either from London or Orounds. By Rail or Steamer. Prompt and Special Quota- tions for delivery to any Station or Port. G. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf. Lambeth, London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and Depdts, Rin^wood, Ham- worthy, and Wareham. Address all letters to London Wharf. EPPS'S A1 PEAT (SELECTED specially for ORCHIDS), Also for Stove & Greenhouse Plants, Hardwood Ferns and Rhododendron do. (Trade supplied). LOAM, 8AND. LEAF MOULD, C. N. riBRK, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM MOSS, *o. PEAT sent to aU parts of the world at Special Through Bates. Large or small quantities. EFFS St CO., F.R.H.S„Peat Depdt, Bindweed. STRAWBERRIES. STRAWBERRIES. JAMES VEITCH & SONS BEG TO INTIMATE THEY CAN NOW SUPPLY ALL THE LEADING KINDS OF STRAWBERRIES, EITHER IN POTS OR AS RUNNERS. Special List, just published, can be had on application. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. W. COOPER. Ltd., 1000 Honses In Stock to Select from. Works cover 6 acres. HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, The Obioinai. IirrEHTORS of Cegap GREENHonsEa, Nurseries— HANWORTH and FELTHAM. The Largest Steam HoBTicuiTUBiL Works im the World. 755, OLD KENT ROAD, LONDON, S.E. INSPECTIOK INTITED FOR EVERY READER OF THIS PAFER. We beg to Inform all readers of this Paper that we shall have much pleasure In forwarding to every person one of our REVISED PRICE LISTS, consisting of 400 pages and about 1200 Illustrations, bound In cloth, post-free, on receipt of Six Stamps, published at Is. Small List free on application. W. COOPER, LTD., MUST BE SOLD. GENUINE BARGAIN. PERFECTLY NEW. 5 CUCUMBER or TOMATO-HOUSES, each 100 feet long, 12 feet wide, 7 feet 6 in. to ridge, 3 feet to eavep. Can be built in one block, or separately. Made of good sound, well seasoned materials. Frame- work of Ends, y^ X 3; Ridges, 4 X U; Bars, 3 in.; Ventilators. 7 in.; Glass. 2i oz. Painted one coat. All carefully packed on rail. These were made to order for a Customer who can- not now erect them, owidk to some dispute with hia landlord. Usual price, JE150. As the room is required at once, will accept the low lum of £100 to immediate purchaser. AddreEs, MARKGT HOUSES, care Of WILLIAM COOPER, 755, Old Kent Road, London, S.E. HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, 755, OLD KENT ROAD LONDON, S.E. V/. DUNCAN TUCKER. HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HOT-WATER ENGINEER, EVERY DESCRIPTION of CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, GARDEN LIGHTS, 6fe. BUILDER TO THE PRINCIPAL GROWERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. ORCHID HOUSES, PEACH HEATING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, JUST OUT. ESTIMATES FREE, FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP and BEST MATE RIALS ONLY. TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THREE MINUTES' WALK FROM SEVEN SISTERS STATION, GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY. Editorial communications should be addressed to the " Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Oardt n, London, W.C. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of Lond^q, in the County of Middlesex, und published by Hakby Gillard Cove, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent (Hrden, in the said County.— Saturday, July 25, l6d6. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. No. 501.— Vol. XX, f Third \ Series. SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 1896. [Regt,.a3 a Newspaper. Price .3d. Post-free, 'd^d CONTENTS. Belgium Cactaceous plants, lec- ture on Cannetl's Primulas at Chicago Chelmsford County Schuol of Horticulture, the Cochet, L. S. Colonml notes Orchard work at tbe Cape Didymocarpus malay- anua Foreign correspondence Fruit crops, ref>ort oh the condition of tbe 1 24, Grape growing on sandy soils Louis Scipio Cochet, the late ... Lychnis \"iacaria Nursery notes— Robson, Mr. Juo. Sutton & Sons, Read- ing Obituary — Ewing, Jno Kanit7., Professor Orchid Notes and Glean- ings— Luilia monophylla ... Puusies and Polyan- thuses Potutos, starch and sugar contents of Rontgcn rays in botany 121 Roses in n suburban garden 132 Societies — Hammersmith Horti- culturiil 139 Jersey Gardeners' ... 142 Mancboetor Koy.il Bo- tanical and Hort. ... 1:jo Mi land Carnation and Picot«e .. .. 139 Plaistow Ho ticul- tural 13S Royal Horticultural... 136 Royal Perthshire Hor- ticultural 188 Waterford Horticul- tural 138 Standard and trained Fuchsias ... ... 135 StArch and sugar con- tents of Potatos, &c. ]35 Strawberry Waterloo ... 135 Strawberries, succession of 123 Thrips on Peas ^^^ Violas 134 Weather in Shropshire 135 Week's work, the— Apiary, tbe 141 Flower garden, the ... 141 Fruit* under gliiss ... 141 Hardy fruit garden ... 140 Kitchen garden, the ... 141 Orchid bouses, the ... 140 Plants nnder glass ... 140 ILLUSTRATIONS. Didymocarpus malyanus ... . 123 Lychnis Viscaria, a bed of, in Edinburgh Botanical Garden 122 Red Currant, " The Comet " 137 Ruses growing in a suburban back garden 133 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imperative that all Gopy for Advertisements should be received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNINO at the latest. OA f\(\f\ ROYAL SOVEREIGN. — Fine ^\J^\J\J\/ plants in poU, TlJ. per ICO; £6 per 1000. Quantities of all the best other liiods. AU warranted true. Send for CATALOQUE. H. CANWELL and SOWS. Swanley. Now u the Time to Sow HUME A ELEGANS. — Germination ftuaranteed, English saved Seed, p«r pht., Is. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. ENRY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, CoTent Garden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for LIST. tree. P.Mo ABT HUIUThe London Nursery, 4 , Haida Vale, London, W . RAPE VINES in grand condition for present planting. FIQ TBEES in pot*. WILL TAVLEB, Hampton, Middlesex. To tbe Trade. COOPER, TABER, and CO., Limited, have Posted their WHOLESALE BULB CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If not received, another copy will b« sent on application.— 90, Srathwark Street, London, 8.E. H G BEAUTIFUL WHITE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS. To insure an abunddnce of bloom at this season, ROMAN HYACINTHS should be potted up at once. By this early planting, large siil well- (loitered spihes can be obtained, which are so valuable fcr Christmas decoration. Messrs, SUTTON AND 80.NS, the Boyal Seedimen, Reading, are executing orders at lOl. 6cf.. lU., and HU, per 100. according to the size of the bulbs. For full particulars of these aod other winter and spring- flowering HulbP, see SirprON'd BULB CATALOOUB for 1(96. beautifully Ulustrated. SUTTON'S BULBS GENUINE ONLY DIREOT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL 8BEDSUEN, BEADING. ALCEOLARIA. — Gabaway & Co. offer Seed of the finest Herbao^oos Calceolaria (Rapley's)^8e« Qardening papers— at ll.. U. 6d., and 2s. M. per packet. QABAWAY iwo CO., Clifton, Bristol. DIUKSONS FIRST and BEST CABBAGE.— An eKoellent variety for Autumn 9owtDfr. Per pkt., 6d. ; per oz.. If. 6d, " DicksoDs FiR^T & Best Cabbage has dooe remarkably well with me. I had several weiKhinK up to 151b. each, alt growo without any extra forcing. Several btrangers who eaw tbem said they had never seen such fioe garden Cibbages.'*— Mr. D. Hurrell DlCKSONd. Royal Seed Warfhouse. OBESTER. KENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.— STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture. QRORaB BUNYARD 9l Co., Tbe Boyal Knrseriea. Maidstone, beg to intimate that their New De^H-riptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be hid post-free on application. The largebt and best stock in the Trade. LARGE PALMS& DECORATIVEPLANTS. Immense Stock. All sices np to 30 feet for Sale or Hire. Inspection Invited. Prices on Application. B. S. WILLIAMS AITD SON. Victoria and Paradise Nor- seriea, Upper HoUoway. London. N. Sow Now. for Eafly Flowerlos In Spring. ROEMEIVS SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES. The Finest Strain of Pansi^s in the World. Introducer and Grower of all the Leading Novelties. CATALOGUE fiee on application. FRED. ROEMEB, Seed Grower. Quedlinburg. Germany. BEGONIAS of the newest and most superb type, including many rare varieties. Double and Single, for Conj-ervatory or Bedding. See B. R. Davis' Descriptive CATALOGUE, free. A handsome coloured plate of Six Double Valieties and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for If. B. R. DAVIS. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. Somfrset. EUCHARIS, strong and clean, in 32'8, just thiowing upflower-epikes, 305, per doz. Winter-floweriog CARNATIONS. in48'B, splendid stuff, 105. doz. BOUVARDIAS, in 48'8. extra busby, 10s. per doz. Samples and names on -application. -WALSHAW AND SON, Scarborough. ONAL GERANIUMS, best named, will flower all the autumn, very easy to grow, great variety in colour. Twelve really good named, distinct, btrong plants, in 5--nch pots, 8*. per dozen, cash with order.— QARAWAY ' AND CO., Durdbam Down Narseries, Clifton, Bristol. ODONTOGLOSSUM LONDESBOROUGH- lANUM, O. MADRKNSE, L.ELIA PKDUNCULARIS. and L. DAYANA. All fine imported plaate, in grand condition, 2s. id., 3s. id., 5j., and 7f. id. each. W. L. LEWIS AND CO., Southgate, London, N. RCHIDS — ORCHIDS — ORCHIDsT^ In or showing for bloom : Cattleya Harrisoniee. 'Ss, each ; C. labiata autumnalis, 3s. ; Dendrobium chrysanthum, 3s. ; D. formoeum Riganteum, 3s.; D. transpavens, 3'.; Lselia ancepB, 3^. ; Lycaste Deppii, 45. ; Odoatoglossum Cervantesii, 2s.; O. Rossi majus, 25. ; Saccolabium guttatum, 45. ; or any eight for 2U. All thoroughly established, healthy, and vigor- ous, and sent packing and carriage paid for cash with order. Send for our Special Monthly LIST. J. HUBBRT QROGAN and CO., Railway Nurseries, Worthing. ' ANTED, good EARWIG TRAPS. Send sample and prices to — C. BROWNE, P.R.H.S., Heztable, Kent. Table Plants. DRAC.-ENAS, CKOTONS, ARALIAS, C0C03, OEONOMAS, &c. Handsome Plants for Table Decoration. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nune ief, Upper HoUoway, London, N. BA R R'S A U T UM N FLOWERS. Plant during July or August to flower this Autumn. B»Ft'e beautiful and rare species of Crocus, Meadow Saffrons, White. Lily of (he West Wind, Yellow Lily of the Field. &c. Descriptive LI HT on application. BARR ANDJSOX, lli. King Stieet..l.'ovent Garden. London. C ANNAS. — Garaway & Co. offer strong plante of the abive (Crozy's best named varieties), at 9r. and 12t. per dozen; their own selection. These are equally useful for outdoor and conservatory decoration. GAKAWAT AMD CO., Clifton. Bristol. w The Nursery men. Market Gardeners, and General HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION, Limited.— OfBces, 1 ft 2. King Street, CoTcnt Oarden. W.C. Chairman, UABRY J. VEITCH. Manager and SecreUry, ALEX. JAMES MOyRO. RCeiDS^^rs7AViLLiAMS & Son have an immense stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. An inspection invited. Illustrated Catalogue post free. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. NOW is the^flMEto PLANT GAILLAR- DIAS, Pyrethrums. and other Hardy Herbaceous Peren- nials.—Catalogue of KBLW AY AND SON, Langport, Somerie*. BOX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled ; obtained higheet award for Begoniaa exclusively at tbe Temple Show. Exhibition, June till Sep- tember, at West Wickham Nursery, near Station, Mid Kent, S.K.R. A visit solicited.— JOHN R. BOX, Croydon. Important to MoBhroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, (ts. R. AND 0. CUTHBERT, Seed, Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Sonthgate, N. Established 1797. OWLER'S LAWN SAND.— For destroyiDg Daisies and other Weeds on Lawns, Stc, at the same time acting as a fertiliser, and improving the growth and colour of the grass. Price iu tins, I5.. 25. 6d., and 55. ; keg», 85. 6^., 165.. and 305. Sold by all Seedsmen. CORRY AND CO.. Ltd., London, B.C. ISHURST COMPOUND, used Binoe 1859 for Red Spider, Mildew. Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 3 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. If., 3s., and lOt. %d. GISHURSTINB keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and It., &om the Trade. Wholesale &om PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANT (Limited). London. ACKENZIE AND MONCUR, Limited, Hothouse Builders and Heating Engineers. Edinburgh, London, and Glasgow. BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. Plans and Estimates for all kinds of Horticultural Buildings, Pavilions, Summer Houses, and Heating Apparatus, free. Splendid Illustrated CATALOQUE. London Office : 8, CAMDEN ROAD, W.W. ORTICULTURAL MANURE. — Chiefly composed of Blood and Bones. The best fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, If. & 2s. id. ; also in air-tight bags, i cwt., 6j. ; 1 cwt., lOj. Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag ; I cwt. and above sentcarriage paid. Cash with order.— C. BKESON, Bone Mills. St. Neot's. Hunts. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept., War Dept. , Boyal Bort. Soc, Royal Botanic Soc., Parks and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplel Upright Tubular Boilers.King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Telegraph Addre8s,"Hortulanus,London."Telephone, No.872f . 118 THE GA F DENE J? ,S" CHB ONI CLE. [AronsT 1, 1896. SALES BY AUCTION . FRIDAY NEXT. Great Sale of LUlum Harrlsll. MESSRS. PEOTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that their First ConBignment of the above will be SOLD by AUCTION, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 7, at 4 o'clock precisely, without the slightest reserve. The consignment comprises— 73,600 BULBS, and coiiBists of the followiog :— 19,500 Bulbs, 5 to 7 inches 26,750 „ 7 to 9 „ 27.350 ,. 9 to 11 „ Al8Ol2,000 FRKESIA BEFRACTA ALBA— first size Bulbs. On view morDing of Sale, aDd Catalogues had. N.B. — The cases which have already come to our Rooms have been opened, and we have examined the bulbs and find tbem in really magnificent order. Friday Nezt. IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS received direct, compiising : — 61 Cattleya nobilior 500 Oncidium Rogeraii 4 Cyrtopodium species 115 Dendrobium Amoeni 30 . , saavissimum 300 bulbs Crinum elegans (Kirkii). Also IMPORTED ORCHIDS from Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., comprising Miltonia vexillaiia, with gifzantic ilowers; Odontoglossum luteo purpureum, in splendid masses; O. Rossi majus, Cattleya Aclandise, C. Dowiana, and Lttlia Dayana, together with 100 lots of Established Orchids from other sources. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 87 and 68, Cbeapside, London, E.O., on FRIDAY NEXT, August 7, at half-past 12 o'Clock. Od view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. MONDAYS, August 17, 84, & 31. THUB8DAYS „ 20 & 27. 54 ,, Harrisoniae SCO Dendrobium pritnulioum 80 „ aurenm DUTCH BULBS. SPECIAL TRADE SALES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Oheapside, London, F.C., on MONDAYS, August 17, 24, and, ■il. And THURSDAYS, August 20 and 27, at Twelve o'clock each day, large consignments of NAMED HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS, together with white ROMAN HYACINTHS, and paper-white NARCISSUS, received direct for Unreserved Sale. These early auctions have been specially arranged in lots to suit the Trade and other large buyers. The Auctioneers will be pleased to enter the names of in- tending purchasers on their pt-rmanent lists who may desire a regular supply of Catalogues for these Sales.— Auction Rooms and Offices. 67 and 68, Cheapeide, London, E.G. Berkeler Castle. Gloucestersblre. 2 miles from Berkeley Road Station, and i mile from Berkeley Station. M.R. ESTATE of LORD FITZHARDINQE, Deceased. MESSRS.BRUTON,KNOWLES,&PRIDAY, in conjunction with Messrs. D. LEQGE, SON, and PEARCE, are honoured with instructions from the Executors of the late Rijiht Honourable Lord Fitzhardinge, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, at Berkeley Castle Gardens on TUESDAY, August 4, 1896, 4000 STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, consisting of 300 Orchids, 1600 Crotons, Palms, and other Stove Planto, 260 Tree CaloatiODf, alio Primulas, 100 Bou- vardias, 100 Begonias, 100 Arums, 101) Zonals, 100 Gloxinias, 100 Acbimenes, 100 Amaryllis, RO Aspidistras. 60 Lilium Kreutzeri and Melpomene, 60 Cyclamens, 50 Fuchsias, 60 Indian Azaleas, 60 Azalia mollis, 30 Hydrangeas, 40 Cytisus, » Agapanthus, 30 Pancratiumg, 400 Chrysanthemums, 100 Tuberoses, and 50 Rhododendrons. The above plants are all in good healthy condition, and have been grown and cultivated expressly for cut flower and winter decoration. Catalogues may be had of Mr. SHORE, The Castle Gardens, Berkeley; of BRUTON. KNUWLE3, & FRIDAY. Auctioneers, Gloucester ; or of D. LEQUE, SON, & PEARCE, Auctioneers, Berkeley. Sale to commence at 11 o'Clock punctually. WANTED, small NURSERY and good JOBBING GARDENING BUSINESS, if possible, or Market Garden with Shop. Strictest investigation.— FLORIST, 41, •Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C. FOR SALE, FREEHOLD MARKET GARDEN, consisting of 8 acres of Land and lOCO feet run of Glass, in full growth of Cucumbers and Tomatos. Good loamy soil.— For all particulars, apply to W. WREN, Bridge House, West Mailing, Kent. Cmchester, North Gate Nurseries. (8854.) 'yO BE SOLD, as a Going Conoern, with -*- possession, the oldestablisheil NURSERY', FLORIST, and JOBBING BUSINESS, in the heart of the town, and including about 6 acres of productive Laud, stocked with thriving General Nursery Stock and Fruit Trees. The Out- buildings comprise several Greenhouses, three Cottages, and convenient (lllioe. The Business has an excellent connection, capable of extension. The only reason for relinquishing the Business is ill health.— Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS Estate Agents, ftc, 67 and 88, Cheapside, E.C. LONDON, S.W.— Good locally for Jobbing. TO BE SOLD, a small NURSERY, with two Show- houses, two Greenhouses, well heated ; Sheds, and Stabling. Lease. 16 years unexpired. Bent £17. Price for Lease, Glass, and Stock, includinn Pony and Van, £160 or offer, owner must realize.— Full particulars of — PROTHEROE a>,d MORBIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. 'yO BE DISPOSED OF, a MARKET J- GROWERS' NURSERY, containing IJ acres of rich Pasture and Garden, 6 Glasshouses, well-heated, and everj thing in good working order, nearly new. Good Cottage. Twelve miles from Covent Garden. Giving up through old age. — C. W., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. To Nurserymen and Florists commencing Business. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam, the favourite neighbourhood tor Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on easy system of Purchase, or to be LET on Lease. For full particulars, apply to Mr. FREDK. G. HUGHES (Surveyor), the Estate Office, Hamptooon-Thames. TO FLORISTS^nd ^HERS.— TO BE SOLD, owing to a death, FREEHOLD GROUND, 80 feet frontage, by 160 feet, with small Cottage, 4 Green- bouses, Pits and Frames, &c., with an old-established business of 20 years, doing a good trade, and will be sold for £500, the value of the land only. This is a rare opportunity to obtain a good business free of charge.— Apply to WALFOED and WILSHIN, Auctioneers, Anerley, S.E. HADLEIGH, SUFFOLK. — to" P^E DIS- POSED OF. the Lease, Goodwill, Stock in Trade, and Glass Erections, &o., of above NURSERY', comprising about 1| acres of Land, convenient DWELLING HOUSE, Packing and Potting Sheds, SEED SHOP, and Fittings. Lease about nineteen years unexpired. Rent £27. No other Nursery within several miles. Price £160. Apply to^ WILLIAM BADMAN, Cemetery Nursery, Qravesend. GRAVESEND.— FOR SALE, GOODWILL, FIXTURE.S, and STOCK. &c , ot COMPACT NURSERY. -8 well-built Greenhouses, with the Lease of the Dwelling house, containing 12 rooms and spacious cellarage, and 2 Green- houses, and 1^ Acre of good Land ; the glass is about 600 feet run : the whole heated by two new tubular boilers. Lease about 10 years, with renewals. Rent. £riO per annum.- Apply — DIXON, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth Common, S.W. By Private Treaty. OFFERS are INVITED for the Old-estab- lished Business of W. B. ROWE and COMPANY, Ltd.. of Worcester, consisting of NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. The Nursery is well stocked with Fruit Trees, Shrubs. Roses, and General Nursery Stock, all in excellent condition, and covers an area of about 2.3 acres. There are eight large Oreen- houees. Pits. Sheds, &e. ; a good Hou.se and Foreman*s Cottage. ' There is a compact Seed Business in connection with the Nursery, capableof further extension by attentive and judioious management. Favourable Lease. For conditions and particulars apply to W. BIRCH, 49, Foregate Street, Worcester. Offers will be received np to 10 o'Clock, Friday morning, ! August 7 prox. The highest or any Tender will not necessarily be accepted. I Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- oulara ot the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G. G FPR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock ot Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. F~ORS A LE.— NARCISSUS (Sir Watkin), true, first size Bulbs, 3s. 6rf. per dozen, 24.^. 100. — Apply to GARDENER, Plas Gardens, Dinas Mawddwy, Merionethshire. S^TRAWBERRIES, all the leading~s^ts71n pots now ready for planting. 12.s. 6d. per 1(J0, H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts. RAPE VINES lor Fruiting and Planting. Splendid good ripened Canes. Invite Inspection from Intending; Buyers. SAMUEL .TKNKS, Bramley Nursery, East Grinstead. ALM SEEDS. — PLANT NOW.— Just arrived, Kentias, Coryphaa, Phueiiix, Cocoa, Sea- forthias, and others. 100 in variety, to name, free, 2s. 6d. ; 500 for 10s. Price to the Trade on application. MORLE AND CO., Conservatories, Finchley Road, N.W. Hyaclntbs, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jan., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to— Meaars. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 26, Savage Oardeng Crutched Friars, E.C, N.B. — Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be foun ANDG.CUTHl!ERT'S(;.\TALOGUEofthe V* above is now ready, and may be had free on application. Bulb Importers, Soutbgate, Middlesex. Choice Vegetable Seeds, FOR AUTUMN SOWING. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • Special Quotations for their fine Selected Stocks of CABBAGE, TURNIP. LETTUCE. ONION, RADISH, and other SEEDS suitable for AUTUMN SOWING, which will be found very advantageous to Purchasers. Also fine samples of WHITE MUSTARD, and Sowing RAPESEED, at moderate prices. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. TULIPS— Bright Colours. EARLY and LATE FLOWERING SORTS. "ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK" Of Thirty-two Octavo Pages, Giving complete history of the Tulip and its introduction into England, Ac, by the late John Slater, of Lower Brough- ton, near Manchester, a Tulip name so famous sixty or seventy years since. Nearly IftO sorts to select from, some varieties scarcely ever offered before. The book, which is entered at Stationers* Hall, is full of interest to lovers of *' old-fashioned dowers." Prii'e 6d., post-free. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Daffodil and Tulip Grower. Cork, Ireland. ORCHIDS - ORCHIDS. Clean, healthy, well grown plants at reasonable prices; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALTY. Pleask Write kok List. EX<:>TIC NURSERIES, CHELTEHHAM. Aie sold by the Trade in 6(1. and IB. Packets, and SEALED BAGS-7 lb., 2s. 6(1 ; 14 lb.. 48. 60. : 28 lb., 7a. 6d. ; 56 lb., 128. 6(1. ; 112 lb., 208. Or from the Manufacturers, carriag.) paid in the United Kingdom for cash with order (except 6(f. packets). EVERY PACKET, BAG. and SEAL BEARS THE RKSPEOTIVE TRADE UARK, WHICH IS THE ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. JAMES CYPHER, ORCHID PEAT.— Dry and prepared, 5«. Zd. per bag. on rail ; \hs. per cubic yard, in 12-yard trucks. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 3s. 3rf. per bag ; 10». per cubic yard. WALKER AND CO., Poole. Dorset. BOULTON & PAUL, horticultural builders, NORWICH CONSERVATORIES. VINERIES. PEACH, PLANT, ORCHID. TOMATO, &C., HOUSES, FRAMES, BOILERS, VALVES. PIPES, and FITTING^. GLAZED PORCHES & VERANDAHS No. 2. GLAZED PORCH. 6 ft. by 4 ft. Price about £10. Carriage paid. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon. No. 3, GLA ZED PORCH, 6 ft. by 4 ft. Price about £13. Carriage paid. CHEAP GREENHOUSES No. 47a.— LEAN-TO. 10 ft. by 7 ft. £8 lOS No. 4Sla.— SPAN, 10 ft. by R ft. ... £10 IQs! Glazed, Painted, Packed, & Carriage Paid. ' ESTIMATES on Application. New ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE. BOILERS of all makes and sizes, Valves, Pipes, and Fittings of every description. Lists free. Carriage paid on Orders of 40s. to most Goods Stations. No. 3 7.— LEA.N-TO FRAME, 6 ft. by 4 (t With Two Lights, 30b. Pit Lights, Propagating Glafses. FRAME.S IN Every \'akietv. 1 'JO 77//'; GAinU'JNEh'S' (JIIL'ONKJLR [Al'ousT 1, 1896. WILLIAM CARMICHAEL'S ROYAL SEEDLING STRAWBERRIES, PRINCE OF WALKS. TRINOKSS OF WALES. .Inly ft. IHim, Die AH Mh ('a mm ten a la,, Tlit> rrlnrM* «in»irrK im^ t»i llmiiK JDM fffy limt^ti tor llm ilrhrloun Mtrnwl-irrion you worn no ktnti ^M to Mllil hi»r. ninl Iho rrlnoMPt tn \ .»ry proui! Hint thi-y nlioiiM be PAllfii l>y l»«r iinmo, Vouid vorv tnilv. Ohaki.ottk KNOM.YS. .Inly I'M, \H\h\. DlCill Mm. OaIIMIOIUKL. — Tlin NtrnwlH-rriON (I'rliioo of W«li*ii> nrrlvril In riiptul ordnr, lUid w«Tn niin'h IiIumI; ritul 1 nm .Imirol l>v Itin rrtuior?i lo tluinU y-Mi for mi klinlly nimuIiik ihfui YmirH tnily. (MlAKl-OVrK KNOLLYS. )■:, KhUohKo". I'Mml)tirnh, .Inly y^, isim. llnvitiM rorrtttly rontilnJ hi knrKlt, 1 lutvo hint luriny upiMirlutiHtt'i vt uroinn Uirnn S) rri« linrrii'i urown, nn*t.i iiioiiy U> tlti*lr wprtl i— I'ltlNru o|- W Al.l M WrtlorUk) itoni c 1 wHIi Hiitlnli (^itnnn. I.nr|((«r Mtvp, rlrli llnvour, (,>iiooii f(, rttlilU\ not Notlnrk hh W'atorliHi, viHoroitH roiiHtHittloii ; ono of (hn v»»ry Ih'kI Into Nt rn« I'prnon, I'lUNiMpr* ov W Al.iH t>nir*tol All crontio)! with Kuigimiro liHtft I'liir. Kiitl Hi/41, ilwitrf hiihit, lino l^iitofii tUvour, VBOnllftnt iniimtlMition P. T KIHM, K K H.S.. ''piIKSK linNNKKS(vory luiw hivhtnit out Tlioy will t>« nont out in ■Uiot Tol«(loii nn tltnontttrM iirrU-o In AuMU'it Ah (ho ^tutk iM llnitt«tl, oitrty orr tlo/rn ; Mf. (or (Uly ; AIN iit»r Um. To (hn IVn.lc, iH H'v \wt Ut >. 0.itKO«*ll(titl roiitlUloii, Kor ivtrMoiiUn of tltpno ntul nil u(li0r lliiltu', n*« ouri^ATA- LOOUK, No. Mi. |>oii('t»f un ii|i|iU>'uliou. DICKSONS Skki) \ Uri.M Dhowkun, CHESTER. MUNdO CII.M'MAN. Ul« of KmU't lUul- •lliiKKtitn IavIiip, Mtil (.Aidnnii. I>i«fiii («> iiit tmnto to hm fnoiitlM unit no>)\irilnl«iu>>r!i thnt lu« Totiiv* (n»Bl ht!« I'Tonrnt Mitunttoii on tlu* ;^Mli o( (ho prcntMit nionlli. Ilo hHH iirran|{fil (41 tontilo k( S(. NinimiK, tii^r NtirtiuK, whom ho nxrutlii (o (HMiuuonoo th« OuUlviktUHi nud 8iil« of Hnrtly IMitnta on tiiH onn «i'(Htnut, WUh (hn »viirr(f*nor gnlnotl tlurinit twontynion( oi oiif «( (ho miM( I'tioii'*" pnvn(o tMltool 'tm* of iilnn(ji (o txi foniKt in (ho Itridvh lulon thitt of (ho Into iMmrlt-n .irttnor, Ki>t] Mr. (MtAitninii omu oonhilonOy untlortnko to Nn^plv nh»t u KohsM fin>l (mo (o lutniit of thfi moi«t ntiilitMo |>li%n(N for Itortlom Hntt Hook work. Ho hiipnii to Ito nhto town to iwino n Vlnnt C^Hdihifino, (lOtu whioh (Mt^fi.niorii ni*v m«ho (hoir own Nolt'tMion. In th« tnioivkl. ho %vill tnt fnlly oiuph>yotl In ^o(IUl|{ \\y Ntivk. Mny )l>. IMMl C^AKNATIONS. My \.\M of Surplus ('Aina- J tiown AtttI riivtoo* tK no« rt- tUy, (HMttAininK kU pr\>v»si MOW \nflo(n« OHKYSANTHEMUOI ALBUMS. I hiive B few of (bono vnhiublo workw left, and will send a (lopy of oaoh, itj^t-freo, Vs.,or Ncimmtely. The Guido.U stumps, tho Alb im, 18 HtiimpH. Poth nro invnluablo to Chrysanthemum Qroireri. H. J. JO N£S« Byecroft Nursery, Le wisham. Early White Roman Hyacinths, Early Snowflake and Paper-white Narcissus. JAMKS VEITCH c^ SONS ^U>g to iiiinounoi', in e.nvptionalli/ fine cotnlitiou, tho arrival of THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING, Aihl will be pleased to reeeire Ordirs for iiiiiiiediate delivery. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY. KINGS ROAD, CHELSEA. S.W. ROSES ON THEIR OWN ROOTS, ivi: /'hksent rLANTJNO. ^\'M. r.UIl, \NMt SON rospoc'l fully invito Jit tontion to llioir inngiiificont Stoi'K of tlu> abovti, I'staliliahi'd in iViiu'h (IS-sizeii) poU. Tho CoUt'otion ooiiiprisos the leading varieliiv of the Hybrid lVrp<>tu*l, Tea Scented, Noisette, liourbon, China, and Tolyantha rlasses, ii\r1iulin); Crimson Kanibler. Price lOs. Od. to 18s. per dozen; 75s. to 120s. iier 100. *,* The present is a most favourable time for planting, as it allows of the plants establishing thoniselvea in the ground before winter. AI»o a large General Stock of Rofet in pot » for Greenhouse Ctilture, Conservatory Clitnhing, Jir. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS Crompfon ani FawlCe^, eftefm^fopd. HORT1CUL.TUKAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS. I><«i);iier!i and Man«f«oturers of l\»n)r<^, Conservatories. Nineries, V'oniin^f-houses, Oreenhousi^, and every description of Cilssshouse. Best work. Lowest rrii>«>ii, Kvery nuvlern apptianixv t'virveys made in sny p.>rt of the Kiiiijdom. Kstin\«to9 free. L.'ir^e New llUistrstcd Catalogue post-free on application. CROMPTON & FAWKES, CHELMSFORD. Ai'ciusT 1, 1890.] THE GA R D E NE B S ' C I in 0 NI CL E. 121 WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE. THE EARLIKST AND BKST. 6d. and 18, lH>r packet, 18. 61I, pt^r ounce. from Mr. O. H. BALL, Comtr (lardcni. " I hertwith forward you a photograph of )our valiialite CabhiiKe— thi» Kmporor. I lliui it i» the farliflfct, lurxest, ami mo!hoit tubtiaud large broad coral-red sepals horirontally esteuded ; immense double corolla, petals reddish-purple, imrgiDs shaded with metallic blue. FOKl'liNA. short tube and broad retlezed orimson red sepals ; large while eorollii, heavily shaded rose, and marked crimson at the base. IRKNE, short red tulie and sepals, well reHexed ; single red dish- violet corolla marked with crimjou at base and well extoa]). COUNTY. APPLES. PEARS. PLUMS. 1, Scotland, £. FERTH8HIKE SELKlIiKSHIRE . WEST LOTHIAN... Average ; goofl ; Avernge ; good Average ; goo*l, Un'Ier ; gooj Avpr.ig(^ ; g(n)(ii Under i Over ; good Under Under Under Under ; good | Under ; good 6, Scotlaud, W. ARC.YLLSHIRE . . Average Over ; very good Average ; good Under ; good Over ; very good Over ; goofi Over ; very good Avferago Under Under ; good CHERRIES. Over; good AveragB ; good Over ; very good Over ; good Good Under ; bad PEACHES AND NEC TARINES. APRICOTS. SMALL FRUITS. STRAW. IIERKIES. NUTS. NAME AND ADDRESS. I I Under Average ; very good AYRSHIRE- Aver.ige ; good Average ; good Under I Under Average ; K'^odi Average ; very I good Unde(* ; good i Average ;good, Over : very KOnd Under Average ; good Average ; gof)d Under Average ; good None ont.'^idi' Average ; <;;<>. »! I Avenige Over ; very good Ovor ; very jAvemge; very , Average ; good Under ; good Average ;god \ verage ; good; Ovit ; very goixl ; black Currants under Over ; very goo* I Over Over ; very gooo (JardeuiT, Eslingt(pu Park, Whiltingbam, R.S (). J. Rid.lell. The Castle Howard- (iaideus. York I Thomas Jones, Ribsb)n Gar- dens, Wetherby Bailey W.ndds, Brnliall Gar- ileus. York Willi iru Cnlverwell, Tli<>ri)e ' Permw Ganlens, Betlale J. P. Leadbetter, Tranl)y Croft Gardens jGeo. Batley. Wentworth Castle Gardens. Banisley J. Simpson. Wortley Hall Gar- ' dens, Shellield I John Easter. NostcH Priory i Gardens. Wakefield Freileriek Kneller. Studley I Royal Gardens, Ripon TUos. Bonsall. Elmet Hall, Leeds Robert Dawes. Teinpln >"ew- I sani Ganlens. Leeds 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [A.UGUST 1, 1896. CONDITION OF THE FRUIT Q^OVQ— {Continued), COUNTY. 2, England, K.E. YORKSHIRE 3, England, E, CAMBRIDGE ESSEX LINCOLNSHIRE . APPLES. NORFOLK . SUFFOLK Over Average Over ; very good Average ; good Under ; very good Under ; good Good Average ; good Average ; very good Over ; good Average Under ; good Average Average ; good Average Average Average Average ; good Under ; good Average Average ; good Over Under ; bad Average ; good Over; good Average ; poor Over ; good Under ; good Average ; goo«l Average ; very good Under Over ; good Average ; good 4, Midland Counties. BEDFORDSHIRE BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Over; good Over ; good Good ; average Average ; verj' good Average Average Under Average ; good Under PEARS. Over Under Over ; very good Under ^Over ; very good Under ; bad Good Average ; good Under ; bad Under ; good Very good Under ; good Bad Under ; good Under Average Average Average Average ; good Good Average ; good Over ; good Under ; bad Under Over; good Over ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Under Average ; good Average ; good Over ; good Average ; good Under ; average Under ; very pood Average Good Under Under Under PLUMS. Over Over Average ; good Over ; good Averagft ; very good Under ; bad Average Average ; good Average ; very good Average ; goo 1 Good Under ; bad Good Average ; verj* good Average Under Under Under Under ; good Average Under; bad Under Average Under Over ; very good Average Average ; good Over ; very good Over; good Over ; very goo' good Average ; good Under Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Under Average ; very good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Good average Average ; very good Under Very good Good Average ; good Good Over ; good Average Average Over ; good Average ; good Over ; very pood Average ; goml Average NUTS. NAME AND ADDRESS. None grown J. Hughes, M'entworth Wood- I house Gardens, Rotberham Average John Allsop, Daltnn Hall Gar- dens, Hull W. Clnick, Brodsworth Hall Gardens, Donca.ster A vol age Over ; good Average Good Average Over ; good Very good Over; very good Over Over ; very good Over for Wal- luits Over Over Average ; good Average Very good Average 0\'er ; very good Over; good Over ; good Average Average Average Average Over 0^■er ; very good Average Average Over Over ; Walnuts nmch over Average Over ; average Under Average Good Average Average ; good Under S. Keepence, Thirkleby Park Gardens, Thirslw A. B. C, Wi.sbecli and District James Hill, Babrahani Gardens Wilson C. Smythe, Upwell House Gardens, Wisbech Henry Lister, Easton Lodge Gardens, Duninow, Essex W. Plestcr, Elsenhani Hall Gardens, Stanstcad James Douglas, Great Gearies Gardens, Ilford E. Hill, Belmont Castle Gar- dens, Grays James Vert, Audley End Gar- den.s, Sallron Waiden William J. Piper, HylandsPark Gardens, Clielnisford William Lunisden, Bloxliolm Hall Gardens, Lincoln Thomas Vinden, Harlaxtou Manor Gardens, Grantham J. Rowlands, Manor Gardens, Bardney J. Si>ilsbury Blankney Hall Gardens, Sleaford Hy. Naylor. GrinisthorpeCastlo Gardens, Bourne Wm. M. Cooper, Gardener, Utflngton House Gardens, Stamford E. F. Hazel ton, Brocklesby Park Gardens W. Emerton, Belton House Gardens, Grantham H. Bat' good Average Average ; good Under ; good Average ; good Over ; very good Under Average Umler Over ; grK>d Over; good Average ; good Good Under ; good Avei-age ; bad Average CHERRIES, Under ; bad Morellos goorl Morellosover Over ; good Average ; good Average ; small Under Under Average ; good Average ; good Over Under I Average Average ;goodl Average ;good Average; very Under; bad good Average Average Under ; good I Under ; good I Under I Under lAverage ; good Average ; bnU Under ; good lAverage ; good Average Under ; good Average Average Average ; good Average ; goo- good Over ; goo' good Average Under; good Average; very good Average ; very Average ; good good i Under; good Under ; goo' good Under ; g«od Average Over Over; gooil Average Average ; good Average ; good Average Over ; good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; ver>- I good ] Average ; very 1 Under ; good good j Average ; good Under Over ; very gOOfl Over ; good Over Average Over Average Over Average over ; good Filberts aver age good ; Wul- nnts under Under Over ; good Under Walnuts over good Over ; very good Average ; good ! Over; very I good Under Average ; good Average ; goofl Average ; good 'Average ; good Under ; good Over ; good Under ; goo good Aver.age ; very good Under Average ; very goott Over; very good Avenge ; good Frank Lowe, Easthampstead Park Gardens, Wokingham Over; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; goo.1 Over Average ; gooil Over ; very good Good A. J. I-lt, Normandy Gar- dens, (iiiildltird Under ; gtHKl Under; Hrnall Over ; good Average ; gnwl Ovt-r; K'^.mI Over ; good Under ; small Under; small Etlward 1 urn-11, (Mareniont, Eslu'r A. Evans, Lylhe Hill, Hasle- Under Mileli under Ulld.T Much un good Walnuls over; Filberts average H. C. Prinsep, Buxled Park, Ucklield Under; l>ad Under ; good Over; go»»\ Under Over; very good Over ; very good Under Robert Aitkeit, The East Lodge Gardens, Beaulieu, St. Leonartis-on-Si-a Averjige ; good Average; good Average ; very good A\^erage ; good Average ; good Under ; bad Over; good Over; good Over ; good W. H. Smith. West Dean Park Gardens, Cluchester Under ; good Average ; very good Average ; good Under ; good Average ; good Average ; good Over; very good Over ; good C. H. Jones, Ote Hall Gardens, Burgess Hill Under Under Uuder A\'erage ; gotjd Average ; good Average Under Under G. F. Glen, Brambletye Gar dens. East Grinstead Under ; good Average ; good Over ; good Average ; good Average ; good Over ; good Average ; good Under; good Over; good Riebartl Parker, Goodwood, Chichester Under Under Avcrago \'ery good Average Very good Good Very good G. Duncan, Warnbam Court Gardens, Horsham wiltshikh: Average Under Average Average Under Under Under Under Average T. King, The Castle Gardens, Devizes Average Under Under Average Average Average ; goo good Under ; bad Over; good Over ; good Over ; good Average ; good Average Over ; good Over; good Under Average ; good Average Average ; good Over ; good CHERRIES. Average PEACHES AND NEC- TARINES. Under Morel los Under under Under; bad |Average ;good I Over ; good I Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average Average Average Under ; good APRICOTS. SMALL FRUITS.. None grown Average ; very good Over; good Average Over ; bad Under Over ; good Good Average ; good Average; good Average ; good Under ; good Average Average Average ; good Average Average ; very good Average; goo' good Over; good Average ; gooti Average; very good Under ; good Under Under; gooii Under Over Over ; good Over; good Average ; good Under; good Average ; good Average ; good Over; good Good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; goood Avtjragc ; good Over; very good Over Over Under Under Average Over; good Under; bad Over ; veiy good Over ; good Average Over ; good Over Very good Over ; very good Over; good Average Under ; bad Good James Enstone, 3S, Temple Road, Exeter A. Eauies, Heanton Satchville, Beaford T. Vinney, Arlington Court Gardens, Barnstaple W. Swan, Bystock Gardens, Exmouth Geo. Baker, Meuibland, near Plymouth John Sowray, Highnani Court, Gloucester Wm. Keen, Bowden Hall Gar- dens, Gloucester T. E. Arnold, The Cirencester House Gardens, Cirencester J. Cleare, Toddington Gardens, Winchcombe, R.S.O. Over ; good Average Average None Thomas Shingles, Tortwoith Gaidens, Fallleld William Greenaway, Dodington Park Gardens, Cliii>ping Sod bury A. Scott, Sherborne House Gardens, Northleach .lohn Watkins, Pomona Farm, Withington, Hereford Thos. Spencer, Goodrich Court Gardens, Ross F. Harris, Eastuor Castle Gar- dens, Ledbury Geo. Milne, Titlev Court Gar- dens, Titley, R.S.O. A. Ward, Stoke Edith Gardens, Here f 01x1 C. A. Bayfurd, Glewstone Coiut, Ross Joseph Russell, Berrington Hall, Leonunster Thomas Coomber, The Hcndre Gardens, Monmouth .Tno. Lockyer, Park Garden's, Pontypool W. F. Woods, Llanfreclifa Grangt^ Giirdi'tis, Caerleon \V. HalKtt. Ciissington House P'arm, Bridgewater Thos. Wilkins, The Gardens, Inwood House, Henstridge A. Young, Marston House Gardens, Frome John Crook, Fordo Abbey Gar- dens, Cliard H. Noble, Ashton Court Gar- lens, Bristol William Tlioniiis, Norton Manor Gardens, Taunton T. Carter, Butleigh Court Gar- dens, Glastonbui-y D. Owles, Apley Castle Gar- dens, Wellingt^r Under Av.^r.i;4e ; good Average ; yery good Average Very good Over ; very good Over Over ; good Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; verj' good Very good Very good Average ; very, good Under Under Over; goodj Average ; good Verj* good Very good Over; very good Over ; good Over ; very good Average Over; very goorl Average ; very good Over; good Avyrage ; good Average ; good Average Average ; good Average ; very good Over ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average Vi^ry good Average ; good Under Average ; very goo*i Under; bad Under Average ; good Under Average NUTS. None grown Average Average Over; good Average ; very good Under Bad Average; good Under; very good Under ; good Under ; good Over; very good Over ; very good Over ; good Average ; good Over ; very good Over; very gootl Over ; very good Average ; good Average Very good Average ; good Average Over ; very good Average Average Average Average Under; good Average Average Under ; good Good Goo-. The Editor will thankfully receive and select photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduction in these pages, of gardens, or of remarkable plants, Jlowers, trees, dc. ; but he cannot be responsihle/or loss or i)ijury. Local News. — Correspondents will greatly oblige hy sending to the Bditor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any tiuttters which it is debliahle to bring vnder the notice of horticulturists. Uewspapers.—Correapondeuls sending newspapers should be carrfal to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SATURDAY', Aco. MONDAY, . UESDAY, WEDNESDAY, Auo. THURSDAY, FRIDAY, FlilLiAY, Auo. Aco. / Suci^te Franc. d'Hort. meet. , ) Utiyal Horticulttir.il Society of ] Soutbai»iiton Show ; and on (. Aug. 3. 2 J Roy.il Horticultiu-al and Agricul ( tural Society of Ghent. f Bainpton Show (Oxen), I Beddington, CarshiUton, and Wal- lingtonSliow, inCarshalton Park. I Manstie'd r*'hmv. Notts. ' Noilthanniton Floral Fete (two days). 1 Leicester Show in Abbey Park. 4- Horticultural Conference at Cbea- ( ter(Town U»ll'. ChLister LI.>rticuttural Show (Royal llorticilltuval Deputation) (two . day.-)). Chesterfield Rose Show. Forest Hill, S. K, Sli.iw (two days). . \ncicnt Society of York Florists. tJ — Griinaby Show (two days). 7 Driffield Horticultural Sbuvv. SALE. {Groat Sale of Lillum Harrisi, also Imported and Estjlblishcdorchids at I'rotheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE EN- SUING WBEK, DEDUCED FROM OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK —63'.°. Thanks lo tbo courtesy of our Crop's covrespondanta in all paits of tie Kingdom, we are enable,! lo give a general summary showing the condition of the fruit crops for tho year. The returns have been made mostly by the same record(ir8 who have obliged us in former years, and although a certiiii amount of vagueness is inevitable, yet it is impossible to doubt that, substantially, tho report wo publish to- day does accurately represent the condition of the crops. We cannot say tho report is entirely satisfactory ; take for instance A]iph. s. About oO per cent, of tho reports from England show that tho crop is under average as to quantity, although the qualily is reported as good. Poars are even more behindhand. Plums show a better record ; only thirteen out of .seventy-oue returns from Scotland are below tho average. In England and Wales I'JO out of 280 ropoits were under average. Cherries yielded generally a good average crop. ]'eachos and Nectarines, singulailj' enough, were much above avorago ; ihus out of 2.J4 returns from I'^ngland and Wales only thirty-one were under avoiago, whilst I'J? wore up to tho average, and seventy-six above it. The abundanco of these fruits is a feature of the year so Jar as fruit is concerned. A similar remark applies to Apricots, for out of 256 returns from England, only 66 were below average. Small fruits were generally above the aver- age ; whilst Strawberries have been average, and Nuts rather above it. We append a table, which shows in a succinct form the principal numerical results gleaned I"- "■ £2 OS ~, CO O O Tf ,., jfl CO OO Cl .53; go J3 K y 1Z O ^r: Ph ^ 00 o» t* m P. f'-* ^ ^ ^ < m CO ^ c^ ■o Jo tfj Q c^ r^ 00 < ^ — s Q < B o O ■«1 CO M Wi n tl o S 2 5'. e. " W CO o 2 c? SI W "# CA ^ S > y- ) Ulmer, of Stuttgart, a series of coloured representa- tions of the principal fungi attacking cereal crop.". The plates are of moderate size, so that they are less costly than is commonly the case, but they are accurate and well executed. The work will be of great use for reference purposes. In addition to the fungi, some of the insects are also represented. It is intended to bring out similar series devoted to the diseases of pastui-e plants, root-crops, vegetables, fruit, &c. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.— The Tiiiiisiictions of this .Society recently published, include p.aper3 read from December, 1894, to the end of 189j. Some of the more important of these are, "Something .about Vegetables" (by Bltrnet Landrkth), very compieheuaive and practical ; " An Historical Paper" (by the .s.ame writer), mentioning the rise of horticulture and of agricultur.al and horticultural societies, and the work done during their progress; " Addicss on Street Trees " (alao by Mr. Landreth). mentioning many suitalde species not commonly utilised for the purpos? ; " Notes about the Progress in Floriculture" (Euwi.v Lo.NsniLE) ; "Plants for Home Adoinment" (ItoBEUr Craio) ; '• The Orch.ird .and its Care " (Prof. li. B. Vojuuees) ; "Nut Trees" (F. M. BAuriiiiu); -Trees for a Country Place" (O. T. Cou.ven) ; "When to Use Plaut Food " ( It. M. Si.mmehs) ; and a " Report of the Annual Exhibition of the Society" (by Davio RusT), as hcKI last year. M. Charles Joly.— We note with much grati- fication that the SociiStd Nationale d'Horliculture de Franco has nw.ardod a large Gold Medal to M .Ioly in acknowledgment of his active and continued col- laboration in the Jutirmd of that society. Certainly, tho compliment has been well earned. "Transactions of the Massachusetts HortICULTURALSOCIETY. '— ThoFiist Partofthia publio.itiou for the year 1895 is now ready, and con- tains tbe report for the season, and synopses on lectures treating of Days with Our Birds (Mrs. Kate Trvon, Cambridge); Flower-pots and their Manufac- tuie (A. H. Hews), Fungous Diseases of Oru,amental Plants (Professor Byron D. Halsted) ; Hardy Plants and Shrubs (J. W. Elliott), Comtruction and Heating of Ol.asshouses, Economic Entomology, Experimental Involution amongst Plants, A Talk on (iarden.s. Budding and Grafting, Notes on Tomatos, Edible Native Fungi, and Commercial Fertiiiaera in Horticulture. " Plants of Manitoba."— Messrs. Marcus Ward k Co. have issued under this n.ame a haud- eome series of forty coloured plates in a neat wrapper. The plant^ chosen as typical of the Manitoba flora are nicely dia«n and colcjured ; iu most cases a spray of flowers is represented, and enlarged diagrams of special partf, such .as tho fiuit, stem, or root ,ire also given. On each plate tho botanical and popular n.ame of tho species is written, ,and the family to which it belongs. If of no special scientific v.alue, this series of pictures is, at any rate, pretty and accuiato, so far ns it goes, and we will hope may prove attractive enough to encourage .admirers to pursue tho study . moi'c scriou-^ly. Viola Conference, lage. — A confeience meeting will be held in the Royal Botanic Society's Giudena, Itegent'a Park, on Saturday, August 8. At 12 o'clock (noon) an introductory addicss will ba given by the Chairman, Mr. A. J. Rowbehrv ; then a rnpoi t of special coumiittee re trial of Violas, Mr. R. Dkan; followed by a p.aper by Dr. Vi:iT B. WiTinocK, Director of the Botanic Gaidens, Bergis- land, near Stockholm; one on Violas for bedding August 1, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 133 purposes, with special refei-encc to their aJivptability for aasociation with other plnntfl. Papers will also be read by Mr, C. JouDAN, SiiperiDtendent, Regent's Park, N.W. ; and Mr. J. W. Moorman, Superin- tendent, Victoria Park, N.E. ; by Mr. H. A. Neefs and Mr. W. Baxteu, on Violas for exhibition, with special reference to newer varieties ; by Mr. J. D. Stuart, Belfast, on Viola sports. A report of judges of seedlings will be submitted to the Conference. It is p.irticnlarly requested that now vai'ieties be sent for consideration ; a spray or bunch of nut le.»s than six blooms of any new variety to be staged. All new Eugleheart has very long crimson petals ; Oxonian, a deep crimson variety, appears a little thin in flower, albeit it? calyx is burst ; Crombie's Pink is hardly equal to some of the others in size ; but Favourite is a very pretty Picotee, with white gi-ound and rose edged. Cheshunt, Woriviley, and District Horti CULTURAL Mutual iMPRovEtviENT Society.— A meeting of this Society was helil at Turnfiu'd, on Thursday, July 23, when Mr. W. Harrison r.aisod a di.-cussion on " HorticuUiu-e, as a source of profit to the employer, and a rnc:ins of livelihoo'l for the nature of the experiments which are being carried out at liothamsted. Mr. J. J. Willis then conducted the parly round the farm, explaining the character, and results compared, of all the different chemical man- urea applied to various crops. At the close, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded Sir J. I*. Lawes f.'V his kindness ; and to Mr. Willi-s, who briefly replied. Reading AND District Gardeners' Mutual llVIPROVEIVIENT Association.— The monthly meet- ing of the above association was held on Monday in the club-room .at the British Workmm, and was" well Fia. 25.— RO.SES in a s- B^msAN balk QAnoEN. (see r. 132.) v.arictics must bo stafOl for inspection by 11 o'clock, 8o that they may be judged when quite fi-esh. Any bloonjs sent by po.st unist reach the Royal Botanic Gardens on the morning of August 8, a'ldressed to Mr. J. B. Sowerbv, Secretary, Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, London, N.W. A. J. Ro iikrky Chairman ; Ricjiard Dean, Secretary. Flowers in Season— We have received from Messrs. Lainq k. Mather, Kelso-on-Twced, blooms from some u.'^eful varieties of Border Carnations, grown out-of-doors. Uriah Pike and Ketton Rose are well known to be among the be^t. Duchess of Fife, rose- coloured, and Mr.s. Barnewell Elliot, a ch.arming pink tlower, are very fine ; also The Pasha, salmon-pink, and Mrs. Frank Watts, white or pale straw-coloured ; Paul employ!?." The next meeting will bo on August \%, when Mr. R. Wunderlich will contribute a paper on " Cut Klowei-s and Florists' Work." The first o\iting of the Society took place on Saturday, July 2.'., Messrs. F. Sander k Co.'s nui-sery being ono of the places visited ; later the pai ty travelled to llarpenden, where luncheon was served iu'a tent on the cricket- ground. Among those present were Mr. Dean, secre- tary of the Herts County Council ; Mr. H. J.Bushliy, Mr Niel .Mackenzie, Mr. W. II. Miles, vice-presi lenls of the society ; Mr. J. J. Willis, Harpenden, Mr. F. S. Hutcha.son ; chairman, Mr. Wm. Harrison, vice-chair- man ; and Mr. W. I,. Yates, lion, secretary. The party then paid a visit to Sir J. B. Lawcs' experimental farms at Rothamsted. Sir J. H. Gilbert delivered a short lecture in the Laboratory, describing the attenfled. The subjects for the evening were "Car n.ationi" and "Fruits in Season." The former subject was introduced by Mr. IC. Dearlove, gardener at Brookfields, Burghfield, and the latter by Mr. T. Ne\ E, the chairman of the Association. The meet- ing, although taking more of a conversational turn than usud, was exceedingly interesting, some of tha memberj joining in the discussion. The e.'chibits were uumerous, Carnations predominating, collections ciming from Messrs. Dearlove, Tuktos, Neve, and GuiiDARD ; whilst other flowers were stiiged by Messrs. Chameeulain, Dore, .and Bailey ; and two finely- coloured fruits, "Sutton's Hereof Lockiuge Melon," from Mr. Pioc, After the meeting the flowers were sent to the Royal Berkshire Hospital for the use of the patients. 134 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ;[AnGUST 1, 1896. The Chelmsford County School of some experience of the work done there and of its Horticulture. — We have often had occasion to resulta, we should rather be inclined to say it is note the excellent training given at the Chelmsford nothing if it is not practical. The following pro- Laboratory by Mr. Houston and his colleagues. A gramme of the work done in the July course of reference to the examination list lately published Horticulture will demonstrate this. It should be will serve to confirm the good reports already given. borne in mind that this course is intended for In some quarters it is the fashion to decry such selected students who have already gone through a tuition on the ground that it is not practical. With more extended course of training : — ■ TIME TABLE— First Week, July 6th to 11th, 1896. Morning. Davs. 0—12 Lubor.itory Work. AFrEKNOOX. 1—5 O.irden Work. Evening. MOND.W Physiology of Plant Nutrition. Movement of Water in Plants. Fruit Culture. Summer training of fruit-trees. Visit to a private garden. TUE3DAY Water Culture E.tperiments. Summer pruning of fruit-trees. Chemical lecture at 7. — Air in relation to plant life. WEDNESDAY Physiology of a green leaf. Summer pruning of bush fruits. Botanical Ramble. THURSDAY Transportation and storage of re- serve food. Flower culture. I3eddlng out. Garden demonstration — Spray- ing fruit trees. FRIDAY Special processes of nutrition in particuL-ir groups of plants. Potting of winter-flowering pLiuts. Chemii:al lecture at T.— Water in relation to plant life. [ SATURDAY Revision. Visit to Nursery Grounds. Second Week, July 13th to 18th. Days. Mo n NINO. 9—12 Laboratory Work. — ■ r Aftkrnook. Evening. 1—5 Garden Work. Monday Physiology of Growth. Formation of shoots nnd roots- Induced effects of trahiing and pruning. " Vegetable " Culture. Preparation of Celery trcnehcs. Visit to a private garden. TUESDAY Sensitiveness of jjrowiner org.ans— Importance of suitable soil con- ditions. Planting of " green crops." Chemical lecture at 7.— Soil in relati'in to plant life. WEDNESDAY Physiology of Reproduction. Fruiia, their formation, develop- ment and ripening. Tomatos: training and plant- ing. Social Evening. THURSDAY Natural Classification of Flowcrinff Plants. Preliminary Exercises in floral dis- section. Cucumbers: prepuatiou of beds, iudoor and out. Chemical lecture. — Cheniic.il compounds formed by plants. FRIDAY Examination of types of Lily, Daf- fodil, Iris and Orchis families. Preparation <.>f Musliroom beds. Demonstration in Botiuic gar- den. SATURDAY Revision. Visit to Melon and Tomato houses. Third Week, July 20th to '25tli. Days. Morning. 9—12 Laboratory Work. AFTERNOON. 1 -5GnrdcnWo.k. Evening. MONDAY Natural Claasifleation of Plants. Examination of tjpes of Larkspur, Poppy, Brassica, Viola, and Car- nation Orders. ■ Budding Roses, Plums, &c. Discussion at 7. TUESDAY Hollyhock, Geranium, Pea and Rose families. Putting of Orchids. Botanical ramblo. WEDNESDAY Cucumber, Gooseberry, Saxifrage and Parsnip families. Strawberries : preparation of beds and planting. Budding competition. THURSDAY Sunflower, Heath, Potato, Mint and CKlip families. Visit to a fruit farm. Demonstration on drying and presai ving plants, at S. FRIDAY Beet, Rhubarb, Nettle and Hacol families. Staking and staging of plants. Examination at 0. SATURDAY Visit to \ seed (flo\ver) farm and fruit gar ien. University of California.— The report of the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the University of California for the years 1894 aud 1895 chronicles much work done with regard to analysis and examina- tion of soils and sub soil.s, aud the possibility of im- proving aud fertilising these for the better cultivation of certain crops. There are also included papers on California fruits, aud Canaigre (Fiumex bymeno- sepalus), Olives, ka. There is a section devoted to entomology, and the reports from the various stations are carefully tabulated and arranged. The Horticultural Conference at Chester, we may remind our readers, will be opened at 7.30 P.M. on Tuesday next, August 4. The Duke of Westminster will preside. Sir Tkevor Law- rence, Bart., the Dean of RuCDESTEn, and Mr. F. \V. Bubbiuge, M.A., are expected to deliver addresses. On the following day will be held the horticultural show, which is anticipated will be a great success. Home Correspondence. PANSIES and polyanthuses.— Mr. Dougks states that neither Violivs nor Pansies can endure the hot, dry seasons of the London district That is iiuite true, as it is true of many other plants during such seasons, a5 last year and the present, if no cul- ture be given. When, however, I see how, under good culture, Violas thrive and bloom so charmingly at Hampton Court every year, I have to question the force of Mr. Douglas's conclusion. I have not seen Mr. McLeod's Viola garden at Dover House, Roe- hanipton, this year ; but last year, whilst still hot and dry, I did so, and I must say I never saw Violas massed in numerous colours, and making up a par- terre-garden more truly beautiful, than was this garden then. Dover House is within a few miles of Charing Cross, and the soil is essentially dry and porous, but in no garden, even in Scotland, could Violaa have been jiresented in more beautiful, vigorous, florescent condition than there. I did tell Mr. McLeod that, beyond bringing with him across the Border special knowledge of Viola culture, he must have brought in his train something of Old Scotia's climate as well. With respect to Polyanthuse.s, presumably rai-ed from seed sown in the spring, Mr. Douglas advised they be now pl.anted out. Poor " poljies " indeed that have as Eeedlings to be planted out this hot, parching weather. I always advi.se sowing seed outdoors at the end of August, or early in September, the plants ti> stand the winter in the seed-bed, and then bo transplanted in April, whilst the ground is yet cool aud moist. I got a big batch raised for me in that way, and I had several hundreds planted out about the middle of April. They are now very strong, established plants, defying the drought, aud will next spring make plants double the dimensions of those planted out in July will make. A. D. VIOLAS. — Passing along a road in Reigate a week or two since, I was almost surprised to see growing in a garden good clumps of Viola cornuta and V. c. alba. These are so seldom seen now that their presence seemed to be like an unexpected meeting with old friends. I could not but think, on looking at the very compact growth of these old fornis, how very much too many of our newer so-called Violas have departed from them. What will Viola raisers say to the suggestion that these former popular kinds be again used as starting-points, with the object of preserving their undoubtedly very free compact habit, rather than in utilising the Pansy as a seed or pollen parent, and thus producing, as is now so large!}' found, a race of loose growing, large- flowered varieties, that have not the dense, compact, tufted habit in any degree. Raisers seem very largely to have overlooked, in producing new Violas, the chief use to which they should bo put, to produce solid masses of flowei", aud producing this bloom con- tinuously over a long period. Violas have been very much spoilt by the practice now so prevalent of showing them at exhibitions set up iu sprays. Thus, in many cases, vaiieties are so utilised that have no fltne.s whatever for bedding or massing pur- poses. Very likely, when employed to run loosely amongst other bedding plants, just as Verbenas do, these loose growers are suitable enough. It was somewhat odd, that in connection with the recent exhibition of the Viola Society at the Regent's Pai;k, so much should h.ave been I'eported concerning winners of prizes and names of the flowers staged for August 1, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 135 exhibition, but notliiug was said about the many \Mrieties said to have been bedded out in the gardens. That is the test Ukely to create most interest, and to have tlie greater value. Some independent testimony on the results is desirable. A, D. STARCH AND SUGAR CONTENTS OF POTATOS AND OTHER ROOT CROPS. — I am greatly obliged to Mr. J. J. Willis, Harpenden, and "A. D." for their courteous replies and valuable suggestions in this matter. It is one of very considerable com- mercial interest and importance. In crops such as Potatos we need a trade outlet to steady prices beyond what may be called the chances and caprices of the consumption of Potatos as a constant ration in our daily diet. It is more than doubtful whether such perishable food as Potatos follow the usual supply and demand in regard to consumption and price. On the contrary, our glutted markets often seem to prove that the cheaper the Potato the fewer are used for food; and hence the greater necessity to find other outlets for Potatos, such as their conversion into starch, sugar, spirits, yeas^ pork, butter, cheeso &c. For the diversion of Potatos to other uses, and their profitable devotiou to other purposes, it seems most desirable to increase their starch or sugar contents. It may be true, as "A. D." points out. that the Germans, by special raising of varieties or peculiar culture, have added to the starch ratio of the Potatos that they grow for manufacturing purposes. It can, however, hardly be that they owe much of the e.xtra starch-ratio to their climate. Some forty years ago quantities of Potatos were grown in Scot- land for conversion into Potato-starch and arrowroot, and the new industry was said to have proved very profitable. It would be interesting to know if it still exists, and how far it has extended. The process was very primitive and simple, as I remember it. The Potatoswe!"e washed and smashed bysiinplemachinery, the dour or starch washed and allowed to settle, then dried, packed, and distributed as stai'ch, and used for food and other purposes. No complaints seemed to have been made as to lack of a good percentage of starch and substantial profits. Though much outcry was raised as to the adulteriition of foreign arrow- root with home-grown Potato-flour, Mr. Willis seems to furnish cultivators with the secret of substantial profits in the increasing of the starch contents of Potatos, and turning this into solid and sure commercial advantage. Potiitos though safer stores for food, and more durable tlian most fruits, arc yet very perishable commodities. Their ability to grow from eatly eyes, also results in lower- ing the quality of their food supplies. Every change of temperature, and alteration of moisture in earth or air, or Potato-store, tends thus to waste the fooil stores of the Potato. Hence the vital importimce of converting its food contents so f«r as possible into dry goods, starch, sugar, spirits, ferments, etc. Mr. Willis shows that not only the nutty flavour of tlie Potato, so higlily prized, but the amount of starch, depends on the quantity of potash taken up during growth. During my lectures on Potatos for County Councils, I have constantly impressed upon my audience that weight meant quality, and that both measured starch or sugar-contents. It is pleasing to have these views confirmed by Mr. Willis in these remarkable words : — "The Rothamsted experiments further show that high specific gravity in Potato tubers and high percentage of dry matter go together." The total amount of dry matter produced per acre is considerably increased by mineral manures containing potash alone, kainit salts, or sulphate of potasli, but very much more when the mineral and nitrogenous manures are used together ; thus, the weight of the dry substance of tubers was, with- out manure, 1353 lb. per acre; with purely mineral manures, 23Si lb. ; and with the mixture of mineral and nitrogenous manure more than 4000 lb. per acre, or l.| tons. Another practical point of great moment is mentioned by Mr. Willis. From 80 to 85 per cent, of the total potash in Potato tubers is found in the juice, aud about two-thirds of the phosphoric acid is also found in the juice, and as two-thirds of the nitrogen is found in the albuminoids in the juices, it follows that if the mode of cooking the Potato is such as to exclude these constituents of the juice from tlie food product, there is a considerable waste of nutritive matter and nutty flavour. D. T. F. THE WEATHER IN SHROPSHIRE.— We have wit- nessed a decided change in the weather in Shropshire during t)\e past week, for during the four days ending July '25 we have registered 2 inches of rain, and there is every likelihood of another downpour wlnlo I am writirg. During all mj g-ardeuing career I have never witnessed vegetation sufi'er so much as this year, Peas especially are generally a failure, and buyers in .Shrewsbury have had to send to other counties for them. It is sal 1 by persons sixty years of age that they have never seen the water in the river so low as at the present time, and to no county will the rain be more welcome than to Shrop- shire. Geo. Blu-rows, Ihrwick Gardens, Shreuishm-ij. THRIPS ON PEAS. — It maybe of value to growers of late Peas to know that I have made two trials in the Aughton Cmmty Council experimental ground, in order to ascertain how this pest might be eradi- cated. A liberal sprinkling of the haulm with freshly- slaked lime has quite answered my expectations, for the plants are now practically freed from the insects, and yielding a good crop of Peas. In tlie second trial, 1 lb. of softsoap, 1 quart of petroleum, and '2ii gallons of hot-water were used, and this, too, kills the thrips ; but lime is the best means for the purpose. The mixture may be applied with either a fine rose watering-can, or by means of a spray-pump. E. Thomas. STANDARD AND TRAINED FUCHSIAS. — Few persons who have passed through the little town of Kgham in the summer time can have faded to admire the standard and trained Fuch.^ias in the front garden of The Limes, Mr. Wm. Paice's residence. The stm- dards vary in height from 6 to 10 feet, and are of ages ranging from ten to twenty-one years, and these have a very imposing appearance, many of them possessing very fine heads of bloom. There are, besides tlie.-e. Fuchsias which form arches, and cover a bower some 10 feet in width, several fct high, and of cui- siderable length — leading from the front-door to the entrance-gate, which are really very telling and effec- tive. Most of the plants are cultivated in jiuts and plunged in the ground, they are not closely pruned- in, when grown for this ]»urpi»se, so that the shoots soon cover the trellis and become effective very early. The pKants form capital sununer screens f.ir trellis- work of various descriptions. The Fuchsia is a very telling plant, « hen planted in a conservatory, and the branches allowed to ramble and droop in a natural manner from the roof .and wall ; in fact, few other kinds of plants are more so. Mi.ss Marshall, Beacons- field, and cor.allina seem to be the best vatieties for bower-work, having a pendent h.ibit, aud making shoots of considerable length. For the forming of standards beside those named, there may bo atlded fulgents, seri-atifolia,andcorymbiflor.i. Isit not a little singular that the Fuchsia is so neglected as a pot plant in the present ng, an 1 the plants planted out iu turf, and trained like Hollyhocks to a height of quite 10 feet. The lower half of the Tomato plants bore an immense crop of large fruits just ripening, and a second crop was sliowing whi^h miiat be rapidly har- veated, because of the Chry.sautheiuunis that liml a home there after October. The variety exclusively grown is the selected Or.ingefield, which in the Man- chestei- district has been grown for more than tliiity years. The seeil of Orangefield was received by Mr. Robson from Mr. Smith while the latter was gardener at Longford Hall. The fruit is large and beautifully colon re.l, and only selected ones are saved for seed purposes, the reni.ainder going to the market. The Orchid-linusos are very well managed, the plants generally in excellent he.ilth, being mucli im- proved since they were placeil under the charge of Mr. J. Evans. They consist of the chief among the species and varieties that find most favour among Orchid-growers. The Djndrjbium-house w.is filled with cle.an, healthy plants, most grown in holed pots and sus- pended baskets. The pla'its of Dendiribiuin Wardi- auum were str.)ng and faultier, th'3 white form doing well iu limited pot-room ; D. uobile in many forms and crosses; D. Dearei, extra well grown ; D. for- misum, D. craisinode album, and many others were rem.irked during my stroll throuj;h tho Orehid-hon les. Mr. E ans, following the piactiee of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, of IJury, sprinkles the floors and benches with water in which soot and lime arc mixed, doing this twice a week, and apparently, tho practice induces vigour without giving rise to "spot." In this hous! also was found a goo 1 asiortuiont of Phahonopsia, tlie plant) having line lo.ives, excellent roots, and giving a promise of good flowering. Miny very vigorous plants of Angnooum seiquipedala were remarked. Quintitios of young Crotons and Dra- ca las were growing o;i the tables under the shade of the Dendrob 3. Both D. Phaho lojisis and D. Dear„i got little water .at the root, an 1 they are exceptionally vigorous. A large house is chiefly 03jupie 1 with Cittleyas, Lelias, and Cy()ripediumi. Ths Cittleyas are in great vigour; so:n : g)jd Qiskollimn being in H)wer, an 1 thsn the shsaths of C. Mendeli, of C. labiata, C. Percivalliani, very prominent. Lai'ia teaebrosa, L. crispi, anl Li. xanthini we.e iu rob.ist health, and there are scores of strong L purpurati of g.)od typ33. Oypripediunu ware found iu quan- tity, and amongst some very good C. Curtisi in flower, we noted C. cenanthuni, C. superbum, C. Gowerianum, C. Leeauum giganteum, C. PoUetianum, C. Arthuriauum, C. Saundersianum, &c. Cymbidiuni eburncum were remarked iu scores of fine plants. A particularly healthy lot of plants of Odontoglossuin grande waa observed ia this house ; a large stock of plants of Ca?logyne crislata and its varieties is grown for cut flowers. The span-roofed Odontoglosaum-honse is full of vigorous plants. Notwithstanding the enormous quantities imported, the demand for cut flowers of 0. crispum is so great as to p.ay the grower, even supposing he cannot sell the plants. Out of the thous.iuds here, some good v.arieties have been secured, which, as mist nurserymen know, find a ready- enough sale at a price. The cool treatment and the ple.asing moistness of the atmosphere produce here very vigorous plants. The best O. Pescatorei, grown in suspended pots, are well furnished with branchiu.; flower-racemes. Along with these are the brilliant yellow Oucidium St. Legeri.anum ; the beautiful O M.ar.shallianum, which summers best in aclima'e of this kind ; O. varicosum Forbe.sii, often burned with stiong, dry heat ; O. macrauthum, and great pi'.eces of Epidendrum vitellinum. I was glid to notice .some promising Masdevalli:i3 revelling in the cool, moist house. Tho whole of the plant houses are substatilially built, and In good order of keeping, without anything being out to w iste in the way of needless expen- diture ; and the atato of ths gen eral stock is sncli, thit it will surpriie ininy a onnoisseur. /. .1, Societies. ROYAL HOBTICULTUBAIi. JfTi.v li-i. - An or.rmn.ry iiu'utin^ uf tbo CVunmittLVs of tbe Sojiety Wiis held on TuQsd.iy last in thu Drill H:il'., Westiiun- ater. As h uan il diiriiif,^ this mouth iiiul next the exhibits c illin^ Tor distinctive :i\v ir.U wjre not numorom, but there was a good dispbvy. H.irdy llowers formed the greater pirt of tho show, if we except for tho moment a very I irge group of Bej^onias, and a smaller one of IV-lirgoniunis. Thin occasion waa also the meeting at which It had bjon arranged there should be mado a display of Succulents and Cactaceona plants, and thoro were several very interesting collections staged. A lecture upon the subject of these plants was giv^n in the afternoon by Mr. Ciufman, an enthusiastic amateur. There was a considerable qiiantity of fruit staged, but it was princlp:illy from one exhibitor. The three awiv Is that were mi ie by this coaioiittee were a First-clas3 Certificite and an Award of Merit to new Goose- berries from Me3oinmentijd,) Messrs. P. B vutt ,^, Son, ICin;,' 3t , Ooveut G irdeu, London, W.O., mid'i a first r.ite .lisplay of hardy flowers. C U'00p3i4 gr.indiflor.i and Giillardiis weic very gojl lljrbujoua Phloxes in numerous go id varieties wcie iocliilol; and Alatrnemeria aur.mtia'^a, Allium pulchellum, and A. p. Ha nm, Lilium tigrinmn sinansu, and other g-ud things also (Silver Biuksian Modal) V" AiTQDST 1, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 137 Mr. Tiio-;. S. Wauk, H.ile Farm Nurseries, near Tottenham, mado a display of Pentstemons, wLicb were exbitiited in miicti variety and in bunches of good flowers. Tho varieties Mrs. Empson. Mis.q Patey laDts of a variegated form of the Maidenhair tree ((iinkgo biloba), also a few plants of Hypericum anieum. A large group of tuber 'us-rootol Begonias, frtjni Mr. H. J. Jones, Uyccroft Nursery, Lowiaham, constituted a most uuusuil feature. Its characteristics were such as are usually 66en at the Temple Sbovv, or large provinci.al exhibitions at which the arrangement of artistic groups is made a specialty, rather than those wo usually .-issMciate with tho iJrill Hall. Ill length it was almost equal to half tho extent of the hall, of considerable breadth also ; it was arranged ou the floor of the hall and under the wall. Thotigh the primary object was to exhibit Begonias, means were taken to do this as effectively as possible, and to this end very free use wns made of huch plants as t'rotons, Palms of a graceful habit, Caladiums. Ferns, Asparagus and Ficus. The front margin of the group had a decidedly wavy outline, and in the t-m. U Kroups thus caused were placed dot plants of various kinds. The double-flowering vanctics of Begoniju^ were kept together in a measure, as were also tho singles No effort was made to show particular named varieties, but all were made subservient to tflect, and, we think, with nnich success. The disposition of the plants was tasteful, and tl e specimens used were choice (Gold Medal). Sprays of flowering shrubs from Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Rc-ad, Chelsea, repre- sented Stuartia paoudo-Camellia, a single white flowering shrub, the unopened buds upon which greatly resemble a Camellia at the same stage ; Corylus colurna in fruit ; Puvia roacrostachya, bearing an abundance of its ornamental spikes of blooms, and Kucryphia pinnatifolia, an exceediogly onia- niental shrub, with ]>inuate foliige and %vhite flowers. A grand display of Sweet Peas and Dahli^is was made by Mr. .J. Walker, Thinie, Oxon. The Sweet Pexs exhibited were arranged tastefully, and together with the nn)ro formal Dahlias made quitfl a show (Silver Hanksi.an Mod;il). Messrs. H. ('annkll & Suns, Swanley. Kent, exhibited some plants representing an uncommonly dwarf type of Antirrhiiuim. Tho flowers were pure yellow, purple, crimson-and-yellow, and other shades of colour, some also were striped in bizzarre f;ishion. A capital exhibit of hardy flowers was made by Messrs, Wm. Cutbush & Sons, Highgate, Loudon, who staged a number of varieties, including Ecbinops sphxro- cephalus, Eryngium amethyetinum. Gaura Lindhoiraeri, Hyaeinthus candicans, Romneya Coulteri, Acanthus can- delabra, Crinum Powelli, ito. Also a great n\imber of varieties of border Carnations, staged on a groundwork of moss (Silver Banksian Modal). Messrs. J. Caiitkr Ai Co., High Holbom, exhibited a few plants of a very pretty siogle flowered Petunia named Queen of the Rose, furnished with larger, brighter flowers than the type. A group of plants of the zonal Pelargonium King of Denmark w;is stiged by Mr. R. JtNSRN, Mansfield Hill Nurseries, Chingford, Essex. The variety, which ha.s flowers of a salm. humilis, O. brachyartha, U. glomerata, O. tunicata, O. cylindriea, O. arboresccns, O. albicans, O. Engelraanni, the noble O. Tuna major, the s'cn^'eri stemmed *>. aurantiaca, and the less slender O. dejecta, p. polyanthii, <). armata argootoa. and O. monacantha, Of Rbipsalis shown, there wpre noted R. crispata (?), R. c. var. purpurea, and R. funalis. Phyllocactus species, a* p. JlusseUiauus, p. mteus, P, Johnson^, p, crenatus. P. ^tifrqiis, fmd P, angiiliger, wero Sihovyn, but none Wi^? jn bio im. Specimens of diverse spe -ies of Rchiu cacti, Cereus, and Maniillaria were numerous. A few species of Anhilonium and Echinopsis were also remarked, mostly foims that are still very rare in gardens. The Cereus included such tall growcrr. as C. azureus, C. roitratus, C. repandus, C. grand i- rtorus, C. Baumantii, V. macrogouus, C Mallissont. C. McDonaldi, C. triangularis, and C. flagelliformis. The plants in this collection numlxired :j-'0. Mrs. CnrLToN, Wealdstone, Middlesex, showed a smaller collection of these plants, coufcisting mainly of Echinocictus, Mamill.ariius, Opimtias, and Cereus, all small, but apparently healthy, A nice example of PiliK-eicus senilis was noted, Mcs.srs. Can.sell k Sons, Homo of Flowers, Swanley, \\,x<\ a more numurous collection than tho last-named, consisting, too, of tho more popvilar specie. Nico exam plus were remarked of Echinocactus Mcl'uwdli and E. cornigerus; IIKD CrUIiANT •' TIIK COMtT.' (See Report of Royal Horticultur d Soeiety*e Meeting, July 28, 16^0, p. lar.) of Mammillaria boca.saua, M. recurva, and M, spinosissiraa; of Piloctreus senili'^, Opuntia microdasys. Euphorbia Four- nieri, Haworthia lougiariet^ata, two nice examples : Agave Victoria Regina (figured iu Gartl. cfoon., June P.i, ISKO, ji. TSfi), A. coccinea. A, maculata, Aloe plicatilis, Pachyphytum Sieboldi, Gastcria verrucosa, Hechtea Ghiesbreghti, Dyckia longifolia, several McsembryanthemutDs, &o. Orchid Committee. Preieiit: Harry J. Veitch. Es.| . iu the ohair ; and Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (Hon. See i. F. W Moore, De B. Crtwshay, E. Hill. J. Douglas, W. H. White, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, H. M Pollett, T. St;|tter, and S. C'Jurt;{uM. There Wiw but a small show of Orcliids. Sir Trevor J^awrencr, Burford, Dorkiug, exhibited a few rare botanical plants, some of them making their appearance for the first time. Of these were Qdontogloasum aspidorhii nym, T,©hm., a s-peeies with numerous gp-acefVil spray? of yellow and brown flowers, with large and curiously formed pure white lips, more or less s. otted with purple. The individual flowers somewhat resemble those of O. blandura and O, eonstrictum, from which, how- ever, it is botanlcally distinct (Award of Merit) ; Dendro- bium curviflorum, Rolfo, one of the handsome.-t of the Aporum section of Dendrobium. The plant has the usual compresscti growths of tho section, and bears rather showy and curiously-formed white, bo.at-shapcd, curved flowers, with yellow blotch on tho lip (Botanical Certificate). Sir Trevok LAWRENCKalBoshowedtheprettyMaxillariaHubschii, of the M. grandiflora cUss; Mjisdevallia infracU purpurea. with twenty flowers -a charming little plant; the singular- looking Dendrobium revolutum, whose flowers opened in April, and have been in good condition ever since, and may last a considerable lime longer; and Cypripedium x Chas. Steinmet;^, a pretty hybrid betwooa C. philippinense and C. Lawrenceanum. Messrs. J. VEircH & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, again showed the hand.soite Cattleya x AtUnta (not Atalanta), which they first exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society, August 14, 1804. The plant is of neat habit, tho flowers lar,(e, and wax like in sub- stance ; sojials and petals rose, closely veined with rose- purple; tho lip (which although large in size, follows somewhat the form of that of C. Leopoldi) biight purplish majenta. Its nearest affinity is C. x Fowleri, recently exhi- bited, but C. Atalanta is larger, richer in colour, and shows more clearly the characteristics of the lip of C. Leopoldi (First- class Certificate). They also showed their new hybrid Masde- vallia X Ajux ( x Chel oni x Pcristeria), a remarkable cross, with waxy flowers with a ground-colour of yo'low, and thickly set with reddlsb-brown papilhr, which along the veining of tho sepals also form three red-lirown lines. Tho tails are of choco- late-brown colour, and tho inner surface of the upper sepal yel- low, with purple linos ; lip purple(Award of Merit). Also tho white Cypripedium x Brysa (Boissieranum x Sedeni candi- dulum). Messrs. Tho.^. Cripps &, Son, Tunbridge AVells, showed a very handsome group of Disa grandiflora, excel' lently grown, well-flowered, and showing great variali'm (Silver Banksian Medal). W. C Ci.ARK, E^q., Orleans House. Sefton Park. Liverpool, exhibited Cypripedium x Harrisander (Harrisianum x Sinderianum), a very distinct and pretty hybrid, showing the compresso i lip and curved wavy petals of C. Sanderianum in a marke hut. and it was advisable to shade them or phmge them into shingle. Soil was important. Fibrous loam should form the basis and if a little sand and brick rubbish be added, the soil would be made porous and the plants root freely. Propagation by means of off-sets and cuttings was very easy in the case of almost all the species. The operation should be done at a suitable time, that they may make roots before winter. Off-sets or cuttings should not be taken fiom plants that have been in thi^ country l^ss than twelve months. The worst icsect pest was the Mealy Bug. The best way to exterminate it, is to seek it out and remove it : afterwards to wash the plants with a very weak solution of paraffin. Reference was also made a kind of blight, and the advice given that in cases of this the plants should be cat down. The chief source of supply was from the North American continent, and de ilings with Mexico had been much simpli- fied of la'.e. Much of the technical part of the paper was reserved for publication in the Society's Jovu-nal. In a discussion which occurrei afterwards, Mr. Pritch.a,rd referred to sufficient ventilation being an i;idispensable con- dition. They liked heit, but must not be baked. This gentleman pleaded that someone might translate foreign works upon Cacti, that they might be available to English cultivators. Mr. Cax.sell of Swanley strongly recommended thai the hot-water pipes necessary for the heating of a structure for these plants should be suspended close to the eaves of the house. The system had worked most satisfactorily at Swanley. Mr. Cankelt. also stated that Mealy Bug could be killei easily and safely by the use of the X L All vaporiser. Mr. G. W. Cummins stated that he had seen the house the lecturer had i-eferreil to at Chiswick, and th.at the ghiss was broken owing to the method of glazing. He thought the house most unsuitable for cacticulture. Dr. Masters (Chair- man) referred to the *' tough hide " and other structural adap- tations to resist undue evaporation. He had seen them cul- tivated to great advantage in cottage windows, and they flourished well in such a dense district as Limehouse. There were no more interesting plants than Cacti ; and, none more gaudy when in flower. WATERFORD HORTICULTURAL. JrLv ii^.— The annual summer eyhihiti n of this wcU- .supportcd society was held on the above date in the Court- house groinids, Watcrford, an admirable place for a show uf this kind, affording ample .--cope for the carrying out of the an-an gem cuts. The competition that the various sections of the show displayed this year was acknowledged to be above the commonplaca level, and the result cannot fail to add mate- rially to the reputition of Waterfurd as a centre of horti- cultural operations second to none in Ireland. The exhibits in every department reflected great credit on professional and amateur growers alike, and both in point uf quantity and quality, exceeded the anticipations of the most ex- perienced members of the society. The Begonias and Pelargoniums were especially of more than average merit. Orchids were shown by W. G. D. Goff, Esq., Glenville (gr., Mr. lunes). This gentleman exhibited numerous other plants. His Orchi.is were novelties in that part of Ireland, and excited great interest. The Marquis of Waterford's exhihitg were likewise m!, Celery, of great size and well blanched ; Onions, Cabbages, Caulillowors, and Turnips cuiistitutel the dishes in the collections. Mr. Flender. Cultoghey Gardens, was 1st ; the 3nd prize collection was also excellent ; indeed, every vegetable waj good. ROSES, &e. The earliness of the season was in favour of most of the out of -doors produce. Roses were comparatively scarce. Messrs. Croi.l, of Dundee, had a capital exhibit of thirty-six blooms, which was awarded 1st prize ; Mr. Cocker, Aberdeen Nursery, made an excellent 2nd — Horace Vernet. Ulrich Brunnor, Gustave Piganaau, A. K. Williams, White Lady, W. Brunnor, Scuateur Vaiso, were shown in extra fine form — this cid variety is still one of the most perfect in form. In the Agricultural Show splendid stmds of seeds, grasseSj cut flowers, roots, kc, attracted much attention, and were specialties of Messrs. Webb, Stourbridge, Mr. Watt, Cupar, Fife, and Drummond Bros., Edinburgh. Lord Balvair, the future heir to the princely domain of Scone Palace, presided at the judges' dinner, and spoke on practical Horticulturo and its pleasure-giving influe ce to those who follow it, cottagers and amateurs iu particular. ROYAL PERTHSHIRE HORTICULTURAL. July 23. — This aucicty held its fir.st exhibition of this season in conj miction with the Highland and Agi'ieultural Society, on the above date. The exhibits in every class were fairly numerous, and the quality was of high order. The tables of plants— foliage and flowering -raised keen competition. The 1st prized was, however, easily taken by Mr. Francis Nicol, gardener to Twos. Rov, Esq. Tlie plants consisted for the greater part of Orchids, They all exhibited most successful culture. The species most conspicuous were Odontoglossum crispum, Miltonia vexillaria, of many shades of colour, and rnost floriferous ; Cypripodium Curtisii, On- cidinms. Epidendniins, &c. They were set on a gro\mdwork of Ferns— but we thi>ught, as did many others, that their PLAISTOW AND UPTON PARK FLORICULTURAL. July 23, 2i. — Oac cuuld scarcely expect to see plants well- grown at Plaistow, for though it has some open spaces, remnants ol" markei-gardcns which cuuld be found there a few yoari ago, yet there are enormous gas^'orks, chemical, and other raiuu''actorie3 that must bo prejudicial to vegeta- tion. And yet the very existence of the above society is a proof that something can be done, and we were somewhat astonished to fini so many good examples of careful cultiu'c. The society is ons formed by working men to induce others of their own order to taks up the cultivation of plants, and there are ch?ering signs they are achieving this result, as the second exhibition, held on the above date iu St. Mary's P.arish- Hall, w.is a distinct advance upon the first. Groups of plants were shown by amateur.^, one to occupy a table space of 12 superficial feet. Here Mr. Earl, Eistjrn Road, a machino-m ikcr, w.as 1st with bright flower- ing and fuliagod plants ; and Mr. R. Coi-rt, a tin-plate worker, was 2nd. The best table group of 0 feet came from Mr. White, Upton Park, a manafactm-er's workman ; Mr. M. Weeks, was 2nd. Still auothcr group of ainstaking deliberation and counting up of marks, the 2nd went to Messrs. A. Dickson & Son, Newtowuards, CO. Down, whose lot, upon the whole, was more even; and the iird to Messrs. D. ts were Xavier olibo, Ulrieh Brunner, Francois Michelou, John Stuart Mill, Mdlle. Joseph Bennairc, Honice Vemet, and Alfred Colomb. The prizes went as follows : — For twenty-four distinct, single trusses (open to residents within 20 miles of Manchester', Mr. Charlf:.s Birce-s, Plumbley; and Mr. T. 8. Jackson, Ashley, had stands of good averagL* blooms, and they held iwsition in niust of the clasacs, followed by Mr. Jas. Brown, Heaton, Meracy. FRUIT. Mr. Goodacro, gr. to the Earl of Hareixgtos, Derby, had tbe iiremier prize; Mr. Josee-ii Ward, Alfreton, was *^nd for a collection of fruit, and also f- -r the twelve best bunches of Grapes. The six bunches of Muscat of Alexandria were large and shapely, but a little wanting in colour. Mr. J. E. Platt, Cheadlc, was 2nd with a g.»od fresh lot, and Mr. Ei.PHiNsToNF. had also a creditable lot from Shipley Hall. Mr. McKellar exhibited from .\btioy Hall a collection of fruit comprising six bunches of Grapes, Lord Napier Nee- tarines, and Jefferson Plums. HONORARY EXHIBITS. There was a voiy large lot of miscellaneous cut border flowers, comprising several hundred bouque's of them in gla-sses in grand colour, but sadly wanting somo greenery among them to reduce the stiff foimality. The white Asters wei-o superb; the Carnations. Liliums, Stocks, Gaillardiis, and Chrysanthemums— in fact, every description of llower suitable fur cutting for the daily market hero were put up by Mr. Frank Law, Shcrington Farm, Sale. Messrs. SurroN A Sons, Rei-liug. had a grand assortment of Begonias, both single and double. The .setting them in Maidenhair Ferns had a good cff'ect. Messrs. Paul & Sons, Choshunt, hid a very good collection of cut Phloxes, the bhie one tiiking the eye. They also showed Tea and Noisette Roses, and a select collection of cut flowers. Mr. Septimus PvE.Garsfcmg, "Pansy, Viola, and Carnation specialist," had a very lai-ge representative lot, justifyiug the title he bears. The Viohis were nmged on a tiered trellis in single pynimids of bloom ; and the Fancy Pansies were really a good well- cultivated lot— well shown, too. Feehng allusiun was made at the luncheon to the death of Mr. Bruce Findlay. Dean Hole, who was cxi>ected to have opened the sliow, sent his expressions of regret in suit- able words ; and the c-are of the gardens were deputed to two members of the Council— Mr. Brown and Mr. Rukinscn, who were ably seconded by the late Mr. Findlay'a lieutvnant, Mr. Charles Paul. THE MIDLAND CARNATION AND PICOTJEE. July 24.— This followed close upon the heels of the exhibi- tion of the London society : it was necessary it should be so, for the season of the bloom, owing to the great heat and dryness of the atmosphere, was compressed into a very few days. At Birmingham decidedly better quality prevailed than at the Crystal Palace. There were no flowers from the South, but to those numerously shown from the Midlands there could he added blooms from Lancashire and Yorkshire and so a display of quality quite beyond what was anticipated took place. Entries were numerous, and there were but few absentees. As usual the exhibition took place in the show house of the Botanical Gardens, overhead being wreaths of Bougainvillea, Tacsonia, Lapageria, A:c., and considering the warm atmosphere of such a building, the flowers la-sted remarkably well. Mr. Robert Svdenuah, the Chairman and Treasurer, was again to the fore, taking some of the princi- pal prizes, and becoming the holder for a year of the very handsome Challenge Cup given by the Society for a competi- tion amon^ trade growers. The compE^mon cup given by the Charles Turner Memorial Trustees for amateur growers brought a dead heat between Mr. CtJAs. F. Thurstan a rising young grower of Wolverhampton, and Mr. A. W. JoNE3, Handsworth, Birmingham ; they being with 42 points each. Itv/as suggested that each should hold the cup for six months out of the twelve. CARNATIONS. There were eleven competitors with twelve Flake and bizarre Carnations, and it w.is remarked by the judges that the stands were astonishingly equal in point of merit, there not being a great deal to choose, between the first and the last ; and this made the task of awarding seven prizes in each class a somewhat onerous one. Mr. R. Sydenuam, Tenby Street, Birmingham, was placed 1st, having very good blooms of P. P. B. Arlinc, P. F. Gordon Lewis, S. B. Robert Lord, R. F. Mrs. Rowan. S. F. Guardsman, 8. B. Edward Adams, P. P. B. Samh Payne, P. P. B. W. Skirving, C. B. J. D. Hcxtall, P. F. George Melville, C. B. Master Fred and R. F. Rob Roy. 2nd, Jlr. Tom Lord, florist. Todmor- den, with C. B. Master Fred, P. P. B. Edith Annie, S. B. Admiral Curzon, C. B. Lord Salisbury, P. F. Magpie, C. B. Thaddeus, P. P. B. Arliue, S. F. Sportsman, S. B. Robert Lord, R. F. Thaha, S. F. Guardsman, and C. B. J. S. Hedderly. There wore eleven exhibitors of six varieties, and in this class the corapetitiun was also keen ; Mr. Crosslev Head, Hebden Bridges, taking the 1st prize. riCOTEE.S. There were eleven exhibitors of twelve white ground Picottes, and here again the competition was very close and exciting. Mr. R. Sydenham was again 1st, having H. Red E. Mrs. Wilson, L. Rose E. Favourite, H. Ro. B. Little Phil, L. P. E. Pride of Leyton, L. P. E. Jessie, H. Ro. E, Lady lx)ui8a, H. P. E. Muriel, H. Ro. E. Mrs. Payne, H. P. K. Amy Robsirt, H. P. E. Mrs. Openshaw, L. Red E. Lena, and H. Red E. Ganymede, "ind, Mr. J. Edwards, Florist. Man- chester, with a dozen blooms which ran those of Mr. Syden- ham very close mdeed. There were eleven exhibitors of six Picoteca, Mr. Crosslev Head being again 1st with H. Red E. Brunette, L. Ro. E. Nellie, L. P. E. Tho.s. William, L. P. E. Esther, H. P. E. Zerliua, and H. Ro. E. Mrs. Payne ; and Mr. C. F. Thur.stan, Wolverhampton, was 2nd. YeHow Grouifls and Fanc/f.*.— These were finely shown, and there were nine entries for twelve dissimilar varieties, Mr. R. Sydenham again tiking the 1st Prize with Romulus, Monarch, Yellowhammer, Cardinal Wolsoy, Ladas, Nisbet Hall, The Dey, Mrs. Gooden, 'Janira, Mi-s. R, Sydenham, Mrs. Douglas and Corisande; Mr. A. R. Brown, florist, Handsworth, was 2nd; Messrs. Thomson 4: Co., nurserymen, Sparkhill, Bir- mingham, wore 3rd. There were nine exhibitors of six varieties. Mr. C. F. Tnt-RSTAN w;i8 1st with excellent blooms of George Cruik- shauk, Tbe Dey, Yellowhammer, Ladas, Mrs. Douglaa, and Mrs. R. Sydenham; 2ud, Mr. A. W. Jones. The next cla^s was for true Yellow-ground Picotcos, the flaked and fancy varieties excluded ; Mr. A. W. J<'Ne.s being placed 1st, with Ladas, Countess of Jersey, Mrs. R. Syden ham, Mrs. Douglas, Mrs. Gooden, and Mrs. Whitboum ; Mr. R. Sydenham was a close 2nd with the same varieties, except- ing Mrs. Whitboum, he staging Mrs. Dranfield. Mr. Syden- ham is to be commended for instituting this class, as it is high time the true Yellow Picotces should be formed into a class by themselves. S:lj Carualion»,~'Vi\ie leading prizes; of C. Bs., J. S. Hedderley, Lord SaUsbury and Edward Rowan ; of P. P. Bs., William Sk'rving took all the prizes ; and of S. Fs., Sportsman ; R. Fs., Mrs. Rowan and Mrs. May ; P. Fs., Gordon Lewis and James Douglas. Pkotees.—H.'Red E. : Mr. John Sdnthand had Brunette ; L. Red E. Thomas William and Mrs. Gorton, H. P. E. Polly Brazil and Murit_-l, L. P. E. Pride of Leyton, Ann Lord and Chira Penson, H. Rose E. Lady Louisa and Mrs. Payne, L. Rose E. Favourite, H. Scarlet E. Mrs. Sharp, one of the brightest edged flowers in cultivation. S'-lfs. — ^Tiite. Mrs. Eric Hambro and Mr. Lee ; yellow or buff, Germania. nothing can beat it; pink rose or scarlet, William Dean (Sport) and Ruby ; dark crimson or maroon, Manxman, a very fine northeru flower, and Mephisto. The best yellow ground Picotce was Mrs. R. SydL-nham, it touk the three leading iirizes ; the best Fancy was a run form of the S. B. Othello, Romulus and President Caruot. Premier £loo)iis.—Thc best bizarre was S. B. Gilbert, a rich coloured new variety from Mr. J. Edwards; he had also the 140 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AoocsT 1, 1896. premier rose flake in Mrs. Rowan ; the pieraier heavy edged Picotec in P. E. Mrs. Edwards; and the premier light edged in Bcv. E. ThoTuis Wdlianis ; the premier j-ellow ground Mis. R. Syilunham fr.mi Mr. R. Svdbnh.im ; the premier self, Mrs. Erie Ilam ro, white, from Mr. A. U. Brown; the the premier fancy Monarch, also from Mr. R. Svdknham. B.jrdi- Oinialioiu shown in bunches with Ion'} stenn were a good feature, five stems forming a bmicli. The best twelve came from Messrs. Rogers & Son, Wliittle.sea, Peterborough ; Messrs. Thomson & Co. being 2nd, and Mr. J. Walkkr, 3rd, The best Carnation from Mr. C. F. Thiirktan ; the Rev. C. P. Bbickweu,, liroadway. w.as 2nd ; and Mr. Geo. Chaunov. Oxford, 3rd. With twelve hunches of F.incics and Solfs, Messrs. Rogers & Sox were ag.iin 1st, Messrs. TllOMso.s- M Co., 2nd. With .six bunches, Mr. Geo. CriAtiNDV was 1st, and the Rev. M. Bktckwell, 2nd, but none of the varieties were named, though there is a rule requiring they should be so. ,Pofs of Cunmlions represented by well-grown and bloomed specimens were shown in sixes; Mr. R. Svoenuam was Isl, and Messrs. Thomson 4. Co., 2nd. Mr. R. Svdeniiasi w.is the only exhibitor for Mr. Ernest Benary's special prize tor six varieties raised in Erfurt, he having admirably-grown and flowered jdants. The Sdver Jledal of the Botanical Society was awarded to Jlr. R Sydenham, and the Bronze Medal to Mr. T. Loan, they having g.iined the greatest number of prizes in certain classes. .In other cla scs the Silver Meflal went to Messri. Rogers & Son, and the Bronze Modal to the Rev. Mr. BniCKWELL. Certificates of Merit were awarded to Yellow Self Cai nations Lord Wanklge, pure, and finely formed, from Mr. T. E. Henwood, Reading ; and to the following new varieties of Sweet Peas from Mr. Henhv Eckf.ird, viz., Lidy Nina Balfour. S.alopian, and Prince Edward of York. Mr. John EwiNG. — Many hn'iilues of the Slietfield liotanical Gaitltns ill tbo old days [and doubtless numerous readers of this journal. En.] will hear with regret of the death, ou July 23, of Mr. .John Ewing, a gentleman who for more tiiau thirty years occupied the responsible post of Cur.ator there. Mr. Ewing was a native of Fife. He was well known among the leading horticulturists aud nur.ierymen of the country, and in his Later days loved to talk of tho great people with whom he was acquainted Wlien the late Emperor of Brazil visited Sheftield, he called upon Mr. Ewing at G o'clock in the morn- ing, aud tho two paraded the pleasant ground.-), \ Dtirliiiglon, CYCLAMEN PERSICUM VAR. QRANDIFLORUM. — To have the.se ])retty plants in tho best condition, the following method of culture should be alo)ited, The seed should bo sown forthwith, cue being taken to procui-c seeds of a good strain. Prepare some thoroughly clean, shallow, earthenware pans, draining them with clean crocks, and tilling them with a compost consisting of loam and leaf-mould in equ.d parts, and a liberal amount of clean sharp sand all ivell mixed together and made firm, and afterwards watered and allowed to stand aside for an hour or two. In sowing, place one seed on each square inch of surface, cover to the depth of .V inch with finely- sifted soil ; afford water lightly with a fine rose w,ater-pot, and when the surface is dry, place a sheet of thick brown paper over each pan, and stand in a house or pit having a warmth of 60^, well shading the pan.a from tlie sun, By keeping th^ sm'fuoe of the paper moist, it is not usually found to be necessary to water the soil in the pans before germination has taki 11 place ; still, in hot dry weather it is prudent to examine the seed-pans occasionally to ascertain if tho direct application of water is required, for on no account should the soil lack moisture. Plants raised from seed which was sown in the autumn of last year, if their cultivation has been of the proper kind, should now receive their last re-potting, the compost used being that which I have recommended for the sced- p.ans, only in a rougher condition ; merely adding a small quantity of an artificial fcrtili.ser. I'l.icu the plants near the gla=s. well shading them from bright sunshine, for at no time whil.st in growth can the Cyelameu stand exposure to bright sunshine. l'"or a month .after rc-potting, the plauts should bo dewed overhead at least twice a day, after that length o. time overhead danipiug must be discontinued, and the plauts carefully watered, taking care that the tubers are aot even wetted ou the top, or the damping- oli of the flower stalks may result. BALSAMS. — These btaiitifiil plauts, if raised from earl^'-sown .^eed, and their cultivation has been carried on in a brisk bottom-heat (80°), afforded by Btable-manurc and tree-leave 5, may now be re- potted for the last time. If the plauts are intended for greenhouse, conservatory, or house decoration, pots of IJ or 7 inches in diameter are sufficieutly large, mauurial aids to growth being better than the use of very large pots. The soil used should bo rich, and consist of one part of dried cow-dung, one of leaf- mould, one of lo;im, and one of sharp sand if the loam be tenai.ious. When re-potted, plunge the plants up to the rim of the pot in a partly-spent hotbed. If large well branched plants are riqirn'ed,10 to 1 1 inch pots may be used. Althoitgii I'l.dsanis are gross fced- iig plants, do not begin to all'oid tin in nianuri -water before the soil is tilled with roo's. I'anip the pl.ints overhead morning and evening, attend to the tliiniiing of the side-shoots, and remove the blooni-bnds entirely till the plant has arrived at the required size, or u^aily -so. CROTONS. — Sunshine .and a free circulation of nir are the chief factors in getting Crotons to colour well. The Crotons struck from cuttings in the spring shouM now be alioided their last re potting for the fc.ison, which may consist of 5 or t'> inch j>ots. Such ]dants wdl. in the course of two nii>nths. make very siiitalile plants late in the aiituiiin and early winter for a v.iriety of purposes. l'ot-l>ound Crotons will require muiure water to encourage growth, aud for this purp ise the drain.age of the cow slied is excel- lent ; and where this cannot be olitained, Thomson's, Clay's, P>eeson's, and ijoiilding's arc all good if used according to the directions given with them. THE OBOHID HOUSES. B.v W. H. VlHtTF., Orchid Gromr, ISur/nnl, Dorkin:!. LESS-SHOWY ORCHIDS.— l-twing to a desire for large and sliowy Urehids, a great number of the smaller-growing species have been neglected. No des- cription can give an adequate idea of the quaint distinc- tiveness of many of these or of their varied charms, wTiich in a representative collection are present in mire or less degree thi'oughout the year. Among th'se may be mentioned Bulbophylliim b.irbigeruin, B. coniosiim, B. mandibulare, B. Lobbi. B. Krie.ssoui, B. patens, B. Dearei, B. grandiHoruiu, B. unibcllatum, 15. longisepaluiu, B. ■Sillemianum, .and 1!. auricomum, Cirrhopetalum Moilus;c, C. Cniuingi, C. ornatLssimum, C. Kothschililianum, 0. robustum, 0. Thouarsi, C. picturatuni, C. Macraci, C. O'Biienianuiu, ( '. CoUetti, aud many others. Their culture is not particularly difficult. Many of them having long creeping rhizomes, aud being vigorous in haljit, should be pl.uitod in Teak wood baskets of sutlicient tizc. For tho smaller growing varieties shallow jians are in every way suitable 'i'he liasketsor pans used should bj tilled to three-fourths of their depth with elcm crocks, ;iii'l a l.iyer of siihagimm moss placed above these. Lfpon tliis place ttie pl.ants, aud earetully spread out the roots over the surface of the moss, then fill up to the rhizome with ordinary t'irchid compost, mixing a moderate quantity of small crocks with it. After repotting, and until the roots and growths have fairly started, only a very slight sprinkling of water on the compost is necessary ; but wdien re-established, and in full growth, they lequire an almost unlimited supply of water at the loot. The proper time to re-pot Bull»o[)liyllums, Cirrho- petalums, Sarcopodiums, aud Megacliniunis, is just when now growth commences. All of them should be suspended close to tho roof - glass on the shadj side of tba K-at liidiau- house, cr warm plant; stove. Insect pests rarely trouble them, but an occasional sponging of the leaves is conducive t> hcallhy growth. 'J h-; rare Cicliopsis hyacintho-sma may be grown under similar conditions, and in shallow baskets, but no crocks need be used for drainage, as the flower-spikes alw.iys push out through the bottom of the basket. Aeiueta Barkeri, A. deusa, A. Uuuiboldti, A. chrysauth.a, Stanhopea Wardi, S. iusigiiis, S. tigrina, S. cburnca, S. Rnckeriaua, &c., a'so Luddemanuia Lehm.aniii, and L. triloba have all similar chai'acteristics in their habit of flowering, therefore basket culture is the most suitable tor them. The correct temperature for these species is that of the intermedi.ite-house. Abundance of water is essential during the grosving sea.soi), and it is well to periodic;Uly sponge the under-surf.ace of the leaves to prevent tho attacks of red-spider, to which Stauhopeas, Aciuetas, aud Luddeiuannias are subject. Arpophyllum gigantcuiu and A. spicatum, when strongly grown and well bloomed, make handsome specimens. Both speciei thrive in well-drained pots in a mixture of peat and sphagnum. Stand them in a light position in the intermediate-house, and aBord plenty of water at .all times. Epiden- drum prismatocarpuni, E. variegatum, E fragrans, E. br.is?avolie and E. Stamfordianum, having finished flowering, are now commencing to grow afresh, and any that need to be repotted may now be taken in hand. Afl'urd plenty of drainage, and elevate the base of the plants a trifle above the rim of the pot ; and use a compost consisting of two parts of rough fibry peat to one of sphagnum-moss. Place them in a liglit moist position in tho intermediate-house, ami all'oid water carefully until well rooted, neither lot iiig them' become very dry nor too moist. COOL-HOUSES.- Such Orchids as Oncidium Pha- hemqpsis, O. nubigenum, O. cucuUatum, 0. olivaceum Lawrenceanum, O. da.sytyle, (J. eristatum, O. virgula- tiim, and 0. St. Legeiianum will now require fre.-h material to root in. The first four named species succeed btst in pots stood upon the ordinary stage, .and in the coolest and shadiest position availalde. The other species prefer shallow pans suspended from close up to the roof glass of the house. All of them should be ]p|entifully supplied with water during the season of growth. The pretty Cochlioda Noetz'.iaua should also lie repotted nosv that it is starting to grow. During summer the cool-house is the best pi ice for it; but in winter, when tho weather is severe, the inter- mediate house is better. Keep this hou.so .as cool as ])o.ssible, and, if necessary, sliafle a trifle Iieavitr than UBud during brilliant sunshine, .and syringe the shad- ing several times during the day ; also the iiiterinediato extern.al surioumliugs may be kept moist by the same means ; aud only aflford water at the root when it is necessary. THE HARDY FBXTIT GARDEN. By G. WooDOATE, IJarJcner, Rollealoii UaU, Burtonon-Trent. PEACH AND NECTARINE TREES— All the young wood should be secured, keeping it straight and ueitly trained between the old shoots and branches, being careful that they do not unduly shade or inter- fere with the development of tho fruit. In doing this be careful to remove wall nails and studs which may injure any of the fruits ; remove the leaves that overhang the latter, so that they may receive full exposure to sunshine, in the .absenco of which the high colour characteristic of most varieties of Peaches and Nectarines never fully devclopes. Syringe the troos daily till the fruit begins to ch.ange colour, then discontinue it entirely till the crop is taken. Where a mulch is spread on tho border, and trees have a daily syringing, the surface-soil will generally show a sutlicicntly moist appearance, but these indications arc deceptive as to the state of the soil as regards moisture at 6 inches deep ; tho prudent gardener will thcreforo examine the bord rs to their full depth, aud atl'ord water as it lu.ay seem to be needed. Some fre.sh niaiiuie should be placed on the borders if the tild mulch has in great part disa|)[)earod. CHERRIES.-The nets should be removed fr.iiu all trees whence the crop is taken, and placed over the Morello Cherry-trees. The secondary growths of sweet varieties may bo shortened back to a leaf, and insect-pests destroyer! with tobacco- water. Ac , and the trees washed with clean water early in the afternoon in sunny weather. The borders in most gardens will require to be thoroughly saturated with water. APPLES AND PEARS. — The early varieties will now require spec'al attention as regards gathering the fruit, for if these are gathered t.nly a few days before they are re.ady, flavour will be conspicuous by its absence, and if they are 1-lt on the trees too long tliej? become me.-.ly. Jt js a §"Qd prjictice to po ovev AuGCST 1, 1896.] THE GABDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 141 the trees daily, taking o£f a few at a time as they become fit. VINES. — Lay in, and make secure the young rods of Vines which were left for extending the Vine or taking the place of old branches ; remove the weaker laterals where tbere are too many, securing t'l tlie wall those that are retained ; also remove the smaller and worst-placed bunches if the crop is too heavy for the Vine to properly finish off. THE FliOWEB GARDEN. By Hedlev Warren, Ganknery Aston CliiUon, Tring. HERBACEOUS BORDERS. -These borders will re- quire frequent attention in order to prevent over- crowding, wiiich may be partly obviated by the removal of all useless growtli.s, aud these are, in con- sequence of the drouglit, very numerous in some kinds of soil. Tall-growing plants should be made secure against wind by means of strong stakes, one, two, or three, as may seem de.sirable being given to each plant. Asters, Stocks, and other annuals, made use of in tilling up vacant spaces in the border, should not be allowed to lack moisture, but this should be frequently applied till such time as a good fall of rain takes place. GENERAL WORK.— Foliage-plants will need to be cut back where the beds in which they are growing form part of a geometrical garden. The decaying flowers on shrubby Calceolarias should bi^ kept picked off the plants, and the latter kept in as vigorous a condition as possible, thus favouring their flowering, and the production of shoots fit for making cuttings at a later part of the year. Mowing will require careful doing until the turf regains its fresh- ness, it having become much browned by the drought. In many gardens there is really no grass to cut. In places where the gardener is enabled to water the lawns, this work should not be suspended before we get abundant rains. Gravel walks made of binding materials, the surface of which may have become loose, should be watered also where the means allow it to be done, afterwards giving them a good rolling ; otherwise, beyond the rolling giving a tidier appear- ance, little good is done. Nothing adds so much to the well-kept appearance of a place as smooth, clean walks, neatly trimmed at the edges. PROPAGATION OF SUMMER BEDDING PLANTS will soon engage the attention of the flower-gardener who makes much use of the tenderer kinds of plants in filling his flower-beds. lu order that as little delay as possible should occur when the work is begun, various mixtures of soils should be got in readiness, flower-pots, pans, aud bo.xes cleaned and crooked, aud the frames or pits in which the cuttings are to be placed should be cleaned, aud the bottom surfaced with clean gravel or fine coal iishes. EARLY-FLOWERING CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— These useful and pretty plants are now growing rapidly, and in some instances the flower-buda are expanding, looking well ou the whole in spite of tbe drought. It would, however, be well to afford them farmyard liquid-manure, or some kind of artificial manure, par- ticularly the plants growing in shrubbery borders, the soil in such places being rendered very dry by the roots of the shrubs, &c. Madame De.«granges" still holds its own as one of the most useful Chrysanthe- mums for flowering outside ; others worthy of cultivation being La Vierge, Precocite, Mrs. Hawkins, and Mrs. CuUingford. GYPSOPHILA PANICULATA, now in the height of flower, is one of the most useful of our hardy plants, its gracefulness being its greatest attractiou. The light graceful sprays of blossoms m.aUe, when placed in flower-glasses or vases along with Sweet Peas, Coreopsis lanceolata, Icehand Poppies, ami Fern fronds, a very pretty combination. This plant is propagated by seed or division of the roots. Seeds should be sown as soon as ripe on a spent hotbed, the mouth of June being the most suitable period. [G. corastioides seeds may be sown in the same manner from the beginning of May to the end of June, the plants making capital groundwork or edgings. G. elegans should be sown in the open ground where it is intended to flower, and it is a most abundant bloomer ; this species and G. muralis should be sown on a spent hotbed, or in pots in the greenhouse in the month of May. The last two are annuals. Ed.] Division of perennial species should be carried out when the plants are ou the move. STATICE LATIFOLIA (Ureal Hca Lavender) and its kindred varieties are amongst some of our best autumn- flowering perennials, and their vjlue for decorative purposes in the fre.-^h and in the dried state are not sufficiently known. The plants are of easy cultivation, thriving in almost any kind of soil or position, and they should therefore find a place in every garden, however small. The annual varieties are very useful, although not so much so as S. latifolia. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. By C. Herrik, Gardemr, Dropmore, MaidenkmiJ. ONIONS. — Although the time has now arrived when sowings of Onions to .stand through the winter should be made, the preparation of the seed-beds will entail much labour if the drought continues. In the event of rain not falling la quantity before this appears in print, it may be advisable to defer sowing for a short time, as with the present warmth in the soil, should rain en.sue, the growth would be rapid. Planting and sowing of every description has hitherto been carried on with difficulty, and with a change in the weather much of this kind of work which has had to wait will require to be finished up quickly. If the plot intended to be sown with winter Unions carried a crop of Peas or Cauliflowers, it should be dressed with rotten manure, and then dug, thoroughly incorporating the manure with the soil, and immeiliately afterwards trampliug it over, so as to confine the small amount of moisture present in it. On preserving moisture, and the ammonia of the manure, much of the well-being of the future crop will depend, and this is most effectually done by compacting the soil. After affording a dressing of soot and burnt garden-refuse to the dug ground, rake it over, and treat generally in the manner recom- mended for spring sowings. If the seeds are sown before rainfall, the drills, which should bo drawn fully 1 inch deep and 12 inches apart, mu^t be copiously watered before and after the seeds are put into the ground, covering them with soil, with theb.ack of a rake. By doing the work in this manner, the moist soil may be made to re^t upon the seeds, and that which is dry, if raked over the surface after- wards, will then act as a mulch, and prevent the rapid escape of moisture from the land. Although any variety of Onion may be sown at this season, there arc some which are gcnenilly recognised as being more suitable than others. The e.irly white Naj'les Tripoli is quick to form useable bulbs, but the seeds should not bo sown in quantity, a.s the bulbs arc not good keepers ; the Giant Uocca, Globe Tripoli, Brown Globe, and James' Keeping are better. What remains in the ground of the Onion crop of last autumn may now be pulled up, dried in the open air, and then stored aw,ay thinly iu some cool slied. SPRING-SOWN ONIONS.— These, if not mulched with short manure, should be kept well stirred, :is the frequent waterings afforded the land will have caused it to cake, and where they have not had water applied during the drought they will bo very small. OUT-DOOR TOMATOS.— These, with us, have set well, and matiy of the plants have three or more good bunches of fruits which are swelling fast. A mulch of rotten manure should be put over the roots, and a copious watering afforded .as often as may be neces- sary, with liquid or artificial manure occasionally. The plants should have all side growths removed twice a week, the stem being secured in an upright position. If the laterals are pinched out as soon as observed, there will be little need for the removal of the chief leaves, at least, for a time. VARIOUS. — Marrows and Ridge Cucumbers should be well supplied with water, and the fruits removed as soon as large enough fiir use, otherwise growth will be much restricted, and the flowers fail to set. Dis- used hot-beds may have Vegetable Marrow seeds dibbled into them, the plaots tims raised, iu a favour- able autumn, producing a useful crop of late Marrows. Seedlings of common Thyme, Marjoram, aud such like, should be thinned, vacancies in the herb borders made good ; and with a change to dull or wet weather, slips of Sage, if dibbled in, will strike freely. iug this, they may be stood upon boards or trellis- work, being careful, wherever they are placed, to avoid crowding them, so that air and sunlight may have full play on all sides. Aflbrd water plentifully when the soil fills with roots, and weak liquid-manure two or three times a week. All runners which form should be taken off weekly, and the soil kept free from weeds. If the required number of runners for general forcing have not been layered, they should be secured forthwith. THE PINERY. — Succession plants now in rapid growth require liberal yet careful ventilation, to prevent their leaves becoming drawn ; and if, owing to insufficient space being available at potting- time, they were closely crowded together, a re- arrangement should now be made, and more space afforded each plant. Examine the stock of pl.ants on alternate days, and when water is afforded, let it be without stint, so as to moisten the ball of soil throughout. Plants which will fruit early in 1897 should be grown on without any check from over-dryness being g^ven, which might result in premature fruiting. Lightly syringe them every afternoon on fine days, doing it very lightly over the foliage, as to have water constantly standing in the axils of the leaves is very undesirable. r)uring the late tropical weather fire-heat has been altogether dispensed with here, but it will be turned on as required if the weather alter to dull and rainy. The degree of warmth at night should range from 65' to 70° for successions, and 70' to 75 for fruiters, with a 10° increase by day. Main- tain humidity about the plants which have swelling fruits, syringing the paths, and surface of the bed twice a day. and slightly dewing the plants after a bright d.ay without wetting the crowns. Plants with ripening fruit must not be allowed to get over-dry at this season, but sufficient water should be supplied to keep the soil nicely moist. Should more fruits appear to be ripening than are likely to be required at one time, some of the less forward ones— that is, before becoming fully coloured— may bo retirded by placing them in a well ventilated vinery ; and even quite ripe fruit may be kept in good condition for some time by taking the plants with the fruits thereon to a cool, dry fruit-room. THE APIARY. J?V E\i^EHT. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. Bi/ W. Pope, Gardiner, Hvjh<^lfre Castle, Newbury. STRAWBERRY-PLANTS FOR EARLY FORCING.— There should now be no delay in getting the rooted runners potted in the pots iu which they are intended to fruit, it being of primary importance that all which will be forced early iu the new year should fill the pots with roots, aud mature the crowns in good time, and iu that way assure the plants a season of rest before starting to force them, When potted, stand them on a firm and level bed of coal-ashes ; and, fail- DRIVINQ BEES : INCREASING STOCKS.— .\t this time of year stocks may be increased vei^ cheaply by means of driven bees, which can often be obtained from people who do not care, or who are afraid of taking their own honey, and are willing to give the bees away for the sake of having the honey taken from them. To commence driving bees, first see that you have all the necessaiy appliances by you, which should consist of a straw skep, two driving irons, and a skewer smoker filled with brown-paper, old cotton-waste, or old cloth — in fact, anything that will burn well, carbolic cloth, and a few goose or turkey feathers tied together to form a small brush. The driving-irons are easily made by taking two pieces of thin round iron, 8 or 9 inches in length, and bent down at each end about 1 inch to a sharp point, to allow it to enter the straw skep easily. The carbolic-cloth must not be made too wet ; the best way is to sprinkle the cloths with a small tin pepper-box containing a solution of one part carbolic (Calvert's No. 5), and one of warm water, which is better than cold, as it allows the carbolic to mix better. After you are pre- pared with the needful articles, give the bees a little smoke in the entrance of the hive, which causes them to fill them?elves with honey, and so to a certain extent subdues them ; then loosen the .skep on each side gently, which will always be found sealed down with propolis. Take the carbolic cloth in both hands, gradually rai.se the skep ; in doing so, allow the cloth to fall over the bottom of it ; see it is brought well over to prevent any bees from getting out ; carry a little way off. and stand on a bucket, box, or anything that will make a firm standing ; remove a little portion of the cloth, to see that the combs run (this is important, otherwise they will have to travel across the combs, and round the skep) into the empty skep, which you secure down to the full one firmly, and then attack tlie sides with the irons ; commence tapping each side gently, and the bees will run up very easily. In cases where the combs are soft, which is the case with swarms, great care should be exercised or the combs and bees will be all mixed up together. As soon as the hive has been removed, place an empty skep on the same stand to catch all the 142 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE, [AtJGUST 1, 1896. flying bees, which you can secure afterwards ; by doing this you not only save the bees, but tbe^ have something to do, instead of buzzing round you, when you are driving. In driving bees they will often go to the back of the skep : to prevent this, have a second cloth placed round it at the back ; this will cause them to go up into the empty one above. In carrying bees away, always carry them with the mouth of the skep upwards, and feed as soon as you get them home. ROBBING. — Having collected all the honey that is to be had, bees will attack weak stocks ; and to prevent this, close up the entrances of all hives to about 1 inch. This will enable them to protect themselves better, otherwise a colony will be robbed of all their stores and perish. LOUIS SCIPIO COCHET. Tbe famous French rosarian, whose death we briefly noticed in our issue for June 20, deserves to have a fuller notice than we were then enabled to give our readers. Coohet was a man of extraordinary strength of character, who gained for himself numerous friends ; and at his funeral at Grisy- Suisnes, one may .say, that all tho inhabitants of Gri.sy and Suisnes were present, besides many members of the Societe Nationale d'Horticulture de France. The important business at Suisnes which he guided with a firm hand, and of which many envied him the possession, was raised from very modest beginnings. It was founded by Christopher Cochet, with the assistance of Admiral, Comte Bougainville, in the year 179tf, Cochet being the Comte's gardener. He commenced with the cultivation of Roses in the open air, and brought them to such a state of per- fection and development that to this day the entire locality of Brie-Comfce-Robert, situated in a charm- ing part of the Seine-et-Marne department, bears the name of the " Pays des Roses."' The possession of tho nursery business at Suisnes descended from father to son in the family Cochet, and in 1853 Scipio Cochet, in company with his brother Philemon, began to exhibit great energy in tho conduct of tho nursery, bringing it up to re- quirements of the day. In 1860, S. Cochet became sole proprietor of the business in which he had been only partner, and in 1S77, in company with Camille Bernardin, he founded the Juarniil. dcs liosrs, a monthly periodical almost entirely devoted to Roses. The direction of affairs is now undertaken by Pierre Cochet, son of the deceased. Among the many fine Koses raised by the late L. S. Cochet, we may mention just a few that main- tain a leading place in collections in this country : Souvenir de la Heine d'Angleterre, Mdlle. Elise Chabrier, Chas. Lee, Baron Girardot, Madame Scipio (Jochet, Madame Bouin, Madame Pierre Cochet, Maman Cochet, Grand Due Pierre de Hussio, Mdlle. Marie Perrin, La Nantaise, and Baron G. de Noir- mont. A truly goodly list, and sufficient to keep the name of L. S. Cociiet in the grateful remembrance of lovers of Roses for a hundred years at the Icist. Foreign Correspondence. THE EFFECT OF SOIL ON PALMS. Here, in the Riviera, where Palms attain to gigantic dimensions in the open ground, it is interesting to note the effect that the soil has upon their develop- ment, as the following will show. We have here three distinct kinds of soil, sometimes confined to districts, or in some cases to be found in very limited areas. The three generally met with are — 1, granitic; 2, argillaceous ; and, 3, calcareous. Other kinds exist, but are generally found in narrow veins, the formation of which may bo attributed to the action of glaciers, of which there are many proofs of their existence in bygone ages. In the granite soil the majority of Palms thrive well, but owing to its porous nature, the trunk and petioles of the leaves become elongated, and the old leaves retain their vitality a much shorter time than when growing in a stiffer soil. In the argillaceous soil there is a marked dlfifer- ence ; the trunks have a tendency to increase in bulk (diameter), the Palms are much dwarfer, and the leaves retain their vitality nuich longer'. In this soil the Cocos, in most instances, refuses to grow for any length of time, and it is evident, with tl;e excep- tion of Phtenix, that this soil is the worst kind for the generality of Palms. The calcareous soil is decidedly the most suit- able to the generality of Palms (unless of too stifT a nature), as may be noted by their thorough develop- ment and the deep gieen tint of their foliage. Aspect, depth of soil, and nature of subsoil have to be taken into consideration ; but the latter, which invariably consists of hard impenetrable rock, is of little or no importance. Peat soil, which is sometimes employed in gardens here, is too expensive for experimenting with, but I have had occasion to note that Cocos flexuosa will not thrive in it. With regard to large specimens, it is evident that a good porous loam] is the nearest approach to their requirements. EbiGEBON MDCRONATDM (ViTTADINIA TBILOli.i). As far as I can ascertain, this plant is as yet little known in English gardens [?], but owing to its eiisy culture and froc-floworing habit it ought to prove a valuable addition to the flower-garden. It mostly reiembles a Liliput Daisy, and the flowers open nearly white and shade away to deep red, thus there are often several shades of colour on the same plant. It strikes freely from cuttings, and should prove a valuable plant for mixing with other colours for summer bedding. It withstands the drought, and might also be employed with efl'ect in the rock- garden. In the Riviera gardens it is chiefly em- ployed in the rockery .associated with succulent plants, where it gets but very little moisture during the summer months. A IIVBniD SEliM'IAS. Amongst the terrestrial Orchids of tliu Maiitiino Alpi it is rare to find a natur.al hybrid, but whilst botauisiug a short time .ago at St. Ccsaire, about twelve miles from Gra.sse, I h.ul the good fortune to discover one which has, I believe, not been found before. Allioni in his Fhiiv dcs Alius Marilimcs describes two, under the names of Serapias triloba, and Isias triloba. One was found at Berre in 1866, and is a supposed hybrid between Serapias lingua and Orchis papilionacea, and the other at Dimo, near D'Onielle, in 1813-1862, growing with Serapias longipetala and Orchis laxiflora, which are probably the parents. The one in question was growing with Serapias longipetala and Orchis globosa, and is un- doubtedly a hybrid between these two. The sepals ■and pet;ils are chocolate coloured, the dorsal sepal oval in shape, with the edges slightly curving inwards, and the lip trilobed, white, with purple lines and spots. It is rather singular that considering the quantity of seed which one capsule will pr.iduce, that in each case only one plant could be found, although I searched the spot thoroughly. Rifura. A DOUBLE-FLOWKIIED lUli iDdllENUKON MIKSUrHM. Last year a gentleman found in the neighbourhood of this much-frequented place some bunches of a very double Rhododendron hirsutum. I mentioned this to the inspector of the botanic garden at Insbruck, and was told by him of the following, I think very in- teresting occurrence. The former inspector of those gardens found in the Ortler district a Rhododendron ferrugineum with double flowers. He ex.amined these flowers very carefully, and discovered a very small, nearly microscopic insect in the tlower-heads. He concluded that this insect bites away the pistils in an embryo state, so that the latter developed into flower leaves. To ascertain tho correctness of his opinion, he throw some of the Rhododendron blooms into a copse of Sapouaria ocymoides, and visiting next year the place, w.as much pleased to find a large number of the Saponarias very double. Could tliis experience not be made use of in horticulture .' 0. /''., Lchciilii:/. [The production i^f douljle flowers in eou- sequeuco of the attacks of mites was asserted by the late Prof. Peyritsch. Ed.] Belgium. BRUSSELS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION IN 1897. DcEtNG this exhibition there will be held a perma- nent horticultui'al exhibition from May to November, including classes for groups and single specimens of trees and shrubs, Roses, herbaceous, sub-ligneous plants, annuals, decorative plants for tho green- house, iScc. There are to be four temporary exhibitions ; the first, an inaugural one, to take place in May, divided into two sections ; one section is for plants not for competition, that is to say, arranged according to the taste of the exhibitors, and composed of choice species and varieties remarkable for rarity, blooming, and cultivation. The other section U for plants in com- petition, including Palms, miscellaneou? species, flowering plants, tree Ferns, .and Orchids. There will also be a Rose show, .and in July a general exhi- bition, .also divided into two sections. One section to include imported plants, seedlings, examples of cultivation and flowering, general exhibits, special exhibits — Orchids, Palms, Pandanus, Scitamine;e, Ferns and Lycopods, Cycads, Conifere, Aroids, Marauta — Lilies and Bromcli.ads. Tho other divi- sion is for greenhouse plants, horticultural indus- tries, and Plantrs iVAppiirlnnent. In October there will be a Chrysanthemum show, with special classes for blooming, cultivation, grafting, and cut flowers. Cattleya Mossi^ at Moobtebeke. The houses of MM. Lucien Linden et Cie., at Moortebeke (near Brussels) have Lately been filled with glorious ra.asses of Cattleya Mossias, which attracted many admiring visitors. Among the varieties of this Orchid were C. M. moortebekensis, flower very large, petals and sepals WiU'm rose, lip golden yellow, save where the inferior lobe is veined with bright rose. Tho two spots on the throat extend to the \ipper edge, which is much curled, undulating, .and bordered with white above. The lip slopes very sharply. One variety has a straw-coloured throat, with a deep violet-red spot on the lower lobe, the edges fringed, bonlered with white ; in another, tho large lip is open, showing the column, the tbro,at rich citron-yellow, two great spots of the same tint on the sides of the tube ; the lower lobe veined with bright rose. A third variety has an extra lip, well formed, the bottom of the tube golden-yellow, the lower lobe of the lip bright carmine ; another has a long and beautifully-coloured lip, the bottom of the throjt golden-yellow, the front of the lip bright rose, the edges fringed. Yet another variety has a hand- some lip with two old-gold spots at the opening of the throat, and another purple carmine marking on the lower lobe, the edges fringed, undulating, and bordered with clear rose. Ch. D. B. Society of Jersey Gardeners.— The above young but certainly go-ahead society is to be con- gratulated on the success of its initial efl'ort of Thursd.ay, July 16, in the Triangle Park, Jersey. The fete was indeed a success, as evidenced from the fact that the gate receipts amoimted to £114 ."is. 3r/., leaving, after paying expenses, a sum of £60 5.<. 6(/. The fete opened with a presentation to Mr. PiiILIf Bauiiains, Constable of St. Helier. There were more than SOO exhibits, and among some of the principal prize-winners were Mr. K. Gould, Mr. Singleton, and Mr. G. T. Day among the flower group. Mr. A. LuxoN, the popular president, secured a Silver Medal for the best collection of Gladiolus; Quito a feature .among the exhibits was a display of Carnations by Mr. Tnos. S. Ware, of Halo Farm Nurseries, Tottenham ; .another fine display being those of Mr. P. Le Cobnu, of the Jersey Nur.series. The arrangements altogether were capital, but the society were somewhat overwhelmed by tUo success of their first endeavour, and but for tbe heaity co- operation of one and all, great confusion might have occurred. Some SOOO persons visited the show during the evening. AuoiTST 1, 1896.] THE GAB DENE RS' CHRONICLE. 143 [The term "accumulated temperature " indicates the aggre- gate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named : and this combinod result is expressed in Day- degreos — a " Day- degree " signifying 1" continued for twonty-four houi-s, *^v any otiier number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.l o a* . Temperature. Accumulated. ■22 o* ■ O a 1 o^ 'aa Rainfall. BmoHT Sun. 1?^ 2 . !0 00 O D.-iy- Day- dug. Day- dog. 0 1 - .S7 0 + 25;> 1 0 .aver IO:t 0 ■f 273 2 3 + l:t'J 0 -1- 311 3 3 + 193 0 -i- 264 4 2 + 137 0 -I- 306 5 3 + 156 0 + 320 6 1 - 104 0 + 293 7 1 + 130 0 + 37S 8 2 + 137 0 -1- 403 0 0 aver 111 0 + 322 10 I + l'J7 0 + 393 * 3 + li.O 0 + 400 lOths Inch. Day- deg. - 318 9 -)- - 2-41 10 -f - 222 2 + 229* 6 - 247 2 - 240 5 - 22311 -I- 26S 7 + 206 4 + 233 12 + 21011 -t- 109 1 + Ina. 141 30-6 IS 109 ISS 24 S7 8-9 38 89 98 43 86 9-8 39 78 8-2 54 116 23-2 20 101 l<5-3 37 84 U-7 44 120 20-5 1« 100 17 2 24 92 8-5 63 Tlic tlistricts indicated by number iu the first columu are tlio following : — 0, Scotland. N. Principal Wlieat -producing Districtx^ 1, Scntland, E. ; -J, England, N.K. ; :i, England, E. ; 4, Midland Counties ; 0, England, including London, H. Principal Graziiui, Jtc, Diitficts — t\ Scotland, W. ; 7, England, N.W. ; S, England, S.W. ; 'J, Iroland, N. ; 10, IroLand, S. ; •Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following siuiiuiary record of tho vvoatlmr throughout the British Islands for the week ending .July L*r>, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The vcalher continiied fiue, dry. and very warm during the earlier days of the period at all except our extreme northern and north-western stations. Later in the week, however, unsettled, rainy conditions extended from the westward to all but our extreme south-eastern districts, tho rain being very heavy in the west and north towards the end of the week. A sharp thunderstorm was experienced over the north-east of England on the L'4th. "Tho tem%>er(iiu.n: was very high during the early part of tho week, but subsequently fell decidedly — especially in the north, with the result that the average for the week was a Ijttlc below the mean value in the north and west of Scot land, and only equal to it in ' 8 jotland, E. ' and ' Ireland, N. ; ' in all the English districts, however, as well as in ' Irelarid, W. ,' it was again somewhat above tho normal. The highest of tho maxima were registered, :is a rule, on tho 2Ut, and varied from 8s^ in ' England, E. and S.,' and sti° in ' England, N, E.' and the ' Midland Counties.' to 7.".^ in ' Ireland, S.,' 72'^ in ' Ireland, N.' and * Scotland, N.,' and 0-S'^ in ' Scotland, W." Tho lowest of the minima, which were recorded during the latter part of the week, ringed from 35" in * Scotland, E," and 3-S'* in 'Scotland, N.,' to 47° in 'England, K.' and 'Ireland, N.,* to 50° in 'Ireland, S.,' a-.d to 53° in the 'Channel Islands.' "The niinfall was again considerably less than the mean in ' England, E. and S.' and the * Midland Counties,' but exceeded it in all other districts. In * Scotland, Ireland, and England, X.W.* the excess was very large. " The 6ri(7/t^ sunshine was very deficient in tho Irish and Scotch districts, but exceeded tho mean in England. The percentage of the possible duration ranged from (J3 in the 'Channel Islands," and 54 in 'England, S ,' to 24 in 'Scot- land, E.' and 'Ireland, S.,' to IS in 'Scotland, N.,' and to 16 in ' Ireland, N.' " Enquiry. — « — " Ik that qncstknirth murh shall ham miu:h." — Bacon. Has any reader of the O'aniencm' Ckronice expe- rience of tbe use of Formal dehyde as a preservative of botanical specimens, either fresh or dry? Alnus. Markets. S'i d .-SoT (0 M O-i *-> o © .g^' 8, doz. 3 0-40 Coleus, per doz. ... 2 0-40 Draciena, each ... 10-76 — various, p. doz. 12 0-24 0 Evergreen Shrubs, in variety, doz.... 6 0-24 0 Ferns, small, doz.... 10-20 Ferns, various, doz. 5 U-12 0 S. d. u'^ chistica, each 1 0- I. d. Vivu-i chistica, each 10-76 Foliage plants, doz. 12 0-36 0 Heli-BLOoM in variety. Orchids :— Cattleya, 12blms. Odontoglossum crispum, 12 bm. Pansies, doz. bun. Pelargoniums, scar- let, per 12 bun. — per 12 sprays .. Pyrethrums, 12 bu. Roses, Tea, per doz. — coloured, doz. — yellow (Mare- chal), per doz. — red, per dozen 0 6-10 — red, doz. bun. 4 0-60 — Oloire.doa. bn. — Safr;uio, p. doz. Stcpliauotis, 12sps. Stocks, p. doz. bun Swett Pc;is, 12 bun. Tuberoses, 12 blras. 2 0- 4 0- 2 0- 0 9- 0 'J- 4 0 6 0 4 0 1 6 1 6 2 0-40 4 0-60 10-20 16-20 2 0-40 16-30 0 2-04 Fruit.—, Apples, Suffiolds, |ier sieve — Quarrendens, J sieve Apricots, per doz. Cherries, Morello, half-sieve t'uiTants, Black, i'Sieve — Ked, i-sieve ... Figs, per doz. Melons, each Grapes, Alicante, Ist quality, per lb. — Hamburgh, 1st quahty, per lb. — Alicante, 2nd quality, per lb. — Hamburgh. 2nd quality, i>er lb. AVER.\OE WUuI.ES.VLE PrICFS. s. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d. Grai>e^, Gi*os Manic, 6 0-70 per lb 19-26 — Cros Colmar, 4 0 per lb 19-20 10-20 - Muscatfi, Kng- lisli, iwr lb. ... 2 6-30 4 0-50 — Muscat, Chan- nel Islands, pi-r 7 0- S 0 lb 16-20 4 0-46 Nectarines, Ist size 2 6-30 perdoz. ... 9 0-10 0 2 0-26 — 2nd do., p. doz. 30-40 Peaches, 1st size, 16-20 perdoz. S 0 10 0 — 2nd do., doz. 3 0-40 16-36 — 3rd do., doz. 1620 iPine-appies. St. ^>i- 10-13 I cbuel, ea<-h ... 7 6-10 0 Plums, Early Rivers, 0 9-10 I per J sievo ... 56-00 Vegetarleb.— Average Wholesale Prices. 5. d. s. d. Beans, Scarlet Rini- ner, p. 4-siovo 3 0 — French, do. ... 2 6 Marrows, Vegcfcible, per 5 doz. ta'ly... 7 0-10 0 Mushrooms, (Indoor) per lb 1 0 — (Outdoor), per half-sieve ... 4 0 0 Cucumbers, home- grown, per dz. — Dutch, per do?.. Peas, i>er sieve ... Tumatos, hon^e- grown, smooth, per doz. lb. .. — ordinary kinds, per doz. lb.... s. d. s. d. 1 6- 2 G 13-16 4 0-46 Potatos. Suiiplies in excess of demand. Trade very slow. 2s. 6(/. to 5j. per cwt. J. B. Thomas. Prices, SEEDS. London : Juli/ 29. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Poud, Borough, London, S.E,, write that there is now an impr-jved sjile for Trifolium, and as supplies arc moderate, holders are realising higher prices. The new English Winter Tares now coming to market show excellent quality. Fine new home-gi-own Giant seed Rye can he bought on tempting terms. WTiite Mustard is in better request at full rates. Sowing black Rapesced comes good in quality, and low in price Canary is substantially higher ; the earlier estimates of tho Turkish crop wore too favourable. There is no chaTigo ill Hempseed. Blue Peas and Haricot Beans meet with but little attention. FRT7IT AND VEGETABLES. BoKouOH ; J till/ 28. — Quotations ; — Cabbages, la. d. per score ; Jersey Grapes, Is. to Is. 6(^ per lb. ; do., Belgian, Qd. to Is. 3d. do ; To- matos, English, 4(^ to GU. do. ; do., Jersey 3|(i. to Ad. do.; Currants, Red, f «. ti on. Qd ; do. , Black, 5s. to ryu. 6d. ; Goose- berries, 1.?. 6(i. to 3s. ; Cherries (English), 4s. 'Dd. to 6s. 9d. per half sieve; do., foreign, Is. Gd. to 2.s'. per basket; Raspberries, 18s. to liOs. per cwt. ; Pine-apples, 2s. to 3s. each ; Mushrooms, S-'. trt 9d. per lb. ; Poaches and Apricots, S((. per box. Spitalfields : Jalf/ 2H.— Quotations :— Cabbage, :i«. 6rf. to ttt. per tally ; Marrows, 5s. to 6s. do. ; Scarlet Beans, 5«. to 5.?. 6/. per bush. ; Peas, 3s. 6rf. to 4s. per bush. ; Broad Beans, Is. to Is. 3(^ do. ; Onions, spring. 2.*. to 2.*. Gd. per dozen bunches ; CaiTots, 2s. Gd. to 3j. do. ; Turnips, 4s. to 5s. do. ; Red Cabbage, 3s. per dozen ; Jlint, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Parsley, Is. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Beetroots, Is. 6rf. to 2s. per dozen; Cucumbers, 2s. 6(/. to .3s. per dozen; Plums, Rivers' Early Prolific, f>.^. to Gs. per halt-sieve ; Currants, red, 5s. to 5s. Gd. per half-sieve; black do., 7s. to 7s. Gd. do. ! .\pples, 2s. to 33. per bushel. Stratford: Jufi/ 2S.— Quotations:— Cabbages, 2s. Gil. to 4s. Gd. per tally ; Cauliflowers, 6(/. to Is. per dozen ; ditto, 2.S'. Gif. to hs. per t?Ily ; Beetroot, id. to Gd. per dozen ; Pars- ley, Is. to Is, Gd. \Kr dozen; Spring Onions, /is. to 3». Gd. do. ; Salad, l.i. '.hi. to 2s. do; frame Cucumbers, Is. Zd. to 3^. 3(i. do.; Beans, Broad, Is. 0''. t^J 2s. per bag; do.. Scarlet, 55. to 5s. Gd. per bushel ; Peas, Green 4s. to 6s. per bag ; Marrows, 2y. Gd. to Gs. per t;iUy ; Gooseberries, 2s. 6.(. to 3s. 6(/., per half -sieve ; Raspberries, 16s. to 20s. per cwt; Currants, black, 3s. 3(/. to 3s. iht. per half-sieve; do., red, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Tomatos, Guernsey, 2*. Gd. to 3s. per dozen lb.; do.. English, 3s. to 4s. do. ; Pears. English, 3s- Gd to 4s. Gd. per sieve ; do., 2s. to 2«. 3<'. per half-sieve ; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per .dozen bunches ; Carrots, hoyse- hold. Is. to 2«. Qd. per dozen bunches ; Onions, Portuguese, 5s. Gd. to 7s. per ease ; do., .Valencia, 5s. Gd. to 6s 6 I. do. ; do., Egyptian, 3», Gd. to 4s. do. ; Apples, English, 4s. to 7». per bushel ; do., Tasmanian, 7s. to Ss. per case. Farringdon : Jul}/ 30. — Quotations : — Beans, 5.>-. Gd. per bushel ; Cabbage, 5s. ptr tally ; Peas, 9f. per bag; Beet- roots (new). :i» per dozen ; Lettuce, Is. Gd. per score ; Turnips, 4s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, 3s. do. ; Marrows, 8s. por tally ; Cucumbers, 2s. to 2s, €d. per dozen ; Parsley and Mint, 4s. per dozen bunches ; Sage, in. per dozen bunches ; Grax>es, English, Is. 3d. per lb. ; Apples, Sutticid, .'»s. ix;r bushel ; di>., Quarreiidcn, .''•s. per half-bushel ; Plums, Orlc;ms, Ss. per half-bushel ; blue do., 6«. do. ; Greengages, 6«. do. ; Pears, Californian Williams, 3s. per case ; Currant-s, BUick, 8s. i»cr bushel ; Red do., 5s. do. ; English Tomatos, 3s. Gd. per dozen poumls ; Apricots, 3s. per jiad. CORN. Averages. — Official stidenicnt of tho average prices of British Corn, impcri.il nn;isure (qr. ) for tho week ending July 25, and for the corresponding period last year: — 1896: Wheat, 24s ; liirley, 19s. 8-'. ; Oats. 15s. 1S95 : Wheat. 24s, 1'/. ; aarley, I9s. lOd. ; Oats, 15s. Ud. ^^ iorrCcJpondcnt^ Australia : /. JV. B. We are unable to inlorm yoii what are the piospects of your engaging iu tlio business of a florist in the larger towns, although we may be sure that a demand for the elegancies and luxuries of life has greatly increased therein recent years. Books : A. T. Halbs and Ba/h CiMiirt; by U. T. Fish (Bazaar Office, 170, Strand, W.G.).—0. B. It', Ciicumhi-r Cii/liire for Aninlcars, by \V. J. May (Bazaar Office, 1/0, Strand, W.C.).— //. L. U. Handij Bunk nf Fruit Cull arc under Glass, 2nd ed., by David Thomson, W. Blackwood & Sous, London. Diseased Vine Shoots : T. Fenfon. The appearance noted on the shoots is due to the presence of a slime fungus, Plasmodiophora vitis. See " Vina Diseases," p. 217, of our issue of August 19, 1S93. All diseased parts should be cut away and burnt. Emblematic Plants : Taffi/. We are not aware that (with one exception) there are any planti adopted as national emb'ems by the countries you mention. The Chrysanthemum is the national emblem of Japan. The Lilies of France (Irises) are probably known to you. Insects : A. B., Bouriiemoul/i. The galls are caused by the Cattleya-fly (Isosoma Orchidearum), which we have often given illustrations of. The only remedy is to cut otf aud burn the atiected portions, and to look for and destroy the mature fly. 144 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 1, 1896. Memorial Card : T. M. S. Cupressus funebris ; Weeping AVillow, Myrtle, Rose, Asphodel. The first-named if but one plant be used. Mould on Angelica : D. If. IF. The mould did not reach us in such condition that its identity could be established. Names of Fruits : A. J. Bateman. 1, Peach smashed : 3, Peach Grosse Mignonne ; 2, Necta- rine Victoria ; 4, Apricot Moor Park ; 5, Apricot Breda. Names of Plants : Correspondents not answered m this issue are requested to be so good as to consult the following number, — D. T. P. Probably, Acacia Seyal. — A. J. U. 1, Campanula rotundifolia ; 2, C. Ra- puDculus ; 3, Filago germanica ; 4, Hypericum pulchrum ; 5 and 6, Agrostis alba ; 7, Bromus asper. — J. IT. T. We cannot name flirist's flowers, especially of Petunias, whose flowers vary consider- ablj' even oa the same plant. — T. C, Beckenham. The two Fuchsias sent seems to us to be distinct, but we cannot undertake to arbitrate in the matter of dispute on the subject. — J. W. F. The Ever- lasting Pea eeems to represent a really desir- able and pretty new variety just intermediate between the purple and white-flowered varieties — - 0- B. The Orchid is Dendrobium moschatum, au old and rather common species. — JF. P. J. Epi- dendrum alatum. — C. W., Leyland. Your seedling is one of the finest double Fuchsias we have yet seen. — /. T., St. Albans. Stipa pennata (Feathergrass). — W. W.3.nd A. F. Colutea arborescens, the Bladder Senna. — N. C. 1, 2, Ferns too young to be deter- mined ; 3, Plumbago Larpentae : 4, Geranium prateiise ; 5, Antennaria margaritacea ; 6, Rhus Cotinus, the Wig Plant ; 7, Anthriscus, probably ; but there are no fiowers. — E. J. Impossible to name a withered scrap without flowers. — Lionel. tfeeds of Kncephalartos, a plant of Palm-like habit. Peaches : If. C. tO Son. The fruits arrived as an unrecognisable mass of pulp. The rotten state may be due to Monilia fructigena. Can you send fruits showing an earlier stage of the attack of tho fungus ? Royal Horticultural Society's Examinations . J. 11. The Secretary, Rev. \V. Wilks, 117, Vic- toria Street, Westminster, S.W. To.MATci : D. C. It is not at all unusual for Tomato fruit-i not to ripen at the base, and yet there is no disease. They, however, soon ripen if placed in the sun. — Gardener^ Belfast. The Tomato was so pulpedup when it arrived, that nothing could be made of it. If there is mould on the leaves, it results from the close atmosphere, and would be relieved by ventilation. Tomato Grafted on Potato-stem : Gardener, Tivoli. The union is perfect, as the 3-feet height of stem and eighteen fruits in all stages of develop- ment manifest. The flavour is excellent, and on the score of wholesomeness they leave nothing to be desired. We remarked that the tubers on the roots are very small in size and few in number. ToMATos ; T. B. To show these culinary fruits in a collection of fruit might disqiiality the entile exhibit. Vises Inf.:sted with Mealv-bug, &c. : A. B. You will pot be enabled to do much in freeing the Vmes of msects whilst the foliage is on them, although you might see what effect the XL All vapour would have at the present time. As the Vines are very old, it might be better to clear them out, and start anew. CoMMUNicATio.Ns RECEIVED. — Little &. Ballantyne.— G. Nor- in.iii.— J. H. Goodacre. — H. C. F. — M.aichese Haubury. — J. A. -J. N.— D. W.-F. W. M.— F. B., Chester.— E. C— N;itional Cactus Society.— 0. J. G.— W. G. S.— D. R. W.— N. & U.— Forbes, Calne.— John Thomson.— J. A C— F. F. —Pope & Sons. — R. D.— H. W. W.— D. T. F.— J. D.- A. G. — W., Harrow.— R. Dunlop.— J. Mclntyro.— D. S.— M. T. —J. H. Veitch.— E. J. A J. H.— H. W. White. Photographs, Specimens, &c., Received with Thanks. — J. I) — M. Buijsman. COSTINUED INCREASE in the CIRCULATION OF THE '■ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." Important to Advertisers. — Tile Publisher Jias the satis. Jactiofi of uiinoiitieliij that the circulation of the " Gardeners Chriniii'k" hifi, since the reduction in the price of the paper, la^reissi to the extent of more than 90 per cent., aad that it continues to increase weekly. Adverti.sers arc remiiuled that the " Chronicle" circulates amonf/ country CENTLEMEN, and all classes or GARDENERS AND GARDEN-LOVERS at home, that it has a specially large FOREIGN AND COLONIAL CIRCOLATION, find that it is preserve! for reference in all the principal Libraries. BOTAL SHOW EXBIBITI017 HOUSE. OT /^/^ Conservatory, 2Uf. long, by 6ft. wide. 8tt. high oD Xw w to the eaves ; pair of eijtrance doors, ornameataj h'ghts, with side aDd centre staging. Best materials and workmanship; painted, and glazed best 21-oz. English glass (brickwork only to be provided). Boiler and piping complete, erected by cur men in any part, Carriage^Paid, for the sum of £10U 0 0 GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSE. 6d. per bushel ; 100 for 30s. ; truck, loose (about 2 tons), 60x. Bags, id, each. SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCBID PEAT. LIGHT-BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, bs. id. per sack; 5 sacks, 25s ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, Sr. per sack ; 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel ; 15s. per hall- ton : 26s. per (oq. in 2-bu<*hel bags. id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PBAT-MOULD. and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8j. M. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST. H. 6. SUTTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. (Trade supplied on best terms). A large stock of the finest quality ORCHID PEAT. Also for Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Rhododendrons. &o. By the sack, cubic yard, too, or truck-load. Can be seen in bulk at London Wharf. Immediate despatch either from London or Qrounds. By Rail or Steamer. Prompt and Special Quota- tions for delivery to any Station or Port. G. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and Depdte. Ringwood. Ham- worthy, and Wareham. Address all letters to London Wharf. GREAT REDUCTION IN FRAMES OXTB WELL-KNOWN Iff A KB. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices, Qlazed and Painted, 6 feet long, 3 feet wide [ CASH PBICES, OAKBL&.aE PAID. £ >. d. 2 0 0 2 5 0 4 0 0 ^2 15 0 4 15 0 5 12 6 6 feet „ 4 feet 12 feet „ 4 feet 6 feet „ 6 feet 12 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 6 feet Larger sizes at proportionate prices. HALLIDAY & ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER Z^fuiofi^y«ne.Mr.H.SKEl,TO!r.Seedsman.&o..a.HollowaTRd. B. CO., N. GLASS! GLASS! CHEAP GLASS! 4ths. 15 oz., in 50-feet boxes. Sizes from 10x8 up to 14X 10, at 4s. 6d. per box. 4thg. 21 oz., in 100-feet boxes, Sizes, 10x8 and 12x8, at 8<. per box. 3rd8, 21 oz., in 200-feet boxes. Sizes, 9X7 up to 14x10, at 18». per box. Ex wharf, London. All other sizes equally cheap. Full detailed list of stock sizes sent free on application to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 12f BiSHOPSOATE STBEBT WITHIN, LONDON, E.G. c HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock y-<( T A Q Q always on Hand. VJLjx\.I^|Ji Special quotation* for quantities, WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices, NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON. E. EPPS'S A1 PEAT (SELECTED specially for OBCHIDS), Also for Stove & Greenhouse Plants, Hardnrood Ferns and Rhododendron do. (Trade supplied), LOAM, SAND. LEAF MOULD, C. N. FIBRE, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM MOSS, &c. PEAT sent to all parts of the world at Special Through Rates, Large or small quantities, EPPS & CO.,F.R,H.S,.Peat Depdt.Bmgwood, HEAP CLOTH For Trouserinpfi, SiiiLiiigs, Lufiies' Jackets, Melton and Tweed Dress Clothe, Pattema eent post free, C. HEWITT. 14e. Wintield Road. Ltih-DS. FARMS, ESTATES, RESIDENCES. Any one deelrons of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDUND COUNTIES HERALD SUPPLIED FREE FOR SIX WEEKS, on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding Name and Address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed, " Mid- land Counties Herald Office, Birmingham," The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. CYCLING and all ACCIDENTS INSURED AGAINST BY THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO., No Extra Charge for Ladies. No Medical Examination. Established 1849, Claims paid, £3,660,000. 64. OORNHILL, LONDON. A, VIAN, Secretary. Established ISSl, BIRKBECK BANK, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, CHAKOEET LaHB, W,0, TWO-AND-A-HALF per Cent. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minf- mum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. 8A VINOS DEPAKTMENT. For the enooaragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows interest at the rate of TWO- AND- A-HALF PER CENT, per annum on each completed £1. BIRKBBCK BUILDINa S0CIBT7, HOW TO PURCHASB A HOUSE FOB TWO OUINBAS PER MONTH. BIREBECE FREEHOLD LAND S0CIET7, HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF GROUND FOB FIVB SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIBKBECK ALMANACK, with (uU psrticnlan, poat- (iM, FBANOIS BAVENSOBOFT, Maiuger. August 1, 1896.] THE GAEDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 145 STOCK SIZES-ln Inches. I2xl0il4xl2 I8xl2|l6xl4 20x14 20xl6 24x1622x18 4x10 16x12 2OXI2II8XI4I2OXI5 22x16 20xl8 24x|8 21-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, in 200-feet boxes, Srds and 4ths qualities. English. Glass, out to boyer's sizes at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country in quantity. PUTTY, WHITE LEAD, PAINTS, OILS, BRUSHES, &o. OEOKOE FABMILOE & SONS, 34, St. John Street, West smlthfleld. I.oii(lon, E.O. Stook Lists and Frioeson application. Please quote Gard. Ckron, ILLTTSIBATED OATAIiOGTJE FBEE. W. JoNBs' Treatise, " Heating by Hot-water," Second Edition. 216 pages and 9J Engravings, 2i. Gd. nett ; per post, 2j. luj. JONES^^ATTWOOD V^^' Stourbridge HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, near DUDLEY, H. & S.'s BLACK VARNISH, For Iron, Wood or Stone Outdoor Work. Forty years' regulation. Ready mizef. Dries in ten minutes with perfect gloss. Is used at Windsor Castle, Kew Qardeos, and London and Dublin Parks, and most Land- owners. In 18 and 36- gallon Casks only, 1$. 6d. per gallon at works, Is. 8d. at nearest Railway Registered Tra.de Mark. Station. THOMSON'S VINE ANDiLANr MANURE. The very best for all purposes. The result of many years' experience. Largely used both at home and abroad. Agent for London : — J. QEOKQE, 14, Bedgrave Road, Putn.y, 8.W. Agent tor Channel Islands : — J. H. PARSONS, Market Place, Guernsey. Sole Makers:— WM. THOMSON and SONS, LTD., Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords, N.B. Price Lists and Testimonials on application, Analysis seat with orders of ^-cwt- and upwardp. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN BENTLEY'S COMPOUND LIQUID QUASSIA EXTRACT. i gallon, ili : 1 gallon, 4/3 ; 5 gallons. 19/2 ; 1 ) gallons. 37/6 ; 40 gallons, .3/d per gilloo. Chemical Wobks, Barrow-ox-Hdmbee, Holl. HEATHMAN'S PATENT TELESCOPIC LADDERS, STEPS, and TBESTLES, are sent carriage paid, and ILIUSTRITED PRICE 1 I3TS Post Free. flEATBMAN & CO., Endell St., LonCon, W.C. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DUU.MiLE. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DlK.Mil.K. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST lHltAllLE. PRICE LISTS POST - FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endell Street, LONDON, W.C. HEATHMAN'S LIFT & FORCE PUMPS Arc Ik'st, Cbenpcst, .iinl M"st Durable. HEATHMAN'S CESSPOOL PUMPS Arc Purt^iblc, Ejisy-WorkiuK') -^^d Powerful. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN ENGINES. CATALOGUES POST-FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endell Street, LONDON, W. C. BEESON'S MANURE, SHEFFIELD.— For Vines, Plants, and Vegetables. Sold with a Guaranteed Analysis, Has stood the test of the principal growers for over 20 years, and is admitted to be the Best for all Horticultural Purposes. In boxes. If. and 2i. 6d. ; bags, 50 lb.. g«. ; 1 cwt., 15*. May be obtained through any Seedsman ; or, direct (bags only), carriage paid, and liberal discount for cash with trial order, from W. H. BEESON, SHEFFIELD. Pure Crushed Bones, all sizes, and other Fertilisers at market prices. Under the Sanction of the Permanent Nitrate Committee. TO GARDENERS (Amateur and Professional). COMPETITORS at HORTICULTURAL SHOWS, and OTHERS. NITRATE OF SODA, the indispensable nitrogenous fertiliser, may now be had of Seedsmen in Town or Country. Warranted of standard purity. Price in tin», containing 4 lb., with full directions for use, ONE SeiLlING. KILL-M-RIGHT Certain cure for Blight, and all Insect Pests, without injury to plants. Once tried, always used. SampV Tin, 2 lb . free by Post, on receipt of P.O. for 2l. lOii. Price LIST and testimonials on application. The STOTT FERTILISER .: Oolamn. S3. GaRDEITERS and others WANTINa SlTtTATIONS. 26 words, including name and address. Is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line {ahout nine words) or part of a line. These Advertise- ments must he prepaid. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. Notice to Advertisers. — In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Adver- tisements are received withmtt name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and frequently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Advertisements which they wish repeated. Position. — Advertisers are specially requested to note, that under no circumstances what- ever can any particular position be guaranteed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Rirths, Deaths, and Marriages, 6«. ecu:h insertion. Postal Orders.— ro Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in remit- ting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at GREAT QUEEN STREET, London, W.C., to 11. G. Cove, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been rruide payable at a paHicular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B. — The best and safest means of Re- mitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by first post, Thursday morning. ill AdvertUementa ahonld be addreBsed to tba PUBLISHER. FDbllatilng Office and Office (or AdTertlaements, 41, Wbllinoton Stsbut, Stsand, W.C. SUBSCRIPTIONS. All Subscriptions payable in advance. TTie United Kingdom, l2months, ISs.y 6 months. Is. 6d. ; 3 months, 3s. 9rf. All Foreign Subscriptions, including Postage, 17«. 6d. for 12 months. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post-office, Great Queen Street, London, W.C.,to\l.Q. Cove. Subscribers who experience any difficulty in ob- taining their copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should he forwarded loUn complaint). ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S EXAMINATIONS IN GARDENING. " Coaching " by Correspondence arranged for in- tending Candidates unacoustomed to write papers. Fees moderate, to suit Practical Gardeners. COLVILE BROWNB. F.R.H.S., Hextable. Kent. Intimation. IN CONNECTION with the ADVERTISE- A MENT for a HEAD SHOPMAN which appeared lately, we have to THANK the MANY APPLICANTS, and to inform them that the situation HAS BEEN FILLED. — SEEDS- MAN, care of Peter Lawson and Sob. Limited, Edinburgh. WANTED, a HEAD IVORKINCi GAR- DSNHR, for the country, who thoroughly uoderatanda Flower and Kitchen Qardens, Greenhouses, Orchids and Fruit Trees. Must have ROod references,— Apply by letter. B. B., *' Garth," Broadstairs, Kent. ANTED, a GARDENER, experienced in Mushroom and Vegetable growing in a large way for Market work.— Apply, with full particulars, t» The PRINCIPAL, College of Rural Industries, Terwick, near Petersfiill. WANTED, a GARDENER, thoroughly ex- perienced. Firat-clasg reference. No objection to horse and trap. State age, also wages required ; live outdoors. —Apply by letter only. 53, Rutland Road, South Hackney, N.F. WANTED, a GARDENER, for Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Oronnds. — Toungman notafraid of work : 16s. a week and bothy. Apply with references.— D. C. FVFE, Gardener, Branksea Island, Poole. Dorset. WANTED, UNDER GARDENER, age 22 to 21. for Lawns and Kitchen Garden. Strong and industrious; lis. week.— F. H., Kingston Lisle Park, Wantage. WANTED, a MAN and WIFE, either without family, or with boy, 14 or 16. Wife as thorough Laundress; man as experienced GARDENER, thoroughly understanding the Management of Stock, Age between 3) and 40, non-smoker and total abstainers preferred Rooms in cottage, convenient laundry.— Write to •■ K 781," at Shelley's Advertising Offices, .38. Oraoechurch Street, London, E.C, WANTED, a FRUIT-TREE and ROSE- OROWEK,— Thoroughly efficient in Budding. Graft- ing, Training, knowledge of Stocks, varietie-, &c. Only experts witb a sound backing need apply. Wagej 28f to :k)s., with cottage. Permanent and advancing situation to suitable man. State where at present employed and how long in each situation, age. family, »c. Communication) held strictly private, and ample time for exchange of confidences.- CAMBIUM, Gardenert' Ch'onicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, smart energetic MAN, as PRO- PAOATOR and GROWER of General Market Stuff, Cut Flowers, &c. Capable of taking charge of Houses. State age, experience, and salary expected, with copies of te-ti- monials, to JOHN HENDERSON iSD SONS, Fortfield Nurseries, Templeogue, Dublin. WANTED, for Nursery 30 miles out of London, man as PROPAGATOR and GROWER for all kinds of Pot Stuff and Plants for Cut Flowers. One who can do Ilcriat*.' work ]>referred.— Write, in first instance, stating wages and experience, A. A.,41 , Wellington Stieet.Strand.W.C. ADVANCEMENT.— Will any Foreman in an establishment where things are thoroughly well dtiie recommend a deserving yoong Man as GROWKK and PROPA- GATOR (under Glasc) for a small but well-equipped General Nursery. Dispatch, accuracy, and command of assistants eejential. Full particulars (in strictest confidante) of « xpp- rieDce, aptitude, age. &c., in first instance, to X . Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, steady industrious MAN, to grow Cucumberp, Tomatos, Mushrooms, &c., for marfeet. State wages, &c., to— GRAY ANi» CO., Southcourt Nurtery, Worthing. WANTED, a single MAN about 30, for the Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds, must be tner getic and well recommended. Wages, 175. per week.— O. K. GEORGE. Champneys, Tring. WANTED, TWO or THREE expert ROSE- BUDDERSfor a fewweets. Wages, 18s. per week and overtime. None but men used to the work, and iton. Suriey, GROWER. — Fourteen years' experienoe in leading London Market Nurgeries, principally used to Soft-wooded Plants, Chrysanthemums, &c. Oood references.— REEV£S, Hillingdon Heath, ITxbndge. GROWER and PROPAGATOR.—Age 37; life's experience in Stove Plants and General Pot Stuff. Ferns a specialty. Thirteen years' good reference.- W. M., 6, High Street, Alperton, near Harrow. ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 27; thirteen years* practical experience in leading Nurseries; Well up in soft-wooded plants, Roses, &c. Good Rudder and Grafter. Last tivt* years with Messrs. J. Veiu^h & Sons.— J. A., :i5, Tetrott Road. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. y'OPtEMAN and GROWER.— Praotioalexperi- X ence in growing for Market, Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Mushrooms, Palms, Cut Flowers, &c.— A. 3lu, London Road, Thornton Heath. FOREMAN, in good establishment. — Age 2ti ; life experience in tirst class places. Highest references. — G. FR'JST, 5, Trimdoo Street. Middletou Road, West Hartlepool, Durham. FOREMAN,— AViLLiAM Tilling, of Ileaton Park, Manchester, can highly recommend Thomas Law- RENcn, as abo?e, where there are three or four under Glass. Total abstainer. FOREMAN, in good establishment, where Fruit is well grown. Seven years' experience gained at Driokstone Park and Hardwicke, Bury St. Edmuaos; also, Ketton Hall, Stamford. Abstainer.— F. BREWER, Warton Hall, Isleworth, W, FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Mr. W. BiRKiNsHAW, The Gardens, Bridehead, Dorche-ter, can highly recommend his late Foreman as above, with H rat class refeiences.- S. BAKER, Koightley's, St. David's Hill, Exeter. FOREMAN.^ Age I'S ; life experience in lead- ing Market Nurserie? Well up in all kinds of Fruit and Flower production for Market. Good Floral Hand.— TOM CREED, Fir Tree Nursery, Siinfold, Horsham. I OURNEYMAN.-arr. Ooates, Darnhall Hall fj Gardens, Winsford, Che^*hire, would be pleased to recom- mend a young man, age 22, as above. Six years' experience. JOURNEYMAN. — A young man seeking a situation as above, age 19 ; bothy preferred. Three years in last situation. Good character. ~~ H. 8TACEV, Moogewell Park, Wallingford, Berks. ''VO NURSERYMEN.— Yonng man, aged 28, -1- a.customed to Growing Cucumber?, Tomatos. and Mush- rooms, seeks situation. Five years* good character from his last employment.— 179, Howard Street, Oxford. JOURNEYMAN (Inside) in a good Estab- lishment. — Age 23 ; eight years' experience ; well recommended.— S. SMART, Bowden Hill House Gardens, Chippenham, Wilts. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 24; two years' character from last place. Bothy preferred. — J. MADDOCKS, Harrison's Road, Edgbastoo, Birmingham. JOURNEYMAN, age 21.— W. Adams would be pleased to recommend A, Potter to any gardener as above. Three years in present sitnation. — Cranleigh, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in good establishment ; Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 19 ; five years* good recommendation.— J. STONARD, Duchess Cottage, Pirbright, near Woking. JOURNEYMAN (Undbr), in a good Eatablish- mpQt, for Indoors ami Out ; age 19.— I shall be pleased to recommead J. Roui.STo», as above, to any Qardener. - D. McLBNGQHAK, Longwortb Gardens, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN (First), in theHouses.age 21 , —Mr. Martin, Qardener to Viscount Hampdkn, The Hoo Gardens, Welwyn. Herts, will have much pleasure in recommending Ebnest Haywood, as above. JOURNEYMAN (Inside, or Inside and Oat). — Age 22; three years in present place, five previous. Good character. — J. BSAUCHAMP, Cowesfield Gardens, Salisbury. J~OURNEYMAN in the Houses, in a good Establishment — Age 22; three and a half years go id character from present situation, five previous. — W. BAQG. South Lodge, Horsham. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses; age 21.— Mr. R0BIN30N. Gardener, Elsfield House, HoUingbourne. Kent, would be pleased to recommend F. Saoe as above to any Gardener requiring a steady and trustworthy young man. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses, in good Estib- lisfameut. — Age -1. Six years' experience in good places. — F. WELLS. Coombe Cottages, Coombe Hill. Kingston-on- Thsmes, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN^— Age 21 ; Outside, or Out- aide and In ; tall and strong ; welt recommended. — T. H. BOLTON, Coombe End Oaidens, Kingstonon-Thames. JOURNEYMAN. — Mr. F. Simmonps, Mamhead Park, near Exeter, will be pleased to recom- mend H. Mirren as abave, under ForemAo, Apply as above. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 17. W. H. Hotham, Gardener to ■). B. Wai>k, Es>|., Brantingfaam Thorpe, Rrough, recommends a young man as above. Over two ye ars' good character. IMPROVER, Inside.— Youth, age IT.i ; two years' experience. Oood character ; abstainer. Leaving to improve. Bothy not objected to,— F. THORNTOK, Curzou Street, Slough. MPROVER. — Rev. C. E. Chard recommends jtHing Man as Improver. Quick, strong, and willing to learn \ < lutside and In. Three and a half years' experience. — WM. SLOCOMBE. Hatch Beaaohamp. Taunton. IMPROVER.— Young Man (age 22) seeks (tituation in Nursery or Garden to improve. Small pre- mium if required. Willing to be usefut.~~E. U., 4^ St. George'd Road, Richmond. IMPROVER, Inside.— Age 20A ; three and a half years' experieoce in general Market Work -3., 12, Millbill Terrace, Actio, W. I APPRENTICE or IMPROVER.— A situation wanted for a Youth in a good gardening establishment. Apply, stating terms— GARDENER, Boleswortb, Tattenhall, Chestar. 'I^O HEAD GARDENERS.— Wanted, to place ■X. a youth of 15, well educated, farmer's son, with a Gentleman's Head Gardener, with whom he could re::eive board and supervision. — J. A. GLENN, Hose. Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, '■pO GARDENERS.— Situation wanted by in- -1- dustrioiis. sober, and intelligent youth (age 17). to assist in genuine Private Gardens. Can be most highly recommended. — W. DAVIEj. Monmarsb, Marden, Hereford. TO NURSERYMEN.— Young Man, age 23, accustomed to growing Cucumbers, Tomatos. Plants, &c , seeks situation.— A. SKINNER, 2, Dering Road, South- bridge Road, South Croydon. MANAGER or TRAVELLER in Seed or Nursery Bunneas. — Advertiser seeks situation as above. Thorough knowledge of horticulture ; practical, theoretical, and commercini. Twenty years' experience. Age 35, First- oia.ss testimonials.- J. W. liARKSlGN, St. Mary's Road, Doncaster. Ri HEAD SHOPMAN.— Situation wanted by energetic Man ; over sixteen years* experience in all branches. Highest character and testimonials. Can invent capital.— Apply SEEDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SEED TRADE.— Young Man, age 19, of good address, energetic and willing, is open for re-engagement in Seed Trade,— For references, &c., apply to ANXIOUi, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. nOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Advertiser k3 (age 29) requires situation as above ; fifteen years' expe- r'ence in London and Provincial Houses. Good references. — THOMAS, '22, Playfair Road, Southsea. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Advertiser requires situation in good Retail Hoa%e. Age 19. Over live years' experience. First class references.- A. F., 76, Southbridge Road, Croydon. SEED TRADE, &o.— Man and Wife, without family, would like Management of Branch, or man situation in Shop, Office, or Warehouse ; has some knowledge of Nursery and Florist'^ Business ; also Corn Trade, &c. Good references from similar appointments.-DILIQENT, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C, 148 THE GAB DENE RS: GHFONIGLEj_ [■AuousTlj-.189A rr. JldESlENGER Jc iCO. ■ ' .V ': ,^ -^ — : ' : ;.: i» Contracts undertaken and Estimates WINTER GARDENS, • ~~130NSERVAT0RIES, VINERIES, PLANT HOUSES, AND ALL KINDSof HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. Gentlemen waited upon and Surveys made on payment of out-of-pocket expenses. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, With numerous Designs, post-free, 2b. HOBTICXTLTURAL BUILDERS and HOT-WATEB ENGINEEBS, , LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE ; London Office :— 96a, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. Yv^. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HOT-WATER ENGINEER, '' EVERY DESCRIPTION of CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, GARDEN LIGHTS, 6fc. BT7ILDEB TO THE PBINCIFAL GBOWEBS IN THE UNITED KINGDOU. OBCHID HOUSES, HEATING IN ALLITS BRANCHES SEND FOB ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, JUST OUT. ESTIMATES FBEE. FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP and B E S T M AT E R I A LS ONLY. TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THREE MINUTES' WALK FROM SEVEN SISTERS STATION, GREAT EASTERN RAJLWAY. Editorial communications should be addressed to the " Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office. 41, \IFellingtoa Street, Oovent Garden, London, W.O. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbuby, AqneW, & Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Harry Gillard Cove, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Pariah of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, August 1, 18&d. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established i84i -Ko. 502.— Vol. XX, . / Thibd I \ Series, j SATUEDAY, AUGUST 8, 1896. [Regt. as a' Newspaper. | Price 3d. POST-KREE, SJd CONTENTS. AgaveeihRiviei-agardeiis 1^7 Betiila Maximowicziana ICO Books, notices of— Plants and flowers "about the home ... 104 The Pansy 104 \ Botanical Magazine ... 164 ■ Cherries, early and late varieties of 1^9 I Cherry-tree, an old ... 105 Chester Horticultural Show and Conference 153, 162, 170 Early Peaches 166 Early Pears 106 Gooseberry, a new ... 155 Hawarden flower show 167 Holland, notes from .. 168 Horticultural Conference at Chester 15:i Horticultural tour, a, on the Continent 106 Manchester Botanical Gardens, notes from the 167 Methods of proiag-atJuu 1.^8 Obituary— Jas. Whitton ... ■ ... 171 Sir W. Grove J63 Odontoglossiim Galeot- tianum and Miltonia species .... 158 Orcnid House at Oak Alyn, Wrexham ... 162 Orchid notes and gloan- - inga 165 Oregon Apple-canker ... 163 Peaches :is Outdoor standards 108 Phloxes and the drought 100 Presentation to Mr. Geo. Schneider lO.'i Prunus Plssardi... Red l^nnsies ... ...'*■ Remarks inwn the con-' ditIon_ of the fruit crops ... Rosary, the— * Hybrid Tea Roses ... Ro&es at the Ulveraton Show Societies - Bridgwater Horticul- tural Cheater ... 153,162, Cheatijrfield Horticul- tural Dutch Horticultural , Fromc Horticultural Horticultural Cluh .,, National Camat ion and Picotee (Northern Section) Newport Horticultural Northampton Royal Horticultin-al . Royal Scottish ArlM>ri- cultural St. Neot's Horticul- tural Strawberry -beds Swanley HorticultunU College Viola trialat Chiswlck, a Violas and Pansiea, spring-flowering Week's work, the — Flower garden, the ... Fruits under glass ... Hardy fruit garden ... Kitchen garden, the ... Orchid houses, the ... Plants under glass ... ILLUSTRATIONS. Gooseberry, Langley Beauty Hawarden Ca tie... Miltonia species Odontoglossum Guleottianum ' Orchid-house iu the gardens of E. Stanley, Esq., Oak. Alyn, Wrexham NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. hit) IfiO; 1 ii;9 170 108 li;:) Ul'.i (ill 1TI> 102 170 lia 104 102 liU 101 101 100 101 100. 155 185 150 15S In consequenre of the alteration of the hour of going to JVfss, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imperntive that all Copy for Advertisements should he received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNING at the latest. OA (\(\(\ ROYAL SOVEREIGN. ^V/^V/VV plants in pots, Us. per 100; £6 Strawberries. — Fine per 1000. Quantities of all the beat other hiods. All warranted true. Send for OATALOQUK. H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley. Now is the TIME to PLANT GAILLAR- OIAS. Pyrethrums. and otber Hardy Herbaceous Peren- nials.—Citalogue of KELW AY AND SON^, Laogport. Somerte''. ORCHIDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immeDse stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. An intpection invited. Illustrated Catalogue post free. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, LondoD, N. FOR SALE,— NARC'[SSUS(SirWatkin), true, first flize Bulbs M. ed. per dozen, 24s. 100.— Apply to OARDENER, Plas Gardens, Dinas Mawddwy, Merionethshire. STRAWBERRIES, all the leading sorts, in pots now ready for planting, 12s. 6d, per lio, H, LANE IND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhemeted, Herts, BEAUTIFUL WHITE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS. To insure an abundance of bloom at this seaaon, ROMAN HYACINTHS should be potted up at once. By this early planting, large aitl well-flowered spikes can be obtained, which are so valuable for Christmas decoration, Messrs. SUTTON AND SONS, the Royal Seedtmen, Readiog, are executing orders at 10s. id., 14s.. and 3ls. per 100, according to the size of the bulbs. For full particulars of these and other winter and spriog-flowertog bulbp, see SUrrO.N'J BULB CATALOQUB for Itm. beautifully illustrated. SUTTON'S BULBS QKNUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, BRADINO. Table Plants. DRAC.^NAS, CROTONS, ARALIAS, COOOS. OEO.NOMAS. &c. Handsome Plants for Table Decoratioo, B, S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nuneiies, Upper Holloway, London, N. C ANNAS. — Garaway & Co, offer stronff plants of the above (Crozy's best named varieties), at 9s. and 12s per dozen; their own selection. These are equally useful for outdoor and conservatory decoration. QARAWAT AND CO.. Clifton, Bristol. ENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.— STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Osrden Culture. 0E0R8E BUNTARD ft Co., The Royal Nurseries. Maidstone, beg to intimate that their New Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be had post-free on applicatioo. The largest and best stock in the Trade. CARNATIONS. — James Douglas begs to announce that his CATALOGUE for Autumn, 1891, and Spring, 1897, is now ready. It contains descriptions of the New Border and New Malmaison Oaraations, with Cultural Directions. SEEDLING CARNATIONS, best strains, Js. id. per dozen ; 25«, per 100. Catalogue post-free. Edenside, Great Bookham, Surrey. ODONTOGLOSSUM LONDESBOROUGH- lANUM, O, MADRENSE. L.ELIA PEDUNCULABIS, and L. DATANA. All fine imported plants, in grand condition, 2s. 6orouKh Junction. London. S.W. E WING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION.'— The original, certain, and safe remf dy. In bottles, 1«. id. and 3s. ; per gallon, I2j. Sold by all Seedsmen. CORRY & CO., Ltd., LONDON. " J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builderc • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Walee, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept. , Royal Bort. Soc . Royal Botanic Soc.. Parks and Public Buildings, Patentees o the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Telegraph Address "Hortulanns, London, "Telephone, No.STi' 150 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [AuQDST 8, 1896, SALES BY AUCTION . WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19. DUTCH BULBS-DUTCH BULBS Mr. J. C. STEVKNS Bega to anoOMce that bis FIRST SALE OF THE SEASON wiU take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 19, at half-past 12 o'clock, precisely, and will include a Splendid Collection of Choice Named HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, And Other Bulbs in Variety; Early Forcing Hyacinths, NarclsBUS, and Llllams. A Consignment of well-grown PALMS, from Belgium : A Collection of STOVE and GREENHOUSE. PLANTS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. DUTCH BULBS-DUTCH BULBS SALES BY AUCTION, Nearly every day ^ from the Middle of Auyust till the end of December. MR. J. C. STEVEN'S begs to announce that be has now completed negotiations with sevem\ of the most prominent Nur-erymen in Holland to Continuously Supply his Sales, during the coming season, with only really Firat-clasa Bulbs, of the best quality. A supply of Catalogues can be sent on application. GREAT CATTLEYA and L^LIA SALE. ON FRIDAY, AUGUST 14 3896. |A GRE4.T VARIETY OF THE GRANDEST TYPE3, A Consignment of CATTLEYA SOHRODEK.E.-There is hardly any Cattleya in existence of such grand shape, none ao deliciously scented. It is easy to grow, and free to flower. Its blossoms are very large and of great substance. From the district whence we originally imported this grand Cattleya— un- equalled for form and delicacy of colour— and which has yielded the incomparable Schroderee alba and other forms of great worth. Morn distinctive-looking plants have never been received. Varieties are certain. CATTLEYA VELUTINA. — A handsome, highly fragrant species of great merit. Sepals and petals orange, spotted and streaked with purple. Lip of a soft velvety appear- ance, orange and white, streaked with violet. ATTLEYA HARRISONLE. — The large-flowered, dark- coloured violacea type. A large consignment, in best order. Gathered in the district whence we obtained the almost scarlet-crimson Tring Park varieiy, and the white Meaauresiee. We can thoroughly recommend these plants. Their thick, plump bulbs, strong old flower-spikes, evi- dence their vigour. Six lo eleven flowers are borne on a spike, and the firm texture of the blossoms, their pleasing colour, and the length of time they last, render them of great service for floral- work. L-ELIA DORMANIANA.— Flowers, in shape, somewhat re- semble Cattleya saperba, sepals and petals olive-green, marbled with wine-purple, lip bright purplish ciimton, laterallobes rosy crimson, veined with purple. Free to flower and extremely useful. L^T^LLA HARPOPHYLLA, the Flame-coloured Lmlia, stands 'alone in the genus, unapproached in brilliancy, dis- tinctness of colour, and elegance of shape. The flowers are a brilliant orange-coloured vermilion, the lip bordered with white. Invaluable for bouquets, buttonholes, &c. LiELIA PR-E3TANS. — The darkest, most richly-coloured type known ; sepals and petals brilliant rose, lip of the deepest Tyrian purple. The most neat, compact, and, in proportion to the size of the plant, the largest flowered in the genus. Oncidium criepum grandiflorum and O. pree- textum mixed. A small consignment of strong vigorous plants, offered as received, and consisting of the above- named species. ONCIDIUM RUGERSn.— A splendid variety of O. varicosum. The true large flowered, golden-yellow form. As many as 170 huge blossoms, each 'J^ inches across, are borne on branched panicles. Plants in superb condition SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA.— A consignment of this vivid scarletrcrimson-flowered gem in excellent order, also ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the foregoing grand ORCHIDS on August M, at half-past 12 o'clock, in their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Oheapside, London, E.C., by order of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. MONDAYS, August 17, 24, & 31. THUBSDAYS ,, 20 & 27. DUTCH BULBS. SPECIAL TRADE SALES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Eooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C., on MONDAYS. August 17, 24. and 31. And THUKSDAlfS. August 20 and 27. at Twelve o'clock each day, large consignments of NAMED HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS, together with white ROMAN HYACINTHS, and paper-white NABCISSUS, received direct for Unreserved Sale. These early auctions have been speciallj arranged in lots to suit the Trade and other large buyers. The Auctioneers will be pleased to enter the names of in- tending purchaserson their permanent lists who m«y desire a regular supply of Catalogues for these Sales. — Auction Booms and Offices 67 and 66, Cheapside, London, E.G. Friday Next. An importation received direct of 650 CATTLEYA TRIAN;E, the contents of 15 cases just to hand, in good condition, for Unreserved Sale ; also. 1 CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA ALBA, with 6 bulbs in flower; and 1 CATTLEYA MISS WILLIAMS (HARRISONI/E X GASKELLIANA), with 6 bulbs in sheath, now offered for the iirst time. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their ORCHID SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, AugBst 14, at halfpaet 12 o'Clocli. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Birmingham. MESSRS. THOMAS JAMES and DAVIES have received instructions frm Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Sale Rooms, 35, Temple Street. Birmiogham.on THURSDAY NEXT, August 13, at 12 o'clock, a large Collection of IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in great variety. Upwards of 600 Lots. Catalogues post free. Commissions carefully executed. Birmingham.— Dutcli Bulb Sales. MESSRS. THOMAS JAMES and DAVIES commence their SALES of DUTCH BULB9 at their Rooms. 3.5. Temple Street, Birmingham, on THURSDAY, AUOUST 20, and continue to Sell every MONDAY and THURSDAY, at half-past 11 A.M., until the end of Ihe season. The Auctioneers have made arrangemente with reliable growers this season for shipment t of Fifty Tons, and the Bulbs are all good, sound, and reliable. Catalogues post-free. Commissions carefully executed. N.B.— THOMAS B. JAMES commenced these BULB SALES in Birmingham in 1890, and from a modest beginning they have steadily grown to their present large size (as many as '2000 lots being sold in one Sale). FOR SALE, FREEHOLD MARKET GARDEN, consisting of 8 acr«s of Land and 10 0 feet run of Glass, in full growth of Cucumbers and Tomatos. Good loamy soil.— For all particulars, apply to W. WREN, Bridge House, West Mailing, Kent. HADLEIGH, SUFFOLK. — TO BE DIS- POSED OF, the Lease, Goodwill, Stock in Trade, and Glass Erections, &o., of above NURSERY, comprising about IJ acres of Land, convenient DWELLING HOUSE, Packing and Potting Sheds, SEED SHOP, and Fittings. Lease about nineteen years unexpired. Rent dE27. No other Nurfery within several miles. Price £160. Apply to — WILLIAM BADMAN, Cemetery Nursery, Qravesend. FLORIST, FRUITERER, and ART CHINA BUSINESS. — High-cla*s trade ; corner shop ; plate glass front ; in wealthy town ; for IMMEDIATE SALE, cheap. Owner retiring. C. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a MARKET GROWERS' NURSERY, containing 1} acres of rich Pasture and Garden, 6 Glasshouses, well-heated, and everything in good working order, nearly new. Good Cottage. Twelve miles from Covent Garden. Giving up through old age.— C. W., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nnraerymea and Florists commencing Business. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam, the favourite neighbourhood for Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on easy system of Purchase, or to be LET on Lease, For full particulars, apply to Mr. FREDK. G. HUGHES (Surveyor), the Estate Office, Hamptoo-on-Thames. COMPACT NURSERY. — 1 Acre, excellent soil, with five-roomed Cottage, TO LET. The Glas?, over 200 feet run, with Jobbing Connection, and Stock to be SOLD. Situated between Brockley and New Cross on the L. B. & S.C. Railway, and only a few minutes from Brockley Lane Station, L. C. & D. Railway. Illness cause of leaving. Inspection invited. Further particu ars apply— A. S., Cottage Nursery, 110, Brockley Road, Brockley. S.E. LONDON, S.W.— Good locally for Jobbing. TO BE SOLD, a small NURSERY, with two Show- houses, two Greenhouses, well heated ; Sheds, and Stabling. Lease, 16 years unexpired. Rent £17. Price for Lease, Glass, and Stock, including Pony and Van, £160 or offer; owner must realize. — Full particulars of — PROTHEROE AMD MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.O To LET, a small NURSERY, close to station. —Address. S, A., Primrose Nursery, Fordbam. ^oham. '"FO FLORISTS, &o.— TO BE LET (from -i- Michaelmas), in splendid eituation, in Midland Towd, SHOP, DWELLING-HOUSE, and half-dozen GREENHOtTSKS. Apply to J. COLE, House Agent, Bedford. TO LET, about 30 Acres of LAND, in a high state of cultivation, partly stocked with Garden Produce, Adjoining the town of Leamington, with 80,000 population. Enquire of J. BENNETT, Clevedale, 1, Church HiU, Leamington. To LET, a Small NURSERY (5 houses), well stocked. Water laid on, and every convenience. 9 miles from Covent Garden. Rent, inclusive, £15. Quarterly tenancy. Incoming, £25. Apply to— Mr. SMITH. Wheelwright, Eltham, Kent. CATALOGUE WRAPPERS, or Envelopes eddressed from Horticultural Directory, or own Address Book, cheaply, correctly, and well, by Florist's Son. T. C, 2IA, Nursery Street, Lower Tottenham. CYCLAMEN SEED should be sown now. We have still a few more ounces than we require for our own sowing, of our well-known strain. Price on application. HUGH LOW AND CO., Bush Hill Nursery, Middlesex. ASK for the CHEAP BULB and PLANT CATALOGUE from J. M. STIGGELBOUT and CO., Wholesale Bulb Growers, Texel and Hillegom, Holland. Telegram Address: -"Stiggklbout, Texel." EUCHARIS, strong and clean, in 32's, some throwing up flower-spikes, 30s. per doz. Winter-flowering CARNATIONS. in48'8, splendid stuff, 12s. doz. BOUVARDIAS, in 43's, extra bushy, 10s. per doz. Samples and names on application.— WALSHAW and SON, Scarborough. THE NEW FUCHSIAS advertised in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle are now all in flower. An inspection is invited. WILLIAM BULL. F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, K'ng's Road, Chelsea, London. S.W. Ferns from Stores. PTERIS CRISTATA, 2s. 6d. per 100 : 22s. per 1000. Good stuff, fit for immediate potting.— PTERIS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Carnations!— My List of SurplnTCama- tions and Picotees is now ready, containing all proved new varieties up to date, post-free. CHARLES E. WHEELER, Bramley. Guildford. ALMS.— PALMS.— Special Offer of 1 dozen, assorted, for 6s. ; some are worth Is. or Is. 6d. each. MAIDENHAIR FERNS, in 4i-inch pots, good stuff, 6s. per dozen. Packing free. Secare at once. C. R. SHILLING, Hartley Nurseries, Winchfield, Hants. Azchangel and St. Petersburg Mats. NEW CONSIGNMENT. LLNUTT BROS., White Swan Wharf, Nine Elms, London, S.W. Prices on application. A WE can offer the following, in good plants : — 1 Pandanus, 1 Croton, 1 Anthericum. 1 Cyprus, 1 Adiantum, and 6 small mixed Ferns. The lot for .5s., package free.— W. DARBY and SONS, Scott Hall Gardens, Buslingtborpe, Leeds. Choice Vegetable Seeds. FOR AUTUMN SOWING. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • Special Quotations for their fine Selected Stocks of CABBAGE, TURNIP. LETTUCE, ONION, RADISH, and other SEEDS suitable for AUTUMN SOWING, which will be found very advantageous to Purchasers. Also fine samples of WHITE MUSTARD, and Sowing RAPESEED, at moderate prices. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. MUNGO CHAPMAN, late of Easter Dud- dingston Lodge, Mid-Lothian, hegs to intimate to his friends and acquaintances that he retires from his present situation on the 20th of the present month. He has arranged to reside at St. Ninians, near Stirling, where he intends to commence the Cultivation and Sale of Hardy Plants on his own account. With the experience gained during twenty-four years in the management of one of the most choice private collections of plants to be found in the British Isles— that of the late Charles Jenner, Esq.— Mr. Chapman can confidently undertake to supply what is select and true to name of the most suitable plants for Borders and Rock-work. He hopes to be able soon to issue a Plant Catalogue, from which customers may mahe their own selection. In the interval, he will be fully employed in getting up Stock. May 19, 1899. EPPS'S A1 PEAT (SELECTED specially for OBOHIDS), Also for Stove & Greenhouse Plants, Hardwood Ferns and Rhododendron do. (Trade supplied). LOAM, SAND, LEAF MOULD, C. N. FIBRE, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM MOSS, *o. PEAT sent to all parts of the world at Special Through Bates. Large or small quantities. EPFS & CO., F.R.H.S„Feat I>epdt,Biiigwood. August 8, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 151 EXHIBITIONS. s MAIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ANNUAL SHOW on THURSDAY, August 13, 1896, at St. Ives Place. Entries close August 6. CHA8. A. VARDY, Hon. Sec. ANDY, BEDFORDSHIRE. TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SHOW. THUKSDAY, August 27, 1899. Plants, Flowers, Fruit, Table Decorations. Vegetables. Corn, Roots, Dogs, Poultry, Pigeons, Babbits, Cjts, and Cage Birds, Honey, Butter, &c. PRIZES, £i60, including Prizes of £ia, £3, JM, and £3 for Ten Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Live Stock entries close August 8, 1896. All other entries close August 19, 189G. Bands :— Royal Horse Guards (Blues), and Bedford Orchestral Band. Secretary, E. T. LEEDS-SMITH, Sandy. Assistant-Secretary, EDWARD SILLS, Sandy. SCOT, SUNNINGHILL, SUNNINGDALE and DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL SOCIEIY. ANNUAL CHRYSANTHEMUia SHOW, Nov. 4 and 5,1898. :OPEN PRIZES. Judges t Bilsssis. Molyneux, Drover, and Turner. Class 1. For the best 24 Japanese blooms, Ist. 2nd. 3rd. distinct varieties £6 £4 £2 Class 3. For the best 24 Incurved blooms. distinct varieties £4 10>. £3 £1 10<. Class 3. For the best 4 Trained Speci- mens (Standards excluded), any varieties, each plant on a single stem £3 £i £1 For Entry Forms and further particulars, apply to the ^^"k ^^.f^y- „^ Lieut. Ool. Hon. n. NEEDHAM. The Glen, Ascot. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, and CYLINDERS, AND ALL GABDEN SUNSSIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST From the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH ST., DRURY LANE, W.C. THIS GREENHOUSB erected and heat«d complete, in any part of the country, best materials only, workmanship guaranteed. 26 ft. by 12 ft., £S0; 30 ft. by 15ft., £70. Brick- work excepted. For particulars, seeonr Catalogue, post-free. Superior FortaDle Frames, large stock ready for immediate use, well made, painted four ooata, glazed with 21-oz. glass, carriage paid:— 1-light frame, 4X6, 3d«. '6d. ; a-light frame, 6x8, 683. ; 3-light frame, 12 X 6, 86f . M. Span-roof Frames, 6x4, £3 f s. ; 9 x 5. £3 isi. HARDY BRUIN «t CO.. LEICESTER. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, near DUDLEY. H. & S.'s BLACK VARNISH, For Iron. Wood, or Stone Outdoor Work. Forty years* regulation. Ready mizei. Dries in ten minutes with perfect gloss. Isusedat Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and London and Dublin Parks, and most Land- owners. In 18 and 36- gallon Casks only, \s. 'ad. per gallon at works. \s.^. at nearest Railway Station. HEATHMAN'S PATENT TELESCOPIC LADDERS, STEPS, and TRESTLES, are sent carriage paid, and Lllustbated Price Lists Post Free. aSATHMAN & CO., EndeU St., London, W.C. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DURABLE. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE 13 MOST DURABLE. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE 13 MOST DURABLE. PRICE LISTS POST - FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endeli Street, LONDON W.C. HEATHMAN'S LIFT & FORCE PUMPS Are Best, Cheapfst, anil Most Durable. HEATHMAN'S CESSPOOL PUMPS Ar>- I'nit-ibl..-, E:l.^•. W..iKiii>;, rind r.jw.rful HEATHMAN'S GARDEN ENGINES. CATALOGUES POST-FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endeli Stpeet. LONDON, W. C. ^^SSENDALL&C?M W^ -CAIViBHiDGE; ^^^ ^ MARKET GARDENERS' HOUSES. This excellent House will grow Flowers, Plants, Tomatos, Grapes, Cucumbore, Peaches, &c., to perCection. Complete as shown . Best material, woodwork, and iron work complete, correctly fitted, Jl-o/. English glasf, painted twice. Made in a strong and efficient manner, to that anyone can erect them in a thort time. Every psrt is cut and fitted correctly ; all holes bored ready ; all nails and screws inoluded. Cash Pbioels. Carriaor Paid. Long. Wide. £. s. d. Long. Wide. £ ,1. U. 25tt. V 10ft. .. Itf 0 0 50ft. X 12ft. .. 30 0 0 50ft. X lOft. .. 27 10 0 I 00ft. X lift. .. 5.S 0 0 100ft. X 10ft. .. 50 0 0 lOOtt. X 15tt. .. 65 0 0 Registered Trade Mark. BEEJSON'S MANURE, SHEFFIELD.— For VinM, Plants, and Vegetables. Sold with a Guaranteed Analysis. Has stood the test of the principal growers for over 20 years, and is admitted to be the Best for all Horticultural Purposes. In boxes. Is. and 25. Qd. ; bags, 50 lb., 8s. ; 1 cwt., \bt. May be obtained through any Seedsman; or, direct (bags only), carriage paid, and li^ral discount for cash with trial order, from W. H. BEESON, SHEFFIELD. Pure Crushed Bones, all sizes, and other Fertilisers at market prices. Under the Sanction of the Permanent Nitrate Committee. TO GARDENERS (Amateur and Professional). COMPETITORS at HORTICULTURAL SHOWS, and OTHERS. NITRATE OF SODA, the indispensable nitrogenous fertiliser, may now be had of Seedsmen in Town or Country. Warranted of standard purity. Price in tins, containing 4 lb., with full directions for use, ONE SHILLING. THOMSON'S VINE ANDiLANT MANURE. The very best for aU purposes. The result of many years' experience. Largely used both at home and abroad. Agent for London : — J. aEORQE, 14, Redgrave Road, Putn.y, 8.W. Agent for Channel Islaode : — J. H. PARSONS, Market Place, Gnernaey. Sole Makers;— WM. THOMSON AMD SONS, Ltd., Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords, N.B. ILLTTSTBATED CATALOOXTE FBEE. W. Jones' Treatise, " Heating by Hot-water," Second Edition, 216 pages and 96 Engraviogs, 2s. Qd. nett ; per post, 2l. lOd, \^ ^^ ■ Stourbridge. Price Lists and Testimonials on application. Analysis sent with orders of ^-cwt. and upwards. SOLD B T ALL SEEDSMEN KILL-M-RIGHT Certain cure for Bligbt, and all Insect Peats, without injury to plants. Once tried, always used. Sample Tin, 2 lb., free by Post, on receipt of P.O. for Si.IOd. Price LIST and testimonials on application. The STOTT FERTILISER & INSECTICIDE CO., Barton Housk, Manchester. GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 for Red Spider. Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 3 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Haa outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, U., 3«., and 10«. 6(t. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, Qti. and If., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COUPAlf; (Limited), London. '-PHE "LONDON" TOBACCO JUICE.— JL Dutyfree. Will bear diluting with from four to eight parts of water. In Bottles : Pints, Is. ■ quarts, Is. 9d. ; half- gallon, 2^. 6^. : gallon, is. \ or in casks of 10 gallons and up- wards at 2.^. td. per gallon. Sold by all Seedsmen. Sole Makers : CURRY & CO. (Ltd.), LONDON, E.C. For destroying Insects on Plants. Used by every Orchid Grower of any note all over the World. The CHEAPEST and BEST. Half-pints 1/d. pints 2/6. quarts 4/6, half gallons 7/6, gallons 12/6, 5-gallon Druma 10/6 per gallon. Carriage Paid. B. G. HUGHES, Victoria Street. MANCHESTER. Sold by all Seedsmen. Pamphlets free on application. ORCHID PEAT.— Dry and prepared, 5«. Sd, per bag, on rail ; 15*. per cubic yard, in 12-yard truckst BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 3i. 3rf. per bag ; 10*. per cubic yard. WALKER AND CO., Poole, Dorset. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. (Trade supplied on Xteat terms). A large stock of the finest quality ORCHID PEAT. Also for Stove aud Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Rhododendrons, &c. By the sack, cubic yard, ton, or truck-load. Can be seen in bulk at London Wharf. Immediate despatch either from London or Grounds. By Rail or Steamer. Prompt and Special Quota- tions for delivery to any Station or Port. Q. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and Depdts, Ringwood, Ham- worthy, and Wareham. Address all letters to London Wharf, 152 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AuousT 8, 1896. GREAT REDUCTION iH FRAMES °^9^Pf - orchids, for one week only OUB WELL-KNOWN lEAEE. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be pat together aod taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices, Glized and Painted. £ l-light, 4 ft. by 6ft... \ n.oTT /"-' CASH PBIOES, 0ABBLA.OE PAH). Larger ii:es at proportionate pricet. 2 l» 8 ft. by 6 ft... H »» 12 ft. by 6 ft... 4 tt 16 ft. by 6 ft... 6 tt 20 ft. by 6 ft... b ft 24 ft. by 6 ft,.. [7 10 R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. /onfoii.<4ggn^.Mr.H.SKi'XTOW.Se6dsnaan.Ao..2.HoUowayRd..W THH LOUGHBOROUGH BOILER S* The Pioneer of cheap. timpU. and effective heaUng for mall Greenhouse t, REDUCTION IN PRICES. OwiDg to improved facilities for the manufacture of theee Boilers, and a cons'quent cheapening in the cost of produc- tion, we are enabled to reduce the prices as follows r™;iiV*V^'' = ^°- %■ *^ ^^l '• "»• "■ *S : »'«> larger siies. Complete Apparatus from £4 8j. Lists and Estimates on application. i™r rrJ""?? 'Sr*"'- I^oghborough, Leicest«rshire. London Office : 96a, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. LASS I GLASS^T c¥eap GLASS! 4th9. 16 oz., in 60-feet boxep, Sizes from 10x8 up to 14x 10, at 4.i. 6rf per bo» 4ths, 21 oz., in 100 feet boies Sizesi, 10 X 8 and 1 2 X 8, at 8t. per box. 3rds. 21 oz., in 200-feet boxes, Sizes. 9x 7 up to 14 X 10, at 18j. per box lr,.,i rf T^!"h^''f°?- J^^^ ""'" '■"» "i"a»y cheap. Full detailed list of stock sizes sent tree on application to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY 72. Bishopsqate Street Within. London. E O. G Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDSOBES A SPECIALTT. Please Write tor List. TAMCC rVDUCD exotic nurseries, JAlYlllj LirrllLn., CHELTESHAM. RETABDED LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS!! Write tor Prices to— T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DERSINGHAM, NORFOLK. PTERIS CRIST AT A, from store boxes, fit for immediate petting, at .30s. per 1003. Packing Free. Sample lOJ sent Carriage Free for .'is. lid. PTERIS TREMUL A and C YTOMIUM, in 48's, at 3s. 6rf. per dozen. Packing Free. Cash with Order. SAVACE & SOU, '""""'■"as Et«. DUTCH BULBS. FRIJB LISTS Of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c., FREE on APPLICATION, (or SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS. Apply to— S. A. VAN KONIJNENBUBG & CO., NOORDWIJK, HOLLAND. THE YOKOHAMA NURSERY GO. LIMITED, Nos. 21-35, NAKAMURA, VOKOHAMA, JAPAN. Tbe Largest Exporters and Qrowera of LILY BULBS, CYC AS STEMS, DRIED CYC AS LEAVES, DRIED EDLALIA PANICLES, MOSS, SEEDS, TREES, SHRUBS, &c., Produced in Japan. DESCRIPTIVE CA TALOGirE.S sent on application. Early White Roman Hyacinths, Early Snowflake and Paper-white Narcissus. JAMES VEITCH & SONS Reg to announce, m e.) ceptionallif fine rondition, the arrival of THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING, And will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery. BULB CATALOGUE for 1898 now ready, and may be had on application. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. W. COOPER. Ltd. 1000 HouEes In stock to Select fl-om. Works cover 6 acres. FOR EVERY READER OF THIS PAPER. We beg to Inform all readers of this Paper that we shall have much pleasure In forwarding to every person one of our REVISED PRICE LISTS, consisting of 400 pages and ahout 1200 Illustrations, bound In cloth, post-free, on receipt of Six Stamps, publlshel at Is. Small LlBt free on application. HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, The Orioimal Intkktobs of Cheap Greenhouses, _ __^ ly NunsERiEs-HANWORTH and PELTHAM. The Larqest STEAM HoRTiouLTURAi. WORKS "lii THE World. 755, OLD KENT ROAD, LONDON, S.E. IHSPEOTIOK ImvITBB MUST BE SOLD. GENUINE BARGAIN. PERFECTLY NEW. 6 CUCUMBER or TOMATO-HOUSES, each UlO feet long. 12 feet wide, 7 feet 6 in. to ridge, -T feet to eavep. Can be built in one block, or Beparatelr.' Mdde of good sound, well seasoned materials. Framed work of Ends, 3} X 2 ; Ridges, 4x1}; Bats, 3 in.; Ventilators. 7 in.; Glass. 2| oz. Painted one coat. All carefully packed on rail. These were made to order for a Customer who can- not now erect them, owing to some dispute with bis landlord. Usual price, £160. As the room is required at once, will accept the low ( um of £100 to immediate purchaser. Address, MARKBT HOUSES, care of VILLIAU COOPER, 765, Old Kent Road, London, S.E. <*> ^^^^.~J^ . __ -^ COOPER, 76B, Old Kent Road, London, S W. COOPER, LTD., HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, 755, OLD KENT ROAD LONDON, S.E. August 8, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 153 ESTABLISHED 1832. No Connection with any other Firm of the same name. CATALOGUE for 1896 OF DUTCH CAPE and EXOTIC BULBS (WITH CULTURAL riBECTIONS) Is NOW READY, and will be sent, Post Free, on application to themselves direct at O VERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLL AN D, OB TO THEIR (iENERAL AGENTP, Messrs. MERTENS & CO., 3, CROSS LANE, LONDON, E.G^ DAFFODILS & TULIPS (BRIGHT COLOURS'. EARLY and LATE FLOWERING SORTS. "ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK" Of Thirty-two Octavo Pages, Oivipg complete history of the Tulip aod its iotroductioD ioio England, Ac, by the Ute John Slatek, of Lower Brough- toD, near Maochester, a Tulip name to famous sixty or eeveoty year« sine. Nearly 150 sorts to select from, some varieties >c»rcely ever offered before. The book, which is entered at Stationere' Hall, is full of interet>t to lovers tf " old-fashioned flowers." With Daffodil Libt for 1&96. Price 6d.. post-free. WM. BAYLOH UARIL&NO. Daffodil and Tulip Grower. Ojrk, Ireland. BULBS FOR FORCING. FARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, SNOWFLAEE, POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, FREE8IA8. &c . &c. First Ck>D8ignmeDt to hand in excellent conditior. For pirticulara of these and all other Bnlbp, see our CATA- LOGUE, No. 463. post-free on application. DIGKSONS Sekd & Bulb Geowbbs, CHESTER. FERNS!- FERNS!! A large quantity of Small FERNS, nice bu&hy stuff, ready to pot on, or for decorative purpcaea, in 2J inch pots ; Pteris cristata, nobilis, major, and tremula, at 9x. per 100 ; 5C0 and upwards, at 8s. 6d. PTERIS CRISTATA. and SEBRULATA CRISTATA, fine plants, at 4<. ?>d. per dozen. Abore prices are for cash with order. Packing Free. An Ifupection at the Aurseries it Invited. B. PRIMROSE, BLACKHKATH NURSERIES, ST. JOHN'S PARK, BLACKHEATH, S.E. WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE. illE EARLIEST AND BEST. 6d. and IB, per packet. Is. 6d. per ounce. From Mr. O. H. BALL, Coimr Gardens. " I herewith forward you a photograph of jour valuable Cabbage — the Emperor. I find it is the earliebt, largest, and most compact vaiiety I ever grew." p ounce EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 8(1. ENFIELD MARKET do. 6d. EARLY RAINHAM do. 8d. RED DUTCH ... do. 9d. ONION. WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI GIANT ROCCA WHITE LISBON Per pkt. Per ounce. ... 6d. Is. 6d. ... 6d. ... lOd. ... 6d. ... lOd. 6d. AH Garden Seeds Free by Poet or Bail. Seedemen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen and H K H. the Princecf Wales. WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. CARNATIONS. Hardy, or Border, and Winter-Blooxaing. All the Newest and Popular A'mieties, at extremely moderate prites. IJESCKI PT/IK CATALOGL'B POST-FREE. ETROKO-ROOTtD LiVIKS iEE KOW BEAD!'. W. J. GODFREY, The Nurseries, Exmouth. PRELIMINARY OFFER. BEST BULBS FOR EARLY FLOWERING. CARAWAY & CO. OFFER ;— ROUAN HYACINTHS, 4|-inoh and upwards, 13<. 6<<. per 100. ,. ,, smaller lOx. 6at. ,, PAPERWHITK NARCISSUS it. DOUBLK R0M*N NARCISSUS 6». DOUBLE VAN SION DAFFODILS, Brstsiie, impjTttd bulbs 61. %d. ,, For delivery in August, 2s. M. per 100 ; td. ccz. DUG VAN THOL TULIP, Scarlet ABTUS LA RHINE LJM.MACUIEE DUCHESS of PABMi ,, WOUVEBMAN CHBYSOLUBl ,, 6.'. per 100; I'. Si. perdoier. Secood-siie HYACINTHS in distinct colours, unnamed 14«. Of/, per 100. Named ditto, our self ction 18*. 6 i. „ Fir.t.iize HYACINTHS, the best qualily.aid first class varieties 4x. to 9s. p^rdor. NARCISSUS, CYNOSURE 3*. M per 100, PRINCEPS 5l. For Septemlo' delivery. All oiders over p*. carriage paid. 3S. In the £ dUcOunt ctf all Bulbs for " Cish wi h Order." CATALOGUES ready in August. CARAWAY & CO.,°"TJtolTrir.'S'"'^''' FERNS SPECIALITY. We have an immense stock of all kinds of Ferns, Stove. Green- house, Filmy, Hardy Exotic, and British, including many very beautiful varieties rarely seen, but which ought to be more generally grown. Catalogue free on application. W. &J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., FERN NURSEEIEU, SALE, near MANCHESTER. CHRYSANTHEMUM GUIDE AND CHRYSANTHEMUM ALBUMS. I have a few of these valuable works left, and will send a copy of each, post-free, 2s., or separately. The Guide, 8 stamps, the Album, 18 stamps. Both are invaluable to Chrysanthemum Growers. H. J. JONES, Byecroft Nursery, Lewisham. THE (iardmerf)' (3{ltranicle» SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1896. HORTICULTURAL CONFERENCE AT CHESTER. T^HE horticultural show and fete at Chester -*- this week were inaugurated on Tuesday evening by a horticultural conference, held in the Town Hall. The Mayor of Chester (Mr. B. C. Roberts) presided in the absence, through indisposition, of the Duko of Westminster, and the following deputation attended from the Royal Horticultural Society of England : — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. (President), Mr. Philip Crowley, F.L.S. (Treasurer), the Rev. W. Wilks, M. A. (Secretary), Messrs. Thomas Statter, Chas. Shea, George Bunyard.T. Francis Rivers, George Paul, Jas. Melndoe. A large attendance alto included the Very Rev. S. Reynolds Hole (Dean of Rochester), Mr. F. W. Burbidge, M.A., F.L.S. (Trinity College, Dublin), the Sheriflf of Chester (Mr. J. E. Holmes), Mr. George A. Dickson, Mr. E. J. Baillie (Chester), &c. The Mayor, in offering a hearty welcome to the members of the Horticultural Society of England, expressed regret that the Duke of Westminster was unable to bo there — what they hoped was only a tempor.ary indisposition — to preside. He believed it had only fallen to the lot of one other provincial city to have a depu- tation of the Royal Horticultural Society among them, and on that account they undoubtedly appreciated their presence all the more, and gave them a hearty welcome to their ancient and historic city. Sir Trevoe Lawrence, Bart., then read an interesting paper upon "The Royal Horti- cultural Society of England : its History and its Work." The inhabitants of Great Britain during the last half century had grown so accustomed to be surrounded by flowers in town and country alike, that they had come to regard the present state of British horticulture as a matter of course ; but no one who carried his mind back to the beginning of the century could fail to be struck by the extraordinary progress which gardeners and gardening had since made. During the century now near its end, trees and shrubs, annuals and perennials, flowers and fruits had been introduced from foreign countries in vast numbers, while the abilities of several generations of gaideners had found full scope for their exertions among a garden-loving people in improving the old, and raising new varieties of garden fruits. After describing the foundation of the sociely ninety- two years ago through the exertions of Thomas Andrew Knight, and its early history, including the granting of a Royal Charter in 1809, Sir Trevor said a valuable feature of the Society's work, and one which had had a great and enduring influence on British horticulture, lay in the steps taken in ISIS to get from various countries valuable shrubs, plants, and seeds. 154 THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE. [AuGDST S, 1896. The earliest arrivals came from China and from India through the East India Com- pany, and in this way many valuable plants were introduced into Great Britain. The suc- cess of these efforts encouraged the Company to send out with great success collectors at their own cost. Sir Trevoi- afterwards referred at some length to the vicissitudes through which the Society passed after the death of the Piince Consort, until at the end of 1887 a move was made which had the effect of entirely rehabilitating it in public opinion. As to the present position of the society, if it had doiie any- thing to repair the eiTOrs of the past, and inspire confidence in the future, it had been by sticking i-esolutely to its last, bearing constantly in mind that the function of a horticultural society was to cultivate horticulture, aud with a fixed determination to clear off outstanding liabilities aud to avoid debt. In reducing the minimum subscription to one guinea, the Society was actuated by a desire to enrol among its fellows n^ large a proportion as possible of the vast numbers of their fellow-subjects who were interested in gardens. The lesuH of this aud other changes had been, on the whole, eminently successful, the average annual net increase in the number of fellows being for several years 280, and the total number 3300, against a maximum, so far as could be ascertained, of 2500 in the old Chiswick show days. The Journal of the Society was published regularly, the committees in- cluded a large number of the principal horticultural experts in the kingdom, while the great shows of the Society, held now for several years in the gardens of the Inner Temple, by the continued kindness of the Benchers, had been, iu many respects, the finest ever seen in Great Britain. The fortnightly shows were now largely attended, and attracted such a number and variety of exhibits as made it in- creasingly difficult to find room for them. The Society's fruit show at the Crystal Palace bade fair to become an important annual event. The Society had spent during the ninety-two yeai's of its existence not less than £400,000. That it had made mistakes and wasted money, its best friends would not deny ; but it might confidently be asserted that it had done aud was doing good work which no other society could do— work of great value to the community. Dean Hole on "Gauden Craft." Dean Hole followed with an address on " Garden Craft." Ho said when a benevolent florist remarked to him that he wished evei'y man in England had a garden, and he replied " Heaven forbid," the florist looked at him with sorrowful surprise; "because," he (the Dean) continued, " in a very short time his gift would be abused. In a very short time a Urge number of his allotments would present the appearance of the garden which was covered with Groundsel, because the proprietor said he did not think it right to prejudice the soil in favour of Strawberries." Alas, for this toilsome, wearisome world, the real love of a gai'deu was very very rare. If his friend had said, ' ' I would that every man who loves a garden had a garden to love, then he would have assented to his proposal with a sevenfold amen ; but it was not so, although the love of a garden was born in us either as a dim recollection of Paradise Lost, or as a bright prevision of Paradise Regained. There were few really enthu- siastic gardeners. There were a lot of pretenders and shame ; a large proportion of the community could not help seeing that a garden was a beautiful thing, and could not help admiring the glowing colours of Nature, and sayins, " Well, it is the sort of thinga fellow must have, don't-you-know." If they would only confess their ignor.ance, oue would be satis- fied ; but somehow or another they perhaps inherited a big conservatory or turned out a lot of bcdding-oiit plants, and set up to bo gardeners. They declared they were intensely fond of flowers, and would "give you anything in the world to see your gardcu." VVhen one told them they could see it for nothing, they came and did not even look at the flowers, but began to talk about the Great Wheel at Earl's Court, or Charley's Aunt, or the Pope's Encyclical, or the Eton aud Harrow match. There were a lot of people who called themselves gardeners but who only cared for a flower because it was scarce. There were a great number of persons who only cared for flowers as they cared for furniture, because they made the drawing-room pretty, or drove the neighbours green with jealousy. Let them ring out the false aud ring in the true, and consider what the old gardeners could do to help the younger. What was gardeu-crait ' Surely it meant getting the greatest possible enjoyment out of a garden. A garden ought to be a place of quiet rest and meditation, aud at the same time of cheerful exercise ; it ought to be a place of tender memories and immortal hope. What could they do to help the young gardeners to make it such ;■ In the first place, ho thought a garden should have adaptation to the scene around it. It should be like part of a picture, and the whole of the sm'roundings should be studied. There should be a union between horticulture and architecture ; they should correspond with each other. He would have the house, at all events, partly covered with the most beautiful creepers. What they wanted in a gai-deu must be expressed iu two lines. It must be a place— '■ Where order iu variety we see, And where, though all things difl'er, all agree." He would strongly recommend the young gardener to begin by selecting some specialty, and give his attention to some particular class of flowers. In pass- ing he could not refrain from off'ering to Mr. George Dickson, of Dicksons Limited, thanks for the won- derful popularity he had conferred upou Mrs. Rey- nolds Hole. It was Mr. Dickson who sent out the flower, aud perhaps no Carnation had had so long a popularity. The young gardener might .ilso take up some special collections, such as Japanese plants. Ho believed the timn would come iu this country when a great many gardeners who had thought these new Japanese introductions were not hardy, would feel very envious when they saw specimens of them in the gardeus of those who had been more venturesome. Then there should be in some form or another a collection of alpine plants. He must express his surprise as a gardener thaS those plants had not been received more extensively in England, because he could not imagine anything more beautiful than these little gems appearmg in the early spring. After dealing with beddingout plants, Deau Hole said he believed every real, hearty, earnest gardener had the same amount of enjoyment. He verily believed a poor man had as much satisfac- tion iu a window plant as his friend Sir Trevor Lawrence h.id in the most splendid Orchid. He would in conclusion, warn young gardeners not to be too anxious to improve Nature, lest in trying to embellish they shjuld rather disfigure creation. He warned them not to have anything to do with clinkers or powdered bricks or Ijottle-ends. Let the young gardener also be abstemious iu the use of statues ; and let him beware of artificial water, flee from mud banks and stagnant pools. He was bound to say the most genial and sympathetic friends with whom he had met, were those who loved a garden. The LrrER.vTURE of Houticdltube and Garden Libraries. Mr. F. W. Bijrbidge,M:.A., F.L.S., remarked that th' lugh we had ample proof of the existence from the very earliest times of gardens, gardening literature was exceedingly scanty until we reached the middle of the thirteenth century, when the printing-press appeared. After the year 1500 all our records went to prove that the evolution of gardening and garden- ing literature went on side by side, each acting and reacting mast bcuefici.illy on the other. After tracing the Iiistory of gardeiu'ng literature down to the time of the great Charles Darwin in 1S59, he said if they studied the list of books on gardening they would find a good deal more chalf than wheat. After printing became gpner.-il they got a good book in ten years. Keally great gardening books, however, were much more rare. After Gerard e's llcrhal in 1597, there was no real great work until Miller's Z>)'c/?r5ii«n/ appeared in 17^1, Modern horti- cultural literature really dated from the beginning of the present century. Horticulture was greatly aided by the general poetry and literature of our country. Gower, Chaucer, Spenser, all the Eliza- bethan poets, including Shakspeai'e, alluded to flowers, and all the great storj-tellers had, in one way or another, used the garden as a stage. A good many people had begun to feel that a good garden was another name for a beautiful book, written and printed by the finger of God. The Sheriff of Chester (Mr. J. G. Holmes) proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the gentlemen who had read papers. He hoped the members of the deputa- tion would find Chester not only a splendid agricul- tural centre, but a splendid horticultural centre also. The climate and soil of the district were well adapted to the cultivation of fruit and flowers, and although it was somewhat disapi)oiuting to see so many orchards neglected^in that beautiful Vale Royal of England, he trusted that show might be the means of remedying the defect. Ho trusted they were inaugurating a show that evening which would be a successful and lasting institution in the future. He was very pleased to hear Dean Hole's remarks on window gardening. The streets and the architecture of Chester were well adapted for this kind of decoration, and it would add another charm to their quaint old city, aud make its streets brighter, gayer, aud more cheerful. Mr. E. J. Baillie (Chester), seconded, and the vote was carried with acclamation. The Rev. W. Wilks proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the Mayor for presiding. As a very humble specialist — a specialist in Poppies — he sirongly supported the Dean of Rochester's advice to young gardeners to take up a specialty. It did not matter bow humble the flower, fruit or vegetable might be ; if they only devoted their energies to it as a specialty, they were absolutely certain to improve it for all generations to come. Bedding out, upon which Deau Hole had also touched, was not all bad. It was only so very bad because fifteen or twenty years ago, gardeners did nothing but bed cut. To do nothing but bed out was pre emieuently bad ; to neglect bedding out altogether was, to his mind, only a little less bad. What they wanted was the happy medium. They wanted their herbaceous borders, their regular old English gardens of quaiut, sweet-smelling flowers. He did not think that they wanted very many of the great big scentless Roses, scentless Carnations, and scentless Begonias without any form. They wanted their old English flowers, aud they could make plenty of room for bedding-out in its proper place as well. Let them try as gardeners not to run to one extreme or another, but to hit o9' the happy medium and utilise those wonderful advant.ngcs and resources which the great Creator of all had placed at the hands and disposition of gardeners. The resolution was seconded by Mr. T. Stattek, Stand Hall, Manchester, and carried ; and the Mayor's reply brought the proceedings to a close. The Rosary. THE NEW RACE OF HYBRID TEA HOSES. In his charming chat about Koses on pp. 90 and 91 iu a recent number of the Gardeners' Chronicle, Dr David R. Williamson, in praising his new loves, by no means neglects or iguores the old. On the con- trary, he places such established favourites as Duchess of Albany, Caroline Testmit, and La France, at the top of the list, not only forgrowth, but fragrance aud beauty, calling the latter, as it deserved to be, supreme, the queen of the garden in the present, and probably unsurpassed for form, fiagranco, colour in tho future. A good many attempts have been made to improve, alter, or change the coloiu', aud no doubt, as we can hardly imagine it possible to have an excess of La Franco in our gardens and landscapes, the more we can have of La Frauce character and style of Uoscs, the better. Hence, difl'erent, deeper, lighter shades of pink, crimson, yellow, orange, white La France would be August 8, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 155 welcome. Hitherto, however, efforts to get La France Roses of different and distinct colours have not been very successful. The so-called whites have had a strong dash of pink, or a .stain of oiauge or of yellow ; the deepened pinks have dashes of dull carmine or purplish hues of the somewhat dull type of Cheshunt Hybrid ; in fact, the colour is about the one great fault of this Rose, and I am lather surprised it was passed without comment by Dr. Williamson as one of the most meritorious of all the Hybrid Teas, and one of the finest companions to Gloire de Dijon. With a new and brighter colour— yes ; but with its present purplish blend of colour — no. Better mate the Glory with the hybrid perpetuals —Salamander, Duke of Kdiuburgh, OeueralJacqueminot, orthemuch more brilliant Hybrid Tea, Reine Marie Henriette. But La France seems about as perfect in colour as in size, form, fragrance. The nearest approach to a white La France is found iu Augustine Guinoisse.au, and that is so inferior to the type that one can but be glad it was not a success. If we are to have a white or golden La Franco from seeds, or bud, or branch sports, let us hope that they will be equal, or if that be possible, superior to the type. The colour is so soft and charming, so delicately blended and sh.aded with silvern rosy-lilac, that wo can hardly have too much of it in the garden. And then we have darker rosy-piuks in Danmark and Duchess of Albany, a dash of salmon in the pink of Caroline Testout, a deeper dash of car- mine-rose in La Fraichenr, with more of carmine- rose and vermilion in the newest hybrid Tea, i Marquise Litta. Higher praise could hanlly be given than that awarded by Dr. Williamson totheGold Medal Rose, Mrs. W. G. Grant, shown at the National Hose Society, viz., that it unites the dignity of Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. 1 like this phrase, so far as I remiMuber applied to a Rose for the first time, and admirably de-criptive of Lady Mary at her best— unites the dignity of Lady Mary with the distinctive fragrance of La France. Surely more likely lines could hardly be followed to give us more or improved La France Roses, for yet we can make ample room for such. Rosa. TuE Nation.^l Rose SoriiiXY at Ulvcr.ston. In A. H. K. B.'s books of pleasant essays, there is one on the expression, " Under the circumstances," in which he shows how it does service in a great many inslanccs, and softens the fall when things do not quite turn out according to anticipation. When the National accepted the invitation of the North Lons- dale Hose Society to hold their northern sliow for this year at Ulverston, some wanted to know where Ulverston was ; those who were officially connect d with the society knew very well that it was the head- quarters of one of the affiliated societies which hn always shown signs of a vigorous existence, that it bad a good working executive, and a very indefatig- able secretary in Mr. J. Mackrath ; it was said, how- ever, that as it involved a six hours' journey from London, and that as the weather was very warm, and the season verye.arly, southern exhiliitors would be out of the ruuniug, and that altogether a very iuditlerent show might be anticipated. Using the phrase "under the cu'cuuistanccs,"' it may safely be said that these gloomy anticipations were not realized, and that a much better exhibition was held than might have been expected. Opinions will always vary .as to the comparative excellence or otherwise of exhibitions, and so very opposite opinions have been expressed with regard to this show by Rosarians. The judgment of the general public does not count for much, but it only shows how wide is the interest created by the National Society, and how loyally its members strive to support it, that so many exhibitors from the South put in an appearance. It is true, that in the nursery- men's classes we missed all the southern growers except Messrs. Prior of Colchester. Messrs. Mount, Mattock, and Burrell, the prand H.r.'s shown by the two firms of C5ut at Colchester, and Paul of Cheshunt, were not to be seen, nor did Messrs. Prior exhibit any H.P.'s ; while the falling off of the amateur exhibitors of Teas, was very remarkable. This is self-evident when we find that the names of Orpen, Berners, P.nge Roberts, Burnside, Foster-Melliar, and Hill-Gray, were not to be found, yet notwithstanding this, there were, according to Mr. Mawley, forty-two exhibits from south of the Trent. On the other li.and, the midland and northern exhibitors had a good time of it, and this is as it should be, as it was for them that the Northern show was established, and while no one grudge? the winner of the Trophy the double-first that he has taken this year, many would have been better pleased if it had been taken by a midland or northern exhi- bitor. To those who came from a distance the weather was also very trying : one exhibitor who brought up his Roses from the South, told us he had never experienced such a night since 1872, and that the railway vans were like ovens ; another told us leading position when it is more widely distributed. Messrs. Dickson also obtained the Gold Medal for the best seedling or sport, Muriel Grahame, which has already been noticed in the report for the metro- politan show. It is a fine Tea, a spoit from either Catherine Mermet or The Bride, and distinct in colour ; they had also in their stand of new Roses a bloom of Alice Lindsell, which seems to be a pro- mising flower. It is a beautiful cerise-pink, in the style of Francois Michelon, and we .shall probably hear more of it another time. Mamau Cochet was again to the front, and obtained a Medal for the beat Tea in the nurseryman's class, and was won by Messrs. Merryweather. Beside the box of Jlrs. W. J. Grant, there was a superb box of Caroline Testout, from Messrs. CroU of Dundee, and another of Mrs. John Laing, from Mr. Geo. Mount of Canterbury. The other med.als for the best Rose were awarded to Messrs. Mack, for a bright bloom of Victor Hugo ; and in the amateurs' class to Rev. J. H. Pembertou, for a fine bloom of Catherine Mermet ; and Mr. .1. T. Mardcn, for a good Her Majesty. It was hardly to be expected that garden Roses could be bhown iu such good form as they were by Mr. Maohin. Of course, single Roses were all over, l.mt his stand, consisting mainly of Tea.s, Noisettes, and Polyantha effectively arranged, attracted much attention. A good deal of interest centred in the competition for special prizes, the Veitch Memorial Medal aud £.5 having been awarded to a southern grower— Mr. II. P. Landon, of Brentwood. The prizes offered by Mr. Victor Cavendish, President of the local society, consisting of three pieces of plate, were awarded to Mr. Whitton of Bed.ale, Mr. E. B. Lindsell of Hitchin, and Rev. J. H. Pemberton of Havering. Thus again do the southerners come in, although Mr. Whitton, a northerner, took the 1st prize. It is to be noticed, as has been done before, that there is a great scarcity of northern amateurs ; it has been sometimes thought, aud truly so, that the exhibitions encourage growers to come forward, but it has bad comparatively little success in the north. Twice the society has been to Darlington, and fewer exhibitors come from that neighbourhood than formerly ; once it has been to Edinburgh, and we doubt if exhibiting has been much improved in and about the Scottish capital. It is possible that Ulverston may be an exception, but there is an evident feeling amongst trade growers that the South is more f ivourable to them. Messrs. Harkness & Sons have opened Iheir establishmeut at Hitchin, Mr. Burrell has come down from Darlington to Cambridge, and Messrs. Dickson & Sons have gone to Ledbury. On the whole, then, the exhibition at Ulverston, thongli not comparable with that of Derby last year, or the most of our northern ex- hibitions, was better both in numbers and quality than could have been expected. There were no sensational blooms, nor anything that will much linger in the rosaiian's memory. The .arrangements, as might have been expected, were admu-ably carried out, and reflected gre.at credit on the committee aud their excellent Secretary, Mr. Mackrath. Fl<:. i'. OOOSKIIEKIIV LAMXKY BKAUTV. A cross between a, Railw.ay ; ami b. Yellow C'liainpagnu. that all the Ijlooms that he had .staged iu his boxes were useless when he got to Ulverston, and that he had to rely entirely upon " spares " ; one exhibitor who showed Teas very well, exhibited from a piece where the Roses had been planted iu a low-lying position, where the earlier blooms had been cut off by the May frosts, and the Roses that he showed were from the shoots which had been produced after this misfortune (if misfortune it can be called), which turned out so favourably for him. As might have been expected, Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Sons came out very strong, especially in the matter of new PL0ses,in which indeed they were the only exhibitors ; Mrs. W. J. Grant has never been shown so well as in the box which obtained for them the first prize for the best light Rose, twelve blooms. There is little doubt that this very distinct Rose will occupy a A NEW GOOSEBERRY. A FiiisT-cLAss Certificate was awarded by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at the last meeting to a Gooseberry named Langley Beauty, exhibited by Messrs. Jas. Veitch k Sons, Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea. This seedling variety was raised from a cross between Yellow Champagne and Railway, and is another remarkable instance in which the fruits produced by the seed- ling exceeds in size those upon either of the parents. To" illustrate this, a single fruit from each parent is engraved upon fig. 27 above the representation of the seedling. It was intended to combine the larger berries of Railway with the upright habit of growth and greater flavour possessed by the latter. This has apparently been done ; and, it may be added, the fruits of the seedling, beside being of first-rate flavour, are of a yellowish colour and han.lsome in appearance. 156 THE GABDENEBS' GHBONIGLE. [Adgdst 8, 1896. REMARKS ON THE FRUIT CROPS. (Sec Tnhhs, pp. 124 to 131.) Our annual synopsis of the numerous reports as to the condition of the fruit crops was presented to our readers in our last issue. The returns then published embr:i,ce almost all of the counties in Great Britain and Ireland, also the Channel Islands. From the reports we have been favoured with, it is obvious that but for the unusual drought, the season's fruit crop would have been an ovei-flowing one. Under all circumstances, it is satisfactory to find that there are such average crops as were returned in the summary of last week. The tabular matter already published allows of little detail, and doubtless extracts from fuller remarks upon the sub- ject will be interesting to the greater number of the readers of this journal. The matter that the courtesy of our correspondents has placed in our hands, how- ever, is so voluminous, that only a proportion of it — mostly typical cases, and containing useful and specific data upon certain varieties — can be used. 0, SCOTLAND, N. Morayshire. — The fruit crops in this district are looking exceptionally well, and promise to be early. Apples of nearly all sorts set well, excepting Lord Suffield, and since the heavy rains of last moutb, they are swelling away fast. Apricots (which were in full flower by the end of February) and Plums set an immense crop, and both have had to be severely thinned. Peaches are also a good crop ; the foliage is clean and healthy, and promises well for another season. By the end of this week (second week in July) we shall be able to gather Waterloo and Early lieatrice from south wall. R. C. Wehiter, Gon'on- Castle Gardens, Fve/iabcrs. Nairnshire. — This season's fruit crop in Nairn- shire, and, as far as I can learn, all over the North, is the best that has been for a number of years. Apples are an exceptionally heavy crop, aud they are sweUing very well now, although rather stift' for some time. Pears ou the whole are about an average crop, except in the case of Jarguuelles, whicli are a much better crop than any of the other varieties. Damsons and Plums are very good. Green Gages are very heavy at Kilravock ; the Victorias are, strange to hay, the only failures. Cherries looked very well in the early season, but did not turn out well in stoning, and aro oidy now an average crop. Small fruits are very fine. Strawberries being an enormous crop; Com- petitor seems to do very well here, some of the fruits being 4 oz. in weight. Gooseberries, Black Currants, aud Raspberries are also far above the average crop. Alexander Boss, KUmrurl; Castle. Fruits are a fair average crop. Gooseberries and Kaspberries above the average ; Gooseberries so much so, both in quantity and weight, that the branches are borne to the ground. Apples a good crop, especially Bleuheims ; old stjudard trtes, which halno crop for years, are loaded. Pears aro very lightly cropped. Standard Victoria Plums loaded ; those on walls very thin. Cherries thin ; dropped when stoning. Jiimcs Malllnnd, Cenedor Castle, Nitirn. 1. SCOTLAND, E. Aberdeenshire. — Fruit trees in general had a very abundaut blossom. Apples set well, but during the hot dry weather in Miiy, some of them got over-run with fly and thrip, causing the fruit to drop off, so there is not such an abundant crop as was promised at one time. Pears did not blossom abundantly, but et well : they are a thin crop. Plums are extra, and have had all to be thinned. Small fruits are all a large crop, except Strawberries. John Forrest, The Gardens, lladdo House, Aberdeen. B.vNEESHiRE. — Fruit in genenal is a fair crop. Strawberries have been very deficient, and Pears are thiu. Peaches in some situations are tliiu, but very early. I had Alexander Peaches in the first week of July on the open w.all. July 19 was the earliest date I have hitherto picked from the .same tree. .Suiall fruit, with the exception of Black Cur- rants, aie very plentiful. J. Fraser Smith, Culleii Gardens. Berwickshire. — The fruit crops in Berwickshire are on the whole exceedingly good this year. There is without exception an abundant crop of all kinds of fruit usually grown in this district. Perfect weather condition*', prevailed down to the month of May, and fruit-trees under cultivation set their fruit in great abundance. We have had sufficient rain during the past six weeks to keep crops in a healthy growing condition, so that from a point of quantity, quality, size, and finish, the fruit is everything that could be desired. The fine dry autumn we had last year left the Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Apricot trees in a good fruitful condition, and the absence of late spring frosts was all in favour of 1896 being a fruitful year. In districts like this, where the soil is of a light nature, lying on gravel, the want of snow and rain during the winter and spring mouths has been felt to some extent, and the lack of mois- ture in the ground has caused the above-named trees to drop their fruit in quantity, but still there is sutti- cient left to form an abundant crop. Strawberries, Kaspberries, and other small bush-fruits, are decidedly above the average, and there is a good demand for them in the different markets about, while prices range very favourably to the grower. Garden and field Potatos promise to be a very heavy crop. They have a luxuriant appearance everywhere, and up to date there is not the slightest trace of disease. Early varieties are giving a return much above the average, and the size and quality are excellent. John Mac- ki'nnon, Ai/ton Castle, Aijton, N.tS., July 15. Ou the whole our fruit crops are above the average. There was a very full bloom and an absence of frost, consequent!}' a thick set, but the dry weather that succeeded prevented many from swelling. Tho Plum crop wa.s exceptionally heavy. Of the newer Plums, The Cza.' and Sultan we find most u.=eful. Among Apples of less newer sorts, Bismarck, .Snud- ringham. Lane's Piince Albert, Bramley's Seedling, Baumann's Ked Reiuette, and Pott's Seedling, are most useful and reliable. Our best Pears are Wil- liams' Bon Chrdtien, Beurre d'Amanlis, Beurrc^ Super- fiu, Louis Bonne'of Jersey, Marie Louise .and Doyenne du Cornice. John Cairns, The Hirsel Gardens, Cold- stream. East Lothian. — I have never seen Plums finer nor earlier, the first dish of Rivers' Early Prolific having been gathered on 13lh July. A few Pe.iche.', were ready on the same day; and the earlier Fie on the 18th. The la.st-named is the finest crop we have ever had. Apples are clean, and if not large, will be well coloured. R. P. Brotherston, Tijnin'jhame. FiKE.SHiRF. — This is the second good fruit year in succession, an unusual circumstance for Fifeshiie. There are partial failures among certain varieties, but they are due to the extra crop these varieties bore last year, illustrating again the necessity of thinning heavily-loaded trees. In the famous Pear locality (Newburgh), some of the varieties, such as ISourre' d'Amanlis, are very scarce. The appearance of the fruit now indicates a dift'erence of at least two weeks in the earliness of this senson compared with last. W. Williamson, Tarvit. ■ Kincardineshire. — The fruit crop in this neigh- bourhood is the best I have seen during the last ten years. Wo had a fine spiiug, free from frosts, and we have uot suff'ered very much from dry weather. At present all trees are very clean and healthy. W. Kiiiijht, FiMque. Kinross-shire. — Although fruit blossom was very abundant this year, owing to the cold aud rather wet season last year, I think the trees had not strength to set their fruit. Jno, Fortune, Blairadam Gardens. Midlothian. — The weather since the end of August last year has been decidedly favourable in this district to the fruit crops. A dry and sunny autumn ripened wood and flower-buds thoroughly, and was followed by an extra dry mihl winter, .and a spring free from severe frost. Fruit trees conse- quently flowered well, aud set fruits in great abund- ance. A rather dry period followed, which caused the young fruit to suffer a good deal from drought and insects ; but the rain came early in June, and saved a good crop in most places. Some of the moat regular-beai-ing Apples have failed, however, to a great extent this year, including most of the Codlin tribe ; while varieties that do uot always bear regularly in succession, such as Blenheim Pippin, Wellington, Alfriston, Beds Foundling, Tower of Glamis, Emperor Alexander, are heavily laden. Of the regular bearers, Ecklinville, Warner's King, Wor- cester Pearmain, Prince Albert, and King of the Pippins are among the best this season. Plums are a very fine crop, Jefferson, Kirke's, Victoria, Pond's Seedling, Early Transparent, Early Prolific, Czar, Belgian Purple, Deuuiston's Superb, Cue's Golden Drop, and many others, being heavily laden. C berries are a good average, all the popular varieties bearing well ; Early Rivers fully maintaining its high reputa- tion as an early black variety. Peaches and Nec- tarines on the open walls are an extra good crop ; and so are Apricots, all the varieties, but especially the earlier sorts, bearing full crops. Bush fruit is good all round. Superlative Raspberry is a grand cropper, and much the best red variety grown. Royal Sovereign promise s to be a standard Strawberry liere, where so few varieties do well on the light soil. Malcolm. Dunn, The Gardens, Dalkeith. Perthshire. — The season has been favourable throughout, aud the crop of all kinds of fruit in this neighbourhood, generally, are above the average. Field cultivation of the Strawberry is largely prac- tised here. The crop is heavy, but the prces aie far from remunerative. Everything is about a fortnight earlier than usual. We commenced to gather Alexandra Peaches from the open vail on the 9th of July. A. McKinnon, Sronr Palace. Strawberries sufi'ered from the drought very much ; caterpillars on Apple-trees are also very bad, liut Gooseberry bushes were quite free. Pear trees were very full of bloom, but in many cases few fruits set. Apples are large, early varieties have the heaviest crops. ITm. Wright, Taymouth Castle Gardens. 6. SCOTLAND, W. Aruyixshiuk. — The outdoor fruit crops are pro- mising. Bush and wall trees are clean and healthy. Apples in general are carrying heavy crops of clean fruit; but Pears are much thiuner than last year. Some varieties of Plums are scarce, but Victori.as are good. Strawberries have been very abuudant, and came in early. Morello Cherries are very plentiful. D. S. Mclrille, Poltalloch, Lochgilphead. Dumbartonshire. — Apples never showed more blossom than this spring, but, unfortunately, a cold north-west wind destroyed the fruits from the side of the trees most exposed to it. Raspberries are excellent, and ten days earlier than usual. Straw- berries are also e.xcellent, particularly John Ruskiu, which I was gathering on June 10. Red Currants are very plentiful. D. Stewart, Knociderry Cast/e Garden^-!. Dumfriesshire. — All fruit most abundaut and fine, except Apples and Pears, which are never very plentiful or fine in this climate, especially in this low-lying garden of cold soil. D. Thomson, Drumlanrig. Stirlingshire. — The Apple-trees in this district are bearing an extra fine crop of fruit, aud making vigorous healthy growth. Pear aud Plum-trees were in blossom this year earlier — ten days earlier than usual. The spring frosts, early in April, destroyed many of the blossoms of Pears and Plums, and there is a very spare crop. A. Crosbic, Buchanan Gardens. Strawberries have been a large crop generally, but several varieties which promised well at one time ai'e to be discarded. Aberdeen Favourite and Rivers' Eliza were worthless, while President and Moft'at's Duke of ]"]dinburgh are first-rate. John Ruskiu was ripe Juno 7. M. Temple, Carron, N.B. WioToNsiiiKE. — The season, so far, has been very favour.able to the fruit crops. The recent heavy rains have cleansed the foliage of the later fruits from insect l)ests, which threatened earlier in the season to do much damage. Apples, Pears, and Plums, are bearing AuGDST 8, 1896.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 157 good crops, and judging from appearances at this date, they should finish off fine fruits. Strawberries were abundant ; bush fruits, with the exception of Gooseberries, very good. Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, and Figs are good crops, and earlier than usual. James Day, Galloway House, Wiylonshirc. ■2. ENGLAND, N.E. Durham.— During the thirty years that I have had charge of these large gardens, I have never known the fruit crops so fine throughout — Apples, Apricots, Gooseberries, an enormous crop ; Straw- berries also very abundant, measured one fruit, 6j inches round— so you will see they are also very fine. The season, though rather dry, has just suited this district. J. Nolle, Woodhurn, Darliiujlon. NoRTHDMBERLAND. — Several varieties of Apples in the garden are a full crop ; large trees in orchards are very light. Pears are an irregular crop. Plums on walls .are fine, especially Victoria and Jefferson. Apricots and Peaches carry full crops. Of Cherries, the Morello has cast much of its fruit about the district. Small fruits are heavy crops, and of fine quality. The weather was too dry for Strawberries, yet there were some fine crops in this district ; Royal Sovereign promises to do well. Ucoiye Harris, Castle Gardens, Alnwick. The fruit crops in this district present, on the whole, a promising appearance. Apples are a heavy crop on such varieties as Niton House, Domino, Hunt- house, Full wood, Stirling Castle, Beauty of Moray, Lane's P. Albert, Prince of Wales, and Warner's King. Pears are good. Durondeau, Clapp's Favourite, and Hacon's Incomparable are always excellent here. Strawberries will be a short crop on some soils. In such phenomenally fine spring weather as we experienced, a heavy crop was expected, but April, May, and June, being so dry, Strawberry growers had much ground for anxiety ; however, from Alnwick and district as much as 7 tons per day have been sent to market. The quality was, as a rule, good, and prices high. Black and Red Currants are excellent. Raspbeny Superlative is again giving us au abundant crop. It is, without doubt, the best grown for either dessert or preserving. Dai id hujlis, Howiek Hall, Lcsbury, Ji.S.O. Yorkshire. — Apples and Pears did not set well owing to drought. Plums are an exceptionally heavy crop, especially Victorias, Green Gages, Mitchelsou's, and Damsons. Apricots also set well, and had to be severely thinned. All bush-fruits have carried heavy crops, but Black Currants suffered from an attack of fly at the beginning of June, which reduced^the berries. /. Jiidddl, Castle Howard. The excessive drought in the spring and summer injured the .Strawberry crops where good deep cultivation with abundance of water during the flowering period has not been given, the crop was very quickly over ; the varieties that have done best are Keen's Seedling, President, Sir J. Paxton. Cherries abundant and excellent, varieties Black Circassian, Black Eagle, Royal Duke, May Duke, Early Bigarreau, Bigarreau Napoleon, and Elton. Trees that were planted many years ago against a west wall not giving satisfaction as trained trees, have been allowed to grow as they like, giving good result : they are covered with large nets to keep off birds, and the men can take steps or ladder and gather without trouble— this is the way to grow Cherries, and the pleasure of seeing them hang in their beautiful clusters. Three good varieties are Black Circassian, Roy.al Duke, and Bigarreau Napoleon. B. Wmlth, BirdsaU, Yorks. The fruit crops in this neighbourhood, taken as a whole, are slightly under average. Apples showed an enormous amount of bloora, but set very irregularly. Pears trees bloomed but sparingly, with but few exceptions, which is not to be wondered at when we consider the two heavy crops in succession in 1894 and 1895. Apricots'set .a/^heavy crop. Plums bloomed well, but failed^to set, excepting Victoria, the trees of which aie heavily laden. " This is a bad Plum district.'' SmallJ fruits [plentiful, but rather small on account of the continual drought, with the exception of Black Currants, which are very thin. Jolui Easter, Nostcll Priory Gardens, Wakefield. — Early in the season fruits of all kinds showed a most wonderful promise, but the long drought caused a good deal to drop through the stoning period. Still, all round, we are much above the average, except Pears, which are small and scarce, especially the better kinds. Apples, where grown on the bush system, viz.. Paradise stock, are very good and clean. Frederick Knellcr, Stiullcy Royal Gardens, Ripon. .Strawberries, heavy crop, chiefly V. H. du Thury and President, which do well on our strong clay land ; Royal Sovereign promises to be the best early we have as yet tried, although this year Auguste Nicaise ran it very close fnr earliness. Gooseberries and red Currants are especially fine and clean ; but the Raspberries are beginning to suffer from drought, although they have been good the firet two or three gatherings. Apple trees suffered much damage from caterpillars, as well as some Oak trees and a Horn-, beam hedge, which were completely riddled. Thos Bonsall, Ebnet Hall, Lei ds. This is what might be termed a good general fruit season. Many kinds of Apples on bush and stand.ai-d are a heavy crop, while not one is a total failure. The same, too, may be said of Pears ; bushes which have not borne fruit for the last five years .are carrying heavy crops. Many varieties of Plums, especially Victorias, are heavily cropped ; but many of the trees are badly infested with .aphis. Apricots are a good crop ; so also .arc Cherries, both sweet and MorelloB. Bush fruits of all kinds are plentiful and good for this district. Strawberries have been abundant and very fine — better than for the past five years. J. Hughes, Wenlworth Woodhouse Gardens. The fruit crop here, taken as a whole, is the best I have had during my service, which will soon reach twenty-six years. The fruits are very free from both cracking and black-fungus, which in wet seasons we suffer much from, especially Pears and Apples, to some extent, but not so bad .-vs Pears. Red-spider, aphis, and caterpillar, have given much trouble, the former especially, but by frequent wash- ings with garden-engine and cold water the pest has been kept fairly well down. The season in this dis- trict is quite a fortnight earlier than usual. Waterloo Peach ripe on open wall July 6. Wm. C'hitck, Brodx- worlli Hall Gardens. Doneastcr. • Fruit-trees of all kinds never looked more promising than they did in the early part of the season, and the weather hiis been all we could desire, except the short supply of rain, which amounts only to 8'-44 inches for six months ending June 30, which is below the average since 1887, when it was 6"96 inches. Apples are dropping off, and all trees carrying fruit show signs of distress in places where artificial watering is out of the question, and fruit will be small unless rain comes soon ; insects have been plentiful, and caused much labour in hand- picking, spraying, &c. About seven miles distant, in the neighbourhood of Beverley, the Codlin-moth is very troublesome this season. John Allsnji, T/ie Gardens, Dalton Hall, near Hall. 3. ENGLAND, E. Cambridgeshire. — The fruit crop in this district is good on the whole. Lane's Prince Albert Apples being very good, also Cox's Or.ange Pippin, Duchess of Oldenberg, Frogmore Prohfic, the Ecklinville Seedling being light. Caterpillars were very .abundant ; I find hellebore-powder clear them off successfully. W. C. Smythc, Upwell House Gardens. Essex. — Apples, notwithstanding the drought, are a heavy crop ; the trees are clean and healthy. Pears promise well ; and Plums, but for the blight, would have been of very good (piality. All small fruits are suffering from drought. The Cherries are clean and good. Morello Cherries a very heavy crop, but for want of water the fruit is small. Jas. Dour/las, Great Gcaries, Hford. Tlie Apple crop, on the whole, is a good one ; the Keswick Codlin is a veiy plentiful crop, and other sorts are very good. Of Pears, Williams' Bon Chretien is a very heavy crop. The small fruit are breaking down with the weight of the crop. E.[Hill, Belmont Castle Gardens. We had very good prospects of having good fruit crop during the flowering period, but owiag^ to the dry north-east winds and frost that prevailed at the time, the crops were oonsider.ably injiiied, more particularly Apples, Pears, and Plums on the standards. Strawberries soon over, through the dry- ness of the se.ason. Rainfall only 0 28 for JIay. Jainss Vert, Audlcy End Gardens. Norfolk. — The very dry weather of May saved the fruit crops from three very sharp frosts, which occurred in the last week in May, when the trees were in bloom. After passing through a complete plague of iusect pests in the e.arly part of the season, it is quite surprising how well the trees look, after the nice rains of the 15 and lUth inst. The trees are now looking well. Plums and .\pples are a heavy crop. I am glad to say the dry weather has thinned some of those that were the most heavily ladened. Trees have stood the drought well. Wm. Allan, Qnnton Park. Suffolk. — The Apple crop in this district is au average one, but the fruit will be poor in iiuality. Trees have been much blighted and infested with fly. Pears are healthy and clean, and .above the average. Apricots are a heavy crop — Large Early, Shipley, Roman, and Kaisha, being particularly good. Of Plums, trained trees carry the best crops, but stut in the best nurseries the stocks are " opened out," as it is called, viz., a portion of the soil in which they are planted is taken out around them to the depth of about 6 inches, and the bud inserted below the ground level, waiting till the buds are started and have grown a foot or so, and then returning the soil. This protects the bud, prevents its blowing out, while in many cases it encourages the Rose to root into the soil, .and so become eventually even independent of the stock. All the above-named stocks are easily raised front cuttings, made of the young matured wood, avoid- ing such that is pithy, and bedded out in rows from 6 to S inches apart in late autumn or early winter. Thus treated they will root, and be generally ready to take a bud in the following July, or to lift and pot for grafting in January to March. Experience. EARLY AND LATE VARIETIES OF CHERRIES. It is rarely that a bad year as regards Cherries occurs at Syon, although the soil of the garden might not be supposed a very suitable one for the Cherry ; and at the time I am writing — the middle of the month of July, the trees, unless frequently afforded water, would suffer greatly, especially those which are he,avily cropped. Cherries seem to suffer worse than other stone fruit in a droughty summer like the present, the trees rooting near to the surface. It is not good practice to crop the border close up to the (.'herry-trees as is often done, the roots being then compelled to go into what is perhaps a poorer soil, with the result that gumming and canker are set up, and the trees are soon spoilt. It is surprising how well a Cherry-tree will fruit if the roots can run beneath a hard path, doubtless obtaining moisture in such places. In a hard soil the roots become very fibrous and have many ramifications, and although they are near the surface, they do not become uuduly dry. From trees in a poor, light, sandy soil the fruits are not so fine as those from a retentive, rich soil, and black-fly gives more trouble. Moreover, iu light land a Cherry-tree is not long-lived if it be not well nourished ; still, with proper attention to the needs of the tree, regular crops are obtained which ripen much earlier than is the case in retentive land. This season at Syon was the earliest of which we have a record, ripe fruits being gathered early in the month of June. The variety Early Rivers was^ the first to ripen. It is a very fine dessert fruit, black, handsome, and of fine quality ; it is a seed- ling 'from the Early Purple Gem. The tree thrives exceedingly, never fails to fruit in quantity ; but its season is short, and the stone, being small, there is more flesh than with varieties of the same size. The tree is not vigorous at Syon. I recently saw some very fine fruits of the variety on a bush growing in an unheated house. Another variety not so'well known as it deserves is Bigarreau de Schreken, a large, black, shining fruit of the highest quality, the tree an excellent one for planting on a south or;west wall, and coming in, as it does, just after the EarlyjRivers (this year it was ripe at the same time), and being a dessert variety, it is a very welcome addition to eai-ly Cherries. I first saw this Bigarreau in the gardens of Gunnersbury House, Acton, Mr. Hudson having a very fine tree, which, for pot-culture, never fails to bear fine fruits. It is one of the best varieties, making good growth, and prolific. Another excellent Cherry is Black Tar- tarian, a large, fine Cherry, forcing well, but not always thriving in cold soils. With us it never fails to bear fruit ; the trees are m)dsnte growers. The fruit is of first quality, and it is in season in the third week in July, rather later when planted on an east wall, but its chief value is its earliness. As IGO THE GAHDENEnS' CHBONICLE. [AcoKT 8, 13S6. late fruiters, there are Wender's Early Black, a fine wall Cherry, coming into use after those named, but coming in with Knight's Early Black, and Black Tai'tariau, I merely notice its good qualities in this garden. Among later black varieties there are many ■very fine fruits ; indeed, with Cherries, both early and late, there is no lack of variety. The old Black Heart, a variety much grown on standards for market, brings •much fine fruit when afforded a pUce on a wall. BUck Eagle is a great cropper, but is not valuable on light laud, as it is wanting in size. Both of the above are in season early in July. Bigarreau de Hadelfingen is a very fine black Cherry, which is in season at the eud of that month, a heavy cropper, with fruits of the finest flavour, and of especially good quality when grown on a west wall. One of the best late varieties here is St. Mar- garet, or Tradescant's Heart, a favourite late July •fruit, which keeps well into the following month. I do not recommend the variety for cultivation as a pyramid or bush in light soil, but as a wall Cherry, as -there it can be readily protected ; and my experience with bush or pyramid trees is, that they require good 6oil and proper cultural attention to get fine fruits, and plenty of them ; and unless protection can be afforded them, the birds devour the fruits whole- .sale, and large pyramids and bushes are didicult to •protect from them. In light red and yellow-fruited varieties there is a wide selection, including some of the finest grown. Frogmore Bigarreau is a large pale yellow fruit, marbled with red, and it is one of the richest- davoured, and the tree good in any form. It is not the earliest Bigarreau, B. Jaboulay being earlier. This last is a grand variety for a tree against a wall. Empress Eugenie, an early variety, is one of the best of the Duke family, noted for size and good flavour. The fruit is of the May Duke type, and the tree IS a fine wall Cherry. The Cherry most favoured among the lighter-coloured is Governor Wood, a large pale red fruit, and the tree a grand cropper ; indeed, I have never known it to fail here, and on a west wall 'it is in season in the middle of June. The variety may be termed one of the best, though it failed with me on a wet clayey soil in a garden in the West of England, and I make a note of this failure to prevent disappointment. It is worth the trouble of making a special border for it by draining, and abiding lighter soils, as well as mortar-rubble and charred earth. Those who admire large fruits would do well to grow Bigarreau Monstreuse de Mezel, whoae fruit resembles that of Napoleon in colour, but it is a much finer fruit, with a very rich flavour. This i.s a Cherry which Mr. Rivers of Sawbridgeworth grows well in his cool Cherry-houses, and it is a fine variety for walls, and is in season in the middle of July. In my opinion it is one of the best of the type at Syou. although not bearing so freely as Napoleon. This last is prolific and good as a tree in any form ; its season is the early part of August. Emperor Francis is a fine fruit, late, and well worthy of a space on a wall ; it i.s less known than many others. Hoyal Duke is excellent on a wall or in a cool house, succeeding May Duke, and also coming of good size and flavour on a cool wall Late Duke is one of the best kte August varieties, large in fruit, and ot a bright red in colour, in flavour some- what acid, but this is a grateful quality to many palates. It is of much value for its lateness. The Windsor Cherry is very late : we have it in a small state, but though the fruit is large, it is less productive than the others I have named. It was introduced from America, Much depends in Chemes •on soil and drainage as regards quality and keeping ; and where Cherries can be grown in a cool-house they well repay the expense, and the season during which Cherries can then be obtained renders the fruit very valuable fir the dessert. G. Wi/lhes. Trees and Shrubs. BETOLA MAXIMOWICZIANA. In Professor Sargent's Forest Flora of Japan —a singularly interesting and valuable record of his travels in Japan a few years ago, and which has added immensely to our knowledge of the arboreal vegetation of that country — he states that this Birch is certainly one of the handsomest trees in Japan, and that its introduction to cultivation w,as alone worth the journey. He first saw it in Yezo, a "shapely tree, 80 to 90 feet high, with a trunk 2 to 3 feet in diameter, and covered with a pale orange-coloured bark." Several young trees, from 5 to 7 feet high, are now growing in the collection of Birches at Kew. Their h»alth and vigour were not affected in the slightest degree by the trying Februai"y of 1895, ao that there is every promise of their development into handsome trees, and that they will form a striking addition to English gardens. Professor Sargent re- marks that the leaves are the most distinct feature of the tree, and the other day I measured leaves on one of the young trees at Kew which were 7 inches long, and over 5 inches wide — surely remarkable dimensions far the leaf of a Birch. They are cordate, of thin texture, and dark green in colour. '• As they flutter on their long, slender stalks, they offer a spectacle which can be cjmpared with that which is afforded by our silver-leaved Linden waving its branches before some Hemlock-covered hill of the southern Alleghany Mountains." {Forest Flora of Japan, p. 62.) W. J. B. A Cricket Match was played by Messrs. Low & Co.'s club, of Clapton, against Messrs. B. S. Williams k Son's club, of Upper Holloway, on Bank Holiilay, at Clapton, which resulted in the Holloway team winning. The Week's Work. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. By C. Herrin, Gardener, Dropmorc, MaidenkeatJ. WINTER LETTUCES.— It is of importance that a sowing of various Lettuces be made early in the present mouth for spring and early summer use, making one sowing forthwith, and another in about ten days later. A few days lost at this season may mean failure if the autumn should be wet and cool ; it is best, therefore, not to err in being late, but to make an early sowing, followed by another, from one of which a stock of plants may be obtained that will survive the winter. My experience teaches that no variety is better for this purpose than the black- seeded brown or Bath Cos ; and for a white Cos, if required. Hick's Hardy White. I rely upon these to the exclusion of Cabbage varieties, but if a Cabbage variety be grown, the hardiest is Hammersmith Hardy Green. The seeds should be sown in shallow drills drawn about 9 inches apart on a piece of land in an open situation, the greater number of the plants to be transplanted when suBiciently large to a south or other sheltered border. Early or quick-hearting varieties may still be sown for autumn use ; and the small-headed Golden Queen Cabbage Lettuce is a good one for the purpose. COLEWORTS. — Plants raised from the earliest sowing will be large enough for planting, and a piece of land in good heart should be planted with them. Any piece of ground that is in fair condition will grow useful heads of these small Cabbages. In planting, draw shallow drills 15 inches apart, and set out the plants at 12 inches apart. CHOU DE BURGHLEY being a much-prized, deli- cately-flavourfed Cabbage, any plants which may still remain in the seed or nursery beds should be set out if space can be found for them. They are excellent for spring consumption. Land which has been cleared of a Potato crop will suit them without further pre- paration beyond a levelling of the surface, and drawing drills before planting, so as to facilitate tho watering of the plants now, and the earthing-up at a later date. This variety should be afforded more space than Coleworts, but those planted at this date will do well if put at 18 inches apart each way. GLOBE ARTICHOKES.— The formation of flower- heads having ceased for this year, the stems which have borne them should be removed by cutting them off close to the ground, together with some of the old leaves, the soil stirrel, and, faiUng heavy rains, one or two copious waterings should be afforded, aud liquid-manure also if it can be obtained in sufficient quantity. The object shouhl be to encourage new growth, which, later in the season, when they are sufficiently rooted, may be taken off for filling up vacancies in the older beds, or forming new beds. A few may also be potted and stood in a shady place, to be eventually removed to a cold frame. TURNIPS. — We have had sjme showers of rain, and adrantage has been taken of the softened state of the land to sow another good breadth with Turnip seed, and with further showers, the plants for this sowing will doubtless overtake in growth those from earlier sowings. Tnese last have suffered much from the Turnip-flea, and frequent dusting with soot and wood-ashes has been necessary. Seeds of the yellow- fleshed Turnip, All the Year Rouud.^hould again be sown, together with Red Globe and Snowball, which are three trusty autumn varieties. The advanta^ges of borders sheltered from the sun for growing Turnips. Spinach, &c., have been very apparent this season, and these kinds of vegetables are now in excellent order. CORN SALAD OR LAMB'S LETTUCE, where appreciated as saladiug, should now be sown in moderate quantity on a warm and somewhat dry border to stand through the winter, and aff'ord a supply of leaves in the spring. Sow the seeds thinly in drills 8 iuches apart, and thiu to 6 inches in the rows as soon as the seedlings are large enough to be handled easily. VARIOUS.— With favourable weather take advan- tage to push on with the planting-out of late Broc- colis. Savoys, Kales, &c. Celeriac, if plinted on fairly rich land, and afforded proper attention in the matter of watering and applying liquid-manure, will yet have time to make useful roots for winter consump- tion. Make another sowing of Endive, and thin-out and transplant as far as m ly be necessary those which are fit ; also sow a good breadth of Cabbage, and include in this sowing some of the red varieties. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By Jno. MoI^tvrk, Gardener, IVoodiide, Darlington. GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS having com- pleted their growth will be benetite 1 if turned out-of- doors for the next two months. Place them in an open position, but one that is shaded from bright sunshine. They require .abundance of water at the roots, and it should be rain-water, if possible. KALOSANTHES.— This is a showy old green- house plant, and of most use wheu grown in small pots. The plant is best cultivated when propagated annually. 'VV'hen the plants have finished flowering, prepare 3-inch pots filled with a light sandy compost, and insert five cuttings in each of them. Place them on a shelf near the glass, and give shade until they are rooted, which will take about four weeks. When well rooted shift them into 5 or 6-inch pots, and nice plants may be had in bloom during May and June. The present is a suitable time to propagate the plant. If large plants are wanted, they must be grown on from year to year, cutting the shoots which have bloomed hard back soon after flowering. Keep them rather dry until they break, and afterwards shake the plants from their pots, and repot into others of same size; after this, be careful in watering until fresh roots have been made. Give all the light possible, and plenty o£ ventilation. ERICAS in small pots may be put into open pits, where they should be plunged to the rim of the pots in sifted coal ashes ; this will keep the fine roots of these plants in a healthy condition. No plants suffer more if their pots are exposed to hot sun than do Ericas. It is not desirable or beneficial to pot Ericas oftener than once in two or three years ; and in the case of large specimens, they do not need to be .shifted oftener than once in four years ; but if a plant becomes unhealthy through any reason, it will require immediate attention, a remark that is equally applicable to all hard-wooded plants. The best time to repot Ericas is immediately they pass out of flower. The utmost pains should be taken to have all mate- rials thoroughly clean ; to use peat of a hard, gritty nature, adding to it one-third part of sharp silver- smd, and potting very firmly. Examine the roots thoroughly, remove all dead or decaying ones, but if they are fresh and healthy, disturb them as little as possible. When potted, apply water sparingly for some time until roots have pushed into tho new soil. Ericas should at all times bo supplied with rain-water, pond or river water, or that which has been exposed to the air for some days. BOUGAINVILLEAS, whether in full flower or only showing flower, ought no»v to be removed to a cool airy structure, where the atmosphere is dry. Healthy plauts may be greatly assisted by regular waterings with weak liquid natural manure, or a good fertiliser. August 8, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 161 DIPLADENIAS.— If these have been trained upon strings on the roof, as previously recommended, the latest of them should now be so advanced in growth that they may be removed to balloons and tliey will gradually assume a natural appearance. Much care is necessary in removing them fromlheroof to the balloon trellises ; and it is better that two persons should do the work. No plants repsy careful cultivation better th»n do Dipladenias. It is sometimes considered difficult to grow and flower them well, but if the wants of the plants are studied, they may be grown with success. Give the specimens a position near the glass in a temperature of 7;i° to 80 , until the flowers are fully developed, then the plants may be removed to an intermediate house where a tempera- ture of 60° is kept. Plants that have almost finished flowering should be gradually allowed to go to rest by ■withholding water from the roots by slow degrees. The propagation of Dipladenias may be effected now by taking cuttings from partially-matured shoots. Grow them on for three months, then ripen them off. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By W. Pope, Garikncr, Highckre Castle, Newbury. PEACHES. — Afiord late crops of Peaches in cool houses abundant supplies of water to the roots, more especially needful this season, it having been so unsually hot and dry. Attend to the thinning and regulating of the growths, bearing in mind that in the case of late fruiting Peach-trees the shoots should be less near to each other, and that all possible sun- light should be available for ripening and solidifying the buds and wood. Gross growing shoots shoxild be removed or stopped, as they will be unlikely to ripen satisfactorily. Look over daily any crops which are ripening, and remove those fruits which will part readily from the foot-stalk. If these be laid on wadding in a cool fruit room they will keep for some ilays in good condition. If plenty of air be admitted day and night it will greatly improve the quality of the fruit, but if birds find their way through the open ventilators, it will be necessary to h.ang a light net — such as is used for protecting Strawberry beds — over the openings until the fruits arc gathered. Less water is needed at this stage, though the roots must not sutler from lack of moisture in the soil. If sufficient water is allorded and mulchings given, whilst the fruits are swelling, there is usually suffi- cient moisture left in the soil to last over the ripen- ing period- See that trees which ^vere forced early are not neglected in the matter of water, and regular syringings or washings with the garden-engine are necessary, so that the foliage be kept clean and healthy as long as possible. Even should the leaves be commencing to fall off, as they are likely to do from trees started in December, the border should be kept moist. Should there be any red-spider about the trees, let them be syringed with a good insec- ticide ur a weak solution of soft toap. If the trees are growing weakly, the present time is a good one to remove the surface-soil carefully from above the roots, and apply a liberal top-dressing of fresh turfy loam to which a little crushed bone aud one-twentieth part of wood-ashes has been added. Any that are growing too vigorously and fruiting shyly should be lifted, and the roots relaid in fresh soil, watering well in either case as soon as the operation is completed. LATE VINES. — Continue to afford an .ample supply of water at the roots till the Grapes are well advanced in colour, for most late Grapes require a long season to thoroughly finish ; and their flavour and keeping qualities depend very much on the kind of treatment afforded during the period of ripening, as much as does also their colouring. If the atmosphere be close, they will not be likely to colour well, and they will be deficient in the firm flesh and sugary matter so essential to long keeping. Maintain, therefore, a free circulation of air constantly, afford artificial heat whenever the weather i-i dull and damp, .and so prevent any damp stagnant atmosphere. Look over the vines fr qnentlv, and remove all superfluous lateral growths, and see that no insects are allowed to gain a footing. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. H. WaiTE, Orchid Grower, EurforJ, Dorkini;. DENDROBIUMS. — Many of the deciduous species are about to complete their growth, which is shown by the terminal leaf at the extreojity of the bulb be- coming developed, and the quantity of water applied to 1 he roots should be gradually diminished ; but the hints mu=.t not be allowed to become tco dry, or they will receive a check which would cause them to finish up prematurely, and soon afterwards to start into growth. Where numbers of these plants are grown, it is advisable to frequently select those that are made up and place them altogether on a side of the house where more light and air can be ad- mitted, and there is less moisture. At this period the earlier-made roots are not only lengthening them- selves, but they are sending out a quantity of lateral rootlets, which should be encouraged as much as possible. As stated above, water must be afforded with discretion while these young roots are in pro- gress, and when they have a firm hold of the compost or the sides of the pot or basket, thejplants may be removed to a cooler and drier atmosphere. They are perfectly safe if put into a vinery from which the Gr,ipe5 have just been gathered, or an ordinary greenhouse, taking care to select positions free from draught, and where they will pass from moderate shade to clear sunshine. In such houses the plants quickly become hardened, the leaves soon turn yellow, but although unsightly, these should not on any account be cut otf, but left until they fall. Careful judgment should be exercised in watering the plants when at rest, aud especially when they (ire fully ex- posed to clear sunshine, .t-s oftentimes the sphagnum on the surface of the compost appears to be quite crisp and dry, while underneath it is not so. Where several plants of .any one species or hybrid are cul- tivated, it seldom happens that all of them are ready for removal at the same time, and it is necessary to maintain a hot, moist atmosphere for those that are growing, and to gradually expose them to more sun- light in the morning by pulling up tlic blinds before the usual time each afternoon. This gradual m.atura- tiou will make it more safe to expose the plants to full sunshine later on. The majority of the long pseudo-bulb section, .as D. fimbriatum, D. Dalhou- sieanum, D. dinanthum, D. moschatum, D. clavatum, D. calceolus, I). Paxtouii, D. bioculare, &c., are still growing freely, and will require every encouragement until growth is complete, when they too may with adv.antage be placed in a somewhat cooler tempera- ture. Some of the evergreen section, »s D. deu- siflorum, D. thyrsiflorum. D. suavissimuui, 1). chrysotoxum, H. Farmeri, D. Schrodeiri, D. Griffith- ianum. II. Guibertianum, aud D. sulcatum will have finished their growth ; but as these species continue to make roots for a considerable time after the growths are made, do not subject them to a lower temperature for the present ; but to prevent, if pos- sible, any secondary growths starting, the plants may be placed in a light position in the Cattleya or intermediate-house, affording suflScient water to m.ain- tain root-activity. Pl.ants in small pots of Dendro- bium Phalxnopsis that are thoroughly well rooted are now making strong vigorous growth, and requiring almost unlimited supplies of water at the root, with abundance of f.tmospheric moisture at closing time, and as much sun-heat as it is possible to aflbrd. D. superbum (macrophyllum), and its varieties Huttoni and Burkei, D. primulinum, D. anosmum, D. Parishii, D. Treacherianum, D. sanguineum, D. lituiflorum, D. cretaceiim, D. crepidatum, D. crys- tallinuni, D. Boxalli, kc, should at this time be in a hot stove like temperature, and have liberal treatment. D. infundibulum .and D.Jamesianumdo not require so much heat or sunshine as the evergreen or deciduous species, but they delight in copious waterings at the root now that growth is fairly started. The Odonto- glossiim-h ■ ^^ *. to oc i* ,- p J* y ■*■ .,-' ■I? t" -> — x ca'o •t^'ao 1j*.V -I w oc o; o *, o" *■ C» •£> lo cr. -I -jS — « cr. (-: ts 3 w c;oo;.''i-oo©Oi;'OtCiocCwCi = -v- -,— 'V- — *— — y— s > -! < to •ji ^ ■-' i— »0 Cfi J. -_■» r- -1 -1 cc CO ^ cito ti PS g'S'S ■«• -I w o C- -1 OMi i; w oc O O .« S--' ^ 2--^ to to t; Cl o *.C3C-. .^koooor- e E -.vj •^ OS w pt -7 *5 Cl *. CC to i" K& w ,— -a « -T3.-J^ — Cl "ce "o £ k §§£^§§32!^ •^^ «5 o; m -i O (6 to 00 -J to cioa woo*, too ES^ o ^ — ■*- O O MOCTdWOOOW "■^ c: 00 _'i„J^ o o ^'Ooocooooa* — _- s 00 00 CO OO cc OnOOEOOOOOOOOOM !? to to -O *£) V> tOCOCOOOOlQOOCOO p "^ C-1 rf>. w to — 0--SU>~JClCn>(-&9 H 9 ■0 > B o> «- o C Cl « UIUiaC7>Cl>C>.Ci03 H ^ *. o -J Cl o 4h JO O _p 4* _CO C* ^ H 'ta C) ■^ 'w CO '•-I -J » "o "co Cl OS V < Yt •o o oi to — o o ■<• -^ to to Ui cs e VI L'^t ^s O tOOOOC<9C>t-UlOO . CO <-) ■«. u *^ u w -^ to ro lo ^ CO CO 03 ro w f o to -I c« •X> ffl *. lO O — -I c» _JJ» '■P -T* .-» „=■- '» bO ^ lO M -.2 *0 c;i to b_ t£ tn '•S CO 'm "w r: "b "-- '-^ a '— '*. "x V " -^ a: o m CO 4- c«cj.ooocj>ri**-4 A id ■jD (.t ^ ii -J 00 f — «-■ t3 — H OW— XCCO^jW?" c *- © W -1 «-> ■ CI ~ 1.-1 •U O 00 liOOOC—'J^O*-'"^ SwANLEY Horticultural College. — Sir AViLLiAM Hart Dyke, M.P., presided at the annual distribution of prizes in connection with the Swanl^y Horticultural College on the 30th ult. In his open- ing address he remarked that the Institution was unique in our educational system, as being the only college where young men and women were instructed in practical as well as theoretical horticulture. It was instituted in the same year in whicli lie had the pleasure of passing the Technical Instruction Act. The governing body had laid down their educational lines in a common-sense and practical manner. He held the opinion, generally admitted now, that edu- cation wa-s of too bookish a nature. Books might lay a sound foundation for a commercial training, but practice was needed to equip students for the battle of life. Leading statesmen and politicians were now giving this subject earnest consideration. Foreign countries spared no pains to perfect their educational system. The Germans, especially, had long ago fore- seen the great struggle there would be. Their technical schools were admirably devised, and the students were taught how to produce an article which would be suitable for the marketsof the world and com- pete favourably in price and quality with the produc- tions of other countries. The question was seriously engaging the attention of our btatesmen, and such institutioDS as that College would do much to bring about the desired result. Lady Emily Hart Dyke then presented the prizes, and a vote of thanks to • her and Sir William Hart Dyke was heartily carried on the motion of Mr. A. J. ^VARI^'G, seconded by Miss Goodrich Feeebf. The East Anglian Horticultural Club on Thursday afternoon last journeyed to *' Tha ClySe, Cortou, Lowestoft, the picturesque marine residence of J. J. Colman, Esq., who had very kindly given the members permission to visit these charming grounds. The party numbering fifty left Norwick by the 1.42 train, and on reaching Lowestoft Station proceeded by brakes to Corton, where they were received by the Misses Colman, who, with the head gardener, Jlr. Read, conducted them over the grounds. Specially attractive were the numerous and beau- tiful specimens of Rosa rugosa, Escallonia macrantha, large flowering Privet, &c. ; also the fine collection of Carnations. The houses containing Bananas in fruit, and also Peach and Fig trees, occupied considerable attention ; Allamanda grandiflora is rarely seen tO' better advant\ge than at this establishment. Tea was served at '■ The Anchor Cafe," Corton, after which the party returned by brakes to ' ' lovely, lazy, Lowestoft." The arrangements were under the charge of the hon. secretary, Mr. W. Wilkes, and were satisfactorily carried out. " Plants AND Flowers about the Home." — This is a little manual intended for the instruction of amateurs. It is written by Mr. JajMES Graham, and may be had from Messrs. T. & J. W. Grabam, Wishaw. It deals with the cultivation of plants in rooms and window-boxes, in the simplest, most elementary fashion. The author, however, too often sacrifices accuracy in the names of plants. These are, doubtless, uncouth enough, but when misspelt they become worse than they need be. The use of the word Geranium for Pelargonium is an error that we fear will never be corrected — even the Pelargoniuo* Society could not eflVct that reform. Death from use of Dynamite.— Colone) Alfred Capel Ctre, of Badger Hall, Shifual, Salopi was killed on July 29 by the accidental explosion of dynamite while he was engaged in blasting the root* of trees in his park. Sandringham Horticultural Show.— The annual exhibition of the Sandringham Horticultuial Society was held on Wednesday, July 29, in the Park, and was attended by several thousand visitors. The show was visited by Prince and Princess- Charles, who were much interested in the various- exhibits, particularly some needlework by childreQ from the various schools in the district. The Farnham Royal and East Burnhaivp Horticultural Society held their annual exhi- bition in the beautiful grounds of Harry J. Veitch, Esq., East Burnham Park, on July 29. Flower Drawings.— Lady Augusta Llan- OVER bequeathed to the trustees of the British Museum, the cabinet and stand at Llanover, with teu large volumes containing the unique collection of plants and flowers from Nature by JIary Granville (Mrs. Delany), which it was the express wish of King George III. should be preserved in the Britisll Museum as a standard work of Art unparalleled for accuracy of drawing, form, and perrpective, as well aa for colouring and truth of outline, and close resem- blance to nature. She al.so directed that these volumes are to be placed with the collections of rare prints and drawings, and not with those of botanic specimens. On inquiry at the Museum we learn that no ofiicial intelligence has yet reached the authorities concerning these drawings. " ROS ROSARUM."— A second edition of this delightful work by " E. V. B. " has lately been issued by Elliot Stock, 02, Paternoster Row. The work consists of quotations from writers of all nations and all times relating to the Rose. References of this kind are often terribly worn and hackneyed — at \ Algcbt 8, 1886.] THE GABDENEIiS' CHEONICLE. 165 ["(east, the/ are so to those who have to read many 'Ooks and much writing about Roses ; but here is a ure source, full of the most tielightful aud the most ,ppo8ite thoughts relating to the Rose, and to the verage reader the majority uf them will be new. The book is quaint in appearance, but paper and print are excellent. Vte cannot say so much for ;he illustrations. Presentation to Mr. Geo. Schneider.— (l short time ago the French Government announced ts intention of conferring the Cross of the Order of the Merite Agricole upon Mr. G. Schneider, the Presi- ient of the Freucii Horticultural Society of London. Thereupon the committee of the Society in Paris ipened a subscription-list, with the object of raising i fund to celebrate Mr. ScnxElDEB's appointment, ind to present him with a testimonial in recognition if bis labours in promoting good-feeling amongst the lorticulturists of this country and those on the Con- inent. On Wednesday week the presentation was nade at a banquet specially convened in Mr. Icbneideb's honour. It was held at the Restaurant Ledoyen, Champs Elys^es, Paris, M. H. Martinet of Le Jardin being in the chair. About thirty mem- bers and friends of the Society were present, some of whom had travelled long distances. The company Deluded Mr, Foukouba, Director of the Imperial Qardens, Tokio, Japan ; MM. Ddval, Sallier, ranFFADT FiLs, Fatzer, &c. In the course of the Chairman's address he pointed out the great services Mr. Schneider had rendered to his country as a patriot, as a horticulturist, and as President of the French Horticultural Society, and on behalf of the subscribers to the fund was pleased to hand to Mr. Schneider the Cross of the Merite Agricole set in diamonds, an Art bronze representing a 17S9 volun- teer, and a handsome address, bearing upon it the names of all the subscribers. Mr. Schneider re- sponded, aud was most enthusiastically applauded. Letters and telegrams were read from many English and French frieuds who were prevented from attend- ng. Wo are sure that many of our readers, but especially those who are personally acquainted with the genial President of the French Horticultural Society of London, will join with us in oflfering him our congratulations. Horticultural Club.— The annual excursion took place on the 30th ult., and was probably the most successful one that the Club has ever had. A courteous invitation had been conveyed to the members through Mr. Harrt J. Veitch to visit Ascott, the seat of Mr. Leopold de RiixascHiLD, and Halton, the seat of Mr. Alfred de Rothschild. The party, which numbered forty-four, included the following members and their friends : — Messrs. Herbst, G. Monro, T. F. Rivers, P. Kay, The Rev. W. Wilks, Messrs. Selfe-Leonard, P. Crowley, A. H. Pearson, C. E. Pearson, H. J. Pearson, J. Sweet, J. Rochford, E. Mawley, G. Bunyard, A. Watkins, AV. J. Grant, G. Paul, J. Laing, J. E. Cockett, H. Turner, H. J. Veitch, and J. H. Veitch. The party were first conveyed from Bletchley Station to Ascott, where, having inspected the grounds, they partook of luncheon in the cricket pavilion, to which they had been invited by Mt.Leopold de Rothschild ; they then drove across Buckinghamshire to Halton, the seat of Mr. Alfred DE Rothschild, the beautiful grounds of which were much enjoyed, and after partaking of refreshment the whole party returned to town. The weather was perfect, and owing to the excellent arrangements made by Mr. Harry J. Veitch, who kindly undertook all the trouble, and to the liberal hospitality of the owners of Ascott and Halton, e%-erything was of the most agreeable character, so that everyone returned to town delighted with their excursion. Royal Botanical Society.— At the Annual Meeting to be held on Monday next, the 10th iust., a resolution will be submitted in favour of inviting the existing horticultural and floricultural societies to hold their exhibitions in the Regent's Park Gardens, atid of electing, on the Council, representatives of the leading societies. A motion will also be brought forward recommendin» fthe society to give, next season, musical promenades to be open to the public on Mondays, Wednesdays, and .Saturdays, the charge for admission being fixed at 2s. >yd.. Is., and 6rf. , respectively. The meeting will be held in the society's gardens on Monday next, at 1 p m. J. S. Eahiiisteln, Hon. Auditor, R. B. .S'., 56, ^Vesl Crurn- well Rjad, S.W. Au'just btk, 1890. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. DOl'BLE-FLOWERED PHAIL'S GRANDI- FOLIUS. I AM led to make a few remarks upon this superb species, in order to draw attention to a form now (October) blooming in the bush-hou-se at BowenPark. Mr. W. Soutter tells me that he found the plant on Stradbroke Island some years ago, at which time it was bearing what are termed double flowers. These abnormal growths occur less frequently in Orchideous genera than in genera of other orders [.'Ed.] ; and while this malformation gives a fulness to the blooms, it cannot be said to add to the beauty of the flowers so distorted. This Orchid is recorded in European works as producing similar flowers in other countries ; but I cannot find any notice of its being peculiar to certain individual [plants, as has been proved by Mr. Soutter, who now has the plant he first found bearing, amougst blooms of the normal form, several of the so-called double flowers. These are of the same colouring as the normal form, and the segments are of the usual form and size. The change takes place iu the wings of the column ; these are greatly enlarged, and overlap each other on the face of the labellum, and end in a kind of spur at the base. The outer margin is vei-y wavy, and thus resembles the labellum, and the resemblance is the more obvious as the colouring is the same. The attachment of these abnormal wings seems to be somewhat irregular ; in the flower I dis.sected, on the one side the wing was attached only for about half the length of the column, the other was attached from the bottom to the top of the column. The column, like that of the yellow- flowering variety (Phaius grandifolius, var. Bernaysii), shows a tendency to become triandrous. The lesson we learn from Mr. Soulier's plant is, that these malformations are, as regards plants of Piiaius, persistent, and may be perpetuated, and the number of plants increased in the usual way if con- sidered desirable. F. il. Baileij, in " Contributiuns to the Qacemland Flora, Botany Bulletin!' xiii., 1896. The Relative Value of sosie varieties of Odoxtoglossum CRISrUM. The Journal des Orchidt'es for July 1 contains further notes on the value of genuine Odontoglossum crispum, and of its possible extermination in certain localities. We read that : — " One of our collectors, lately returned from Pacho, and to whom the article in the Gardeners' Chronicle was read (see p. 67-4 in tl:e last volume), agreed with every statement there made as being absolutely correct. He himself had often seen despatch to England enormous quantities of Odontoglossums, the crates containing which had been passed through Pacho only that they might there be stamped. He added that the famous moun- tainous region about Pacho is being cleared with extraordinary rapidity, to make room for plantations of Cotfee and Tobacco. It seems that the Tobacco is remarkable iu quality, aud that the cigars quite surpass the best from Havana. There are localities which are especially famous. Formerly Odontoglossums brought the region into repute : they are disappearing in smoke, being replaced by Pacho cigars. Oue of the mo.?t astonishing things to my father, who it is known discovered 0. crispum, is the great number of these plants which have been imported. '" I could never have believed,** he has often told me, " that there were so many there." Everything comes to an end. I believe to-day that there is more 0. crispum, of the finer varieties be it understood, iu Europe than iu America. I advise those who possess it to giiard it carefully. I believe that in two years there will be no more to import. Another Orchid becoming extremely rare is the true Cattleya aurea from the Antioquia district, which must not be confused with C. Dowiana from Costa Rica. The plants are much alike, but whereas the true Cattleya aurea is slow in growing, it may live long. I know of a plant dating from our fir^t impor- tation in 1S73. Cattleya Dowiana thrives easily, t eu, exhausted with its first growths, fades away, aud in Europe gener<.IIy sustains only an ephemeral existence of two or three years. It is very interesting to notice with what difficulty Orchids from certain regions are acclimatised in Europe. Almost all from Costa Rica and neighbour- ing countries, Mexico espeeuiUy, show this. The only exceptions are for such among them as Lycaste .Skinneri, Liolia anceps aud superbiens. There must be some reason for this : I think I have discovered it, and will refer to it another time.'' L. L., Journal d« Orchidees, Jultj 1, 1896. Cattleya Eldorado alba. In E. J. Sidebottom, Esq's Jchoice collection of Orchids at Erlsdene, Bowdon (Mr. G. Shine, gr.), is to be seen the finest and largest-flowered variety of the Wallisii section of Eldorado that I have met with. It is out of an importation, and the plants of which there are several, are doing admirably. The one in question has larger, and more coriaceous leaves than the normal form, and from one sheath have sprung three extra fine flowers, which stand well above the foliage. and like all albino Cattleyas, arrest attention. The sepals and petals are of the normal form, but large, and white as snow, beggaring by comparison the French white Cattleya Rex. The lip is in proportion to the sepals, roundly ovate, with the centre having a large solid bloteli of lemon-yellow, as in a good Cattleya Mossire Wagneri. There is a broad margin of white surrounding the lemon-yellow patch, with a rosy stripe hidden under the column — altogether an unique flower of great substance. J. A. Home Correspondence. AN OLD cherry-tree.— While walking through Admiral Parkin's garden at Lyminster, near Arundel, Sussex) with his head-gardener, my attention was directed to a fine specimen of the Morello Cheiry, which had a magnificent crop of the fruit, but on examining the trunk I was surprised to find that the woody portion was all gone and only the bark left, which, with the slightest pressure, broke through, it being very brittle. We examined it minutely and found that there was no signs of any sap-wood left. Francis Frew. [The living portion of all trees is that just within the outer bark, so that there is little unusual in the case mentioned. Ed.] strawberry beds. — Notwithstanding the severe drought. Strawberries, generally speaking, were very good in this district (Maidstone). At Mereworth gardens the fruits were very fine in size, colour, and firmness of flesh, particularly Sir C. Napier. Laxton's Noble was the first that was fit to gather outside, and as an early variety, I find it very useful, the flavour being passable in dry weather. I layer tliis variety early, and plant a few hundreds on a snug border for aflording some dishes at an early part of the season, and following the pot-grown plants, and for this purpose Noble is not to be despised. If dry weather should continue. Strawberry beds will still require attention, or failures will be heard of next year. If not already done, the runners, old fruit stalks, and some of the lower leaves ^ould be removed, after- wards slightly prickmg up the soil, and affording a heavy mulch of rich, decayed manure, especially if the land be light, finishing with a copious watering. To fruit well next year, crowns should develop early and strong, and be "matured by the end of September. B. Markham, ilerewortk Castle, Maidstone. GARDEN FETE AT REVESBY ABBEY, BOSTON.— This, the beautiful home of the Hon. Mrs. Edw. Stanhope, on Wednesday and Thursday, July 22nd aud 23rd inst., presented an animated scene. Having many applications from all parts of the country to view the abbey and grounds, Sic, Mrs. Stanhope thought 166 THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE. [August 8, 1896. that by opening the park gardens at a small charge she would be conferring pleasure on the public and at the same time assistiug the neighbouring parish of Stickney, whose rector (Rev. G. H. Hales), has been making efforts for some years to have the church tower rebuilt. This Stickney parish church is a beautiful edifice, dating from the lour- teenth, or beginning of the fifteenth, century. So to help on this good work, Mrs. Stanhope, assisted by her tenants and emploi/es, worked with a will to make the /c';e a success, with the result that the two days' t-xkings amounted to nearly £30, a very good sum, considering that we live in such a quiet part of the country, and at a considerable distance from any town or railway station. It is to be hoped, now the gardens have been used in this way, that we may have an annual file day for the good of some ehantable object, and among the first we hope to help some of those which are intended for the benefit of gardeners. We may say for the information of those who may be inclined to open their grounds to the public, but are deterred by the fear of having their trees, shrubs, and plants injured, that during the two days of our fete we had not a single twig o? anything in any way damaged. /. A. RED-SPIDER AND XL-ALL VAPORISER. — Laiit year I resolved to use the XL-All vaporiser on some frames of Princess of Wales Violets, containing 160 cubic feet of space, very badly infested with red- spider, and I started with the prescribed quantity, fumigating the frames ten nights in succession, and affording a stronger dose each night ; the last night I had both small cups full of the liquid. It did no harm to the growth of the plants, and only checked the red-spider, not killing it. On Vines, the action of the fumes should be much more effective than m Violets in frames, but I have been unable to make the trial. This year I am using Vermorel's Eclair Knapsack Spraying Pump, using XL- All Liquid Insecticide with good results on Rose-bushes infested with green-fly and caterpillars ; and of double strength for red-spider on Violets out-of-doors, but I am unable as yet to speak of its effect on the latter. Like your correspondent in a recent issue of the Oardentrs ChroHielc, I am a firm believer in the efficacy of the XL- All Vaporiser, and find it to be one-half cheaper than some other insecticides, and as easily applied Ji. Dunlop, Trahbuch, Ai/rishire, N.B. HYBRID TEA ROSES.-In the issue of the Gard. Chroii. for July 25, in the third sentence, "more" iS printed by mistake instead of "most ; ' while the fourth paragraph should read as follows, where the error which it embodies (for whicli I may possibly be responsible) has been corrected for the benefit of my readers :— " Sometimes the law of variation is in favour of a Ptose. Souvenir d'un Ami, for example 18 surpassed by Souvenir de S. A. Prince, though the former is one of the finest of the older Teas ; and in the adjoining department of hybrid Tea Roses, White Lady similarly eclipses, unless indeed in fulness, her august parent, Lady Mary FitzwiUiam." Last year an almost pure white variation from an Irish Tea Rose, Mrs. James Wilson, originated in my garden 1 have named this beautiful new variety Marguerite to commemorate the heroines of Goethe, Gounod', and Matthew Arnold. David R. WiUianwon. RED PANSIES.-If the bright red fancy Pansies Messrs. Dobbie & Co., of Rothesay .and Orpington, have selected, and out of which they think they have secured a valuable bedding variety, prove of good and durable constitution, persistent in blooming, and do not seed too freely, then they are Ukely to become lormidable rivals to the Violas for bedding purposes as the colour is bright, and highly attractive. It is very much a question of persistency and non-seeding When a plant begins to bear seed somewhat freelv it IS always at the expense of blossom production The capacity on the part of the fancy Pansy for standing heat and drought has been demonstrated in several places this season, and consfiicuously on the prome- nade at Eastbourne. On one of the hottest and driest days of the present year (about the middle of June) these Pansies were delightful, and showed no sign of givmg out. Many of the Violas prove very per- sistent, largely because they produce but few seed- pods ; and there are a few varieties which go down quickly before heat and drought. R. I). EARLY PEARS.— Some writers in the gardening press are raising the cry that more varieties of summer Pears are demanded by the public. I should say that this is simply nonsense. The consumer may want more Pears on the market and in the garden but not better ones than we have already. A summer Pear is like a summer Strawberry, a fruit for the season, not for storing or keeping. And we are not so very fastidious, after all, about high flavour, but we do like juiciness, sweetness, tenderness of flesh, and good appearance, and these very desirable points are present in all or most of our common early Pears. In addition to those named in a previous note, I might name Bon Chretien, Clapp's Favourite. Souvenir du Congres, and others of Mr. Rivers' raising. Beiirre Hardy. EARLY PEACHES.— On the Last day of June we commenced gathering ripe fruits of the Alexander Peach from a large tree on a south-west wall, and close to two ranges of hothouses, fruits of Waterioo being ripe a few days later on a tree a few yards dis- tant on the same aspect. Excellent fruits have been gathered three times a week for the London house from trees of Alexander on south and south-east walls, Amsden June on a south wall, and Hale's Eariy (on a south-east wall). This supply of ripe Peaches that are of fine flavour, highly coloured and of good size, can be secured throughout the month of July, during a summer like the present, and by planting Craw- ford's Eariy, Dr. Hogg, Early Grosse Miguonne, Uymond, Crimson Galande, Noblesse, Royal George. Violette Hative, Walburton Admirable, and Sea Eagle, ,;:the lattei yielding a fine crop, fruits may be obtained well into the month of October, that IS as late as Peaches from outdoors are good eating. If several houses were planted with trees of Alex- ander, Wiiterloo, Amsden June, and Hale's Early, no difficulty would be experienced under skilful manage- ment in maintaining a good supply of Peaches from the beginning or middle of April on to the middle or end of October. Trees of Eariy Rivers and Lord Napier Nectarines planted each in a house by itself or together, would furnish e.arly fruits, the latter suc- ceeding the former, which is, l" consider, the earliest and the best and handsomest Nectarine in cultiva- tion. //. W. Ward, Longford Castle, Salisbury. PRUNUS PISSARDI.— We have a large hedge of this purple Plum, which is bearing a crop of Plums ripe now (July 27), and the fruit is only moderately good in flavour, but for cooking it is good ; moreover, it is much the earliest we have. We are 600 feet above sea-level, and 6 miles west of Birmingham, not therefore in an early locality. In the blooming season the hedge was quite a mass of white blossom, and the young shoots of a red colour ju.*t peeping out of the mass, gave life to it, and made it a veritable fairy scene. I know of no fruit tree to equal in beauty this Pium when in bloom. The hedge is about 18 feet high, and it has never flowered so pro- fusely as this year. When one considers the value of the foliage for decorative work, its beauty among shrubs, its adaptability to shearing or pruning, and lastly its economic usefulness in exposed situa- tions, the plant is a most desirable one to the nur- seryman, gardener, or amateur. J. Pnpi:. PHLOXES AND THE DROUGHT.— Few plants show the effects of the drought sooner than shrabby Phloxes when the soil gets dry. They are just now in flower, and as they are valuable decorative agents in the flower garden, some effort should be made to heighten and prolong their beauty while the dry weather lasts. Mr. E. Beckett has lines of them in his mixed borders at Aldenham House, and he has taken the precaution of mulching them with strong manure, and well waters the plants also ; con- sequently, despite the dry atmosphere, they are pro- ducing fine heads of bloom. Anything in the way of a mulch would be helpful, but there is nothing like some good moist manure. R. l>. SPRING-FLOWERING VIOLAS AND PANSIES.— There is urgent need of a group of Violas which will bloom with the Aubrietia and Primrose. Bulbs are not so largely employed for the decoration of the flower-garden in the spring, and especially so in our London parks ; and good early blooming carpet- plants are greatly needed. The Viola, when as a dwarf, compact, somewh.-it creeping, free-branching habit, is well adapted for this work, but it needs to be early- flowering also. Probably our earliest Viola to flower in spring is the yellow Bullion, and it may be taken as a type of what is required, but it needs addmg to of such as white, lavender, blue, rose, crim- son, &c., with any combinations of colours which can be made effective. If anyone would set themselves to work to develop a race of early spring- flowering Violas, they would be doing good service to gar- deners. What is required is, that they be well in bloom by the time the bulbs are in flower, and then take up the floral succession until the time for plant- ing the summer occupants come round ; they would also be useful for forming beds by themselves. Violas will move .at almost any season of the year, and they can be taken up with the bulbs, and planted out in a nursery-bed : and if the young side-growths, which had put forth roots, were taken off and planted out in prepared ground, to grow into sizes, they would be found highly service- able for carpet-work, being planted out in October with the bulbs. The plants should not be allowed to flower during the summer, but encourajed to make a tufted growth of flowering shoots. Cuttings rooted in April and May, if planted out in the same manner, and similarly treated, would be equally usefuL Hardihood, and a capacity to stand rough winters, are needed, and a close, compact growth would not lend much obstruction to the country winds, which frequently snap off the shoots of varieties of more spreading growth. But precocity in flowering is, of all things, most essential, and should be encouraged in every possible way. An autumn and winter trial of Violas would be found instructive, as showing the eai-liest to bloom of tliose in cultivation. The plants should be planted where they are to flower not later than October, should be allowed a deep root-run in good soil, and be planted firmly in it. R. D. A HORTICULTURAL TOUR. I HAVE lately visited Metz, Nancy, and Luxem- bourg, and taken some notes at these various places which may be thought of interest. The Botanic Garden of Metz is at Montigny. and under the directorship of M. Varmont, who also has charge of the plantations in the town. These .all give evidence of his ability and skill. At Plantieres, near Metz, the brothers Simon-Louis have large excellently-managed nurseries, under the care of M. Jouin and his two sons, and M. Martin. I noted here a Populus Eugenei planted in 1S34, the birth-year of M. L^on Simon, the present pro- prietor ; Halimodendron (Caragana) in bloom ; grafted Oaks, Quercus pediinculata filicifolia, foliis argenteo- marginatis, and foliis atro-purpureis. Spiraea l^vi-' - gata much resembles a Bupleurum. witli flowers in panicles at the tip of the branches. I admired the fine foliage of Rhamnus Friingiila var. asplenifolia. J lutescens, pulverulentum, ^ Acer circinatum vars, platanoides, cucuUatum, laciniatum, and Reiten bachii, Pseudo-platanus foliis atro-purpureis, and Simon-Louis Frferes (with variegated leaves), and Woorlei were beautiful. Genista sibirica flore pleno is a dwarf shrub, with abundant yellow flowers in clusters. I saw also numerous seedling Tulip-trees ; Calo- phaca Wolgarica, a small shrub, with trailing branches- covered with clusters of yellow flowera ; Betula pendula nana ; Caragana Gerardiana, with yellow blooms, and C. jubata, with white blossoms." Car- riere's original Clematis nana was flowering here ; the curious Prunus tomentosa ; Staphylea hybrida colum- bieri(?), flowering on the young wood; Lespedeza bicolor, a pretty hardy shrub, with rosy and red flowers ; Potentilla davurica, white flowered ; Ribes- alpiuum, yellow ; R. nigrum foliis argenteo-variegatis, with leaves variegated with white ; and R. nigrum foliis aureis, with yellow leaves. Other plants were Chama;cerasus(Lonicera) Alberti; altaica, Ledebourii, uummulariifolia, Stsmdishii, and tatarica ; Diervilla canadensis and splendens ; Sarothamnus scoparius fol. var. ; Nuttallia cerasiformis, Prunus californica, with hermaphrodite flowers and numerous fruits ; masses of Tilia euchlora ; Acer platanoides Reiten- bachii, with leaves green above and purple below : A. dasycarpum lutescens, pulverulentum, platanoides cucuUatum, laciniata, Reichsgraf von Piickler, Pseudo-platanus foliis atro-purpureis, Simon-Louis Freres, with spotted leaves ; Ulmus vegeta, Fraxinus alba, foliis .argenteo - maiginatis, aucubjefolia nova, excelsior aurea. excelsior simplicifolia, juglandifolia, mandschurica, nova" angliac, sambucifolia crispa, serratifolia, and Veltheimi. M. Simon's nursery is divided into two parts by the road from Metz to Strasbourg. In the second division I noted Cliestnuts, purple Beeches, Ameri- AnousT 8, 1896.] THE GAB DENE J? S' CHBONICLE. 167 can Onks, Ulruus campestris umbraculifera, and the well-known U. campestris Berardi ; a good collection of Salix. including S. cerisia pendula (?) : ^Eaculus pyi-amidalis, and Italian Poplars. There were aUo choice representatives of many other species, which space will not permit me to enumerate. When at Luxembourg. I visited the very large grounds occupied by MM. Soupert and Notting. Standard Roses are here a special feature, i nd much good work is done in the houses, which are numerous and extensive. At Limpertsberg attention is given which is not burdensome, but attended with much pleasure, interest, and satisfaction. In the third place, you know we hear from time to time, and we hear too truly, that while the populations of our towns increase rapidly with our general trade and industry, the population of the country — that is to say, of the rural districts — does rapidly, and in some parts of the country tend to diminish. Well, I am greatly opposed to artificial interference by law with the natural course of things, and I believe it is a good general rule to allow each person to judge for himself wh it their pursuits should be, and whether he shall li'iht and the air God as given us, just in the way He gave them. It will be all the better for this country the more we can maintain and increase the rural population of the land." MANCHESTER ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN NOTES. The Victoria REaii has done uncommonly this season in the tank in which it is growing — far too limited in size to give a chance to the enormous FiJ. 31.— UiWARDEN C43TLE, FLLSTSUIBE, THE .SEAT OF THE BIGHT HO.V. W. E. QLiDSTO.VE. to the cultivation of new varieties grafted, and to those which do not thrive in the open air, being not hardy, but valuable for their colouring and beauty. Mention should also be made of Roses, here exten- sively cultivated, and including varieties notable for beauty, strength, and novelty. Ch. Di Bosschere. HAWARDEN FLOWER SHOW. On the occasion of this show, held in the park at Hawarden, near Chester (see tig. 31), on Bank Holi- d,ay, Mr. Gladstone made some remarks on the utility of flower shows, from which we extract the following : ~ I," It is a good thing for us that such institutions should subsist. In the first place they bring us altogether upon a common and friendly footing : in the second place, such institutions are an encourage- ment to industry, and to a description of industry follow them. At the same time, I earnestly desire the maintenance and increase of the rural population of this country, and I rejoice in all pursuits that tend towards that increase. Evidently these pursuits tend to mainteiin and increase the lural population of the country. I have read, even in the course of the last year, a very interesting wort showing how many things there are that can be advantageously done in the country, and I rejoice in the extensive discoveries of the kind ; for, after all, while we are delighted to think how many advantages the inhabitants of towns enjoy now that they did not enjoy in former time?, through the action of railways and from other causes, yet it is a blessed thing to live in the eye of Nature and in the clear light of day. I have been a towns- mm most of my hfe, but I am a rural man — one of the countryfolk— now, and it is a great enjoyment to be free from the foul rivers and the masses of smoke and the darkness that overhang many of our great towns, and to enjoy the scenery that ia around u', the circular tray-like leave?, which are deeper in the rims than we ever recollect to have seen them. It began flowering on June 11, and has kept up a continuation since. It is really a noble botanic garden plant, and has for its associate the large and beautiful Nymphaea devoniana, with two of its pink- cupped flowers expanding at once. The house is kept open, and the visitor has not "to do " the sweltering climate which the Royal Lily is invariably sub- jected to. Alpinia nutans. This fine ornamental flowering plant is grown in one of the intermediate-houses, and to some purpose. Its great spikes tower up above the foliage to about 7 feet from the pot, and it has yielded twelve of those spikes during the season. It was figured in the Garde"eri' Chronicle some months ago. 168 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 8, 1898. Vanda suavis. There is a fine lot of this sweet-scented Orchid in flower, some of the spikes having fourteen flowers, and scenting the atmosphere around. One named V. suavis Ainsworthii is remarliable for its yellowish ground, with a profusion of sienna spots, having more the outline of V. tricolor insignis, but makes a charming comparison to the white ground and multitudinously- spotted suavis. Thej are growing much cooler than usual, and the change has operated immensely in their favour. H^MANTHnS magnificds. This is the largest and best of the Hsemanthus with which we are acquainted, forming an umbel about a foot across, and more brilliant in its crowd of stamens than any of the puniceus order. It was imported direct from South Africa, and is a valuable decorative bulbous plant. /. A . PEACHES AS OUT-DOOR STANDAEDS. Not so many years ago it was the opinion of many persons that out-door Peach culture, even against south walls, could not be successfully practised in this country, except in a few highly-favoured locali- ties in the extreme south. This idea was no doubt partly due to a cycle of somewhat cold and wet sum- mers, and to the fact that cheap glasshouses had been responsible for their extended cultivation under glass. Nevertheless, in many gardens during this period of time, Peaches were cultivated outside very success- fully, one notable instance being at Ditton Park, near Slough, where for many years, under the late Mr. Lindsay's management, the cultivation of out- door Peaches had been, for the least a quarter of a century, most successfully practised. This was in the valley of the Thames, where theatmoephere is unusually moist.* My object, however, in penning this note is to advocate the planting of Peaches and Nectarines as standiird trees in the open air, as I firmly believe that success is quite certain in all midland and southern counties of England. Since the introduction of the early ripening American Peaches, of which Alexander and Waterloo are notable examples, Peach-growing has been, so to speak, revolutionized, as both the varieties mentioned, ripen at least six weeks before Royal George, an old standard variety, at one time con- sidered an early Peach, this was before the advent of Mr. Rivers' Early Louise and some others that never seemed quite hardy enough for general cultivation outdoors. During the past few weeks visitors to the Royal Nursery, Slough, might have seen numbers of standard Peach trees in the open ground of the nursery adjoining the Great Western Railway loaded with ripe fruits. On a tree of moderate size I counted over three dozen, and from the various trees consisting chiefly of Alexander, Waterloo and Hale's Early, some hundreds had previously been gathered, well - coloured, juicy, and good- flavoured fruits, such as would find a ready sale, and form no mean addition to the dessert. Gathering commenced from these standard trees, Mr. Turner informed me, about the middle of .luly, and when I saw them on the 23rd, many of the trees were cleared of fruits ; a chance one taken as an average for size measured just upon 8 inches in circumference, and this in a diy season and without any artificial water- ing or mulching whatever. This is not an excep- tional year at Slough, as fruits have been gathered from these trees for the past three years at the least, and if in a good year as regards summer temperature, standard Peaches will ripen in July, surely in any ordinary summer they may be relied upon to ripen in August or September. Another point which may be in favour of these American Peaches is their somewhat backwardness in flowering. Taking Royal George as a standard, they are about ten days later when grown together than this variety in coming into bloom ; but between the setting and ripening they make a clear gain of about six weeks. A great part of the covering-up afforded to Peach- * This Peach-wall was £{^urediD tbe Gardtntn' Chronicle^ December 1, 188;!, p. CSS. trees on walls during flowering-time is useless, and in some instances I think it does more harm than good. Standard Peach-trees might also be utilised for planting in the pleasure-gi-ound and shrubbery borders, where the soil is fairly good and retentive, being very ornamental while in bloom, the large flowering varieties equalling in this respect the Almond, and they would form a succession to these. A tree standing in a shrubbery, and carrying a good crop of highly-coloured fruits, would certainly be both ornamental and useful. A start may be made in planting, without incurring much expense, as maidens, dwarfs and standards may be purchased at a small cost, and these in a year or two form good heads. As for cultural details, little would be required beyond some disbudding, and getting the tree into shape during the earlier years of growth, and afterwards keeping the branches sufiiciently open and thin, to admit sun and air. Of varieties, AVaterloo, Alexander, and Hale's Early may bo relied upon to perfect fruits grown in this way in an ordinary season ; while Dymond and Crimson Galaude, and Lord Napier Nectarine, may be given a trial as a means of forming a succession. C. II. SOCIETIES. Holland. THE STATE HORTICULTURAL SCHOOL. Mr. Ple.mper van Balen, Curator of the Univer- sity Botanic Garden at Amsterdam, and Mr. A. C. Ide, Director of the Fredericksoord Horticultural School, have been appointed teachers at the new State Horti- cultural School at Wageningen, under the direction of Dr. Cattle. Theii" successors are not yet nominated. University Botanic Gardens. In consequence of the resignation of Professor Oudemans and of Professor Rauwenhoflf, there will be a few changes iu the management of the Dutch Botanic Gardens, which henceforward will be conducted as follows :^ Amsterdam. — Director, Professor Hugo de Vries. Leiden. — Director, Professor Suringar ; Curator, H. Witte. 6'ran(rtytn.— Director, Professor Moll; Curator, A. Fiet. Utrecht. — Director, Professor Went ; Curator, J. K. Eudde. " Florilegium harlemense." The first fascicle of ihis standard work now being ready, a few notes on it may be welcome. Reference to the publication has already been made in the Gardeners' Vhronale. The plates, which exclusively represent bulbous plants from the Haarlem nurseries, were selected by the growers themselves byja majority of votes, the voters being members of the Royal Bulb Cultivation Society of Haarlem. The results of this phbuicile have been recently published in this paper. The first fascicle contains coloured plates and descrip- tions of Hyacinth La Grandesse (single white), single early Tulips Keizerskroon, Pottebakker, white Pro- serfiine and Vermilion Brilliant, and single trumpet Daffodils maximus, .lohn Horsfield, and Silver-ti-umpet. The plates are accurately drawn and painted in water- colours, and well reproduced by Mr. GoS'art (suc- cessor to Mr. Severeyns) of Brussels. The descrip- tions are in Dutch, English, German, and French, and the history of each variety is given as far as is possible. Many oftheDutchbulbsare very old, and unfortunately little is known about their origin and earliest history. The notes given on Narcissus maximus and the Silver- trumpet (Moschatus albicans), are very interesting and complete. The plates give a good idea of the varieties figured, especially of the Hyacinth and Daffodils. These are shown at their best, without the least exaggeration. Correspondent. ROYAL HORTICXTLTTJBAL. Scientific Committee. July 2S.— Present : Dr. M. T. Masters (in the Chair). Pri.nula with Myxoyastres. — The following report was re- ceived from Kew with reference to the specimen exhibited at the last meeting : — " The organism is one of the Myxogastres (Physamm gyrosnm, Ro.^t). It is not a parasite, and -will do- ne injury unless it occurs in immense quantity, ivhen it might be washed away by spreading. The early or Plasmo- dium condition developes in darkness, and finally creeps up anything, organic or inorganic, for the purpose of forming it& spores in a position where they may be readily diffused at maturity by wind and rain." Pdaraoniums Treated with Sails. — Notes were compared as to the conditions of the three sets of white Pel.irgoniums under experiment. Mr. Henslow said that iu his case .ill the plants treated with the salts, though perfectly vigorous, had failed up to the present time to develop any flowers, the trusses perishing when about half an inch long, but that they were now beginning to form well. On the other h.liid. the two plants not treated with salts had flowered well the whole time. Mr. Wilks and Dr. Russell, both alike, had all'the plants flowering ; but up to the present time there had beea no offset upon the blossoms. Deodar tcith Copies. — Mr. Henslow recorded the somewhat unusual fact that one tree out of four, planted about forty- years ago in his garden at Drayton House, Ealing, had sis cones upon it at the present time. Tohiotof, Diseased.— 'Mr. Hillier, of Bariton, near Petersfield, forwarded some Tomatos which failed to colour properly at the b-ase. They were forwarded to Kew for examination, whence the following report has been received : — " Tbe fruit has ripened unevenly, due probably to a disturbance in some part of the plant, presumably the root, which, however, is not forthcoming for examination." Orafes, StigJited. — Mr. Messenger, of 'Woolverstone Gardens, Ipswich, sent a bunch showing some affection to the stalk and leaves. It w.as sent to Chiswick for investigation. " Knowledge." — The August number contains, among other articles, papers on Hygroscopic seeds, and the Lime-tree, in which the prmcipal facts are set forth simply and clearly. The article on Seals makes one .sbuddei'. The anti-vivisectionists would do well to turn their attention to the wholesale atrocities perpetrated by the setJers. CHESTERFIELD FLORAL AND HOR- TICULTURAL. JrLV 29. — Athli.ated with the N.-itional Rose Society, .md run in connection with the Tf chnical Education Committee- of the Chesterfield Town Council, which authority practically makes all the arrangements, this show is becoming one of the most importint in the Peak district of Derbyshire, not- withstanding the eminence obtained by Clay Cross and Tibshelf before it was instituted. The exhibition on Wednesd.ay in the pretty Queen's Park, which is at .all times a credit to the florists of the metropolis of the Derby- shire coal-field for the mass of bloom and foh.age banking the many walks, was a highly creditable one, no fewer than three large marquees being required for the exhibits, which were all roimd superior to last year. It was re- gretable though that a little hitch took place with the judge.?- over the groups, which were equal to anything seen in tho county for effect, even if the plant* were not all equ.ally vd luable. It occurred in the open class for groups covering 150 feet, in which Mr. T. .1. Nklson, of -\shgate, was awarded premier honours for a charmingly-.arranged collection of flowering and foUage plants, every one of which was in its place, ant} assisting in a harmonious whole. [There appears to have beeo considerable feeling displ.a.ved. but into that or the merits of the case we cannot enter. Ed.] Groups to cover 80 feet produced a capital competition, ^Ir. S. Polkinghorne, gr. to Mis, Edmund I^arnes, of Ashgate, was placed at the top. In the centre he had a nice specimen of a Phcenix, and tbe surrounding Crotons and Ferns were prettily an-ange^, the finish being tasteful and striking. Mr. H. Horsnall, gr. to Mr. J. E. Clayton, of Thornfield Hall, Ches*erfield, was awarded 2nd. Mr. D. Money, gr. at Rose Hill, and Mr. H. Mottershaw, gr. at Tapton H.all, Derbyshire, were respectively 3rd and 4th. Tlie Fci-ns were a superb lot, Mr. .S. Polkjnohorne, Mr. T. J. NELsris, and Mr. W. Haslam, dividing the bono\irs. Roses were quite a feature, and the blooms remarkably- good, especially those of the prize winners. Messrs. Merry. WEATHER iL So.NS, Pouthwell, sccurcd the l-st prizes for forty-eight distinct varieties, for the twenty-four varie- ties, and tie twtuty-fonr Teas or Noisettes: Messrs. Ma( K & Son of Catterick, Yorkshire, were 2nd for forty- eight varieties and twenty-four varieties ; and Mr. H. V. Machix, of Gatesford Hill, Worksop, 3rd for forty-eight varieties and twenty-four varieties; and 2nd for twenty-four Teas or Noisettes ; Messrs. Proctor & Sons, of (.'hesterfield, being 4th for forty-eight. In the local Rose-class for nine varieties, Mr. F. Vkkers of Wingerworth. was Ist ; Mr. W. Haslam, of Hardstoft, 2nd ; and Mr. E. Jenkinson, of Stubbin Court, 3rd. This was a highly creditable class. .Messrs. Proctor & Son easily maintained the lead for bridal bouquets. The ball-room bouquets were handsome, Messrs. Johnson & Wheeler liere taking the lead. The cut flowers were excellent, considering the dryness of August 8, 1896.] THE GABDENEBi^' CHRONICLE. 169 the season : and in the hardy and half-hardy, Messrs. Pboi.tor & Son produced an interesting specimen which is somewhat unique. The fruits, consisting uf Nectarines, Peaches, and Tomat**, were a very fine lot, and in the last named the competition was very keen. There were two other sections for amateurs and cottagers, and much improvement to the earlier shows uq er the society was witnessed. The entries were more than trebled, but this is not to be wondered at, considering the allot- ment and other gardens which have been laid out in large numbers in the distiict during tlie past two years. Nowhere is floriculture and horticulture more encou- raged, the Mayor (Councillor A. C. Ijocke) being a great enthusiast. The judges fur these sections were Mr. Luck- burst, lecturer to the Derbyshire County Council ; Mr. \V. M. Hewitt, Chesterfield ; Mr. Horsnall, gr. at Thornfield House ; and Mr. S, Polkinghorne, gr. to Mrs. E. Barnes. It should be mentioned that Messrs. Phuctob & Sons were awarded a Certificate for some lovely varieties of Carnatious. BRIDGWATER HORTICULTURAL. JuLV 30.^ After having been discontinued for several years, a flower sh-jw was held on Thursday at Bridgwater, under the auspices of a newly-fornied horticultural society, of which Mr. E. J. Stanley, M.P., accepted the presidency. The Mayor (Alderman H. W, Pollard) was the vice-president, and Mr. John Gray, manager of the Wilts and Dorset Bank, proved an indefatigable hon. secretary. A large number of entries were obtained, ami the show pr-jved an excellent one, and was well patn-ni.sod. It was held in the grounds of Mr. Walters, adjoining the Taunton road, and a special attraction was the engagement of the Itoyal Marine band from Plymouth. The chief prize winners were: for plants in pots -Miss Sanderson, Otterhanii)ton and Mr. S. H. Bailey, (Hastonbury ; Ferns -Mr. F. L. Carslake, Bridgewater ; zonal Pelargoniums ^Mr. F. J. Parsons; Bu^onias Mr 8. Loviband, Bridge- water; Cut Flowers -Mr. H. Corder and Messrs. Jarman h Co., Chard ; Tea Roses— Mr. S. P. Budd, Bath ; Zinnias- Mr. H. Corder ; Phloxes— Mr. W. Perryman ; an) Sweet Peas— Messrj. Jarman k Co. ; Groups--Mr. F. L. Caralake ; Her- b.iccou8 Perennials Lieut. -Colonol Barhmi, Hridgewatcr. FRUIT. The best collection wjs .shown l-y Lieut. -Colunel E. C. A, Sandtord; Colonel Mount Batten ha 1 the best black and white Grapes ; Litut.-Colonel Sundford had the finest Peaches, and Colonel Mount Batt-'n the finest Nectarines and PluDis; Dessert Apples were woll shown by Lieut. Colonel Sandford and Mr. Corder. \'cgetable.s and Roots wuro excellent for the season, and CwtUigers" productions praise- worthy, NEWPORT AND COUNTY HORTICULTURAL. Jt'Lv 30.— After a l.ip.su of ten years, a show, which hap- pily proved to be a very good one, was held at Newport by the above society, fur which the county have to thank an energetic secretary and committee. Excellent arrangements were made for the exhibits in large tents, placed m King's ilill Fields. The diy was fine, and everything connected with the exhibition was successfully carried out. J. R, Rirn.iRD3, Esq., the Mayor of Newport, accompanied with the Mayoress, formally opened the show, PLANTS lOPEN CLASSES;. Twelve stove and gresnhouse Plants in bloom. -1st, Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, with grand specimens of EricaAustin- iana, Phteaocoma prolifora Barnesii, Ixora salicifolia, AUa- manda Hendersoni, Staticd Gilberti, Stephanotis fioribunda, Kalosanthes coccinea, andClerodendron Balfouriana, the last- named being slightly past its best. 2nd, J. C. Hanburv, Esq., Pontypool Park (gr., Mr. Lockyer). who ran the 1st chise with Bougainvillea glabra, Anthurium Scherzerianum. Eucharis amazonica. Gloriosa superba, Statice profusa,' Clerodendron Balfouri, Allamanda Chelsoni, and a! nobilis. Six ornamentiil foliage phmts.— 1st, Mr. Cypher, with goud Crotons, Palms. Ac. ; -Jud, W. S. Ogden, Esq., Hetherleigh (gr,, Mr. Stevens). Si.^ Achimenes,— 1st, C. A. B.uLtv. Esq., Bassalleg (gr. Mr, S. Sharratt), with good pans of A. gi-andifiora, A. Ion!?iflora, A. m ijor, A. Mauve Queen, A. Ma-^nct A. Admiration, and A. coccin- a. 2ad, Col. Wallis, Newport (gr., Mr. D. Powell). There were four entries in this class. Six exotic Ferns. — 1st, Col. Wallis, who showed Davallia Mooreaua, Adiantum trapeziforme, Lomaria gibba, &c. 2nd C. n. Bailey, Esq., Newport. * Four Selaginellas.— Ist, H. J. Davis, Esq., Newport (gr. , Mr. J. Degler), with fine pans of S. Wildenovii, S. Martensii vahegata, S. Cie.sia, and S. apoda. Snd, CoI.Wali.is. This w:vs a good cl:vss, and the plants were well grown, although the pans employed in m'^.st cases wer^ vnuioecssarily dcei>. l-'our Caladiums.- There were live entries in this chiss. 1st. J. C. Uanbuky, Esq., with well-grown and brightly- coloured plants of C Madame M;irjoline Schiutler, C. biculor splcndens, C. Luddemanni, and C. candidum; 2nd, C. U. Bailev, Esq. Three exotic Heutte, &c. There were eight entries in this class. Roses, twelve Tea, scented, dL* inct.— Here Mr. Stephen Tkeseder was placed 1st with a good stand, Mr. Crossi.ing being a near t^nd amongst six competitors. Dahlias, double tlowered. twenty-four distinct — 1st, Mr. William TresEper, Cardift', having amongst his best blooms Matbew Campbell, R. T. Bawling'), William Keith, Richard Dean, The Ameer, Mr. F. Foreman, (ioldfindor, &c. 2nd, Sir. FiTT, Abergavenny. Cactus Dahlias. Twelve bunches, distinct, three blooms in a bunch. Those were well put up, making an attractive and (iretty display. 1st, Mr, Willi.nm Tre.sedeb, who had the new variety, Mrs. Wilson Noble a lovely jnnkish salmon. The good old Burtha Mawley, Purple Prince, Mrs. Barnes, Earl of Pembroke, good ; Countess of Radnor, C<»untes8 of Go-ford, Mary Hillicr, good ; Gloriosa, Miss Violet Morgan, Matchless, and Cannell'sGcm, good, 2nd, Mr. Basham, New- port, who also had a remarkably good lot. Twelve bunches of Cut Fluwers, distinct.— There wore seven entries for this prize, Mr. Lo' kvkr, Pontypool Park Gar- dens, being a good 1st with Cypripediuni Stouei, Statice pro- fusa, Ixori Williamsii, Ijapageria alba and rosea, Pancra- tium fragrans. Allamanda t'hclsoni, &c. 2nd, Loi i.s Gl'krkt, (gr.. Mr. W. Chatlleldj; 3rd, Mr. Put, Esq. Mr. Wii.i.iAM TttEsiLiER \v.is tirst in the classes for both Wreaths and Cro.sscs. Mr. Prue, also of Cardiff, being 2nd in Vixzh class. It has been previously noticed that CarditT exhibitors are always strong in these classes. FRIIT. In the classes for fruit there wa.-; nothing of particularly good quality, apart from bluk Grapes and a few dishes of Peaches and Nectarines, although Apples were fine for the time of the year. For a Collection of si.t kinds of fruit, Mr. Prrr wjis 1st with Muscat Grapes, which were however in an unripe stite. fair black Ibunburgh Grapes, a small Queen Pineapple, Royal George Peaches. Lord Napier Nectarines, and Read's bcarlet tlesh Melnu. 2nd, Loiisk Gl'ERET, Esq., who bad very good black Hamburgh Grapes and B;irrington Peaches. Black Gmpes, any variety, three bunches. Ist, L. (Jierkt. Eiq., with very gond black Hanil.»urghs, although not perfect in colour. 2ud, P. S. Piii[.Ln*s, E.sq., Whitfield, Hereford (gr.. Mr. Grindrod), who had very good Gros Maroc. (Irapes, white, 1st. L, Gherkt. Ksq., with Foster's Seedling. 2nd, S. Dban, Esq., Newport (gr., Mr. Giddins), with Buck- land Sweetwater. Peache3, one dish.— 1st. Mr. GRiNnROO, with Royal George. 2nd, S. Dean. Esq., with pale largo Barringtons. Nectarines, one dish.— Ist, Mr. Pitt, with very good Pine- apple, but unnamed ; 2nd. Mr. Grindrod, with good Elruge. Melons, two.: 1st, Mr. Pitt. Cherries, one dish : 1st, Mr. Pitt; 2nd, R. Tiiomai, Esq., Newport. Apples, si.x: varieties of Dessert: 1st, Mr. Basham, Bassalleg; 2nd, Mr. Garawav, Bath. Apples, Culinary, six varieties : lat, Mr. Basham ; 2nd, Mr. Garaway ; 3rd. Mr. Pitt. Vegetables were particiUarly good for the Beason. For .i collection of nine kinds, Mr. Garaway was placed 1st with good dishes of Rochford's Cucumber; Onion, Golden Rocca; Pea. The Duchess; Sutton's Seedling Potato, Early London Cauliflower, Masterpiece Toma^), Grove "White Celery, Pen-y-Byd Vegetable Marrow, and Scarlet Runner Beans ; 2nd, Mrs. Parkinson. Tomatos. nno dish.— Ist, Mrs. Parkin- son ; 2nd, Mr. Garawav: 3rd, W. S. Ooden, Esq. There were numerous miscellaneous noncompetitive exhibits of considerable merit, including one of Plants, Cut Flowers, A*c , from Messrs. Clibran y. A Motion that the following offices be created in the society, and that the members uuiermcntioued be elected for the yen-, was brought forward: -Consulting Brtantist Professor J B Balfour, F.R.S. ; Consulting Chemist, Dr. A. P. Aitken • Consulting Entomolo.!ist, R Stewirt Macdougali Esq ' RSc. ; Consulting: Geologist, Dr. Aeflec k ; Consulting Jfeteorologist, Mr, Mo.sjman : and Dr. So.merville as Con- sulting Cryptogamist. A -Motion was also brought forward and remitted to the council to arrange for the Isor excursion, being to Ireland The papers read before the society consisted of one fr.im Dr. Ada5i SuHwvprAcB, Professor of Forestry, Eberswalde, Inissia. on "The Importance of Density in Sylviculture ■' which give miny valuable hints and rules to those en^a^ed m forestry. Mr. A. C. Forbes, Wood Manager, Bowo°o1 Wilts, also gave a paper, entitled '■ la British Foi-.strv Progressive ? " ST. NEOT'S HORTICULTURAL. Auou,T 3— This w.is the thirty-second exhibition of this popular Society, and it is something ti its credit that in a purely agricultural district, an exhibition should be main- tamed so long ; but it wisely caters fur the country people by including in its schedule of prizes all kinds of a..ricultura'l produ-e, while there is a section for market gardeners also poultry, pigeons, rabbits, ciged birds, and other subjects 1 he show took place, as usual, in Priory P irk, the residence 0 G. FvDEi.L RowLEv, Esq. Another circumstance worlhv of mention is, that this exhibition celebrated the twnty. first year of service, as working sccre'arv. nf Air. Willi, m KITCHELONS, tha manager of Messrs. Wood (^ Ingrams br.mch nursery at St. Noofs, to whose exertions so much of the success of the Soeie»y is due. Owing o the recent death of one of the principil exhibitors the show was deprived of several collections of plants the presence of which has alw.ys added mitenal interest to the -'how; but though, owing to this and other causes t'le Llasses were not so well filled as usual, there was a manifest advance m fjuality. The most suceesstul exhibitor was Mr 1 Lnckie, gr. to A. J. Thorshill, Esq., Diddington Hall' and formerly of Windsor. "oington Hall, A few classes are open to all comers, but on th=s occasion hey brought only two exhibits, Mcssi. Wood & U-gr ° Thev weT°"', """""fdon. being 1st with twenty-four Uoscs.' tnt y^ a" ,""1^'""^ "'"■''•' '^^''ty-ro'T fiuc bunches of I ut, hardy, herbaceous, and bulbous (lowers In the classes from which nurserymen are excluded Mr Ir uT r, v""" """' ^""'^"' "■' «™'=''- ^"■- "'■ G."coigne. ^^ors bJ ,., rT/ ^"'- *" -"'' ''■■■ «• GfRGiN, .St. Neots.had (he best twelve Dahlias, Mr, Lockie taking the -nd prize, Mr. Lockie was 1st with twelve Zinnia elee ns- excelent for the season ; .also with twelve bunches o7 stove Allamaiida, Gloxinias, Globe Amaranthus. Streptocarnus Cleroden ron falbx, Ixora, Ac. Trusses of zonal Pelargo: muins were very good, Mr. Lockie again taking the 1st prife ; Ui. E J. Cross. St. N ofs. being a close 2nd. Mr. W. Last o( u.ardy plants. Some capital s.iccimen Fuchsias gained the Ist prizes for JMr. Lockie, chief among them, Rose of Cistille Improved a very fine exhibition and decorative variety Mr \ Wvr' K iNsoN had the best six plants in bloom, they included a flue pieceof NeriuM, oleander, and Plumbago capensis, &c. Co'eus IV ere shown m (inely-Brown and coloured plants, Mr. Lockie vt"'l I'f' '^'.Irv''"- ^''•" '^'^'"Sa close L'nd. Mr. Lockie n 1 *', "■'"' '■"If^'-do/.cn finely grown and bloomed zonal lelargon.uras; he h.d the best specimen (lowering plant m an excellent piece of Stiticc profusa, and he was .also 1st with a specimen foliaged plant, having a well-developed example of AIncasia cuprea (mefcilliea). Mr. Surtees- Wil- kin.son was 2nd with a green-leaved Draeiena. Tuberous-rooted Begonias were represented by admirably grown and bloomed plants from Mr. Lockie ; Mr A W Atkinson w.as 2nd. The former was the only exhibitor of a group arranged for effect, having a very pleasing one indeed Stove and greenhouse Fe-ns and plants for table decoration were both good features. There was a small but select display of fruit, the best col- lection of eight di-hes ciming frou Mr. Carter, gr. to Capt w, II. DrxcoMBE, W.areslcy Park, Sandf. Jlr. Loi K t took the 1st prize for ten dishes of vc'etablcs putting lip a perfect collection. A group of excellent Cannas from Messrs. Wood i Inoram were highly commended. NORTHAMPTON HORTICULTURAL. Ai'c. 3, 4.— This society held its annual cxhibiti.ni and fete on the above dates. The competition was keen and the productions very good. Considering the season, cut Bowers were shown very satisfactorily, plants were very fine, and groups also. The arrangements of the show were in the hands of Mr. W. B. Troup and an efficient committee, who discharged their duties in an exemplary manner. PLANTS. In the cKass for twelve specimen plants, Mr. J, Cvpher. Queen's Nurseries, Cheltenham, was placed 1st. He had splendid specimens of Keotia Belmoreana. Cycas rcvoluta, Kentia Forstcriana. Croton angustifilius (extra), Phajnocoma prolifera, Dipladenia hybrida, Croton Queen Victorii, Statice profusa, AUamanda grandiflora, Ixora salicifolia, and C oton Sunset, which was beautifully coloured. Mr. Finch, Coven- try, was a fairly good 2nd, and included good specimen Crotons, Erica Lindleyana, Statice profusa, do. Mr. Vacse, Leamington, was 3rd. For six stove or greenhouse plants, three in bloom .and three out of bloom. Sir H.Wake (gr., Mr. Knightley). w,as 1st. Stepbanotis, Ivy-leaved Pelargonium, Souvenir "de Charles Turner, Croton angustifolius, and Latania borbonica were in- cluded- Mr Copson, gr. to Mrs. P. Piiipps, Collington Grange, was 2nd, and he bad a very good plant of Ixora WiUiamsiL Mr. Innes, gr. to Mr. W. H. Foster, of Spratton Grange, was 3rd, Some splendid Fems were exhibited, and the Isl prize went to Mr. Peiic=, gr. to L, Loder. Esq,, Hove House Mr Copson, Collington, wasa good 2nd. Coleuses were very fine, Mr. C0P.30N being 1st, and Jlr Dorey, gr, (o Jlr. Simpson, Broom HiU, Spratton, 2nd. For fix Double Begonias Mr, K.vic.htlev was 1st, and showed some capital seedliogs; Mr Hollanii, 2nd. Mr Knigiitlev was again 1st for Single Regonias. Mr, Coulson 2nd, Fuchsias from Mr. Knic.h tlev were good. Mr, Beard and Mr. Loder were 2nd and 3rd respectively. Some g od z nal Pelar- goniums were st iged by Mr. Dorev .and Mr. Copson. For Table Plants. Mr. Pearce, Mr. Cole, and Mrs. Haves were the successful exhibitors. Cockscombs were not very good ; the best came from Mr Pearce ; followed by Mr. Copson and Mr. Kempshall gr to SirC E 1 sii A M. Bt . Lamport Hall. GROUPS. For a group to cover a space 20 feel by 12 (eet. Mr. CvpilER was again placed 1st, wi'h a beautifully arranged group with a centrepiece of Kentia Belmoreana. and smaller groups arr.inged around it of splendidly coloured Crotnns, Cannas, nambus.as, Humea elogans. Tuberoses. Draca-nas. Aspiragus l>lumosii5 and d'.acxus. and the corners and crevices filled with small plants of Caladium argyrites, k<:., aid Moss, Altogether the group was a credit to the firm. Mr. Vacse Leamington, was 2iid. The chief feature of his group was arches covered with Cork and Moss. In the centre of the arches was a plant of Phcenix rupic.ila, and around the arches and in the corners were flowering and foli.age plants of Cocos, Liliiims, Crotons, Hydrangeas, Ixoras, "uulalias Orchids, A-c, Mr. FiNcii, Coventry', was ;:rd. HOSES (Open). Considering the very dry season this jDpiilar How.r was shown fairly well. In the open class Mr. .loiiN Perkins was 1st for twenty-four blooms, which included some good blooms of Frinfois Michclon .and Ulrich Brunncr ; but the whole exhibit was very even in character, Messrs. Thomas Perkins, of Northampton, were 2nd with a fairly good evhibit; and Mr, W, Eyden, gr. to Simcel Beiicer Ein ;;rd. ' '■' OTHER CUT FLOWERS For twenty-four D.thlias. Messrs. T. Peskins vmre 1st, and they had a very strong collection. For twelve Dahlias, single blooms. Mr, Beird w.is p'lced Ist. Twelve bunches of Cactus Dahlias brought only one com- petitor in Mr. Pfar.son, who w;is placed ist. FUUIT. In open class for a collection of ei;,'ht varieties, Mr, (L'oli: gr, , Althorpe, was 1st witli Queen Pine, Muscat of Alexan- dria and Madresficld Court Grapes, Prince of Wales Peach brown Turkey Fig, Countess Melon, Lord Napier Nectarines' lloycnne d'Et^ Pears. Mr, Hayes, gr. to MARi,((.i(s uf Northami'Ton was 3rd with good Muscat of Alexandria whichworc notquiteripe: and beautiful ^'cct:iriiics(Stanwick EIruge); other dishes were Peiches, Melon, Apricots, and Figs. For three Ijunchcs of black Grapes, Mr. .\dvitt, North- ampton, Wis 1st, with three bunches of black llanibiirgb. For three bunches of white Grapes, Mr. L .Tordili, gr. to Lord Annalv, lloldcnby, won with th'-ee good bunches of Muscat of .Alexandria, very fine. VEGETABLES were staged In considerable quantity, and the quality was very good. )[r. Cole was 1st for a collection with Vetch's Autumn Giant Claiilidowcr, Veitch's Selected Carrot, Chelsea Giant liiinner Bean, I'ragoell's Exhibiti n Eect, Paris (irccn .Artichoke, Sutton's Perfection Cucumber, Perfection Toni.itoj, Debbie's White Turnip, Ailsa Craig Onion (very good'. Cole's Favourite Potato, Autocrat Pea, and Major Clarke Celery ; Mr. Dvmock being ini, and Mr. Copson ."ird. In tho county class for nine varieties, Mr. F. Dodglas was Ist. Exhibits of single dishes of Voietables were good, especially Onions, Tom.atos, and P^ tatos. There were some good exhibits in the Cottager's Classes, .and the competition w.as keen in the majority of the classes. The Judges were Mr. J. Smith, Mentmore Gardens; Mr. W. Coomber. gr, to Lord Liltord; Mr. Cole, gr. to Earl Spencer; Mr. L. Jordan, gr. to Lord Ann.aly ; Mr, J. Knightley, gr. to Sir Herewald Wake. Bart. , and Mr. J. Shaw. CHESTER. At'GUST 5, (J. — Favoured with fine weather, the committee of the Chester Horticultural Show and Fete held its first exhibition of plants, cut-flowers, fruits, and vegetables, in the Roodee, on Wednesday and Thursday, and the cimniittee and Mr, J. Wvnmk Fb'our.KES (Hon, Secretary) are to be congi-atulated upon the success of their efforts to make the show a thoroughly representative one. The com- petition was keen in most of the classes, and the exhibits generally were of a high degree of excellence. The number of eutries in the open to all classes was large. Group i of plants arranged for effect on a space occupying not more than 300 square feet, comprised four groups of Orchids, each ocuipj*ing a space of 150 square feet. There w^re forty throe eutries in the plant classes ; fifty-four in the cut-flower clds&e=) ; ninety iu the fruit clas.'^es ; and 403 in the vegetable classes— making in all 590 entries. Adding to thes:: figures l,lt>3 en'ries in the cottagers' classes, a grand total of 1,701 is made. Thus it will be seen that keen competition prevailed in all the classes, and that the gentlemen who promoted this successful and promising horticultural exhibition have suc- ceeied in moving the inhabitants of Chester and surrounding district in the right direction. PLANTS. In the class for twelve stove and greenhouse plants in bloom. Mr. J. Cvprkr, Cheltonham, was a good 1st, f-taging good-sized fre^h plants of Erica Austiniana, Statice Gilburti, Txora salicifolia. AUamanda nonilis. BougainvilleaSandcriana, fine in size and flower ; Ixora Prince of Wales, Erica Aitoniana, Allamanda grandiflora, Statice profusa, Erica Thonipsoni, Ixora WiUiarasii, Pbcenocoma prolifera Baniesii— an all-round good lot of wcU-flowered plants. Four other lots of plants were shown in this cla'^s. Iu the class for six flowering plants Mr. Joseph Roderick, gr. to T. II, SvKiw, Ekj . Chei'ile, was 1st witli a good lot of plants, including well-tlowered examples of Stephanotis tlori- bundaand Ixora Williamsii. With four specimens of Crotons Mr. B. Cromwell, gr, to T. S, Timmis, Esj , Liverpool, was a go>d 1st, sti'^ing lar^c brigijtly-coloured plants; Mr. Cvphkr bein? a good "Jnd. S^Tiwci plantx. — Mr. Cvpiieu wa** 1st in the diss for greenhouse plants, with a fine pie-^e of P icp-^o !oi»a prolifera B irnesii ; an 1 in the correspinditii^ class Mr Kofjkrick so:;urei the premier lunti-m with a wcll-fl'iwered plant of Dipladenia aniabiiis. Grou/js were, as is usual at big shows, cjuite a feature, Mr. Edmonds, gr. to the 1)uki-: of Sr. Ar.iANS, Bestwood L'td^jc, Notts, was Ht with a very pleasing arrnigonient, cunsisting of smiU groups wit'i centril plants, showing well ab^vo tire grovuidwork of Croton', Palms, Iluui-a elegans, *c., inter- ini.'ced with Dendrobium Schroderiauum, Liliura in variety. Frani;oas. A'C. ; Mr. John Mclntyre, gr. to Mrs. ri:\si':, was ■Jnd, with a goid arrangement; ani Afr. RfiDKRicK was a creditable 3rd. ORCHIDS. Three groups of Orchids w^re tastefully set up, Mr. Cvphfr being an easy l&t. His group consisted of many good types of Cattleya Mossin? and Sanderiana, Oneidiura Juiiesianuni flavens, O. papilio, Oiicidiuiii Kranierii, lant uf the curious Swan Orchid (CycnochcsChlorocheilon), Cattleya > Kanderiana. C. inipcrialis, Odontoglossnm Uoezlii, Oncidium Krameri, Cattloya velutina, C. spucioais&iim, Dendrobium Pbalienopsis, D. Schrodcrianum, Cypripudium Dayanum, and Cattleya granulosa. Messrs. Lmn':; A: MATi[t:R, ICoIso, contributed a nice batik of Carnations with Pa'ms at tho baik of tho group, and Maidenhair [''em intermixed with the Cirnitions, smd placed also in front of the arrangement. CUT FLOWERS. Mcs-sr-s. JoNiiS & Sons, Shrewsbury, weio IsL for n uollejtion of cut flowers, arranged on a space of 12 feot by h fo t, the flowers employed chiefly consisting of Orchids, Pan?ratiums, TJIiiuns. Carnations, Sweet Peas, &o., intermixed with Maidenhair Fern, Asparagus plumosus and a variety of Grasses, were made thtj most of. Messrs. Jenkinsox & Sox, Newcastle, wore a good 2nd, Two other collections in the form of devices were a'*ranged with good effect ; and the various collections of Carnations made a good show, Mr. Campbell. Blantyrc, N.B., secured premier position with a grand lot of Carnation blooms, fine in size, form, and colour; and Messrs. Lun(j &. Matukr, Kel.so, wore a good 2nd. Two other igood collections were .sliowu. Roses. In the class for twenty-four Rosea, distinct varieties, Messrs. J. Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen, were 1st, wiih a good August 8, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 171 even lut uf solid, froeh-luokint,' blouuis ; McBsra. Haukness, Bedale, being a good 2ud. There were throe exhibits in this class. In the caasses set apart for Tea Roses, Messrs. Cocker A Sons were again tu the front, Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dun.dce, being iJud. Mr. W. Stl'Bbs. Nantwich, had the best stand uf twelve, showing good, solid, fresh-looking blooms. Gladiolus. Messrs. Haukness & Sons were the only exhibitors of thirty-six spikes of Gladioli in not fewer than twenty varieties, and they wore very properly awarded the l.'^t pr'ze. Ball and Bridal Boiqi kts. Messrs. Jeskinson & Sons were 1st with a goitd arrange- ment, being luUowed by Mr. U. J. Allen, Aigburth, and Mrs. DtMOND Hogg. I It LIT. Fruit on the whole was sbnwii well, oxhibits gonerally beinij tjf a high order. In the chief class fur c oUectiuns uf eighteen dishes of ripe fruit, the prizes wera tll.'i. £10, and £5. Mr. GooL.ACR«; sejuroi first honours with a beautiful eullection, consisting of splendid Muscat of Alexandria, iMadresfield Court, and Black Haoiburgh, Foster's Seedling. Read's Scarlet-flesh, and the Countess Melon ; Harrington and Iloyal George Peaches ; Victoria and Lord Napier Nectarines ; Kirk's and Jeflersou's Plums ; Brown Turkey Fig; Souvenir du Cougrts Pears; a tine dish of Lady Sudeley Apple, and Lv Grusse Sucre: Strawberry. Mr. McIndoe wos •Jnd : in his exhibit there were two tine bunches of Golden t'hampion Grapes ; twu large, but rather tadly-colourod bunches of MadresBeld Court Crai>e ; Scarlet Model, and Shrewsbury Melons; Souvcir du (Vngri-s, and Clapp's Favourite Pear, Prince Ivnglobert Plums; Bigarrcau Cheirios ; Alexandra, Nob' esse, and Magdalen Peaches; Dryden and Sp'inser Nectarine.H. Thuro wore only two ei.tries in thii class, Mr. Goodacres collection being nicely arranged with Carnations, Eucharit^, Fem-Grats, Ac In the cKss for sis kindi (Pines excludtd), Lady 11. SoMBRSKT was a good 1st out of four exhibits, showing Muscat Grapes, a seedling Melon, Lord Napier Nectiirine, Stirling Castle] Peaches, Brown Turkey Fig, and Bigarreau Napoleon Ch erries. The Earl *'¥ Carlisle, Castle H"ward, wns Jnd (M r. J. Kiddell, gr.), showing Hamburgh Grapes, Bellgarde Peaches, Brcwn Turkey Fig. Moor Park Apricot, Jefferson Plum, and William's Bon Chretien Pear. Lord BaOot (gr. , Mr. Banncrnian) was :ird with Hamburgh Grapes, Late Admirable Pea'rhes, Moor Park Apricot, Pine-apple, Nectarine, and Greengage Plura. Fo!' a collection of hardy fruits, not exceeding twelve kinds, Mr. M cIndoe.gr. to Sir J. Pe.vsk, was 1st, Nhowing Marguerite Marrita (new) and Bruckworth Park Pears, early Julien Apple.s, C/ar Plum, Kmpcror Francis ('hcrri s, white TriUi^parcnt and Dutiance Curr.mts, Transparent Gage Plum, and large early A p ricots. Vistoi'NT Combkiimehe (gr . Mr. Severn) was a gou d i3nd ; his Apricots and Chcn-ies were ex- ceptionally good. Mrs, Bloomfield (gr.. Mr. Worker) was Srd. Mr. UtDD ELL was 1st for a lineapple, showing a good Qi eon ; Mr, Goodacre was -nd also wiih a fruit of the same variLty ; Mr. McIsdoe w;is3rd, with a good fruit of smooth Cn ytnno. For six bunt lies of G apes, tbrec black and thr:;e white, W. I RICHARD, Esq. \%Y., Mr Crisp), Ist, showing Muscats and black Alicante.^, his Musc.il being very ^ood ; Mr. Good- acre, "Jnd, showing Himbur^'hs, Mitdrestield Court, Muscats, aul Foster's Secdl ngs ; F. A. Brace, Es.| , iJrd, with Gros Mart c and Muscats. M ■. Goodacre was a good 1st for three bunches of Black Kambm"ghs, these being beiutifully coloured. In the class for three bunc'ies. any other black, J. C. Waier- uin sF,. Esq., was 1st, with beautiful Madr^stield Court; C. V lOG, Esq., 2nd igr., Mr, Edge)., with Madresfield; H. Chandos Pole Gell, Esq , was 3rd. For three bunches of Muscats, Mr. Coates fgr. to W. H. Verdin, Esq.), was 1st, witb large and btuutifully coloured bunches; A. F. Bbacp., E.'q., 2nd, with lar^e bunches, but not B 5 well coloured as the former ; E. S. Clarke, Esq. (gr , Mr, Edwards), was Ztd. For three hnnehes any otl ei* white Grape, J. C. Water- house, Esq., was 1st with a grand bunch of Foster seedling ; Mr. Go')DACRE being 2nd, and F. A. Brace, Esq. ;5rd, both j:howing Foster's Seedling. For a i-ingle dish of Peaches, M, H. Verimk, Esq., was 1st, showing splendid specimens uf Uuya] George; Mr Harris, pr. to Lady H. Somerset, Eastnor Castle, was 2nd with Bellegar de ; and J. Tomktnson, Esq , ard with Dr. Hogg. Dish of Nectarine, R. Wtlbraham, Esq. (gr. Mr. Thomp- fon\ was Ist : Mr. J. MrLsE, ViUe Royal, 2nd ; and Mr. S T. Chadwick 3rd, all showing Pineapple. For X Melon, M. H. Veroin was 1st with Dickson s Hero of Chester, Mr McIkdoe 2nd with Scarlet Model, and Mrs. Watkins 3rd. Dish of Figs.— Lady H. Somerset was 1st. with Brown Turkey; Sir J. Pfase 2nd, with Negro Largo ; Lord Har- rington ;:rd, with Brown Turkey. Dish of Cherries.— Lady H. Somerset was first here also with Bigarrcau Napoleon ; Viscount Comuermere 2ud, Mrs. Dloomfield ;>rd, both having Morcllo. For the best 12 Fruits of Red Tumatos. — Mr Cori:, Liver. pool, 1st, with Duke of York ; G. M. Br-ooKt:^, Es i., 2nd. For the best 12 Yellow Tomatos.— Dukcof St. Auja.\'s 1st; and J. D. Clark, Esq , 2ud. For a dish of Apricots.— Lady H. Somerset was 1st with fine fruits of large Early Roman ; the Earl of CABLibLE, 2nd ; R. W. WiLBRAHAM, Esq., Srd. A dish of Pears.— Sir J. Pease 1st with Clapp's Favnurite ; Earl of Carlisle 2nd, with Williams' Bon Chretien. A dish of dessert Applea. — Mrs. MlCorquodale Isl with Beauty of Bath ; and Lady H. So^lEBSET 2nd with Lady Sudeley. A dish uf culinary Apples.— Mr. G.\rhawat 1st with Peas- good Nonsuch ; Lady H. Somerset 2udwith Ecklinville ; C. Wjuo, Esq., Srd with the same variety. A dish of Plums. — Hon. Cecil Parker lat with Transparent Gage; Earlof Carlisle 2nd with Jefferson ; Viscount Comber- mere 3rd A dish of culinary Plums. — Mrs Bloomfield Ist with Pond's Seedling; Mrs. Logan 2nd: Hugh Smythe, Esq. 3rd ; the last two mentioned showing Victorias, VEGETABLES. In tho class for collections uf twelv.' kinds, seventeen lut-s wore staged. Mr. Pupe, gr. to the E.\rl of Carnarvon, Highclere Castle. Newbury, took 1st prize with an a'mirablo lot of produce. This consisted of Sutton'd Prizotaker Leek, good Cauliflowers. Celery, Sutton's Perfection Tomatos, Beets, Intermediate Carrot, Satisfaction Potitos, Ailsa Craig Onions, Snowball Turnips, Duke of Albany I'eas, and good (.'ucum- liors. The whole was tastefully sL-t up. Mr. Wilkin**. Inwood House, was a capital 2ud ; and Mr. Waitk was a guod ;ird. The last named exhibitor wa« Ist for six Onions ; Mr. WiLKiss being 2ud. Potatos were shown in large quantities, the tubers being uf good size, even, and i.lean ; ^Ir, C Foster had tho best dish of kidneys, showing Sutton's Supremo; the same ex- hibit >r .also taking 1st in the class for round varieties, with tho variety Satisfaction. Mr. Charles FusrERhadtbe best dish of a coloured variety, with excellent Reading Ruf sett. Mr. Roderick was Isl for Cauliflowers, eho^ving good solid heads of Veitch'8 Autumn Giant. TKADE EXHIBITS. The contributions sent by scvei-al of the leading nurstry- nien made a fiiio exhibition in themselves. The celebrated Chester tirm Dicksons had a grand lot of miscellaneous plants, including Treo-Fenis, Cannas in great variety, double and singlo flowered tuberous-rooted Begonia.s, Gloxinias, (.'aladiums, Crotous, Draca^uas, Liliums, Cbrysanthemum Gonuetwald dwarf-habited plants, tincly flowered ; Tu*'c- roses; vegetables in great variety ; fruiting Grape-vines in pots ; bouquets uf Tea and other Uoses ; herbaceous flower^ in various designs, as well as a great length of stiging cnilwl- lished with bundlo.s of herbaceous rtowora in groat vurioty, together with two groups of Con fers in variety— the only Gold Modal which was awarded to a Chester or local lirm. and which was a well deserved rciognition ut tho cxcellcnco and usefulness of this class of plant.^. Messrs. J. Veitch t> Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery. Chelsea, had a tine exhibition of Nepenthes. Ciladiump, A*c . as also had Messrs. Cctecsh k Sons. Highgatc. Ixjudou. Messrs H. Cannell A: Sons, Swanley, Kent, had an at r.ic- tive group of Cactus D.ihliaw in variety. Canuas, and Cocks- comb-, the latter of dwarf habit, with very fit. o combs of bright and ploasing colours*. Messrs. R. P. Ker i Sons, Liverpool, had a good 1 ngth of sUiging of C iladiums, in variety, and bright- coloured Crotuns. Mr. Rn.H\RD Hahtland, Cork, had a gnind lot of cut blooms rwood, Caladiuras ; Messrs. W. t J. Birkcnhe id, Sale, Ferns ; Mr. H. Brownhill, Bego- nias ; Mr. H. Cypher. Cheltenham, specimen stove and greenhouse plants; Messrs. W. Cowan &. Co., Liverpool, group of Tea Roses. Sdver Banksian Medal?.— To Mr.M. Campbell, Blantyre, for group of Carnations ; to Mr. II. Eckford, Wem, for Sweet Peas ; to Messrs. H. Low & Co., Clapton, tor Orchids ; to Mr. C. Parker, M'averton, for collection of vegetables. Highly r Him ended. —'ilv. T. S. Timmins, Allerton, Liver- pool, for Crotons ; Lady Theodora Guest, Heustridge gr., Mr. Williams), for collection of vegetables ; Mr. Alex. McLean, Chester, for ditto. Caltvral Comimndations. — To Wm. Pritchard, Esq., Chester (gr., Mr. Jno. Thompson), for Muscat of Alexandria Grapes ; and to Lady H. Somerset, Eastnor, for Bigarreau Napoleon Cherries. James WhiTTON.— We regret tu uuuuuuce tbe death of Mr. Jamej Whitton, nureeryman, which took place at Sunuybank Nurseries, near l''alkirk, ou Sunday, July 19. Tho deceased was sixty nine years of age, and bad been for some time iu failing health. Mr. Whitton was a native of Alyth, Perthshire, was heal gardener ut Laudor Castle, Berwickshire, for thirty years, and served four Karls of Lauder. His tilent^ as a gardener were widely known ; and his genial disposition gained him many friends. He began business at .Sunuybank fourteen years ago, and is survived by a widow. The Weather. [The term "accumulated temperature" indicates the aggre- gate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature abovo or below 42' Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a " Day-dogrce " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] ,T? C i? 2 S Temperature, Accumulated. Bainfalu Brioht Bun. •^ .-rich- es K ;> M C^l Day- deg. Day- deg. D.iy- deg. 0' 1 - S7 0 + 25s 1 2 - 9> 0 + 262 2 I - 111 0 + 307 3 1- 126 0 + 263 4 1 118 0 + 303 6 0 aver 134 0 + 321 6 1 - 99 0 + 286 7 1 - llli 0 + 378 8 1 — 119 0 + 101 S 1 - 102 0 + 317 10 1 — 113 0 + 391 • 1 + 141 0 + 498 Day- deg. : - 31S 241 222 229 247 240 228 1 - 2CS 206 233 210 - 109 lOths Inch 1 - 3 - Ins. 143 30-9' 32 111 l.S7| 32 89 91 9-5 31 10-s' 47 2-89 10-2' 3) .1 _ 81 50 2t 32 32 38 34 39 ' 33 104 le-lij 34 i Hi 67 12-J 42 ' 43 123 21-2' 32 f 29 103 17-7' 40 I 34 96 9-o' 59 ' 4S 1 + 119 24-2! 40 5 . — 4 - 3 — The districts indicated by number iu the first column are tlie fuUon'uig :— P, Sootlind, N. Principil Whea'-p~i>diu:ini Dialricln— 1, Scotland. E. ; 2, England, N.E. : 3, Ensland, E. ; 4, Midl.aud Couutios ; 5, Kngland, includiug London, :<. Principal. Grazing, ice, SitlT'C't — 6, Scotland, W. ; 7, England, N.W. : 8, England, S.W. ; 9, Ireland, N. ; 10, Ireland, S ; "Ch-annel Islands, rUE PAST WE BK. The foUowinsf summary record of the weather throughout the British Islands for the week ending August 1, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — '•The iccathcr, at the commencement of the week, Wiis ch.angeable over the whole kingdom, with thunderstorms and heavy rain in miny [larts of England. Later on a decided improvement took place ; baton the night of July 2S rain set in over our western districts, the unsettled weather 172 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 8, 1896. subsequently spreading to most other parts of the country. Towards the close of the periud, however, the conditions again improved, and became fair and dry generally. " The (wnp^rahotj was a little below the mean in all dis- tricts excepting 'England, S.,' and the 'Channel Island^/* where the normal was equalled or slightly exceeded. Highest readings occurred in the n-^rthern and eastern parts of the United Kingdom on July 26, and in the south between July 28 and 30 ; but in the west they were observed mainly towards the end of the week. As a rule, the thermometer did not rise much abive 70'^, but in ' Ireland, N.,* it reached 76°, while in ' England, E.,' and ' England, S.W.,' it touched 77°. Lowest readings occurred on July 28 or 20, when the sheltered thermometer fell to 40° or less in njany parts of the United Kingdom, and to 37° in ' Scotland, W.* At Oxford, the thermometer on the grass fell on the night of July 28 to a minimum of 36°. "^ The rainfall was less than the mean in a'l districts ex- cepting ' Scotland, W.,' the deficit being large in the north and east of Scotland, and also in the western parts of England. •'The bright sitnehirt^ exceeded the mean in most districts, but was just equal to the normal in 'England, N.E. and N.W.,' and slightly below it in the 'Midland Counties." The per- centage of the possible dui-ation ranged from 59 in the * Channel Islands' and 50 in ' England, S. ,' to 31 in * England, N.E.,' and 30 in the ' Midland Counties.* '* VEaBTABLEa.T-ArERAOE: Wholesale Prices. Beans, Scarlet Run- ner, p. sieve Markets. CO VENT GARDEN, AUGUST 6. We cannot accept any responsibihty for the subjoined reports. They are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quaUty of the samples, the supply m the market, and the demand ; and they may fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. Ed.1 Plants in Pots.— Aver lOK Wholesale Prices. .. d. s. i. : d. ». d. Adiantum, per doz. 4 0-12 0 FicuB elastica, each 10-76 Aspidistra, per doz. 12 0-30 0 Foliage plants, doz. 12 0-36 0 — fipecimen, eacti 5 0-16 0 Heliotrope, per doz. 4 0-60 Asters, doz pots ... 4 6-60 Hydrangea, various Balsams, per doz... 3 0-60 per doz 6 0-13 0 Campanula, p. doz. 4 0-90 Ivy Geraniums per Cbrysanthemum.do 4 0-90 dozen 3 0-40 Cock's combs, doz. 3 0-40 Lilium Harrisii, pr. Coleus, per doz. ... 2 0-40 dozen pots 9 0-18 0 Dracaena, each 10-76 Marguerites, p. doz. 6 0-10 0 — various, p. doz. Evergreen Shrubs, 12 0-24 0 Mignonette, p. doz. 4 0-60 Palms, various, ea. 2 0-10 0 in variety, doz.... 6 0-24 0 — specimens, ea. 10 6-84 0 Ferns, small, doz.... 10-20 PelirgoniTims, doz. 6 0-00 Ferns, various, doz. 5 0-12 0 — Scarlets.p. doz. 2 0-40 Bedding Plai its in variety. Cut Flower-s. — Avera( 3E Wholesale Prices. ». d. s. rf. ». d. 1. d. Arums, p.l2bIoom8 2 0-40 Orchids :— Asters, French, bun. 10-13 Cattleya, 12blm8. 6 0-12 0 — English, dozen Odontoglossum bunches 3 0-60 crispum, 12 bm. 2 0-60 Bouvardias, per bn. 0 6-09 Pansies, doz. bun. 10-20 Carnations, 12 bun. 4 0-60 Pelargoniums, scar- — 12 blooms ... 0 6-20 let, per 12 bun. 2 0-40 Eucharis, per dozen 16-20 — per 12 sprays .. 4 0-60 Forget-me-notfl, p. Pyrethrums, 12 bu. 2 0-40 doz. bunches ... 16-30 Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 9-18 Gardenias, per doz. 10-30 — coloured, doz. 0 9-16 Gladiolus, coloured. — yellov/ (M,are- per doz. spr.ays... 10-16 chal), per doz. 2 0-40 Lavender, doz. bun. 6 0-90 — red, per dozen 0 6-10 Lilium Uarrisii, per — red, doz. bun. 4 0-60 doz. bunches... 2 0-40 — Gloire, doz. bn. 4 0-60 Maidenhair Fern, — Safrauo, p. doz. 10-20 per 12 bunches... 4 0-80 Stephanotis, 12 sps. 16-20 Marguerites, per 12 Stocks, p. doz. bun 2 0-40 bunches 10-20 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 16-30 Mignonette, p. doz. 2 0-40 Tuberoses, 12 blms. 0 2-04 Obchid-blooj I in variety. Fruit.— Average T yaoLEs.iLE Prices. s. d. s. d. «. d. s. d. Apples, Suffields, Grape 1, Gros Maroc, per sieve ... 5 0- per lb 19-26 — Quarrendens, Figs, per doz. 2 6-30 5 sieve 4 0-46 Melons, each 16-20 Apricots, per doz. 10-20 Nectarines, 1st size Cherries, MoreHo, per doz. 6 0 ■ S 0 half-sieve 4 0-50 — 2nd do., p. doz. 3 0-40 Grapes, Alicante, Ist Nuts, Cob, pur lb. 0 8-09 quality, per lb. 16-20 — Filberts, do. ... 0 6 — Hamburgh, 1st Peaches, 1st size, quality, per lb. 16-26 per doz. 0 0-80 — Alicante, 2nd — 2nd do., doz. 3 0-40 quality, per lb. 10-13 — 3rd do., doz. 16 2 0 — Hamburgh, 2nd Pears, Williams, p. qu.tlity, per lb. 0 9-10 half-sieve 4 0- .'; 0 — Gros Colm.ar, Pine-ap|ilcs, St. ^.i- per lb 1 U- 2 0 chacl, c.'i(-h 7 0-10 0 — Muscats, Eng- Plums, Early Rivers, lish, per lb. ... 2 6-30 per ^ sieve 4 6-50 — Muscat, Chan- — Orleans, i-sicve .5 6-6 0 nel Islands, ppr — Green Gage, p. lb 10-20 A-sieve .5 6 — do. French, J-do. .5 0-6 0 !. d. s. d. 3 0-40 18-26 Mushrooms, (Indoor) . d. s. d. per lb 0 6 — (Outdoor), per half-sifcve ... :i 0 Peas, per sieve ... 4 0- 4 6 Tomatos, home- grown, smooth, per doz. lb. .. 4 6 -5 0 — ord. kinds, do. 3 0- 4 0 Cucumbers, home- grown, per dz. — Ridge, per pad (about lOdoz.) 5 0,' — Dutch, per doz. 1 fl- 1 3 Marrows. Vegetable, per 5 doz. ta'ly... 7 0-10 0 POTATOa. Best samples do not come to hand quite as freely as last week, and prices lor such have a tendency to rise. Inferior Simples are still plentiful at last week's prices. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London: Aiigvsi 5.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Pond. Borough, London, S.E , report to-day's market as presenting quite a holiday charac- ter. Trifolium, with an increasing demand and diminishing suppUes, is dearer. Mustard also tends upwards. New Rape • seed comes cheap and good. Italian Ryegrass offers on low terms. Winter Tares point downw.ards. Fine seed Rye is most moderate. Canary seed is steady. Clover and Trefoil seeds are firmly held. Peas unchanged. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Borough: .J!'.7ii.!( 4.— Quotations : — Cabbages, Is. 6i(. to 3s. per tally ; Spinach, Is. Bd. to 2.'. 3d. per bushel : English Onions, 6s. to 7s. per tally ; Carrots and Turnips, 2.<. 9i(. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Marrows, Is. 6rf. to 2s. per dozen ; English Cucumbers, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Tutch do.. Is. ed. to 2s! do. ; Lettuces, 2((. to 9J. per score ; Jersey Grapes, Is. to Is. 6(;. per lb. ; do, Belgian, id. to Is. 3cf. do ; Tomatos, English, 4rf. to 61. per lb. ; do., Jersey, SJrf. to 4.;. do. ; Currants, Red, /». to os. 6rf. half sieve; do.. Black, 5s. to 5... 6ii. ; Gooseberries, Is. 6d. to 3». ; Cherries (English), 4s. 9d. to 6s. 9,/. per half sieve ; do., foreign. Is. 6f/. to 2s. per b.askot; Raspberries, ISs. to 20s. per cwt. ; Pine-apples, 2s. to 3s. each ; Mushrooms, Sd. to 9(f. per lb. ; Peaches .and Apricots, 8t£. per box. Spitalfields : AuguH 4.— Quotations:— Cabbage, 4s. to 5!. 6d. per tally ; Scarlet Beans. 4s. to 6«. per bushel ; Broad Beans, is. 61. to 3s. 6'. per bag : Turnips, 3s. to 3s. 6i1. per dozen biniches : CaiTOts, 5». to 5j. 6d. per saok ; Beetroots, 2s. per dozen ; Onions, English, 5s. to 5s. f rf. per cwt. '; Marrows, 6s. to ,>;.<. per tally; Cucumbers, 2i. 6rf. to 3s. per •^■^^en. J ^^^ Stratfobd: Aihin I 5 —Quotations : -Trade has been good and brisk throughout the week. Mangolds are much in demand. Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. 6rf. per tally; Cauliflowers, 9rf. to Is. per dozen ; Beetroot, 3s. to 4.i. per dozen ; P.arslcyl Is. 6rf. to 2s. per dozen ; framed Cucumbers, Is. 6rf. to 2.s. i\d'. do.; Beans, Scarlet, Ss. to 9s. per bushel; Pc.xs, Green, 3s. to 5». per bag ; Marrows, 5s. to 7s. 6.'. per tally ; Gooseberries, 2s. to 2|. M. per half-sieve; Currants,' Black, fis. to Os. 6rf. per half-sieve ; Currants, Red) 3«. to 3«. 6d. per hulf-sieve; Tomatos, Guernsey, :ii/! to 3J per lb. ; do. , English, 3s. to 4.5. per dozen lb. ; Pears. English, 3s. to .5s. 6rf. per sieve ; do., 2s. 6rf. to 3«. per half-sieve ; Plums, 2". '.id. to 4s. do. ; Turnips, 60s. to .SOs. per ton ; Carrots, household, 2s. to 2s. 6d. per dozen bunches ; Mangels, old. Is. 6d. to 2s. 6rf. per dozen ; Onions, Portuguese, 5s. 7./. to 7s. per case ; do., Va'encia, 5s. to 6s'. per bag; do., Egyptian, 3<. 6rf. to 4s. do ; Apples, English, 3s. to 5s. 6d. per bushel. Fabr[ni:don : Aug. 6. — Quotations : — "abbages, 5s. per tally; Beans, Rrnners, 5s. per bushel; Peas, 8«. per bag; Carrots, 2s. 6rf. per dozen bunches; Tiirni|is, 6.?. do. ; Mar- rows, 7s. per ta'ly ; Mint and Parsley, 4s. |ier dozen bunches ; Lettuce, 2s. per score ; Sage, .3s. 6rf. do. : Tomatos, English. is 6/. per dozen pounds ; Grapes, English, Is. 3rf. to Is. c>,f.. per pound ; rivims,Orleans, 5s. 6(;. per half-bushel ; Gisborne Plums, 3s. 6d. do. : do.. Blue, 4k. 6 1. do. ; Peari", Windsor 4s. per half-bushel ; .\pples, Suflield, 2s. 6rf. per half-bushel| 5s per bushel. HAY. A vemges.— The following are the averages of the prices at the metropolitan markets during the p.ist week :— Clover, prime, 65.?. to 00s. ; do., inferior, 3Ss. to 60s. ; Hay, best, 60s. to 87s. ; do., inferior, 30«. to 55«. ; Mixture, OOs. to 84s. ; and Straw, 26s. to 38s. per load. Enquiries. " He that questwrteth michslicUl learn mifcft." — Bacon. AsPABAQUs. — In his directions for growing Aspara- gus, Cato (lie i-c ruHica, c. 141) advises using sheep's- dung only, for every other sort produces weeds. Is that borne out liy our experience of English .sheep ? Columella recommends the use of ashes. FoRMALDEuYDE.— Has any reader of the Gardauvs' Chronicle experience of the use of Formaldehyde as a preservative of botanical specimens, either fresh or dry ? A/nui. to hrrccjpondenfci Pakksian Roses : Pomona, Layer the long shoots at intervals of 1 foot, securing the shoots with strong wooden pegs and slightly covering with soil at those points. Begonias Diseased : W. C. The rustlike appear- ance in your Begonias is due to a small white mite, a species of Tarsonymus. The mite is so small and active that it is very difficult to observe it with the naked eye. Mr. Massee has stated in our columns that injury from this mite is very quickly followed by the presence of saprophytic fungi, hence this effect is often mistaken to be the cause. Kill the mites by spraying with tobacco solution, or fumigate the plants moderately upon several successive occasions. Blackthorn as Stock : Pumona. You might work on it other Thorns, Bullaces, Damsons, and Medlars, but it is not a good sort of stock, growth being very slow. Books : A. T. Mij Gardenei; by H. W. Ward, pub. lished by Eyro & Spottiswoode, contains much information about the cultivation of the commoner species of bulbous plants. Clematis : Pomona. Almost any of the strong-grow- ing species would make stocks on which to graft Clematis varieties. Florist Business in an Australian Colony : T. II . /?. If you will send your postal address, we can put you into communication with a person who has been in business as nurseryman, Ac, at Sydney, and is willing to impart some useful hints. Gesnera : G. B. Send better specimen. Names of Plants : Correspondents not answered in this issue are requested to be so good as to consult the following number. — Hendfrson k Sons. Cassinia fulvida. — .7^. B. We cannot undertake to name varieties of florists' flowers. — U'. 1, Erigeron speciosus ; 2, Mentha piperita var. ; 3, Veronica spicata ; 4, Tritonia crocosmiflora ; 5, Tanacetum vulgare ; 6, Gaillardia aristata. — J. V The double Pomegr.inate. — S. S. 1, Inula dysenterica ; 'J, Galium verum ; 3, Mentha arvensis; 4, Crepis biennis ; li, Stachys Betonica ; ti, Agrimonia Eupatoria. — H'. D. 1, Abies brachyphylla ; 2, Cupressus (lieliuospora) pisifera ; 3, Saponaria officinalis ; 4, Veronica spicata ; 5, an Aster, not recognisable ; 6, Acanthus spinosus. — //. P. a, Corn us sauguinea variegata ; B, Viburnum Opulus ; c, Hypericum, not recognised ; d, Hypericum Androstemum ; k. Kerria japonica; F, Phillyrea media. — /•'. H. Olearia Haastii, New Zealand. — .A. P. L. ] , Monarda didyina ; 2, Panicum plica- tum ; .3, Xylophylla latifolia ; 4, Fittonia argy- roneura ; fj, Hieraciumaurantincum. — IF. P. Teu- crium fruticans. — S. L. 1, Next week; 2, Rei- neckia carnea variegata ; 3, Abutilon megapotami- cum ; 4, Hibiscus Cooperi ; 5, Pellionia Daveau- ana ; 6, P. pulchra. Seedling Carnations: li.II. Your white Carna- tion is pretty, the petals smooth, and calyx good. The flowers sent, however, are not large, but some- what thin. The qualities you claim for it should con- stitute the variety a useful one for the border where it would give an abvindance of blooms for cutting from.— t'r»nia' Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office 41 Wellington Street Covent Garden London W C Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbury. Aqnew, ft Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefria^. OitTo" London |-nth!countrot Sleser and n^^^^^^ Harry Gili.ard Cote, at the Office, 41, WeUington Street. Parish of St, Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County,-SAT^DAY, A^guTt ?, 1896. Agen^fTr Lnch^sfer^jJkrHKVwJ^D No. 503.— Vol. XX, f Thibd \ Sebies. SATUEDAY, AUGUST 15, 1896. [Regt. as a Newspaper. Price 3d. Post-free, 'ikd ' CONTENTS. Bee pest, a IS'" Book notice — The Flora of the Alps 190 Biirbaiik-Plum, the, and iMr. Burbank 100 Bums as a Hower poet... l8l Carnation pests at the Cape 192 Cedara, the Harrow Weald 186 Eel-worm, some experi- ences with the ... 193 Eucbaris plants at Brcu- try Gardens 1S7 Eucryphia peninnatifida 1S8 Florists' rtowers — Carnations and Pico- tees 186 Forestry- North American Coni- fers in Germany ... 187 Formaldehyde and its uses H'y Fruit crops, remarks upon the 183 Galinsoga parviflora ... 194 Grape, Madresfield Court, at Clandon Park 193 Hyacinths, some new .. 18:1 Kew notes 182 Melons, diseased ... l'**J Obituary — Nicholas Funck ... 192 Orchid notes 183 Orchids, the Solly Hill collection of 10:t Peaches as open air .stan- dards .. ■ 19-1 Plants, new or note- worthy— Adiantum nialallense 182 Campanula Zoysii ... 182 Rose, the new hybrid Tea, Morjorie 1:^8 Runner Beans as an article of food 194 Seedsmen's liability ... lt»3 Sociotiea— British Pteridological 190 Cardiff Horticultural 198 Clay Cross Flnral and Horticultural ... 193 liOicester Horticultural 196 Royal Horticultural ... 194 Royal Scottish Arbori- cultural 197 Viola Conference ... 1U7 Stock-taking 192 Violas l^r. Week's work, the — Flower garden, the ... ISS Fruits under glass ... 1^9 Hurdy fruit garden ... 188 Kitchen garden, the ... I8;i Orchid houses, the ... 18S Plants under glass ... 1 8U ILLUSTRATIONS. . Campanula Zoysii 1S3 Eucharis plants at Bcntry Gardens, We«tbury-on-Trim isT • Plum, the Burbank ■ 192 Grapes, Madresfield Court, as grown at Clandon Park... 193 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imperative that all Copy for Advertisements should be received BY FIflST POST THURSDAY MORNING at ihe latest. , • j i Better the Seeds-Better the Crop. ALL SEEDS tor PRESENT SOWING, NEW, OWN GROWN, and of the HIQHE3T E.XCELLENCE. HCANNELL AND SONS would be much • pleased to send LISTS and full particulars. It should be remembered that our DEFIANCE CABBAGE is certainly the best, and should be in every Garden. Won ■ numerous 1st Prizes.— SWANLEY; KENT. - - - - - - , Table Plants. DRAC^NAS, CROTUNS, AR'ALIAS, COCOS, QEONOMAS, &c. . Handsome Plants for Table Decoration, B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nunaries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. BOX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled ; obtained highest award for Begonias ezolusiTely at the Temple Show. Exhibition, June till Sep- tember, at West Wickham Nursery, near Station, Mid Kent ■ S.K.R. A visit solicited.— JOHN R. BOX, Croydon. ENRY RIDES, Salbsman, Central Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt oaah. H BEAUTIFUL WHITE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS. To insure an abundance of bloom at this season, ROMAN HYACINTHS should be potted up at once. By this early planting, large sii'l well-Hovered spikes can be obtained, which are so valuable for Christmas decoration. Messrs, SUTTON AND SONS, the Royal Seedsmen, Reading, are executing orders at 10s. Qd., Ut., and 3l5, per 100, according to the size of the bulbs. For full particulars of these and other winter and springfloweriog Bulbs, see SUrrON'd BULB CATALOGUE for 1896. beautifully illustrated. SUTTON'S BULBS GENUINE ONLY DEREOT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, READING. OW is the TIME to PLANT GAILLAR- DIAS, Pyrethrnms, and other Hardy Herbaceous Peren- nials.—Catalogue of KELWAYandSON, Langport, Somereet. RCHIDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immeDse stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. Ad iD9pec(ion iDTit«d. Iilu8trat«d Catalogue post-free, Victoria and Paradise Nurseriea, Upper HoUoway, Londoo. N. DICKSONS HORTICULTURAL MANURE. — Specially and most carefully prepared for Vines, Plants, Fiuit Trees, and general garden purpocea. Price, 17s. 6(2. per cwt., carriage paid. Also supplied in smaller quantities, DICKSONS, CHESTEB. ENT, THE GARDEN OF"eNGLAND.— STRAWBERBIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture. QEOBOE BUN YARD & Co., The Boyal Nurseries, Maidstone, beg to intimate that their New Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may b« had poet-free on application. The largest and best stock in the Trade. Important to Moshroom Growers. Cuthbert's specialite mushroom SPAWN, Always alike ; most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, bs. B. ASD O. CUTHBERT, Seed, Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgate, N. EtUbUshed 1797. STRAWBERRIES, all the leading sorts, in pots now ready for planting, 125. 6d. per liO. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts. ALM SEEDS. — PLANT NOW.— Just arrived, Kentias, Coryphas, Pboeaiz. Cocos, Sea- forthias, ftnd others. lOO in variety, to name, free. 2a. 6d. 600 for lOf. Price to the Trade on application. HOBLS AND CO.. Conservatories, Finchley Road, N.W, BEGONIAS of the newest and most superb type, including many rare varieties, 'Double and Single, for Oonserratory or Bedding. See B. R. Daris' Descriptive CATALOOUE, free. A handsome coloored plate of Six Double Varieties and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for \s. B. R, DAVIS, YeoTil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. THE NEW FUCBSIAS advertised at page 121 of the Gardeneri* Chronicle are now all in flower. An inspection is invited. i WILLIAM BULL. F.L.S., Establishment for New and Hare Plants. 636, Kng's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W, . Ferns -Fern a. SPECIAL OFFER to the TRADE.— Pteris tremula, criatata. serrulata, compacta, alba lineata, _ bastata, oretica. argyrea, Mayii, and Lygodium japonica ; good thick Stuff in thumbs ready for repotting. Price per 100. ia«. : per 1000. £5 10».— R. FENGELLY, Nurseryman, Dyson's Lane, Angel Boad, Upger Edmonton, N. WANTED, Henry Jacoby and West Brighton Gem GERANIUM CUTTINGS, this month, by the 1000 or 100. HARRISON BROS., Nurserymen, Cockerton, Darlington. ANTED, a few CLOCHES (French Bell Giftsees), for Nursery Purposes. Please state price and sixe to WM. PAUL and SON, Waltham Cross. LARGE PALMS & DECORATIVE PLANTS. Immense stock. All sizes np to 20 feet for Sale or Hire. Inspection Invited. Prices on Applioation. B. S. WILLIAMS AND SON, yiotoria and Paradise Nur- series. Upper HoUoway, Londun, N. BARR'S AUTUMN F L O W E R sT Plant during July or August to flower this Autumn, liarr's beautiful and rare anecies of Crocus, Meadow Saffrons, White Lily of the West Wind, Yellow Lily of the Field, &c. Descriptive LIST on application. BARR AND SON, 12, King Street. Covent Garden. London. Tbe NoTBerimen, market Gardeners, and General^ HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION, Limited. -Offices, 1 * 2. King Street, Covtnt Garden, W.C. Chairmm, HARRY J. VEITCH. Manager and Secretary, ALEX. JAMES MONRO. STRAWBERRIES.— A fine collection of the best varieties can be supplied. Orders thould be booked now. Descriptive CATALOOUE post free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, Sawbridgeworth. SK for the CHEAP BULB and PLANT CATALOGUE from J. M. STIGGELBOUT AND CO., Wholesale Bulb Growers, Texel and Hillegom, Holland. Telegram Address: -''Stiggeluout, Texel." SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for LIST, free, P.MoARTHUR,The London Nursery, 4. Maida Vale, London,W. CARNATIONS,— My List of Surplus Carna- lions and Picotees is now reaiy, containing all proved new varieties up to date, post-free. CHARLES K. WHEELER, Bramley, Guildford. STRAWBERRY PLANTS.-Sir Joseph ' Paxton, 1-yr. transplanted, strong, 3r. per 100, POULTON, Ash Vale, Aldershot. WANTED, "KERNER and NATURAL HISTORY of PLANTS." parta, or bound. Offers to— U. E., eo, Rugby Road, Brighton OLIVER'S Complete, in EUCHARIS, strong and clean, in 32*8, some throwing upflower-spikes, 30j. per doz. Winter- floweriug CARNATIONS. in48's, splendid stuff, 12s. doz. BOUVARDIAS, in 4S's, extra busby, IO5. per doz. Samples and names on application.— WALSHAW and SON, Scarborough. DUTCH TULIPS-DUTCH TULIPS.— DUG VAN THOL, scarlet, 1000, 16«. 6rf., 100, 2s. ARTU8, red, 1000, 20j.. 100, 2». 3d. GLORIA MUNDI, yellow. 1000. 2H. M. 100. 2». id. LA CANDEUR white, 1000, 211. id.. 100, is id. Apply for price of other Tulips to B, VBRDOES. 2, Marlborough Road, Upper HoUoway, N. -- - - Choice Vegetable Seeds. FOR AUTUMN SOWING. H, AND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • Special Quotations for their fine Selected Stocks of CABBAGE, TURNIP. LETTUCE, ONION, RADISH, and other SEEDS suitable for AUTUMN SOWING, which will be found very advantageous to Purchasers. Also fine samples of WHITE MUSTARD, and Sowing RAPESEED, at moderate prices. SESD GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. IOLAS.--VIOLAS.— VIOLAS, strong healthy Cuttings, post-free. 25 in 12 Beat Distinct Varieties 2t. 60 in 25 „ 3s. 8i/. 100in;50 ■ .. 6s. Seed from a Collection of over 50 of the Best Varieties, id. and Is. per packet. WILLIAM POTTEN, Camden Nurseries, Cranbrook. Kent, Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocns, Lilies, &c. CCx. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to — Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 26, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars. E.C. N.B.— Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builderi. • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M Government, Admiralty Dept., War Dept., Royal Hort. Soc, Royal Botanic Soc., Parks and Public Buildings, Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road. Chelsea, S.W. Telegraph Address "HortulanaB,London."Telephone, No,S72^ 178 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. [AnonsT 15, 1896. SALES BY AUCTION . ■WEDNESDAY NEXT. DUTCH BULBSDUTCH BULBS Mr. J. O. STEVENS Bega to annonnce that hi8 FIRST SALE OF THE SEASON will take place at his Great Booms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 19, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, and will include a Splendid Collection of Choice llained HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, And Other Bulbs in Variety; EARLY F0KCIN6 NARCISSUS and LILIUMS. A Consignment of well-jytrown PALMS, from Belf^ium ; A Collection of STOVE and GREENHOUSE, PLANTS, Sec. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. MONDAY and THURSDAY NEXT. DUTCH BULBS. SPECIAL TRADE SALES. DUTCH BULBSDUTCH BULBS SALES BY AUCTION, Nearly every day, from the Middle of August till the end of December. MB. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he has now completed negotiations with eeveial of the most prominent Nurserymen ia Holland to Continuously Supply his Sales, during the coming season, with only really First-class Bulbs, of the best quality. A supply of Catalogues can be sent on application, Friday Next. By order of Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co.. Soathgate, N. GRAND IMFORTED ORCHIDS. FOR SALE WITHOUT THE LEAST RESERVE. Comprising : — CATTLEYA WALKERIANA, in fine order; C. CRISPA, L^LIA ANCEPS, &c. Also, CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Comprising : — CATTLEYA GBANDULOSA VAR. SCHOFIELDIANA, fine varieties in flower. CATTLEYA HAREISONjT! VIOLAOF.T:, in flower. CYPRIPEDIUM CHABLESWORTHII, strong plnnti, sliowing flower ; C. BELLATUM ALBUM L.ELlA AIFTUMNALIS ALBA, L. X CATTLEYA GUATEMALIENSJS, very rare'; and other choice plants. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and t)8, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, August 21. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale'and Catalogues had. Friday Next. Ten cases of various IMPORTED 0RCHID3, received direct for unre-erved sale. Also 640 EPIDENDRUM VITEL- LINUM MAJUS, good plants, and about 60 lots each of CATTLEYA CITRINA and CATTLEYA LABIATA. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their Sale on FRIDAY NEXT, August 2) . On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had, Friday Next. 198,000 CORYPHA AUSTBALIS SEEDS just received, in splendid condition. For sale without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their ORCHID SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, August 21. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. The LoDglands Noreery, Sldcup. GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Preliminary Notice. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Gregory and Evans to sell the above on the premises on WEDNESDAY. September 9. Detailed particulars will appear next week. The Ulll Lane Nursery, Cheshunt, Herts. IMPORTANT SALE of thousands of WINTER-FLOWERING HEATHS, FERNS, CARNATIONS, and ROSES, by order of Mr. E. Rochford. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION on the premises, on THURSDAY. September 10. Full particnlars will appear next week. Vf ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will XtJL sell by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rojms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, F.C., on MONDAY and THDR3DAY NEXT, August 17 and 20. at Twelve o'clock each day, large consignments cf NAMED HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS, together with white ROMAN H'l ACINIHS. and paper-white NARCISSUS, received direct for Unreserved Sale. These early auctions have been specially arranged in lots to suit the Trade and other large biiyers. The Auctioneers will be pleased to enter the names of in- tending purchasers on their permanent lists who may desire a regular supply of Catalogues for these Sales —Auction Rooms and Offices, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C. N.B.— The Sale on Monday next will also include SO.CCO Double Von Sion Daffodils, all selected bulb?, in the finest possible condition tor early forcing. To be offered in large Trade Lots. The Avenue Nursery. Bexley Heath. SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of thousands of W INTEB- FLOWEBING HEATHS, FERNS, CARNATIONS, ROSES, and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Messrs. P. H. & J. Cooper. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION on tlie premises on FRIDAY, September 11. Full particulars will appear next week. Birmingham.— Dutch Bulb Sales. MESSRS. THOMAS JAMES and DA VIES will commence their SALES of DUTCH BULBS on THURSDAY NEXT. August JU. at half-pist II o Clock, at their Sale Rooms. Temple Street, Birmingham. Catalogues post-free. Commissions carefully executeit. T. J. AND D. receive Bulbs of only first-ctsMs quality from reliable Growers, the roots being sound and true to name. The Auctioneers have supplied some of the largpst Gardens in England, and results have all proved satiiifactory. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! JOHN COWAN & CO., Ltd., Call very special attention to a CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS, which they are preparing, and which will be reatly for (Jistribution on Saturday the 15th inst. Copies will be sent, post-free, on application to the Co., THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. WANTED, to RENT, a small NURSERY, with COTTAGE. — Fall particulars to NURSERY, aardeners' Chronicle Of&ee, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED to RENT a GENTLEMAN'S KITCHEN GARDEN, with glass. Near a;»tation and large town. State all particulars.— J. T., ll, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOR SALE, on South Coast, SMALL NURSERY, about 300 feet of Glass. Incoming. £80. D. O. T., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. OLD-ESTABLISHED SEED BUSINESS for SALE. Id good Business Cdotre. Sto^k and Fixtures at alow valuation.— Q., Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 41. Wel- liDgton Street, Strand, W.C. FOR SALE, excellent SMALL JOBBING NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. Good position ; good connection ; same hands twenty years. Six-roomed House and Shop. A going concern. Would sell as it stands. Full particulars and price on application to N., 3. Station Buildings, Wightman Road, Horn'^ey, N. HADLEIGH, SUFFOLK. — TO BE DIS- POSED OF, the Lease, Goodwill, Stock in Trade, and Glass Erections, &q., of above NURSERY, comprising about IJ acres of Land, convenient DWELLING HOUSE, Packing and Potting Sheds, SEED SHOP, and Fittings. Lease about nineteen years unexpired. Rent £27. No other Nursery within several miles. Price £160. Apply to — WILLIAM BADMAN, Cemetery Nursery, Qravesend. To Nurserymen and Flortata commencing Baalneas. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam, the favourite neighbourhood for Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on eaey system of Purchase, or to be LET on Lease. For full particulars, apply to Mr. FREDK. G. HUGHES (Surveyor), the Estate Office, Hampton-on-Thamee. LONDON, S.W. (8861).— A high-class and lucrative FRUITERERS and FLORIST'S BUSINESS for DISPOSAL. Noble shop, emceptionallv well fitted. Held on lease at a rental of £1:J3. Turnover £140 per week ; large profits. Price for fixtares, stock, horses, vans, &c , £^00. \|IDLAND COUNTIES (8862). — In a XtX flourishing town, a thoroughly genuine FRUITERER'S and FLORIST'S BUSINESS. High class trade. Large shop; excellent position. Takings over £50 per week. Price for stock, fixtures, horses, and carts, £700. Full particulars of PROTHEBOS & MORRIS, Auctioneeir, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C. BARGAIN.— TO be SOLD, SPAN GREEN- HOUSE, 12ftx45tt. Good as new (opening and shutting gear to roof and side lights), properly framed together, perfecu for re-erection. Also PLAIN SADDLE BOILER. 48 in. X 21 in. X ii in., and fittings good as new. Site required for Building Pnrpojes. Box 110, BATES, HENDY AND CO., Beading. TO LET a SMALL NURSERY, close to Station.'Address S. A., Primrose Nursery, Fordham, near Soliam. q^O BE LET, HOUSE with spacious SHOP. JL Corner position. Opening for Greengrocer. Rent, £iO. —Address, OWNER, 9, Great James St., Bedford Row, W.C. ''PO FLORISTS, &0.— TO BE LET (from -L Michaelmas), in splendid situation, in Midland Town, SHOP, DWELLING-HOUSE, and half-dozen GREENHOUSES. Apply to J. COLE, House Agent, Bedford. SMALL NURSERY TO LET, or SELL. Seven Greenhouses, &c.. Six-roomed Cottage. Old-estab- li'-hed Business, large Stock and Goodwill, only £100. Genuine affair. Rent moderate, on Lease. WILSON, 149, Markhouse Road, Walthamstow. MUSHROOM FARM TO LET.-3i acres. Mushroom House. 270 feet by 80 feet; Office, Sorting and Weighing-house, extensive and well-ventilated Compost Shed, and Tool-house. Every facility for raising large crops under cover. Bight-room Dwelling-house. Stables, and Coach- bouee, Fowl-house and Runs. Orchard and two large Gardens well stocked with Fruit. Rent, £75. -JOHN RAWLINGS, Rawesville, Richmond Road, Kingston-on-Thames. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Hohticul- TTBAi. Market Gardeu and Estate Auotioneebs and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton- fltone. E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on applioation. RliOW, Florist, Bristol, will sell his patent, • Flower-pot, for £10.000; sample 6d. Dome bottom, Self-draining ; praised by judges ; purchased by gardeners. FOR SALE, cheap ; room wanted, — About 200; CATTLEYA TRIAN.E in 4S's, in good condition, and other ORCHIDS. Also 8J0 CALLAS. flowered two years in 3-3 s. and 300 two years In 48'fl, — G. * W. HAYNES, Nurseryman, Hamley, Dartford, Kent. CARNATIONS.— The latest French varieties, and best English Exhib'tion Selfs and Fancies; well- rooted plants. Full LISTS on applioation.— Apply — GAMDENER, Keevil Manor, Trowbridge, Wilts. Primulas. Cinerarias, and Calcjolarias. HCANNELL AND SONS have these in just • the condition to give the greatest satisfaction and together with our perfection of variety, what a life and charm they would give wherever well grown. Seedlings, 2s. per doz,; in pots, 4s. per doz. SWANLEY. FERNS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS I— (TRADE):— Ferns, in 2J-inch pots, Stove and Green- house, 30 best sellingsorts, I2f. 100 ; ditto, large, in 48's, 10 best selling sorts. Qi. doz. ; strong seedlings, 65. lOO, bOs. 1000 ; Adi- antum cuneatum, in 48^8, for cutting, Qs. and 8s. doz. ; ditto* formating large plants quickly, 16s. and 20j. lOO; Cyperus, Aralias, Grevilleas, Rhodanthe, Geraniums, Fuchsias, and Heliotropes, in 48'8,6s. per doz. ; Marguerites, Mignonette, and Cockscombs, in 48's, 8s. per doz. ; Ficus, Palms, Draceenas, Crotons, Pelargoniums, and Hydrangeas, in bloom, in 48's. 12<. doz. ; Listsfree. Packed free. Cash with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughborough Junction, London, S.W. CHRYSANTHEMUM GUIDE AND CHBTSANTHEMUM ALBUMS. I have a few of these valuable works left, and will send A copy of each, post-free, 2s., or separately. The Guide, 8 stamps, the Album, 18 stamps. Both are invaluable to Chrysanthemum Growers. H. J. JONES, Byecroft Nursery, Lewisham. ORCHIDS - ORCHIDS. Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable prices ; many large specimena and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDBOBES A SPECIALT7. Please Write for List. lAMPO rVDUPD EXOTIC nurseries, JAlVllio Lirnlilv, Cheltenham. AroDST ir,, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 179 ODONTOQLOSSUM LONDESBOROUQH- lANUM O. MADRENSE, LMLIL PEDUNCULABI8. and L DATAKA. All fine imported plants, in grand condition, 2s. «d., 3». M., 5«., and 7j. M. each. W. t. LEWIS AND CO., Southgate, London, N. Blaze Of Flower. IT has frequently been said, if I could grow ZonaU like Mr. Cannell, I wou'd have a glare like him all the winter. We are sending free, full particulars and a List of varieties, with prices. Just what to do. Now is the time to commence. Bs per dot. ; in 5 in. ia». per doi. H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley. To the Tride BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer a very • extensive and unusually well-ircwn Stcck of ERICAS (Hyemalisand the other varieties) ; EP.»CRtS. S0LANUM3. QENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, DOUBLE WHITE PRIMULAS, BOUVARDIAS, of sorts ; API ANTUM CUNEATUM, and other FERNS- PALMS, in valiety; GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, ASPARAGUS PLUMOSU.S. STEPHANOTI', DIPLADENIAS, FICUS KLASTICA, CEOTONS, TREE CARNATIONS of sorts ; TEA ROSES in pots ; BORONIAS of sorts ; VINES in pots, &0. An inspection is invited. Trade Catalogues forwarded on applicition. The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on Tuesday, September 15 Burnt Ash Road Nurseries, Lee, S.E. NURSERYMEN'S HOUSES. See New Lists, showing blocks of HouEes as erected In different places. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow them, apply to SANDERS, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutee from St. Pancras. Suitable for Plants, Vines, Tomatos, Chrysanthemums. Made of the best materials. Woolwork, and Ironwork com- plete, painted twice. 21-02. English Glass. A lirst-class House in every respect can be seen erected in nearly every county. Sent out so that anyone can erect them, as every part is fitted correctly ; all screw and bolt-holes made. See Testimonials from well-known people. Cash Pbicks. Oarbiai^^e Paid. Long. Wide. £ s. d. \ Long. Wide. £ s, d. 60ft. X r2ft. ... 25 0 0 60ft. X 15ft. ... 32 10 0 100ft. X laft. ... 45 0 0 I 100ft. X I5ft. ... 55 0 0 BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 73. SPAN-BOOF GARDEN FRAME. PIT t 6 ft. by 4 ft., painted and glazed ... 13/6 each. LIGHTS) 6 ft. by 4 ft., uiipainted & unglay.ed 6/- ., GREENHOUSES FOR AMATEURS. No. 47a.— 10 ft. by 1 ft. I Well made, Painred. ( £x 10 (i No. 4flA. — 10 ft. by .S ft, ) Gla^i».i.';:CarriaeePaifl t 10 10 0 No. 76. MELON & CUCUMBER FRAME. 4 ft. by 6 ft. 8 ft. by 6 ft. ... £1 15 ... 2 15 12ft. by eft. l«ft, by 6 ft. 4 l.i No. 77.-VIOLET FRAME. Sfeat by ifeet, I Qfkr. similar to N'o. 'tf>, with two tigbta. f Ov/Oi on Orders of 408. value to most goods stations in England and Wales; also to Dublin, Cork, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. CARRIAGE PAID W. J. GODFREY, EXMOUTH, DEVON. EXHIBITIONS. MAIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ANNUAL SHOW on THURSDAY, August 13, 1896, at St. Ives Place. Entries close August 6. CHA8. A. VAKDY, Hon. Sec. INGSWOOD, ST. GEORGE, and WEST GLOUCESTERSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. . ANNUAL SHOW Of FLOWERS. FRUIT, VEGETABLES, and HONEY, On WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1S96, Will be held (by kind permission of the Misses and Messrs. A, E. and R. H. Stone) in the Grounds attached to the Vicarage at Kiogswood, near Bristal. Over £a;o Frizes. Silver Cups, open to all Amateur Competitors. Band of the Bristol Artillery Volunteers (by kind permission of Col. Ord), and the Band of the Kingswood School. GRAND DISPLAY OF FIREWORKS. Electric Trams pass the Entrance Gates. Prices of Admission:— 1 to 2 P.M., 2s. : 2 to 4 l'..M., 1.'. ; 4 to 7 I'.M., M. ; after 7, for Bands and Fireworks, Sd. Children under Twelve half-price up to 7 p.m. F. H. JULLION, I „ g A. W. COTfLE, 1 """• "*"''■ RIGHTON SUMMER SHOW, August 25 and 26. £200 in CASH and SEVERAL HANDSOME PRIZES. Entries close August 19. Schedules and particulars of — THE SECRETARY, 87, Western Road, Brighton. ILLESDEN GREAT SHOW, AUGUST 27, 28, 29, 31. Patrons : The Duke and Duchess of Teck. Fifth year. Class D., open competition to Nurserymen and Gentlemen's Gardeners, for Groups, Table Deooratiocs, and Cut Flowers, Dahlias, Asters, Zinnias, Pansies, Roses, Grapes Peaches, Apples, Tomatos. Potatos. Entries close Friday, August 21. Schedules and Entry Forms of Mr. BADGER, Qeteral Manager, 14, Grange Boad, London, Middlesex. O A N D Yi B~E DFORDSHIRE. TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SHOW. THURSDAY, August 27, 189?. Plants, Flowers, Fruit, Table Decorations, Vegetables. Corn, Roots, Dogs, Poultry, Pigeons, Rabbits, Cits, and Cage Birds, Honey, Butter, &c. PRIZED, £i60, including Prizes of £12, £3, £il, and £3 for Ten Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Live Stock entries close August 8, 1896. All other entries close August 19, lH9ii. Bands:— Royal Horse Guards (Blues), and Bedford Orchestra Band. Secretary. E. T. LEEDS-SMITH, Sandy. Assistant-Secretary, EDWARD SILLS, Sandy. NEW CALLAS or ARUM LILIES. All 7nu8t, and willj welcome these varieties^ as beiny the finest and Dwst valuable acquisitions of recent years. ** THE GODFBEY CALLA'' is equal to the old variety in size, but excls it in whiteness, and is of much dwarfer habit in growth. The spatbes are protlnofd earlier, aud with RTeater frt-edon), and require less heat to exiaod. They hare also a much morerehoed appearance, ** DEVONIENSIS." — Nearly all Arum ^^rowers have had experience with Little Gem, and with very few exceptions disappointment is the result. Little Gem only blooms occasionally, and the spathes, althouf^h very pure, are too flat in form, and have a wilted appearance. Devoniensis is of the same dwarf habit, but the foliage has more substance. The spathes are very freely produced, of the purest white, aod of perfect form. The size is about half that of the ordinary Calla. For floral work this variety can be used where others would not be admissible. These Callas are more fret- flowering than othirs, are whiter, and of better i"r m, Plants, IOp. 6cI. each. Orders now btlDg booked. Trade price on appllcatlOD. B A T H AUTUMN SHOW WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, August 2J and 37. l8t 2nd. .3rd. £10 £7 £4 £.1 £3 £1 £i £1 £.i £3 lOJ £i £i £1 £i £< £i £1 £1 £i £■-• AmOQRbt the Prizes offered are (or : - 12 Foliage or 6 Stove or Greenhouse Plants 6 Stove or Greenhouse Plants 6 Orchids Group of Plants, not le&s than 1(0 tq. feet ... ii Fuchsias Collection of Fruit, 12 dishes 8 Bunches of Grapes, 4 varieties And 5 other Classes for Grapes in varieties. PriTies in proportion. Entries close Friday, A ug. 21. For Schedule?, &c, , apply to— 2. Northumberland Buildings. B. R. K. PEARSON * (,„_ Bith. W. .lEFFEBY, s ^^^- ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY, Royal Aquarium, Westminster. EARLY EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUMS. DAHLIAS, GLADIOLI, Ac, on September 1,2. and A next. Schedules of Prizes from— RICHARD DEAN, SecreUry, Ealing. London, W. FOWLER^S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER. — It is easily applied, is instant destruction to both Insect and ova, and does not stain or injure the foliage. la Bottles, U., 25. Qd., 5j.. and lOi.— CORRY & CO., Ltd., E.G. Sold by all Seedsmen. HEATING ! HEATING!! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY Undertake the complete erection of HEATINO APPATtATTTH for GKEENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILEKS, PIPES, and CONXECXIOM'S in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and mo8t approved claas, including the Patent HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS; CAST-IRON SADDLE, witu WATERWAY-END, &c.; VENTILATING GEAR AND VALVES. AWARDED THE ONLY COLD MEDAL t^e INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 1892. ror HOT-WATER APPLIANCES. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, 1«. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. Telegraphic Address— "HOT- WATER, London.' Telephone. No. 4763. 180 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AuousT 15, 1896. MUNGO CHAPMAN, late of Easter Dud- dio|(9ton Lodge, Mid-Lothian, begs to intimate to his friends and acquaintances that he retires from his present situation on the 20th of the present month. He has arranged to leside at St. Ninians, near Stirling, where he intends to commence the Cultivation and Sale of Hard; Plants on his own account. With the experience gained during twenty-four years in the management of one of the most choice privat* collections of plants to be found in the British Isles— that of the late Charles Jenner, Esq.— Mr. Chapman can confidently undertake to supply what is select and true to name of the most suitable plants for Borders and Bock-work. He hopes to be able soon to issue a Plant Catalogue, from which customers may make their own selection. In the interval, he will be fully employed in getting up Stock. May 19, 1896. PRELIMINARY OFFER. BEST BULBS FOB EARLY FLOWERING. CARAWAY & CO. OFFER ;— ROMAN HYACINTHS, 4J-inch and upwards, I3s. U. per 100. ,, ,, smaller 10s. flrf. ,, PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS 6s. DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS 6s. DOUBLE VAN SION DAFFODILS, first size, imported bulbs 6s. 6d. ,. For delivery in August. DUC VAN THOL TULIP, Scarlet ARTUS „ i L'lMMACULljlE " /^»- '^- P" l"" ' ^ ''• ^°^- DUCHESS of PARMA „ WOUVERMAN „ ,' CHRYSOLORA „ 6». per 100 j 1'. 3d. per dozen. Second-size HYACINTHS, in distinct colours, unnamed Us. Orf. per 100. Named ditto, our selection 18*. 6i First-jize HYACINTHS, the best quality, and first-class varieties 4j. to 9s. per doz. NARCISSUS, CYNOSURE 3s. 6d. per 100. PRINCEPS 6s. For September delivery. All orders over 6i. carriage paid. 33. In the £ discount off all Bulbs for " Cash witli Order." CATALOaUES ready in August. CARAWAY & CO., ""'SJi^toWirt^oi""*"- RETABDED LILYOFTHE VALLEY CROWNS!! Write for Prices to— T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DERSINQHAM, NOHFOLK. DAFFODILS & TULIPS (BRIGHT C3I.0nRS>. EARLY and LATE FLOWER I Nq SORTS. "ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK" Of Thirty-tv70 Octavo Pages, Giving complete history of the Tulip and its introduction into England, &c., by the late John SLiTEB, of Lower Brough- ton, near Manchester, a Tulip name eo famous sixty or seventy years since. Nearly 150 sorts to select from, some varieties scarcely ever offered before. The book, -which is entered at Stationers' Hall, is full of interest to lovers of " old-faahioned flowers." With Daffodil List for 1696. Price 6d.. post-frer. WM. BAYLOR HART LAND, DsHodil and Tulip Grower, Cork, Ireland. DUTCH BULBS. PRICE LISTS Of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, ftc, FREE on APPLICATION, for SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS. Apply to— S. A. VAN KONIJNENBTJRG & CO., NOORDWIJK, HOLLAND. raStFERNSM A large quantity of Small FERNS, nice bushy stuff, ready to pot on, or for decorative purposes, in 2J inch pots : Pteris cristata, nobilis. major, and tremula, at 9s. per 100 ; 600 and upwards, at 8s. fid. PTERIS CRISTATA and SERRULATA CRISTATA, plants, at 4s. Qd. per dozen. Above prices are for cash with order. Packing Free. An Inspection at the Nurseries is Invited. fine B. PRIMROSE, BLACKHEATH NURSERIES, ST. JOHN'S PARK, BLACKHEATH, S.E, CARTER'S Bulbs FOR EARLY FORCING. White Roman Hyacinths, very large bulbs, price 21s. per 100 ; 3s. per dozen. Large bulbs, price 14«. per 100 ; 2s. per dozen. Large Flowered White Narcissus " Parity."— The in- dividual blossoms are half as large again as the ordinary Paper White. Largest bulbs, price lOs. Qd. per 100 ; Is. Qd. per dozen. Double Roman Narcissus.— Largest bulbs, price 65. M. per 100 : Is. per dozen. Easter Lily (Lilium Harris!).- Magnificent bulbs, price 18s. per dozen; S«. each. Fine bulbs, price 10s. Qd. per dozen ; Is. each, ALL CARRIAGE FREE. SPECIAL PRICES FOR QUANTITIES. See CAETER'S NEW BOOK on BULBS, containing many photographs of the Beds of Bulbs supplied by Messrs. Carter to the Royal London Parks, and taken by special permission ot Her Majesty 8 First Commissioner of Works. Gratia to intendinff Customers. Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. THE QUEEN and H.R.H, THE PRINCE OF WALES. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. BEAUTIFUL ORCHIDS!! ORCHIDS!! Ten different Specimens post-free. Send 205. Postal Order. W. DANNE, TELOK BETONC, SOUTH SUMATRA. BULBS FOR FORCING and PLANTING. WM. PAUL & SON Beg to announce that their CATALOGUE of the above, for the present season, is now ready, and will be sent, post-free, on application. EABLY WHITE BOMAlf HYACINTHS and other Early Bulbs, of the bejt quality, are now ready for delivery, and the General Stock of all Roots is excellent. EARLY ORhERS ARE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS August 15, 1896.] THE GABDENEBS' CHEONICLE. 181 ESTABLISHED 1832. No Connection with, any other Firm of the same name. l^B CATALOGUE for 1896 OF DUTCH CAPE and EXOTIC BULBS (WITH CULTURAL LIRECriONS) Is NOW READY, and will be sent, Post Free on application to themselves direct at OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLL AN D, OR TO THEIR GENERAL AaENT:-, Messrs MERTENS & CO. 3, CROSS LANE, LONDON, E.G. THE YOKOHAMA NURSERY GO. LIMITED, Nos. 21-35, NAKAMURA, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN. The Largest Exporters and Growers of LI LY BULBS, CYCAS STEMS, DRIED CYCAS LEAVES, DRIED EHLALIA PANICLES, MOSS, SEEDS, TREES, SHRUBS, &c., Produced in Japan. DESCRIPTIVE CA TALOGUES sent mi application. THE (ianlfurrs'^hronicle. SATVEDA7, AUGUST 1.3, 1896. ROBERT BURNS AS A POET. FLOWER- TN this special capacity Burns has been, it -•- seems to me, almost ignored. Even Lord Rosebery in his recent great "Centenary" eulogiums of the most gifted of lyrical singers, at Glasgow and Dumfries, did not speak of the poet's remarkable felicity when singing of the unobtrusive, yet exquisitely beautiful flowers of the shadowy woodlands, the waysides, and the fields. And yet Burns was one of those rare spirits who could have deeply sympathised with Wordsworth when he sang: — " Thanks to th.at human heart by which wo live, Thanks to it's teudorncss, its joys, its feari;, To me tlio incauest flower that blows can give Thoughts tliat do often lie too deep for tears." Nor could he have failed to discern the beauty of such a memorable passage of Words- worth as this, which, notwithstanding its deep, tender significance, is, I greatly fear, unknown to most readers of the High Priest of Nature :— " The Daisy, by the shadow that it casts, Protects the lingering dew-drop from the sun." This was entirely in the manner of Burns, the very kind of conception, far-reaching in its moaning, and intense in its sympathy, the tonder-soulod Scottish singer would, in his tiaest moments of inspiration, have written himself It is not marvellous that ho who wrote those memorable passages which I have quoted from his works could also have said of bini whose early death he mourned so doeplj', when placing upon his grave an imperishable wreath of fondest affection : — " Neighbours we were, and loving friends we might have been." I can imagine that both Wordsworth and his poetic follower, Matthew Arnold, would have agreed with me in thinking that the ''Daisy '' of Robert Burns, with all its combined sweetness and power, is the grandest flower- poem that has ever appeared. There is a remarkable floral passage in Milton's Lyiirhis ; another of equal impressiveness — as I have previously indicated — in Arnold's T/iyrsis, one of the noblest elegiac strains ever given to the world. Shakespeare has some tenderly-musical passages on flowers; Keats, Shelley, Byron, Coleridge, and Tennyson, have occasionally very beautiful floral inspirations. Thomas Gray has told us in his Elegy written in a country church- yard, which I visited not without an accompani- ment of emotion last year (for are not both the poet and his sister buried there ?) — -that " Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. And waste its sweetness iu the desert-air ; " but is there any one flowei'-poem existing that can make any approach to ''The Daisy" of Burns in soul - reaching tenderness or iu manliest strength ^ I can say of this inspira- tion and its influence ujwn my memory, as ho s.aid of the parting-scene with his much- loved Highland Mary: "Time but the impression 182 THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [August 15, 1896. deeper makes, as streams their channels deeper wear." Burns would have been entitled to poetic immortality, and the eternal reverence and gratitude of all lovers of Nature, had he never written any other poem save this. Let any of my English readers who have not read this profoundly- touching impro\'ization, do so without delay, and they will understand my enthusiasm. How powerfull}', in the terminat- ing stanza, it predicts his early death ! *'Eveu thou who mourn'st the Daisy's fate, That fate is thine, no distant date ! Stern ruin's j'loughshare drives, elate. Full on thy bloom, Till, crushed beneath the furrow's weight Shall be thy doom ! " Song was his nature rather than his art. As the tree of the forest, at the suggestion of spring, puts forth its delicate leaves, so the nature of Burns, at the touch of tender passion, blossomed into song. His "' sweetest lays are thooO that tell of saddest thought ; " from amidst the golden sunlight of present inspira- tion they cast the shadow of a prophetic sad- ness far into the future. How noble in its meaning of Christ-like sympathy the identi- fication of his own destiny with that of the meekest and lowliest of flowers ! He often finds relief for his very despair in the passionate expression of hia mighty strains. His pent-up grief for a love long lost suddenly becomes musical and imperishable in " To Mary in Heaven" (in which there is a floral passage of incomparable beaut}') — the most tender and touching of .all his lays. His world-embracing love, arising on the tearful wings of pity, broods sadly over the fate of the unconscious Daisy ; commiserates the emotions of the wounded hare, and imprecates in language too frequently forgotten, "man's barbarous art." Though, like AVordsworth, he loves to hold communion with the fairest forms of Nature amid the solemnities of the mountains, the weird murmurs of the forest, where — " Fragrant Birch and Hawthorn hoar Twined amorous round the raptured scene ; " or the deep-toned monotony of the echoing shore, his soul was not a star that dwelt apart, for his was that spirit of gentlest sympathy which thinks evermore of the hopes and fears, the sorrows and s.addening destinies of humanity. " The clouds that gather round the setting sim Do take a sober colouring from an eye That hath kept watch o'er man's mortality." And hence, thanks to that great human heart by which he lived ; thanks also to those passions which gave him all his weakness and more than half his jjower, his poems must always profoundly appeal to the noblest emo- tions, to the fairest s}'mpathies of men. And potent indeed for good must be the influence of his song, who coidd not pass by a wounded hare without feeling the infinite pathos of com- passion urging him onwards to mercy and tenderness ; or a humble flower of spring without a lesson to his fellow-creatures on the sublimity of the smallest of God's creations I Jhti'id R. WilUnmson. New or Noteworthy Plants. ADIANTr.M (HEWAUDIA) MALALIENSE, Jcnm., n.sp* Tnis is a very interesting plant, of a totally different luibit to the others of the small section Hcwardia, which hitherto has contained only three species, all * Aif-iitutf.^a {tli'iiardia) 7natalU"Sc, JeDlu,, n. sp. — Root- Stick prostnito, repout, closely, biserially knotted, clothed with densely imbricated bruneous fine sc.iles ; stipites erect, seri.al, not articulated, an^iiar, ultimately bare at the from Guiana, and all growing together where this was found. I do not include A. dolosum, Kze. (A. Phyl- litidis, J. Sm.), which, too, grows with them, for, as Mr. Baker has said, a pair of veins fortuitously anas- tomosing, give it no just right to inclusion. The plant was discovered by Mr. Ward, who, with the exception of two or three black men who claim that lineage, is the only Scotsman in this department. He came upon it'at the gi-eater Malali of the Demerai-a River, the " Great Falls " of Water- ton's delightful classic "Wanderings;" which Falls, though few white men or women have seen them, are known to almost every man, woman, and child, throughout the wide world who speaks Waterton's tongue. Malali, I should have said, means, in the par- ticular Indian tongue, a waterfall. The habit of the new species is exactly that of A. Kendalli, Jeum.. of Jamaica, but difl'ering, of course, in all other charac ters. Q. S. Jenman, Demerara. CAMrANDLA ZoYSH.* Our illustration (fig. 32) of this charming little alpine was taken from a. plant exhibited by Messrs. Earr & Son at a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. It was drawn by Mr. Worthington Smith, is of the real size, and shows the tufts of obovato, rather thick, green leaves, from the midst of which the flower-stalks rise. The flowers are of a light blue colour, and, as is commonly the case with alpine plants, are large in proportion to the plant. The shape is different from that of any other Cam- panula we can remember, the tube beiug somewhat angular and flask-shaped, contracted at the throat, and with five short, triangular, connivent lobes. The inner surface of these lobe? is studded with hair.5, and, as seen io the section, the stamens, which are imlike those of most Campanulas, are short, and occupy the bottom of the flower-tube, whilst the style (which is glabrous) is as long .is the flower-tube, aud the st-gma closely invested by the inflected seg- ments. An insect visiting the flower would, there- fore, have to push aside these segments, would be more or less obstructed by the hairs on their inner surface, and would come into contact with the stigma. If that iusect h,ad just come from another flower, it is most probable it would be dusted over with poUeu, and that pollen would now be deposited on the stigma. It is not at all unlikely that other flowers of this plant might be provided with long stamens and short styles as some Primroses are, but we can only speak fi'om the facts before us. Insect agency in any case is clearly probable, but it is sin- gular, under such circumstances, to find the pollen gr.ains smooth, as they were observed to lie by Mr. Worthington .Smith, .and as .shown by him in the figure. This circum3t,ance, together witli the cha- racters of the stamens and style, suggest the occasional possibility of close-fertilisation and even cleistogamy. In the young state the flowers are pendulous, becoming erect as they grow older. The plant is a native of the Austrian Alps, and is reported to be difficult to cultivate. M. T. M. KEW NOTES. Pterisantues POLiT.i.— Pterisanthes is a genus of about six species of olimbing or sarinentose plants, very closely allied to \'itis. It is remarkable in the form of its inflorescence, which is flattened like a knife- base, nigrescent, brightly polished, above freely maty, tonien- tose, G t J 9 inches long ; fronds stiUly erect, a span or more long and broad, bipinnato. very dark olive-green, subcorii- ceous, n.iked, except ou tiie rachis and costw, which are densely rusty-furfuraceoiis, consisting of a terminal pinnate portion (with an entire ovate-lanceolate .and acuminate tcr- tnin il segment, much like the contiguous lateral ones), and with one to three similar basal, horizonUally-spreading, pinnate branches, usually of lesser size, but otherwise exactly con- form to the terminal pnrt ; pinnules li to .'i inches long, half to three-quarters of an inch wide, oblong-lancci )l;itc acuminate, obliquely rounded at the sessile or shortly-stijiita'c ba.se, the inferior side of wliich is very shortly cut away, bidentato, the teeth apprcsscd in the faintly-serrate groups ; veins fine, close, very oblique, repeatedly forked, freely anastomosing, excvu-rcnt : sori oblong along the upper and lower edges, divided every quarter of au inch or so by the primary iniasions of the margin. • * Campanula Zoi/sii, Wulf. in .T'ac^. ColUct. ii., 122 ; J^i.cqu'm Icijil., 334; RuMc,-. FIfii: Jlurop,. i; Sdirui, Flora, vi., 22; Oardai, October 10, 1S05. under the name C. Loreyi ; Reichenbaeh, Fl. Onmav, 10, 1610. blade, with the male flowers borne singly on stalks at intervals of about an inch along the margins, and the females sessile and scattered about the surface of the flattened blade. The berries are about the size of Peas, and are black when ripe. Some of the species have pedate or trifohate leaves, and are very similar to Cissus. P. polita has lately been introduced to Kew from Singapore, aud it is now in flower in the stove. It has quick-growing soandent stems, cordate-glabrous leaves about 5 inches long, the margins toothed. The flower-rachis is a sort of modified tendril, the lower portion being red, 4 to 6 inches long, by an inch in width, quite flat aud membranous, the irregular form and leg-like arrangement of the male flowers bearing an odd resemblance to a flattened lizard. Although not a plant that would win the approval of a floral committee, it would interest the botauically inclined among horticulturists. The best of the species is P. cissoides, which has a rachis 2 inches wide. There is a good figure of this species in Linncea, IS, t. 8. DiSCHIDIA BIRSUTA. This is the third species of Dischidia that has been established at Kcw, the first beiug D. bongalensis, a climber, with small fleshy grey-green leaves and minute green flowers, for many yeiars an inmate of the Palm-house ; the second is the remarkable D. Ratflesiana, which, in addition to its orbicular leaves, produces numerous pitcher-like organs 2 or 3 inches long, inflated aud perforated at the base with a small hole, through which adventitious roots sometimes, find au entrance. The Kew example of this species has developed about twenty new pitchers this year. D. hirsuta is quite distinct from these two in its slender wiry stems, its orbicular fleshy leaves, with irregular surface, and its axillary clusters of blood-red flowers, which are tubular, nearly halfan-inch long, and not nuliko those of a miniature Hoya. There is a healthy example of this species in the stove at Kew, , where it is grown on a short stem of tree Fern, and ♦' has been in flower for some weeks. Sir .Joseph Hooker says, "The species of Dischidia all want careful study. The leaves change in form, aud it is not ascertained in respect of many species, whether they may or may not be converted into pitchers." There are about twenty-four species, all natives of the tropics of the East. MaMMBA AMERICANA. The Mammea Apple or American Apiicot is a well- known fruit tree in the tropics, where it forms a tree about 50 feet high, with leathery oblong evergreen leaves, white sessile flowers about the size of the flowers of the Tea plant, and very large fruits, the pulp of which is sweet and aromatic, and is eaten cut into slices and steeped in wine, or made into preserves of various kinds. The seed is as large as a lien's egg. Although long cultivated at Kew, it is now flowering for the first time in the Economic-house there, the plant being about 10 feet high and growing in a large pot. Some t>f tho flowers have set for fruits. Accord- ing to a note in a list of the economic plants culti- vated in Jamaica, the wood of the Mammea, which is remarkably durable and resists damp, is beautifully gr.ainod. The bark has astriugent properties and is used for dressing sores. A liouor known as '■ Crume des Creoles,'' is distilled from the flowerj in JIartinique, aud the fruit is russet-brown when ripe, and has a peculiar odour. It is said to often .attain the size of a child's head. MOBiEi ROBINSONIANA. The giant Iris of Lord Howe's Island has flowered with unusual freedom in the Succulent-house at Kew this year. It developed spikes in the spring, which grew to a height of S feet, and pushed latei'al brauches before the first flowei-s opened on May 21. From this date till August 5 fresh flowers were produced on every d.ay except eighteen, the number expanded ou each of the other fifty-nine days varying from four to 113. The total numberof flowers produced was 1666, an average of twenty-eight per d.ay. Tho flowers expanded in the morning, aud by tho following morning they were folded and withered. Each flower was about 3 inches in diameter, star-like, the seg- ments broad aud spreadmg, pure white, with a blotch of yellow at the baid of Cherries and Nuts. A. Maxim, Ucckjicld Place, Winchjicld. (To Of continufif). FOUL BROOD OR BEE PEST. KouL brood or Bee pest is the most terrible scourge of apiculture. It .spreads so rapidly by contagion in ii single sea-iun, that, unless precautions are taken, a whole neighbourhood may become affected, and the chances of successful bee-keeping therein will be seriously imperilled, if not utterly destroyed. Foul brood is caused by a rod-shaped micro- organism, called Bacillus aUei, which increases by splitting, and has, under cert lin conditions, the power of forming spores. It is important to note that bacilli are jiresent in the earliest stages of the diseise, but in the latest, when brood has become rotten and coffee-coloured, or has dried up to a scale, they turn to spores. These represent liie seeds of the evd, and retain the power <)f germinating into bacilli when in contact with a suitable nourishing medium at a proper temperature, even after the lapse of long periods. Thoy are eiulowod with wonderful vitality. Freezing and boiling', carbulic acid, phenol, thj'niol, huUcjUc acid, naplitliol bet*, percblorido uf niorcury, as well as creolin. lysol, euca- lyptus and naphtUMliiie, wliich evaporate at the ordinary tompcraturn of the bivo, prevent the growth of bacilli, but h;ive nn effect on the sporea. From tliis it will bo soon bow ^rcat is tlio dilliculty in curing foul brooi, unless the disease 14 attacked in its earliest ooodit ons. When stocks are fuvuid weik, working languidly, very slightly profit iblc, and swartninjj little, foul brood may bo suspected. If it is present, an ex.imin;\tion <"f the combs will show 6omo cells (in+ny or few) with dying or dead UrvHi in tbein ; others with |their covers sviuken or perforated, while the cylU of healthy brood are usually compact, and the grub* arc plump and of a pearly whiteness. When healthy, the young larvju are curled up in crescent- shaiKJ at the b:L>)e of tlie cells. On tlm other hand, if disea-scd, thoy will by found extended horizi>nt;illy in the cell, presout- ing a flabby appearance, and of a pale straw colour. As the/ begin to decompose, the colour changes to brown. They then dry up till all that r.-m iinsof them is a brown scile adhering to the side of the cell, Should the Inrvie survive until Ciip- ping takes place, a few of the cell cuvi-rs will be fouud hero and there slightly indented and darker in colour than those of healthy broi^d. The capped cells will be o'iserved in irregular patches and mostly perforated. On removing the capping, the contents will be seen to consist of a putrid, sticky, elasti.;, coffee -coloured mass, formed of the rotting larvfe. The bees do not seem to h.ivc the power to cUhh out the foul cells, and so they remain, spreading infection within the hive, until the stc)ck become.^ t"0 weak to defend its stores, when some neighbouring eoli>ny probtbly robs it, anil in doing so C'lrries away the seeds of diseivse and death, which arc thus spread, \mtil all the hives of a neighbnnrbood may bo fatidly affected. Hives in whicti foul brood exists give forth a sickly and uupleas;mt smell, and when the disease is of a malignant type and in a very advanced stage, the foul odour may bo froqviently detected even at some distance from the entrance. It should be noted thit cbilled brood must not be mis- taken, as it very frequently is, for foul brood. In the former the dead larvae turn first grey, and afterwards become nearly black (never brown, as with fnul br>oil). The larvae, dead from cold, are also generally removed by the boes, but they Seldom attempt tj carry out tho^o which have died from disease, vinless disinfectants to arrest decomposition are used. Adult as well as immature bees suffer from the peat, but these leave the hive to die. Experience has plainly s'h^iwq th it with foul brood— ;is in all epidemic diseases — the weak, si-kly, and badly-nourished are attacked, and become centies "t infection to othor.i. So it often happens that as colonies become weak, bees from healthy hive'* rob tbem of their honey, and thus carry off the germs of the dieeasa along with their ill-gotten gains. Another verj' import;int point is that the bee-keeper Ki:\y himself be the means of spreading the pest by indiscriminately manipulating, first diseased, and then healthy hives, without taking proper precautions to disinfect himself and his appliances. Combs which have contained foul brood ret.i n the spores The queen lays eggs in the cells and the workers deposit their houty and pollen in them. Both honey and pollen in this way become vehicles for the transport of the disease to the larvje in the process of feeding by the nurse bees. Under no consideration should infected hivea or combs be kn(»wingly expose i to the visits of bees. Carelessness iu this respect may work immense mischief to neighbouring stocks and apiaries. In cnloavouring to get rid of foul brood, efforts must be made to raise to a high standard the lowered vitality of the hues, which first enabled germs of the disease to get a footing. This will be effected by keeping only strong stocks, with young and prolific queeas, and good wholesome food, com- bined with cleanliness and proper ventilation. Foul brood is so extremely contagious that it is advi.sable at all times to adopt preventive measures against infection. Xaphthaline in balls is generally used for this purpose ; two i.f these, split in half, being t^ie proper dose. The pieces aro placed on the floor-board of the hive in the corner farthest from the entrance. The tempenature of the hive causes the naphthaline to evaporate, and it must be, therefore, renewed as re<:iuir''d. All synip used for feeding should also be medicated with niphtbol beta. When the bee-keeper has been in contact with diseased stocks, clothes, appliances, and hands must be washed with carbolic soap, and other articles disinfected by spraying with a solution uf one ounce Calvert's No. 5 carbolic acid in twelve ounces of water. It was formerly thought that honey was the only source of infecti'Hi, so that, if bees wore starved until they had got rid of the h'liiey carried by thera from the diseased hive, a cure would be effected. It is now kunwn that the starvation method, good as far as it goes, has always failed from the fact of its not being supplemented by disinfection of hives and appliances. When the disease is discovered in a weak colony, the destruction of bees, conibs, frames, and quilts, tngether with a thorough disinfection o! the hive, is by far the best course to pursue. The spores aro thus annihilated, and the source of infection removed. If, on the contrary, the colony bo stiU strong, the bees may be preserved by making au artificial swarm of them. They should then be placed in a straw skep and fed on syrup of which three gndn^of napbtUol beta have been added to every jKtund of sugar used, the naphthol beta being dissolved in alcohol and added to the syrup while still warm. The infected frames, combs, and quilts should then be burned, and the hive disinfected by being either steamed, or scrubbed with boiling water and soap, and then painted over with a solution of carbolic a<^id (ono part of Calvert's No. 5 carboUc acid to two parts of water). When the smell of the disinfectant has disappeared, the hive will be ready for use. The bees must be confined to the skep for forty-eight hours, by which time all honey they may have taken with them will have been consumed, and such of the bees as are diseased will Lave died off. Those remaining should then be shaken from the skep into a clean framediive furnished with six frames, fitted with full sheets (f comb-foundation, and must be fed with medicated syrup lor a few days longer. The skep used as their temporary home should be burnt. In order to avoid chance of robbing, all such work as ia here described should be done in the evening, when ihe bees have ceased flying for the day. It may be added that in attempting remedial measures of the nature described, it would be desirable, wherever such help can be procured, to seek the advice of a competent expert, 4, U'kitehall PUm , Lo.idon, S.n'.,Juli/, IS'.KJ. VIOLAS. A SE.vs ENABLE and timely note appeared in your la.st issue in respect to the proposed trial at Chiswick of these increasingly popular plants. It has been proved thit failure iu their culture is due in the majority of instances to planting the wrong sorts and at an improper moment. But there is another point too frequently overloolced, and it is the undoubtedly cool- lovmg nature those Pansies have, and unless this is considered, and the beds or borders prepared accord- ingly, failure in some degree is sure to ensue. With very special care and attention after planting, and equally special care when planting. Violas may be flowered with fair success after spring planting. But you c mnot possibly get the best results from it. but lose more than half of the beauty and worth of Violeis in the garden. If they are planteil in their permanent positious during the first or second week in October, in soil deeply worked, and rich, the plants have the advantage of becoming established during the autumn months. Few plants are capable of providing so rich a display of blossom as Violas, and they are equally remarkable for diversity of colouring, ^'e^y important for the complete success of these plant^s, is that only freshly- rooted cuttings, and not divisions of the old stools, be planted, as the former are far more vigorous, beside being more compact. It is good practice, and par- ticularly so when heavy autumn rains are frequent after planting, that the surface of the soil be stirred at least once a week either with small fork or hoe^ When planting in lines, it is desirable to place the plants in a rather deep furrow, and as growth ensues, to earth the pUnts up with dry, well-rotted cow- manure, leaf-soil, and loam, in equal parts. This may seem a deal of trouble, but I have proved iti 18G THE GAEDENEBS' CHEONICLE. [August 15, 1896. efficacy. It has produced plants by the end of the year composed of a sjore or more shoots such as are usually obtained only in April or May. The late ]Mr. William Dean was a firm advocate of the earth - ing-up practice in autumn, mainly to encourage fresh growth from the base, and provide pro- teotiou. By planting in furrows, the operation is quite easy and simple. It was from Mr. Dean that I obtained the hint, and I could scarcely have credited that the results would have been so advan- tageous. Where beds on the lawn are devoted to Violas, the surface should be slightly below the lawn level, and flat, or nearly bo, in order that a thorough saturation of water may be given if desired. The present time is an excellent one for iuserting cuttiugs, selecting the freshly-made growths from the centre of the tuft, and not the old flowering stems or growths, which, by compari-on, are useless. A few old plants, if cut down at once, will quickly develop plenty of young shoots, which, if plucked out by finger and thumb, will in many instances have tiny roots already upon them. Insert these in a shady place in a frame, or behind a north wall, and as soon as rooted pinch the point of the growth out, to encourage breaking from the base. By allowing the cuttiugs a fair amount of sp.ace, compact plants will be available for planting in October, with breaks already issuing from the base. Plants of this stamp are much better than others with only a single leg to stand on. E. JaiKini, Hampton JItll. Viola, How Pronocnced. We have hardly got over the discussion which raged so freely re-spocting the proper pronunciation of the name Gladiolus, when another hare is started by a querist who at the recent conference at the Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, wanted to bo informed as to the proper pronunciation of Viola The somewhat atlected one getting into common use is Vc-ola, the "i" being pronounced "e," but soft. That is the style of the cult, who always seem to be fond of pronunciations of the mincing order. The querist in question wanted to know if using a plain English accent to Viola, we should be right in pro- nouncing an allied plant veolet. Now there are in common use twii pronunciations, Vi-o-la and Vio-la, the first syllable short and soft. The first is the old style, the latter, the later common style, whilst the per- version of the " i" into '• e " is presumably the new style. If Viola is to be regarded as a purely Latin term, then its pronunciation must bo governed by its derivation. If on the other hand we regard it as a purely vernacular term, such as Violet, Pansy, Datfotlil, &o., then should its pronunciation be governed by custom. That the term is not used in its botanical sense by raisers and glowers of Violas there can be no doubt, but ;t is by them regarded entirely as a common and well understood appellation. When, however, at a conference some two or three diverse accentuations are heard, there is wisdom in having the coiTect one made not only clear, but coost-antly employed ; even the most unleai-ned does not like to be caught in any lapsus limjwv. A. D. FLORISTS' FLOWEBS. » OLD CARNATIONS AND PICOTKES. It has been thought and said that the constant culture and propagation of a florist's flcjwer, and especially of a Carnation, leads to certain deteriora- tion and weakness of constitution ; whilst it has also been stated that the act of placing the plants under protection at the time of flowering tends to certain debilitation. It is diSicult to recognise these state- ments with the position of certain fine old varieties on the exhibition-stage at the recent Carnation shows. T.ake, for insUince, that fine old scarlet bizarre. Admiral Curzon, which was sent out in 1845 — fifty- one years ago — and which to-day, in company with its seminal offspring, Robert Houlgrave, shares the distinction of being the finest S.B. in cultiva- tion. The late Mr. E. S. Dodwell said of it, with much truth, that it is "quite seven times in ten the best flower of the exhibition." Its raiser, .Tames Millwood, of Derby, is long since de.id ; he sold the plant before it bloomed to Mr. E,asora, and it is therefore found in catalogues under the name of Easom's .Admiral Curzon, pink and purple bizarre. Sarah Payne has also been well shown this season; it Wiisseut out in 1847. It was raised at Wool- wich by one Ward, a veteran florist, and though regarded as a weakly grower, it yet survives, and is to be found in almost every collection. It almost invariably stands second, as Admiral Curzon does in its class— in any selection of P. P. B.'s. Mr. Dod- well testified to its repute by stating — "In its way, I believe, as with Admiral Curzon, it will never be surpassed." Next in point of age is Scarlet Klake Sportsman, a sport from Admiral Curzon, which "originated in 185.") in the collec- tion of Mr. John Hedderly, and like its parents, it went at one bound to the head of the class," where it still remains. This was shown in fine character, both at the Crystal Palace and at Birmingham, and took in both places all the leading prizes in the chvss for scarlet flakes. Cristi-galli, rose flake, though not shown so much this year as usual, was in good character at the Crystal Palace. This was raised at Uoyton, Lan- cashire, and sent out in 1873, has been in cultiv.ation twenty-three years. James Douglas, a superb purple flake, and one of the very best of its class, was sent out in 1876, and will in all probability be found in collections a quarter of a century hence. C. B. J. D. Hextall, still a very fine and leading variety, was sent out in 1874. There are some Picotees which date back for a number of years. One of the oldest is light red edge Thomas William, which lias been in cultivation some forty years, and is yet at the head of its class. Heavy red edge John Smith, sent out from Bradford in 1864, is also at the head of its class. Dr. Epps, another heavy red, raised at Dai-lingtou, has been in cultivation forty years, and is yet much grown for exhibition. Brunette, in the same class, dates back for some years ; so does J. B. Bryant, also heavy red, sent out in 1S74. This was raised at Huntingdon by the late Mr. John Ingram, though it does not rank nearly so high as J. B. Bryant .and John Smith. Heavy purple-edge Zerhna, one of the late 5Ir. Kobert Lord's teedlings, was sent out in 1876, and still holds a high position in its class. Heavy rose-edged Edith d'Ombrain was raised at Slough, and sent out in 1873 ; but it is now surpassed by such varieties as Little Phil, Mrs. Payne, Mrs. Sharp, and Norman Carr ; yet still grown, and has been seen this season in good character. Mrs. Payne, just mentioned, dates back to 1878. There must be good constitutional vigour in these varieties to have held their own through, in some instances, so many years ; they do it because they possess qualities of a high order of merit, and until they are eclipsed by others of superior merit, are in all likelihood to be grown for several years to come. R. D. THE CEDARS, HARROW WEALD. In the pretty and well-kept gardens of T. F. Black- well, Esq., which take a prominent place among gardens round London for the excellence of its fruit aud flower culture, the many specimens of Cattleya labiata Gaskelli.ana have well maintained the char- acter of the variety for beauty and freeness of flower. Some years ago a number of freshly imported plants were obtained, and every year since has seen them forming the chief show in tlie Orchid-houses, and every year each specimen produces more flowers than it did the year before, thanks to the skilful manage- ment of Mr. J. Dinsmore, the gardener at The Cedars, who has for so many years successfully managed the gardens and other matters included in his duties. For some considerable time past, the end and part of the side of the centre stage has been filled with these charming, fragrant Cattleyas, some of them bearing a dozen or so lar^je richly-coloured blooms. A few plants of C. Mendeli .are also with them, one white-petalled form being specially beau tiful : and about the house are well-flowered plants of Disa grandiflora, D. racemosa, Cochlioda vulcanica, Miltoniavexillaria, Epidendrum vitellinun, M. Roezli, Odontoglossum cirrosum, the pretty little O aspidorhinum, Dendrobium chrysanthum, and other Dendrobes, &c. ; while at the back rises a tall spike of the Dove Orchid (Peristeria elata), whch here thrives remarkably well. The Orchids are set up with Cocos Weddelliana, Caladium argyrites, Adiantum ouneatura, and the denser A. Pacotii ; and these ornamental plants are conducive to the health of the Orchids, as well as to their more elegant arrangement. In the stove-housos are large specimens of Ixoras in bloom ; TabernEemontana coronaria flore-pleno, plentifully covered witli flowers like small Gardenias ; Gardenia florida, and other flowering plants in gi-eat beauty ; while the roof is laden with heavy trusses of golden AUamaudas, rose-coloured Dipladenias, aud white Stophanotis. The lesser houses for decorative plants have good batches of Tuberoses ; a fine show of a splendid strain of Gloxinias — the third and last batch for the year ; a nice lot of the now-favourite Streptocarpus ; a fine lot of Calanthes, for winter flowering ; a pretty and useful lot of Dracaenas and Crotons, among the latter being Croton Ruddii, with large foliage almost of the size and form of Ficus elastica, but brilliantly coloured green, white and red. The handsome conservatory, built to harmonise with the mansion, has the exterior stone-work closely covered with Ampelopsis tricuspidata, which is always pretty when in leaf, and later in tho year will be bril- liant in its vinous red hues. The interior has the centre of tall Palms and Tree Ferns, fronted with Lilies, Vallota purpurea, .tc. ; the side-st.ages being arranged with a charming selection of flowers. In the back are many tall and graceful speci- mens of the yellow Crocosma aurea, a very fine plant for the conservatory. The corners are occupied by two show specimens of Statice profusa, a mass of bright blue colour above clear green leaves ; and around are splendidly-grown tuberous Begonias, Achimenes, &c. In furnishing the conservatory, Mr. Dinsmore aims to make an arrangement of plants — which will bear close inspection — and so dispose the plants that each one can be seen. In many- places the contrary is the rule, .and large quan- tities of very unsightly plants are crammed together, that the one m.ay hide the defects of the other, and when at its best such an arrangement is a sorry afiiiir. The old-fashioned bedding-out is not much affected at The Cedars, though in the garden outside the con- servatory there is a pretty arrangement with a large bed in the centre, bearing a vase filled with Dracicna australis and some flowering plants. Around it is a belt of flowering Cannas, then a band of white Mar- guerites mixed with blue Salvia patens, which looks very pretty : and then dark Coleus, white Violas, and Echeverias. Of the other beds, some of the prettiest are two of scarlet Begonias, mingled with yellow Violas, and two of variegated Pelargonium Flower of Spring, mingled with dark blue Viola. Running beside the flower garden is the herbaceous- border, covered with flowers on the Peutstemons, Gladiolus, Phloxes, Gaillardias, and other summer flowering pUants. At the b.ack the Cactus Dahlias are beginning to bloom, and among the dwarf plants in front, one ot the prettiest is Nemesii strumosa. Passing the great beds of Rhododendrons, which this year have had to bo liberally watered in order to assist the plants to make up their buds for next season, is the rosary, and walking beneath the large Cedars, we come to what is called The Wilderness, .and which is certainly one of the most interesting aud enjoyable parts of tho out- door garden. It was formerly rough ground, but Mr. Dinsmore has transformed it into a charming natural garden with gr.assy glades and winding walks ; rustic arrangements for Ferns aud climbers, and genertilly for the reception of any number of handsome shrubs and perennials, which will in a measure take care AuGUiT 15, 1896.] THE GABDEXEBS' CHBONICLE. 187 of themselves. These are supplemented with annuals foi- making summer show, and the effect is admirable even this year, when the heat has been so trying. Here the Golden EMer is very effective, the different species of Spiraeas pretty ; the Hollyhocks, Dahlias, and other sti-mig growing flowers'quite in their proper places, with their un- conventional burroundings ; and the Godetia.s. Salpi- glossis, Coreopsis, and other annuals very brilliant. Where possible, the origind iiihabitaut, the Bracken, is retained as an uudergrowtli, aud it has a very cool and pleasing effect. On one side are some large Camellias planted out, and of which some flower well EUCHARIS PLANTS BEARING THEIE THIRD CROP OF FLOWERS. Ix fig. 33 is represented a collection of Eucharis plants growing in the gardens of Mrs. Miller Brentry, Westbury-on-Trim. The photograph was taken in Xovember hist, and at that time the plants were pro- ducing a crop of flowers for the third time during the year. Upon twenty-two plants were produced about 1,000 flowers. A good example is this of the extra- ordinary flTiferous nature of this populir flowering jilant. As there were three distinct lots of flowers in the year, the g^u-dener, Mr. Osman, had no doubt Forestry. NORTH AMERICAX CONIFERS IN GERMANY. However backward we may be as a nation in forestry, we can still hold our own iu arboricultural matters. The truth of this assertion is the more convincing when we fijd Eni;l sh trees and introduc- tions referred to iu foreign literature. An instance of this may be found in a controver-y which has been giing on for some time in Germany between Hcrr tlooth. of the Flottbeck Nurseries, Hamburg, and several high authorities on forestry and forest science. FlO. 33.— EUCHARIS PLANTS Ai; BRENTRY OARDEXS, BEARIKG THEIR THIRD CROP OF FLOWERS. out-of-doors ; and at the other is a charming nook composed of the remnant of the old orchard, the fine old trees iu which, although of little use for fruit, are grand objects when in bloom. Fruits under gla-is have been generally gooi. The Orapes iu the new range, notwith^tinding the fact that the heat of the sun has destroyed most of the foliage, have never been better ; the Muscat of Alexandria, Madreslield Court, and Black Hambr.>, planted in 1S90, bearing line crops of bunches which would figure well on an exhibition stand. The Peaches aud Nectarines, both indoors aud out, have been, and still are, gooi ; the Melons are excellent iu ure at the will of thj cultivator, but we liave had occasion to remark that many collections so treated have fallen a prey to debility and disease. It is from this reason that many growers at the present time keep their plants in a moderate stite of growth throughout the year. Probably no greater advocate for the trial and plant- ing of exotic trees can be found in Germany than Mr. Bojth, and his eS'orts have been so f.ir successful as to have been the means of numerous experimental clumps of intrialuoed trees being planted iu the State forests throughout that country. Many forest autho- rities in Germany, however, contend that the rapid growth of these trees in Europe minimises their value as first cla^s timber producers, and that from a purely economic point of view, they are little, if at all, supe- rior to Europcin trees. The difference of opinion on this point is not, however, confined to Germany, and an article * by Foi-st-assessor Bohm of Eberswalde, on an iuvestigatiou on the quality of the wood • Zeitschrift far Forat und JagdiceHn for July. 188 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 15, 1898. of these German - grown trees, together with some samples of Douglas Fir grown iu England, are of interest to those who regard these trees as the timber producers of the future. In his examination of the European-grown woods, Herr Bohm compares them with specimens taken from trees cut in the natural forests of North America, where naturally the conditions of growth are slightly different to those under which the other- (probably specimen trees) were grown. This fact minimises the value of the results considerably, for nothing alters the quality of timber more than these ever-varying conditions of growth. The great difference in the quality of the American and that of the European-grown woods now under discussion, lies in the narrow annual rings of the former as compared with the broad-ringed wood of the latter. For certaiu qualities, such as specific weight, transverse strength, and general durability of the wood, the actual breadth of the wood-ring is of less importance than the relative breadths of its spring and summer zones. The broader the latter zone is, the higher are the above-named qualities in a par- ticular ring, but as a tree trunlc consists of a con- siderable number of annual rinc;s, the quality of its wood depends upon their uniformity ia this respect throughout the tree. For ceitain purposes, such as joicery work, this uniformity of texture is of the highest importance, and in practice, it has long been recognized that only nanow-ringed wood is suitable for this kind of work. Freedom from knots is a dr.slderatiun whatever the purpose may be for which the timber is used, and both this and the production of narrow-ringed wood is only attainable — in quick-growing trees — by a crowded condition of growth. Where strength and durability art the most important qualities, howevi'r, narrow-rings are of less consequence, and as building and estate timber generally, there is no good reason why these North American trees should not be as valuable as indige- nous species The species dealt with in the article, are those of which the experimental clumps referred to have been formed; and the Douglas Fir stands first on the list. The total area occupied by this tree extends to 1 44 J hectares, or over 350 acres, and so far, it is the niost promising species of any that were tried. The wood is described by Sargeut as " hard and firm, but varying greatly iu density and quality, and also in the proportion of heart-wof^d to sap-wood, accord- ing to the condition of growth. The lumber- man recognizes two varieties, know as 'red' and 'yellow' fir, wh.ich probably arise from the age of the tree, the former being coarse fibred and dark in colour, and not so highly valued as the yellow Fir." Mean specific weight is given as "olS". So far as this last-named factor goes, the European examples are quite as heavy as those from America, with the exception of the English-grown sections. The specimens of these latter show very broad rings, with little summer wood in them, and their specific weights are lower than any of the other sections mentioned. The locality from which they weri taken is not stated, but, iu any case, they cannot be considered typical specimens of plantation- grown trees, which alone are of use in this connec- tion. So far as the development of the summer- wood zone is concerned, we have seen trees in which the annual rings were composed almost entirely of summer wood (an example of which accompanies this communication), proving that in this re.spect English-grown wood, under favourable conditions, is quite equnl to that grown elsewhere. While Herr Bohm considers that only narrow- ringeil wood can come up to the required standard for the finer kinds of work ; he allows that the wood of this tree is, compared with the Scots Pine, closer in grain, of finer texture, and takes on a better polish than the latter, and is possibly stronger and more durable, which qualities are by no means to be despised, A.C. F. (To he eontinunii.') The Rosary. NEW HYBRID TEA ROSE, MARJORIE. Since the appearance of my article on Hybrid Teas in the Gardeners' Chronicle, this beautiful new variety, raised by Messrs. Alexander Dickson & Sons of Newtownards, has come into bloom. Its colour is as impressive as that of its sister Rose, Margaret Dickson, which it strikingly resembles from this special point of view. The flower, however, while equally attractive, is not so large, but has the advan- tage of being fuller in the centre, and more compact. The plant is also of considerably dwarfer habit, which I cannot but consider a great advantage, and produces a flower like White Lady, another Rose possessing similar attributes at the end of every shoot. It is unquestionably an exquisite addition to the rapidly- growing race of Hybrid Teas. It mere size were not so vastly over-estimated, it would be an admirable Rose for exhibition. David R. Williamson. blooms are few. Sobralias being strong-rooting plants should be given plenty of potroom, but it is not always advisable to re-pot them immediately they have filled their pots with roots, providing there is sufficient space for the young growths to come up freely. Plants that appear to require a larger pot may be given a liberal shift as soon as flowering is pat. Afford good drainage, and pot firmly, using a. compost consisting of rough fibry peat and sandy loam, and a small quantity of sphagnum-moss. After re-potting, water the plants with care, and when well-e;tablished, and the growths are vigorous, they will require an abundance. It is too early yet to remove the shoots that have just flowered : they should be left until the commencement of the winter months. The lightest portion of the intermediate- house suits Sobralias throughout the year. The elegant Platyclinis (Dendrochilum) filiformis is now flowering from its half-grown breaks. At this time an abundance of water must be given at the root, otherwise the growths will receive a check, and red- spider establish itself on the tender foliage. This charming species roots freely iu well-drained peat and sphagnum. Trees and Shrubs. EUCRYPHIA PINNATIFIDA, This South Chilian shrub, introduced some few years since by Messrs, Jas. Veitch & Sons, is now flowering freely here, as it has done for several years past iu succession. The flowers are white, but othei-wise resemble Hypericum calycinum in form and size. The habit of the plant, however, is quite different, the specimen here being upwards of 6 feet in height and 3 feet in diameter. It is gro\ving in a sheltered position here, but from the manner in which it passed through the severe frost of January and February, 1S95, I cannot consider it by any means a tender plant. The foliage is distinct and attractive at all times, ]V. II. Divers. Bclvoir Oast/e Crardens, Grantham. [See Fig. in Gardeners' Chronicle, Jan. 27, 1894, and August 22, 1891.] The Week's Work. Mr. Redfield'S Herbarium,— In our note on p, 102, upon Mr, Redfibld's Herbarium, we should have stated that the sum asked for it is 2000 dollars, and for the Fern collection 500 dollars. Owing to a clerical error, the dollars were represented as pounds. THE ORCHID HOUSES. Bt/'W. H. VftitTE, Orchid Grower, Barfovd, Dorkiiifj. MEXICAN-HOUSE, — In the division devoted prin- cipally to Mexican species, such plants as La3lia anceps, L, albida, L. autumnalis, L. rubescens, L, purpurata, L, acuminata, Cattleya speciosissima, C. Skinneri, C. Walkeriana, Epideudrum neraorale, E. atropurpureum (macrochilum), Odontoglossum citros- mum, Vanda teres, Luisias, &c., should be making considerable progress in their growth, and should receive plenty of water at the root. If these plants have only a small quantity of material in which to root, a good syringing overhead, if given during the afternoon of sunny davs, will be very helpful to them. Such species delight in a strong light and abund.ance of sun-heat at this period, and the house may be closed early, the blinds being drawn up at the same time, in order that the temperature may rise to 80' or 90°. During the evening the lower ventilations should be gradually increased, and on mild nights they may be left entirely open ; ventilate freely through the early part of the day, plenty of fresh air being very essential' to them. EAST INDIAN-HOUSE, — The majority of Cypri- pediums being in full growth, aflbrd them abundance of water at the root. .Shade from strong sunshine, or the leaves will soon assume a sickly hue. Some species, as for instance C. Schlimi, C. superbiens, and C, Fairieanum, resent the least amount of sun- shine, and it is well always to place a piece of tissue pupor above them whenever the blinds are removed. The same species suffer greatly if they become dry at the root. All hybrids of C, Fairieanum, including C. Arthurianum, C, Juno, C, Niobe, C, H, Ballautine, and C. vexillarium, need the same treatment, INTERMEDIATE-HOUSE.— The Sobralias have been one of the priniiial attractions in the Orchid-house for several weeks past. S. macrantha, S. xantho- leuca, S. Lucasiana, S, Princess May, IS. leuco- xantha, S. albo-violacei, the white S. liliastrum, S. Warscewiczii, .S. virginali?, S. macrantha alba (Kienastiana), and the pretty hybrid, 8. Veiichii, are all deserving of culture, and they produce a long suc- cession of handsome flowers at a season when Orchid THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. By G, WooDOATE, Gardciu-r, EoUeslon Hall, Burton-on-Trent. SUMMER PRUNING,— Continue the pruning of pyramid, espalier, bush, and cordon trained trees of Apples, Pears, and Plums, leavin,' sufficient shoots for extension, and for replacing worn out branches, on espaliers, and cordons. Remove any extra gross growing shoots, also cithers, if they are too thickly placed, and shorten all the remaining laterals to five or six leaves. Short sturdy growths, of 4 to 6 inches long, usually produce a fruit bud in the point of the shoot, and should be left intact. Those varieties of Apples mentioned on p. 7l!0, vol. xix., which produce fruit at the point of the preceding year's growth, will require the old fruiting-wood and the weakly growths to be cut out, after the fruit has been removed from the trees. But no stopping should be done. In the Ci>se of young trees trained as pyramids or bushes, it will be necessary to leave a few new growths, for forming additional branches, A great ditt'erenoe may be seen in the habit of varieties, and there can be no hard and fast line, as to the e.xact distance that should be allowed between the branches. The end to have in view is that when the branches are covered with spurs there may be a free circulation of air amongst them, and that the rays of the sun may be .able to reach the ground through the trees. As a general rule, which may be modified in cases of extra weak or unusually strong- growing varieties, when main branches exceed 2 feet from each other, secure a young shoot for forming another branch. Young treej of Apples and Pears trained as standards require similar treatment in regard to the formation of new branches. Prune the laterals back to five or six leaves for forming fruit- spurs, and leave the leading shoots intact until the winter. A perfect standard tree is well balanced, its branches evenly distributed, and covered their whole length with short healthy fruit-spurs. In gardens where there have been no heavy rains recently, all fruit-trees bearing crops should be given copious supplies of water at the root. The Apple crop is not a large one, therefore it is important that trees carrying many fruits should be well attended to. THE EliOWER GARDEN. Bi/ Hedlev Warren, Gardener, Astoii Clinton, Tring. EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS.— It will be safe, shortly, to proceed with the transplantation of shrubs or evergreen trees, particularly if the wea- ther be moist. In cases where this kind of work is likely to bo extensive, advantage has to be taken of the first favourable opportunity to commence. The early-lifted trees will then become partly estab- lished before the advent of winter. Trees that are to occupy shady positions should first be moved, as these will require less watering at the root and overhead afterward, and when these are done, cooler weather is likely to obtain ; but in any case early-lifted trees will require the soil about the roots to be kept in a perfectly moist condition. Evergreens may yet be pruned if this is necessary. If the gardener wishes to increase his own stock of Aucubas and other Evergreens, cuttings may now be put in, but we think it better to obtain them fi'om a nurseryman who makes a speciality of such things. Should cold frames be unobtain- able for the purpose, the cuttings can be planted in a shady position out-of-doors. Put them moderately close together in rows or narrow AnausT 15, 1896.] THE GAI?DE NEBS' CHBONICLE. 189 beds as is most convenient, and afterwards make the soil firm round about them. If the soil is not suffi- ciently moist, a good soaking of water should be given. FLOWER-BEDS AND BORDERS from which cut- tings are being removed, should be disfigured by gaps as little as possible. Remove all seed-pods or decaying leaves and stems. Tie out or peg down growths not required to be taken, and keep the beds in as good condition as possible. GRAVEL WALKS AND DRIVES. ETC., will re- quire to be rolled ou every favourable occasion, and it' weeds are showing, hoeing or other convenient methods for their destruction should be taken with- out delay. Mow grass walks and lawns, and trim the verges of same as often as is needful. HERBACEOUS BORDERS.— Sunflowers Phloxes, Scabious, Chr^'-santhemuui maximum, Campanulas, Geums, and luauy other species of plants, are now producing a wealth of blossom in these borders, and in order to keep the plants in good condition, they must receive thorough waterin£;s should the supply of rain be insufficient. Eryngiums (Sea Hollies) have again proved how well able they are to withstand severe drought. Most of the varieties are worthy of cultivation, but K. 01iverianum,E. amethystinum, and E. giganteum are the best, the last named are mo.-it effective if planted in groups, the bold foliage and pale grey heads of flower being then shown to advantage. BEGONIA WORTHIANA is one of the very best for bedding-out purposes. It has been gay the greater part of the season, and if the stock is of limited extent, it should be increased. Take off any side- growths, and insert them in liijht or sandy soil in pans or pots. Place them in a gentle heat, and they will soon form small bulbs at the ends of tlu shoots. They may be kept growing the greater part of the winter, and should furnish excellent plants for bcdding-o\it next season. Apart from its pleasing colour, the variety has a charming appearance, possessed by few other Begonias now in cultivation, and for pots or beds it cannot be too highly recommended, being in no way fastidious as to the soil or position in which it is grown. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. iJy C. Herr[N'. Gardener^ Dropmorc, Maid'^nJuatf. CAULIFLOWERS. — Seeds should be sown about the middle and towards the end of the month to furnish plants for stmding through the winter in frames and handlights to be planted out next spring. If two sowings be made at different dates so mucU the better. .Although in some gardens the sowing of Cauliflower seed in autumn has been discontinued since the introduction of tlie early forcing varieties for spring sowing. I prefer to sow a quantity in the autumn, for if handlights and frames are available through the winter, the labour arising from this method is really less than from early spring sowing. Select an open position in the garden for sowing the seeds, .and one where the soil is in good condition and there is no fresh manure required. Sow the seeds thinly, and by preference in drills about 9 inches apart. Good varieties for sowing now are Early Loudon and the dwarf Erfurt Mam- moth, and if space for wintering is forthcoming, a few seeds m.ay also be sown of Eclipse and Autumn Giant ; they will afford a useful succession to the preceding varieties. PARSLEY. — The weather has been much against the well-doing of this herb, and to encourage growth, watering has been very necessary. The present is a suitable time to lift a number of roots and dibble them into boxes of soil to reserve for winter use. Boxes about IS inches square and 6 inches deep are a useful size for placing later in Peach or other houses. Put a good layer of half rotten leaves in the bottom of the boxes, and fill up firmly vnth any moderately good soil. Lift the plants with care after they have been watered, and re-plant them about 3 inches apart in the boxes. The boxes may be placed in a shady position until the plants are partially established, but afterwards give them full exposure until severe weather sets in. A quantity of plants should also be transplanted into frames, if anj' are available, but first fill them to within S inches of the top with soil. The lights should be left oft' for the present, but afford a little shade until the plants are re-established. CUCUMBERS. — If pLants are required for plant- ing in heated pits or houses for autumn and winter use, seeds of a good variety, such as Tele- graph, should be sown forthwith. Sow the seed singly in 4i-inch pots, which may be filled two-thirds full of soil, the remaining space, with the exception that room for watering be left, to be filled up as soon as the plants need additional soil. To plants now fruiting, attention should be given frequently to the stopping and thinning out of superfluous growths. Owing to the hot weather that has prevailed. Cucumbers have made rapid growth, and for some time have been fruiting freely. The fruits should be removed from the plants directly they are large enough. MUSHROOMS. — It is time that preparations for the formation i>f early be^ls should be made. Shake out the droppings from the stables every two or three days, together with the shortest strawy litter, and if it is very dry ali'ord a slight watering through a moderately finerosed can Turn the manure over about ever}' other day until the heat has become moderate. The first bed may be made up in some shadj' position out-of-doors. If any old beds still remain in the Mushroom-house have them rem ived, thoroughly cleanse with a brush the inside of the structure. Allow the door and ventilator to remain open and when quite dry, the walls should be lime-washed and the woodwork painted. PLANTS UNDEK GLASS . By jNo. McIntvrk, (iardi W. Pope, Gardener, High^Ure Ca-Hle, Newbury. PEACHES AND NECTARINES.— If there .are any new houses to be planted, or any trees to be lifted and replanted in the older structures, preparations for the work should be commenced at once. The compost necessary for making new borders, or for reno- vating old ones, and for placing about the roots of lifted trees, is one of the chief requirements, and should be ready before any lifting is done. Large trees that may not have been lifted for some years, but are disposed to make too much late growth, require to be prepared for the operation of lifting, by taking out a trench around each tree at the distance of 5 or 6 feet from the stem, according to the size and height of the branches. After severing the roots extending beyond this, the trench may be again filled in until transplanting takes place, which may be done about the middle of September, or as soon .as the foliage of the trees gives signs of falling. Where the staple soil is fairly good, an passage in a " Hansom "on market morning — or even in the afternoons. Funnel-shaped Leaf of Cauliflower. — Colonel Eddingto.v obligingly sends us an excellent example of a fuunel-shiped leaf. The basal lobes in place of being separate remain in union one with the other .and form tlie funnel. We have rarely seen a more perfect example. The Selly Hill Collection of Orchids. —We learn that the fine collection of Orchids formed by Cii.vs. Winn, Esq., at The Upland.s, Selly Hill, Birmingham, passes in its entirety into the hands of Messrs. CharlesworTh & Co., of Heaton, Bradford. The collection embraces some of the finest things in cultivation, and notably a grand form of Cattleya Mossia; Reineckiana, the yellow and white Cypripedium callosura Sander.'e, and C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, the true C. insigne Sanderse, and another yellow form which is in the size and form of its flowers superior, it being the yello.v form of the C. iusigne Chantini class. It was named C. insigne Dorothy. The chief feature of the collection is the almost innu- merable hybrid Orchids, rai-ed by Mr. Winn, aud which includes a great number of fine and novel crosses, wiiich may be improved strains of well- known hybrids, brought about by careful selection of the best forms for crossini:, for it was always Mr. Winn's argument that rather than use any but the best varieties for seeding, a cross had better be left untried. The Hybrid Cypripediums raised at Selly Hill, on those lines, of the C. .x Leeanum C. x Lathamianum inversum and other showy types, are thus as much new plants to-day, from a florist's point of view, as they were when originally sent out. That Mr. Winn should give up the collection of Orchids which has been his chief pastime and plea- sure for so many years will be a surprise to many, but he is unahle to give the unremitting care to the work in the future that he h.as done in the pnst, and he therefore determines to part with the collection, as a whole, to those who make a business of the culture i»f such things, wdiile they are in their present condi- tion, rather than by neglect allow them to got into b.ad condition. "No Warranty Expressed or Implied."— How far the disav(»wal of resjMiusibility niav be a legal exemption to wholesale firms in regard to the correct definition and description itf seeds or other produce they supply is occasionally the subject of dispute aud litigation. The circumstances of a case bearing upon the jioint have just come to our know- ledge. It appears that a ret.iil firm A. ordered of a wholesale house B. a cpiantity of seed of a choice v.ariety of a certain plant. The seed was delivered and invoiced to X. .as the variety ordered, but when the .seed h.ad been distributed aud its cha- racter proved, instead of being of the choice variety, it was inferior, and not more than half as valuable as it should have been. A. having sold the seed, his customers are suing him fur damages. B. admits a mistake was made in regaril to the seed, but denies responsibility, on the ground that his firm uses the usual protective notice, and it is printed oneachinvoici . A. contends that B. did imply that the goods were true to name when B. invoiced them under that name. The question is an impjrtant one. Is C. liable to pay damages to ,\. for the mistake made .' and can A. recover anything for loss of custom he has sustained through it? Publications Received.— Botanic G.ardens, Grenada : JiiUhtin of M Ucdlancoiia Informutioil, No. 2, vol ii., contains an abstract of Dr. Morris' lecture on the Bahamas, and of Professor C.vrmody's paper on the " Industrial Resources of Trinidad." — Agri-Horti- cultural Society of Madras : H^'port of Annual Mectinrj, 1S93 — 1806, a,ni Prucccdinijs of the Siicicti/, January — March, 1896. — Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station : Bulletin No. 49 contains reports and figures relating to Potato blights, their prevention and cure. — Bulletin of the Bnlanienl Department, Jamaica, iTune, 189(5, contains notes on the care of young Vines, on budding Orange trees, and other subjects of importance to tropical agriculturists. — A dcserijitivr account of Jersey ; an interesting account of the island, with numerous figures. It will be particularly intere.-;ting to horticulturists, as containing an .account of Mr. Becker's imperial nurseries. — £iti of Experi- ence on a Sussex Far id, A. F. P.vRBDKT. — The Mush- room: how to r/row it for Proft, by John Conn.w, Rotherham. ease, it was felt by those who saw the bunches that the grower had got a practical knowledge of the requirements of the variety, and did it wonder- fully well. Many otherwise excellent Grape- growers find numerous troubles to beset the culture of this Grape. The accompanying illustration (fig. 35, p. 19-1) shows the char.acter of the Richmond bunches, and yet these were by no means the best that Mr. Blake has had, for later on there were on the single Vine of the variety, in a mixed house, several noble bunches weighing some 3J lb. each, and of 14 inches in length. Not a symptom of cracking was to be seen, and none has ever troubled the berries since the present gardener took the Vinos in hand. The berries were fine, very even, and richly-coloured. Higher praise of the variety it would bo difficult to give. The one house, some 40 feet long, and of the usual height and width, is planted with blacks, Hamburgh and Madresfield Court, and of whites, Buckland Sweetwater and Mrs. Pearson. The Vines were started in February, and of course all were tre.ated alike. Black Hamburgh ripened first, fol- lowed by Buckland Sweetwater, Madresfield follow- ing, and Jlrs. Pearson, a thick-skin Grape, here of r&ally fine flavour.and which should hang late if needed, coming latest. The entire period of matunation wiis about five weeks. Thus, for a mixed house, from these varieties an excellent succession is assured. The Mrs. Pearson bunches, though less heavy than those of the Madresfield, were very compact, tapering, handsome, and well finished. Next to Muscat of -Vlexandria, and evidently as seen here much more easily grown, this fine white Grape is entitled to take high rank. The Vines were planted nine years since, and when Mr. Blake took to the place a few years .ago, hardly a bunch of any sort w.as produced. Finding the border inside (for the Vines have free run in and out) to be very dry, he gave two heavy soakings of water, aud this seems to have per- formed good service in swelling the buds and matur- ing the wood. Also some liquid-manure from the cow-yard, weakened by the addition of six times its bulk of water, was given occasionally ; and still so strong was it relatively, that the ammonia, whilst benefiting the Vine foliage, destroyed the leaves of Gloxinias. The necessity for keeping plants in the vinery, obviously does uot assist in the development of line Grapes ; therefo.-e, the good results obtained are all the more creditable. It is interesting to learn that Mrs. Pearson having plen t y of pollen , and being therefore a free setter, pollen from that v.ariety is employed on the bunches of the Madresfield Court. In all respects ventilation and treatment are of the ordinary kind. The outside border is coated with leaves in the winter, and when removed in spring, it is found that roots have been freely attracted to the surface. Then a light sprink- ling of Thompson's Vine-maimre, a good watering, and a thin mulching of straw lit:er are most beneficial. Occasional dressings of this manure and liberal water- ings are also given to the inside roots. A. D. :\IADRESFIELD COURT GRArE AT CLANDOX PAKE. Whes the Earl of Onslow's gardener, Mr. H. W. Blake, exhibited Madresfiehl Court Grape in such fine condition at Richmond on June 24 last, and carried off the first prize for ' ' blacks " with such Home Correspondence. some experiences with the eel-worm.— Without declaring the eel-worm to be the worst amongst the list of our garden enemies, I may say that its acquaintance is by no means desirable. Certain plants are more susceptible to injury from this cause than others, and none more so than the Gardenia and Cucumber. My first experience with the eel-worm was several years ago, in the case of some Ciardenias on the back wall of a Icau-to plant-house. At first the plants grew strongly, and produced flowers of large size, but they soon began to die-b^ck- sometimes a branch, and occasionally a whole plant would collapse. An examination of the roots showed knotted swollen fibres, the work of the unseen eel- worm. Thinking that the excessive dampness of the soil caused by the moisture maintained in the house, might be the cause, a much more porous material was substituted. This answered somewhat better, but was never a success, and after a while the attempt to grow plants in an unsuitable place was abandoned. 194 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 15, 1896. The Gardenias are now grown where there is plenty of light, and quite close to the glass, which is never shaded, the compost being loamy soil full of fibre. The drainage is good, and copious sujjplies of water are given frequently. For several years the plants have grown and flowered well under these conditions. An average sample of the growth is enclosed to show its vigour. [Very satisfactoi-y, and flowers extra large. Ed.] The above experience lias convinced me that if Gardenias are grown in a suitable place they will not readily be attacked by eel-worm. The only experience I ever had with eeUvorm attack- ing Cucumoers was once, when, partly as an experi- ment, the plants were given a deeper border, and more adhesive rooting material than usual. The bed in which they were planted was supplied with bottom- heat from hot-water pipes, over the covering of which on previous occasions a goo i layer of porous material was placed before putting in the soil for the plauts. On this occasion the compost was put on the slates. For a time they grew strongly, producing exceptionally good fruits. I noticed that the roots were extra thick and more fleshy than usual, and after a time the plants began to fail. The roots became such a continuation of knotted excrescences that there was never healthier or finer. Beets are as large as they ought to be, and all roots are good. Caterpillars are affecting the Brassica tribe somewhat. All winter vegetables ai-e growing rapidly. A better year than 1896 has been so far cannot be wished. P. Middlcton, Wynnstay Gardens, Dcnbiyhshirc. OAK ALYN, WREXHAM.— Referring to the illus- tration given in your last number, I may say th.at the residence of Edwin Stanley Clark, Ksq., dates from the year 1656. Passing through the conservatory you enter a large billiard-room, and by a very simple con- trivance the table is lowered in a few seconds into a pit below the floor, thereby making the room avail- able for a ball-room. This system of stowing away the billiard-table is the patent of Mr. Clark's. Leaving the billiard-room by a central door, you enter a con'idor nicely furnished with climbers and flo^vering plants ; passing up two flights of steps, the fruit-room is at the top ; each shelf is made in moveable sections. On the left of the fruit-room you enter the vineries, two in number : passing from the late vinery, you reach the Orchid-house (shown in your illustration), of which the centre plant is a giant, recently imported, of Lrclia elegans with fifty bulbs, twenty-six with Fig. 3.'i.- -iMADRESFIELD COURT GnAPE, AS GIIOWN AT CLANDON PARK. [Much reduced.) no mistaking the cause. They were promptly rooted out, and the previous method of planting re-adopted, with the resuh that no injury has been done by eel- worms since. J. MacDonald. PEACHES AS OPEN-AIR STANDARDS. -- With reference to " C. H.'s. " letter in your issue of la^t week, may I corroborate his views (ui Outiloor Peach standards ? I planted out Hales' Early four years ago, and it has borne and ripened good fruit ever since. Alex. Butekhwm, Major-Gewra!, Owlhorpe, Bournemouth, August 11. BRITISH HERBS AND THEIR USES. -It will be something new to most country-bred people to read in Mr. Fletcher's letter that the eating of Scarlet Runners is cf modern origin. I know from memory that they have been eafen in West Norfolk for up- wards of forty-eight year.^i, and tliey were nothing new then to the old people who were living then. Then, iigain. if I am not greatly mistaken, they are men- tioned as an article of food in Culpepper's Iln-bal, which must have been written upwards of 200 years .ago. 11'. B. THE SEASON. — All varieties of vegetables here have done well. We beat all record in gathering Peas from out-of-doors on May 22. We had al-'o new Potato--, Globe Artichokes, and CauliHowers on tiie s.ime date. The late varieties of Broccoli have over- lapped the Cauliflowers a long wav. Antumu-sowu Onions well ripened off, and spring Onions were leave'. It has twelve leads, many of them showing sheaths. Other fine specimen Orchids .are in this house, with a goodly number in flower. All the houses are lighted throughout with the electric light, and are so arranged as to furnish a nice promenade. The photograph is by Messrs. Geo. Smith & Co., South Parade, Bradford. E. J. E. THE "KEW" WEED, GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA. — Many of our common weeds are really obnoxious and troublesome to eradicate, some from their easy growth by multiplication of scraps of stems and nodes of creeping grasses, and from the production of numerous seeds, such as Charlock, Chickweed, Groundsel, and the coarser sorts, such as Burdock, Buttercup, Goosefoot, Mayweed, and Thistle ; so bad, indeed, was the latter in the time of Linnious that he wrote of it : — " Vitium agror^ira apud nos, primarium est " (it is the greatest pest of our field.<), and still we hear the harsh epithet of " cursed " often applied to it. Our American friends say of some English weeds as they come across them — "It is a foreigner of a bad type," and only such an expression in an extra super- lative degree would express the conduct of the exotic Galinsoga, which appears to be a garden-escape from Kew, as all round that neighbourhood it has natu- ralised itself in such densely abundant quantities that it completely smothers every seed-bed. The plant in appearance very much resembles the annual llercury, but differs very widely in h.aving a capitulum or flower-head like a small M.iyweed. It belongs to the f.imily of Coniposlta;, and like the Fever.''ew produces myriads of small seeds of easy germi- nation, retaining their vitality in deep soil for a long period. The name, Galinsoga, was given to it by Ruiz and Pavon, to commemorate M. Galinsoga, phy- sician and botanist at Madrid ; it is a native of Peru- vian America, and akin to G. trilubata, a hardy annual of little merit. Mr. A. A. Black noticed and wrote about it iu 1870, but otherwise none of the local floras have any record of it, as in the case of the sub- merged aquatic invader (Anacharis) of the Irish c.mals, carried by the Gulf Stream, and now naturalised. Great care must be taken to keep the land clean, to prevent the Galinsoga from maturing, or the old proverb of " One year's seeding makes nine years weeding," will require some cyphers after the nine to express the time for eradication, as only the greatest vigilance and energy will spoil its semination. Jain Murison. THE FRUIT CROPS.— There i^ one class of people which we may rest assured will take no harm ; these are the middlemen ; they make ample profit, and this they do no matter whether the season's returns, as regards the growth of crops, be good, bad, or indifterent. Not very long ago, a middleman wrote in defence of his calling, that the sales- men there were all young men, thus, unwittingly, expressing a plain confession that they were all able to retire before they grew into old men. I wish the same could be said of the hardworking gardener and farmer, amongst whom may be found many white-bearded old men, working o it life to the end, without the slightest chance of retiring to enjoy even a shore afternoon of well-earued rest. The middleman, from the very commeucement of the world's history, seems to have been doing a roaring trade. We first read of him as making his appearance ill the Garden of Eden. Burns also had his eye dead upon him when he wrote . — " Lang sine in Eden's bonny yaird. When youthfu' lovers first were paired, And all the soul of love they shared. The raptured hour. Sweet on the fragrant flowery swaird, In shady bovver. Then you, ye auld snec-drawing dog. Ye came to Paradise incog.. And played on man a cursed broque — Black be your fa' ! And gied the infant world a shog 'Maist ruined a'." »'. MiUer, Combe Ahheij. SOCI ETI ES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. August 11. — The usual fortnightly meeting of the Com- mittees was held in the Drill Hall, JiimesStreet.Westminster, oa Tuesday last. Theio was little indie ition that the holiday season is now at its height, for the display was an extensive one, and the attendance good. In common with the meet- ings that have taken place throughout the summer, the show on this occasion was comprised largely sf hardy cut flowers, which are exhibited at the present time so persistently, and it may be added, so well. In addition to the miscellaneous collection 01 such plants, Messrs. Kklway & Sons displayed an exhibit of Gladioli in the extensive manner common to this western firm. One of the exhibits most worthy of remark was a group of hirdy Bamboos from Messrs. Jas. Vf.itch & Sons, which, by r asonof its comprehensiveness, wa* a useful object-lesson ti» persons not familiar with the variety of foliage and habit uf growth that a good collection of these plants presents. As will be seen below, many plants and flowers called for awards from the Orchid and Floral Committees. Fruit was not exten- flively shown, but several awards were made. Jlr. C. T. Druery gave an interesting and illustrated lecture in the afternoon upon " The Generation of Ferns." Floral Committee. Present : W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. Jno. Frascr, H. 11. May, H. llerbst, R. Dean, J. Jennings, J. F. McLirod, R. M. Hog'^, Chaa. Jeffries. Thos. Peed. W. Baiu, H. Selfe Leonard, H. J. Jones, Jas. Walker, H. Turner, Geo. Paul, and H. Canuell. From Mr. Sharp, Fareharn, was exhibited a dozen plants of Abutilon Silver Queen. They were bushy little plant.*, and the leaves wore almost wholly cream-coloured, there being im exceptionally small quantity of green surface in any of the plants (Award ofMeritJ. Messrs. Jah. Veitch & Sos«. Royal Kxotic Nursery, exhi- bited a new strain of Streptocarpu.'>, obtained from crossing August 15, 1896.] THE GA IIDE NE B S ' CHBO NI CL E. 195 previous hybrids with pollen from S. Wendlandii. The liowers are large, and the strain, to be known as Jlrs. Heal, promises to bo a useful one (Award of Merit). Some plants, well bloomed, of the bright-flowered Rhododendron multi- color Ruby, were shown, and an ornamental-leaved Begonia, named Princess Charles of Denmark. Messrs. Jas. Veitch A: Sons also exhibited a very fine group of Bamboos, in which were represented specimens of most of the species now in cultivation. First-class Certifi- cates were awarded to Bambusa palmata, a plant possessing a bold habit and handsome appearance, and to Thyllostachys Kumasanca, a very distinct plant from the former. It has a rather dense-growing habit, dwarf, reddish-brown stems, and smaller leaves. Messrs. Paul & Sons, Cheshunt, received an Award of Merit for a white flowering variety of Clematis viticella named alba. An Awaid of Merit was also obtained by Mr. A. Lister, Rothesay, who exhibited a very superior variety of Sidalcea malviertora var. Listeri. T. Hamilton Fox, Esq., Keston, Kent, gr. Mr. london, exhibited numerous flowers of a variety of .Clove Carnation, named Arthur Soames, with very large Howera, Sir T. Lawrence, Burford, Dorkmg (gr., 3Ir. Bain), exhi- bited flowers of Crinnm Powelli, C. P. alba, and C. Makoy- anum or Moorei, all of them hardy and very ornamental. Several varieties of hardy Nympha^as were exhibited by Messrs. de RoTHScniLD, Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr., Mr. J. Hudson). All of them were pretty, and, as far as exhibition in the Drill Hall goes, novel also. First-class Certificates were awarded to N. Rohiusoniana, an extremely effective flower, the centre jietals being of telling crimson, and the essential organs pale and bronzy yellow. Also to N. Marliacea camea, a large, handsome blush-whito variety. From F. Reckitt, Esq., Caen Wood Towers, Highgate (gr., Mr. Burt), came a collection of miscellaneous plants, arranged in a pretty group upon the floor. Caladiums and well-grown plants of the visual ornamental foliaged plants wore used with go )d effect (Silver Flora Medal). From the same garden was an excellent plant of Cycas revoluta (Cultural Commendation). Mr. J. PuRNELL, Woodlands, Streatham Hill, shewed (i group of plants consisting of grecnliouse species of a very miscellaneous character (Silver Banksian Medal). Caladiumswercshownby Messrs. Jas. Veit( h&Sons, King's Road, Chelsea, and Messrs. J. Pef-d &, Sf»N, Norwood Road, West Norwood. Messrs. Veitch had a largo group of well- ^rown plants, representative of very ornamental and choice varieties, all of which have been described. ^lessrs. Feed's l)lauts were of smaller size, and wore interspersed among a larger number of other foliage plants and Ferns (Silver Bank- sian Medal). Hardy flowers were exhibited on this occasion largely by Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, near Tottenham ; Messrs. Barr & SoNs. King Street, Covent Garden ; Messrs. Kelway (Si Sons, Messrs. Ci-'tbusu & Sons, Highgate ; and I'thers. In Messrs. Barr's exhibit wo notieed many varieties of herbaceous Phloxes. Gladiolus, too, m v.iriety were con- spicuous, and there were tlowcrs of Lilium tigrinum, and other species, herbaceous Sunflowers, Pentstemons, -lia crispa Buchan- iana. Cattleya velutina, L;elio-Cattleya x elegans Turoeri, .and L.-C. X elegans Ilouttcana. A. H. Mjlton, Esq., White Ladies Road, Clifton, showed a six-Iloworcd inflorescence of Cattleya Loddigesii, and a striped form of Cattleya labiati Gitskelliana. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstcad Park, i»ent cut examples of a pretty, small-flowered, crimson-purple Sobralia, allied to S. Lowii, and of Odontoglussuni aspidorhinum, Ralli's variety, a remarkably pretty flower, and the liest of this curious and elegant species yet shown. The sepals and pet ils are yellow, with bright red-brown spots, the Lirge fringed lip evenly spotted \vith rosy crimson. The bristles at the base of the labellum, which arc characteristic of the species, were also highly developed in this fine variety. A. SiNGLKTON, Esq., Chapcl-eu-lc-Frith, sent Cypripedium X Single toniauum (vexillarium x barbatuin Warneri), and a spike of Lielia crispa. Fruit Com.mittee. Present: Philip Crowley, Esq.. in the chair; and Messrs. R. Hogg, Geo. Bunyard, A. F. Barron, Jos. Cheal, A. H. Pearson, J. Wright, Alex. Dean, J. Willard, J. W. Bates, Jas. H. Veitch, G. H. Sage, Robert Fife, and G. W. Cummins. The Apple awarded 1st prize in the Veitchian competition, for the best dessert sorts, w;i8 Irish Peach, exhibited by Mr. Owen Thomas, Royal Gardens, Frogmore. Red Astra- ehau was placed 2nd, as shown by Colville Brown, Esq., HexUible, Swanley Junction. Summer Queen, Worcester Pearmain, and American Nonsuch were also shown. Only one Pear w.is staged, viz., Jargonelle, by Mr. O. Thomas, and it was awarded 2nd prize. Mr. Jas. Nash, Belvedere Nursery, Wimbledon, exhibited fiiur dishes of Victoria Nectarines ; and Mr. D. Davjes, Araberley Court, Stroud (gr., Mr. Butcher), had a dish of Princess of Wales Peaches. Sprays of Wineberries (Rubus phsenicolasius) were sent by Mr. W. Batchelor, Hareficld Park Gardens. Uxbridge. Mr. Batchelor had also a dish of Runner Bean, Sutton's ■ Best of All. An Award of Merit was given to a Melon, Harris' Favourite, exhibited by Philip Crowley, Esq., Croydon (gr., Mr. J. Harris). It is a scarlet-fleshed variety, and has straw- coloured exterior, closely netted. The flesh is deep and the flavour good. A few other seedling Melons also were before the committee. Messrs. Geo. Bunyard &, Co., Maidstone, exhibited about forty dishes of fruit consisting for the greater part of Apples, but including a few Pears. Awards of Merit were recom- mended to Pear Aspasie Aucourt, and Apple Cardinal [Peter the Great), both of them in this collection. The Apple has been known for several years under both of the names given above. In appearance it is not unlike Duchess of Oldenburgh in regard to the red streaking, but they are less deep than in the Duchess. It is a good flavour, useful for the table or for the kitchen. The Pear is a green-fruited variety, passing to yellow, and is ripe in August. M;my varieties of Apples and Pears were exhibited in fine conditioi* in this collection (Silver Banksian Medal). Plums were exliibited by Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, who had a score or more of dishes and varieties. The following were noticeable among them. All the fruits were taken from pyramid trees out-of-doors : Eirly Green. Gage, Early Trausparent Gage. Jeffer.sou, Lawson's Golden Gage, W.ishington, Bodditrt's Gage, and of purple or black- fruited varieties, Frogmore Orleans, Kirkcs, B<.lle de Louvaine, Prince Engelbert, De Montfort. Angelina Burdett, and Czar ; Victoria was shown well. This exhibit also in- cluded Morello Cherries, Negro Largo Figs, Lady Sudely Apples ; Pears, . WiULams" Bon Chretien, and Doctor jales. Guyot, and spray of Wineberries (Silver Banksian Medal). A seedling variety of Cucumber, known as Palmer's Graceful, was exhibited by Mr. W. Palmer. Andover, Hamp- shire. The specimens were very commendable, but there was not occasion for an award. Some large PoUto tubers were sent from Mr. Kemp-SHall, Lamport Hall Gardens, North impton. 196 THE GA UDKXEES' CHBOXICLE. [AuocsT 15, 1896. Mr. Druery's Lecture. In the afternoon Mr. Chas. T. Drufbv, F.L.S., gave a very iuterestinglec nreCDr. ]\[ ax wkll Masters, F.R.S.,mthechAir) on '"Feni Generation, Normal and Abnormal," a subject of which he has made a special stiidj'. and which he illustrated by means of numerous lauteru slides, depicting the various phases of devol'ipinent from spore to plants. Starting with a brief description of the difference between a spore and a seed, tbc one a simple vegetative cell protected by a shell, the ether a complex body, the result of fertilisation by pollen, be showed how the first results of germination also differed fimdanientally. The spore in Ferns took the form of a small green scale, or prothallus, un the underside of whfch the flower-equivalents were developed; fertilisation took place, and practically a seed produced from which the Fern as we know it arose. The phenomena at- tending this were shown on the screen from a series of diagi'ams by the lecturer, finishing by a slide of young Ferns themselves, and then by a reproduction of Count Suminskv's splendid series of p'ates which accompanied thfl publication of his original discovery in 18-44 of the complete cycle of Fern life. Having thus treated of the normal or usual method of reproduction. Mr. Druery proceeded to describe Professor Farlow's discovery of apogamy, in which the Fern was p oduced upon tlie prothallns by non-sexual bud- ding, showing that the process of fertilisation was not an abtolute essential to the contiimance of a species. A recent case of a diffe ent form of apogamy was citel, in which ordinary buds were developed on horn-like extensions of the prothallus. The various types of buds or bulbils formed on the fronds of Ferns were then illustrated, the curious doi*s.al bulbils sometimes associated with the spores on some Lady Ferns being especially dealt with as leading up to another abnormal mode of reproduction first noted by the lecturer, termed apospory, in which the Fern does not produce spores, but develops the prothallus either on the backs of the frond, where spores shoidd be, or more remark- ably still from the points of the frond segments. This phenomenon had been observed in four British species, and the lecturer exhibited a plant in which one of the fronds was literally fringed with prothalli, while the backs bore heaps of the incipient growths of the other kind or dorsal apospory, Mr. Ukdery then proceeded to deal with the varietal as|>ects of Fern r»iproduction, throwing photographs on tlic screen of two remarkable instances of sjccess in selective culture in a few genei-ations ; the pedigree being shown^ and the immense strides taken clearly exemplified/ Finally, he alluded to the possibilities of hybridisation and crossing, not merely between varieties and subspecies, but actually between widely divided specific forms. Mr. Schneider's success in Polypodium Schneideri was cited, and others of more recent accompUshmeut by the same lund ; in whicli the peculiarly beautiful character of our British forms had been unmistakably introduced into large growing exotic species. Mr. E. J. Lowe's successes in the crossing of Hartstongues were iilso commented upon. THE BRITISH PTERIDOLOGICAL. AuuusT 3. — As usual on the August Bank Holiday, a goodly number of lovers of our nativeTerns assembled in the Lake Dis- trict, this time at Bowness, Windermere, to discuss the most recent varietal developments, and to read papers bearing upon the cult under its several aspects. The Institute at Bowness was the meeting place, and after the usual routine busiaes.s had been transacted, Mr. Chas. T. Uruery read a paper on the " Marvellous Side of Fern Life," Dr. Stansfield following it with another on " Weismann's Theory of Heredity xs Applied to Ferns." Curiously enough, without any prc- arraugement, the two papers formed a continuous history of the cell and its development ; Dr. Stanfield's dealing with the process of fertilisation of the egg-cell, and illustrating by diagrams how this cell prepares itself for the process by throwing off and out a part of its nucleus, which is subse- quently replaced by contact with the antherozoid. A very interesting point bearing on Mr. E. J. Lowe's theory of multiple parentage iu Ferns, was hereby demonstrated, nimely, that this process is effected by such an exact adap- tation of part to part, that there is absolutely no, room for the iutroduction of multiple influence in the sense of multi- paternity. To use a commonplace illustration, the nucleus to be f'^itilised is like a pill-b.>x, the lid of which is thrown away prior to fertilisation, the rtsult of which is the addition of a fresh lid, after which the box or cell divides and multi- plies itself on a regular plan. Just as a second lid could not find a place, so would a second antherozoid find itself de trop. In Mr. Drucry's paper the cell was compared to a patent brick which multiplied itself ad /iiti^tm, and built itself up into compli<'ated structures, planned with marvellous fore- sight and ingenuity to accommodate a self-generated com- munity of ladies and gentlenten (archcgonia and antheridia), the latter of which were furnished with bicycles (cilia) to visit their stay-at home lady-loves. Thi^ community then passes away, and behold ! a wonderful structure arises — the primary frond— and in time a stately Fern is sjen, built up on unnecessarily complicated lines, and culminating in a Bbower of millions of " bricks" or cells, all capable of per- forming the same miracle as the original brick we started *iih. The papers read were discussed at some length. A consider- able number of fronds were exhibited for judicial opinion and naming. A very beautiful and dense plumose Athyrium, fotmd in Ireland, was shown by Mr. Phillips, of Belfast, together with a neatly tasselled Shield Fern of peculiar symmetry. Mr. Druery showei a number of fronds of his plumose Lady Ferns, which were much admired, some six or seven distinct forms of rare beauty being exhibited. The " sensi- tion" of the m^etiug wa«, owever, a form of Listrea rnoutani (the lemon scented Bi;ckler Fern), raised by Mr. Wiper, the treasurer, from a find of his own. Iq this extraordinary plant ^o which a number appeared in the sowing), the frond has very finely cut pinnules, differing greatly fro n the normal, from the paint of each of wliich the midrib extends for netrly an inch as a delicate filament. These threads throughout soma of the fronds terminated in tiny tassels, the whole combination bein^ extremely pretty. Th; plants were young and, small, though robist ; there is, therefore, e^ery probibility that, as adults, they will rank with the most remarkable, as well as more beautiful Ferns in existence. It is a new and unparalleled " break," as charming as unexpected. A vote of thinks to the officers, the President, and Mr. Druery for their services and papers, and highly satisfactory reports from;Secretary and Treasurer as to the progress and funds of the Society, completed the proceedings. The Secretary of the Society is Mr. Geo. Wliitwell, Ser- pentine Cottage, Kendal; the subscription is sm ill, and the Society, as a means of bringing together, at le:ist once a year, a body of British Fern- ers merits the hearty support of all admirers of these beautiful nitive plants in their varietal forms. CUas. T. Di-w.ry. F.L.S. HORTICULTURAL SHOW AT LEICESTER. August 4.— This annual exhibition is managed by the Parks Committee of the Leicester Municipal Council, the Secretary being Mr. Joits Burs, the Curator of the \.bbey Park. Five large tents were required to accoramo 'ate the exhibits, the cut flowers especially being very numerous. Each year the show increases in extent and quality, and it is probable that .another year the show will be continued for two days. Specimen plants were decidedly better than we had before seen them at Leicester, and the gi-oups of plants also. The best group, filling a spaca 100 feet, was a circular one, and came from Mr. C. J. Mkk, Nottingham; in tbe centre w;3 a cone formed of Caladiums, Cmtons, Ferns, k.c , sur- mounted by handsome specimen plants, from which radiated lines having at their extremities pretty dot-plauts, the ground-work lightly tilled with various small plants, con- trast and harmony uniting to furnish a very effective arrangement. Mr. Bi.AKEWAV was Ist with six stove and greenhouse plants, having good examples of Croton^ Queen Victoria and Majestic-, a tiue Allamanda Hcnder^oni, Phu;nix reclinati, Ixora Fraseri, and St iticc profu.sj\, Sjmc fine speciinm exotic Ferns were stiged. Mr. C. J. Mee was 1st, and Mr. Hilsom 2nd, but both rmnamed ; indeed, but few of the plants in the cxliibition were named, thus depriving the public of becoming acqu tinted with the plaats they may .admire. Tubemus-rooted Begonias were a good feature, the 1st prize for six sin, de-flowered varieties uf tUy tuberous section going to Mr. James Wuir-irr, nurseryman, Leicester, who had admirably-grown and flower .d pKnts of good quality; Mr. H. RooEKt bein^ '2nd. The host six dorible varieties came from Mr. B. R. Davi-, nurseryman, Yeovil, who hid some excellent specimens. Coleus were present in the form of attractive bushes, well grown and coloured. Mr. H. Rogkrs was 1st. Fuchsias were medivun -sized bush specimens, well bloomed. The best four were staged by Mr. H. Rogers. Table plants contained nothing of a novel character. Zonal Pelirgoniums, excellent in growth and bloom, afi"orded striking patches of colour. Mr. H. Roor.RS was Is"-, with Mix, and Mr. Jas. WniOHr 2nd; and these two ex- ' hibitors were 1st and 2nd in the same order with' six double- floWered specimens- Plants were als » shown by amateurs and cottagers, and their contributions filled a large tent. Cut FLowtr&. — ^os&s wore both extensively and well shown, the northern growers being iu strong force. There wore four collections of thirty-six varieties, single blooms. Messrs. Jamks Cocker & Sons, Abeideen. were placed Ist, with grand bluoms of Marie Baumann, Horace Vernet, J. S. Mill, Kiirl of Dufferin, Frauvois Michelou. Madame Hoste, Prince Arthur, Due de Rohan. Golden Gate, Dr. Andy. General Jacqueminot. .Madame de Watteville, Captain Haywood. Cleopatra, Charles L fubvre, AC- : ind, Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dundee ; 3rd, Me-ssr-". Hark^ks-j & Sons, Bedale. With twenty four v,irieties, Messrs. Cockkr & Son were a^ain 1st, having in fine character Marie liaumanu. Louis Van Houtte, Mrs. J. L ling, Horace Veraet, D.ic de Rohan, Madame Hoste, A. K. Williams. Denmark, Aug. Kigotard. Ac. With twelveTeasandXoisettes, Messrs. J AMES Cocker &SoN were again 1st. The best twelve blooms of any one variety were of Mra. J. Laing from Messrs. D. & W. Croll ; Messr.-j. J.vs Cocker ii SoN.s were 2nd. with M iria Baumann. In the amateurs' division for twentv-four blooms. The Riv. J. II. Pehdk :TO.t, Havering, Romford, was Ist, having Madnme Joseph Bonnaire, Horace Vernet, Mrs, John Liing, Ch.arle? Lefebvre, Duchess of Bedford, A. K. Williams. Comte Raiubaud, Victor Hugo, Charles Darwin, &c. ; Mr. H. V. Machin. Worksop, was iind. Mr. Machin had the best eighteen varieties. The "Rev. J. H. Pemberton' taking ihe 2nd prize; while in the class for twelve varieties, Mr. Machin and Mr. Pembv.rton were placed equal 1st. Mr. JIa" tun had the best six Teas and Noisettes, his four best blooms being Maman Cochet, Ernest Metz, Catherine Mermet, and Madame Hoste ; Mr. Pemberton was 2iid. Mr. Pemberton had the best six of any one variety in Charles Lefebvre ; Mes-^rs. Machin and H. Rogers taking the 2nd and 3rd prizes, both with Mrs. J. Laing. Cut bloom.-5 of tuberous-rooted Begonias, either double or single, are not eflTective, however good their quality, when dumped down on moss in boxes, and some better method of showing them is necessary. Messrs. D. & W. Croll's single varieties were bold and striking. Carnations and Picotees are always a good feature at Lei- cester, and the popular interest in them was shown by the crowded tables wbereon they were staged. Mr. i\L Camp- bell, florist, Blantyre, had the best twelve white-ground Caniatious, showing full well-marked varieties : Mr. A. R. Brown, Handsworth, Birmingham, was 2nd; and they held similar positions with twelve Picotees. With twelve yellow- ground, self or fancy, Mr. Brown was 1st, having very good blooms of Monarch, RomuUn, Mrs. .V. Tate, Cardinal Wolsey, Lidas, and Mrs. Douglas, six excellent varieties; Mr. M. Campbell was 2nd. Caruitiona and Picotees were also shown as single blooms in several classes, and a good many collections of six bunches were staged. Mr. M. Campbell wsis 1st with twenty-four, and also with twelve blooms of tancy Pansies, having blooms of fine development. Mr. Campbkli. also had the best twelve bunches of Violas, set up in handsome sprays. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. There were three entries of a collection of eight distinct varieties, the lat prize going to Mr. J. H. Go(tUAi.nE, The Gardens. Elvaston Castle, Derby, who had finely-finished Black Hamburgii and Gros Maroc Grapes ; Muscat of Alex- andria, long in the bunch, but lacking colour ; a very fine Queen Pine. Royal George Peach and Pine-apple, Nectarines, Negro Lago Figs, and Cashmere Melon ; Mr. A. McCulloch gr. to W. J, Webb, Esq.. Newstead Abbey, Notts, was 2nd. There were three collections of four dishes, Mr. J. H. Good ACRE being Isr, with long, tapering, well-coloured bunches of Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Bellegirde Peach, Spencer Nectarine, and Countess Melon ; 2ad, Mr. A. McCulloch. The best Pine-apple was an excellent Queen, from Mr. C. J. Mee, Nottingham. With two bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes. Mr. McKiNNisH was Ist, his being go'td in borry and bunch; 2nd. Mr. Shaw. gr. to R, L. Tuoth, Ksq., Garrenden Park, Lougbboro' ; and Mr. A. Mc(;ulljuh was ;trd. The best two bundles of Muscatof Alexandria Graoes came from Mr. McKinkish ; Mr. (Joddacre was 2nd. Any other black Grape w;is represented by two bunches of jMadreafield Court, from Mr. McCulloch. With two bunches of white Grapes, other than Muscat, Mr. J. H. GoODACRs was 1st with capital Foster's Seedling ; Mr. Jas. Rk*d, Burton-on-Trent, was 2nd, with Mrs. Pear- son, very good. The best dish of Peaches was Bcllegarde, from Mr. John' Wallls. The Gardens, Keele Hall; Mr. H. Blakewav was 2nd, with Royal George. Mr. John Read had the best dish of Nectarines; Mr. GooDACRE being 2nd Figs, Morello Cherries, Cvirranta, and GooseberricH were also shown. The best dish of dessert Apples wis Beauty of Bith. from ^Ir. Garawav : Mr. W. Emerton. Buckingham, was 'Jnd, with Quarrcnden. The best dessert Plum was Transparent Gage, from Mr John Wallis ; Mr. Goodacre 2nd, with De Montfort. Mr. A. Gearv was 1st for Tomatos. with a fine dish of the Perfection type; Mr. J. H. Goodache 2nd, with Ham Green Favourite. There were three collections of vegetables competing for Messrs. SurTON iS: Sons' special Prizas. Mr. A. McKinni-ih was Ist, with a very fine lot— Onions, Tomatos, Satisfaction Potatos, Runner Beans, and Celery, being especially good. With six dishes, Mr. W. Burrow was 1st, being the only exhibitor, but having some finely grown samples. With ten varieties, Mr. W. Burrow wasagiin 1st, having Cauliflowers, Runner Beans, Potatos, Unions, Tomatos. titc., in finecharacter. In competition for the special prizes offered by Mr. Charles Warner for unlimited dishes ; Mr. J, Green was 1st. Cauli- flowers. Turnips, Carrots, Onions, ifcc, were in fine character as single dishes. Messrs. Yarde h Co., Northampton, also off'ered special prizes for eight dishes. Jlr. Thos. E. Poxox, Lockington. was 1st, and Mr. W. Emerton 2nu Autumn Onions were very fine, also Broad and Runner Beans. Potatos, shown in collections of six dishes were good. Vege- table Marrows appeared rather old, but Cucumbers good. HONORARY EXHIBITS. Prominent among these was a splendid group of Caladiimis from Messrs. J. Peed & Son«, Roupell Park Nurseries, Lower Norwood. London. Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. Edwards are some handsome Spanish Chestnuts and fine Larches in this spacious park. Many of the visitors regretted that time would not allow of a visit to the gardens. Thanks were expressed, and steps were again taken to the brakes, which in a short time took ua to — LAXRICK CASTLE, the seat of Sir R. Fardine. It is such an one as any proprietor might be proud of. The undulations, long glades of 6nely-kept grass, the clean smooth walks, cheery running stream, are all indications of good taste and a love of order. Tsuga Mertensiana in fine groups\are beautiful in outline, and in robust health ; Mr. Be<;g, the gardener, raised them from seed brought from America In ISGl. Some of the heights, from measurement, are 67, 65, and G2 feet ; .5^, A\, and 4 feet 10 inches in girth 4 feet up the stems. The specimens were feathered to the ground. Some splendid trees of Cupressus Lawsoniana and Douglas Firs were admired. Many fine trees were destroyed here by the storm of 1803. In the well-kept gardens— extensive bedding, capitally done, was noted— especially the Begonias, which arc as fine as may be seen anywhere. The vegetable garden is particularly well mana^'cd here. The company was supplied with a sumptuous tea, and a refreshment peculiarly grateful to Scotsmen. The party was, therefore, in capital order for their journey to Callander, but thanks were first giv. n to Sir Robert and his courteous staff. At "'30 THE ANNUAL DINNER was held in the spacious " Dreadn^ .ught" Hotel, Callander, Pro- fessor Bavlev Balkour in the chair, and Mr. Dunn vice-chair- man. After the loyal toasts were honoured, that of the Society w;w proposed by the chairman, when the Professor insisted on the desirability of tho Government establishing a forest area where the best tuitinn cuuld bo acquired, and tho best systems of forestry could be demonstrated. Professor Schwa i-ach, who w:is the distioguishod guest of tho society, replying, expressed his admiration of the magnificent parks and trees which be had seen ; but his opinion is, that forestry should be carried out on ditferent principles than he h^d seen in Scotland, meaning that it was of great importance to enter nuw thoroughly into commercial forestry. Such, of course, may be done on waste and inferior land, but should not be allowed to encroach on our fine pastoral land. The Professor had won the good opinion of many of the company at the Royal Botanic Garden on the day previous. An early st-rt the following morning (Wed- nesday) was made for — ON THE WAY TO BCCHANAN CASTLE, the princely seat of the Duke of Montrose. The clear air blue canopy overhead, bright sunshine, and bracing highland breezes, seemed to fill the whnle company with vigour after the hard day's work on the Tuesday. The journey westward was in every respect deUghtfuI. The Trossachs, richer in poetical lore and romantic scenery than arbore:d interest, were soon reached. " Wondro\is wild the whole might seem, The scenery of a fairj- dream." It would appear that in the portions clothed with trees, generally Hazel, that the roots must be of gre;it antiquity. The stocks seem to have sent up suckers from time to ?ime as the tops have decayed. The passage up Loch Katrine, in swift, light steamboats, was alu-ost beyond description ; evtry forester was in the best of humour, and never was the beauty nf a scene more vivid. Ellen's Isle was eagerly scanned to n te the trees growing thereon— much cannot bo expected— "on shingles dry," but a variety of shades of colour in the foliage gives tbe picture a peculiar beauty. The scenery, changing at every turn, created something like excitement among the admiring passengers. Coaches were waiting at Stronacb- lachar pier, which were soon loaded and despatched to Inver- snaid, Rob Roy's country. A steamer was soon conveying the party down Loch Lomond. Singing was now indulged in to relieve our pent-up feehngs ; the sound of " The Bonny Banks of Loch Lomond," sung from 100 or more voices, must have been heard far inland, and would ascend over Ben Lomond itself ! No doubt tbe genial German professor thought these Scotsmen " afa chaps ; " he soon afterwards took farewell of the party. Then the singing of "Auld Lang Syne," with " Here's a baud, my trusty friend " in demonstrative fiishion will no doubt belong remembered by the German aavani, who went northward, accompanied by Prof. Balfour to inspect the commercial forestry of the northern districts of Scotland. Landing' at Balmaha, many of the party crossed in boats to the Island of Inch Cailloch. where many stirring stories of fiction have had their foundation. Two high peaks in the island are covered with Scotch Firs- other parts have dotted about in favoured tpots thriving Oaka, Larches, Birches, and Hazels. The burying ^ound o the MacGregors is still marked by a crumbling stone and lime. Returning to the mainland the company were much interested in the Pyroligneous Acid Works of Messrs. Tubn- BL'LL&Co., Glasgow, which have been established over 100 years : a chemical factory distilling the most unlikely por- tions of w ood, which is cut from Oak coppices, into pyroligneous acid which when purified by Ume gives wood spirit, and this is used in the manufacture of methylated spirit'?. After a careful inspection the company were entertained by Mr. Tdrndl'Ll, who gave a sumptuous entertainment, which was heartily partaken of. After thanking the gentle- man for his kindness, the party drove to — BUCHANAN, where Mr. Murray, factor, and Mr. McCullum, forester, acted as guides through the beautiful park and wiods. An inspection of the home nursery was made, which is well filled with forest trees in capital health. Many Oaks and Beeches were passed in the plantations ; Spanish Chestnuts were fine. A plantation of eight acres or more of Bouglaa Firs was seen. This is a grand feature— with an lomline of giaceful branches of glaucous hue, and trees 75 feet high, and girths of trunks averaging 6 to 6i feet — is an imposing feature on this truly ducal domain. In the Park — Oaks, Ash, and Sycamores, dotted irregularly, have a charming eflTect. Fine Larches measured over 10 feet in girth of trunk, clean stems :i0 feet or more high, and 75 feet in height to the top. Many fine Douglas Firs were seen in the ordinary woods, large and vigorous. Wcllingtonia'i were noted : Thviia gigantea, and other choice Conifeni?, were passed. One Douglas Fir measured 12 feet 7 inches in girth, and had a height of 90 fe t : a fine spreading Yew, with a trunk 12 feet in girth ; an Oak, close l>y, with fine stem 17 feet in circumference. The company was conducted by the gviides to tho Castle, where His Grace gave all a cordial welcome. Refreshment was placed for the visitors in a tent, to which His Grace directed them in the most kindly manner. A visit to the highest tower of the castle was made, and here one of the grandest views in Scotland is had. the whole laudsaipc being like one vast park. The specimens of Abies nobilis, Cedrus atlanticaglaucji, Cupressus, Oaks and Birches, make a beautiful picture when looked down upon from the tower. The spacious gardens under the charge of Mr. Crobbie. who has been gardener at Buchanan over thirty years, are in fine order. Tho gay terraces, the long borders of flowers, and tho vegetable-g.ardon, are most creditable. The number of glass- houses is considerable, and includes a range of over 400 feet I'lng. Fruits outside. Apples in particular, are a good crop. Mr. Dunn having expressed the thanks of the company to Hi* Grace fur the great kindness extended, the party left, full of happy remembrance.^, for their respective homes. A VIOLA CONFERENCE. August 8.— This gathering took place in the Museum of the Royal Botanic Society on the above date, Mr. A. J. RuwBERRv, the Chairman of the Conference, presiding. There was a fairly good attendance, mainly of members of the National Viola Society, a special summons having been issued by the Secretary. After reading some apologies for non-attendance, the Chairman, in his opening address, statel that two Conference meetings had been held in Birmingham, one in 1S94, and one in 1S0.'> ; and being fully reported in the gardening papers, had attracted a good deal of attention. This led to the conviction that a Conference held in London would c -mmand a still greater support. In London and its suburbs there has been during the past few years a great stride made in the cultivation of tbe Viola, and a successful Conference could be made th z means of extending its culture. The Council of the Royal Botanic Society had thrown open their gardens to the Con''ercnce, and given facilities for a com- prehensive trial of Violas, the resulU of which would be laid before that meeting. The careful inspection made by a Committee of experts occupied several hours ; and their attention was directed to the value of the Viola for general decorative purposes in the garden, quite apart from any considei-ations as to its uses fur exliibition. The report of the Inspection Committee was then read by Mr. R. Dean, the Secretary of the Conference, from which it appeired that the following varieties had been awarded marks equivalent to a Certificate of Merit :— Princess Louise (A. Irvine), Rosea pallida. Wm. Niel. Bridegroom, J. B. Riding, Pencaitland, Acme, Rose Queen, '217 S., A. Irvine; 590 S., A. Irvine; ttie Mearus. Archie Grant, Ardwell Gem, Countess of Hopctoun. Princess Ida. Duchess of Sutherland, Sylviii, Rosine, Countess of Whamcliflfe, Suowtiake, Border Witch' Lord Elcho, Niphetos (syn. Marchioness), Bullion, Lemon Queen, Norah May, Mrs. C. Turner. Luteola. True Blue, Princess Beatrice, Countess of Kintore, and Ivanhoe. The Committee next proceeded to make selections of the best varieties of different types and coloui-s, dividing them into two main sections- firstly, dwarf -growing, having closer, compact, tufted habits ; and secondly, those of a taller and more spreading growth, well adapted for associa- tion with other plants which could afford them a certain amount of support :— f(7,,7e.— Niphetos (syn. Marchioness), CountessofHopetoun, Pencaitland, Snowflake. all dwarf growing. Countess of Wharncliffe and Gigantea (Crane), tall or spreading. 198 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 15, 1896. Cream White. — Sylvia and Lemou Queen, dwarf growing. Abingtou and Nellie, t;iU growing or spreading. Primrose or S)(//>'i!n-.— Ardwell Gem and Luteo]a, dwirf growing. Sulpliurea, tall or spreading. iJeep Fc/' tir.— Princess Lonise (Irvine), Lord Elclio and Bullion, dwarf growing. Mary Gilbert and A. J. Rowberry, tall or spreading. Dark Bdie.^^Trne Blue and Mrs. C. Turner, dwarf growing. Archie Grant and Max Kolb, tall growing or spreading. £hic. — Roland Graeme, dwarf gi-owing ; and Iv.inlioc, tall or spreafling. Light Blue. — Diana and Blue Gown, dwarf growing; and Favourite, tall growing. Laven'ler or Lilac. — Roscapallidi and Lottie McNiel, dwarf growing. Duchess of Sutherland, Bridegroom and Nabob, tall or spreading. Purple. — Acme and Mrs. Gordon, dwarf growing. J. B. Riding and D jrothy Tennant, tall or spreadinjj. Po^^e. — Princess ld\ and Rose Queen, d^-arf growing. Wm. Niel, Rosine and Magie, tall ur spreading. Blush. — Chirm and Norah May, t dl or spreading. There were no dwarf growiog varieties of this colour. E'ged or 5orrferc«'.— Duchess of Fife. Border Witch and Blue Cloud, dwarf growing. Cissy Thornley and Colleen Bawn, till or spreading. Fancy: Cofntes-i of Kintore ii/iw, >i-c. —The Mearus, Bethune, Cissy Mellowes and Columba, dwarf growing, t'ountess of Kintore, Isabel Spencer, Princess Be:xtrice, Lady Aniory and Sirs. Bellamy, tall or spreading, StrijH'f.— 'Lily Laiigtry and H. W. Stewart. VIOLAS FOR LONDON PLANTING. The Chairman having inquired if any one desired to discuss the selection made by the Investigation Committee, Mr. P. G. Sinclair referred to Violas which had stood well in London, near to Highgate Hill, in a smoky atmosi)hero, in.staneing the following varieties as most valuable for London pLanting, viz., Lady Isabel, Ardwell Gem, Goldfinch, Lemon Queen, Charm, Duchess of Fife, Countess of Kintore, J. B. Riding and White Duchess. The plants were put out in March last. Violas were a leading feature of his garden, but he always made a point of changing every year the spot npou which the Violas grew. Mr. W. Cuthbertsox (Dobbie & Co.) pointed out that all the Violas, except Lady Isabel, men- tioned by Mr. Sinclair, were in the selection of Violas made by the Committee. Dr. Shackleton, as residing in the South of London, said that lona had done well with him, in addition to most of the Violas named by Mr. Sinclair. He thought the Conference might turn its attention to the causes of Viola plants dying off suddenly, and especially those planted out previous to the winter. He had endea- voured to discover the cause, but had not yet succeeded to his satisfaction. Duchess of Fife generally does well in his garden, but many had died off this year from some cause. VIOLV ILLUSTRATION'S. The Secretiiry, M r. R. Dean, then laid upon the table copies of Viola studies Nus. 1 and 2, the former being a series of dia- grams and coloured iUustrations, daaling with " Tricolorea," which had been presented to him by Dr. Veit B. Wittrock, Director of the Botanical Garden, Bergislaud, Stockholm, in urder that the Conference might gain some idea of the work in which Dr. Wittrock wasengaged. No. 2 was " A Contribu- tion to the History of the Pansies," with an English abridg- ment, which Mr. Dean stated had appeared in two consecutive editions of the Gardmcrs' Chronicle in June hist. In a com- munication from Dr. Wittrock he stated that the plates belong to a paper upon Vinlas, of the Section "Tricolores," that will be publi.'ihod in st.mc weeks. They contain figures, with microscopic an.alysca, of almost all the parent species of the cultivated Pansies. Viola tricolor L. is represented on the plates I— IV, and partly also on the plates X— XII, by numerous, mostly new, subspecies, varieties and forms ; Viola lutea, Huds., on the plates VI, VIII, and IX; Viola cornuti, L., is depicted on the plate VII, and \, calcarati on VII and VIII. Besides these there are Bosnian Viola latiscpala, on plate VII ; the Hungarian V. declinata, Waldst A; Kit., the French V. hispida. Lam. (^rothomagensLs), and the Algerian V. Mumbyana, on plate XL Of Viola arvensis, Murr. {which seems to Dr. Wittrock to be a vefy "good species"'), there exists some figures, showing different new subspecies, on the plates V, VI, X, and XII. Hybrids of the species Viola cornut;^ V. latisepala, V. lutea, V. tricolor, and V. arvcnsis. on plates VII, VIII, IX and X. " All the figures were drawn, under my direction, mo.st accurately by skilful arti-its, after living specimens, which for the most part have been culti\ated in our Botanic Garden, or have been collected wild here in Sweden." On the motion of Mr. Sinclair, the Secretary was requested to convey to Dr. "Wittrock the thanks of the Conference, and also to express him their hearty appreciation of the importance and value of the work he is accomplishing. (To be continued. In the class for groups, Mr. J. Ward, gr. to Mr. T. H. Cakes, J. P., of Biddings House (where some most remarkable Crotons have been cultivated), has held his own for eight years in succession. It is doubtful if a finer group than Mr, Ward put up on thi^ occasion has been seen in England this year. This is probable from the fact that Mr. J. Edmonds, gr. to the Duke of Sr. Albans, who was 2ud, showed the same group which was awarded 1st prize and the Silver Cup at Chester last week ; and Mr. C. Mee, of Daybrook Vale, who Wixs 5th here, was Istat Leicester with a similar arrange- ment. Mr. Ward also received the premier award for the smaller group, occupying lOOleet; and Mr. M. W. HASLAM,of Hardotoft, who w.is not noticed at Chesterfield, secured the 2nd prize. Mr, Ward's group, covering an area of 200 feet, contained a most comprehensive variety of plants ; the quality and growth were superb, and the arrangement most artistic. The centre piece w.is a Kent'a Palm, which was surrounded in hill and dale with Lilium auratum, beautifully- coloured Crotons, lovely salmon coloured Ixoras, Orchids, Eulalias, Ferns, an 1 Mosses. Bouquets produced a lively competition, the exhibits running the whole length of one of the three large marquees. In the end, Jlessrs. Proctor i very rino orange-coloured blooms being staged. French Marigolds, a few handsomely striped Pansies, and baskets of wild llowers. Then of vegetables, there were excellent collections of nine dishes, worthy of any gardenei*. Potatos, clean, bright aud handsome ; good Cauliflowers, superb Cclory, highly- coloured clean Carrots, the Nantes and now led intermediate being prominent ; capital Parsnips, fine Onions, autumn and spring, with Peas. Scarlet an 1 French Heans, very good Broad Beans for the se;tson. Cucumbers; Cabbages, rod and green, in great abundance, and all very good ; Turnips, Leeks, some admirable for the season ; Vegetiible Marrows, though rather large; Rhubarb. ShaUots, most of them very fine and well selected, !\nd baskets of Parsley, AcGusT 15, 1896.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 199 Enquiry. Plants in Pots.— Aveeaoe Wholesale Prices. '* He that questioncth mttchshaU learn m.i«;A."—»BACON. Can any reader give me the addresa of a firm who makes or exipplies a hand-machine for filling small seed pockets ? G. B. [Dealers should advertise their warea. Ed.] __^^_^^^ [Fhe term "accumulated temperature" indicates the aggre- gate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named : and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° eantinued for twenty-four houra, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Tehperatitre. I a u <» - O (D 5a Accumulated. Baihfall. Bright Sun. 8?S 0 2 - 1 3 - 2 3 - 3 5 - 4 4 - 5 3 - 6 2 - 7 3 - 8 2 - 9 S - 10 1 - « 0 aver Day- deg. 73 85 95 99 97 120 96 102 116 90 109 138 a . -J 00 » o o O -3^ ' s 3 3/« £3 n. a Ml Day- deg. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D.iy- deg. 4- 243 + 244 + 185 -f 236 + 277 + SOS + 277 + 361 + 396 + 298 + 384 + 602 Day. deg. lOths Inch 318 S - ,147 241 5 - 11.5 222 1 - I 94 229 0 aviir! 96 247 3 240 1 223 9 25S 7 206 6 233 8 210 8 109 I 91 83 1 120 '106 ! po 126 104 Ins. 31-] no 10-2 10-8 10-6 92 ,'24-3 16-7 12-5 21-3 17-5 ; 9-8' 25 24 13 24 22 31 I 89 41 33 26 85 43 43 35 29 45 35 5S ' 48 The districts Indicated by number in the first column are the followiug : — 0. Scotl.ind, N. Priticipal 1Vfua'.-proer 0 doz. tally ... Best samples do not come to band quite as freely as last week, and prices for such have a tendeacy to rise. Inferior s.implcs aro still plentiful at latt week's prices. J. B. Thomas. i 0 per lb — (Outdoor), per 0 6 16-26 haU-sieve ... 3 0 Peas, per sieve ... 5 0- 6 0 I 0 Toniatos, horco- 1 0 grown, smooth. per doz lb. .. 4 6 -r, n 4 0 — ord. kinds, do. 3 0- 4 0 Pot.' LT09. FBTTIT AND VEGETABLES. Vecetahles. Beans, run. p. bus. ,, broad p. bus. Cabbages per tally Carrots pcrlibnns. Cauliflowers Lettuce per .'icore Onions per bushel Marrows per doz. Tomatos per lb. Borough, Aug. 11. Fkuit. Apples per bush. 3 Grapes per lb. 1 r.rccn Cages J-sievei 1 Peaches perboxiO Plums halfbush.i4 .d.sd 3-2 6 3-2 6 6-3 0 9-3 6 24 9 6-t 0 6-2 0 4-fl 6 0-4 6 n-1 6 6-3 0 8-0 8 0-4 6 Bpital- fields, Aug. 11. 3. d. .e. rf. 2 6-3 6 2 6-3 0 4 0 .5 0 1 10-2 0 Stratford '"^e ^"«»-,A4°:i3. d. I. d. 6-3 0 >. d. I. d. : t 3-2 9 2 0-5 •-2 0'5 0 2-0 91 ■ 3 0-4 0 * 1 6-2 01 0 4-0 6)0 .'i-O « I" 0-1 0-1 6-2 S-0 0-4 2 0-6 6 4 (W « 4. 0^" Q SEEDS. London: Aufft'tt 12. — Messrs. John Shaw & Suns, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Pond. Borough, London, S.E , report a strong inquiry for Trifolium at advancing rates, sup- plies meantime are rapidly falling off. Fine new home-grown winter Vetches come good and elieap. Choice new crop Essex Giant Seed Rye, is a'so most reasonable. White Mus- tard is in brisk request on former terms. Sowing Rapeseed keeps steady. Some extra bold new Spanish Canary seed has just arrived. Buckwheat commands a sudden and sub- stantial advance. Linseed is dearer. Peas and Haricots are this week without feature. The Board of Trade Returns trive the imports of Clover and Grass seeds into the United Kingdom for the tirst seven months of this year as cwts. 2:1:., 051, valvic J^4S9.13S, as aga nst cwts. 240,749, value £564,063 for the coiTCspondiug period of 1895. Notices to Correspondents. Apricots : Apricol. Most ai'e .sound enough, buk one is rotten, and there is nothing in the fruit to show the caiise. The names you require are — 1, Kaisha ; 2, Shipley's. Cauliflower : John Adams. Clubbing, due to a slime-fungus. Burn all the affected plants, and be careful not to grow any of the Cabb.age tribe on the same soil. , Gas-lime has been used with advantage. Disused Boxes, &c. : W, C. They may or runy not bo valuable, we cannot tell. You had better advertise them. In regard to the second question, it is impossible to say to what cause the dis- figurement to your plants Is due, unless we had some knowledge of the conditions under which they have been grown. A check to growth, from whatever cause, would produce the injury you complain of. Employment i.v I.ndia : Thca. Many such positions as you desire are filled by graduates from the Royal Gardens, Kew. We are unable to direct you as to the best means to adopt in order to secure a situation in a private Tea plantation. Grapes ; Constant Header. We imagine from your description that the berries aie " shanking," but you should send us specimens. Have you made quite sure that the Vines are not rooted in the outside ground referred to, and that they have not descended too deeply ' None need be deeper than 2 feet from the surface. Do not over water the border, neither allow the laterals to grow so long that the removal of them becomes a check. iKTEnPRETATinN OF SCHEDULE : HoHus. The diffi- culty arises from the vague wording adopted by those who are responsible for the compilation of the schedule. " Twelve bunches of cut flowers, distinct, outdoor, not more than one variety in a bunch." Literally, a competitor appears to bo entitled to e.vhibit exoticspecieswhichhave been cul- tivated out-of-doors, but which are not necessarily hardy. It is likely, however, that it was intended by " outdoor " to signify hardy flowers, and we aro not prepared to say you would not be liable to dis- qualification were you to exhibit such flowers as iiegouias and Pelargoniums. But such a course would hardly be just. '• For the best six dishes of fruit, distinct sorts." In this case we are inclined to tho opinion that an exhibit would not be dis- qualified on the score that it contained two dishes of Grapes, one a white and the other a black variety. The sdiedule, however, should be more explicit and precise. Sec the Rides for Jnihj'mij issued by the Royal Horticultural Society. L'.LioM AUKATUM Stems : E. P. if' Co., Bristol. Fas- ciated stems are usually due to overgrowth, the result of too abundant nutriment — not uncommon. MeLO.VS AFFECtED BV BiCTERIOSIS : ./. F. S. has sent us specimens of diseased Melon plants, which attacks the stem at the joints, where it becomes brown, soft, and rotten in a very short time. There is no external appearance of mould or pustule, and yet the plants fail, and are killed speedily, whilst beforehand they appeared tf) be in vigorous health. M icro.scopical examination showed that (Ul the cells in the diseased spots swarmed with minute bacteria-like bodies about 5 micromillemetrcs long or more, and in the latter case divided in the centre. From information supplied, we gather that "nineteen plants were lost, when the whole house was cleared out and washed, syringed with a mixture of paraffin, and then a fresli bed w.as made with fresh loam, but still the disease is there. It is added that the plants have been kept as dry as possible to obviate any chance of damp." Reference may be made to an account published in the Hotanical Oazellc, November, l^yi, and quoted in this journal, describing a form of disease in the United States, which attacked Melons, Cucumbers, and Gourds, and was capable of being transferred to Tomato plants. Not only were the stems affected near the roots, but also the fruits. In all cases the bacteria- like bodies were swarming at the aSected spots. Shortly after tlii.s period, we saw Gourds grown in the open iu this country, the stems of which rotted off near the ground, and we attributed the cause somewhat reservedly to this disease. There are one or two facts wluLh must be borne in mind iu all efforts to deal with the present pest. Firstly, that it is an endophy te ; that it is fully establi-ihed within the tissues of the plant before there is any external manifestation, so that when the plants are seen to be diseased it is too late to apply outward solutions. Secondly, that it ha-s been shown that by transfer- ing the" juice of these decayed spots to healthy plants, these can be inoculated artificially with the same disease. Hence the disease is liable to spread rapidly unless attended to, and all diseased plants rooted up and burnt. We must all regret that this new disease should have made such a definite appearance iu this country, but, if its spread is to be prevented, drastic measures will have to be taken, and it will have to be stamped out. It 200 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [August 15, 1896. might possibly be an advantage to apply some copper solution to young and healthy plants as a preventive, perhaps at intervals of three or four days, but we can suggest nothing which would save the plants after there is any external manifestation of the disease (see Gardeners' Chronicle, June 3, 1893, p. 668). M. C. 0. Names of Plants : Correspondents not answered m this issue are requested to be so good as to consult ike following number. — F., Leeds. 1, Dacty lis glome- rate variegate ; 2, Cyrtomium falcatum ; 3, Poly- stichum angulare ; 4, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 5, Davallia buUata ; 6, Polypodiura aureum. — Wales. 1, 2, and 3, all varieties of Odontoglossum luteo- purpureum ; 4, Odontoglossum Lindleyanum. — S. L. Epidendrum aciculare. — A. B. Cuscuta europsea, Dodder. — Anemo. 1, Perhaps Erica arborea ; 2, Cotoneaster Simonsi ; 3, Escallonia rubra ; 4, Cupressus pisifera var. squarrosa (Reti nospora of gardens) ; 5. Euonymus japonicus variegatus.— W. G. Syriuga Josika!a. — & 5. 1, Pastiuaca sativa ; 2, Symphytum officinale ; 3, Stachys sylvatioa ; 4, Hypochsoris radicate ; ."i, MelilotUB alba ; 5, Euphrasia officinalis. —iJ. J. L. Scolopendrium vulgare crispum. — /. 0. E. 1, Lteho-Cattleya x Schilleriana ; 2, Lajlia crispa • 3, Miltonia speetebilis. — C. B. 1, Berberis vulgaris '; 2, Hibiscus syriacus, the Althea frutex of gardens.' Fruits next week, and further answer. — J. H. B. Angelica sylvestris, —&tenMm. We cannot under- take to name varieties of Potetos. Potato : E. M. B. The appearance is due to irre gular and excessive growth, probably due to the insect [puncture, but we will examine and report 1 ter on. Renovating Vine Border : J. D. The treatment you suggest would be beneficial. Do not allow the roots to run under the gravel- path. See note upon ViueB in our Calendar in present issue, and by similar treatment recommended there, endeavour to keep the rooti near the surface, where you can feed them as occasion requires. TOMATOS: A. H. The foliage shows no trace of disease, and there is little to indicate the cause of failure, except a suggestion of stagnant water at the roots._ Nearly all the roots are curiously byper- trophied with nodules resembling the clubbing of Cabbages in miniature. We failed to find in any of the cells the plasmodia of Plasmodiophora, but there is more suggestion of that than of anything else. M. C.O.— W. W. We can see no disease in your Tomato foliage, but it is weak, as if deficient in ventilation. Evidsotly there is some failure in cultivation; po.ssibly too crowded, and with too little ventilation. Any fungus disease would soon show Itself on the leaves. M. C. C.~-Mnrl-ct (inr- dmer. Frogmore Selected, The Polegate, Sutton's Mamcrop, and Tender-and-True, are all capital varieties for the purpose you require them, or for gardens generally. They are all free heavy croppers of the Perfection type. Tomato, a Frcit or Ve(!i table: IT. M. The Tomato, from a botanical standpoint, is a fruit. It IS also used as a dessert fruit by many people. In regard to exhibiting this vegetable product, it has been found convenient by most societies to in- clude it with thevegetables or salads.and the decision of the judges in your case was by no means extra- ordinary. In the Rules fur Judging, issued by the Royal Horticultural Society, which for the present should be the recognised authority for the settle- ment of such points, is the following:— "Tomatos are only recognised as dessert fruits where speci- fically admitted by the particular schedule, thus • Tomatos admissible.' " Communications Received. — F. H — H G Cardiff — Torenia, next week. —J. F. S., next week— w''t T d'— T ""n'" ^~^ ^' Gbont.— M. B., Middleburgh.— E. c'- ■'■ ^■—"»'}<}ee.~V/. I ;.— Smithsonian Institution.— W T -John Cobh.am.-H. M.-J. B.-C. T. D.-D. B. W.-J B 7:" i,^ S'^^- *'-^- D.-Nemo.-W. L.-D. C.-C. B - G. P.-H, Jr.-c. W. D.-D. T. F.-G A B -Adnit & Naimton, with thanks.— J. F. S.— A. J. l'.— E. M B — D. J. JI. Amateur, next week. Photooraphs. Spbcimens, Ac, Received with Thanks — K. I) L.a Mortola.-//. D. M.lny thanks, but not exiictlv suitable for reproduction. MARRIAGE.— On August 6, at Westerham Church, by the Rev. C. H. Thompson, brother of the bride assisted by the Rev. H. C. Bartlett, Vicar of Wester- ham, Francis Wall Oliver, son of Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.R.S., of :Kew, to Mildred Alice, youngest daughter of the late C. R. Thompson, Esq., Wes'er- ham. No cards. GREAT REDUCTION IN FRAMES OUB WELL-KNOWN MAKE. 6 feet „ 4 feet 12 feet „ 4 feet 6 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 6 feet £ <. d. 2 0 0 2 5 0 4 0 0 2 15 0 4 15 0 5 12 6 PORTABLE PUNT FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minates by any one. Sizes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide ( _ . __ PBIOES, lOABSIAQE PAID. Larger sties at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. £»nd(m.iljCTit.Mr.H.SlKI,TOK.SeedBman.»o..a.HollowaTBd..N. HEATHMAN'S PATENT TELESCOPIC LADDERS, STEPS, and TRESTLES, are sent carriage paid, and ILIUSTRATED PRICE I ISTS Post Frte. HEATaMAN & CO., Endell St., London, W.C. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DURABI^E. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DUR.\BLR. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN HOSE IS MOST DURABLE. PRICE LISTS POST-FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endell Street, LONDON, W. C. HEATHMAN'S LIFT & FORGE PUMPS Are Best, Cheapest, and Most Durable. HEATHMAN'S CESSPOOL PUMPS Are Pcrtiljln, E,isy-WorkiTig:, and Powerful. HEATHMAN'S GARDEN ENGINES. CATALOGUES POST ■ FREE, from HEATHMAN & CO., 2, Endell Street, LONDON. W. C. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NDT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bueliel ; 100 for 30j. ; truolt, loose (about 2 tons). 60>. BsKS, 4d. each. SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCBID PEAT. LIOHT-BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 61. id. per sack; 6 sacks, 25«. ; sacka, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5>. per sack; 6 sacks, 32l. : eooks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, ll. 9i. per bushel ; 16j. per half- ton ; 2fis. per ton. in 2-buehel htaRS, 4d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PBAT-MOULD. and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8«. 6d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. TOBACCO CLOTH RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST. H. G. SUYTH, 21. Goldsmith Street. Drury Lane, W.C. POWLER'S LAWN SAND.— For destroying J- Daisies and other Weeds on Lawns, S:o., at the same time acting as a fertiliser, and improving the growth and colour of the grass. Price in tins. Is., 2j. ed,. and b>, • kegs 8s. 6d., 16s., and 30s. Sold by all Seedsmen. CORRY AMD CO., Ltd., London, E.G. THOMSON'S VINE AND PUNT MANURE. The very best for all purposes. The result of many years' experience. Largely used both at home and abroad. Agent for London : — J. OEORQE, U, BedgraTe Road, Putniy, S.W. Agent for Channel Islands : — J. H. PARSONS, Market Place, Gaernsey. Sole Makers :— WM. THOMSON AKD SONS, LTD., Tweed Vineyard, OlOTenfords, N.B. Price Lists and Testimonials on application. Analysis sent with orders of ^-cwt. and upwards. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN Under the Sanction of the Permanent Mtrate Committee. TO GARDENERS (Amateur and Professional). COMPETITORS at HORTICULTURAL SHOWS, and OTHERS. NITRATE OF SODA, the indispensable nitrogenous fertiliser, may now be had of Seedsmen in Town or Country. Warranted of standard purity. Price in tins, containing 4 lb., with full directions for use, ONE SHILLING. KILL-M-RIGHT Certain cure for Blight, and all Inaeot Peets* without iojury to plants. Once tried, always used. Sample Tin, 2 1b.. free by Post, on receipt of P.O. for2«.10rf. Price LIST and testimonials on application. The STOTT FERTILISER & INSECTICIDE CO., Barton House. Manohebtbr. FU Ml GATOR FOR OREENHOUSES. One is sufEcient for 1300 cubic feet. REDUCED PBICES-9!. per dozen ; reBUs for three tins 2l. per packet. THE BEST and CHEAPEST IN THE KARKET. E. 0. HUaHES, Victoria Street, UANCHESTER. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN. BENTLEY'S COMPOUND LIQUID QUASSIA EXTRACT. i gallon, 2/(* ; rgalIoD,4/3; 5 gallons. 19/2; 10 gallons. 37/6 40 gallons, .3/(i per gallon. Chemical Works, Barrow-on-Humber, Holl. GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 for Bed Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 3 oonoes to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 otinoea as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emnlsion when paraffin is nsed. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, 1<., 3i., and 10<. Qd, GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry And soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6. 6'orley. Surrey. GA IIDENER (Head Working).— Age 27 ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Vines, Peaches, Melons, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Well recommended. —J. SARGENT, 1, Greyetoke Cottages, Hanger Hill, Ealing, W. August IS, J 898.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 203 GARDENER (Head Workino).— Age 30, married; good practical experience; four years and a half in present situation as Head ; excellent testimonials. — S. H., 11, Park Street, Maidenhead, Berks. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- HANDED). — Age ; 40 two children, youngest nine thoroughly experienced in the Management of a gowl Garden, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. First-clase references. — OAJtDENBR, Hanslope. Stony Stratford. GARDENER (iS ingle-handed or with help). — Used to all branches ; married ; good reference?.— B. EFFLINCH. Barton, Burton-on-Trent. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed). — Age 36, married, two children (yonngest 9) ; thoroughly efficient in all branches. Abstainer, Highly re- commended.— £LLIS, 8, Turner Rosid, Lee. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or where help is given).— Age 27, single ; good knowledge o! Fruit, Flowers, aod Kitchen Garden; excellent character, not afraid of work. References kindly permitted to J. T. Wood- ROFFE, Esq., Frensham Place, Farnham.— 0. HEBBERT, The Gardens, Frensham Place, Farnham. GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise). —Ago 25. single ; nine years' experience, Inside and Out. Leaving through a death. Good character. Abstainer.— .7. WARREN. The Court, Worcester Park, Surrey. GARDENER, Inside and Out, in Private or Nursery.- A young man (age 28), seeks a situation as above; well up in Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables.— Q. B., 12, Gordon Villas, Broad Lane, Hampton. GARDENER,— Situation wanted, tor October next, in a large Gardening Concern, by a Germ in Decorative Gardener (Kunstgurtner), who will have terminated his military service by the end of September. Advertiser bai had previous experience in German Court and Trade Garden- ing, and would prefer good treatment to a high salary.— Please address OTTO PBACaT, B::zirka - Kommando. Kitzinge <, A. M , Germany. GARDENER, where two or more are kept. — Age 28 ; sixteen yea's' experience. G. Gi'RS f:\ , Maea- g Wynne, Whitland, would be pleased to recommend L. Nicholas as above. GARDENER (Second, or otherwise), — Age 27, single; eleven years' practical experience in the general routine of Gardening, including two years as First Journeyman. Inside. Well recommended. Abstainer. No circulars.— BEE90N, 87, High Street, Notting Hill Gate, London, W. C2J. ARDENER (Second), Inside, — Young man A (age 28), seeks situation ; ten years' experience ; well recommended. Bothy preferred. No circulars.— F. B., 7, Cross Oaks Road, Berkhamsted, Herts. ARDENER (Second). — Age 28; twelre years' experience in Fruit, Plant, and Vegetable Grow- ing, including Conservatory, House, and Table Decoration, having been employed at The Dell. Staines; Welford Park, Newbury; and Critchell Gardens, Wimborne — W. MYLES" Overstone Park, Northampton. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN (First).— Mr. F. &mmonds, Mamhead Park, near Exeter, can highly recommend G. Watson as above. GARDENER (Under or Single-handed), vsith pony and trap ; willing to be useful. Age li'l ; two years' character last place — H. S., 2, Dahlia Cottage, Ohiswick, Middlesex. GARDENER (Undeb).— Young man, abstainer, good character, seeks situation Outside or Outside and In. Near London preferred.— W. F., 2, Sherwood Villas, Roxeth, Harrow. ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN. — Age 21 ; used to Inside and Outside Gardening. Good reference. — A. PROWTING, 5, Asbford Road, Feltham, Middlesex. ARDENER (Undeb), or JOURNEYMAN (Second).— Two years and nine months' good character from last situation.- E. P., 2, Beulah Spa Terrace, Spa Road, Upper Norwood. ROWER and PROPAGATOR (Practical). — Wanted, by Floriata' Foreman (age 30), charge of Houses or Nursery. Palmp, Adiantume, Chrysanthemums, Boses. Keliab.'e and trustworthy. Would take good situation abroad.— PERMANENCY, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To NoTserymen. PROPAGATOR (Genbeal), and FOREMAN (Working).— Thirty years' practical experience in leading Nurseries. Roses, Clematis. Rhododendrons, Coniferee, Hardy Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, &c. General knowledge of the Trade. Good reference.- T. C, Rose Cottages, Ottershaw, Cherttey. To Nurserymen. GROWER.— Age 27 ; life experience. Fens and Palms a specialty. Good reference. — SOLOMu.i, 3, Bedford Terrace, Bedford Road, East Finchley, N. OREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Situation wanted in Nursery as above. Age 28: f urteen year»* practical experience in leading nurseries; could take charge of small place. Well up in Hard and Soft woodea stuff, fruit, &?. ^J. M., 2, Tadema Road, King's Road, Chelsea, 9.W, FOREMAN and GROWER.— Praotioal experi- ence in growing for Market, Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Mushrooms, Palms, Ferns, Cut Flowers. &c. — A. ,310, London Road, Thornton Heath. FOREMAN, or MANAGER.— Life experience in Market Nurseries, Grapes, Tomato;, Cucumbers, Melons, Strawberries, Cut Flowers. Ferns, and General Market Plant?, Forcing Lilly of the Valley, Bulbs, &c. Good refer- ences.- W., Garde7ier«'CAron«:.'eOffi;e, 41, Wellington Streat, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN. — Age 28 ; life experience in Vines, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Bulb Forcing, Rotej, Cut Flowers, and General Nursery Work in London and Provinces. Distance no object. Wreaths and Bouquet experience.— W. JONES, 45, Middle Lane, Homsey, N. FOREMAN. — Twelve years' experience in Market Nurseries. Good Propagator and Grower of Palms, Ferns, and General Market Plants, Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers. Strawberries, Forcing Balbs, &c —4., Gardeners' Cluonicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN.— Age 26 : eleven years' good ex- perience, both Inside and Out. Can be highly recom- mended.—A. BARNES, The Gardens, Sunbury Court, Sunbury, Middlesex. FOREMAN. — Age 27; aoouatomed to all branches of Garden-work. Good references. One year previously as Foreman. — G., Si, KitCo Boad, Nuohead, London, S.E. OREMAN.— Age 26 ; twelve years' practical experience both Inside and Out. Excellent references. Bothy preferred.— J. W. CHEESF, The Gardens, Huntley Manor. Gloucester. FOREMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept. — Has bad good experience in Stove and Green- bousa Plants, Early and Late Forcing, and House and Table Decoration. — WALTER THOMAS, Paxton Park Gardens. St. Neots. FOREMAN, or Second, in Fruit Department. —Eight years* practical experience in Raising and Training Trees, and in executing orders, — D., 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 26; life experience in Cucumbers, Tomatofi, Vines and Mush- rooms. Good references. — W. SMITH, :*, St. Joseph's Cottages, Nag's Head Road, Ponders End. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Outside. —Age 27 : twelve years' experience. Thoroughly used to the work. Good references.- A., The Gardens, Oak- lands. St. Albans. FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 24; life experience in cultivation of Fruit and Plant(>. Good references. State wages.— R., 37, Grantham Terrace, New Bamet, Herts. FOREMAN, in Fruit-growing for Market. — Nine years' practical experieoce in Guernsey in Grow- ing Tomatos, Flowers, tcz., for Market. Abstainer. — GUERNSEY, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O. FOREMAN, where three or fonr are kept. — Age 25 ; twelve years' experience. Inside and Out. Two years' in present place.— W. POWERS, Knigbtrider Street, Sandwich, Kent. FOREMAN (Inside or General).— Age 28; twelve 5 ears' experience in large establishment? ; four years as general; excellent testimonials; North preferred.— W. HU6E. i:}U, Linthorpe Road, Middiesboro. "V-URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 33; sixteen i-^ yearb* experience in Budding, Grafting and Growing of Hollies, Rhododendrons, Flowering Shrubs, Conifers, fiz. Well up in Fruits and Roses, and every braach of the Nureery. Used to Controlling Men and Executing Orders. Two and a half years' Foreman in flrstrclass Nurseries.- B. M. A., Rialey HaU, Derby. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, under efficient Fore- man, in good establishment.- Age 20; over two years last place ; eighteen months previous. Bothy.- L. MELHUISH, 7, Rothesay Villas, Orpington, Kent. JOURNEYMAN.— Mr. A. J. Reid, The Chase, Farnham Roya), Slough. Bucks, can recommend a yoang man, age 20, having been with him three years. JOURNEYMAN inside, age 21.— Mr. Nobris, Priory Gardens, MaWern, will be pleased to recommend F. Young. Sixteen months in present situation, 6 years' previous highest references. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 22; three and a half years* good character from last situation ; five previous. — W. BAGG, Vagnol Park, Bangor, N.W. JOURNEYMAN (Inside, or Inside and Oat). — Age 22; three years in present place, five previous. Good character. — J. BBiUCHAMP, Cowesfield Gardens, Salisbury. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Oat.— Age 21 ; two and a half years in present situation. Excellent reference— H. EASTAFF, The Gardens, Benishaw HaU, near Chesterfield. TMPROVER.— Situation wanted as Improver, A by a respectable Youth, age 17. Well recommended by Head Gardener, Good references. Three and a half years' good character. Abstainer.- CANDLKB, Atherton Grange. Wimbledon. TMPROVER, in Nursery (or Third in Private A Establishment), Insid.>, or Inside and Oat, where four or five are kept.— Age 20 ; five years' experience. Good references. Disengaged when suited.— F. PEEDLE, 3, Bay ViUas, Spring- field Boad, Sunbury-on-Thamej. TMPROVER, Inside.— Youth, age I'a ; two -*- years' experience. Good character ; abstainer. "Leaving to improve. Bothy not objected to.— F. THORNTON, Curton Street. Slough. TMPROVER.— Rev. C. E. Chard recommends X. a young man as Improver. Quick, strong, and willing to learn. Outside and In. Three and a half years' experienc-. - WM. Si:,OCOMBE, Hatch Bejuohamp, Taunton. TMPROVER, Inside.— Age 18 ; strong, active, A and willing. Nearly three years' good character ; leav- ing to Improve.— C. FLEMMIMQ. 16. We.ton Boad. Brentford , IMPROVER, Inside.— Age 20J ; three and a half years' experience in general Market Work.— B., Curdridge Cottage, tiotley, Hants. O NURSERYMEN and FRUIT GROWERS.— Advertiser (age 21) is desirous of entering a rising Nursery as IMPBOVER. Willing to Uke correspond- ence, &c. Overtime. A thorough insight required more than large wage. Two years' experience. West of England preferred.— Apply, B. J. P., H, Wellington Street, Strand.W.C. ''PO GARDENERS.— Youth (age 19) seeks -L situation as I-MPBOVKE, Inside and Out. Small premium not objected to. Goo3 character. — G. K. SE^GLL, Guyscliff Road, Leamington. TO GARDENERS. — Young Man, a^e 18, requires situation in large Gentleman's Garden ; in the Houses preferred. Four jearti' expeiience.— R, HUGHES, Llanvair Rectory, Abergavenny. Monmouthshire. SEED GROWING.— Advertiser seeks situ^ tion in the above. He gained with ieadiog London and Provincial firms excellent Nursery and Shop experience. Fullest information and reference!^ — H. W.. 37. Amberley Street. Sunderland, TO NURSERYMEN.— Yonng man, aged 28 ; married, no children, accustomed to growing Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Mushrooms, seeks eituntion. Five years' goal character from his last employment. Total abstainer.- W. A , 27, The Grange, Abbey Street. Bermondsey, London. O NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted as MANAGER in large high-class Nursery. Fifteen years' experience in all branches of Horticulture in England and the Continent; six as Manager. Well up in Growing and Selling Plants, making Catalogues, Bookkeeping ; good linguist. First-class references from some of the best English firm*. — A. H., 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. TO SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, and FLORISTS. — Situation required as SH0PM4N or ASSISTANT. Thorough knowledge of Rusiness. Excellent references. Age 3«.— BULB i, 41, Wellington St., Strand, W.C SEED TRADE, &c.— Man and Wife, without f&mily, would like Management of Branch; or Man situation in Shop, OSice, or Warehou!4e. Has some knowledge of Nursery or Florist's Business ; also Corn Trade. Ac. Gotd references from similar appointments.— DILIGENT. 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. SEED TRADE.— Mr, Robert Inch, Agrioul- tural Seed Merchant, Edinburgh, can confidently recom- mend a moat capable young man, attentive, obliging, and thoroughly trustworthy; been in his tmployment for four years as Journeyman, during which time he has had full con- trol of Inside staff, and exeiutioo of all orders. Further par- ticulars willingly given, RAVELLER, MANAGER, &c.— Adver* tiser desires appointment. A well-known thorough Seedsman, with extensive connection. Twenty-five years' practical expsrience, wholesale and retail.— " AVON," 41, Wellington atreet. Strand. W.C. HEAD SHOPMAN.— Situation wanted by energetic Man ; over sixteen years' experience in all branches. Highest character and testimonials. Can invest capital.— Apply SEEDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN.— Age 30; fifteen years' experi- ence in Vegetable. Flower, and Farm Seeds ; gool know- ledge of plants ; beea used to a brisk counter-trade For reference, &c., apply— SCOTCHMAN, 41. Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C. SHOPMAN, — Age 25 ; six years' experience in good Provincial Houses, in all branches. Seed and Nursery Trade.— J. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN. — Age 28 ; thirteen years' experi- ence in all branches; tirst-class references. — EDWARD WOOLLAM. 2, Mount Street. Levenshulme, Manchester. CLERK. — Advertiser requires a situation ; accustomed to Book-keeping and General OfBce Work in the Nursery and Seed Trade. Good references.— F,. Gar- deiio-s' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO NURSERYMEN.— CLERK, Book- keeping. Correspondence, &c. Willing to fill up time in Florist's Department. Well up Wreaths, &c. Good refer- ences.—C. HOBDAY, Royal Nurseries, Ascot. 204 THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE. [August 15, 1896.- BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.' MACKENZIE & MONCUR, Limited, HOTHOUSE BUILDERS & HEATING ENGINEERS. LONDON OFFICE-8, Camden Road, N.W. EDINBURGH— Upper Grove Place. GLASGOW- 43, Victoria Road. IMPERISHABLE TEAK-WOOD HOUSES A SPECIALTY. PAVILIONS, SUMMER-HOUSES, and all other kinds of WOODEN BUILDINGS. HEATING. PXTBLIC BXTILDINaS, MANSION HOUSES, CHUBCHES, SCHOOLS, Ac, Heated and Ventilated in tlie most efficient manner. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS of every description erected, either in Wood' or Iron, in any part of the Kingdom. AUONa THE CONTRACTS ENTRUSTED TO US DXTRING 1895 WERE THE FOLLOWINQ :— For HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN— Palm House, Rose House, &o., at Windsor Castle Gardens. „ H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES — Range of Fruit-houses, 300 feet long, at Sandringham ; Teak. „ LORD IVEAGH— Extensive Range of 27 Fruit and Plant Houses, in Teak-wood, and Range of Offices, at Elveden Hall, Norfolk, Large Winter Garden, in Granite & Iron, at Sefton Public Park, Liverpool. For LORD OVERTOUN— Extensive Range of 20 Fruit and Plant Houses, and Ranges of Offices, at Overtoun, Dumbarton. Renewal of Range of 22 Plant Houses, in Teak-wood, at Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Range of Vineries, in Teak-wood, at Linton Park, Maidstone, Kent. Range of Hot-houses, in Teik-wood, at St. Marnocks, Malahide, Dublin. Range of Hothouses at Waterpark, Castle Connel, Ireland. VsT. DUNCAN TUCKER. HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HOT-WATER ENGINEER, EVERY DESCRIPTION of CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, GARDEN LIGHTS, Sfe. BUILDER TO THE PRINCIPAL GROWERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. VINERIES, and FORCING HOUSES. HEATING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, JUST OUT. ESTIMATES FREE. FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP and BEST MATERIALS ONLY. TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THREE MINUTES' WALK FROM SEVEN SISTERS STATION, GREAT , EASTERN RAILWAY. Editorial communications should be addressed to the " Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office. 41,- Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.O. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbury, Aokew, ft Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. Oity of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Harry Qillahd Cove, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Oarden, in the said County.— SATURDAy, August 15, 1899. Agent tor Manchester— John Hkywood. Established i84i No. 504.— Vol. XX, / Third \ Series .! SATUEDAY, AUGUST 22, 1896. [Regt. as a Newspaper. I PRICE 3d« CONTENTS. Advertisement, an an- cient 216 Antwerp Zoological Gar- dens, botanical dipart- ment of 218 Bedding iu Hyde Park 214 Broditea, tbe genus, and its allies 213 Celosias at Regent's Park 221 Cherry, Governf^r Wood 221 Epping Forest, through American eyes 220 Fire in Covent Garden, the ... 218 Formaldehyde 221 Fruit crops, remarks upon the .. ... 211 Fruitgrowing in Austra lia 215 Hamburgh £.\^hibition for 1897, the 220 Hardy flower garden — Statices 214 Veratrum nigrum ... 214 Insecticide, a new ... 220 " Jadoo"con-enratory, a 218 Kew notes 210 Methods of propagation . 212 Non-wan-auty clause, the 221 Obituary 22G Orchid notes and Glean- ings— Cattleya crispa ... 216 Renanthera Lowii ... 216 Phahenopsis at Nosteil Priory Gardens .. 221 Propagation, methods of -212 Ut)yal Bot.iliic Gardens, Calcutta 216 Plants, new and note worth}'— CIiThopetalum graveo- lens 210 Epidcndrum glumi- bracteum 210 Royal Gardeners' Orphan Fund : some sugges- tions 220 Societies- Hastings and St. Leonard's' 223 Maidenhead Horticul- tural 223 Shropshire Horticul- tural 224 Taunton Deano Horti- cultural 223 Trowbridge Horticul- tural 224 Wilts Horticultural ... 223 Streptocarpas 221 Vegetables 215 Victoria Regiaat Regent's Park, the 221 Viola conference, the ... 222 Viola trials 269 Week's work, the — Flower garden, the ... 210 Fruits xmder glass ... 217 ■Hardy fruit garden ... 217 Kitchen garden, the ... 217 Orchid houses, the ... 217 Plants under gla.s9 ... 218 Wheat-grains, hardness of 220 Wood pulp, for the pro- duction of paper ... 220 ILLUSTRATIONS. 213, Brodiiwa, some species of.. Cannell's dwarf type of Antirrhinum ... .. Colonel- Halford 'Thompson's conservatory at Teign mouth, Devon .. 215 221 210 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imperative that all Copy for Advertisements should be received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNINO at the latest. Acre of Oeradnna. HCANNELL AND SONS have large qnan- • tities of |cuttiDg9 and roots oC all the' beet Itiodg in cultivatiOD, and will be slad to quote special prices for these, and all other kinds of oeddioe plaints. Catalogues free.— SWANLEY, KENT. .,, ' Table Plants. , , , . DRAC^NAS, CROTONS, ARALI^S, COCOS, GEONOMAS. &c. Handsome Plants for Table Decoration. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise NuTEeries, Upper Hollonay, London, N. STRAWBERRIES, all the leading sorts, in pots DOW ready for planting, 125. %d. per ICO. H. LANE XND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts. ENRY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, CoTent Garden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt casta. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for LIST, free. F.MoABTHUR,The London Nursery, 4,Maida Vale.London.W. BEAUTIFUL WHITE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS. To insure an abundance of bloom at this season, ROMAN HYACINTHS should be potted up at once. By this early planting, large anl well-ilowered spikes can be obtained, which are so valuable (or Christmas decoration. Messrs. SUTTON ASD SONS, the Royal Seedsmen, Headicg. are executing orders at I0«. id.. Hi , and 21». per 100, according to the sue of the bulbs. For full particulars of these and other winter and spring-flowering Uulb?, see SUrrON'J BULB CATALOODB tor 1696. beautifully illustrated^ SUTTON'S BULBS GENUINE ONLY DIBBCI FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, BEADING. RCHIDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immense stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. An inspection invited. Illustrated Catalogue post-free, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper UoUoway, London, N. The Narserjmen, Market Gardeners, and Qeneral HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION, Limited.— Offices, 1 * 2. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Chairmsn, HARRY J. VEITCH. Manager and SeoreUry, ALEX. JAMBS MONRO. H G CARNATIONS. — James Douglas begs to announce that his CATALOGUE for Autumn, 189 i. and Spring, 1897, is now ready. It contaics descriptions of the New Border and New Malmaieon Carnations, with Cultural Directions. SEEDLING CARNATIONS, best strains, is. M. per dozen ; 25*. per 100. Catalogue post-tree. Edenside, Great Bookham, Surrey. DICKSONS First and Best, and Dioksons Per- fection CABBAGES, are botli splendid varieties for pre- sent Sowing, and make good Succe^sional Cuttings in Spring, per Packet. 6d.. per Ounc«, Is. 6 SON, Langport. Somerte'. WANTED, Royal Sovereign and La Grosse STRAWBERRY RUNNERS. State price per 1000. —0. V. FLATHER. West Kent Nurseries, Bexley Heath. ANTED, CALLAS.— State price per lOOo! Also Raspail, West Brighton, and other GERANIUM CUTTINGS.- Hutton Farm Nursery, Cuckoo Hall Lane, Lower Edmonton. ANTED, well -rooted RUNNERS of STRAWBERRIES in quantity— British Queen, James Veitch, No. 1. Competitor, Latest of All, Lord Suffield, Frog- more Late Pine, Waterloo, Vicomtesse. — Cash prices to V., Garieiusri' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,Strand,W.C. N' nials. KENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.— STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture. GEORGE BUNYARD & Co., The Royal Nurseries. Maidstone, beg to intimate that their Xew Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be had post-free on application. The largest and best stock in the Trade. OCO DE MER (Lodoicea eechellarum). — Considered to be the largest aod most remarkaole of Palms. Sprouted seed of this mannificent Palm, 1 foot in diameter, can now be supplied at 3Uj. each. THOS. CHRISTY and CO.. 26, Lime Street, B.C. NT^ROOZ en" AND SON'S CATALOGUE for AUTUMN. 1896, cow ready, contains Cultural Directions and full descriptive details of their immense Collec- tions of New , Rare, and fine BULBS and PLANTS (101 pages in ED»;lish), and will, as usual, be sent post free od application to their Agents. Messrs. Mfrtkns A. Co., 3. Cross Lane. St."Mary-at-Hill. E.C. ; or themselves direct at Ovekveen, near Haarlem. Holland. N.B. — No connection with any other firm of the same name. Ferns-Foriis. SPECIAL OFFER to the TRADE.— Pteris tremula, cristata, serrulata, compacta, alba liueata, hastata, cretica. argyrea, Mayii, and Lygodium japonica ; good thick Stuff in thumbs ready for repotting. Price per luO. l^J. ; per 1000. £.h IDs.— R. PENGELLY, Nurseryman, Dyson's Lane, Angel Road, Up^er Edmonton. N. BEGONIAS of the newest and most superb type, including many rare varieties. Double and Single, tor Conservatory or Bedding. See B. R. Davis' Descriptive CATALOGUE, free^ A handsome coloured plate of Six Double Varieities and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for \s. B. B. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. Somerset. Hyadnths. Tuilps, Crocas, Lilies, &c. GG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jan., Haarlem, • Ho'land. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to — Messrs. R. SILBEKBAD AND SON, 25, Savage Garden?, Crutched Friars, E.C. ■ " ^N.B,— Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. F"^RNS.AND pECORATIVE PLANTS I— (TRADE);— Ferns, in 2^ inch pots. Stove and Green- house, 30 beat sellingsorts, 12s. 100 ; ditto, large, in 48's, 10 best selling sorts. 6i. doz. ; strong seedlings, 65. I'^o. 505. 1000 ; Adi- antum cuneatum, in 43*8, for cutting, 65. and 8s. doz ; ditto, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20j. 100; Cyperus. Aralias, Grevilleas,. Rhodanthe. Geraniums, Fuchsias, and Heliotropes, in 48's, 6s, per doz. ; Marguerites, Mignonette, . Campanulas, and Chrysanthemums, in 48'8. 8s. per doz. ; Ficus, Palms. Draceenas, Crotons. Pelargoniums, in bloom, in 48's. 12*. doz. ; Lists free. Packed free. Cash with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurfieriea, Longhborough Junction. London. S.W, SAMPLE FREE.— Write for Free Sample of GARDEN KAPSELS (Permanent Garden Labels). WILSON'S WORKS, Sutton St , Holloway Head, Birmingham. WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builderi- • to Her Majesty, H.B.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept., Boyal Hort. Soc, Royal Botanic Soc. Parks and Public Buildings. Patentees cf the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road. Cheleea.S.W, Telegraph Address ''Hortulanus. London. "Telephone,No.8728. 206 THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE. [Anoii'iT 2'2, 1896. SALES BY AUCTION. MONDAY and THURSDAY NEXT. DUTCH BULBS, SPECIAL TRADE SALES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AtTCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., oa MONDAY and THURSDAY NEXT, AuRust 24 and 27. at Twelve o'clock each day, lar^e consignments of NAMED HYACINTHS. TULIPS. CROCUS. NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS, together with white ROMAN HYACINTHS, and paper-white NARCISSUS, received direct for Unreserved Sale. Theae early auctions have been specially arranged in lots to suit the Trade and other large buyers. The Auctioneers will be pleased to enter the names of in- tending purchasers on their permanent lists who miy desire a regular supply of Catalogues for these Sales.— Auction Rooms and Offices, 07 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. THE GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALES or WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS and GREENHOnSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS respectfully announce that theae important ANNUAL SALES are fixed to take place aa follows : — WEDNESDAY, September 9.— At the LONSLANDS NUR- SERY, SIDCUP, by order of Meisrs. Gregory & Evans. First portion. THURSDAY, September 10.— At the MILL LANE NURSERY', CHE9HUNT, by order of Mr. E. Bochford. FRIDAY, September 11. — At the AVENUE NURSERY, BEXLKY HEATH, by order of Messrs. P. H. & J. Cooper. MONDAY. September 14.— At the DYSON'S LANE NUR- SERY, Upper Edmonton, by order of Mr. H. B. May. TUESDAY, September 15.— At the BURNT ASH LANE NUR- SERIES, LEE, S.E., by order of Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons. WEDNBSD4.Y, September 16.— At the NURSERIES, SOUTH WOODFORD, by order of Mr. John Fraser. THURSDAY, September 17.— At the BRIMSDOWN NUR- SERY, ENFIELD HIGHWAY, by order of Mr. .John Mailer. FRIDAY. September 18.— At the LONQLAND'S NURSERY, SIDCUP, by order of Messrs. Gregory & Evans. Second portion. Further particulars will appear, and Catalogues will be ready in due course, and will be forwarded free by post on application to the Auctioneers, S ROYAL SHOW EXHIBITION HOUSE. ^1 C\f\ Conservatory, 21ft. long, by 6ft. wide, Sft. high ^f J- w V/ to the eaves ; pair of entrance doors, ornamentai lights, with side and centre staging. Best materials and workmanship; painted, and glazed best -l-o/. English glass (brickwork only to be provided). Boiler and piping complete, erected by our men in any part. Carriage^Paid, for the sum of £100 0 0 \ _ The Best Present for a Gardener.' ;^INES AND VINE CULTURE The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapee and their Culture ever published. Third Edition just out. Price 5s. ; post tree, 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, I^, Sutton Cjurt Road, Chiswick. 208 THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [August 22, 1896. Fiimula, The Lady. CERTAINLY no PKIMULA of recent years has given Buch satiafaction as this. It is only one in the Sinensis class highly apyrecialed for cut Jlower. Will last a week in water. Plants in BO's, 4s. (id per ioi., plants by post, 2s. 6d. per doz, H. CANNELL AND SON, SWANLEY. Ftlmulas. Clneraxlaa, and Calcjolarlas. HCANNELL AND SONS have these in just • the condition to give the greatest satisfaction and together with our peifection of variety, what a life and charm they would give wherever well grown. Seedlings, 2s. per doz, ; in pots, 4s. per doz. SWANLEY. Blaze of Flower. IT, has frequently been said, if I could grow Zonals like Mr. Cannell, I would have a glare like him all the winter. We are sending free, full particulars and a List of varieties, with prices. Just what to do. Now is the time to commence. 8s per doz. ; in 5 in. 13i. per doz. H. CANSELL AND SONS. Swanley. lOLAS. — VIOLAS. — VIOLAS. strong healthy Cuttings, post-free. 25 in 13 Best Distinct Varieties 2j. 80ini;.5 ,, „ 3s. 6d. 100 in 50 „ 6s- . Seed from a Collection ot over 80 of the Beat Varietie?, 6d. and Is. per packet. WILLIAM POTTEN, Camden Nurseries, Cranbrook, Kent. To the Trade. BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer a very • extensive and unusually well-arown Stcck of ERICAS (Byemalisand the other varieties) ; EPACRtS. SOLANUMS, GENISTAS. CYCLAMEN, DOUBLE WalTE PRIMULAS, BOU VARDIAS, of sorts ; ADI ANTUM CUNEiTUM, and other FERNS- PALMS, in vaiiety; GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS. STEPHANOrH, DIPLADENIAS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, TREE CARN ATIONS of sorts ; TEA ROSES in pots ; BORONIAS of sorts ; VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade Catalogues forwarded on applicition. The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on Tuesday, September 1-5. Burnt Ash Boad Nurseries, Lee, S.E. MUNGO CHAPMAN, late of Easter Dnd- dlogston Lodge, Mid-Lothian, begs to intimate to hie friends and acquaintances that he retires from his present situation on the 20th of the present month. He has arranged to reside at St. Ninians, near Stirling, where he intends to commence the Cultivation and Sale of Hardy Plants on his own account. With the experience gained during twenty-four years in the management of one of the most choice private collections of plants to be found in the British Isles— that of the late Charles Jenner, Eeq —Mr. Chapman can confidently undertake to supply' what is select and true to name of the most suitable plants for Borders and Rock- work. He hopes to be able soon to issue a Plant Catalogue, fiom which customers may make their own selection. In the interval, he will be fully employed in getting up Stock. May 19, 1896. DUTCH and RARE 15ULBS as Offered in E. 'H. KRELAGE AND SON'S New Bu b Catalogue, which is to be had free on application to their CtTices, HAARLEM (HOLLAND). Per lOO. Doz. Darwin Tulips, superior breeder strain, mixed, s. d. ». d. extra, per 1,000, 70s 7 « 10 best mixed, per 1,000. 35s 4 0 0 6 Parrot Tulip, crimion. brilliant, per 1.000, 70j. 7 6 13 Lilium elegans citrinum, true, scarce, each. Is. ... 10 Q venustum macranthum, each, Is. ... 10 0 Gladiolus Queen Wilhelmina, earl J (Card. CAron , July 11. 1896), each, M 7 6 English Irises, improved strain (Gar(Z. CAron., June 27, 1896), prices on application. Richardia Rehmanni. the true pink Calla, each 7s. 6(i. No packing charge. Orders above £-1 sent free todestination. £1 collection tor forcing contains £00 Bulbs; £1 collection for out-door, 1,075 Bulbs (ftrst quality only). tUTBUSH'S MILL- ' TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Everyone can readily grow Mush- rooms, and by using this Spawn will ensure success. All growers speak in high praise of the quality. Numerous Testimonials. None genuine unless in sealed packages, and printed ctd- , Uiral directions enclosed with our .rf^fflS\>i.* 'Mv^''!'^ signature attached. yOW'i ..''•'"' '^: t"'~- P'ice, 6!. per bushel. Is. extra for package ; or. Is. per cake, free per Parcel Post. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, London. N., and Barnet, Herts. C^ :'^'^,. DAFFODILS & TULIPS (BRIGHT CSLOURS). EARLY and LATE FLOWERING SORTS. "ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK Of Thirty-two Octavo Pages, Oiving complete history of the Tulip and its introduction into England, &c., by the late John Sla.teb, of Lower Brough- ton, near Manchester, a Tulip name so famous sixty or seventy years since. Nearly 150 sorts to select from, some varieties scarcely ever offered before. The book, which is entered at Stationers* Hall, is full of interest to lovers erf " old-fashioned flowers." With Daffodil List for 1S96. Price 6d.. post-free. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Daffodil and Tulip Grower, Cork, Ireland. CARTER'S Bulbs FOR EARLY FORCING. White Roman Hyacinths, very large bulbs, price 2I5. per 100 ; 3s. per dozen. Large bulbs, price 14«. per 100 ; 2s. per dozen. Large Flowered White Narcissus " Parity."— The in- dividoal blossoms are half as large again as the ordinary Taper White. Largest bulbs, price 10s. 6d. per 100 ; Is. 6d. per dozen. Double Roman Narcissus.— Largest bulbs, price 65. 6c?. per 100; Is. per dozen. Easter Lily (Lilium Harrisi). — Magnificent bulbs, price 18s. per dozen ; 2s, each. Fine bulbs, price 10s. Qd. per dozen ; Is. eaoh. ALL CARRIAGE FREE. SPECIAL PRICES FOR QUANTITILS. Sea CAaTEB'S NEW BOOK on BULBS, a profusely Illustrated Guide, of whicli "The Times" speaks as follows: — "A special feature of the publication is a series of photographs showing their bulbs in flower in the Royal Parks and Gardens of London . . . . Provincial authorities might well turn their attention to what has been done in this direction to beautify Hyde Park, Regent's Park, Victoria Park, and Battersea Park." Gratis to inteniing Customers. Seedsmen ky Royal Warrants 1» H.M. THE QUEEN and B.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WEES. 237 & i238, & 97, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS. JAMES VEITCH & SONS Rej; to announce they have received their annual supply of HY&GINTHS, NARCISSUS, TULIPS, oZ\ BULBOUS ROOTS, And are pleased to say that they are in exceptionally fine condition. BULB CATALOGUE for 1896 Hasnow been Pwted to all our Customers: anyone not having received the same, a Buplicxte Copy luill immediately be forwarded Post Free on application. RO\AL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. For Outdoor & Indoor Culture Large Collections of all the very Best Varieties of Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi, Snowdrops, Irises, Lilies, &c. Only the very hest supplied. Prices extremely moderate. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue (No. 468). POST FREE ON APPLlCATIuN. DiCKSONS Bulb Growers & Importers, CHESTER. August 22, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 209 GUTBUSH'S CARNATIONS. Awarded GOLD MEDALS at Antwerp, York, and Cardiff. 1895; the SILVER C0P at the Temple Show, and GOLD MBDAL at York, 1896; as well as many 8ILVEE MEDALS in various parts of the country. SPECIAL CATALOGUE Now Ready} including a very large number o! sterling Novelties, which may be had free upon application. The stock, probably the largest, is in the finist possible condition, being perfectly free from disease. SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON BORDER and TREE VARIETIES, are made a very grea speciality. WM. CUTBUSH & SON, HIGHGATE NURSERIES, LONDON, N., And BARNET NURSERIES, HERTS. 25 PER CENT. The r.FST IIVAOINTIIS thk WOULD rnoi icKS at SAVED! /^' 21 2d. ea(h. Before buying else where, ■ endforour CATALOGUE (kbkk) and compare prices. '^. ^. <5 'V o. EXPECTtD FAMINE 111 HyACI^vTHS To avoid ateapyoiDtment OHDEH AT ONCJS ROMAH HYACINTHS, Guaranteed tirst t-ire 10,6 P< r H)l'. MICHAEL RAINS & CO. llulb Q'Owers & See I MenlMii,!?, , MAKSELL STREET, ALT GATE LCtDON, F. And Thk Nupskhii-s Haahli-.m. Ko'iwn Hand-laid Runners and Plants in CTD AU/DCpPY Fota of the best varieties, including OinHlTULnni g^y^, sovereign, President, Sir .1. MB ■ yfo Fazton, Eritibh Queen, Keen's Seed- HLANIb. ling, Vicomtesie H. de Thury, Dr. Hogg. Noble, and others, D.icriyjtive Catalogue or 7 inches high, bearing a short raceme 7 inches in diameter, composed of about thirteen yellowish, strongly-scented flowers, whi,.h are so crowded as to appear almost umbellate. Sheathing scales two, near the base, the lowest very obtuse : bracts subtending the flowers spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about I inch long. Pedicels, with the uvary, which is short and pi'ominently grooved, about 1^ inch long. Flowers glossy, yellow, tinged with green, the inner face uf all the segments more or less speckled with red. Dorsal sepal about 1 inch long, A inch broad, apiculate, marked with nine nerves, incurved over the column ; lateral sep.ils exceeding 1| inch in length, colierent nearly throughout, but the one shortei than the other ; the two united about seven lines broad and obtuse at the end, or sometimes shortly separatsd, and the apex of each more or less pohlted, each three-nerved. Petals about 5 lines long and 3 lines broad, the midrib exserted in the form of a bristle. Labellum versatile, reddish-brown, turning to deep purple, canaliculate, and curved almost into a circle, apex blunt or somewhat elongated, the base bluntly lobed. Column-wings somewhat rhomboid, the upper point or tooth reaching above the anther. Anther-lid glossy, except for a littlo toraentum in front. t Epklindrttm gluinibrac'eum^ Rchb. f. — Uaulibus e basi tenuissima fusiformi incrassatis ad 2.'i cm. longis, 1*5 em. era sis diphyllis, cataphyllis 0 albescentibus veatitis ; foliis lintaribus loratis acuminatis mijore ad 35 cm. longo, I'.'i cm. lito minore paviliim diverao, coriaceis : racemo e btilbo nondum maturato oriente diatichantho plurifloro (7 to 10) ; braeteis glumaceis triangulis acuminatis pedicellum tantuni nee ovarium longiasimum tequantibus pedicello cum ovario 7 to 8 cm. longis ; sopalis petalis'iuo lineari-lanceoLatis acutis margine revolutis ; labelli sequilongi gynostemio adn.ati lobis lateralibus bipartitis partitione postica rhorabea margine exteriore crenulato, partit. antic i lineari f.alcata bi- dentata, lobo intermcdio lineari .ajjice ovato acuto, disco labelli ba-ii bituberculato, androcliiiii margine douticulato denticulis medianis sublongioribus. — Flores odori virides, labellum album, sepala petdlaque 3 cm. longa, 2 to 3 mm. lata, labellum ioquilongiim I \> cm. latum. F. KrAiidin. Lindl., and adds some remarks about the lip. The plant more closely resembles a somewhat slender form of Epidendrum ciliare, the bulbs of tlie leaves having nearly the same length, but not half the breadth. The spike arises from the young bulb when the leaves begin to peep out of the sheathiug leaflets of the bulb. The flower resembles a little those of Epidendrum falcatum, but they are much smaller, and the lip is quite different, the side-lobes being twolobed, and the middle one Imear, with an ovate or sub-rhomboid apex. The flower-stalk, with the ovary, is very long (7 to 8 cm.), and covered only at the base by the brownish glume-Uke bracts. The plant was originally detected by Warscewicz in Costa Rica, and the fresh material I received lately was also brought from that country. It flowered probably for the first time many years since in the collection of Mr. Paul Wolter, Magdeburg, Wilhelmstadt, one of the most zealous and the most successful German importers of to-day. Epidendrum, generally speaking, is not in fashion, and this species will not alter the ruling opinion, after all the plant is surely very easy to cultivate in a tem- perate-house. Finally, if horticulturists are not pleased to see this plant again in Europe, botanists are so. To see the catalogue of doubtful species les- sened even by one number is often more agreeable than to describe a new one. F. Knindin. KEW NOTES. SpaxHELU SIMPLEX. — This is a West Indian Ru- taeeous plant, unknown outside of botanic gardens, nevertheless tho.se who see it at Kew (where it is now in bloom in the stove) will admit that its decorative qualities are by no means unimportant. It is a tree, but flowers in a young state, and when only of small dimensions. The leaves are pinnate with twenty to thirty pairs of oblong acute serrulate pinn:e, each about I to 1 inch long. The star-shaped flowers are deep rosy lilac colour, individually small, but when gi-ouped in terminal, pyramidal, much-branched panicles, they have a very pretty effect. OnNITHOQALUM REVOLUTUM Is in bloom in the Heath-house at Kew. It is some- what like 0. arabicum in habit, but the inner surface of the perianth segments is rich olive coloured, deeply margined with white. It is a native of South Africa. Neglected Creepers. Among the many beautiful and striking creeping plants which adorn the A\'ater-Lily-house of the Royal Gardens, Kew, at this time are Thunbergia grandi- flora, with magniliccnt white tubular flowers ; Sola- num Wendlaudi, the finest of the Solanums, so fine, that the epithet majestic is hardly out of place. S. Seaforthianum is smaller, but very beautiful. It is strange that gardeners have not found out these two Solanums. One of the most singular plants to be seen now in this house is Mucuna atro-purpurea. Its flowers are so dark that they resemble in size, form, and colour bunches of black Grapes. The leaves are trifoliolate. as in the .Scarlet Ruuuers, the leaflets oblong, pointed, glabrous. It is a uativc of southern India, Malacca and Oeylon. Cyphomandra fuagrans Is now in bloom at Kew in the Temperate-house. It is a tree with ovate acuminate, dark green leave", and pendulous racemes of carapanulate flowers, each about 1 inch long, at first of a rich violet-colour, afterwards becoming olive- coloured. The Palm-Stove. The substitution of turf for gravel on the terrace on which the Palm-stove is placed is a vast improve- ment. The little bays between the projecting but- tresses on tho outside of the building are now filled with Crinums, fine foliaged Aroideaj, Eucomis of gigantic size, and other plants of interest. Helmholtzia glaberrima. Not many of our readers are, we expect, conversant with this plant. It is a native of some of the Pacific Islands, and is a tufted plart, with densa m-.isses of sword-shaped leaves, somewhat after the fashion of AuaosT 22, 1896.] THE GA RDENER S' CHR ONICL E. 211 those of the New Zealand Flax, but of a deep greeu colour, with a, promineut midrib. From their centre rises a tall pyramidal panicle of ivory-white flowers, individually small, but effective in the mass. The structure of these flowers is very interesting botani- cally, and shows the plant to be a near ally of the Philydrum, a small stove aquatic of very diflerent habit, and a botanic garden curiosity, whilst the Helmholtzia ranks with Dracicnas in decorative character. Paulownias, etc. A magniflcent effcict is produced at Kew by a bed of these plants. The stems have been cut bick to the level of the ground, or nearly so. Strong shoots with noble leaves have been formed in consequence, and they form a noble picture, worthy of imitation wherever space is available. A similar bed of greeu and purple Uiciuus is also very eS'ective, but is too close to the Palm-st-.ive to be seen to full advantage. Tea Roses at Kew. At this late period of the season it is delightful to see how well the beds of hybrid teas and teas look. Among the best are Grace Darling, C'amoens, FelUnberg. Years ago there was an impression that Roses would not, or d!d not, do well at Kew, but that impression is now wholly obliterated. EEMAEKS ON THE FRUIT CROPS. (See Tables, pp. Vli to 131.) (Continxied from p. IS.j.) 5. SOUTHERN COUNTIES. Kent. — Early spring gave great promise of immense crops of fruit of all kinds, but frosts and cold winds during the blooming period did much damage to .\pples and Black Currants. Amongst the largo number of varieties of Apples here, the best and most reliable kinds are Irish Peach, Golilen Spire, Eckliuville, Lord Suftield, Keswick and Lauo's Prince Albert. These rarieties have hardly ever failed here. .\mungst ilessert kinds, Karly Juucating, Lady Sudeley, Worcester Pearmain (must be eaten almost as soon as gathered), and Irish Peach seldom fail to crop. There are many others, such as Mr. Glad- stone, Cox's Orange, and Cockle Pippin, and that highly-flavoured late variety, Adam's Pearmuin, one must recommend, but they are not such reliable croppers in my experience as are the former. Plums are a very poor crop, and Damsons little better. Pears are fairly good. We are now gathering Colmar d'EtiS, and a delicious Pear it is if gathered and eaten direct from the tree. I would add that Rivers' Early is one of the most satisliictory sorts to be grown. It is a good cropper, and has a splendid constitution. The fruits arc good in colour, size, and flavour. Oio. Wuudward, Barham Court Gardens, Mit the heat and drought combined caused a very large proportiun ut the Apples and Pears to fall prematurely. Cherries and Apricots dropped largely also. S. T. Wri'jht, Royal Ilorlieultural Soeietij's Gardens. CMswick. SoBREY. — The great bloom of the spring, seen on all fruit trees, has not been found the precursor of fruit generally. It is not unfrequently the case : a big bloom does not always indicate fertility. We had too, at the blooming time, cold nights, with several keen frosts, followed by drought, which greatly encouraged fruit dropping and the development of insect life. ,\ltogether, fruit trees generally have had a bad time of it. Fair crops of Apples, Pears, and Plums may be seen here and there, but they are few. The Apples and Plums have not swollen well, but Pears have done better. Bush fruits seem to have been generally very good ; and Strawberries have been better than was anticipated. Peaches and Nectarines, outside, are good crops, but needing ample watering. Apricots are thin. Walnuts are generally a great crop, but small Nuts are the reverse. A. Dean, Kinyston'OnThennes. The earliness this season of stone fruit has been remarkable. Amsden June Peach was ripe in the last week of June, and Alexander Peach .and Early Favourite Plum in the first week in July. Aphides and red -spider have been very troublesome, and there is a veritable plague of earwigs. Pdieard Burrell, Claremont. In this district there h.is never been such a failure of Apples, Pears, and Plums during the twenty-five years I have spent hci"e, and seldom has there been a greater quantity of bloom than there w,^3 in spring. We sulfered little from spring frosts, but the c.iterpiliar quite denvuled the trees of foliage and of fruit. The trees iu June were almost as bare of foliage as in February. It is impossible to success- fully fight the caterpillar, for Oak trees are so abundant, that the grubs soon infest the fruit trees after cleansing them. From our terrace may be seen about 1000 Oaks quite bare of leaf in June, and each season the devastation is extended by miles. Only some natural remedy will avail. In my opinion, a severe October frost would kill the female moth when laying her eggs. Strawberries, Gooseberries, Raspberries, and Currants are, or have been, excel- lent. .-1. Eeans, Lythe Bill, Haslemere. [Does the same kind of caterpillar attack the Oaks and the fruit trees ? Ed.] Of Apples, the following varieties have heavy crops, Warner's King, Stone's, Prince Albert, Duche-ss of Oldcnburgh, Eckliuville, Lord Grosvenor, and Tower of Glamis. The following dessert varieties have average crops. Cox's Orange and Blenheim Pippins, and Brownlee's Russet. Raspberry Superlative has been very good. The crop of Strawberries was under average and soou past. C. J. SaW'r, Woodhateh Lodgr Gnrd.ns, Keitjate. SiTHREv. — All fruit trees in this district blossomed remarkably well, but a succession of slight frosts in the beginning of May caused many of the flowers to fail. Red-spider, green and black-fly, and caterpillar have been most troublesome during the continued drought. Some Apples are a full ci op, notably Kes- wick Codlin, Lord SuSield, Stirling Castle, Lane's Prince Albert, and Bismai'ck. I have never before seen heavier crops on the Crab trees, especially the Siberian. Pears are more plentiful than last year. Damson trees are heavily laden, but the foliage has sufl'ered from the attack of insects. Gooseberries are scarce. Black and Red Currants are plentiful. Cob- nuts and Filberts are most promising. (?. 11'. Cum- mins, The Grange, Wallingtun. In our heavy soil all small fruits have done well, with the exception of Raspberries, which were small. Cherries on walls, protected from birds, were very fine. Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarine-trees are clean, and- making good growth. They have splendid crops. Peaches and Nectarines will be of good size and quality. /. W. Miller, Rnxleii Lodge Gardens. Sussex. — The fruit crop in early spring promised to be one of the most abundant on record, but May frosts injured the fruits severely in this district. Gooseberries were a splendid crop, but neither Black nor Red Currants were plentiful. Some of the more hardy varieties of Plums, as the Czar, Victoria, Early Rivers, and Diamond, are good. The same may be said of Apples ; trees, however, that bore an abund- ance of fruit last season have none this. Cherries have been an abundant crop, and Pears are quite up to the average. //. C. Priusep, Buxted Park, VekMd. The following varieties of Apples are bearing the best crops— Lord Sutfield, Cox's Orange Pippin, Lane's Prince .Vlbert, Blenheim Orange, Old Non- such, Warner's King, Stirling Castle, and King of the Pippins, Of Pears — Williams' Bon Chretien, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Pitmaston Duchess, Doyennt! d'Et(5, and Jargonelle, are bearing best crops. Strawberry Royal Sovereign has been excellent here, both in pota and out of doors ; plants are sufl'ering much for want of rain. E. Bwbernj, Castle Gardens, Ariuulel. Apples carried a quantity of fine bloom, but in a large measure it failed to set. Pears are fairly good, and the fruits appear to be of good quality, especially Williams' Bon Chretien, and Marie Louise. Of Plums, Victoria, Kirke's, Cue's Golden Drop, and Jefferson's, all carry good crops. Strawberries have been a grand crop, both in quantity and quality, and there were fine fruits of Royal Sovereign, Sen- sation, and Noble. The first were ripe on June 9. C?iarhs B. Jones, Ole Ball Gardens, Banjess Bill. The foliage of Peaches and Nectarines was badly blistered in the early part of the season, but the trees are now healthy and carry good crops. Tliere is a good crop of Apples on young trees, but very few on older ones, R. Parker, Goodwood, Chiehester. Apples and Pears are very poor indeed. Cherries were loaded with good fruit. Our trees were never better, and they are quite clean. We used Strawson's Antipest Knapsack and Bentley's Liquid Quassia Extract, Gooseberries were very plentiful, and Raspberries also, G. Duncan, Warn- haui Court Gardens, Barsharn. Wiltshire. — All fruit crops in this district are good. The crop of Strawberries was of rather short duration, owing to the great drought and heat. This was especially felt in the case of plants growing in light soil. Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Cherries, Green Gage, and other varieties of choice Plums, Apples and Pears and bush fruits are satisfactory in every respect, with the exception of Apple trees iu light shallow soils, which have di-opped their fruits freely. B. W. Ward, Longford Castle, Satisbitrg. The fruit crops generally ai-e good, but insect- pests have been very troublesome. Our first Peaches were gathered from open walls on July 6 ; the variety was Waterloo ; Plums, Rivera' Early, on July 2 ; and Apricots on July i. T. Challis, Ty Gardens, W'llov Boiese. 212 THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [August 22, 1896. 7. ENGLAND, N.W. Lancashire. — Apricot trees have a good crop, and tbe fruits nre fine. Peaches and Nectai'ines are not BO numerous, but the trees are making excellent ■ growth, and are very clean. Plums are a failure. Apples and Pears had an extraordinary show of bloom, but owing to the long drought and hot weather the Pears have nearly all fallen. Apples ' ai'e a good average crop, and look very clean, the • fruit being good. Strawberries -were good, but soon over. R. Doe, The Garden', Knowslei/. Westmoreland.— Owing to the hot and dry weather during May and June, the Apple crop suffered much from maggot. In many instances the leaves were quite riddleil, and the growth crippled for the season. Cherry trees are very clean, the fruit was fine and of good flavour. Strawberries have been very good, and those that were well mulched and watered have lasted a long time. We commenced to gather ripe fruits . fully ten days earlier than we have done for several years past. K Clarke, Lowther Castle Gardens. 8. ENGLAND, S.W. Cornwall. — Strawberries in some places were a total failure, owing to the dry weather. Goose- berries, Raspberries, and red and white Currants were very jilentiful ; black Currants scarce. Of Pears there are very few. Damsons and Plums are an extra good crop. The Apples are an average crop, and look fairly well. Until the end of July, the rainfall for the year was only 7 inches. W. H. Bennett, Menabilhj. The Apple crop in East Cornwall is under average. Cold ea.st winds, when the trees were in bloom, had a blasting e6fect upon exposed trees. Strawberries have been the crop of the year. We commencedpicking Vicomtesse Hericart de Thui y from the open on May 26. This variety was closely fol- lowed by Laxtou's Noble and Iloyal Sovereign, and the crop ended with Latest of All on July 14. Bush- fruits are abuudant and good. Pears are an average crop, aud the fruits are swelling well. Until recently, we have had very little rain siuce April, but owing to a strong soil, we have not suffered much from the drought. Chiis. Page, Eucor^noc Gardens. During the first half of the ye.ar the rainfall w.as neatly 6 inches less than in th« same period in 1887. I have never known thrip, red-spider, green- fly, caterpillar, and mildew so rampant and destructive to fruit iuid vegetable crops as this season. Apples set well, but more than one half have fallen, and the remainder will be very small. Peaches are a grand crop, but the trees have entailed an enormous amount of labour in watering aud syringing. Peach Early Beatrice was gathered out-of-doors on June 26. W. Sanytohi, Trelissick, Truro. Devonshire.— The fruit crops in this district have suffered considerably from the drought. All kinds of fruit trees bloomed profusely, but set badly. Apples are thio generally, aud the fruits will be small and inferior. Pears are au average crop, but small. Strawberries were almost a failure. Plums are irregular, some varieties being plentiful, others, notably Greeu Gages, none. AU fruit is ripening somewhat prematurely, and is consequently of inferior quality. Trees much infested with insects, and making little growth. A. Fames, Ileanlon Satch- lille, Bcafurd, North Dcron. The early promise of fruits was favourable, as the mild winter was followed by a bright aud pleasant spring, and all trees flowered well and set fruit freely. The drought, however, has caused the fruit to shrivel and fall, .and that which now remains is poor. The birds would seem to have been more destructive than usual, aud if nets had not been used freely, but little small fruit would have been gathered. /K. itwan, Bystock GarJens, Exmoulh. GLOucESTEnsniRE. —The Apple crop in this district is much under average, and in many places it is a complete failure. The few Apples that are to be . found, are the commonest varieties, which last year were allowed to remain ungathered. It will not be 80 this year. Peaches and Nectarines were never better, cither in growth or fruit. Nuts are most abun- dant, and bush fruits also. Thomas S/i ingles. The Gar- dens, Falfield. The promise of the fruit crop was even better in spring than that of 1895, but the frost of May 2 and 3, together with the great drought, has had a prejudicial effect. The trees in these gardens are free from insects generally speaking, but the Cherries were affected by black-fly earlier in the season. The fruit of Apples and Pears will probably be small. There are complaints ' from some gardens of the Apple-weevil. T. E: Arnold, Cirencester Mouse. (To be continued. METHODS OF PROPAGATION. {Continued fror^t p. loii.) Budding.— In my paper on fruit-tree grafting I alluded to the universal plan of budding in the summer, and afterwards grafting all the stocks where the bud had not taken. There is little more to say on this head, except that Apples, Pears, and Plums, on whatever stock, are budded a few inches from the ground line, while Cherries are usually worked standard high, unless .the operator wishes for dwarf trees. As a rule, clean straight stems result from this plan, well adapted for orchard standards ; and when on dwarfing stocks, to form the useful and popular " amateurs' standards," which combine in one tree a cordon and a standard. Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots. One class of fruit tree is universally budded in British nurseries, though in America and elsewhere it is increased by grafting — I allude to Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots. The first two should be budded low on the Mussel Plum stock in July or August, and either left where they stand or lifted early in the autumn, and lined up for convenience of training, great care being taken to get out all the roots uninjured. If left where they are, the growth from the bud the following season is frequently too coarse and sappy, and this wood not maturing is very apt to be damaged by frost in the winter ; for this reason too high culture is not advised — the end to be desired is flue but ripe growth. The knife may be used to advantage to remove all superfluous brauchcs, that the sun's rays may enter, aud so mature the wood left. Most of the Apricots do on the same stock, but they are also budded ou the Brussels and Brompton stocks, and require the same treatment as the first-named ; but in budding, the cross cut should be used, as it facilitates the opera- tion. Quickness and lightness of touch are essential, as bruising the wood or bark too frequently causes " gumming," which is very prejudicial. As the trees of these esteemed stone fruits are mostly required for walls, they are pruned (or " edu- cated," as it is aptly termed in nurseries) accordingly. They are easily trained flat when they have made their summer growth, after being cut back in the winter somewhat hard. There is great difference in the opinion held by knifemen upon this point, some cutting back very close to the stock, others leaving some inches of the lateral growths uupruned. As in most processes connected with horticulture, wisdom here lies in the "happy medium," aud 1 will .say, though I closely prune, the other plan may sometimes be better. The next operation is what we call traiuiug, and is effected in nurseries by placing a lattice-work of stakes by the side of the tree to be trained, either diagonally, or in a rectangular fashion, but in gardens the process may be done on the walls or fences, where there are any available. A few may be left to be trained as pyramids for pot-culture in the orchard- house or Peach-house. Leading nurserymen have for the last few years, following the load of my late lamented friend, Thomas Rivers, exhibitt d some well- fruited specimens of this type of tree, the art here consisting more in securing a thoroughly ripened woo i than in any particular method of training- Avoid crossing the brauches, and crowding the shoots, endeavouring to admit all the air and sunlight into your tree possible, and there will be then reasonable expecta- tion of a crop of fruit on even twoyears-old trees. Maples, etc. Besides Roses and fruit trees, the various trees anl shrubs required to decorate our gardens and parks are conveniently propagated by budding. One of the most useful and desirable is the variegated Ash-leaved Maple (Acer Negundo variegatum). It may be budded standard high for standards, or for dwarfs and pyra- mids, as near the ground line as convenient. This may be done as soon as buds can be taken from the varie- gated form, and the sap is well up in the stock, which should be the normal green-leaved A. Negundo. The buds may bo inserted in lateral branches, as in Rose- budding, or directly into the young wood of the main stem, but on stems not more than 4 to 5 feet high the best heads form, and as the tree is naturally of an erect habit of growth, this height will be found sufficient. A French firm recommend the golden variegated form for Ught soils, and state (which is true) that it is more vigorous, does not scald in the eun, and is almost as effective. This is certainly the better of the two for standards, but for dwarfs use the old silver form. The bark of A. Negundo being very tender, I recommend the cross-cut in budding, and advise the operator to be very cautious not to bruise the bark, or allow it to dry, when inserting the bud. Bind with raflSa, and examine from time to time to see that the tie does not cut into the bark. This is a most useful shrub, and dwarf and pyramidal plants may be potted for cool conservatory work, or for the winter garden, when gently forced. Associated with any of the ordinary dark foliage plants as Lobelia Queen Victoria, the crimson-leaved Beets, or perhaps still better with the Purple Giant Orach (Atriplex hortensis purpurea), it makes a strikingly handsome bed, or if a permanent bed be desired, plant the purple-leaved Plum (Prunus Pissardi) alternately with them. This desirable foliage Plum may be raised easily by budding into any of the Plum stocks mentioned in the article " Grafting," or it may be budded standard high in a Mussel stock, or close to the ground line on the Myrobalau (Prunus myrobalana), for dwarfs, and pyramids, the best form for pots. Tho plan of budding on established trees, is often convenient and desirable, but requires judgment. While we are among the Maples, a fine effect may be conapasscd by putting a few buds of the Corstorphine Plane, or Golden Sycamore (A. pseudo-Platanus foliis aureis), into tho branches of a common Sycamore. These, if eu- couraged, aud the brauches of the stock tree are kept thinned, grow up and give a most telling effect, this being much enhanced by planting trees of the purple-leaved Sycamore in close juxtaposition to the golden one, or budding both on the same stock tree. Indeed, there seems no limit to the amount of variety that may be introduced into the shrubberies, for not only have we among this genus many hand- some variegated and finely-coloured leaves, but some of great excellence in the conspicuous variation of their foliage, note the deeply laxiniated form, Hel- dreichi, or the very vigorous light-groen kind known as A. Lobeli, of all of which buds may be procured from high-class nurseries. Lest our American cousins should feel slighted, I will just name two among Virginian Maples which may be budded on tho Norway Maple (Acer platanoides), and which should claim a place in our Arboretum were it only for the fact of their giving us such lovely tints when they are about to shed their leaves in tho autumn. Among these, the Eagle's Claw Maple (A. heterophylla laciniata), and Vier'a elegant cut-leaved kind are worthy of cultiva- tion. The Alder. Even the lovely Alder gives us some useful forms. Alnus cordata grows to a handsome tree : a good example used to adorn the Exotic Nursery, Canter- bury, while the Imperial Fern-leaved variety, alluded to in my article on "Layering," budded standard high, makes a pretty lawn-tree, and there is a lovely pendulous-branched sort of the the silvery "incana " I August 22, 1866.] THE GAEDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 213 which, for a moist situation, gives ue a weeping tree aufrerior to the Ash. The right stock for these is the common Alder (Alnus glutinosa), on which it buds freely. ROBINIAS. The Mock Acacias, touched on in the article on grafting ornamental trees, may be budded, though not easily, the safest plan being to " eye- graft " them, that is, leaving the wood in the Fig. 36.--brodi*a grandiflora. Umbel half the size of nature ; flowers violet-bhie. Dafural sizo ; two stamens and one staminoile ruiignifietl twt* diamttcrs. Fkj. 38. — BRODI.BA STELLARIS. Umbel hiiU-eize ; flowers real size, reddish-purple. shield of the bud to accurately fit this into a notch cut in the stock, which in this case should be the common White Acacia, and bind up tightly and securely with raffia, smearing on a little clay or grafting wax for further security. Decaine's and Besson's handsome flowering hybrids are the best, while the Rose Acacia, the finest for blossom, may be worked about 4 feet high, when an elegant droop- ing tree will result. Acacia Eessoniana makes a lovely avenue in sheltered pos' tions. Exjjcricnce. THE GENUS BRODI.EA AND ITS ALLIES. (DdRING the present summer, Messrs. Wallace & Co. , of Colchester, have exhibited a series of specimens of BroditCa, and allied genera, at successive meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society. The specimens were kindly entrusted to us. and were so numerous that an excellent opportunity seemed to be presented of securing illustrations, which might serve to render the genus better known. The descriptions, and the classific.tion, have been kindly undertaken for us by Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S.,who has made a special study of the petaloid Monocotyledonous plants. The draw- ings have been made by Mr. Worthing! on Smith. The inflorescecce is, in almost all cases, shown of half the natural size ; the individual flowers, and section arc shown of their real dimensions, whilst the details relating to the stamens are magnified two diameters. As to cultivation, a sunny, well drained border, and light rich soil, suits them well, or they may be grown in pots in an ordinary greenhouse. Ed.] There is a considerable number of fine American bulbous Liliaccie, nearly allied to one another, many of which have been introduced into European gardens, which have been classified so diflerently by recent authors, that their nomenclature is in a state of great confusion. The older authors, Cavanilles, Smith, Lindley, and Kunth, defined a large number of genera, of which the principal are Milla, Brodi:ea, Triteleia, Calhprora, Hesperoscordum, Dichelostemma, and Senbertia. When, in 1870, 1 monographed the gamo- phyllous Liliacese, in the eleventh volume of the Journal of the 1 tnrtcan Sucicti/, I merged all these genera into two, Brodiaea, characterised by having three out of the six stamens imperfect, and Milla, in which all the six are uniform and fertile. In 1879 Dr. Sereno • Watson worked out again the North-American species, and classified them upon a different plan. All the genera above- named he merged in Brodiaa, except Milla, which he kept up as distinct for the single Mexican species on which Cavanilles founded it. This latter plan was followed by Mr. Bentbam in the Genera Ptanlaniii), and consequently in the /lukx Kewaisis. But as Dr. Watson dealt only with the North- American species, those that inhabit South America have never been described under Brodi;ca, and, con- sequently, still stand under Milla in the Indtx Kciccmis. In 1886, Mr. James Britten, in the Journal of Botany, pointed oucthat Hookeraof Salisbury is an earher name than Brodisea of Smith. According to Kuntze, Salisbury's name was published in March, 1808, and Smith's paper was read in April, 1808, and Kuntze in his Bcvisio Gcnerum enumerates under H jokera all the species described under Brodiwa and Milla by Dr. Watson and myself, with the exception of M. uniflora. In 1886, in the Bullrliu of the Califuriiian Academi/, Dr. Greene published a valuable paper, in which all the North American species are carefully described, and several new ones added. For the old series of species he recognises three genera — Hookera, Brodiaea, and Tri- teleia ; and he describes a curious new genus under the name of Behria. Unfortunately, this paper was just too late for the new species to be included in the /mice Kcwensis. What I wish to do now, however, is not to discuss nomenclature, but to enumerate and classify the species as they now -stand, taking Erodiica in the sense in which it is vmderstood and described in the Genera Plautarum. BBODL«A. Series I.— Perfect (antheriferous) stamens three only, the three others being represented by stami- nodes. Group 1.— Umbels lax. Flowers comparatively large. Tube of perianth firm and opaque (Hoolccra, Greeue). 1. B. g.'andiflora, Smith (Hookera coronaria, Salisb.) — The original type species, which is widely spread through California, Oregon, and Washington territory. Flowers bright violet-blue, three to ten in an umbel, 1 to H inch long, with segments rather longer than the tube. Figured Hot. Mag., t. 2877 (see also fig. 36). 2. B. californica, Lindl. (Hookera califonilca Greene). — Very near B. r/randiflora, but with a longer scape, ten to twenty-five flowers in an umbel, which are IJ to 2 inches long, and vary from rose colour to deep purple. The finest of all the species for garden purposes (fig 37, p. 215). Upper part of the Sacramento Valley. 3. B. minor, S. Wats. (Hookera minor, Greene). — Near B. yrandijlora, but slender scape only 3 to 6 inches long, two to six flowers in an umbel ; flowers an inch or less long, with a more spreading limb. Southern California. <'^-X7^ Fm. 39. — BR0D1.«A ROSEA. Umbel lialf-size ; flowers real size, rosered. ^^.-^r^^oy Flu. 41.— BR0DI«A COKGESTi. Umbel balf-£ize ; flowers real size, violet. i. B. terrestris, Kellogg (Huokera terrcstris. Britten and Greene). — Umbel sessile on the ground, two to ten-flowered. Perianth less than an inch long, with a spreading limb. Staminodia yellow, with involute edges. Near the coast. San Francisco, northward to Oregon, 5. B. stellaris, S. Wats. {Hookera stellaris, Greene). — A. very rare species, discovered in Mendo- cino couniy iu 1881, by Mr. Carl Purdy. Leaves subterete. Peduncle 2 to 6 inches long. Flowers three to six in an umbel, under an inch long, reddish- purple. Anthers with an oblong wing behind. Staminodia longer than the stamens, white, emar- ginate. It hos not previously been figured (fig. 38). 6. B. leptandra (Hookera Icpiandra, Greene, Pittonia, i, 74). — Peduncle 1 foot or less long. Umbel •2-flowered ; pedicels 1 to 3 inches long ; periantii purple, 1 inch long ; segments four times the length 214 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [AnausT 22, 1896. qf the campanulate tube. Filaments and anthers each J-inch long ; staminodes pale, thin, retuse, invo- lute, a little longer than the anthers. Calistoga, California. Discovered in 1SS7 by the late Dr. Parry. 7. B. rosea {Honkcra rosea, Greene). — Leaves ajibterete. Peduncle 3 to 6 inches long. Flowers five to eight in an umbel, under 1 inch long, rose- red. Free portion of fertile filaments dilated ; sta- miuodia white, ligulate, obtuse, entire, rather longer than the anthers (fig. -39, p. 213). Discovered in Lake County in 1884 by Mrs. Curran, and lately introduced by Mesars. Wallace. 8. B. filifolia, S.Wats. (Jlookcmjilifolia, Greene). — Leaves slightly flattened. Peduncle i to 1 foot long. Flowers three to six in an umbel, dark, J to J inch long. Anthers nearly twice the length of the triangular staminodia. There are specimens in the Kew herbarium col- lected in the San Bernadino Valley by Dr. Vasey and Mr. W. G. Wright, but I have not seen it alive. .p. B. Orcuttii {Uookera Omittii, Greene). — Peduncle stout, 1 foot or more long. Leaves linear, not terete, flat or conduplicate. Flowers five to fifteen in an umbel, under an inch long, bright lilac, with a very short tube. Filaments longer than the an- thers ; staminodia reduced to a small triangular scale. Discovered by Mr. C. R. Oreutt in 1884, in San Diego country, and recently introduced into England by Messrs. Wallace. It has not been previously figured (fig. 40, p. 215). Group 2. — Flowers much smaller and more tender than in the last group, many in a dense umbel. {Brodicea, Greene, pro parte). 10. B. multiflora, Benth. {B. panitiora, Torrey and Gray). — Flowers six to twenty in an umbel ; pedicels short or obsolete. Perianth blue. 8 to 10 lines long ; segments oblong, as long as the tube. Anthers sessile ; staminodia lanceolate, entire. Central California to Oregon and Utah, iu the mountains. Figured Bot. Mag., t. 6598 and Garten- itora, t. 752. 11. B. congesta, UrmihlDichelostemmacongcsta, Kuuth). — Leaves subterete, evanescent. Peduncle 3 to 5 feet long, flexuose. Flowers six to twelve in an umbel, deep violet, sessile, or nearly so. Perianth 8 to 9 lines long ; segments about as long as the tube. Anthers sessile : staminodia bifid, purple, spreading with the segments of the perianth. Central California to the borders of British Columbia, among.st the lower hills. Exactly resembles Uookera pulchella, Salisb., t. 117, but that has six fert,ile stamens (fig. 4 1 ). This^ finishes the species of the first series. I must reserve till another issue, the account of those with six per£, ct anthers. /. G. Baker. ; (To hf. continued). Gmelini, S. Limonium, the last being a native plant, less ornamental than the others. Of smaller kinds, I may mention S. incana, said to be synonymous with S. tatarica. The dwarfer kinds grow readily from seed, and a large number may easily be gi'own without proving an incumbrance to the flower beds. To do justice to those with spreading heads we mvist give them ample room to grow without being crowded. This is essential to their ornamental qualities ; and it may be remarked in passing, that neglect to provide this necessary room is capable of spoil- ing the beauty of another plant which is at its best in hot sunny seasons, Gypsojihila panicu- lata. A balloon of this, 4 feet high, and 6 feet through, is an ornament to any garden, but when it is seen struggling to get its head through a mass of tall surroundings, it presents a very ordinary and shabby appearance. C. Wolley Doil, Edge Hall. Veratrdm nigrum. This is one of the best fine-foliaged hardy plants we have for use as isolated specimens on grass. If planted near the edges of shrubbery borders, or at a safe distance from clumps of shrubs, it has a very fine effect all through the earlj summer months by reason of the foliage alone ; but this is increased when its spikes of flowers open. They last in good condi- tion from two to three weeks, and stand erect and stately without need of tying. The flowers .are of an unusual colour, being very dark brown. The plant prefers a somewhat shady and moist position, and is by no means difficidt to grow, if it gets a fair amount of moisture and nourishment. W. H. Divers, Belvoir Castle Gardens. The Hardy Flower Border, STATICES. In such a season as this, when July flowers were past before their usual time, and when summer Phloxes have narrowly escaped failure through drought, one naturally looks round to see what tenants of the hardy flower border can be relied upon to make a show in another such season. Several members of the geuu.s Statice, or !5ea Lavender, are conspicuous, and seem to enjoy such conditions of weather as have prevailed. I am speakiug only of the hardy perenaials of .the genus ; and though I am unable to speak with certainty of the names, I have about half-a-dozen kinds here now in flower which c6htribute larjely to the gaiety of the g.arden. There is a strong family likeness among.st the Sea Lavenders, and it is perhaps not too much to say that all the hardy kinds are good, whether correctly named or not. The finest is one I have always grown as S. latifolia, making a large panicle 2 feet high aud nearly a yard across, and lasting in flower a long time— in fact, being everlastini, if cut at an early stage. Other names of tall kinds are S. elata, S. THE BEDDING IN HYDE PARK. The flower-beds near Park Lane have looked charming recently, and the rains have encouraged growth .and given the plants a fresher appearance. The cooler weather has also had a beneficial influence upon the plants. The system of blending is a great improvement upon the formal carpet bedding which was once so popular, as it allows of the use of a much greater variety of plants. The whole arrangement of the bedding constitutes an object-lesson to those in a position to turn such an experience to useful account. To refer to some of the beds noted on a recent visit, we saw one filled with Fuchsias, some plants of the yellow Calceolaria araplexicaulis, aud Tiger- Lilies, with a ground-work of Alternanthera within a band of the golden Lysimachia, A bed of Palms arranged thinly on a carpet of Alternanthera versi- color, having some smaller plants of Tuberors Begonias and Chara;opeuce diacantha peeping out from amongst them, surrounded by a biind of Alternan- thera amccna proved an effective and pretty picture. A good bed of Lilium speciosum with a ground-work of Senecio elegans produced a novel and pleasing effect. A bed of Godetias in various colours looked well atanearlier date, but the hot, dry weather caused the plants to go off early. A good show is being made with Lilium speciosum album, togetlier with some plants of Ivy-leaved Pelargonium, and a dark- flowered Scabious. In the next series there are two beds of white Marguerites, with blue Cornflower interspersed. A pretty sight is )>romised shortly from two beds of L'lium speciosum, having the yellow Chrysanthemum, JarJin des Plantcs, imder them. Between these two beds is a charming one composed of Calceolaria amplexicaxilis and Campanula pyra- raida'is, blue and white mixed. The weather hiis been somewhat again.st the plants but now they are making headway, and the bed will be a good one during the .autumn. We next note a small bed of Chry.santhemum Gentleness, a pretty piok-flovvering variety, which has succeeded Carnation Montague. Araucaria excelsa above a ground-work of mixed Pansies is novel and pleasing. The two adjoining beds were lately filled with Carnations. These have now been cleared away, and a pretty mixed bed of Liliums, Oaillardias, Maurandya Barclayana, kc, and a carpet of Alternanthera is now seen. The other bed has been tilled with Chrysan- themum Harvest Home, which will make a splendid late flowering bed. Looking very well was an arrangement of mixed Fuchsias and Campanula pyramidalis with Lobelia cardinalis, having a carpet of Godetia and Begonia Princess Beatrice. On either side of Mount Street Gate tliere were two very pretty beds of Bronze Pansies with some " dot ' ' plants of White Marguerites, but these have been suc- ceeded by Fuchsia Scarcity, having some white Scabious interspersed, making a very pretty bed. In the next row of beds, from Mount Street Gate to Grosvenor Gate, are some very good combinations. The extreme beds at either end contain standard Fuchsias, Ivy- leaved Pelargoniums, Campanula pyriamidalis, Nico- tiaua adiais, and Papaver nudicaule, the whole making a pretty and varied picture, particularly iu the evening. The next pair are full of standard Heliotropes, with Acalypha grandiflora and white Antirrhinums, which have done only moderately well owing to the hot weather, but are now improving. The carpet of mixed Verbenas has been making a good show all the summer. There are next two beds of the beautiful French Cannas ; the pl.ants are now coming into bloom, and promise to make a good show. The centre bed of Plumbago capensis has done very well ; the mixed Petunias planted under them h,ave created a grand display, the hot, dry weather suiting them well. Near Grosvenor Gate, the extreme bed has Araucaria excelsa, with a ground- work of Begonia Princess Beatrice, and some dot plants of Ophiopogon variegatus, the light green of the Araucaria contrasting well with the pale flowers of the Begonia. Turning round and glancing at the pair of beds on our right, the first is a round one, and very pretty. It is planted with Carnation Crimson Clove, inter- spersed with some plants of Lobelia cardinalis and yellow Salpiglossis. Fuchsia Scarcity, with a carpet of Ten-week Stocks, in the other one, produces an .abundance of bloom and perfume. Crimson Pelargoniums, with a carpet of white Pelargoniums and a band of the bronze Fuchsia Meteor make a good bed. Acacia lophantha, Begonia semperfloreus rubra, with Amaranthus tricolor, and Phalaugium variegitura, make a varied display iu two other beds. There are two beds filled to advantage with large plants of Fuchsia, Mrs. Mar- shall, over a carpet of Viola Holyrood. We next notice a pair containing Tuberous Begonias (crimson), producing a splendid display of bloom carpeted with the golden Lysimachia. A very pretty bed is that of crimson flowering Pelargoniums with the Golden Privet, Francoa ramosa, and Statice Suworowi, with its feather lavender-coloured flowers between them. Another bed has been planted with Fuchsias and a carpet of Ten-week Stocks, surrounded with a band of Fuchsia Kxv] of Beaoonsfield A very pretty bed is made with Grevillea robusta. Begonia aeraperdorens (pink), Phalaugium variegatum, aud Amarauthus tricolor. Two beds of crimson-flowered tuberous Begonias, with a ground-work of Harri- son's Musk, make a grand show, and a very pretty pair of beds is composed of pink Pelargoniums having plants of the white-flowered Abutilon Boule de Neige and orange-coloured Salpiglossis interspersed. There are two carpet beds near Moimt Street Gate ; one has a central figure filled with Alternanthera versi- color, with dot plants of Draoicuas, Ophiopogons, and Carex europeus, the other with Alternanthera amocna, surrounded by Echeverias and Alternanthera aurea, having dot plants of Dracwna rubra and succulents. A large circular bed, having Plumbago capensis, Lantana (iueen Victoria, aud scarlet Trop.a?olum, ' aud a carpet of Coleus Crown Jewel, looks well. Two small circles filled with Cuphea platycentra, grown into pyramids, and carpeted with Alter- nanthera, make very pretty beds. Plants have been put in the grass, consisting of groups of Bamboos, Eucalyptus, and Palms, and they make an imposing displ.ay, which obtains general approval. A range of beds from Grosvenor Gate to the M.arble Arch is filled with Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, &e.. AuonsT 22, 1896.] THE GAB DENE BS' CHBONICLE. 215 '■^ \J Fig. 37. — BRODi^ffiA calitornica. Umbel half-size ; flowers of the real size, purplish ; sUimens. Ac, laa^Ged two diajnetcrs. (Soe p. 2"3 ) the most conspieuou'! bein; occup'ed Ly Felar- g miuti West Brighton Gem, the season having Baited Pelargoniums. Sonae beds north of Kotten Row near the band- s'.'ind are filled with subtropical plants, but two have i«;n fillel with the hardy Willow-weed, Epilobiuoi a igustifoliuto, and Lythrum ros'um, which have been dowering continuously for the past three months. The waterfall at the Dell has been improved, the water-space havia.^ been enlarged. Water Lilies and aquatic plants near the margin make it an attractive spot. Ml-. W. Browne, the Paik Superintendent, may be congratulated upjn his tasteful arrangements this season. J. B. Vegetables, Fro. 40.— BROi)ia:A ORcnmi. Umbel half-size ; tiowers real size, lilac ; stamens, 4e., magnified two diameters. (See p. 214.) VEITCH'S MAIN CROP PEA. This ha^ a;ain been so satisfactory with me this ee.ason, that I cannot refrain from calling attention to it in the pages of the Gardeners' ChrnnicU. Its height this year has not exceeded 3 feet. It has maintained Its true branching character ; the haulm ia strong and vigorous, the pods are produced in pairs, in pro- fusion :. they are large and handsome in appearance, and contain eight to eleven Peas in each, and they are of excellent colour and flavour when cooked. As a drought-resisting Pea. it has proved itself this season to be one of the very best. It would be interesting to know whether it has done well on hot, sandy ground. Our soil here is a heavy loam /. E , Noilell P, io'j/ Gardeni. New Varieties of Dwanr Bean. By hybridising and selecting. Mr. Smythe has been successful in producing as many as six or eight varie- ties of Phaseolus multiflonis type, but of dwarf habit, and has for two or three years been testing their rharacter, they having in every way fully justified his estimation of them. Last year I received test samples of five or six Borts, and they have proved invaluable for supplying the wants of the kitchen in this exceptionally dry seasoiL The seeds of each variety are different in colour, as are also the flowers. The racemes are long, and the height of the plant does not exceed 18 inches, the pods being of a beautiful shape, and of a very crisp, fleshy character, and of splendid flavour when cooked. I have been gathering continually since the last week in June, and have no* some rows heavily cropped. It is only necessary to compare them with Runner Bean to see the superiority of these novelties over their parents. At the present time there are here eleven rows of Runner Beans, 12 feet high, in the best of health, yet hundreds of r,icein«s with only two or three Beans developed ; all the other flowers have dropped off owing to the dry season, and hundreds have no Beans upon them at all. Mr. Smythe tells me he has had, and has now, very heavy crops upon plants of the new varieties he has grown for consumption at Basing Park, notwith- standing there has been no rain there for four monthe, and the garden is situated on a hill. I have no hesitation in saying Mr. Smythe has raised one of the best strains of Beans in cultivation. I shall grow no other myself when 1 can get a sufficient hupply of seed. G. A. Bishof,, WiijIUickk Mano> Gardens. PRACTICAL FRUIT-GROWING IN AUSTRALIA. In New South Wales is to be found a practically nnlimited field lor fruit-growin;; enterprise, especially on the part of those conversant with the better kinds of fruit, improved modes of cultivation, and proper methods for packing for the home market or for export, the failure of many experimental shipments of Australian fruit to London and elsewhere being largely due to defective packing. It has been roughly estimated that from one-quarter to one-third of the surface of the colony, representing an area of several million acres, is suitable for fruit-growing purposes, the fruits including almost every description grown in 216 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [August 22, 1896. , femperate and sub-tropical countries. Yet the total productive area under orchards and fruit gardens in 1895 was only 21,465 acres, the quantity of fruit ; pbtained being, far behind the demand for local con- sumption, and necessitating the importation of consi- derable quantities from other countries. The value of these, imports in 1895 was considerable, that of Apples and other ordinary fresh fruits, principally I, from Tasmania, being £100,465. The fruits exported i .from New South Wales consist almost exclusively of Oranges and Lemons, and it is anticipated that in the near future the export trade in these will become J" largely augmented, as every known variety of these fruits can be grown with ease in the colony ; and, besides, the fruit can be delivered in London, Man- chester, and other ports during those months of the year when there is no supply from Spain and other countries in Southern Europe. The area under Orange and Lemon trees in 1895 comprised 12,204 acres; the productive area, 9,242 acres ; and the total yield, 8,703,252 dozen, or an average of 940 dozen to the acre. It is estimated that over 3,000 dozen of fruit to the acre can be obtained in an average season from fair -sized trees in full bearing. It is therefore probable that the figures for 1895 included the returns from a considerable number of young tree?. Most of the orangeries are situated withiu a few miles of Sydney — a result, probably, of proximity to the metropolitan market, as there are thousands of acres equally adapted for Orange cultivation in the greater portion of the coastal districts of the colony. The possibilities of Orange cultivation in New South Wales warrant the anticipation that the leading British houses engaged in the marmalade manufacture may see their way, at no' remote period, to the establishment of branch works in the colony. The production of candied Citron, Orange, and Lemon-peels, could be undertaken with success by reason, not only of the abundance and cheapness of tlie necessary fruit, sugar, &c., but also because of there being a fair supply of the requisite labour. All this would have been effected long since, Ijut, as Mr. Coghlan remarks, for " tlie pro- verbial antigouism of the Briton to culture of any fruit, cereal, or fabric-plant unknown to the climatic zone of his natii-e laud," which "has hitlierto injuriously operated against the introduction of many vege- table staples which experiment and experience have amply demonstrated would flourish luxu- riantly in Australia, to the advantage both of the individual and of the community." Next in im- portance to the Citrus fruits is the Grape, the production of which has steadily increased of late years, the total area planted with Vines being now nearly seven times what it was in the year 1882, when it stood at 1130 acres, of which number Grapes from 562 acres were gathered for wine-making, the total production being 85,328 gallons. The yields for the years 187C, 1877, 1880, and 1892 were the best of the series. The total number of Vine-growers in 1895 was 2054. The average area of each vineyard was 3'7 acres, and the area planted with Vines still in an unproductive state was 744 acres. In 1894, the area under cultivation for table Grapes was 2358 acres, producing 4617 tons of Grapes, or an average yield of about 2 tons per acre. Large quantities of Muscatel aiid other Grapes could be profitably exported by those familiar with the methods of packing prac- tised in Spain, Portugal, and other countries. So far, no effort has been made in New South Wales to pre- pare Raisin fruits for foreign consumption, although there exist undoubted possibilities for a large export trade in this direction. Experiments made in drying Grapes and Currants of Australian culture have met with success in the London markets, and experts have declared the product to be of the highest quality. These experiments were made in Victoria and .South Australia, but New South Wales is, perhaps, even iliore favourably situated for the prosecution of this industry than either of the sister colonies, and with the extension of settlement, and tlie falling out of cultivation of the few products more cheaply grown in other and more suitably climatic parts of the world, the building up of a "large export trade in Kaisins, Muscatels, dried Currants, Figs, .and other staples PiBCuliar to the isles of the Levant and the Greciaji peninsula may reasonably be expected. INDIA. — ♦ — ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. The season from October to March was abnormally dry, and many plants and trees perished or were damaged by the drought. Steady progress has. how- ever, been made in improving the Botanic Garden, not only as a scientific centre for botanical student^, but also as a pleasure resort for the public. Several garden roads were repaired, and the new road run- ning' from the Shalimar Point to the Garden was opened for traffic by the Public Works Department. The steps leading to Colonel Kyd's monument were renovated and paved with marble ; and a cutting from the sacred Bo tree at Budh Gaya was presented by Mr. Grierson, late Magistrate of Howrah, and planted in the garden. Attention was, as usual, given to the cultivation and distribution of plants of economic viilue. Among these the Sida, a fibre-producing plant, and the Adha- toda Vasica, a decoction of which is popularly believed to be a powerful insecticide in Tea plantations, were cultivated at the instance of the reporter on economic products. The decoction of Adhatoda Vasica was submitted to a test, but the results are reported to have been of a somewhat doubtful nature. The collection in the Herbarium was increased by more than 17,001) specimens, the chief contributors being the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and the Keeper of the Botanical Department of the National History Museum, London. A gigantic specimen of the beautiful Australian Fern, Todea barbara, weighing upwards of half a ton, was presented to the- garden by the distinguished botanist, Bai'onSir Ferdinand von Mueller, K.C.M.G., F.U.S. sary that the surrounding plants be kept within their proper limits, so that the outline of the former may be evident. Remove any decaying stems or foliage from the beds frequently, that the beds may be kept in good condition as long as possible. Dahlias, whether planted singly or in beds, will require fre- quent attention in the matter of .securing the growths against high winds. Earwigs are doing considerable damage among Dahlias, and should be looked for constantly. Flower-seeds of .any particular variety of plant it may be desirable to save should be gathered as fast as they ripen. ROSES are still suffering from the effects of the drought, and it ia not likely they will afford a great q uantity of bloom during the coming autumn. Where, however, the raiufall has been sufficient to thoroughly moisten the roots, or artificial watering has been per- sisted in, better results may be obtiined. The plants may be helped a little by removing all dead or decaying leaves and flowers, and wealc or exhausted wood. Where the late growths are already showing flower-buds, in such varieties as Gloire de Dijon, La France, Souvenir de la Malmiison, and other strong growers, these should be thinned out to one or two buds, which will give them a better chance to mature. If it be possible to afford the plants a good soaking with weak farmyard-manure liquid, it should be given them without delay. ANTIRRHINUMS have this season been exception- ally useful, having produced a wedth of bloom both in beds and borders. For cutting purposes the taller varieties are to bo recommended, but for planting in beds or front lines of ribbon borders, the dwarf varie- ties are preferable (see fig. 43). ZINNIAS are deservedly popuLar, as they afford such a variety of colour in the flowers. For small beds or border* the dwarf varieties ai-e undoubtedly to be preferred : but where a bold show of colour is desirable, the tall, large-flowering varieties should be employed. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. Orchid Notes and Gleanings bi/jno. mcintvre, Garteeacr, froodsiiie, Dartinjftm. CATTLEYA (L^ELIA) CRISPA. The largest specimen of thi-i that has yet come under my notice is now in flower in the Orchid-houses of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liver- pool. It is a plant with nearly 300 bulbs, and has a large number of leads, growing strongly on a huge Teak-wood raft at one end of the Cattleya-house. The plant has been in this collection a number of years, and has increased in vigour and floriferousness year after year. At the ■ present time it has ten spikes, each bearing five>or six beautifully-marked flowers of large size and substance. It is a credit to Mr. Thomas Archer, the head gardener. ;Renanthera (Vanda) Lowii 's also flowering in the above collection, and bears a spike over 4 feet long, which is still extending. At the present time there are thirty flowers and buds ; this number will be greatly increased before the extremity of the spike is visible. /. /. The Week's Work. THE FLOWER GARDEN. Bij Hkdlky Warrkn, Gardeiier, Aston Clinton, Tring. GENERAL WORK. — The mowing, sweeping, and rolling of lawns and walks will require a great deal of time and attention. Evergreen hedges that have not yet been clipped, should be attended to without delay. In districts where the rainfall has been mode- rate only, continue to water recently-planted trees and shrubs. The mulching placed over the roots when planted should not be removed. Propaga- tion should be pushed on as rapidly as pos- sible. Some varieties of Pelargonium have made but little growth, and most of it late in the season. Select the best cuttings for present prop.agation, and next month lift the plants and pot them into 60- sized pots, in which they may be wintered. They will then afford .an abundance of growths early in the spring suitable for propagation. Lobelias that are flowering less freely than formerly will make renewed growth if all decaying flowers be clipped off the plants. In beds where dot plants have been used, care is neces- PELARGONIUMS. — Zonal varieties intended for autumn .and winter blooming, having filled their pots with roots, may now be given weak dilutions of liquid- manure from the farm-yard, or an occasional sprink- ling with a good fertiliser. A portion of the plants may now be allowed to flower for avitumn use, but continue to remove the flower-buds from the others imtil another month or six weeks has past in order that they may bloom well during winter. Those of the Regal type wl ich have finished flowering should be given less water preparatory to their annual rest. At the present time, a quantity may be propagated to form young stock. We generally find that Pelar- goniums older than two years are less satisfactory than younger plants. Take oft' the shoots about 4 inches long, and insert them singly iu thumb-pots, filled with a light compost of loam, leaf-soil, and silver-s• Messrs. Proiheroe ll Morris' J Rooms. ( Great Tr.ade Sale of Dutch Bulbs at 27 r Messrs. Protheroe &. BIolTis' ) Rooms. 1 Important Sale of Established 23 [- and Imported Orchids at Pro- } theroe & Morris" Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE EX- SUING WlCEK, DEDUCED FROM OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK — 61'1°. Before many of our readers Ga'rtnM^arTet. could have had the last issue of the Gardeners' Chrouirh, the con- tingency to which we therein alluded happened. Fortunately the outbreak took place in the fore- noon, when the market work was practically over for the day, so that it was soon discovered, but as the subjoined extracts from, the Times show, it was not easily extinguished. Those familiar with the Foreign Fruit Market will agree with us that were it not for the free use of iron and concrete in its construction the necessary conditions for a big fire are abun- dantly provided in the building, and specially in the neighbouring premises. It shows well for the watchfulness of the custodians that such a fire has not long since happened. Perhaps now precautions will be taken to lessen the risk by the speedy removal of in- flammable material and the adoption of all reasonable and obvious precautions. "A fire of an aUirming character broke out at half-past 11 o'clock on Friday morning in the Floral Hall of Covent Garden Markec. The hall stands by the side of Covent Garden Theatre, extending backwards from Bow Street nearly 100 yards. It is about 40 yards wide, and has a glass roof. Inside, on the ground floor, are row.s of woijden stalls, &c., rented by the mirket salesmen, and these lie well back on each side, while the centre of the great hall is generally piled up with masses of every kind of fruit in baskets and boxes, and on flower market days with tiers of flowers. The building, which is of red brick, was supposed to be fireproof, and the ground floor is of solid concrete. Underneath are extensive cellars, also rented by the market salesmen, an 1 used chiefly for the storage of thousands of empty crates and baskets. The sales were proceeding actively in the body of the Floral Hall, when smoke was observed curling up from the IJow Strejt end of the structure, appa-ently from the north-eastern corner. Gradually the volumes of smoke increased in density, and a sharp breeze from the south-east blew the smoke well into the interior of the building. Measures were taken to remove the great masses of fruit, Ac, which were conta'ined within the building, and mes- sengers were despatched to ring the lire-alarms in the neigh- bourhood and to call the firemen. At 113) the alarm com- municating with the Scotland Yard Fire Stitiou was pulled from Long Acre, and as the engine was turued out of the station and w.is g.iUoped along the Strand, the clouds of smoke rising fri>m the direction of the market could be seen. 3m.>ke was now pouring out of every dojr in the building in thick clouds. It was obvious that the tire had o --tained a very strong hold of the basement, and the difficult task which had to be performed was to localise the actual seat of the outbreak. A message from the fire was telephoned all over London to the effect that the Floral Hall of Covent Garden Market was well alight. Although a strong force soon gathered at the scene, the work was of the most puzzUng description, aud at the same time had to be carried out under extremely difficult cii curastauces. In the front of the building, as well as inside, there were large, square ' sun-lights ' in the floor, consisting of iron frameworks, divided into minute squares, which in their turn were filled iu with thick glass of peculiar shape. The glass was histily hammered in and the water poured down through the framework; but soon after- wards the frameworks were taken out, and the firemen stood at the square holes, from which came clouds of pungent, sufl'ocatiug smoke, and steadily directed the hydrants into the basement. After six hydrants had been set to work five steamers were brought into play, but by this time the firemeu were working in what seemed to be a thick fog. which had extended over the whole of the great hall, audjwas temporarily choking and blinding all concerned. When the brigade had been at work for an hour it was declared that the fire was still extending, and it was decided to call up aid from other districts in London. Firemen were sent up on the roof t> hac'f away the glass, and so give vent to .some of the smoke. The holes thus made soon had a very beneficial effect. Mr. G.\mble, finding that his men were still baffled in their efforts to reach the heart of the fire, and were quite unable to get down into the basement, determined to try an American patent in the shape of a respirator with eye-glasses fitted, for which the merit was claimed that a firenxan can enter the densest soioke without inconvenience. Fireman Allshorn, who is attached to the Southwark headquarters, put on the apparatus, and, a rope being tied round him, he was lowered into the basement at the Bow Street end. He presently returned, and was able to indicate the exact position of the fire, which was in the north-eastern corner of the building and close to the Covent Garden Theatre. The appliances were then concentrated in this direction, and it was soon obvious that the deliveries were having an effective result. Tlie smoke momentarily decreased iu volume, and at a quarter past I o'clock the brigade had reached the centre of the fire, and were enabled half an hour later to complete the work of extinction. How the fire origiuated is unknown." A "Jadoo" Conservatory.— The conserva- tory at Eastcliff, Teignmouth, of which we on p. •21!' give au illustratioQ (from a photograph by Denny, o£ Exeter and Teignmouth), diflfera from all others that have hitherto come under our notice, in that all the pot-plants used iu it are grown, not in soil or earth of any kind, but in Jadoo fibre, which, as many of our readers know, is peat-moss boiled in certain chemicals. The plants grown in the hangiug-baskets are iu the same material, which, being'only half the weight of ordinary mould, permits of baskets being used in con- servatories, the rafters of which would not be strong enough to bear the weight of baskets filled in the usual way. There is nothing particularly novel or uncommon about the plants used, if we except a basket filled with Asparagus Sprengeri, which has an exceedinglylight, graceful character. A portion of the roof is covered with a profusion of flowers of Ipomo;a Learii. This and the old specimen of Helio- trope which luxuriates over one of the walls are the only plants not growing in Jadoo. The others con- sist of Fuchsias, Cannas, Tuberoses, Gladioli, Liliums lancifolium audtigriuum, white Marguerites, Begonias red, white, and yellow, self-coloured Carnations, Streptocarpus, Kalosanthes, Abutilons, Ivy-leaved Pelargonium (Souvenir de Charles Turner), and Lo- belias. These, mixed with green and coloured foliage of Ferns of many kinds, Coleus. Strobilauthe3,.0phio- pogou, Panicum, laolepis, and Selagiuellas, have been well arranged by the gardener, Mr. Symes, who has produced a very pleasing effect. Jadoo fibre is reputed to improve the colour of flowers grown in it ; this was very noticeable in the display of blooms in this conservatory, where the purity and brightness of the colours were very unusual. Colonel Halfobd Thompson may be congratulated upon this desirable result of growing flowers in Jadoo. Horticultural Department of the Antwerp Zoological [Gardens.— Among the various fine groups of plants here is a very interesting collection of Agaves. Among them |are Agaves Victoria Regina (A. consideranti), rare and little known ; BeguinI, a novelty ;. Pouettii, also new ; Ousselghemiaua, mitraiformis, coerulescens, an ex- cellent variety ; unlvittata ol.iscura, Gibeyi, also new, as is Bilmondii. I would mention, further, the beautiful Fourcroya Lindenia, Euphorbia co^ru- lesceus, grandis, mamillaris. and grandicornis. The peat plants include species of Andromeda. Skimmia, Vaccinium, Rhododendron, Kalmia, Azalea, aud Ledum. The collection of Ericas includes all the species known in Belgium. Very fine also are Andro- meda tetragona. Lyonia, and Pernettya angustifolia. Among the species and varieties of perennials, I noticed Cypripediuta calceolus and spectabile. which flower annually ; Spigelia marylandica. fine varieties of Iris Ksempferi, of Liatris spicata, Statice, Spiraea Bumalda Anthony Waterer, and Phlox Snowball. Alpines are well represented. I saw Caucasian Pri- mulas which had seeded, Campanula Zouckii (Zoysii ?). Edelweiss, Aquilegia Bertoloni, Gentiana gelida, aaclepiadea, septeatrionalis, AciKua microphylla, Scutellaria alpina, Erica mediterranea. Aster al- piuus, a fine specimen of Juniperus tamarisci- folia, and pretty species of Epimedium and Saxifrage. In a small stream grow and flower Nymphtea rosea, alba, and Marliacea maorotella fol. marmoratia. A tree Heliotrope here is very fine ; it measiu-ea about 12 feet high by 6 feet acro«, and was grown from a cutting made in 1849. Five of its . descendants are now nearly 5 feet high ; all the plants bloom freely. One very effective decorative group is composed of fine specimens of Chamaerops Fortune!, Phoiuix tenuis, ' Areca Baueri, Chamsrops excelsa, C. e. pumila, Musa ensete, Dracaena indivisa, Phor- mlum Colensoi, Draca;na australis. Fourcroya Lindeni, and Caladium esculentum. The base of this bed is enlivened with hardy perennials and Alternanthera amccua aud paronychnoides, tuberous Begonias, Viola azurea, Ophiopogon jaburan, Phalan- gium angustifoliuiu. Cineraria argentea plumosa. Lobelia, aud other plants. There are also here baskets of tuberous Begonias, giant summer Stocks, and Roses ; clumps of Tritoma (Kniphofia), Lilium auratum, Montbretia crocosmceflora, and Gladiolus ; an-angemeuts with fringed double Petunias, Canna, Erythrina cristagalli. Zonal Pelargonium var. Foucard, Zinnia, and Heliotropum peruvianum. The excellent order in which the garden is kept is owing to the skill of the Director, M. L' Ho est, and the intelli- gence and zeal of the gardener, M. Louis Blockx. Ch. De B. Royal Horticultural Society.— The next meeting of the Fruit and Floral Committees will be held in the Drill Hall, James' Street, Westminster, on Tuesday, August 25. A lecture will be given at 3 o'clock by Mr. T. Jannoch, F.R.H.S., Dersingham, on " Forcing Lily of the Valley." Records of the Past.— We take the follow- ing extract from Jackson's Oxford Journal, it being a reprint from one of the back numbers of that journal for 1767: — "Beyond Description. — Advt., May 20, 1767. To be sold at Bloxham, Oxfordshire, by Edward Nblder, gardener, his entirely new and true both Cabbage and Winter Green miraculous plants (so called from their dififerent forms) which, when they are at their full growth, are innumerable ; nor can the like be produced by all Europe. The abovesaid forms, which appear on the leaves when at their full growth, are from 5 to 9 inches in length, and not only the finest pickle, but also the most noble garnish that ever were made use of, and when boiled (which is done iu a few minutes) they are of the most agreeable flavour. The Cabbage plants, when in per- fection, measure, at the extremity of their leaves, from 3 to 20 feet in circumference. They stand the winter exceeding stout, and are in short, both pleasing and profitable, aBFording more variety than a hundred flowering shrubs, nor can the most exquisite work- man delineate the same either with pen or peucil, they being beyond all description. Price from one shilling to two shillings and six pence each plant." [The G irdeuors Clironicle August 22 ISOO. 220 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AnonsT 22, 1896. Hamburgh Exhibition, i897.— We have re- ceived official information from the Government, through the Director of the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, of this show. We learu also that the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society has formed a com- mittee to co-operate in Eugland with the Committee of Management of the great Hamburgh Horticultural Exhibition of 1S97. The following gentlemen have been requested to act on this committee, with power to add to their number :— Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. (Chairman) : Messrs. H. J. Veitch, W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., Dr. Morris, Baron Schroder, Owen Thomas. Geo. Bunyard, J. T. Bennett Poe, H. Selfe, Leonard, Chas. E. Shea, W. Marshall, Philip Crowley, and the Rev. W. Wilks, MA. The com- mittee will meet as soon as the holiday season is over. A Gardeners' Re-union.— A pleasant gather- ing of gardeners took place on August 13 at Park Place, Henley-on-Thames, on the occasion of the annual meeting of past and present cmploi/t-s of Mrs. Noble. Some few years ago it was suggested that all past gardeners who could be found should be invited to spend a day at Park Place, and meet the present members at a game of cricket. So heartily were the invitations accepted, and so many were the expres- sions of pleasure at revisiting old scenes and meeting old friends, that the gathering has now become an annual one. At the meeting on the 13th inst. occa- sion was taken to present Mr. Stanton, the gardener with a token of the esteem and afifection in which he is held by all who have had the privilege of working with him. The presents constituted portraits of Mr. Stanton himself, his sou, and his daughter, also an illuminated address containing the names of nearly one liundred subscribers. BuNYARD's Centenary Show.— In order to celebrate the centenary of the establishment of the firm of Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., of Maidstone, an e.xhibition of horticultural products will be held in the Corn Exchange, Maidstone, on Sept. ISand 16. Cash prizes to the extent of £150 are offered for fruits and vegetables, and besides gardeners' classes, there will be some arranged for cottagers and cottage- garden societies. Pulborough and District Horticultural Society. — The aunual show was held in the Vicarage Grounds on August 12, and a fine collection of flowers, fruit, and vegetables was brought together, the quality of the Potatos being of unusual merit. The non-competitive groups from Heywood John- .stone, Esq., M.P., Sir Walter Bartelott, and other local gentlemen, added greatly to the attractions of the show. Mr. .Jenner, Horsham ; Miss McRonald, Chichester ; and Messrs. Cheal, Crawley, sent specimens of the various specialities grown in their nurseries. Wood Pulp for the Production of Paper, as an item in our import trade, continues to increase in importance. In June of 1894. there were brought to this country 21,681 tons of wood pulp ; in June of the present year, the quantity had increased to 27,180 tons— an increase of 5,499 tons. In the first six months of the present year we imported 146,752 tons — by the close of 1896 we may reckon on having im- ported a quarter of a million of tons, if not more. We thus get the foreign producers to compete with each other in sending the raw material to our market, enabling us to successfully compete with him for the manufactured article. A certain French daily news- paper states that it prints and issues every day over a million copies— "the largest circulation," doubtless — in twelve months " working up " 120,000 Fir trees averaging 60 feet in height, and equalling the thin- ning of 25,000 acres of forest. We do not vouch — because we have not the means of doing so — for the correctness of this statement ; but we give publicity to the above figures as they show how greatly the wo(jd-pulp made paper trade is increasing. Epping Forest.— In an article on this forest in a recent number of Garden and Purest occurs the following passage, presumably written by one who occupies the foremost position in'America as an autho- rity on such matters, and this is what he says : " The people who insist that the forest must remain just as it is ought to know that these mutilated Pollards are any- thing but natural, that they are permanently disfigured, and will never make respectable upright trees. The managers of the forest are aware of this, and they know that the Pollards stand too thickly for their own wholesome development, whUe the dense growth of their spindling branches will destroy the beautiful iindergrowth which took possession of the ground when the lopping of the trees let in tlie light and air. They are aware that these clipped and artificial trees should be severely thinned out, and although some of the i^narled and twisted trunks should be left for their picturesque qualities, a vigorous use of the axe is the one thing which the forest most needs. And yet in England, as in America, whenever a tree is felled the people raise a clamour as if it were a desecration, when really this is only helping nature to reassert herself and encourage genuine woods to take the place of an unnatural growth. Young trees in abundance are coming up. and if an oppor- tunity were only given to them the whole territory could be renovated in fifty years, and be a thousand times more lovely than it would be if let alone. And another problem will soon be pressing. Many parts of the forest are now thronged with visitors, but other parts are often so lonely that one can find in them almost the solitude of some of our primeval woods. As the giant city sweeps to ihe north and envelops the forest, the numbers of people who come to refresh themselves in its dark recesses will mul- tiply. It will then be more difficult to preserve the charm of natural forest conditions. The under- growtli will be trampled to death ; there will be need of drainage to make dry walks, and this will sap the life of some of the trees ; the by-paths will be worn wider ; the turf in the green roads will be ruined. Then will come the same problem which presents itself to the park-makers in our own country, where land is set apart for refreshing the bodies and the minds of invading multitudes— the problem how to provide for human convenience most completely, and yet save as much of the poetic beauty of the wood as possible. Hardness of Wheat-grains.— Wo find in the Ai/yiciu'taral Ga'clU: of New South Wales for May an elaborate and valuable article on this subject, repre- senting the results of some 8,000 tests made during a series of years on various kinds of Wheat. The grain was placed between a pair of cutting-pliers attached to a spring balance, worked by a crank, regulated by a pendulum, and provided with means whereby the maximum amount of strain endured by the wheat-grain before crushing is registered. The number of ounces registered on each trial indicates thirefore the amount of pressure exerted. Forty grains of each variety were taken, and an average drawn from the forty. The variation ranges between 123 oz. and 297 oz. Mr. Cobb, who conducted the experiments at the Wagga Experimental Farm, calls attention to the indefiniteness of nomenclature in the case of varieties of Wheat — An indefiniteness that renders much of the work that has been done formerly worthless. AVant of purity is another source of confusion and inaccuriicy. Mr. Cobb took special pains to ensure that his Wheats were properly named, and that the sample was pure and unmixed. The paper is one which we cannot say more about in this place, but that it is of great value may be gleaned from what we have said. ■•The STUDENTS' Handbook of British Mosses." — Under this name Messrs. Willia.ms & Nobgate publish a thick octavo volume, prepared by Mr. H. N. Dixon, and with illustrations and keys to the genera and species supplied by [Rev. H. G. Jameson. The subject is not sufficiently horticul- tural to allow us to devote much space to it, but a perusal of the introduction and preface, and of many of the notes to the species, leads us to recommend the book with much cordiality to students of mosses. The classification is based on that of Sohimper, with sundry modifications, necessitated by modern re- search. The author .shows himself by no means oblivious of modern innovations, but manifests also prudence in not disturbing more than is requisite the generally - accepted limitations. The finality he speaks of, we fear, is not in the nature of things. The full synonymy is not attempted, but the omission of any indication of the date and place of publication of the original species is unfortunate. The plan of calling attention to the salient points of any parti- cular species by means of italics is helpful to a student, if he takes care not to attribute to it greater significance than the author intends. Mr. DixoN thinks this plan has not been employed in any of our British works on the subject. Perhaps not in the case of mosses — but has the author forgotten his B.ibington .' There are no fewer than sixty plates, each comprising several species, the details concerning which are all drawn to scale. A New Insecticide. — A substance recom- mended as a substitute for Paris Green iu spraying mixtures for destroying insects on plants, and alleged to be non-injurious to foliage, has been found by F. T. Shuit to consist of lead arsenate. The in- secticide is prepared by dissolving 3 ounces of sodium arsenate in a quart of water, and 4| ounces of lead acetate in a similar quantity of water, then pouring both solutions into a barrel containing about 45 gal- lons of water, and stirring well. The volume may then be made up to 50 gallons. The white amor- phous lead arsenate formed remains longer in sus- pension when thus precipitated in a large volume of water than when concentrated solutions are mixed and subsequently diluted. A slight excess of lead acetate remains in solution, thus preventing risk of injury to foliage tliat might result if sodium arsenate were in excess. Pliarmacciitical Journal. A DWARF TYPE OF ANTIRR- HINUM. During such a season as the present one has been, remarkable for great heat, and not less so for con- tinued absence of rain, it is seen that there are certain plants in the flower-garden that withstand these adverse circumstances much better than others. In another column Mr. Wolley Dod calls atten- tion to the remarkable manner in which Staticea have bloomed, and have shown themselves to be desirable plants for hot, dry soils. Another type of plant that has flowered exceedingly well this season, and which generally does, when circumstances are similar, is the Antirrhinum. In fig. 43 is represented a plant of a very dwarf type shown by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on July 28th. Of course taller varieties are preferable for some purposes, but in small gardens, or for forming edgings, and similar uses, the dwarf tj'pe is an excellent one. At the meeting already mentioned, Messrs. Canuell's plants bure clear, distinct, self-coloured flowers, or variously striped or mottled ones. Home Correspondence. the GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND : SOME SUG- GESTIONS.— At the present time, when many sug- gestions are being made as to the most fitting manner of celebrating Her Majesty's long reign, it may not be inappropriate to suggest some ideas that, if carried into effect, would be the means of materially bene- fiting the Fund which owes ita inception to British eardeuers on the occasion of Her Majesty's Jubilee in 1887. JIuch has happened in the time which has transpired since the formation of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. It is well to look facts in the fane, and if tliis is done, it will be found that the Fund is not supported by the craft to the extent it deserves to be. Let us see if in 1897 we can help the beneficent work begun in 1887. In the eai-ly days of the Fune. Mr. Stuart referred to sports from Goldfinch, and concluded by s*ying he had c^me to the con- clusion tbit in sports there is a reversion either to the type or to a remote parent, in greater or less degree. Cases were quoted, such as Amy Karr, reverting to Wm. Niel. of which it is a seedling , J. B. Riding, sports back to Wm. Niel, also from which it origi'iates. Other cases were mentioned, Mr. Stoart stating he is not aware there is a single sport in cultivation that he has not found reverting to the type, or a remote parent. An interesting discussion followed upon the reading of this paper. Dr. Shackleton said the subject of sports was a very interesting one ; the influence oE soily or manures upon sports was diffi- cult to determine; it was like the influence of drugs on human beings, varying with each individual. He noticed there did not seem to be so many sports from the darker Vio'as. Qu iker Maid had given him a permanent spirt he continued to grow, while Duchess of Fife had produced a sport intermediate between the Duchess and Quaker Maid As to whether they could produce sports artiticially, he had heardit recom- mended to water the plants well with permanganate of potash,, but he did not think it had proved successful. Mr, W. Baxter said that Wm. Niel often sported to J. B. Riding, but he had never known the latter to revert. Mr. G. McLeod said that Duchess of Fife, Goldfinch, and Ardwell Gem, were con- stantly sporting one into the other, Wm. Niel had sported with him several times, and might be taken as a sportive variety ; but the cause of sports he could not explain. Mr. Am.ison said he had tried Wm. Niel in three diffetent gardens, but had never seen it sport. Dr. Shackleton further stated that he thought the proiuction of sports had more to do with the stems of the plants : as a plant, though having sevei*al stems, would probably only produce a sport on one or more stems, the rest bearing normal blooms. He did not think the originating cause came from the roots, as they supported the whole of the plants. WILTS HOBTICULTXTRAL. August 12. — By permission of the Lord BishopofSalisbui'y, the Wilts Horticultural Society held its annual exhibition i» the episcopal grounds, Salisbury, on the above-mentioned date. Taken on the whole the show compared favourably with any of its predecessors, a fact which speaks well for the management of the committee and courteous Hon. Secretary, Mr. Chas. Geo. Wvatt. Plants.— Vxizes to the v.alue of £15, £10. and £5 were offered for twelve stove and greenhouse plants, distinct, six foliageand six flowering. Messrs. James Cypher, Cheltenham; Mr. Wilkins, gr. to Lady Theodore Guest, 'nwooi ; Hen- s rRiitOE, and H. Peel, Shirley, took the prizes in the order .d which their names appear. The 1st prize collection consisted of Statice profusa. Erica obbata purpurea, Bougainvillea S.-»n- deriana, profusely flowered ; Pha^nocoma prolifera Barnesii. Pancr.atium fragrans, of great size and grandly flowered ; T Dipladenia hybrida. Croton Chelsoni, w ell -coloured ; Kentiiv Fosteriana, Cycas circinalis, Phoenix rupicola and Latania borbonica. Messrs. Peel and Wilkins secured 1st and 2nd prizes, respectively, for nine stove and greenhouse plants, four in bloom and five foliage. Mr. George Hall, gr. to Lady Ash- burton, Melcbet Court, Romsey, was a good 1st for six exotic Ferns, including o fine plant of Dickaonia antarclica ; Mr. Peel was 2nd. Mr. A, Robey, gr. to Major Lloyd, Barn- ham Cliff, Salisbury, had the best half-dozen tuberous-rooted Begonias. Groups. — Several good groups were arranged in the three classes set apart for them. In the open class Mr. Wilkins, Mr. Carr, gr. to A. Gilleit, Esq., Bishopstoke, and Mr. Bed- ford, secured the prizes in that order for excellent arrange- ments, all three being very close to each other in point of merit, the ground-work, as usual, consisting of Maiden- hair Fern, with a!gracefully-gro wing Palm in the backgroimd, and "dot" plants of brightly-coloured Crotons, Dracie as, variegated gr.osses. small Palms, Francoa ramosa, Cattleya imperialis, Oncidiura incnrvum, Ac , the whole being en- closed by an edging of Panicum variegatum. In the class confined to gentlemen's gardeners, the plants being arranged in a semi-cirde of 12 feet (the same sp.ico a» in the previous class), Messrs. Carr, A. Robet. and J. Wil- kins, were the successful competitors with capifcil .arrange- ment.':. In the amateurs class. Mr. J. C. Scamell, gr. to G. R. Kendle, Esq., Wilton, won the Silver Cup, v.alue£5, givcD by the Mayor of Salisbury, bis group well deserving th* honour bestowed upon it; Mr. F. E. Pearuh. S.alisbury, taking 2nd place for an excellent arrangement. Fruit. — Several good collections of eight kinds were staged. Mr. H. W. Ward. Longford Castle Gardens. Salisbury, being easily 1st. with good shaped bunches of Black Hamburgh and Mu.scat of Alexandria Grapes.;fine in berry, and beauti- fully coloured ; good Charlotte Rothschild Pine apple, large well-netted Earl's Favourite Melon, extra good Sea Eagles Peaches, Dryden Nectarines, Inrge Castle Kennedy Pigs, and WilUams' Bon Chretien Pear ; Mr. G Inglefield, gr. to Sir John Kelk, Bart.. Tedworth, Marlborough, taking 2ud place. Mr. H. W. Ward had the best three l>unches of Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, as well as the best three bunches of any other white, staging fine examples of Buckland Sweetwater» the berries in both varieties beii g large, even, and well- coloured. Mr. H. W. Mitchell, Chilworth Manor. Romsey, was a good 1st for three bunches of Black Hamburgh in a good class, the bunches fine in size, and the berries grandly coloured. Mr Chalk, gr. to Georhe Read, Esq., Westwood, Wilton Road, Salisbury, was awarded 1 t prize for any other black Grape than Hamburgh, having large, handsome bunches of Gros Maroc, fine in berry, aiid fa rly coloured ; while handsome bunches of Madresfield Court, fine in berry and finish, and perfectly ripe, were, singularly, accorded only a 2nd place, Mr. Fulford, gr, to G. B. Worthinoton, Esq , Dawerham, had the best Melon, and Mr. Mitchell the best dish of Peaches. Mr. F. Smith scor d a victory in the class for three dishes of dessert Apples, showing perfect fruits of Beauty of Bath, Irish Peach, and Worcester Pearmain; the same exhibitor was Ist lor culinary varieties. Mr. Inole- FiELD had the best dish of Apricots, with good fruits of Moor Park ; and Mr. R. West, gr. to H. W. Wvoram, Esq., North- lands. Salisbury, touk premier position for four dishes of Pea rs. Anonsi 22 1896.] THE GARDENEBS' CERONIGLE. 223 VegdcthUs. — Three excellent ' collections of twelve kinds were staged by Messrs. T. Wilkinb, H. Brown, gr. to Hon. Percv Wvndham, The Clouds, Salisbury ; and K. Ford, The Islaiid, Willon, who took the prizes in that order. The Ist prize collection, which was well ahead of the other two, in- cluded fine specimens of Autumn Giant Cauliflowers, Perfec- tion Tomatos, Ailsa Craig Onions, Telegraph Cucumbers, Duke of Albany Pea, Matchless Carrot, Ne Plus Ultra Runner Beansi Satisfaction Potatos, Giant White Celery, and Pray- neir^ Beet. Honorary .ffzAi6ifs.— Collections of Dahlias (including many promising seedlings), Roses, and Asters were shown by Keynes, Williams etition for thespecial prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton »te Sons. Mr. Gooh>:an was well 1st, having fine samples of Giant Rocca Onion, Autocrat Peas, Sutton's Per- fection Tomato, Autumn ilammoth Cauliflowers, Satisfaction Potitos, and New Red Intermediate Carrots, 2nd. Mr. Johnson. Mr. Goodman was also 1st for the best display of vegetables (the prizesgivenby Messrs. Carter A; Co.); he staged twenty-seven varieties in gu^id condition ; 2nd. Mr. YotNo. Prizes were also offered by Messrs. Webb A; Sons, for which Mr. Johnson was 1st. A large number of single dish classes brought out. in most instances, btrong competition. .//-moraryf'x/iiii/*.— Messrs. Lai no Ar Sons. Forest Hill, bad a group of Begonias, Cannas. kv. Mrs. Broi'ohtos contributed wreaths, crosses, and a group of plants ; Mr. Fletcher, Hoses aud herbaceous flowers ; Mr L. F. Such, Maidenhead, floral decorations; and Mr. W. H Fitt, Windsor, wreaths and crosses. TAUNTON DEANE HORTICULTURAL. August 13. — This was the twenty-ninth annual exhibition, and it took place, as usvial, in Vivary Park, which, since it became the property of the town, has been con.siderably improved, and made a public lecreation ground. Altogether the purposes of the flower show has been greatly .-lasisted by the change. The arran;^eiuents were excellent, the new Secretary, Mr. J. S. Winsor. deserWng great credit. Two large tents were occupied by Divisions I. and II., con- sisting of plants and cut riuwers ; one was set apart for floral decorations, one to fruit and vegetables, and another to cuttiigers, and there was a honey tent in addition. There was a very fine display all round. Chief among the open classes was the coUectiotr of twelve start: ant} {jreenhouse plants, Mr. James Cypher, of Chelt-n- ham, taking the 1st prize with an excellent lot, having Ericas Aitoniana, Austiniana, and Thompsoni; Ixoras salicifoU* and regina ; PhoenocomaproUfcra Barnesii, very fine ; Statices Gilbertii and profusa ; Clerodendron Balfourianum. Bougain- villea Sanderiana, Allamanda Hendersoui, and Rondeletia speciosa major. Mr. W. Fin-, u, Coventry, who was 2nd, was .stronger in Heaths than Mr. Cypher. With six specimens. Mr. Cypher was again Ist ; Mr. W. Row land was 2nd, his chief plants being Allamanda nobilis and Clerodendron Balfourianum. So -De very fine collections of eight fine foliaged plants were staged. Mr. Cvpher taking 1st honours wit b splendid Kentias Fosteriana and australis ; Latinia borbonica, Crotons Sun- set. Thompson's, and Queen Vietoria ; a fine Pine of Cordy- line indivisa and Cycas revoluta ; Mr. Finch was a very good 2nd. In the open class for a group, Mr. Rowland took the Ist prize with a light and elegant arrangement, but the narrow- ness of the tent interfered with a thoroughly eflfective display. Mr. V, Slade, Taunton, was 2nd ; and these exhibitors were 1st and 2nd with eight exotic Ferns, which were by no means up to the usual mark at Taunton. With eight varieties of tuberous Begonias Mr. Thorne, gr. to W. Marshall, Esq., Taunton, was 1st with finely-grown and bloomed specimens of excellent quality ; Mr. H. God- ding was a good 2nd. Capital specimens of zonal Pelargo- niums were shown in the open cbissos, excellently gro.wn, and carrying heads of bloom of fine quality, Mr. H. Goddino taking the 1st prizes with six single and four double; Mr- A. J. Spiller was 2nd. The best ncwly-mtroduced plant with oraamental foliage was Croton Duke of Buo^'leuch, f om Mr. Cypher, the broad golden leaves having five side lobes. The best newly -intro- duced flowering plant was Atrides Lawrenccanum, also from Mr. Cypher. The best Orchids were from Mr. W. Marshall. They consisted of Cattleya eldorado vir- ginale, Cj'prlpedium Morgania-, C. Spieorianum, and Cattleya iutermedia; M-. J. Cypher was 2nd, with Cycnochcs chloro- chilum, Vanda cierulea, Odontoglossum Harryanum, and Cattleya Harrison!. Ofiin Clasf, Cat Flowern. — Mr. J. Mattock, nurseryman, Oxford, took the Ist prize with thirty-six Rose.s, staging some very good blooms for the season, of which the chief among them were La France. Marie Baumann. Horace Vemet, Duchess of Bedford, Mr. J. Laing, and Ulrich Brunner ; 2nd, Messrs. Townsend & Sons, nurserymen. Worcester. With eighteen varieties, Mr. MATTofK -wjis again 1st; and Messrs. Jarman & Co., Ltd., Chard, were 2ud. With twelve Dahlias, Messrs. Townsend ife Son were 1st : .and Mr. W. JiMtTH 2nd; Mr. H. Goddinu had the best six bunches of Cactus, and decorative varieties ; Messrs. Town- send it Son 2nd. The best nine bunches of Pompons came from Mr. J. Cording, gr. to W. Fligg, Ksq., a very good collection indeed ; Mr. W. James, gr. to Mrs. Macalesteb, was 2nd. Herbaceous Phloxes were aUo shown, but they were smaller than usual German Asters were small, though nice and clean. Mr. C. H. Vr-kbuv took the 1st prize for twenty-four French Asters; Mr. A. A. Walter-, florist, Bath, was 2nd. Some very good spikes of Gladioli were shown by Mr. S. Bird. gr. to F. H. Fox, Esq. Phlox Drummondii, shown in bunches, were charming— a long way better than the Ver- benas one is aecustomed to see; and Hollyhocks are an imoroving fe:iture in the West. Mr. W. MaR-shall was 1st with twelve bunches of sieve and greenhouse cut flowers ; W. K. Wait, Ksq., was 2nd. Collections of hardy perennials and bulbous plants were also a good feature. Amateurs. — In the division for amateurs only, -which also incluies gentlemen's gardeners, Mr. Rowland again took the 1st prize with a taste fully- arranged group. Ho w.ie also 1st with twelve stove aud greenhouse p ants, staging some good specimens, chiof amoig theni Clerodendron Bal fourianum, Stephanotis tloribunda, Dipladenia atnabilis, and some good specimen foliaged plants ; Miss Todd, South- ampton, was 2nd, Ixora Duflii being one of her most striking jilants. With six specimens, Mr. W. Marshall took the Ist prize; and Mr. Rowland was 2nd. With foiu* stove and greenhouse plants in flower, Miss Todd was Ist, having good examples of Allamanda Hendersoui, Bougainvillea glabra^ Clerodendron Balfourianum, and a Dipladenia ; Mr. W. Bruck was 2nd. Some good specimen folisged pi mts were also shown in the class for six. Miss Todd came 1st with four Ferns, having in fine condition Dicksonia antarctica, Davallias Mooreana and Fijiensis, and Gymnogramraa cbrysophylla. Mr. W. Marshall was again 1st with four Orchids; Miss Todd taking the 2Dd prize. Japanese Lilies and Fuchsias were fairly well shown. Begonias, single and double, made s good display here as in the open division, and zonal Pelargoniums were very gay. Coleus were represented by nice bushes ; Gloxinias were good for the time of year ; and there were classes for Petunias, Caladiums, Balsams, Cockscombs, die. llie Cat-iiower ClasS'S were mainly similar to those in the open division. Mr. J. Lloyd, gr. to V Stucket, E-^q., was Ist, with twelve good spikes of Gladioli ; and for German and Freoch Asters. Mr. Macallister was 1st with twelve bunches of hardy perennials and bulbous plants, staging some subjects not often seen in such collections. Dr. Bcdd had the best twenty-four Roses, staging in good condition Mrs. J. Laing, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Verdier, Alfred Colomb, Marie Bautnann, Madame Hoste, and Mar^chal Kiel ; 2nd, Mr. Thomas Hobus, Lower E;LSton. FRUIT, Etc. The Fruit T'-nt is always a centre of gi-eat intei-est at Taunton. The best collection of eight dishes came from Mr. J. Lloyd, who had Muscat of Alexandria and Madresfield Court Grapes, Hero of Lockinge Melon, Bellegarde Peaches, 224 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [August 22, 1896. Pine-apple Nectarine, Brown Turkey Figs, and Jefferson's Plum. Mr. H. W. Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Long- ford Ciistle, Salisbury, was 2nd, having Muscat of Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes, in good form ; fine Se;i Eagle Peaches, and Castle Kennedy Figs. With six dishes, Mr. J. Webber, gr. to J. T. Ldttrell. Esq., was 1st, with black and white Grapes, Melon, Crawford Early Peach, Pine-apple Nectarines, and Figs ; 2nd, Mr. J. Lloyd. Mr. W. Carpenter, gr. to A. R. Bailey, Esq , was 1st with three fine bunches of White Muscats ; Mr. Ward was 2nd, with beautifully- finished examples. Mr. Llotd h-id the best three bunches of Black Hamburgh ; Mr. 8. Ridley, gr to W. A. Sandford, Esq., was 2nd ; both exhibits somewhat poor in colour. Other white Grax^es were mainly Foster's Seedling; any other black was represented by Madres6eld Court, all good; Mr. R. Carter Ist, and Mr. A. Crosseman, gr. to J. Erdtton. Esq., 2nd. The beet dish of Peaches was Crawford's Early. Plums, both dessert and culinary, were in plenty ; and there were good Apples, Pears, and Cherries, as well as bush fruits. Vtgetaiu^ were shown well. Mr. Wilkins, g--. to Lady T. Guest, Hemsbridge House, was 1st with eight dishes, show- ing specimens of the finest quality ; Mr. J. Aldworth was 2nd. Mr. Wilkins also won the 1st Messrs. Sutton ib ^ons' special prizes for six dishes ; Mr. E. S. Daas was ^nd, and ho was .'dso Ist in Messrs. Jarman & Co.'s class for twelve dishes ; Mr. Drax was again 2nd. There were a great many classes for single dishes. Runner Beans, Carrots, Parsnips, and Cauliflowers were especially fine. Potatos were largely in evidence, and were shown in several classes, but generally over-large, yet smooth and clean. Among miscellaneous collections, Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, had a very fine cnllection of sixty spikes of Gladioli. Mr. R. T. Veitch, of the Exeter Nurseries, a large collection of plants, cut flowert. D was 1st with twelve treb'e and twelve hingle blooms ; Mr. W. Bates, Chippenham, being '^d in both classes. Dahlias were more extensively shown than has been seen at Trowbridge for years. With twenty-four varieties, Mr. John Walkei:, nuEseryman, Thame, w;i3 Ist, and Mr. W. SEALE, Sevenoaks, I'nd. With twelve varieties, Mr. F. Linch .SAV. Frome, was 1st, and Mr. S. Cooper, Chippenham, -nd. With twelve Fancy Dahlias, Mr. J. Walker was 1st. and Mr. Seale 2nd. Single varieties in twelve bunches were charm- iug ; here Mr. Seale came in 1st, and Mr. Truckle, gr to T. C*RR, Esq., Bath, was 'Jud. The Pompon varieties in tweDe bunches were very good also ; Mr. Seale again 1st. A stand of twelve bunches uf Cactus Dahhas Irom Mr, Seale were a fine feature, such varieties as Lady Penzance, Mrs. Wilson Noble. Bertha Mawley, Countess of Radnor, and Apollo were in their beat l<>rm, FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Of Fruit there were three collections of ten varieties ; Mr. W. Strugnell, gr. to the fit. Hon. W. H. Long, M.P., Rood Ashton, was Ist with excellent Alicante aad White Muscat Grapes, Sea Eagle and Bellegarde Peaches, Humboldt Nec- tarines, Hemskirk Apricots, Brown Turkey Figs, Beurre St. Louis Pears, Jefferaon Plume, and Melon ; 2nd, Mr. Geo. Pymm, gr. to Mrs. Gouu'smith, who had well-finished Black Himburgh and Muscat of Alexaudi'ia Grapes, very fine Exquisite and Dymond Teaches, Pine Apple, and Humboldt Nectarine, &c. With two btmches of black Grapes, Muscats excluded, Mr. Thos. Jones, Bath, wat 1st, and Mr. James Fortt, Bath, 2nd, both with good black Hamburgh. The best two bunches uf white grapes, other than Muscats, were Foster's Seedling from Mr. J. Fortt : Mr. J. Atwell was 2nd with Buckland Sweet water The best two bunches of Black Muscats were Madresfield Court from Mr. H. Clack, gr. to C. E. Colston', Esq., Roundway Park, Devizes; Mr. Smith, gr. to the Bishop of Salisbury, being 2nd with the same. The best two bvniches of white Muscats also came from Mr. Fortt; Mr. Carpenter, gr. to T. A, Bailey, Esq., Frome, was 2nd. Green Gage Plums were numerously shown and in fine character. The best dessert Plum was Kirkes, from Mr. H. PococK, Hilperton ; Mr. T. C. Bull, Crediton, was 2nd, with. a fine dish of Jetfersons. Cberrles were represented liy Morellos, some very good fruits being staged. The best dish of Peaches was Noblesse, from Mr. T. Jones; Mr. Geo. PvMM coming 2nd with tine Bellegarde. Pine-apple was the best Nectarine, and won for Mr. H. Clack the 1st Prize ; Mr. Strxignell, gr. to the Rt. Hon. W. H. Long, Esq., M.P., Rood Ashtfjn, was 2ad. Mr. Geo. Garraway, Bath, had the best two dishes of dessert Apples, having Lady Sudeleyjand Wor- cester Pearmain. Mr. Smith had the best two dishes of culinary Apples, stiiging very fine Peasgood's Nonsuch and Ecklinville ; Mr. Strugnell was 2nd with Warner's Ring and Stirling Castle, Mr. Geo. Garraway had tbe best two dishes of dessert Pears ; Mr. Smith was 2nd. Vegetables were, as usual, numerous and very good. Miscellaneous Collections. — Messrs. George Cooling & Sons staged a charming collection of garden roses ; and also blooms each of their two new H. Ps., Bladud and Laurence Allen, wbich are said to be excellent autumn bloomers. Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., nurserymen, Salisbury, had some highly promising Cactus Dahlias. SHROPSHIRE HOBTICtTLTtlRAL. August 19, 20.— The excellence of this well-known annual exhibition was fully maintained on this occasion. It was, in fact, admitted by those who have for several years fre- quented this gathering, that no finer .show has been previously held at Shrewsbury. This was noticeable throughout all of the sections. In the plant classes tho group.s were the le.iding feature, and surpassed those of last year, whilst the competition was keener, there being but Utile difference in quality between some of them. Specimen flowering and foliage plants in tbe 1st prize collections were all that one could wish, but there was a slight falling off in the competition in the larger classes. The cut-flower classes were filled surprisingly well, notably those for hardy border flowers. Dahlias. Sweet Peas, Roses, and Carnations also made a fine display. The decorative classes were of tbe highest exceUence. In several of the- cat-flower classes the northern growers were exceetiingly strong. The fruit classes throughout betokened high 'merit. This was noticeable in Grapes as well as in stone fruits ; the com- petition in the iormer classes was remarkably keen. The combined exhibits of fruits and flowers wore, from a decorative point of view, a decided [success, being not oiAy novel and interesting, but instructive also. The one most noticeable defect was a tendency to overcrowd the tables. The collections of fruits, flowers, and vegetables combined were not so decided a success ; each exhibitor could have filled twice the space to better advantage with the exhibits staged. The vegetiible classes were fully up to the high standard always seen at Shrewsbury. The non- competitive trade exhibits were most extensive, these adding greatly to the interest of the show, both plants and cut flowers being- strongly en ilvidcnce. PLA.NTS. For a group of miscellaneous plants, in or out of bloom, arranged to produce the best effect, to occupy a space of liOO square feet, Mr. J. Cypher. Queen's Road Nurseries, Cheltenham, was a splendid 1st with a tasteful arrange^ ment in which the colours blended most harmoniously, whilst there was not any semblance of overcrowding, tht-- plants, too, being admirable ; a well-balanced PhiMiix rupi- cola occupied the central position, it being supported by two' light arches, these being well clothed with suitable plants, as Tupobsius, Oncidiums. AsparagTis. and Panicum varie- gatum, with Lili\im Harris! at tbe base of the arche.s. these reposing on a bed of green moss. Well-coloured Crotons made splendid " dot " plants, as also did Cocos Weddeliana ; whilst such Orchids as Vanda ctenilea, Dendrobium Phalw- nopsis Scurtederianum. and light Odontogloseums, with Onci- diums, notably O. Jonesiauum and O.flexuosum, with here and there a good example of Cattleya Gaskelliana, added to the effect. Mr. Chas. J. Mee, Nottingham, was a good 2nd, and that, too, without any great assistance from Orchids ; a talli Kentia occupied the centre, vrtrious Lilies, with some good- tufts of Lily of tbe Valley towards the front, enhanced the effect ; Cattleya crispa was also noticeable, and of other foliage plants, Acalypha Macfeeana. Cocos plumoHUs, andi Bamboos. Althoiigh not overcrowded, there was a suspicion of heaviness as a whole. Mr. Edmonds, gr. to the Duke of. St. Albans. Bestwood, Notts, came 3rd in this clnss, the- plants showing some traces of travelling, to their disadvan- tage ; the effect as a whole was bold and good ; a few more dwart plants as a carpeting would have improved it. Three other prizes were awarded in this class. In tbe large class for twenty stove and greenhouse plants,. not fewer than twelve to be in flower, Mr. J. Cypher waft again the winner, and that in an easy fashion. Of foliage plants be had as a background huge examples of Kentia Forsteriana and K. australis, Cycas circinalis was also a perfect specimen ; in front of these wei-e finely-coloured examples of Croton angustifolius, C. Johannis, C. QueGI^ Victoria, and C. Sunset ; the flowering plants being towards the front and at each end, these consisted of finely flowered Ixoras as I. Pilgrimi, I. regina, and I. Williamsi, Rondelctir* speciosa major, a grand plant and one seldom seen so good, being one mass of flower; Ph grand plant of Cordyline indivisa, Croton Thompsoni, and C. Sunset in beautiful colour, also two good Cycads. Mr. Finch, who followed, had Dracaena Douceti, very good. The best six exotic Ferns were staged by Mr. Roberts, gr. to P. A. Montz, Esq., MP., Dunsmore, Rugby, his finest being a good example of Adiantum Farleyense, also one of A. cardiochkt-na, and a fine plant of Microlepia hirta cria- tata. Mr. Price, gr. to T. Parkinson, Abergwill, was agootf Snd.DavalliaMooreanaand Phlebodiuraaiu-eum being the best. Mr, Lambert had the best flowering specimen plant in Dipladenia amabilis, not a large plant, but with fine blooms, freely produced. The next best was Bougainvillea glabrti from G. Burr, Esq., Oaklands. For the mostjueritorious flower.'ng or foliage p'ant not in- AcoDST 22, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 225 comnierco previous to January 1 , 1896, a Silver Medal each waa awarded to Messrs. R. Wallace & Co., Colt^bcstor, for Wat- soniii iridifolia Ardemei, pure white, with long, branching spikes and strong growth ; and to Mr. J. Cypukr for Statiiic intermedia (8. profusa x S. Holfordi), a distinct cross between these two varieties. Mr. Cvi'HER had the best six Orchids, very good for the season, Li«Iia criapa, Odontoerlossum Hanyanum, Cycnoches chlorochihim, and Cattleya GaskelUana being the best. Mr. Edwards, gr. to E. Stanley Clark, Esq., Oak Alyn, Wrexham, was 2nd. Mr. Lambert was 1st for six DraC'un;is, with well-grown plants in robust health, D. Baptisti and D. Thompsoni Ixiing the best. Mr. Leith. gr. to J. R. Greatorhk. Esq., Mytton Hall, was 1st for tix Caladiuma : the plants were well fur- nished, C. Leopold Robert being one of the best ; Mr Lawley, gr. to Mrs. R. Darby, was a close 2nd in this cla,ss. Colcus were shown remarkably fine, each of the four exhibits being admirable in every respect. Mr. Bremmcll, gr. toH. F. Uayhhrst, Esq., Overley, Wellington, was Ist. Mr. Jones, gr. to A. M. Barber. Esq., Field House, Welling- ton, was 1st for tuberous Begonias; and Mr. CUft, gr. to R. Taylor, Esq , Abbay Foregate, 2nd, both showing dwarf, well-flowei'cd examples. Both single and double Zonale Pelargoniums wera shown in splendid condition, the plants of medium size, but flowered in profusion. Mr. Mversj, Sutton Lane Nursery, Shrewsbury, was 1st in both instances; and W. J. Scott, Esq., 2nd, the latter showing well. The cla.ss for table plants was the subject of keener com- petition, Mr. Mee being 1st with light, well -furnished dw-arf plants; and Mr. Bellis, gr. to Sir C. H. Rodse Boughton, DowDtou Hall, a good 2nd. In the small group class, Mr. Ingwood, gr. to T. F. Kyn- nerslev, Leighton Hall, Ironbridge, was 1st ; Mr. Bhkmmell, '2nd ; but both of those exhibitors might take pattern of tho groups in the oi^en class. CUT FLOWERS. For a display of Horal arrangements in a space of 12 feet X b feet, any design of flowers admissible, Messrs. Pekkin-^ & Sons, Coventry, were invincible ; that they never staged a finer exhibit waa the opinion of many, and in confirma- tion of this a Gold Medal was awarded in addition to the 1st prizs of £12 lU.*. All of tho various designs shown were in this firm's usual excellent taste. Messrs. Jenkinsok k. Son, Newcastle, Stafl's., atiged well for tho 2nd prize, the merit of this exhibit being further recognised by the award of a Silver Medal ; Messrs. Jones & Son, Shrewsbviry, were :Jrd. Messrs. Perkins <& Son had the best pair of bouquets, one ball and one bridal, both being nearly perfect in the arrange- ment and blending of colours ; Messrs. Jones h Son wore 2nd, and showed very weU. In another and similar class Messrs. Pope & Sons, Bir- mingham, were lat, their examples Ijcing a trifle heavy. Tho last-named firm showed well, however, in a class for a shower boviquet of Cactus Dahlias, their choice being Countess of Gosford alone, with suitable foliage ; the effect was beautiful. In a similar class for Sweet Peas only, tho Ist prize wont to Messrs. Jenkixson & Son, but this award was oi>cn to question, Messrs. Pope & Son having a far more tisteful arrangement. The best stmda of cut flowers for tho table were from Miss Kettle. Market Di-aytou, a good arrangement in the usual style of glass ^porgnes ; and another, much too thin to be effective, from Messrs. Jenkinson & Son. Messrs. Perkins h Son, as usual, were 1st for butttiu hole boviquets. and also for a collection of Roses in various designs and in boxes, those in baskets being very effective. The finest exhibit of Gladioli came from Messrs. Hark- NEss k Sons, Bcdale; the varieties were of the very best, and the spikes particularly fresh and good; two of the best kinds were Enchantress and Grand-rouge. The best collection of Dahlias came from Mr. JI. Campbell, High Blantyre, N.B. . the Cactus vars. being specially good in every way ; Harmony .and Earl of Pembroke were very efl'ective. Slessrs. Jones ife Son, Shrewsbury, were a good 2nd. Mr. MoRT.MER, Rowledge, Fatnham, won easily for twenty- four Dahlias, show and fancy varieties. Mr. Davies, gi-. to W. K. KiNOLEV, Esq , being 1st in each of two classes for bunches of Cactus Dabli;is with the best known kinds. For a collection of hardy flowers in variety (bulbs not admitted). Mr. Campbell was a worthy 1st, he staging a great variety of the best things iu season, including several of the early Chrysanthemums ; Mr. F. W. Gunn, Orton, Bir- mingham, was 2nd. Messrs. Harkness & Sons were Isb for the best collection of bulbous flowers, this exhibit being strong in the l»e>t of the Gladioli, notibly in tte Lemoinei and Narcissus hybrids, also in Lilies, Montbretias, and Tigridias. Messrs. Wallace & Co., Colchester, were 2nd, with a choice but not so effec- tive an exhibit. The best collection of Carnations and Picotoes came from Mr. Campbell, I hese being displayed to the best advantage. Messrs. Pekkin-5 & Son stiged an excellent exhibit of twenty-four Roses, .and weie easily 1st in the open class, Mr. Townscnd, gr. tu Col. R. T. Lloyd, Oswestry, was 1st in the county class for the same nvmiber. Mr. Lambert had the best box of e.xotic cut flowers, being strong in Dipladenias and Ixoras. The class for Sweet Peiis was a strong one, Mr. Sankev, Baschurch, Salop, being 1st, showing the best and newest kinds ; the arrangement being tasteful and natural. FRUITS. In the class for a decorative dessert-table, not to consist of more than sixteen dishes of fruit, for which prizes to the value of £15 15*., £12 12.^., £H 88., and £5 55. were offered, there were five exhibitors. Mr. McIndoe,gr. to Sir J. Pease, Bart., M.P., Hutton Hall, Guisboro', was Ist, showing good bunches of Golden Champion, Black Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria and Gros Maroc Grapes, Prince Alfred and Invin- cible Melons, good Moorpark Apricots, Sea Eagle and Stirling Castle Peaches, Smooth Cajenne Pine - apple. Doyenne Bossovich, and Souvenir du Congrfes Pears, Dryden and Elruge Nectarines, Brown Turkey Figs, Oullin's Golden Gage Plums, two nicely-coloured plants of Croton interruptus, with centre-piece of cut flowers, in- cluding Orchids, eiwon, Gannor Hill, Welsh Franklin;' 2nd, Mr. Hughes, gr. to U. Lu»YD. Eswn ; Mr. A. H. Hall. Presbury, Macticsfield, was 1st, with Foster's Seedling; Captain Marlinc. being a good 2nd. with Buck- land Sweetwater. The Rev. F. Anderson took 1st place for Black Hamburghs among nine exhibitors. Several stands of any other black Grape were staged, and the Rev. Bulkelf.y Owen was the best exhibitor. Mdons.—Owi of thirty-three green-fleshed Melons staged, Mr. Lambert was 1st, with a good fruit of Carter's Earl's Favourite. Twenty seven scarlet-fleshed varieties were staged, and a fine fruit of Bltnheim Orange secured 1st prize for Mr. iNi-.wooD, Leighton Hall, Ironbridge. Ptaches. — Twenty-nine dishes of Peaches, all of fine siz) and quaUty, were stiged. Mr. Han-is, gr. to Lady Henp.v SoMER-SET, Eastnor Castle, wiis 1st, with fine fruits of Bar- rington, beautifully coloured ; Mr. Dyke, gr. to Gku. Nkvillk, Esq., Sutton Hall. Newark, was 2nd, with the same variety; and Mr. Wilkes, gr. to Mrs. Meakix, Crcswell Hall, Stafford, was 3rd, with Royal George. Twenty-eight dishes of Nectarines were staged, Mr. Tuo- wooD taking 1st with a beautiful dish of Violette Hative ; Mr. Wilkes following with fine examples of Improved Downton. yl/»7*iC0(.«.— Thirty-two dishes of Apricots made agoodsliow, Mr. J. L.\MDERT being a-good 1st with clean fruits of Moor Park, Mr. RouiNSON, Brampton Brian Hall, Hereford, following with good f.uits of the same v.triety. PUm*. — Mr. McIndoe had the best out of twenty-five dishes staged, showing a fine dish of Green Gage. In the corresponding class fur purplu or red varieties, Mr. Langley was 1st with a fine dish of Prince Englebert ; Mr. Nowell, Maindiff, was a good 2nd, with five even fruits of Goliath . .^pj)?('s. ^Twenty-five dishes of culinary fruit were staged and Mr. W. E. Kino was 1st with Warner's King. Mr. Lewis, Leominster, took Ist prize with a fine dish of Lady Sudeley (dessert). Pear*.— Mrs. W. Sandford, Port Hill, had the best dish of Pears out of fifteen dishes shown, with splendid fruits of Clapp's Favourite. For the best-arranged eoUtctiou of garden produce to occupy a space of S feet by 5 feet, plants and flowers and vege- tables to be represented, eight collections were arranged. Mr. Waite, gr. to Col. Talbot, Glenhurst, Esher, was placed 1st his collection scoring 8<'J points. It was an arrangement enclosed by brightly- coloured Crotons, Palms, .and spikes of IPancratium Iragrans, the same, together with Palms and Asparagus (common), forming the background, a glass stand being placed in the centre. Peaches, Apricots, Nectarines, one Melon, four bunches of Grapes, Potatos, Toroatos Onions, Runner Beans, Celery, and Cauliflower being arranged on a bed of moss and Asparagus, with Tuberose and a spike of Odontoglossum crispum ; Mr. Goolacre was 2ud, his cnlle tion obtdning 84^ points ; Mr. Mac ItJDOE was 3ri, with 83i points. VEGETABLES. Fourteen collections of nine kinds were put up in com- petition for Messrs. Sutton & Sons* prizes, Mr. Wilkins prjving victorious, showing fine Caulillowers, Onions, Carrots, Tomatos, Duko of Albany Peas. A 1 Runner BeanP, Prizetaker Leek, and Giant White Celery, tho whole beiug admirably set up; Mr. Pope, Highclcro Castle, Newbury, was a cjipital 2nd. Four collections of eight kinds were iu empctition for Messrs. Webb's prizes. Hero Mr. Pope turned the tables on his antagonist in the previous class. Tomatos were, like all sections of vegetables, shown in largo numbers and well. Mr. Leish, Mytton Hall, Shrews- bury, wiis 1st for |ierfcct examples of Suttoi\'s Perfect on ; and in Messrs. Pritchard &. Sons' special prize class, Mr. Parkinson waa Ist. CucuHtfter* were shown well. Mr. Pope secured Ist prize with a pair of grand fruits of Carter's Model ; Mr. Water- house being 2nd with Ix>ekie's Perfect-on. Peas made a good show for the time of year. Mr. Geo. Davis, Pool Parva, was 1st in Mr. Elkkuru's Special Prize class, with fine, well-filled pods of Eckford's Prior, out cf six lots shown. In another cla-ss, Mr. E. Cumberbatcii, High Street, Silverdale, was 1st. French awl Runner 5fan^.— Twcnty-scvcn dishes of the former and twenty three dishes of the latter wore shown. Mr. Prior, gr. to Hon. Mrs. Kenyon, Whitchurch, was 1st with Canadian Wonder i French) : and Mr. Pope was 1st with Sutton's Best of All Runner. Turnips, Carrots, Onions, Celery, and Parsnips were bhown extensively and well. Potalot. —These were exhibited in great numbers, the tubers beiug of good size, clean and even. Six collections of six varieties were staged. Mr. Enock CuMBKRBAru was 1st, showing perfect roots of Challenge, Reading Uussctt . Monarch, Pink Perfection, Peerless Rose, and Reading Giant. Fifteen collections of three varieties were ymt \ip. and Col. Ken von Stanlev, Hatton Grange, was 1st. Twuuty-one smgle dishes were st;iged, S;itisfaction ti'.king 1st prize for R. L. Kenyon, Esq., Oswestry. In Messrs. James Carter &. Co.'s special prize class fur Melons, Holborn Favourite secured 1st prize for Mr. Waite in a good competition. MISCELLANEOUS NON-COMPETITIVE EXHIBITS. These were numerous, and of excellent quality. The premier place must be accorded to Messrs. Sutton & Sons, who were awarded two Gold Medals, one for their Reading strain of tuberous Begonias, and another for their well- known choice strain of Gloxinias. Of the former the exhibit was most extensive, and of the best possible quality, the individual blossoms being of enormous size (both of singles and doubles). These plants were only six months old from the seed, the growth dwarf and robust, notably in the singles ; these latter were grouped in colours with the best pos"sible effect, notably the deep crimson, the pure whites (very fine), the pinks, the rose-pinks, mixtures also being staged ; the buff-coloured, the yellows, the pinks, and the apricot- tinted from amongst the doubles, were specially fine. Toe effect of the Glo.xinias was a'so excellent, these, too, being raised from seed this year, A choice strain of dwarf Phlox Drummondi was also included in this exhibit, and likewise of the Marguerite Carnations. The whole was st.iged in two marquees, exclusively devoted to this exhibit, the interior arrangements bemg admirable and unique. A Gold Medal was aw.arded to Messrs. Fisher, Son & SiBBAV, Sheffield, for a very choice and effective group of miscellaneous pLants, both hardy and tender ; of these the best were of hardy subjects, Jasminum nudiflorum album, prettily -variegated Daphne purpurea, dwarf purplish foliage ; Acer polymoriJhum and A. disseetum in variety ; tree ivies, notably Hedera Crippsi ; Coi-nus sibirica elegans, tall, plump, very effective; the fern -leaved Golden Elder and Weigela Lonysmanoi aurea. Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecrcft Nursery, Lewisham, staged a tasteful group of tuberous Pegonias of the best selection, and in association with suitable foliage plants, the whole being most effective and well finished, Coeos WeddeUana Asparagus tenuissimus and Caladium .argyrites being em ployed "in the best possible manner; a Gold Medal was the award. Messrs. Pritcbard k Sons, Nurserymen, Shrewsbury received the same award for Ferns in great variety, for Car- nations, and for tastefiU designs in cut flowers. 226 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE, [August 22, 1896. A Silver-Gilt Medal was awarded tu Messrs. Cowan k Co., Liverpool, for a large group of small well-flowered Tea Roses. For a mixed group of Plants Messrs. R. Smith k Son, Worcester, received a Bronze Medal. Messrs. Dick.sons, of Chestsr, staged a large and varied selection of hardy and tender cut flowers, with small plants interspersed here and there of Caladiums, Crotons, Ac, the new Cannas Italia and Austria were included, both being in good cundition. (Silver Medal.) Messrs. Dobbib A: Co. deservedly received the award of a Gold Medal for a grand display of Cactus and other Dahlias ; also of Violas and Pansies, »bc. Mr. Jannoch, Dersingham, Norfolk, staged Lilies of the Valley in very fine condition, both the spikes and the foliage being well developed. Mr. MuRTisiER showed some capital stands of Cactus Dahlias in triplets. Messrs. Backhouse & Sons, York, were awarded a Silver Medal for a collection of Bamboos, of which large plants were shown here ; and a few gond Alpines, &c. From Mr. Davis, of Yeovil, Somerset, came a grand lot of double tuberous Begonias in the best of the named kinds. (Gold Medal.) For one of his characteristic exhibits Mr. Eckford was awarded a Silver Medal for Sweet Peas, all of the best of this raiser's kinds beiug included. Messrs. Birkenhead & Co. showed a choice selection of hardy and exotic Ferns, and Mr. ForbeSj of Warwick, had a guod exhibit of cut Carnations; Mr. Myers, nurseryman, Shrewsbury, received a Silver Medal for a showy exhibit of well-grown plants of Zonal Pelargoniums. Mr. Anthony Waterer. Knap Hill, Woking, sent fine examples of Abies pungens argeutea, also of A. concolor violacea, and some fine Golden Yews. Messrs. Geo. Bi'nyard & Co., Royal Nurseries, Maidstone, had a grand exhibition oi choice fruit. (Gold Medal.; Mrs. E. Hill. — It is with regret that we amiouDce the death of Mrs. E. Hill, wife of Mr. E. Hill, gar- dener to the Right Hon. Lord llothschild. Triug Park, Tring. Mrs. Hill had a long and serious illness, from wbiuh it was hoped she was recovering, when peritonitis .=et in with fatal result. GeORGIANA ORMEROD.— The death on the Itllh iust., at St. Albans, of Miss Georgiaua Ormerod is announced. Miss Oimerod was the second daughter of the late George Ormerod, of Sedljury Park, Chep- stow, and was a talented artist, in which capacity she rendered valuable assistance to her sister. Miss Eleanor Ormerod. The Weather. [The term "accumulated temperature" indicates the aggre- gate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42" Fahr. for the period named ; and tliis combined result is expressed in D;iy- degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1" continued for twenty-four houre, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Son. 5g> ■".9 ACOUMCLATED. 1 ' o S i 2 . T1 3 Qffl " «> © rl It,- U "^ 'Si o 1 & ■ f ill a a) ..-; i 1 hi lis £3 I! o d \as. *~> a 5t^ per lb. ; do., Scotch, 7d. to 9d. do. ; Plums, Sd. to '6\d. do. ; Grapes, home-grown, 2s. do. Vegetnhles : Turnips, yellow, 2'. to 2s. M. per dozen bunches ; do.. French, Is. do. Cabbage.^, Sd. to 9d. per dozen ; Cauliflowers, Is. Sd. to Is. 6''. per bunch ; Onions, Syboe^, 6s. to 8s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, new, Is. to Is. 6.7. perdozeu ; .Vsparagus, 2s. to 2s. 6(?. per 100 ; Cucumbers, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per dozen ; Lettuces, round, 6-/. to 8''. per dozen ; do., Cos., 9d. per dozen ; Beans, Broad, Is. 9d. per stone ; di.>., French, 2s. to 2s. 6d. do. Dublin ; Jngast IS.— Wholesale :— Tomatos, 3(/. to 6d. per lb. ; Cucumbers, Is. 6d. to 3s. Gd. per dozen ; Marrows, Is. '2d. to 2ii, do. ; Cabbage (York). 10s, to 17s. Sri. per load ; Cauli- flowers, 3s. 3-;. to 4s. 3i^ per flasket ; Carrots, 8d. to Is, per dozen bunches; Peas, 6s. 6d. to 7s. 6/. per bag; Celery, Is. to Is, 3(;. per bundle. Potatos : — Kemp's. 3s. per cwt. ; Hebrons, 2s. Gd. to 2s. Sd. do. ; Punton's, 2s. \d. to 2*. Gd. do. Belfast: August 18.— There is an abundant supply of Apples at low prices. Agricultural produce is in good supply, at fully average prices. SEEDS. London: August 19.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Merchants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, London, S.E , ruport to-day's market thinly attended. There is an aiitivo consumptive demand from the country for Trifolium, at Mondays rates. English seed appears nearly exhausted, whilst the supply of French is in moderate compass. White Mustard meets an active sale at advancing prices. New honie-growii winter Vetches come forward slowly. There is a fair quantity offering of fine new Essex Giant Seed Rye, at low figiues. Some extra-bold new Spanish Canary seed has just arrived here. Hempseed is dull. Buckwheat firm. Peas steady. hay. Amfi'jes. — The fullowiug are the averages oi' tho prices at the metropolitan markets during tlie p:ist week :— Clover, prime, 70s. to 92s. : do. , inferior, 3Ss. to 70s. ; Hay, best, 60s. to 90s. ; do., inferior, 36s. to 60s. ; Mixture, 60s. to S5s. ; and Straw, 20s. to 38s. per loud. 1 6 1 6 1 6 4 0 2 0 6 0 2 0 1 0 to Trca frutes, as it is still called in nurseries, more correctly. Hibiscus syriacu^. is a native of .Asia Minor. The usual metliuJ of propag'itiou is by layering and grafting. For the last process the stock should be the single purple form, which is raised from seed, but it cm also be root grafted. Taking one of the fleshy roots, split it with a sharp knife, then cut thebjis) of the scion into a wedge sh.ape, introduce it into the cleft root, and bind witii raffia, then pot or bed out iu the open, cover- ing the soil well over the union. If the stocks are quartered out iu the nursery, they may be grafted in the open in March. Open out the soil so as to make the union below the surface, .and when finisheil, heap the soil into a ridge around the plants, covering the union, which may be waxed or smeared with clay. Cutt'ngs may also be struck under a bell-gla«s, but they are very slow. Tu.M vTo A Fruit or Vegetaui.e : J. it. See answer given to " W. M. " in this c •lumn in our last issue. ToMATOs; A. L. J. The fruit sent was healthy enough, and had no trace of disease internally or extenially. Perhaps a wrong one was sent. TiiEB Fern : C. L. /'. , Maddra It is not possible to name the Fern without its fruit. You are probably right. Waktv Griiwtq in Potatos ; /,'. M. B. Some curious examples of young malformed Potato tubers, in which the latter are tuberculated, somewhat after tlie manner of the tubercles on Alder roots, formerly known as Schiu/ia alni. It was suggested that tliey might have been caused by insects, but of this there is no evidence. Externally they sug^e^t Plasmo-liophora, as seen on Cabbage roots, but as yet we have found no sign of Plasmodium. There are an immense number of brown spherical bodies, resembling Pytliiura, but as yet their true nature and relationship to the disease has not been traced. This is certainly a very peculiar form of Potato disease, which requires further investiga- tion before it can be accurately determined. It is certain that the plants attacked are beyond recovery. .Some of this material has bceu submitted to Mr. Worthingtou Smith, and he has expressed the opinion that the globose brown bodies are the same as those which he described as the resting- spores of the Potato disease, but of the maximum size. They were all found near the surface of the tubercles, and it is questionable whether they are an efficient cause to account for the distortiim and convolutions of the young tubers. We are both agreed that this manifestation of disease is a novelty. M. C. C. [We are, however, familiar with the external appearance presented. Ed.] Communications Received.— K. Miles. — E. O. Greenin".— C. Boyle WooUey.— F. W. B.-H. H. D— E. P. Gheut— H. E.— W. T. T. D.— Professor Max Cornu, Paris.— J. H., Burnlev. — J. Anderson. — H. M. — F. Kritnzliu.— Apiary — P. M.— Sutton A- Sons.— W. Gardiner.— W. B.— W. P.— J. H.— Win. W.— Scottish Gardener— J. K. B.— N. E. Br — J. W. next week— J. B. -Mrs. T. (W. P., Epping). COSTINUED /.VCflE.t.SE in Ihe CIRCUL.iTION OF THE "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." Important to Advertisers. — The Publisher hns the satis- Jaction ofarliwun'-in'jthit the rirctUati^n of the ^*Garthufrs Chroiiirle" ha-^. since the ree- , Vineries, Peach House, Stove aud Orchid House.-^, &c. Lowest Prices possible. Also Heating Apparatus complete. W. RICHARDSON & CO., DARLINGTON. GREAT REDUGTION IK FRAMES OXTB WELL-KNOWK TffAKT!. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices, Glized and Painted. £ s. CASH 1-light, 4 ft. by 6 ft... N 2 8 ft. by 6ft.. 3 12 ft. by 6 ft.. 4 16 ft. by 6 ft.. 5 20 ft. by 6 ft. . 6 24 ft. by 6 ft. . PBIOES, OABBIAOE PAID. Larger lizes at proportionate prices. \J 10 d. 0 0 6 0 6 0 R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROTAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Fo uinn j4ff«i(,Mr.H.SKKLTOi».Seed8man,*o..2.HollowayRd.,N ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, and CYLINDERS, AND ALL OABDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST From the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH ST., DRURY LANE, W.C. 228 THE GAB BE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [AuGDST 22, 1896. MESSENGER & CO. Contracts undertaken and Estimates given for WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, PLANT HOUSES, AND ALL KINDSof HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. Gentlemen waited upon and Surveys made on payment of out-of-pocket expenses. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Witb numerous Designs, post-free, 2s. HOBTICUIiTXJKAL BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, LOUGHBOROUGH. LEICESTERSHIRE; ) — — ' London Office:— 96a, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, near DUDLET. H. & S.'s BLACK VARNISH, For Iron, Wood, or Stone Outdoor Work. Forty years' regulatiOD. Ready mixe^. Dries in ten minutes with perfect gloss. Is used at Windsor Oaetle, Kew Qardens, and London and Dublin Parks, and moat Land- owners. In 18 and 36- f^allon Casks only, 15. 6qC. per gallon at works, \s. 9>d, at nearest Railway Station. ^- COAL CRISIS I ^ No more Conciliation Meetings between Masters and Men after the End of this Month, Specially Machined FOR Garden Use. REaisTERED Trade Mark, ORCHID PEAT.— Dry and prepared, 5«. M. per bag, on rail : 15«. per cubic yard, in 12-yard trucka. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 3s. Zd. per bag ; lOj. per cubic yard, WALKER AND CO,, Poole, Dorset, It is impossible to foresee the result of these disputes, but Messrs, WOOD & SON unhesitatingly urge their friends to order without delay, atPRESENT PRICES, WHICH ARE THE 10 WEST TOR MANY YEARS. Special Carriage-Paid Quotations to any Station by return, of Post. WM. WOOD & SON, Ltd., Wood Green, London, W.COOPER, Ltd.! HORTICULTURAL PROVIDERS, (The Original Inventors of Cheap Greenhouses), 1755, OLD KENT ROAD, LONDON, S.E. AMATEUR FORCrNO HOUSE. Fur CuLUiiibers, Touiatus, Melons, etc. Everything coniijlete, from 50s, INVINCIBLE HOT-WATER APPARATUS, BoiUr only, price .e-J 0 0, ciipriblc of hcaliiij; 75-fL'ct of 4-ineli pipe. Lowest CHtimatca for complete apparatus for any sized houfeo on , application. AMATEUR SPAN-ROOF GREENHOUSE. Everything conii>let6, ready for erecting, From £2 16s. BEK LIST. HORTICULTURAL GLASS.— Best 15 oz., in 50 feet boxes, 10 by .S, IJby S, \i by 0. I:;by0, It by 9, 14 by 10. at 45. (iii. per box. 4ths, 15 oz. , in loiift. and 200ft. boxes. 12 by 12, 12 by 14, 12 by 10, 12 by 18, 12 by 20, 12 by 24, 14 Ijy 10, 14 by 18, 14 by 20, 14 by 24, 10 by IS, 10 by 20, 10 by 24, IS by 20, 18by24, 100ft. 8s., 200ft 15s.perbox. 21 oz.,inl00ft..and200ft. boxes: 4ths,21oz.. 10 by ,S, at S«. per idOft box. 9 ))y", 10 by S. 12 by 10, 14 by 10, in 2'ooft. boxes, 4ths, 10s. per box; Srds. ISs. per box. 4tLs. 21oz., 12 by 14, 12 by 16, 12 by 18, 12 by 20, 12 by 24, 14 by 16, 14 by 18, 14 by 20, 14 by 24, 16 by 18, ]6 by 20, 16 by 24, 18 by 20, 18 by 24, 100ft. Us., 200ft. , 2U. per box. Note. — DeUvered free on rail, London, by our own vans (not ex-wharf, which means a costof ls.6d. per box for collection). COOPER'S "BEAT ALL' MOWER. LAWN The World's Best. 10-in. ... ls/6 12-in. .. 19/6 18-in. 1-1 -in. 16-in. . 32/-, Gra^s Catcher, to fit any Machine 5/- each. Packed F.O.R. London. FOLDING GARDEN CHAIRS. Wrll Madf:, Having bought up the whole of a Manufacturer's Stock of 5000, we .are eiialtled to sell these .at a ridiculously low figure. Speci.d Job Lino, 3.s. each ; 33s. per dozen. AnausT 22, 1896.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 229 EPPS'S A1 PEAT (SEIiECTES specially for OBOHIDS), Also for Stove & Greenhouse Plants, Hardwood Ferns and Rhododendron do. (Trade supplied). LOAM, SAND. LEAF MOULD, C. N. FIBRE, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM MOSS, *o. PEAT sent to all parts of the world at Special Through Bates. Large or small qaantities. KPPS Sc 00., F.R.H.S„Peat Depdt, Bingwood. The Pioneer of cheap, timple, and efeetive heating for tnali Greenhouse'. REDUCTION IN PRICES. Owing to improved facilities for the maDufacture of these Boilers, and a coos-qupnt rheapenin^ in the cost of produc- tion, we are enabled to reduce the prices as follows : — No. 1. £2 12s. ; No. 2, £3 15s. ; No. 3. £S ; also larger sizen. Complete Ai)paratus from £4 &s. Lists and Estimates on applicition. UE3SENGER & CO., Loughborough. Leicestershire, London Office : 96i, Victoria Street. Westminsteb, S.W. GLASS! QLASSl CHEAP GLASS! 4lh3. 15 oz., in 50-teet boxep, Sizes from 10x8 up to 14X10, at 4s. &d per box. 4th8. 21 oz., in 1 (JO feet boxes. Sizes, 10x8 and 12x8, at 8«. per box. 3rds, 21 oz., in 200-feet boxes, Sizes, 9X7 up to 14X10. at 18j. per box. Ex wharf, London. All other sizes equally cheep. Full detailed list of stook sizes sent free on application to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY. 72, BiSHOPSGiTK Street Within. London. E.G. BENSON'S JS5. 5s. "LUDGATE" WATCH BEATS ALL OTHERS FOR ACCCrRACY, DUBABIHTY, and PBICE. o ft* o fc) !». to b tq to Send for Book of Illastratlons and Prices, post-free. BENSON'S ENGAGEMENT KINGS. 5000 at Lowest Makers' Pricea, set with BrilliaDts, Emeralds.Pearls, Rubies, Opal. Turquoise, &c.. of the purest quality. Book of rUuetra- tions, with Patteii Sizes, post-free. J. W. BENSON, The Steam Factory, 62 and 64, LTJDGATE HILL, E.G., And at 28, BOYAL EXCHANGE, E.C. STOCK 8IZES-ln Inches. I2x|0 14x12 I8x|2 I6. Finsbury Street, London, E.G.— Wholesale Trade List of Hurticultural and Florists' Sundries and Appliances, &;c. li(< KsoNs, Ltd., Chester— Bulbs, Are. Jno. Down-IE, 144. Princes Street, Edinburgh- Bulbs. Wm. Drummond & Co., Ltd., Stirling— Bulbs. F. Miller & Co , !367, Fulham Road, London, S.W. -Bulbs. ViLMORiN, Andrieux, & Co.— Hardy and other Flowering Plants, Strawberries, &c. DicKsoNS & Co., Waterloo Plaee, Edinburgh— Bulbs. Jno. Peed &l Son,:, West Norwood, London, S.E Bulbs. Ja,s. Veitch &, Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's R'»ad, Chelsea— (1) Roses ; (2} Hardy Tree-^, Shrubs, Conifer.'^, American Plants, &c. ; (3) Bulbs. Jas. Dickson & Sons, 32, Hanover Street, Kdinbur{ AT ^ Shows WOOD'S CELEBRATED PRIZE , MANURE LE FRUITIER In the 276 Prizes there were 146 FIRST PRIZES 91 SECOND PRIZES Aod ia addition to these 5 SILVER MEDALS, > BRONZE MEDAL, _J«jAr(D THE HrQHGATE.\.« lOGUrNEUHALLENGE'CUP. THE PRIZE MANURE W" USED ALL OVER THE WORLD. "W SPECIAL OFFER FOR THE SEASON.— To induce Gardeners to test and prove the value of this remarkable Manure, we will deliver : — • - To any Station in the FREE United Kingdom, 1 cwt. of Le Fruitier for 20a., in sealed baj^p. GIVEN AWAY With each order one bag of our ■ Celebrated Fertilising Moss . The SQCcessfnl medium for Plant CuitBre. TRUTH ^^^^ Uneollclted Letters aa the following are continually reaching us :- I nU I n. The Gardens, Poltimore Park. Exeter, July 25, 1896. Dear Sirs, — Yours to hand. Your Continent il Wood-Wool is'' the find packing rnater^al that I am actptjxntid with : scft as silk. Being asked by a Fraiterer what it was, I had a pleasure in recommending it. And now just another word for your Le Fruitier. It is some eight years since I commenced u^iog it for fruit trees, and stili I have the same high opinion of it as I had the first year I tried it. I am gathering feaches from a tree which is carrying 13^ dozen fruits, which for colour are perfection ; while my noble employer tells me the flavour is aU that can be wished for ; this tree, with the others in the same house, has been fed with Le Fruitier. As a minure for fruit trees it has no etjuil. It promotes the growth of wood suitable for giving fruit, and also produces leaves of a leathery texture : two very essential things in fruit growing. Applied to Vines, it produces Grapes of splendid colour, with a hammered appearance in the berries which is very desirable in well-grown Grapes.— Yours truly, T. H. SLADE. Head Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Poltimore. General HORSLEr will feel obliged if Messrs. Wood & Son will send him the same quantity of Le Fruitier a9 first ordered. He mvzr mzt with such a splendid manure for everything.— Horsley Manor, near Nailsworth, June 17, 16% Llangedwyn Gardens. Oswestry, Salop, July 1, 1893.— Kindly send m^ 6 cwt. of Le Fruitier as early as possib'e. / ihiuld tike tu mi/ how ivell my fi nit tnet intide arc doing since I have used Le Fruitier. The Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, and especially Muscats, are admired by every one who eees them. — Signed, G. J. Sf^UIBBS, Head Gardener lo the Right Hon. the Dowager Lady William Wynn. BONES.r*"" , i-lnch to l-lnch for VINE BORDERS. FISH GUANO.^I&ii^xT price: SAMPLETIN \L 71b2/6 r-cwtio/''^ 1 cwt 19/- NOW IS THE TIKE TO USE SPECIAL LAWN MANURE. The unsatisfactory state o£- the Grass, in conseqaence of the cjntinued and phenodenal drought of the past season, has had our consideration, and we have prepared a Special Grass Compost (Lawn Manure), the value of which has already been extensively proved by its bene- ficial effects. The early Autumn is the best time for its administration, aa thg Grasaea are stimulated bef jre the frost seta in. Price, £3 10s. per ton. F. O. R. DEMONSTBA,TION is within the reach of all, as we will rend a sample bag to any adJreas for \t. SHIPMENTS. For Hull, Selby, YohK. and North of England. — From Stanton's Wharf, Tooley Street, Daily. For Glasgow, West of Scotland, Belfast, and North of Ireland.— From Carron and London and Continental Steam Wharves, Lower East Smithfield, every Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, & Saturday, For Continental Furts, East of Scotland, and Channel Islands.— From Irongate and British and Foreign Steam Wharves, Bi-weekly. For Colonial and American Ports —From Ro;al Albert Docks. Weekly. N.B.— Goods for Shipment must be in our hands Vcfore 9 A.M., on the day belore the advertised time of sailing. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 33 SILVER & BRONZE MEDALS & DIPLOMAS OF MERIT AWARDHJ) TO W. WOOD & SON, LTD.("rn*uL\ru^iriHEAD OFFICE, WOOD GREEN, LONDON. AV. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HOT-WATER ENGINEER, EVERY DESCRIPTION of CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, GARDEN LIGHTS, ifc. BUILDER TO THE PRINCIPAL GROWERS IN THE UNITED EINGDOII. ORCHID HOUSES, PEACH HEATING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, JUST OUT, ESTIIIATES FREE. FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP and BEST MATERIALS ONLY. TUCKER, TOTTENHAM, THREE MINUTES' WALK FROM SEVEN SISTERS STATION, GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY, Editorial communications should be addressed to the " Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to *' The Publisher," at the OfEce. 41, Wellingtou Street, Covent Garden, Loadoo, W.C. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbury, Agvew, & Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Oity of Lon'lon, in the County of Middlesex, aud published by Harry Gillard Cove, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Pariah of St. FaaI*B, Oovent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, August 22, 1898. Agent for Manchester— JoH!f Heywood. Established i84i No. 505.— Vol. XX, f Third 1 \ Series. ) SATUKDAY, AUGUST 29, 1896. [Ilcgt. as Newsixiper. I Pf^'^^ 3d* • ( POST-KREE, Sid. CONTENTS. Applo crop, rllstribution of the Azolla filiculttldcs fruit- ing in the IJotanical Gardens, Dublin I5an:ina leaves : their rate of growth Bean, the Huuner, as a vegetable Brodia^a. the genus, and its allies... Carri&re, M , death of ... Chrysantbenmnis, " tak- ing" the bud.s of Conifers, North Ameri- can, in Germany Flower-drawings, Mrs. Dclany's Flowers and insects Gardeners' working hours Vi^ Kew notes 239 National Co - opeiative Flower Show, the Nursery notes— CannelV& Sons, IT. ... Orphm Fund, the Royal Gardeners' Plants, new or note- worthy- Delphinium Zulil 'J4-J 248 21S 2U 2-1 S •:48 248 242 24S 2:j; 246 240 247 238 Periodirity in weather . Uem:irks upon the fruit crops (row huh' I) Societies — Bath Floral F^to Devon and P'xetcr ll'rtiniltural Kasthounie Horticult. Pnnological, Boskoop, Holland Reading Ilurticultural Hoyal ilotticnUui-al ... Royal Ilorticultund of Aberdeen Shirley and District ... Spare time, a manner of cinplnying Theft of I )nions from Aldenhani House Gar- dens Trees, tenacity of life in Trinidad Orchids Week's work.the^ Apiary, the Flower garden, the .., Fmita inider glass ... Hardy fruit garden ... Kitchen garden, the ... Orchid houses, the ... rianis under glas8 ... 24S 241 253 250 260 247 252 251 250 247 248 244 240 24r. 215 245 244 244 244 245 ILLUSTRATIONS. Bfodiieas, some species and varieties of ... 23S, 239, 241, 243 Chrysanthemum shoot, with crown bud 249 Delphinium Zalil ...- ... , 247 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. In consequence of the alteration of the hour of going to Press, consequent on the large increase in the circulation, it is imperative that all Copy for Advertisements should be received BY FIRST POST THURSDAY MORNINO at the latest. " Come and Ceo " OUR ASTERS —The finest and largest display in England, 3 aores. Our 3.000 Blooma ex- hibited at the last meeting at the Drill Hall, together with samples of our own saved Seed, received the highest award ever given to this family, and shows how superior flowers are from our Seeds to that of the ordinary saved. Send for Catalogues. CANNKLL AND SONS, Swanley. LARGE PALMS & DECORATIVE PLANTS. Immense stock. All sizes np to 20 feet for Sale or Hire . Inspection Invited, Prices on Application. B. S. WILLIAMS AMD SON, Victoria and Paradise Nur- series, Upper HoUoway, London, N. PTERIS TREMULA, P, oristata, and P. major, in store boxes, 3s. per 100.— J. ft G. STEVENS, Grove and Clay Lane Nurseries, Plnmstead Common. SPECIAL OFFER,— 100,000 SINGLE DAF- FODILS, at 6!. per 1,000 ; 3s. per 1,000; 2s. per 1,000. J. W. CBOSS, Bulb Grower, Walsoken, Wisbech. STRAWBERRIES.— A fine collection of the best varieties can be supplied. Orders should be booked now. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, Sawbridgeworth. LIVE SPHAGNUM MOSS. — Picked Squeezed, Large Crowns, 6s. per Bag, about 60 lb. JOHN BTBNE, Fellside, Kendal. and Now Ready. SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE for 1896,— Beautifully Illustrated ly Original Photographs and containing accurate descriptions of the choicest varieties of bulbous rt wering root', with clear hint* en their successful cultivation, the whole being bound in exquisitely illuminated covers. SUTTON'S BULBS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE ROYAL SEEDSMEN, READING^ Table Plants. DRACAENAS, CRUTUNS, ARALIAS, COCOS, GEO-NOMAS, &c. Handsome Plants for Table Decoration. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise NulMries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. Now is the TIME to PLANT GAILLAR- DIAS. Pyrethrums. and other Hardy Herbaceous Peren- nials.-CaUlogue of KELW AY AND SON, Laogport. Somerset. KENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.— STRAWBERRIES, for Forcing or Garden Culture, GEORGE BUNYARD * Co , The Royal Nurseries, Maidstone, beg to intimate that their New Descriptive Catalogue is now ready, and may be had post-free on application. The largest and best stock in the Trade, NT. ROOZEN AND SON^S CATALOGUE for AUTUMN, 1896. now ready, contains Cultural Directions and full descriptive detaila of their immense CktUec- tion« of New, Rare, and tine BULB3 and PLANTS (101 pages in BD}flish). and will, as usual, be eeot post free on application to their A«entc. Meaars. Mkktkns A Co.. 3. Cross Lane. St. MiRY-iT-HiLL. E.C. ; or themaelvei direct at Overveen, near Haablgm. Holland. N.B. — No eonnection with any other firm oE the same name. RCHIDS — ORCHI DS — ORCHIDS. — Showing for bloom : Cattleya labiata autumnalis, C. Dormanianum. C. Harrisonse violacea, Cyp'ipedium insigne, Lcetia albida, L. ancepa, L. autumnalis, Odontoglossum Rossi majus, 3s. each ; or the eight for 21f. All thoroughly estab- lished, healthy, and vigorous, and sent packing and carriage paid for cash with order. Send for our Special Monthly LIST. J. HUB8RT QROGAN AMD CO., Railway Nurseries, Worthing. SPECIAL OFFER of FERNS.— Pteris cris- tata, large plants in 4S's, 235. per 100 ; Maidenhairs, 4s. per dozen ; Lomaria Gibba, in thumbs, Ss, per 100, at Nursery, HOLLANDS, Lee Park Nursery, Lee, S.E. EUCHARIS, strong and clean, in 32's, some throwing up flower-spikes. 30s. per dor. Winter-flowering CARNATIONS, in 48e, splendid stuff, 12». doz. BOU VARDIAS, in -IS's, extra bushy, lOx. per doz. Samples and names on application. — WAtSHA W AND SON, Scarborough. . WANTED,— Laxton Noble Strawberry, well- rooted RUNNERS. State price' per 1,000 — H. CHATFIELD, Southwick. Brighton, Sussex. ANTED, STRAWBERRY RUNNERS of the following varieties :— Elton Pine, Latest of All, Noble, Waterloo, Sir C. Napier. British Queen.— Particulars to W. TAYLOB, Highcroft Cottages, Farningham, Kent. ANTED, 1000 "Jaooby" GERANIUM CUTTINGS. State price to— TH03. HILTON, Chase Gardens, King", Lynn. WANTED, Henry Jacoby, West Brighton Gem, and Vesuvius GERANIUM CUTTINGS. Price f er 100 or 1000 to— Mr. EDWARDS, Nurseryman, Church Road, Upper Norwood. ANTED, well - rooted RUNNERS of SiTRAWBERRIKS in quantity— British Queen, James Veitch, No. 1. Competitor, Latest of All, Lord Suffield, Frog- more Late Fine, Waterloo, Vioomtesse. — Cash prices to V., Gardeners' Chronicle OtEce. 41 . Wellington Street.Strand. W.C. ANTED, CUTTINGS of Jacoby, West Brighton, and other good sorts of Oeraniums. F. HOLLZCK, Florist. &c., South Streatham. w ORCHIDS.— B. S. Williams & Son have an immense stock of clean, healthy plants at low prices. An inspection invited. Illustrated Catalogue post free, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper HoUoway, London, N. Plant Now. BARR'S Beautiful Hardy DAFFODILS, '' That come before the swallow dares, and tjke The winds of March with beauty." Barr's Daffodil Catalogue (accompanied by a coloured plate of seven beautiful D^ fforfilt-) free on application, Barr's Spring rtoweriDg Bulbs are of the finest (juality. Send for Catalogue, free ou application. BARB 8t SON. 12 & I'j. King Street. Covent Garden, London. DICKSONS First and Best, and Dicksons Per- fection CABBatiES. are both splendid varieties for pre- sent Sowing, and make good Succersional Cuttings in Spting, per Packet. tW.. per OuDce, Is. tirf,. Post Free. DICKsONS, Royal ifeed Warehouse, CHESTER. SAMPLE FREE.— Write for Free Sample of GARDEN KAPSELS (Permanent Garden Labels). WILSON'S WORKS, Sutton St , HoUcway Bead, Birmingham. C "CARNATIONS.— The latest French varieties, J and best English Ezhib tion Selfs and Fancies; well- rooted phntp. Full LISTS on application.— Apply — GARDENER. Keevil Manor, Trowbridge, Wilts. RAPE VINES for Fruiting and Planting. Splendid good ripened Canes. Invite Inspection from Intending Buyers. SAMUEL JBNKS, Bramley Nursery, East Grinstead. G L.ELIA PR/ESTANS, L. ANCEPP, CATTLEYA CKISPA, C. HARRISONI.i: VIOLACEA to hand in tine order. Js. 6i., 3«. erf., and is. each. W. L. LEWIS AND CO., Soutbgate, Londo-, N. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thoasands to select from. Write for LIST, free. P.MoABTHnB,The London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London, W. H W ENRY RIDES, Salesman, Central Avenue, Covent Garden, W.C. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash. The Nnrsenmen, Uarket Oardeners. and General HAILSTORM INSURANCE CORPORA- TION, Limited.— OfHces, 1 fc 2. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Chairmen, HABRY J. VEITCH. Manager and Secretary. ALEX. JAMES MONRO. Palm Seeds- Plant Now. If ENTIAS, SEAFORTHIAS, CORYPHAS, V PBCESIX, COCOS. and othtrs. I'O in variety to name, as sample, sent free, 2». 6d. ; 500 ditto, 9s.; lOOQ do., 16s. Trade price per 1000 or lO.OCOon application. MOBLE AND CO , The Conservatories, Finchley Boad, N.W. ISHURST COMPOUND, used sinoe 1859 for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulaion when paraffin is used. Has oatlived many preparations intended to ■npersede it. Boxea. U., 3t., and 10«. dct. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, Qd. and It., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICK'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). Loaidon. ACKENZIE AND MONCUR, Limited, Hothouse Builders and Heating Engineers. Edinburgh, London, and Glasgow. BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. Plans and Estimates for ali kinds of Horticultural Buildings, Pavilions, Summer Houses, and Heating Apparatus, free. Splendid Illustrated CATALOGUE. London Office : 8, CAMDEN ROAD. N.W. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural BuilderN • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept., Royal Fort. Soc, Royal Botanic Soc.. Parks and Public Buildings, Patentees oi the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road, Chelsea, S. W. Telegraph Address "Hortulanus. London. "Telephone, No.672S. 234 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [August 29, 1896. FORTHCOMING SALES by Messrs. PROTHEROE & MORRIS, HortlCTdtural Auctioneers and Valuers, OENTRAl AUCTION ROOMS and ESTATE OFFICES. 67 and 68, CHEAPSIDK. E.G. CATAIOQDES FOR ALL AUCTIONS SENT FREE BT POST ON APPLICATION. Thursday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on THURSDAY NEXT, September 3— 66 Cases LILIUM HARRISI, as received. 352,000 CORYPHA AU3TRALIS SEEDS. To be offered at 4 o'clock precisely. Od view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. By order of Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co , Grand Imported ORCHIDS, comprising :— OD0NT0GL03SUM SCHLIPERIANUM, in fine order. SOPHRONinS QRANDIFLORA, grand selected masses. TBICHOPILIA COCCINEA, in fine condition. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA, the large-flowered type. CATTLEYA WALTONIANA, a splendid lot, &c. Also- KSTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including— CATTLEYA SKINNERII (uuflowered), many showing flower- ODONTOaL03SUMKRAMEKir,Odontoglos3umcitrosum.&e. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, Sept. 4, at Half past Twelve o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Friday Next. DUPLICATE and SPECIMEN PLANTS from a well-known Private Collection of ORCHIDS, comprising— CCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA. CYPRIPEDIUM MORGANI^. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ARTHURIANUM. DORMANIANUM. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE SANDKRIANA. And other choice Plant?. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, September 4. Ball Place. Bexley, Kent. About 15 minutes' walk from Bexley Railway Station. CLEARANCE SALE of STO\'E and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, GARDEN UTENSILS, FARM IMPLEMENTS, HAY, PONY-CARBIAGE, and other effects, by order of Mrs. Jewell, who is giving up the Gardens and Farm-land. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, Hall Place, Bexley, Kent, on TUESDAY, September 8. 1896, at 12 o'clock precisely, in consequence of the large number of lots, the whole of the well-grown Plants, consisting of Azaleas, Camel- lias, Bouvardiaa, Primulas, Cyclamens, Begonias, Gloxinias, 300 Crotonsand Palms of sorte, Dracaenas. Maidenhair Ferns, Eucharis, about 60 Orchids; also, the Garden Utensils and Farm Implements, Haymaliiog-macbines, Harrows, Ridgiog- plougb, Small Fire engine, Flower-pots, Seed-pans, Hose-reel and 180 feet Hose, 2 Mowing-machines, Garden -roller, 5 S-feet Garden-seats, 1^ Acre of Potatos and Mangels, Ladders, Oil- cahe-crusher. Chaff-cutter, Stack of Hay, 1895 Crop ; capital Kick-cloth, with Poles, Ropes, and Pulley; Weighing- machine, Grey Pony and Set of Harness, nearly new Tip-cart, Dog-kennels, Horse-clothing, nearly new Landau by Morgan, and Single-seat Brougham by Barker, Galvanised-iron Tanks, and many other effect?. Maybe viewed the day prior and morning of Sale. Cata- logues may be had of the Head Gardener on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, £.C. Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton. ELEVENTH GREAT ANNUAL UNRESERVED TRADE SALE of POT PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. H. B. May to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton, on MONDAY, September 14, at 11 o'Clock punctually fthere being upwards of 1600 lots), an unusually well-grown Stock, consisting of — TEA ROSKS IN POTS, The grandest lot ever offered, including extra strong well- ripened plants of M. Niel, W. A. Richardson, Climbing Niphetos, Climbing Perle des Jardins, Crimson Rambler (extra fine stock of this new pillar Rose, and other sorts for forcing). FERNS, many thousands in various sizes. TREE OARN ATIONS, including choice new varieties. Primrose Day, W. Robinson, H. Gibbons, Uriah Pike, Winter Cheer, Miss Joliffe Improved, and other best winter-tiowering sorts ; also large quantities of Germania, Gloire de Nancy, &c. ItOUVARDIAS, large quantities of all the best sorts ERICA HYEMALIS, very fine stuff. FICUS ELASTICA VARIEGATA. CROTONS, a splendid lot of beautifully- coloured plants. VINES and strong Canes of Muscat of Alexandria and Qros Colmar. STRAWBERRY plants, Stevens' Wonder and Royal Sovereign, in pots. PALMS, consisting of fine specimens of Kentias. Arecas, Cocos. Latanias, &c. ; also great quantities of emaller plants. GENISTAS, unusually fine bushy stuff. SOLANUMS, bushy, and well berried. Cyclamen, Double Primulas, Gardenias, Poinsettias, Azaleas, Camellias, and other useful flowering plants. Hydrangeas, Lapagerias, Ampelopsis; and Passitloras, Clematis Jackmani, asd other leading sorts. IVIES, choice variegated sorts. Aspidistras, Araucaria excelsa, Ficus elastica, Araliaa, and a great variety of other useful flowering and foliage plants. Large quantities of small Genistas, Ac, for growing on. May De viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Tbe UlU Lane Nurssry, Cheihunt, Herts. IMPORTANT TRADE SALE of thousands of unusually well- grown Winter and Spring-flDwering HEATHS. FERNS, CARNATIONS, and ROSES, by order of Mr. E. Rochford. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises as above, on THURSDIY, September 10, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely, 30,000 WINTER and SPRING- FLOWERING HEATHS, including Hyemalis, Hyematis albi, gracilis, ventricosus, Cavendishii, Wilmoreana, and others. Cyclamen persicum, in ' 4,000 Carnations, consisting of 48-pot8 Adiantum elegans, in 60- pots 6,000 Genistas, in 48-pota 6.000 Maidenhair Ferns S,000 Ferns, in variety 2,000 Solanums Miss Joliffe Improved Mad. TherS^e Francon Malmaison, &c. Climbing Roses, Mar€- chal Niel and Gloire de Dijon, extra strong Asparagus plumosus I Clematis, Ampelopsis Boroniap, Greenhouse Rhododendrons, Ficus Lord Penzince, new Sweet Briars, &c. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale, Catalogues may be bad on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, Avenue Nursery, Bexley Heatli, Kent, Adjoining Bexley Heath Station, South-Eaatern Railway. SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of beautifully - grown GREENHOUSE and other PLANTS, by order of Messrs. P. H. & J. Cooper. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on FRIDAY, September 11, at 13 o'clock precisely, without 10,000 ROSES, including 600 Catherine Mermet 500 Perle des Jardins 450 W. A. Richardson 600 Marechal Niel 500 The Bride 2.000 Gloire de Dijon 1.000 Niphetos 600 Turner's Crimson Ram- bler 200 climbing Perle des Jardins 250 Souvenir d'tJn Ami mostly in 3J-pota, some in 2i-i)ot8'; also climbing'Devooiensia, L'Ideal, Sunset, and many other welt-known and favourite varieties. 2,500 TREE and OTHER CARNATIONS, consisting of Mrs Moore, Germania. Annie Douglas, Djrothy, Alice Ayres, Mrs. Reynolds Hole, Uriah Pike, Malmaison, &c. 1,100 Clematis, leading sorts 2,500 Pinks. Her Majesty 2,000 Erica Wilmoreana, 48- pots 500 Erica hyemalis, 48-pots 1.200 Erici hyemalis, 60- pots 3.000 Erica Wilmoreana, 60 pots 2,500 Solanums, fine plants* well berried 500 Asparagus plumosus nanus, in 48-pots 250 Asparagus tenuissi- mus, in 3?-pots 20,000 Ferns, in 60-pot3 i 2,000 Genistas, in 48 pots ' Also Ficua elastica, Ficus elastica variegata, Crotons, and other plants. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Lee, Kent, S.B. GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to commence punctually at 11 o'clock, there being upwards o! 1,600 lots to sell in the one day. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. B. Mailer and Sons, to sell by Auction on the premises, the Burnt Ash Road Nurseries, Lee, Kent. S.E., adjoining Lee Railway Station, S. E. Railway, on TUESDAY, September 16, at 11 o'clock precisely, without reserve, a remarkably well-grown stock of WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS AND OTHER STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS Consisting of :— 15,000 Erica hyem ilia gracilis Cavendishii vertricosa of sorts caff fa set with bloom- 2.000 1,000 „ 1.000 ,, 700 „ All well buds, 1,000 Ampelopsis Veitcbii 1,600 Epacris (to name) 1,000 Baronia megastigma and others 600 Grevillea robusta 6.000 Genistas 4,000 Solanum capsicastrum, well berried 1.000 Adiantum cuneatum 1,400 Lomaria gibba 600 Tea Roses (in pots) 3,000 Bouvardias (of sorts) 1,000 Cocos Wedelliana 1,000 Cyclamen persicnm 600 Crotons, beautifully coloured 2 010 Tree Carnations 600 Asparagus tenuissimus and plumosa nana and a fine lot of Stephanotis floribunda, Gardenias, Myrtlep, Abutilons, Dipladenias, Hydrangeas, with a large quantity of young Ericas, Hyemalis and other varieties, Genistas, and Aralia Sieboldi, all in 60-potB for growing on. The stock may now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the premises; at the Seed Warehouse, 61, High Street. Lewis- bam, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. N.B. — Intending purchasers are invited to inspect the stock, -which is unusually well-grown. The Heaths are especially fine, all varieties being well set for bloom. The Genistas are all 'fine bushy plants, and the Tree Oarnations are also particularly good. Enfield Highway, N. TS^ENTY-EIOHTH ANNUAL TRADE SALE of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. John Mailer to SELL by AUCTION, on fie Premises, the Brimsdown Nurseries, Green Street, Enfield Highway, N., almost adjacent to the Brimsdown Station, G.E.R., on THURSDAY, September 17, at 11 o'Clcck punctually, owing to the large number of lots, about— 60,000 Remarkably Well-grown ^TOVE and QREENIIOVI^E PLANTS^ mostly in No. 48 pots, and fit fcr immediate Sale, consisting of — 20,000 Winter - Flowering HEATHS, including Hyemalis, Gracilis, Wilmoreana, Cavenditshii, Ven- tricosa. Perepicua, erecta, &c. 3500 TEA BOSES, in pots, including Marechal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, climbing Niphetos, LIdeal, Bfived'Or, W. A. Richardson, Mdme. Moreau, climbing Perle des Jardins. Bridesmaid, Reine Marie Henriette, The Bride, Sunset, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Graziella, Catherine Mermet, Beaute Inconstant, Mdme. de Watteville. Perle des Jardins, Maman Cochet. Niphetos, Mdme. Pierre Cochet, La France, Augustine Quinoisseau, Mdme. C. Testout, &c., &c. Also Pauls' Carmine Pillar, A lister Stella Gray, and Turner's Crimson Rambler. 5000 SOLANUMS, large, & well-berried. 300 Caniia, Mdme. Crozy, and Reine Charlotte 1000 Bouvardias, to name lOOO Ferns. P. treniula, Poly- podiums. &c. 2000 Geraniums, new and choice varieties 4000 Genista f ragrans 1000 Hydrangea Horteubis 1000 Palms 1000 Grevillea robusta 400 Ficus elasticus 2000 Calla cethiopica 600 Epacris, to name 600 Begonias, Mdme. Char- rat, &c. 500 Poinsettias 500 Ivy-leaves, new varieties. Large quantities of Pas-sifloras, Ampelopsis Veitchii, Taxo- niaf), Slepbanotis, AUamandas, Bouga nvilleas, Asparagus, Pandanus Veitcbii, Crotons, Aralias, Carex, Eulalia juponica. Carnations, Primula verticilJ;ita, Genista elegans. New Chrys- anthemums, &c, ; also small Heaths, Genistas, and Aralias, in No. 60 pots, for growing on. Helenium superbum, and Violet Princess of Wale^ and others. May be viewed any day prior to Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises; and of tlie Auctioneers and A'aluers, 67 and ^S. Cheapside. London, E.C. N.B. —The whole of the Stock is in first-rate condition. The Ericas and Solanums are unquestionably the finest lot offetci at this Nursery for many years ; the former being very well set for flower, and the Solanums lirge and well-berried. Sldcup, Kent, S.E. About ten minutes' walk from the new Eltham (late Pope Street) Station, S. K. Railway. FIFTEENTH GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE OF WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS. Particularly well grown, and beautifully set with flower. Also. ROSES and other Stock, forming together one of the largest and bejt collections of plants ever offered by Auction. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the premises, The Longlands Nursery, Sidcup. S.E., about 10 minutes' walk from the new Eltham (late Pope Street Station). S.E R.. on WEDNESDAY, September 9, 1896, and also on FRIDAY, September 18, 1896. at 11 o'clock each day, owing to the large number of lots, by order of Messrs. Gregory & Evans, an enormous quantity of unusually well-grown plants, comprising nearly 60,000 WINTER and SPRING- FLO WERINQ HEATHS, in the best possible condition, particularly well set with flower-buds, and unsurpassed in the Trade, including ;— 8.000 Erica gracilis 2.000 „ Wilmoreana 1,000 „ coccinea minor 8.003 Erica hyemalis 2.000 ., ,, alba 2,000 ,, Cavendishii 2,0G0 ,, magnitica An unusually grand lot of 10,000 CLIMBING ROSES, in 24, 32, and 48-potP, exceptionally well grown, and no doubt the finest ever offered at this Nursery ; 5,C00 BOUVARDIAS, best varieties; 5,000 SOLANUMS FICUS, Double PRIMULAS, ARALIA SIEBOLDI, 25,000 FERNS, in 32, 48. and 60-pots, all well-furnished plants, and best leading varieties, and other Stock. May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC. N.B. —The stock of plants this season will be found well up to their usual standard, special attention being invited to the Heaths, Roses, and Ferns, which are undoubtedly the best ever offered at this Nursery. The Nurseries, Soutli Woodford, Essex. UNRESERVED ANNUAL SALE of many thousands of WINTER-FLOWEBING and other PLANTS. By order of Mr. John Fraser. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to annoutce that this ANNUAL SALE will take place on the Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, September 16, Full particulars will appear next week. August 29, 1896.] THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 236 SALES BY AUCTION . EVERY DAY. DUTCH BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central S»le Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, B.C., EVERY DAT, «t 12 o'clock each day, Ur(je consignments if NAMED HTACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS from Holland, received dreot for Unreserved Sale, Lotted to luit the Trade and Private Buyers ; together with white ROMAN HVACINTHS paper ■ white NAKCI33U3, SNOWDROPS, special TULIP3, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. WEDNESDAT NEXT. SPECIALTRADE SALE of DUTCH BULBS MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Booms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, September 2, at! half-past 12 o'Clofk precisely, a grand selection ;of fine HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, IRIS, and other BULBS from Holland, in splendid order, and specially lotted to suit the Trade and other large Buyers. 20,000 FRKESIA REFRACTA ALB4, VO.COO EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS, and LILIOM CANDIDUM from France, for early Forcing ; SNOW- DROPS, LILIUM IIARRISI. ;<';, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. MONDAY, TUESD.a,Y, WEDNESDAY, and THURSDAY NEXT. DUTCH BULBS DUTCH BULBS MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Qreat Rooms, 38. King Street, Oovent Garden, as above, at half-past 1'- o'clock precisely each day, extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS. NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, for early Spring Floveriog, from leading Dutch Nuraerymen ; BULBS from France, &c. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. DUTCH BULBS-DUTCH BULBS SALES NEARLY EVERY DAY TILL THE END OF DECEMBER. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he has arranged with seveial of the first Nurerymen ia Holland to ContiDuously Supply his Sales, during the present season, with only really First-class Bulbs, of the best quality. Thursday next. By order of Messrs. W. L. Lewis «fe Co IMPORTED ORCHIDS, comprising Cattleya "Walkeriaia, Odontoglogsum Schlieperianum, Trichopilia coocinea. Ac. Established Orcbidp, including some botanical sorta of KTeat interest, together withCypripediumCharlesworthii. Leelia anceps (in spike), Miltonia vexiUaria, Odonto- glossum Insleayi, &c. Also a small importation of Odontoglossums. Catasetums, and Oocidiums. Orchid species as received direct. By order cf Mr. J. W. Moore of Bradford, 200 lots of IMPORTED ORCHIDS. Lilium Harrisii, Freesias, Snowdrops, Roman Hyacinths, MR. .T. C. STEVENS will sell by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 3, at half past 13 precisely. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Dutch Bulb Sales.-Blrmlngham. MESSRS. THOMA-S JAMES and DAVIES hold SALES at their Rooms, 35, Temple Street. Bir- mingham, of the finest HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS from Holland, fevery THURSD.iY, at half-past 11 o'clock. Catalogues post-free. Commissions carefully executed. Commencing in September, SALES will be held every MONDAY and THURSDAY. LD-ESTABHSHED SEED BUSINESS for SALE. In good Business Centra. Sto:k and Fixtures at a low valuation.— G., Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. ADLEIGH, SUFFOLK. — TO BE DIS- POSED OF, the Lease, Goodwill, Stock in Trade, and Glass Erections. &o., of above NURSERY', comprising about If acres of Land, convenient DWELLING-HOUSE, Packing and Potting Sheds. SEED SHOP, and Fittings. Lease aboilt nineteen yeirs unexpired. Rent £27. No other Nursery within several miles. P/ice £150. Apply to — WILLIAM BADMAN, Cemetery Nursery, GrSTMsnd. FOR SALE, FREEHOLD MARKET GAR- DEN, consisting of 8 acres of Land and 1000 feet run of Glaas-Houses in full growth of Cucumbers and Tomatos. Good loamy soil, or would sell 4 acres separately. — Apply, W. WREN, Bridge Houie, West Mailing, Kent. OR SALE, established NURSERY and FLORIST BUSINESS. 1 acre of Land. 8 Glasshouses, 80 feet long, all heated and stocked. A good connection of customers. A 99 years' Lease.— Apply, R. B.. 2, Bowen Villas, Wembley, Harrow, Middlesex. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticultural Auctioneers, 67 & 68, Cheapside, E.C. have the following, amongst other Nurseries, for Immediate Disposal :— MIDDLESEX.— Capital frnit -growing dis- trict. U miles from Covent Garden. FREEHOLD NURSERY of 2 acres, with Six Capital Qreenhonses compris- ing 38.020 superficial feet etBciently heated. Coach-house and Stabling, and Packing Shed, Glasshouses cropped with Vines and Tomatos. Price f^r the whole, as a" going concern, free- hold, £3,660. Full particulars on application. (8903). SOUTH COAST. — Principal seaside resort. A good lucrative FLOWER and SEED BUSINESS doing a capital wholesale and retiil trade in Cut Flowers and Plants. Commodious Dwelling-house and Shop. Held on lease at a rental of £55 per annum. Turn over about £3,000. Profits about £«0 to £300. Valuation £50 to £60. Price £350. (8901). SURREY.-Qenuine NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS, established since 1799, comprisirg 55 acres of productive Land, seven Greenhouses, commodious Dwellirg- house and Shop, the whole in lirst-rate condition. Price to be arrived at by valuation. (8888). NORTH WALES.— n miles from an impor- tant town. Capital FREEHOLD MARKET NURSERY of 8 acres, with tight Greenhouses. Most efficiently heated. Coach-house, Stabling, and numerous Outbuildings. Commo- dious Dwellinp-house. Growing crops to be taken at a valua- tion. Stock-in-trade optional. Price as a going concern, £3,0C0. (8877). SURREY.— 15 miles from Covent Garden, TO BE LET, a WALLED-IN GARDEN of 2 acres, fifteen Greenhouses, Dwelling-house, Stable and Coach-house, and two Cottages. Price for the whole as a going concern, including Stock, Horse, Van, &c., £200, Death cause it disposal. (8872). SOUTH COAST.— Flourishing locality near Brighton. Productive NURSERY of 2 acres in excellent working order, with 6,870 -uperficial feet of Glass, well heat«d with 4-ioch piping, and a namber of cold Frames. Stock consists principally of Vines. Held on lease, of which thirteen years are to remain at a low rental. Price for the whole as a going concern, inc'uding stock, £1,150. (89)2). Full particulars of the Auctioneers as above. To Nnrseirmen and Florists commenoliiK BaslneiB. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES, on the Marling Park Estate, free from London fogs, a deep rich loam, the favourite neighbourhood for Growers, FREEHOLD LAND for SALE on easy system of Purchase, or to be LET on Lease. For full particulars, apply to Mr. FREDK. Q. HUGHES (Surveyor), thb Estate Office, HamptOD-on-Thames. OR DISPOSAL, a good NURSERY and JOBBING BUSINESS. Lease 12 years. Horse and two Carts. Full particulars on application. Swiss Nursery, Perry Vale, Forest Hill. Ferns-Ferns. SPECIAL OFFER to the TRADE.— Pteris tremula, cristata, serrulata, compacta. alba lineata, hastata, cretica. argyrea, Mayii, and Lygodium japonica ; good thick Stuff in thumbs ready for repotting. Price per 100, Ui. ; per 1000. £5 10s.— R. PENGELLY, Nurseryman, Dyson's Lane, Angel Road, Upper Edmonton. N. Important to Mashroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SP^CIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; most prodnctive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per buibel. 5s. R. AHD G. CITTHBERT, Seed, Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgate. N. Bbtablished 1797. EXHIBITION. BEGONIAS of the newest and most superb type, including many rare varieties. Double and Single, for Conservatory or Bedding. See B. R. Davis' Descriptive CATALOGUE, free. A handsome coloured plate of Six Double Varieties and a Treatise on Cultivation, free for \s. B. R. DAVIS. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. Somerset. Hyaclntbs. Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to— Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 25, Savage Gardess, Crutched Friars, E.C. N.B.— Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. FERNS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS!— (TRADE):— Feme, in 2i-inch pots. Stove and Green- house, 30 beat selling sorts, 12s. 100; ditto, large, in 48's, 10 beat selling sorts, 6i. doz. ; strong seedlings, Qs. 100. 50s. 1000 ; Adi- antum cuneatum, in 48*b, for cutting, 6s. and 8s. doz. ; ditto, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20«. ICO; Cyperus. Aralias, Grevilleas, Bhodanthe, Geraniums, Fuchsias, and Heliotropes, in 48's, 6s. per doz. ; Marguerites, Mignonette, Campanulas, and Chrysanthemuma, in 48'a, 8s. per doz. ; Ficus, Palms, Draceenas, Crotons. PelargoniumB,in bloom, in 48's. 12i. doz.; Listefree. Packed free. Cash with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loughborough Junction, London, S.W . ERNS. — FERNS. ^^ERNS.— Phlebodium aureum, in large thumbs, ready for 48*8; also Pteris Ouvrardii and P. cristata, all good stuff. For price and parti- culars, apply to THOMAS CLARK, Hawthorn Nurseries, Northumberland Park. Tottenham, London. DUTCH BULBS.— DUTCH BULBS.— Splendid Collections of Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, Sec, from 4s. 6ff. to 20s. Great success of our last year's collections. VAN'T HOF AND BLOKKER, Bulb Growers, Akeraloot. near Haarlem, Holland. Write for our!1896 Catalogue to our London Agent,— WM. ATKINSON, 21, Love Lane, Hastcheap, London, E.C. FOLKESTONE CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY GRAND EXHIBITION. November 10, 11,1896. filCOand Sii N. C. S. MEDALS in PRIZ ES. open to all England. Prizes to Gardeners' Societies in Kent. BRONZE JUBILEE MEDAL N. O. S. for Best Bloom in Show, Japaoeae or Incurved. Judges: — Mr. George Gordon, Kew; Mr. Richard Dean. Secretary N. C. S. Schedules sent on receipt of address. All prizes TCOn, guarante«d. T. J. HARRISON. I „„„ „„„. W. H. HAMMEBTON. ( """• '**'"• 3, Canterbury Bead, Folkestone. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Qrow them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Panoraa. CLEARANCE SALE of ORCHIDS.— Owing to the enormous success of the West's Patent Orchid Ilaskels, we offer our whole atock at the great reduc- tion of 20 per cent, off Catalogue. LEEDS ORCHID CO.. Eoundhay, Leeds. DOUBLE WHITE PRIMULAS, well- rooted plants, in small pot«, free on rail, iSs. per 100. Cash with order. D. ANDERSON, Teddington. Qeranium Cuttings. MORLE AND CO. have a few more good CUTTING.S. from pot-plants, of the best Market sorts, at is. per 100. Also a few cut-down plants, in 4b'8, at 8s. per 100. The Conservatories, Finchley Koad, N.W. CYCLAMEN, PRIZE STRAIN, 2,000 in 60's for sale, ready for 48'8. Price 3s. per dozen. 26$. per 100. Cash with order. Canonbury Nurseries, Baker Street, Enfield. STRAWBERR Y.— Royal Sovereign, fine Rooted Runners, 6s. per 100, £3 per 1000. J. TOWNSEND. Roseaore Fruit Gardens, Barnes. STOVE PLANTS for SALE, also a few OATTLEYAS and CYPRIPEDIUMS, very cheap. Send for List.— ROBr. CROSS. Worstead, Norwich. STRAWBERRY RUNNERS. -Good strong Plants of Sir .Toseph Paxton, at 10>. per 1000. MANN ASD SONS, Market Gardeners, Whitton, Middlesex. ^C\ CifiCi EUONYMUS, Green and Golden, OyjfyJyJxJ aU splendid bushy plants.— GREEN : 12 in. tol.'b ID., at 30«. per ICO; 15 in. to 18 in., at 40s. per 100 ; 18 in. to 21 in., at 55s. per 100; 21 in. to 21 in., at 75s, p:r 100 ; 25 in. to 40 in. at special prices. GOLDEN : 5 in. to 12 in., at 3j. to 8s. per dozen. Cash with order. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone, Biighton. FERNS from Stores. — Pteris cristata, good stuff, fit for immediate pottini;. 2s. M. per 100, 22s. per UOO.— PTERIS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. STR A WBERR Y RUNNERS.-Cheap (Trade), well-rooted. Sir Joseph Paxton, 12». M. per lOO, on rail: also ARALiA SIEBOLDI. in 60's. sturdy plants, 9s. per 100. ORCHARD CO., Scotby, Carlisle. FOR SALE.— NARCISSUS(SirWatkm),trne, first size Bulbs, 3s. 6d. per dozen, 24s. lOO.— Apply to GARDENER, Plas Gardens, Dinas Mawddwy, Merionethshire. T OVELS' YORKSHIRE STRAWBERRIES. -L^ Prepared Runners from Maiden Plants: — Thury, Paxton. President, and others. Sample packet. 6d. ; 10l>. 4s. &d., carriage paid for cash. List. W. LOVEL A^D SON, Strawberry Farm, Driffield. CASUARINA GLAUCA, in 48-pots, 9s, per dozen : White SWEET PEA (perennial), in 60-pots, 5s. per dozen; Royal Sovereign STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, 5s. per 100 ; Vicomtesse Hericart du Thury, 2s. i)d. per 100 ; VIOLET Queen Victoria, largest and darkest double Violet gtowD, 4s. per dozen ; White RO.MAN HY'ACINTHS, large bulbs, Vis. per 100 ; Paper-White NARCISSUS, 8s. per 100. C. CUNDY, Nurseryman, Sudbury, Suffolk. STRAW^BERRIES, — STRAWBERRIES,— 11 acres. KOY'AL SOVEREfON, rooted runners, 25s. per ),0C0. STEVENS' WONDER, „ „ 10s. per 100. EMPEROR WILLIAM, „ „ 16s. per 100. Catalogue of these in pots, and all other kinds in cultivation, sent post free.— H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley, Kent. BOX'S BEGONIAS, for quality and quantity, are unequalled ; obtained highest award for Begonias at Temple Show. Exhibition of 2 acres in bloom till end cf September, at West Wickham Nursery, near Station, Mid Kent, S.E.R. A visit solicited.— JOHN R. BOX, Croydon. DUTCH BULBS— DUTCH BULBS. Presently we offer : — AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS MAXIMUS, splendid strong plants, 12s. per 100. 100s. per 1000. FERRARIA FIGKIDIA. 35s. ler 1000. ARUM (CALLA) ALBA MACULATA, 5». per 100. .. ,, HASTATA, Is. M. each. SPIB.EA ASriLBOIDES FLOBIBUNDA, 18s. per 100, 170s. per 1000. All other miscellaneous Bulbs and Plants in large quantities in stock. Apply tj P. VAN TIL, Waimond, Holland. 236 THE GABDENEBS' CHJRONICLE. [August 29, 1896. WEBBS' EARLY BULBS. THE FJNEST ROOTS OF THE SEASON. ROMAN HYACINTHS: Early White, extra large bu'ha ... Ditto ditto Ditto fine bulbs Ditto ditto ... 2/- per doz, ... 15/- per 100. ... 1/9 per doz. ... 12/- per 100. POLYANIHDS NABCJSSUS: Double Roman Paper White 2d. each, 1/3 per doz. 2d. each, 1/3 per doz. DUC VAN THOL TXTIIPS : SINGLE, scarlet 6d. per doz , 3/- per ICO. DOUBLE soarletand yellow, 6lJ. ler doz , 3/- per 100. WEBBS' BULB CATAL0GUe7 Beautifully Illustrated, Giatls & Post-free. Seedsmen by Eoyal Warrants to F.M. the IJueen and H.R H. the Prince of Wales, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. DUTCH BULBS. PRICB LISTS Of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c.. FREE on APPLICATION, for SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS. Apply to— S. A. VAN KONIJNENBURG & CO., ^ NQQRDWIJK, HOLLAND. ! Hand-laid Runners and Plants in Pots of the best varieties, including Royal Sovereign, President, Sir J. Paxloo, British Queen. Keen's Seed- ling, Vicomtesse H. de Thury, Dr. Ho^g. Noble, and others. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Descriptive Catalogue on App'ication^ DICKSONS NURSERIES, CHESTER. RETARDED LILYOFTHE VALLEY CROWNS!! Write for Prices to— T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, DERSINGHAM, NOBFOLK. ORCHIDS - ORCHIDS. Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDB0BE3 A SPECIALTT, PLEi.SE Write for List. JAMES CYPHER/^c^^^E^LT^E^N^Si^^- MUNGO CHAPMAN, late of Easter Dud- dingston Lodge, Mid-Lothian, begs to intimate to his friends and acquaintances that he retires from his present situation on the 20th of the present month. He has arranged to reside at St. Ninlans. near Stirling, where he intends to commence the Cultivation and Sale of Hardy Plants on his own account. With the experience gained during twenty-four years in the management of one of the most choice private collections of plants to be found in the British Isles— that of the late Charles Jenner. Esq. — Mr. Chapman can confidently undertake to supply what is select and true to name of the most suitable plants for Borders and Bock-work. He hopes to be able soon to issue a Plant Catalogue, from which customers may make their own selection. In the interval, he will be fully employed in getting up Stock. May 19, 1898. TO THE TRADE. DUTCH BULBSI FRENCB BULBS and ENGLISH BULBS. See our Special Wholesale CATALOGUE of BULBS, containing List of all the Best Varieties of HyaclDths, Tulips, Crocus, Llllums, Daffodils, Snow- drops, Iris, Fseonles, ac, free on application. Pteise compare our Prices b i\>re sending your Orders abroad WATKI SS & S MPSON, Seed and Bi'lb MEicniM-i, Exeter Stren, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. FERI^ShzLERNS!! A large quantity of Small FERNS, nice bushy stuff, ready to pot on, or for decorative purposes, in 2J inch pots : Pteris cristata, cobilis, major, and fcremula, at 9». per 100 ; 600 and upwards, at 8«. fid. PTERIS CRISTATA and SERRTJLATA CRISTATA. fine plants, at -Is. 6d. per dozen. Above prices are for cash with order. Packing Free. An Irupectwn at the Aurseries is Invited, B. PRIMROSE, BLACKHEATH NUKSERIES, ST. JOHN'S PARK. BLACKHEATH. S.E. PRELIMINARY OFFER. BEST BULBS FOR EARLY FLOWERING. CARAWAY & CO. OFFER :— ROMAN HYACINTHS, 4}-inch and upwards, 13s. ed. per 100. ., ., smaller lOj. fld. ,, PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS 6s. DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS 5s. DOUBLE VAN SION DAFFODILS, first size, imported bulbs 6s. 6d. ,, Now ready for delivery. DUC VAN THOL TULIP, Scarlet , ARTUS ,, I LA REINE ^ L'IMMACULEE DUCHESS of PARMA „ WOUVERMAN CHRYSOLORi ,, 6». per 100; 1«. Sd. per dozen. Second-size HYACINTHS, in distinct colours, unnamed Hs. od. per 100. Named ditto, our selection 18s. 6d. „ Firi,t-size HYACINTHS, the beat quality, and firstrclass varieties 4s. to 9s. per doz. NARCISSUS, CYNOSURE 3s. 6d. per 100. PBINCEPS 6s. For September delivery. All orders over 5s. carriage paid. 33. In the £ discount off all Bulbs for " Cash with Order." CATALOQUES now ready. 2s. ed. per 100 ; ed. doz. CARAWAY & CO.,°"'a.l°'B'aas'"'"' THE YOKOHAMA NURSERY GO. LIMriKD, Nos, 21-35, NAKAMURA, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN, Tlie Largest Exporters and Growers of LILY BULBS, CYCAS STEMS, DRIED CYCAS LEAVES, DRIED EULALIA PANICLES, MOSS, SEEDS, TREES, SHRUBS, &c., Produced in Japan. C^ DESCRIPTIVE CA TALOGUES sent on application. UTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Everyone can readily grow Mush- rooms, and by using this Spawn will ensure success. All growers speak in high praise of the quality. Numerous Testimonials. None genuine unless in sealed packages, and printed cul- tural directions enclosed with our signature attached. Price, 6». per bushel. Is. extra for package ; or, 1». per cake, tree per Parcel Post. WM, CUTBUSH AND SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. To tbe Trade. BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer a very • extensive and unusually well-grown Stock of ERICAS (Hyemalisand the other varieties); EPACRtS. SOLANUMS GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, DOUBLE WHITE PRIMULAS BOU V ARDIAS, of sorts ; ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, and other FERNS; PALMS, in variety; GREVILLEA ROBUSTA ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS.STEPHANOTI-i, DIPLADENIAS FICUS ELtSTICA, OEOTONS, TREE CARNATIONS of sorts ■' TEA ROSES in pots ; BORONI AS of sorts ; VINES in pots, &c! An inopfclion is invited. Trade Catalogues forwarded on applic.tion. The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on Tuesday, September 15. Burnt Ash Eoid Nu'seriea, Lee, S E. VEITCH'S BULBS OF SUPEBIOR aUALITY. VEITCH'S BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING. VEITCH'S BULBS POT CULTURE. VEITCH'S BULBS OUTDOOR PLANTING. AT LOWEST PRICES. For iMnih ice CATAKJGVK, forwarded I'oitt-frre on (tjijiJinttian. JAMES VEITCH& SONS ROYAL EXOTIC NUKSEUY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. GUTBUSH'S GARNATIONS. Awarded GOLD MEDALS at Antwerp, York, and Cardiff, 1895; the SILVER CUP at the Temple Show, and GOLD MEDAL at York, 1896; as well as many SILVER MEDALS in various parts of the country. SPECIAL CATALOGUE Now Ready} including a very large number of sterling Novelties, which maybe had free upon application. The atock, probably the largest, is in the finest possible condition, being perfectly free from disease. SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON BORDER and TREE VARIETIEB, are made a very great Bpccialty. WM. CUTBUSH & SON, HIGHGATE NURSERIES. LONDON, N., And BARNET NURSERIES, HERTS. The BEST HYACINTHS the WORLD PRODUCES AT SAVED ! /(>)* Before buying else- where, f end for our CATALOGUE (free) and compare prices EXPECTED FAMINE in HYACIMTHS To avoid dissppolDtment ohder at once ROMAN HYACINTHS, Guaranteed first size. 10/6 per 100. MICHAEL RAINS & CO. Bulb Glowers Sc Seed Merchants, MANSELL STREET, ALIGATE LONDON, E. AMD THE NUBSEBIES, HAIRLF.M, HOLLiSD. AooDST 29, 1896.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 2Z7 ANNOUNCEMENT OF A NEW & IMPORTANT SERIAL WORK. FAVOURITE FLOWERS OF GARDEN AND GREENHOUSE. By EDWAKD STEP, F.L.S. THE CULTURAL DIRECTIONS Edited by WILLIAM WATSON, F.R U.S., Assistant Curator, Koyal Gardens, Kew. In medium 8vo, with about 700 pages of Descriptive Letterpress, Index Matter, &o,, and 316 Full-Page Plates beautifully printed in Colours. Ne. 1 Ready ; No, 2, September I ; and subsequent Tuesdays till complete. ifAVOURiTE, flj EDWARD STEP. F.bS Much has been done during the present generation to furnish the professional gardener with helpful manuals and dictionaries dealinfc with the cultural and technical side of his art, but too little attention has been bestowed upon garden-lovers, who would like to know somethinf; more of tbtir flowers than the mere knowledge necessary for their successful f^rowth. The constant inquiry that the Publishers have had for a work on Cultivated Flowers that would meet the requirements of this large class has led them to undertake this publioation. FAVOURITE FLOWERS of GARDEN and GREEN- HOUSE has been in course of preparation for more than three years, and the Publishers have spared no expense to make it deserve an equal share of public favour with their now well-known Royal Natural Ilittori/. The TEXT has primarily been written for the garden lover and amateur, although the professional gardenerwill also find much that will be of use and interest about flowers. The names of the Editors will be sutlicient guarantee that the work will be scien- tifically accurate, although distinctly popular in treatment ; prac- tically, it is scarcely possible for any book to give detailed infor- mation of the thousands of varieties of flowers being constantly introduced, but examples of all the great leading groups of flowers will be included, and a brief list given of the principal varieties re- produced from these, with their distinct Characteristics, CoLOBATio.v, Hardiness, Size of Bloom, Flowkrinq Timk, Habits, &o. With the principal genera the life-history is given, as well as terse, clear instruc- tions for propagation and successful management. The 316 COLOURED PLATES represent one or more types of these leading groups, and every cire has been taken to present accurate pictures, even in apparently trifling details, of the flowers illustrated; in many instances— The Seed— Seedling— Eoot— Leap— Blossom and Section of Flower, showing Seed Depository, &c., are given. These Plates have been designed and coloured, in all cases, from the living plants. I 316 (ObOUREO Pi.nTe5 I Beduced Cover oF Weekly Issue. MODE OF PUBLICATION. The Worhwiilbe completed in One Year from the date of the First Weekly Issue, in the fulhwiny Stales : — 1st. In Fifty-two Weekly Numbers— Published every Tuesday— (each containing Six Coloured Plates). Ooe Shtlllng uet per Number, or p03t-£r€e, IB. Id. 2ud. In Four Volumes, handsomely bound in green cloth, gilt top (each containing Seventy-nine Coloured Pjates), Fifteen ShllllDg^ net per ^'olume, or pcst-free, 15?. 6(1. 3.d. In Four Volumes, elegantly bound in half-morocco, gilt top (each containing Seventy-nine Coloured Plates, Eighteen SblUlIIgS net per Volume, or post-lree, Igs. 6(3. CASES for Binding every Thirteen Numbers, as completed, into the Quarterly Volumes, will be supplied io two style?, viz : - In cloth gilt Is. 6d. net per Case, j p^gtage, 3d Extra. In half-morocco . . . . 3s. net per Case. ) " KoTE — The Four Volumes, either io cloth or half-morocco, will be published respectively on the day of issue of Nos. 11. 26 r9, and f>2, and with the weekly issue of these numbers a Qratis Supplement will be presenteJ, (MSntainingall Title-Sheets, ludex M .Iter, and a Coloured Frontispiece for each Volume. Subscribers will do well to place their Order for the entire Work, in the form they may select, at an early date, as the Edition, produced at great expense, is necessarily limited, and a reprint will take more than a year to complete Pbospectds Free. 11)^^ Subscrttiers remitting in Advance the amounts stated at the foot for the complete Work, ^^Bn ■^" will have each Weekly Number (or Volume) DELIVERED FREE, as pabUshed, without farther trouble on tbetr part. j' For Fifty-tuio Weekly Ntnuhera, £2 12«., Ntt. Marl,- here which J p^^ j.^„^ Volumes, ehth gilt, gilt top, £3, Net. ( For Four Volumes, half-moror.co, £3 128., Net. Subscriptions are received at all Booksellers, News Agents, and Railway Bookstalls, or by THE Publishers — FREDERICK WARNE & CO., 15, Bedford Street, Strand, London, THE SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1896, FLOWERS AND INSECTS. T^HE question of the relation of insects to -*- flowers i.s such an old one, and so much has been written on this subject, that one might very well think that nothing more could be just now said on this subject except in the way of repetition. There have, however, lately been published one or two papers, which de- serve some notice in the pages of the Gardeners' Chroniele, in that they deal with an old subject in a somewhat now light. The first of these is entitled "Notes on tho Study of tho Cross- fertilisation of Flowers by Insects,'' a paper which appears in the I'roeealings